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Tc phm: PHM TAM QUC (Tp 1) Tc gi: Dch Trung Thin Nh xut bn: Nxb Cng An Nhn Dn Nm xut bn: 05/2010 S trang: 438 Kh sch: 13 x 20.5cm Gi ba: ng Thng Tin Thc Hin: nh my: khanhnghien Hiu chnh: thanhtradn91 ng gi: thanhtradn91 Hon thnh: 16/04/2013 CHN THNH CM N CC THNH VIN THAM GIA D N EBOOK VTBT

TH NG CA NHM E-BOOK (VTBT) Cc bn thn mn! Trong thi i cng ngh thng tin Internet ngy cng pht trin nh hin nay, Ebook nh l mt mn n tinh thn khng th thiu ca cng ng mng v khng ai c th ph nhn nhng li ch m n mang li. Chng ti Nhm E-Book (VTBT) c gng s ha cun sch ny vi hy vng mang n cho cc bn nhng tin ch nht nh khi s dng Ebook. u tin, E-Book (VTBT) chn thnh xin li Tc Gi v NXB v thc hin Ebook khi cha c s ng ca bn lin quan. Tip n, mong cc bn s dng Ebook mt cch hp l, trnh in n, photo nhn bn gi gn gi tr vn c ca cun sch in. Vic s dng Ebook ny l min ph. Do , E-Book (VTBT) khng chu trch nhim v bt k sai st g trong qu trnh bin tp Ebook. Cui cng, chng ti hy vng c gi yu sch nn s hu cho mnh cun sch in tri nghim v nh gi c tt hn v Ebook ln sch in, cng nh ng h v mt ti chnh cho Tc Gi v NXB. Chng ti xin gi li cm n trn trng n Tc Gi, NXB mang n cho ngi c nhng cun sch v cng gi tr. V xin cm n cc c gi ng h E-Book (VTBT). Trn trng!

1. B sch gy ra cn st vn ha vi s lng pht hnh hng triu bn Trung Quc. 2. Nn chnh tr Trung Quc c i l nn chnh tr b mt cn n giu qu nhiu b n. Nhng ti liu cng b thng khng ni r chn tng s vic, thm ch cn che giu nhiu s thc khc. B sch ny c nh nghin cu Dch Trung Thin khai m nhiu b n v nhng ng nhn lch s cht ngi trong Tam Quc. 3. ... ng sai tht gi bn lun si ni, thnh bi c mt nghi hoc phn vn. Rt cuc th din mo ca Tam Quc l th no? 4. Hy khm ph nhng ng nhn cht ngi trong thi i Tam Quc.

DCH TRUNG THIN

PHM TAM QUC

Tp 1
MC LC
Li m u: SNG LN CHY V NG PHN MT: NGY V VUNG ROI Tp th nht: TO THO THT GI Tp th hai: CU GIAN HNG Tp th ba: NG CA NNG THN Tp th t: V U THEO AI Tp th nm: SAI V LI SAI Tp th su: MU SU NGH XA Tp th by: VO TRC L CH Tp th tm: QU SAI THN KHIN Tp th chn: MT TRN SNG MI Tp th mi: THNG BI C C Tp th mi mt: TRM SNG V BIN Tp th mi hai: THIN H QUY TM PHN HAI: TN LU LIN MINH Tp th mi ba: M XANH UNG RU Tp th mi bn: TRI SINH K TI Tp th mi lm: MT TINH THY Tp th mi su: BA LT N LU TRANH Tp th mi by: LONG TRUNG I SCH Tp th mi tm: C NGHIP GIANG NG Tp th mi chn: MNH T PHI LY Tp th hai mi: QUN N DI THNH Tp th hai mi mt: LM NGUY VNG MNH Tp th hai mi hai: CHNG CHI VI SNG D Tp th hai mi ba: TR GIA DNG NC Tp th hai mi t: NGHI N XCH BCH

Li m u: SNG LN CHY V NG y l thi i c nhiu anh hng, mt giai on lch s bn b kh phn, mt cu chuyn v cng hp dn, mt mc v cng th v. chnh s ghi chp, d s truyn ming, h kch bin son, tiu thuyt din ngha. Mi thi k c s nh gi khc nhau, mi tc phm c s miu t khc nhau. ng sai tht gi bn lun si ni, thnh bi c mt nghi hoc phn vn. Rt cuc th din mo ca Tam Quc l th no? Thng thng, ni n Tam Quc l ni n giai on lch s 90 nm k t thi Hn Hin nin hiu S Bnh nm u (nm 190) n thi Tn V nin hiu Thi Khang (nm 280). Gi giai on lch s ny l Tam Quc, ngay cch gi tn cng c bit bao vn . Bi v To Phi xng l nm 221 Cng nguyn; Lu B xng l nm 221 Cng nguyn; Tn Quyn xng l nm 222 Cng nguyn. y l thi k ba nc Ngy, Thc, Ng chnh thc ra i. Theo l, Tam Quc s phi c tnh t y ti lc ba nh quy v Tn, mi ng l thi k Tam Quc. Xem ra xa nay khng h ni nh vy. Nu th th To Tho, Quan V, Chu Du v L Tc v.v s khng th xut hin. Cng khng th ni ti chuyn: m xanh ung ru, ba ln lu tranh, trn chin Xch Bch, i bi Mch Thnh. Mi ngi ni xem th no? Thc t th, bt k l chnh s (nh Tam quc ch), hay tiu thuyt (nh Tam quc din ngha) gn nh u bt u t lc ng Trc lm lon, thm ch sm hn, mi l thi cu th i vi lch s. Bi v ba th lc ln To, Lu, Tn c pht trin v trng thnh t lc quan qun hn chin nhng nm cui thi ng Hn; th chn vc Ngy Thc Ng v c bn hnh thnh t trc lc h dng nc. Cn phi c lch s vi con mt lch s. Khng c nhn th khng c qu. Ch xem danh khng xem thc, khng tm bt ci thc cht, nh vy khng phi l nghim tc m l ph sc i vo nhng vn khng th gii quyt. Vy tnh hnh trong 90 nm l th no? Cng ch c hai ch: lon th, ni rng ra l, khi la ngt tri, cht i y ng, chin tranh lin min, dn khng cn ng sng. Hoc mn li L Tn Trong mng, m mng m hin nha l, u thnh, bin o l c i vng. Nhng thi lon c anh hng. Cng trong b du cng c anh hng. V vy, y l thi i c nhiu an h hng, mt thi i y kh th va anh hng va lng mn. Khng bit c bao nhiu nhn vt phong lu vi li k xc ng v giang sn, c bao nhiu anh hng ci th th hin thn th bay bng nh gi my, thc l giang sn nh tranh, mt thi bao ho kit. C k tn nhng ngi quen bit thi, cng thnh mt danh sch rt di. Anh hng i lc nh To Tho, cc cung tn ty nh Gia Ct Lng, Chu Du anh v ngi

ngi, Lu B kin nhn vng vng, h u l anh hng thi i, cng u l anh hng dn tc Trung Hoa, h mun thng nht mt t nc tng b chia ct, bin lon th thnh tr th, mong cho x hi yn vui, thin h thi bnh. ng nhin, ai trong s h cng ngh rng, h hoc tp on ca h c trch nhim vi lch s, quyt khng nhng cho ai. V vy gia h c mu thun, c va chm, c xung t, c chin tranh, ai ny st kh ng ng, ti sng anh cht kt qu l mt khi cng thnh th vn tm xng kh, ai ny u cm than, bun vui ln ln! C th khng cn cch gii quyt no khc; v lch s, ch c th tin ti trong bi kch, trong :hai mt i lp . Mt mt l chin tranh, ch c th kt thc bng chin tranh; mt khc, kt thc chin tranh, ngi dn phi chu mi kh i. V vy khi ca ngi, tn thng anh hng thi i th ng qun nhng au kh m ngi dn phi gnh chu. Kt qu vic tranh ginh Trung Nguyn l mt nh thu tm, kt qu ca rng tranh h u l thin h thng nht. Ty tn xut hin. Thc ra tnh hnh Ty Tn cn t hi hn, nhng y ch ni n Tam Quc, Thi gian ngn l c im ca Tam Quc. Ba nc Ngy, Thc, Ng ch tn ti khng qu na th k; thm na, thi k trc Tam Quc cng ch c 90 nm. Thi gian ngn ngi , so vi lch s dn tc Trung Hoa, cng ch l trong chc lt. Thm ch ngi ta cha kp nh li, ngh li t m th trong chp mt g mi bin thnh ngan. Lch s thng c ngi thng li vit thnh sch, dn gian sa li, khng trnh khi thy nhn thy tr hoc nghe tin t mt phi. V vy khi ba nc Ngy, Thc, Ng va dit vong, ngi ngi bn lun si ni v nhng g ghi chp trong s sch, kin ca hc gi cng c phn khc nhau. c hai cch ni khi Gia Ct Lng xung ni, l ba ln lu tranh v vo ca t tin; ha chin Xch Bch cng c hai cch ni, Hong Ci tr hng phng la v To Tho t thuyn rt. Tam Quc l lch s tinh t, chi sng khin ngi ngi phi tai hoa mt. Lch s Tam Quc y kch tnh khin n tr thnh ti hng dn ca vn hc ngh thut. Trong dn gian, n cng tr thnh mt ti ngi ngi a chung, thch th. Ngi bit Lu B r rng nhiu hn ngi bit Lu T; ngi bit To Tho vt hn ngi bit Vng Mng. Cng lao thuc v cc tc phm vn hc ngh thut, nht l Tam quc din ngha. Sc cm ca tc phm vn hc ngh thut i hi phi tng tng v h cu. Tc phm vn hc ngh thut y tng tng v h cu ly s lm cn c, lm cu t, lm ti, h h thc thc, na gi na tht, thm nhiu mi v vo on s liu vn phc tp, min man. Ni v Chu Du Nhc ti v danh tng Giang ng, ngi ta thng ngh ngay n cu chuyn Ba ln chc tc Chu Du, l sinh Du sao cn sinh Lng v Chu Du mo gii yn thin h, mt phu nhn li thit qun v.v Tic thay, l tiu thuyt, khng

phi lch s, trong s Gia Ct Lng cha tng chc tc Chu Du. V d c chc tc cng khng th cht c. V sao vy? Bi v Chu Du tnh tnh mnh m, ho phng. Tam quc ch ni Chu Du khoan dung lng, tnh tnh phng khong, rng ri, c ngi cng thi nh gi rt cao. Lu B ni Chu Du rt lng, Tng Cn ni Du l ngi thanh lch. Nhn tin ni thm, Tng Cn cng b oan ung. Tng Cn c n doanh tri ca Chu Du, nhng l sau trn chin Xch Bch hai nm, ng nhin khng phi la ly cp th sch g . Tng Cn khng phi mi trng, ngc li cn p trai. Giang Biu truyn ni Cn c t th, c ti hng bin, khp c vng Giang Hoi khng ai c vy, xem ra y l nhn vt khi ng, ti mo song ton. Chu Du cng vy, mt anh hng cc k tun t. Thi ai ai cng r Chu Du khi ng tun t. Tam quc ch ni Chu Du mnh m, dung mo tuyt p, cn ni Ngi Ng cn gi l Chu lang. Lang, l trai tr. Gi lang l c tn thng sc p. V vy, Chu lang tc l Chu tun t. ng thi, Tn Sch cng l Tn lang, tc l Tn tun t. ng nhin, ci tun t ca mt ngi khng ch ni n b ngoi, m quan trng nht l ni n kh th bn trong. Va kho, Chu Du l ngi kh cht cao qu, khoan dung, lng. Chu Du phm hnh tt, bit trau di nhn phm, bit nh trn, hiu ngh thut, m nhc li cng tinh thng. D ru c ba tun, ngi lng lng, nhng vn bit c ban nhc din tu chun xc hay khng. Nu sai th Chu Du quay u li nh, thi , ngi ta ni, Khc c sai, Chu lang nhn. V vy, ti ng rng Chu Du ch huy qun i cng ging nh ch huy ban nhc, bin chin tranh thnh ngh thut, trn nh tht ngon mc, ging nh mt tc phm ngh thut. Chu Du nh trn cng rt p. trn Xch Bch, Chu Du l tng ch huy tin phng ca lin qun Tn Lu. Trong Xch Bch hoi c ca T ng Pha ni, :nh li Cng Cn nm , mi ci Tiu Kiu, kiu hng anh dng, qut lng khn lt, ni y ci y m gic mnh mt thi bin thnh my khi. Qut lng, qut lm bng lng. Khn lt, khn dt bng t la. Qut lng khn lt tng trng cho s nho nh lc . Qu tc v quan vin thng i m. M cao, o rng, tht ai, th hin Hn quan uy nghi. Nhng vo nhng nm cui thi ng Hn, khng i m m qun khn tr thnh thi thng ca danh s. Nu thn l tng soi m qut lng khn lt th y l phong thi ca nho tng. Chng kh khn g, chng ta c th nh li cnh tng lc : Qun To by trn Trng Giang, chin thuyn san st, qun k php phi, ngi Giang ng kinh hn lc phch, run s hi hng, nhng Chu Du vn nh khng, ung dung t ti. Chu Du u qun khn, tay cn qut, by mu trong trng, theo k ch huy, cui cng khc ch, ly t nh nhiu ginh ly phn thng. Thc l chuyn hi hng ng s! Chu Du lc ny c coi l thiu nin anh hng, ch ngi ngi, chiu sng khp ni! ng nhin, chin tranh khng phi l ngh thut, khng th phng khong nhng y, nho nh nhng y, phong lu ci m nhng y, cng khng th ci ci ni ni, khng th gic mnh mt thi bin thnh my khi. Chu Du lc ny,

ci Tiu Kiu 10 nm ri, khng phi va ci Tiu Kiu. T ng Pha ni vy l mun khc ha r hnh tng anh hng ca Chu Du. Tc phm vn hc khng th coi l lch s, nhng mun ni Chu Du l anh hng nho nh trong lch s th i th l c. Chu Du mi 24 tui c Tn Sch phong l Kin Uy trung lang tng, c ra chin trng lp cng dng nghip. Cng trong nn y Tn Sch v Chu Du cng ci con gi Kiu cng l i Kiu v Tiu Kiu v lm v, T ng Pha gi l va ci Tiu Kiu. R rng con ngi Chu Du bt k u, quan trng, chin trng hay tnh trng, u c nh , liu cn c ai c mi ngi hm m hn th na? Mt ngi tr tui lun c nh th liu cn g phi ghen t vi ngi khc v v ghen t vi ngi khc m tc n cht? Chng ta cng ghen t vi Chu Du gn ti mc y. Khng sai, Chu Du c nhng lc u tranh cng khai hoc u tranh ngm ngm vi Lu B. Chu Du tng ngh vi Tn Quyn giam lng Lu B, phn ha Quan, Trng, sau ny chng ta s ni tip. y hon ton v li ch chnh tr, khng v g khc. Hn na, nhng ngi m Chu Du nghi s l Lu, Quan, Trng, khng phi l Gia Ct Lng. Thc tnh lc Chu Du khng h coi Gia Ct Lng l ch th hng u, vy c g phi ngm hi! Ngc li, Gia Ct Lng, mt ngi c cao siu li c coi l Ba ln chc tc Chu Du, c m t thnh k tiu nhn gian tr him c (li H Thch), ngh xem, au xt bit chng no! Chng ta thy, lch s xa cch chng ta, c lc xa cch n nh vy. Thc t, rt nhiu s kin lch s, nhn vt lch s u c ba din mo, ba hnh tng. 1- Din mo c ghi trong chnh s, chng ta gi l hnh tng lch s. Cc s gia lun ch trng nh vy. cn phi ni r hn, hnh tng lch s cha hn l chn tng lch s. Liu lch s c chn tng khng? C. C th lm r khng? Kh. Lm r chn tng lch s Tam Quc l rt kh. Bi chng ta khng sao tm c ti liu nguyn thy, khng th mi c cc c nhn ln hi, v d c mi c th chc g h ni tht. V vy, ch cn da vo nhng ghi chp trong sch s, ng nhin l chnh s. Nhng ngay c chnh s cng c nhng ch khng tin c. Tam Quc s thoi ca ngi T Min, mt i s s hc, nhiu ln nhc nh, khng th tin c ht nhng iu ghi chp trong Tam quc ch, Hu Hn th. Hung h Thc Hn ca Lu B li cha c quan chp s. Nhng ghi chp lin quan trong Tam quc ch u l nhng iu mt thy tai nghe cng vi li n ngoi ng ngoi ch. Nh vy, ch cn bit trng vo s kho chng ca cc s gia. Nhng cch nhn ca cc s gia li khng nht tr. Nh vic Thc Hn nc khng c s, khng c quan ghi s, nh s hc thi ng Lu Tri C cho l li mit th s nhc Gia Ct. R rng l, cng ngy cng kh hiu. V vy, ch c th coi hnh tng lch s l nhng iu ghi chp trong s hoc l hnh tng do cc s gia ch trng. V cng phi ni r, d l hnh tng, nhng khng phi ch c mt, ang c nhng tranh lun.

Loi din mo th hai l tc phm ngh thut, bao gm tiu thuyt, kch, chng ta gi l hnh tng vn hc. y l loi do cc nh vn ch trng nh Tam quc din ngha v cc loi Kch Tam Quc. Mt loi na l din mo trong lng qun chng, do trm h ch trng, gi chung l hnh tng dn gian nh cc loi truyn thuyt dn gian v tp tc dn gian, tn ngng dn gian bao gm c nhng hnh tng trong con mt tng ngi. Thc ra th trong con mt mi chng ta u c hnh tng mt nhn vt lch s. V vy, khi mt v kch lch s ra i, thng nghe mi ngi bn lun ging hay khng ging. Thc tnh, cha ai nhn thy nhn vt lch s, nhng vn c bn ging hay khng ging. R rng, trong tm l tng ngi u c sn mt cun s. hnh thnh hnh tng vn hc, hnh tng dn gian cn c mt qu trnh lch s. i th th cng v sau cng khng da vo ghi chp; thc ch quan, s yu ght c nhn ngy cng nhiu. ng nhin, sau khi c quan im lch s khoa hc li c th bn theo cch khc. Nh phn trn ni, s cm nhn t tc phm vn hc ngh thut hn hn t trc tc s hc. u ng cui ng ngi ngi truyn tin, v khng th xem thng lc lng ny. Nhn s dn gian khng ging cc s gia, khng cn hc hnh nghim cn, khng c p lc no, mun ht th ht. iu vn chng quan trng g. Nhng, nh L Tn tng ni: Mt t vn khng c ng, ngi i nhiu s thnh ng. Cng vy, mt loi hnh tng, nu c nhiu ngi ni s c th t gi tng bin thnh chn tng. Ni n Gia Ct Lng Con ngi Gia Ct Lng, t ra cng t thi Tn tr thnh i tng c nhiu ngi hm m, m lc ta ra khp ni, n hin nh my khi. Thi c ngi tn l Quch Xung, c th l ngi tin cy ca Gia Ct Lng, cm thy mi ngi sng bi Gia Ct Lng nh vy l cha , mi a ra nm vic kn ca Lng m ngi i cha nghe, iu th ba trong l khng thnh k. Lc ch thch Tam quc ch, Bi Tng Chi bc b c nm vic ny. Cn c b khng thnh k l: Lc Gia Ct Lng ng qun Dng Bnh, T M l c Kinh chu Uyn Thnh, th lm g c kh nng xut hin chin trng Dng Bnh, lm g c ci gi l khng th nh k? C iu, y l cu chuyn rt hay, th l Tam quc din ngha nhc i nhc li, kch Tam Quc din i din li, ci gi l Tht khng trm (mt Nhai nh, khng thnh k, chm M Tc) c din i din li nhiu ln khng chn. Nhng cu chuyn ny khng c thc, cng khng hp l gc. Th nht, T M khng dm tin cng, s trong thnh c mai phc. Vy, phi mt ton do thm, c c khng? Th hai, T M qu c thy Gia Ct Lng ngi trn thnh lu, ti ci rng r, khong cch cng khng xa lm, vy, nn chn mt thn x, bn h Gia Ct Lng xung lu, thc hin bt gic bt cha trc, c c khng? Th ba, theo Quch Xung khi T M

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c hai mi vn qun, Gia Ct Lng ch c mt vn; theo Tam quc din ngha, lc T M c mi lm vn qun, Gia Ct Lng ch c hai ngn nm trm ngi. Tm li ch ng ta t. Vy, vy ba ngy, vy m khng nh, c c khng? Lm g n on phi quay u lui qun? V vy, Bi Tng Chi mi ni chc rng li Quc Xung l sai. Bi Tng Chi ni: Nh Xung cho hay, Tuyn (T M ) c 20 vn qun, bit r Lng qun t lc yu, nu nghi c mai phc, th tng cng phng b, c g phi rt chy. V vy, lm g c Khng thnh k. Nhng iu khc nh ha thiu Tn D, thuyn c mn tn u l t khng m c. La chy Bc Vng l c, nhng l Lu B t t (Tin ch lp phc binh, ri t n ngy trang, bn n ui ti, phc binh ph c), khng nghe ni Gia Ct Lng lm g y. Ha thiu Xch Bch cng c, nhng l cng lao v ch ca Hong Ci b tng ca Chu Du, cng khng thy Gia Ct Lng lm g. Mn gi ng li cng bun ci. Gia Ct Lng Tm gi trai gii, mnh mc o y, xa tc ngt ngng, ln n t gi, gi thn gi qu, v vy L Tn cho hay: Tam quc din ngha ni Gia Ct Lng nhiu mu gn nh yu. Yu y khng phi yu tinh hoc yu qui m l yu nhn, ging nh loi ng ng b ct hoc ph thy. ng nhin Gia Ct Lng khng phi l yu nhn. Khng ch khng l yu nhn m l khi ng. (Dng biu Gia Ct Lng tp ca Trn Th ni, thn cao tm thc, dung mo ngi ngi. Tm thc thi Hn, tng ng vi nm thc nm tc by gi, cng tc l mt mt tm t. Lc 26 tui, Gia Ct Lng bt u xung ni. Hai mi su tui i, cao mt mt tm t, dung mo ngi ngi, hy tng tng xem l mt hnh tng nh th no. t ra cng khng phi thn mc o o, ru di y mt, cn nh qut lng, khn lt c th l ng, v l thi thng v cng chng li lc g vi Gia Ct Lng. Cn nh qut lng khn lt, ni ci y m gic mnh mt thi bin thnh my khi l ni n Chu Du, khng phi Gia Ct Lng. Coi nh chuyn Mn gi ng l c thc th cng l Chu Du i mn (truyn thuyt dn gian c chuyn Chu Du mn gi ng), nu khng th sao Mc li ni Gi ng c ph Chu lang, mt nn ng Tc kha xun hai Kiu? Phi ni, cng trng ch yu ca Gia Ct Lng trong trn chin Xch Bch l tc thnh lin minh Tn Lu; cng hin ch yu ca Gia Ct Lng cho Lu B l sch lc chnh tr lin Ng chng To v chia ba thin h. Thc t th Gia Ct Lng l nh chnh tr, nh ngoi giao kit xut, v cha hn l nh qun s kit xut. V qun s th cn phi bn. Ti qun s ca Gia Ct Lng cng khng huyn diu nh li n ca hu th. Trong Li ni u Tam quc ch tuyn ch ca nh s hc, ngi Miu Vit ni, Trong vic chinh nam ca Gia Ct Lng, truyn thuyt thi khuch i my ch, nh by ln bt by ln tha Mnh Hoch, l khng hp l, cn nh Ngi nam ht lm phn, cng khng ng vi s thc. Gia Ct Lng thng t c nhng chiu him, khng nh tc phm vn hc v truyn thuyt dn gian ni. Ngi thch

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a ra cc chiu him l Quch Gia. c im ca Gia Ct Lng l cn thn ng nh li t ph bnh hoc li bnh ca cc s gia. Trn Th ni Gia Ct Lng Tr r l s trng, k mu l s on, lo cho dn gii hn mu lc ca tng; y l nhng li nh gi thc s cu th. Tc l, Gia Ct Lng l Tiu H, khng l Trng Lng v Hn Tn. Nhng n Tam quc din ngha th Gia Ct Lng bng c ba ngi Tiu H, Trng Lng v Hn Tn gp li, khng ch by mu trong trng c th thng li ngoi ngn dm, m cn thn c diu ton nh nh tin tri. Bt k ai, ch cn lm ng diu k trong cm nang th khng nh cng thng, khng p cng . Cc i tng ca Lu B nh Quan V, Trng Phi, Triu Vn u nh con ri trong tay Gia Ct Lng, hiu cng lm, khng hiu cng lm. Tt nhin, nh vy l khng ng, nhng c nguyn nhn. Nguyn nhn g? Chng ta s ni sau. Cu chuyn v Cm nang diu k l c thc, nhng tic l ch To Tho. Vic c ghi chp trong Tam quc ch- Trng Liu truyn, vo nm Kin An th XX (nm 215), sau ny s ni tip. Cu chuyn v khng thnh k c th cng c. To Tho, Vn Snh, Triu Vn tng dng, c iu vic cn tranh lun, sau ny chng ta s ni tip. Nhng khng c tranh lun, mi ngi khng ni ti, ch v dn gian khng thch To Tho. i vi Tam Quc, dn gian cng rt quan tm, nhit tnh chng km g cc nh s hc. Chng ta u bit, trong bn trc tc c in ln ca Trung Quc Hng Lu Mng c i v cao nht trong vn hc lch s, c cu Lc ri khng ni ti Hng Lu Mng th d c c ht sch v cng coi l ung. Nhng ng nh L Tn ni: Ngi dn thch nht vn l Tam Quc v Thy H. Cng tc l ni, Tam Quc v Thy H l hai cun sch m trm h thch nht. Thc t th nh hng ln nht i vi x hi Trung Quc khng phi Hng Lu m l Tam Quc v Thy H. V d ngh t tn Trng Phi lm t s, ngh dt tn Lu B l t s, ngh cp bc tn Tng Giang lm t s, v cha nghe ni c ngh no li tn cc nhn vt trong Hng Lu Mng nh Gi Bo Ngc, Vng Hy Phng lm t s. Cho nn, hnh tng dn gian cc nhn vt trong Tam Quc cng ng c nghin cu. Ni n Quan V Quan V c nhng im khin ngi ta phi sng knh l trng tnh trng ngha. Sau khi bt c Quan V, To Tho l i rt hu, chnh Quan V cng ni bit l To cng i ti rt hu, nhng Quan V quyt khng phn bi Lu B, cui cng mi chn cch phi ra sc bo cng ri mi i. Kt qu, To Tho cng thm knh trng (To Tho trng ngha), Quan V tr v doanh tri ch (v vi Tin ch bn qun Vin). T y chng ta cng thy, Quan V c nhin l tnh ngha ngt tri, To Tho c coi l ngha kh dng cm, bit tn trng ngi ngha kh dng cm. Tic rng

12

ngi i ch ngh n ci tnh ca Quan V m qun mt ci ngha ca To Tho. Thc khng cng bng. Dn gian sng bi Quan v, nhng v tn ngng tp tc th c phn hi l. V nh ngi th ct tc, tn Quan V l t s, thc l kh hiu, c bao gi Quan V l th ct tc! V thi ng Hn lm g c chuyn ct tc. Ngh i ngh li, c th v trn tay bn h c dao. C iu, trong tay Quan V l cht u, khng phi ct tc. Thi nh Thanh, trc mt hiu ct tc c treo mt i cu i: Hi thin h c my u lu. Xem lo phu c bao th on, thc ging nh khu kh ca Quan V. Mt vic na cng kh l k quc, coi Quan V l thn ti, Quan V l tng qun tri trm trn, coi l thn chin cn c l, sao li gi l thn ti? ng nhin, vic ny vn coi l c, sau ny s ni tip. C iu ti ngh, ri mt ngy no Quan V s bin thnh thn i tnh, gip nhiu cho hn nhn, bi Quan V bit la chn trong i tnh. Theo ch dn Thc k v Hoa Dng quc ch ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch- Quan V truyn, Quan V tng yu mt c gi, nhiu ln ni vi To Tho ci nng lm v. Ni nhiu ln, Tho lin nghi ngi ny c sc l, lin triu n xem trc th qu l sc nc hng tri, kt qu Tho gi li cho mnh, Quan V bun ru v hn (lng V khng yn). Nu chuyn ny l c thc, To Tho qu khng bit iu. Lc ny th chng ta bit, trong lch s Tam Quc c ba loi hnh tng: hnh tng lch s, hnh tng vn hc v hnh tng dn gian. Chng ta nhn nhn th no y? Trc ht nn lm r hnh tng lch s, mun th phi c chnh s nh Tam quc ch. Tam quc ch l tc phm ca Trn Th. Trn Th ngi Nam Sung, T Xuyn. Sau khi Ty Tn thng nht c nm nm (nm 285), Tam quc ch c hon thnh. Trn Th nghim cn trong truy xt, khong cch thi gian li khng di, nn tin tng c. C iu, chnh v thi nghim cn , Trn Th lc b kh nhiu ti liu thi , nn Tam quc ch tng i gin lc. Th mi c s ch thch ca Bi Tng Chi. Bi Tng Chi ngi huyn Vn H, Sn Ty trng thi Lu Tng Nam triu. chng mt trm ba mi nm sau khi Tam quc ch hon thnh, Bi Tng Chi mi ch thch. Bi Tng Chi b sung mt lng ln ti liu, gm nhng phn Trn Th lc b hoc khng thy, c phn phn tch thm. Khng bn ti nhng phn cha th kho chng, cha th phn tch. R rng Bi Tng Chi l ngi nghim tc, c th tin tng vo nhng li ch dn ca ng. Ch ca Trn Th v Ch ca Bi Tng Chi l hai cn c ca ci gi l Chnh thuyt. ng nhin c th tham kho cc sch s khc, nhng nu c mu thun th vo trc l ch nn da vo Th ch Bi ch l tt nht. C iu, hnh tng vn hc v hnh tng dn gian u khng phi l khng c ngha hoc khng c l l. Trn thc t, rt nhiu ngi coi Tam Quc, nht l

13

Tam quc din ngha l sch gio khoa. ng nh Tn L ni, mu s ly sch y lm tr khn, tng soi ly sch y lm binh th, ngi thng tr i Thanh coi Tam quc din ngha l vn kin ni b, pht cho thn thch quyn qu. Trong Qun chy bin Tin Chung Th cng nhc ti my vic ngi i sau hc Khng thnh k, thm ch cho Khng thnh k l mu mc in hnh ca khng la m b la. Ni Ngi khng c qun thn nhin cho ngi khc bit mnh khng by qun, l khng la di; cho ngi khc bit thc tnh ngi khc khng tin l s tht, y l la di. L ph (gi tt l Mao ph) ca cha con Mao Tng Cng cng rt c l: Ch c ngi thn trng khng lm vic to bo, cng ch c ngi thn trng mi lm c vic to bo ngy thng Khng Minh thn trng, nn khng lm vic to bo trong mt lc. Trng t khng nghi ng Khng Minh mt lc lm vic to bo, chnh v tin Khng Minh hng ngy rt thn trng. C iu cch ni ca Ngy Hi cng c ngha: Nu hm nay gp sn tc xng vo cng thnh, t Khng Minh i ri. R rng, d l hnh tng dn gian hay hnh tng vn hc, thm ch l ru ng n cm cm b kia, ghp hoa chit cnh, t khng thnh c, u c th cho ngi ta nhng bi hc b ch. Mt hnh tng phi c l mi c hnh thnh, mi c lu truyn. iu m chng ta cn lm l ni r ci l . y c ba vic cn lm. 1. l hon nguyn, cho mi ngi hay s tht ca lch s l g? 2. l so snh ba hnh tng khc nhau nhng g? 3. l phn tch, phi lm r v sao hnh tng lch s li c th bin thnh hnh tng vn hc v hnh tng dn gian. Chng ti hy vng qua ba vic , chng ta c th hiu c Tam Quc. l vic lm chng d dng g. Lch s c ba hnh tng th c lch s cng c ba cch. c lch s trn lp trng ca ngi xa, Tin Mc gi l kin lch s; c lch s trn lp trng ngy nay, Tin Mc gi l kin thi i; c lch s trn lp trng ca mnh, l kin c nhn. Bt k ai ni v lch s u phi ni ti ba loi kin . Cui cng Sng ln chy v ng, sng tri ht nhng nhn vt phong lu ca ngn xa. Nhn vt v s kin c huy hong n my, cng ch lu li nhng n tng m h, mc cho ngi i bnh lun. Li ca Trng Thng: bao vic hng ph ca Lc triu, s thnh li tiu ng lc nhn ri, Thc tnh thnh li tiu ng lc nhn ri, u ch c vic hng ph ca Lc triu m bao gm mi chuyn trong lch s. ng l mt bnh ru nht vui lc gp mt, xa nay bao chuyn, u thnh li m tiu. T nay trong cc tit mc, chng ta s thm vo vi phn m tiu bnh c Tam Quc. Vy, nn bt u t u? Theo ti, nn bt u t hnh tng lch s, hnh tng vn hc, hnh tng dn gian phc tp nht, nhiu im khc nhau, c mi ngi bn lun nhiu nht, h a chng ta vo mt giai on lch s honh trng m phc tp!

14

PHN MT: NGY V VUNG ROI Tp th nht: TO THO THT GI Trung Quc thng s ca Phm Vn Lan ghi giai on t thi Hn Hin nin hiu S Bnh nm u (nm 190) n thi Tn V nin hiu Thi Khang nm u (nm 280) l Thi k chia ct trong s Tam Quc thi ng Hn. Ni v Tam Quc l ni v giai on lch s ny,; v nhn vt ni nht trng l To Tho ngi sng lp nn nh Ngy. T hng ngn nm nay To Tho chu nhiu li ph bnh t xu khc nhau, l nhn vt c bnh lun si ni ngay khi cha y np quan ti. Vi To Tho c nhiu cch ni cch bnh lun, c nhiu kin khc nhau, thc him thy, hnh tng dn gian ca To Tho li cng t. vy, con ngi thc ca To Tho trong lch s l th no? Ni n Tam Quc th trc ht phi ni v To Tho. Hnh tng trong lch s ca To Tho khng hay lm, ni khch kh l gian hng, khng khch kh l gian thn, thm ch l gian tc. Nhng L Tn li coi To Tho l anh hng. Trong bi Quan h gia Ngy Tn phong v vn chng vi thuc v ru , L Tn ni: To Tho l ngi rt c bn lnh, ch t cng l mt anh hng. Ti khng cng cnh vi To Tho, nhng rt khm phc To Tho. y c ba cch nh gi v ba hnh tng: anh hng, gian hng, gian tc. Vy cch nh gi no l chnh xc nht? Nn phi lm r con ngi thc To Tho trong lch s v l ngi nh th no. Thc khng d dng. L Tn ni, c Tam quc din ngha, xem Kch Tam Quc khng phi l cch bnh xt To Tho chn chnh. Tin tng nht vn l lch s. L Tn li ni: ghi chp v nh gi trong s sch c lc khng tin c, rt nhiu ch khng tin c, v thng thng th triu i no di hn s c ngi tt hn, triu i no ngn ngi th gn nh khng c ngi tt. Nhng nm thng ca To Ngy li rt ngn, v vy To Tho khng trnh khi b ngi triu sau bu xu. Li xu ni nhiu bin thnh thnh kin. Thnh kin c truyn i t i ny sang i khc, tch t li thnh iu kh b. C th vi To Tho, s vic thm phc tp. Bi v hai cun T tr thng gim v Tam quc din ngha c nh hng ln nht, coi h To chng hay ho g. Khng ring Tam quc din ngha coi To Tho l Quc tc, trong qu trnh bin son T tr thng gim cng lc b khng t nhng s liu c li cho To Tho. R rng y l loi kin thi i. Chng nh phn ln ngi Tng khng thch To Tho. Ch Lm ca T ng Pha ni, khi nghe k sch, mi ngi thy Lu Huyn c bi th chau my, c ngi ri l; n on To Tho bi th vui mng ca ht. Thi Bc Tng l vy. n Nam Tng th gn nh tt c ni To Tho l gic. Nguyn, Minh, Thanh sau ny, To Tho b chi ra l chnh. Ni tt,

15

cng c nhng khng nhiu. n th k XVII, Cn Long coi To Tho l thon nghch, mt n ging xung, khng cn cch g gng ni. Thc t th ngay t thi Tn c s nh gi khc nhau v To Tho. Ngy th ca Vng Thm v c Hn Th ca T M Bu cn khng nh To Tho, cn c li ng h; D ng tp ng ca Tn Thnh v To Man truyn ca Ng Nhn li khng h khch kh, bc trn nhiu iu tn khc gian tr ca To Tho. Tp Tc Xi nh s hc ng Tn, l ngi u tin sng lp thuyt Thon nghch. Do cc nh s hc t thi Nam Bc triu n Ty ng, khen ch khc nhau, To Tho bnh truyn ca Trng Tc Diu m t kh tng tn. R rng vi To Tho, khng ch kin thi i khng ging nhau, m kin lch s cng rt khc nhau. Thm vo kin c nhn ca tng ngi, b mt thc ca To Tho cng kh lm r. C iu, c th khng nh rng, To Tho b chi. Trn i khng c tnh yu v c, v cng khng c lng hn th v c! To Tho b mng chi l c nguyn nhn. Nguyn nhn g? C rt nhiu, v nhiu nht l ch gian. i vi ngi xa m ni th thon ot vng triu Hn l gian, xo tr cng l gian. Nhng iu lm cho trm h hn nht l cu ni ca To Tho th ta ph ngi, ch khng ngi ph ta. Mt ngi, th t mnh khng tt vi ngi thin h, khng th ngi thin h khng tt vi mnh, ngi qu xu. V vy, chng ta phi lm r ti ny, xem c ng nh vy khng. Chuyn ny khng thy ghi trong Tam quc ch, ch thy trong li ch dn Ngy th, Th Ng ca Bi Tng Chi v Tp k ca Tn Thnh. i khi cu chuyn l th ny, sau khi ng Trc vo kinh, c biu To Tho l Kiu k hiu y. To Tho c tuyt lnh ca ng Trc, chy khi Lc Dng, theo ng nh v qu. Lc ngang qua nh ngi bn l L B Sa, Tho lin git c nh ngi ny. V sao phi git? Ba quyn sch ni theo ba kiu. Ngy th vit: B Sa vng nh, ngi con cng tn khch c git Thi t ly nga v vt, Thi t cm dao git lun my ngi. Th ng chp: Thi t thy mnh lm tri ln Trc, s h c g, m cm kim git ngi ri b i. Tp k ca Tn Thnh li ni: Thi t nghe ting vt dng trong bp va chm, ng c g, nn git lun ngi trong m. Xem ra To Tho git c nh L B Sa l khng c vn g. Git ngi v ng c no mi l vn . Theo cch ni ca Ngy th y l phng v chnh ng hoc phng v hi qu. Theo cch ni ca hai cun kia, v nghi ng lo lng nn ng st. Xem ra Ngy th c phn bo v To Tho, chng ta khng bn thm, ch bn tip hai cch ni sau. Trong hai cun ni sau, cch ni ca Tn Thnh l c th nht. Mt l To Tho nghe c ting g (ting ng, va chm trong bp); hai l, sau khi git ngi, To Tho ni cu: Th ta ph ngi, ch khng ngi ph ta. Ting vt dng va chm khng phi l ting ra bt a, m l ting mi dao. To Tho nghi ng mi git ngi. Sau khi git ngi, mi bit ngi ta chun b git ln git d khon i mnh, ng st

16

ngi tt, mi n au ni: th ta ph ngi, khng ngi ph ta. n au l th thm v bi thng. Tc l ni, sau khi bit mnh ng st, trong lng To Tho rt th thm, rt bi thng, nh t an i, t bin h, cho sai lm ca mnh mt cch min cng. ng nhin, d c bin h cng khng th ra sch c ti li. Nhng bi thm th cng khng n ni mt ht lng tm. Nhng nhng thay i trong Tam quc din ngha li rt ln. Lng d n au khng cn na, Th ta ph ngi, ch khng ngi ph ta cng bin thnh Th ta ph ngi thin h, ch khng ngi thin h ph ta. C iu g khc bit y? Cu trc c l, th ta khng tt vi ngi khc, khng ngi khc khng tt vi ta. Ngi y l (ngi khc), l ch ring, ring vi ngi nh L B Sa, l ngi c bit. Cu sau mun ni, ngi khp trong thin h, l tt c mi ngi, trong mt phm vi rt ln. Tuy rng u rt c, nhng mc khng ging nhau, phn lng k hc nhau. y l im th nht. im th hai, by gi nhn c vic To Tho mi ni Th ta ph ngi, ch khng ngi ph ta. l, tuy ta git nhm ngi ta, nhng by gi ta chng cn cch no khc. By gi ta bit chy i u, ta nh khng phi vi ngi ta, khng ngi ta khng phi vi mnh. Nh vy l To Tho vn cn mt cht thin . Nhng Th ta ph ngi thin h, ch khng ngi thin h ph ta, bin thnh lun l th, bin thnh cng ci kh th, v nh vy To Tho bin thnh gian tc c b. Cho nn vn cn nghi vn nu ch da vo y ni To Tho l gian c him c. D l vy, Mao ph vn ni: y l im Mnh c hn ngi, Khng h l k tiu nhn tm ming nh nht. V sao vy? V nu l ngi khc h s ni ngc li, th thin h khng phi vi ta, ta khng th khng phi vi thin h. Nhng thc t l th no? Thc t th ging nhng g nh To Tho lm (liu c ai khng suy ngh nh vy), nhng, ai dm m ming ni ra? Ai cng mun l chnh nhn qun t, ch c To Tho dm ni, dm cng khai ni thng li gian tr . To Tho l tiu nhn tht khng l ngy qun t. V vy Mao ph mi coi l im To Tho hn ngi. Bi v trn i ny ngy qun t qu nhiu. Cha con Mao Tng Cng khng thch To Tho, nhng h u ni y l im hn ngi ca To Tho, vy ng l im hn ngi. Thc t th, trong xo tr c chn thnh, hoc c lc xo tr c lc chn thnh, ng l mt trong cc c im ca To Tho. Theo ch dn To Man truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch, V k, cng nguyn nm 200, To Tho v Vin Thiu quyt chin Quan , Ha Du sang hng To. Va ngi xung Du hi lun: Xin hi lng thc bn qu qun cn c bao nhiu? To Tho s v bt ng, thun ming ni lun: Cn mt nm. Ha Du ni thng lun: Khng ng! Ni li! To Tho cha li ni: C th c na nm. Ha Du ci nht: Chng nh ng bn c khng mun nh bi Vin Thiu ri? Sao c ni i ni li li khng thc? To Tho l ngi

17

thng minh, bit r Ha Du nu khng do thm th chc hiu thu tm t ca mnh, mun giu cng chng c. Nu khng ni thc s mt s tn nhim v gip ca Ha Du, nn ci ri ni: Va ri a vui thi! Thc tnh th cn cho hn mt thng. Ha Du thy To Tho ni thc, bn ni ht nhng suy ngh ca mnh v tnh hnh chin cc cng nhng bin php gii quyt. Trn Vin Thiu thm bi. To Tho gian tr nh vy, khng c mt no l thc sao? C. Cng nguyn nm 220, To Tho chinh chin c i b bnh nng. Lc ny To Tho 66 tui, theo cch ni Nhn sinh tht thp c lai hi, To Tho coi l sng . Mt ngi khoi t nh To Tho, hn s chng ngi g vi sng cht, v cng khng my bn tm n cng ti, c mt ca mnh. To Tho li bn Di lnh (ghi quyn ba Ton Tam Quc vn trong Ngy v ) rt di, coi l li bn giao cui cng. Nhng iu khin mi ngi ngc nhin l , nh chnh tr kit xut khng h ni ti chnh tr. Ni v cng ti c mt, cng ch l vi cu: Ta chp php trong qun, ni chung u l ng (ta chp php trong qun l ng). Cn vic ni nng nh, phm sai lm ln th u khng ng ni. Phn cn li ca di lnh, ni ti nhiu chuyn vn vt khc, nh t thip v cc ca k lc thng rt vt v, sau khi ta qua i, cho h i ng Tc, khng c ngc i h (t thip, k nhn ca ta c i vt v, h i ng Tc, i i chu o). Nhng hng phn cn tha, th chia ra, khng dng cng t, trnh lng ph. Ngi cc phng nu cn ri th cho h v may, bn giy c em bn v.v mt thi mt hi na. Mt s ngi i sau xem thng chuyn ny. Lc C ngi thi Tn trong iu Ngy V vn ch Tho Tnh cm st mt, lu luyn ni khu phng, Thng v cn tic nui, sau cng mi dn d. T ng Pha chng khch kh g, bt k l ai, ch cn khng s khi lm nn, ti ci trc ci cht mi xng l anh hng. Nh Tho, trc lc cht cn khc lc lu luyn th thip, chia hng bn dp l th no? V vy, T ng Pha ni tot lun: Bnh sinh gian di, lc cht mi tht. trong Khng Bc Hi tn rt r rng: ng thy To Tho lc thng, gi tr, ra v ta y anh hng ho kit m nhm, thc cht l k gian hng, ti lc cht mi thi ui. T ng Pha l ngi ti rt thch, nhng vi li bn trn, ti khng dm ng tnh. To Tho bnh cht, khng b li ra cht u ngoi php trng, vy ng mun ngi ta lm nn khng s nh th no? To Tho khng ku tri ku t, khc lc khng mun cht, sao khng phi l anh hng? Ngi xa ni: Khng khi xng vo ci cht, d; ung dung cht v ngha ln, kh. To Tho tuy khng cht v ngha ln, nhng cht mt cch ung dung. C th sp xp nhiu vic hu s, l biu hin ca ung dung. ng vy, so vi my li khng khi, ho hng trc lc cht ca nhiu nhn vt anh hng th bn Di lnh ca To Tho chng anh hng cht no, ging ht nh my li ca ngi dn bnh thng, chng ra g. Nhng ti cho rng mi tht l To Tho. To Tho l con ngi, khng phi l thn. Tho vn l mt ngi bnh thng, khng phi (cng khng mun) l thnh nhn siu phm thot tc. Hn na, vi thn

18

phn a v nh vy m dm cng khai bc l ci phm phu tc t ra ngoi, khng che che giu giu, ra v ta y, th l ch hn ngi, l bn sc anh hng ca To Tho: Ta l ngi tc, cc ngi s th no y? Ta ngh sao ni vy, thch g lm ny, cc ngi s th no y? Theo ti, so vi nhng bn Di chc y ging quan li, y khu hiu chnh tr th Di lnh ca To Tho, chn tht hn nhiu, ng qu hn nhiu. Ngc li, T ng Pha gii giang, t nhiu li ui l k dung tc. ng nhin, T ng Pha ni cng ng: Bnh sinh gian di, lc cht mi tht. C iu gia chng ta v T, s hiu bit v nh gi v chn tnh khng ging nhau. Theo ti, l nhn tnh. To Tho khng phi c my git ngi hoc ph hiu chnh tr. To Tho l ngi, mt ngi c mu, tht, c t tng, tnh cm. Nu ni, lc thng v nhu cu u tranh chnh tr, to Tho khng th khng che du ni tm ca mnh (tc l bnh sinh gian di), vy, trc lc cht, cn g phi ghen t na (tc l lc cht mi thc). Chim sp cht, ting ku ai on; ngi sp cht, li ni mi tht. Li tht trc lc lm chung ca To Tho ni ln s quyn luyn vi cuc sng, tnh thng nh nhng ngi thn. To Tho ng l nhi n tnh trng. To Tho nam chinh bc chin, c i trn lng nga, cuc sng thng ngy vi gia nh khng nhiu, nn gn gi nhiu tnh cm c bit vi ngi thn. Theo ch dn Ngy lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch Hu phi truyn, trc lc lm chung To Tho cn ni, c i ta lm nhng vic khng h phi hi hn, ta cha khng phi vi ai, duy c mt vic khi xung cu tuyn, nu T Tu n i m, ta khng bit phi tr li ra sao. T Tu l to Ngang, con c ca Tho. Sinh mu To Ngang l Lu phu nhn mt sm, To Ngang c inh phu nhn ngi khng sinh n c, nui dng. inh phu nhn coi Ngang nh con . V sau To Ngang cht trn, inh phu nhn khc lc thm thit, va khc va chi, cn trch mc Tho: Con thip b git, ng chng quan tm g. To Tho bc bi, sai a h inh v nh ngoi. Cho nn trc lc qua i, To Tho ni nh vy. Thc ra th To Tho cng lm ht sc mnh, n nh ngoi n inh phu nhn v. inh phu nhn ngi yn trn khung ci dt vi, khng h quan tm. To Tho n bn, tay ln lng inh phu nhn, ging ni nh nhng: Chng ta cng ngi xe v nh c khng? inh phu nhn khng mng tr li. To Tho ra n ca cn quay li hi: Cng ta v, c khng? inh phu nhn vn khng ch n To Tho. Tho nh phi chia tay. Vi tnh nng ny, bo ngc, hung hn, To Tho lm c nh vy thc khng n gin. Hn na, To Tho khng mun inh phu nhn ga ba khi chng cn sng, bng lng inh phu nhn ci gi. inh phu nhn khng chu, cha m phu nhn cng khng dm. ng nhin l khng dm. D c dm g th cng chng ai dm ly. Nhng To Tho cng tr mt khng nhn ngi. Nh vic Ha Du t tm n ci cht. Ha Du cy mnh l cng thn, l bn c, nn khng my tn knh v khch

19

so vi To Tho, thng vn ci a vi To Tho trc mt mi ngi, cn thng ro tn tc ca Tho: A Man , khng c ta, ng ng hng ly c K chu. B ngoi, Tho vui ci, ni: ng, ng, nhng trong bng th hn n chy gan chy rut. Sau ny To Tho cng ph Nghip Thnh, Ha Du li ch vo cng thnh ni vi ngi bn cnh To Tho: anh chng ny nu khng c ta th khng i qua c cng ny! n y th To Tho khng nhn c na. nm Quan , To Tho nguy khn mt sm mt chiu, mi nhn nhn tnh phng tng ca Ha Du, cn nay th khng nht thit phi th. To Tho ly lun mng ca Ha Du. Hai cu chuyn k trn khng c trong Tam quc ch, c trong li ch thch ca Bi Tng Chi. Cu chuyn trc c Bi Tng Chi ch thch trong Hu phi truyn, chuyn sau c trong Thi Dim truyn. Nhng tt c nhng ci u c trong cun Ngy lc do Ng Hon ngi nc Ngy tuyn. R rng, cng trong mt cun sch, To Tho mang hai hnh tng. Thc ra cn c nhng chuyn kh hiu hn na. Ha Du l n nhn ca To Tho, nhng b To Tho git; mt s ngi khc cng kch To Tho cn c c hn, nhng c th. Ti trn chin Quan , Trn Lm tho hch vn cho Vin Thiu. Hch vn mng chi To Tho n ti tm mt mi. Bi Tng Chi ch thch bi hch trong Vin Thiu truyn. M cc v tm c, bi hch tht tuyt vi. Sau khi Vin Thiu bi trn, Trn Lm b bt, v To Tho cng ch ni c mt cu: Mun chi th chi mnh ta l , sao cn chi c t tin ba i? Trn Lm t ti ni, tn t ln cung khng th khng bn. To Tho cho qua, cn b nhim Trn Lm l T Khng qun mu t tu. Vic ny c ghi trong Tam quc ch. Trn Lm truyn, khng c trong d s, nn tin tng c. Cn c nhng ngi phn li To Tho, cng c th. Ngy Chng l ngi thn tn nht ca To Tho. Khi Trng Mc lm phn, rt nhiu ngi tr gio chy theo Mc, Tho vn rt t tin: Ch c Ngy Chng l khng phn ta. Ai ng Ngy Chng cng chy theo Trng Mc. To Tho tc n ln rut: Gii lm Ngy Chng! C chy ln gii xung t g ta cng khng tha cho ngi! Nhng khi Ngy Chng b bt, To Tho ch th di ni, Ngy Chng l nhn ti y! Li b nhim Ngy Chng l Thi th H Ni. M, em trai, v, con gi Tt kham b Trng Mc bt, To Tho ni, lnh ng cn bn Trng Mc, hy sang bn i! Tt Kham khu u ni, khng bao gi c bng khc. To Tho cm ng n ri l. No ng Tt Kham va quay ngi, qun c cho hi, phn To, chy lun sang vi Trng Mc, v sau khi Tt Kham b bt, ai cng bo chuyn ny hn cht l chc! No ng To Tho ch ni: Ngi tn hiu th khng tn trung c sao? y chnh l ngi m ta ang tm kim! V khng tr ti, cn Tt Kham n Khc Ph - qu ca Khng phu t, lm L quc tng. Hai truyn ny ghi trong bn chnh Tam quc ch V k, c th tin c.

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i vi bn b phn li mnh, To Tho cng rt coi trng tnh cm lc trc. Trn Cung v To Thp c mt thi gian i li gn b. Nh cng lao ca Trn Cung, To Tho mi c l Duyn chu mc. V sau Trn Cung li ra sc gip L B nh To Tho, sau ny khi b bt li quyt khng u hng. To Tho lin gi tn cng cm ca Trn Cung: Cng i cht khng ng ngi, nhng m s ra sao! Trn Cung th di ni: Trn m nghe ni ngi ly hiu c cai tr thin h khng bao gi git ngi thn k khc, m gi sng hay cht do cha cng quyt nh. To Tho hi tip: Th cn con v v cu th sao? Trn Cung li p: Nghe ni ngi cai tr thin h bng nhn chnh khng lm ngi khc phi tuyt hu, v con sng hay cht u do cha cng bit nn lm th no. Ni xong, khng h nhn li, i thng ra php trng. To Tho ri l, nhn theo a tin. Sau khi Trn Cung cht, To Tho trng nom m gi, lo g chng cho con gi ca Trn Cung, i i cn kh hn khi xa. Trong Tam quc ch khng c chuyn Trn Cung, truyn ny c ghi trong L B truyn, Bi Tng Chi lc ch dn in lc, ni rt r. Xem ra, To tho l ngi khoan dung i lng. Nhng, con ngi khoan ha i lng , tm a li hp hi, y toan tnh, c th phi tr bt k th on. To Tho dm git tt c, v cng c th git c tt c. Theo ch dn To Man truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch V k, nm Duyn chu, To Tho git Bin Nhng mt danh s by gi. Bin Nhng ngi Trn Lu, bc hc a ti, tng vit cun Chng hoa i v c ph bin rng khp. i tng qun H Tin tng c li mi, cc danh s nh Si Ung, Khng Dung, Vng Lng u ra sc tin c. bn thn Bin Nhng tng l Thi th Cu Giang, sau t quan v qu. Bin Nhng l danh s, t nhin s xem thng To Tho, ngi c hon quan nui dng, c th c li ni nhc m, bt knh v cho rng To Tho s chng dm lm g vi mt danh s nh mnh. No ng, lc ny To Tho tuy cha l Tha tng, trong bng cn c phn e ngi, nhng dm git Bin Nhng v c nh Bin Nhng. Bi tng Vin Trung v Hon Thiu ngi t Bi u coi thng To Tho. Sau khi Bin Nhng b git, hai ngi chy n Giao chu, ngi thn u ri vo ming cp. V sau Hon Thiu ra u th, qu trc mt To Tho m cu xin, ging To Tho tr nn hn hc: tng qu l min c ti cht sao? Tt nhin khng th. Kt qu Hon Thiu b li ra chm u. Vic To Tho lm c nh hng xu, c nhng cuc phn lon, v sau ngi i cn bn lun tip. Phn trc ni ti Trn Cung, cng v Bin Nhng cht nn Trn Cung mi chy sang vi L B. C c bi hc ln ny, c c quan tc cao hn, d tm cng ln hn, dn dn Tho hiu rng phi toan tnh hn, khoan ha rng lng hn, lc bo th cng khng nn qu mc, Nhng bo th vn nn bo th, ghen t vn nn ghen t. Cho d l bn c cng khng ngoi l. Nh Lu Khu t T B, tnh tnh n ha, tr dng song ton, theo chn To Tho, lp nhiu cng ln, To Tho thng cm than (k ca T B, ta theo khng kp), nhng ri cng git T B. Ci cht

21

ca T B, Ha Du v Khng Dung u c ghi li ch thch Tam quc ch Thi Dim truyn ca Bi Tng Chi, c gi c th xem li. l To Tho. Trong lch s, Tho l ngi tnh cch phc tp nht, hnh tng a dng nht. To Tho thng minh tt nh, nhng cng xun ngc ht ch ni; gian tr gio hot, nhng li thng thn chn thnh; phng khong rng ri, nhng li nghi thn nghi qu; khoan ha i lng, nhng tm i hp hi. C th ni l phong thi i gia, mt mi tiu nhn, anh hng ci th, tnh cm n nhi, tnh nng dim vng, bng d b tt. Xem ra c my b mt ha quyn trong con ngi To Tho, khng h c mu thun v mi l k tch. Thc t To Tho l chn thc, c bn sc. D l gian tr, gio hot, tn nhn, bo ngc nhng u biu hin ung dung t ti, phng khong rng ri, chn thnh thn nhin. chnh l mt loi i kh. Anh hng ln mi bn sc, danh s tht mi phong lu. T gc , To Tho l anh hng v l i anh hng. C iu, v anh hng li rt gian tr, v vy cng c th gi l gian hng, tc l anh hng ca gian tr. Trong lch s, nh gi To Tho (l anh hng, gian hng, gian tc), u phi ni ti hai ch gian v hng. C ngi nhn mnh ch gian, c ngi nhn mnh ch hng, cng c ngi ni To Tho va gian va hng. Nn theo ti, To Tho l gian hng, c iu, nn thm vo sau ba ch tht ng yu. Vy, To Tho l gian hng tht ng yu sao? Tp th hai: CU GIAN HNG L ngi c tnh cch phc tp nht, hnh tng a dng nht trong lch s, To Tho l chn thc, c bn sc. V c bn sc nn To Tho mi thnh anh hng v l i anh hng. C iu, ngi i anh hng ny ng thi cn c coi l i gian hng. tp trc chng ta ni To Tho l gian hng tht ng yu. Vy, To Tho l gian hng chng? L gian hng, c ng yu khng? tp trc, chng ta c kt lun: To Tho l gian hng tht ng yu. y, chng ta phn tch kt lun ny. Trc ni, gian hng sau ni ng yu. Gian hng l ngi gian m hng. Nh Nghim Tung, ma ma qu qu, ln ln lt lt, gian m khng hng, nn ch c th l gian tc; nh ng Trc, honh hnh b o, ngang ngc lm ba, hng m khng gian, ch c th gi l kiu hng. C nhiu cch gii thch v kiu hng. Kiu, l chim ng u mo, dn ra ch th lnh, khi th, hng trng, nh dim kiu, c kiu; dn ra ch kiu dng, ho hng, ngo mn khng theo, nh kiu k, kiu tng. Cho nn, trong Hin i Hn ng t in gii thch kiu hng l nhn vt mnh m c d tm; l nhn vt tr dng kit xut; khi th. L Tc ni Lu B l kiu hng thin h (Tam quc ch L Tc

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truyn), Hong Quyn ni Lu B c kiu danh (Hu Hn th Lu Yn truyn), h u nhn ra Lu B l nhn vt tr dng kit xut, l kiu dng, ho hng, ngo mn khng theo; v chng ta coi ng Trc l kiu hng, l mnh m v c d tm. Kiu hng l mnh m v c d tm, gian tc l gian gio v c tc tm, gian hng l gian gio c hng tm. Ngi gian hng, va gian tr va ho hng. Phi chng To Tho ng l mt nhn vt nh vy? ng. T b To Tho gian gio. Tho xut thn khng tt, gia gio khng hay, biu hin thu nh cng khng tt. To Tho, t Mnh c, tn cng cm A Man, cn gi l Ct Li, ngi huyn Tiu nc Bi (nay l th trn Ho Chu, An Huy). Tam quc ch ca Trn Th ni To Tho l i sau ca To Tham tng qun thi ty Hn, khng ng nh vy. Tho vn khng phi h To, nhng l h To v To Tung cha To Tho c To ng nui dng. To Tung v To ng khng h c quan h huyt thng, cho d chng minh c To ng l i sau ca To Tham, nhng nh vy cng chng lin quan g n To Tho. Thc t th cha m ca To Tung l ai vn l mt cu , ngay n Trn Th cng ch bit ni cha th bit c dng di th no Bn thn To Tho cng che du kn o. Khi vit Gia truyn, To Tho t xng l i sau ca To thc Chn c, ri truy ngc ln tn ch Chu Vn vng, nh vy li cng sai. Nhng nhng nm cui thi ng Hn, trn x hi v trong quan trng u ht sc coi trng mn v xut thn, To Tho tuy chn ght cung cch ny, nhng xut pht t nhu cu chnh tr nn vn phi liu lnh t cao mn h. Thc t, To Tho ra i v trng thnh trong mt gia nh hon quan. To Tung l cha To Tho, l con nui ca To ng. Thi To ng l i hon quan c ting, c phong Ph nh hu, l i trng thu. i trng thu l i quan trong hon quan, trt hai ngn thch, nh ngy nay l cp tnh b. To ng l mt trong s hon quan kho ng c x, c quan h tng i tt vi s nhn. To ng tng lm mt s vic chng p g, nhng cng lm c mt s vic ln vic tt, v vy trong Hu Hn th c truyn ca To ng. Nhng d g i na th To Tho vn l con ca con nui hon quan. Thi , nh vy l xut thn khng tt. Nhng gia cnh th tt, t ra cng khng thiu tin tiu. To Tung, cha ca To Tho, quan n thi y (v danh ngha l chc quan qun s cao nht c nc), phi mt gn triu ng mi mua c chc quan . Nh To Tho c tin, lc nh, cuc sng ca To Tho l cuc sng ca con nh giu sang. C th To Tho khng c c s gio dc ca gia nh n ni n chn. To Tung t khi hi n con ci. To Tho tng c cu: khng tam t gio, chng nghe qu nh li. M thy Mnh T mun con mnh c hon cnh tt, khng b nh hng bi hon cnh xu, phi di nh ba ln gi l tam t. Khng T thy con hai ln i qua sn, th u gi li gio dc, ln th nht bo hc Thi, ln th hai bo hc L,

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gi l qu inh. Nhng vic nh vy khng h c gia nh To Tho. Xem ra lc cn nh, To Tho khng c dy d. Cha m khng dy d, gia cnh li kh, To Tho tr thnh mt a tr c vn . Theo ch dn To Man truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch, To Tho lc nh thng Nh ng bay ch chy, phng tng v . Ngi ch thy kh chu, lin nhc nh, mong To Tung lu tm n con ci. To Tho bit vy, c ngay qu k i ph vi ngi ch ri hi, hay xen vo chuyn ngi khc. Mt hm, t xa thy ngi ch i li, Tho v nh ngi b mo mm ngoo c. Ch hi nguyn c, Tho ni mnh b trng phong. Ngi ch lin bo ngay vi To Tung. K hi To Tung gp Tho th khng thy c chuyn g. Nhn Tho ni lun, con u c trng phong! Chng qua v ch khng thch con, nn hay ni xu con. C c cu chuyn Si n ri lm vt m, ngi ch c ni g na th To Tung u khng tin, Tho cng c th, quy ph ba bi. Vin Thiu v Trng Mc l bn b thn thit vi To Tho, c l cng cng loi. H thng t tp quy ph, lm vic, vic g cng ra v. Th thuyt tn ng ca Lm Xuyn vng Lu Ngha Khnh Nam triu thi Tng ni, mt ln c m kt hn, Tho v Thiu ra xem, v t nhin c mun cp du. H lin trn vo trong vn nh , ch lc tri ti mt mi ku m ln: C cp! Nhng ngi tham d hn l lin chy ht ra ngoi, nhn lc mi ngi ln xn, Tho vo ng phng cp du. Trong lc vi v chy nhm ng, Vin Thiu ri vo bi cy y gai, khng sao dy ni. Trong lc nguy cp, Tho sinh k v ku m ln: gic y ri! Vin Thiu s qu, gng mnh chy thot. R rng lc nh, To Tho l mt cng t in hnh, chi bi lu lng, khng lo hc hnh, lun c qu k v ngh xu xa. y ni ln ci g? Ni r, Tho l a tr ngang bng kh bo, v php v tc, gian gio xo tr, qu k a oan. Cho nn Tam quc ch ni Tho c tr nhy bn, ng bin, chi bi phng ng, khng lo hc hnh, v vy nhiu ngi khng coi Tho ra g (ngi i xem thng), thm ch cn mit th Tho, (coi thng nhn cch ca Tho). Danh s Tng Th Lm ngi Nam Dng, t cho mnh c ch ca tng bch kin quyt khng i li vi To Tho (xem Th thuyt tn ng - Phng chnh). Nhng thi y Kiu Huyn thi li l ngi v cng xem trng To Tho. Kiu Huyn cho rng, Tho l nhn ti him c, bnh nh thin h sau ny phi nh c vo Tho, cn a v con sang gi ch To Tho. Kiu Huyn ni: Thin h tt lon, khng c ti ci th, khng tr c. Ngi an c lon ch l ngi vy!. To Tho khng phi loi lu manh tm thng hoc con nh giu sang ni chung, nn li ni trn ng tin cy v c l, c ghi trong chnh vn Tam quc ch. D ng tp ng ca Tn Thnh ni, Tho ti v hn ngi, kh c th hi, tinh thng s sch, gii hn v binh php. Mt ln i hnh thch Trng Nhng, Tho ma kch trong tay m rt.

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iu ni r, To Tho l ngi m p ch ln, hng tm mnh m. hng tm mnh m li gian tr xo quyt, nn rt ph hp vi nh ngha gian hng. Vy To Tho t ngh mnh nh th no? Bn thn To Tho gn nh ng vi li bnh l gian hng. l li bnh ca Ha Thiu, do li ngh ca Kiu Huyn, To Tho v Ha Thiu i li vi nhau. Ha Thiu t T Tng, ngi Bnh Hng, Nh Nam, l nh gim thng, nh bnh lun ni ting nht thi . Thng th mng mt hng thng, Ha Thiu c bi bnh v nhn vt, gi l Nguyt n bnh, cn l Nh Nam nguyt n bnh. Bt lun l ai, mt khi c bnh th thn gi ln ln gp bi, tr thnh tng lp trn ca x hi. To Tho cng mun c Ha Thiu bnh phm tt hn. Nhng khng hiu v To Tho kh bnh hay v thin c bt kh l, To Tho c cu xin n my, Ha Thiu vn khng chu bnh. Cui cng th Ha Thiu b To Tho bc bch qu, nh phi tht thnh li: ng , ng l nng thn thi bnh, gian hng thi lon. Ti liu ny khng c trong Tam quc ch, ch thy trong li ch thch ca Bi Tng Chi c dn D ng tp ng ca Tn Thnh. K thc vic ny u c ghi trong Hu Hn th v Th thuyt tn ng, nhng li l li khc nhau. Hu Hn th ni, gian tc thi bnh, anh hng thi lon; Th thuyt tn ng ni: anh hng thi lon, gian tc tr th v cho l li ca Kiu Huyn. t ca hai cu ny l gn nh nhau, cch ni trong D ng tp ng ca Tn Thnh th ngc li, vy li no ng tin hn? To Tho bnh truyn ca ngi Trng Tc Diu cho rng Hu Hn th ni thc, cch ni trong D ng tp ng ca Tn Thnh sa i. Ngi Trng ng nhin l c l ca ngi Trng, nhng vn l: Tn Thnh tc gi ca D ng tp ng l ngi Tn, Phm Hoa tc gi Hu Hn th l ngi Nam triu Tng, nhng khng bit cun D ng tp ng c sa i th no tr thnh Hu Hn th? Ngoi ra, Bi Tng Chi v Phm Hoa cn l ngi cng thi. Li ch thch Tam quc ch ca Bi Tng Chi hon thnh vo thi Tng Vn nin hiu Nguyn Gia nm th VI (nm 429). Hu Hn th ca Phm Hoa m u t Tng Vn nin hiu Nguyn Gia nm u (nm 424), thi gian cch nhau khng nhiu. Bi Tng Chi li khng s dng cch ni ca Phm Hoa m dng cch ni trong D ng tp ng ca Tn Thnh, v kin vn chng ny khng bit nn x th no? Thc t th, D ng tp ng ca Tn Thnh cng c, Hu Hn th v Th thuyt tn ng cng c, c th u l nhng iu nghe thy. ng cho rng nhng iu ghi trong s sch l ng tin c, c khi nhng iu ghi trong chnh s cng cha tin c. Trong cun Tam quc s thoi ca ngi L T Min, mt bc thy trong mn s hc, c s dng ti liu trong nhiu s sch, trong c cun Tam quc ch th sau cng bao gi cng c mt cu: li ny e cha tin c, cha hn y l s thc hoc iu ny cng thuc loi gn ghp t v v sau. Nh Tam quc ch v Hu Hn th u ni To Tho nh o Khim l tr th cho cha, nhng L tin sinh li ni,

25

ni vy l khng chnh xc. C nhiu ch l nh vy. Ngi L cho chng ta hay: Nhng iu trong s hoc truyn ming, nhn chung ch l ci b ngoi, c lc ci b ngoi cng cha tin c, chng ta lun phi ly tnh m suy on, kho chng, gii thch. Nhng s vic khc nhau trong Tam quc ch v Hu Hn th cn phi nh du hi, nhng cu ni khc nhau phi c phn bit. Tic l c nhng im chng ta khng sao lm sng t c. C kh nng Bi Tng Chi c l. Trc ht hy xem lc dn D ng tp ng ca Tn Thnh, Bi Tng Chi ni th no. T nhng c trng trong c tnh ca Tho, nhng g Tho ngh lm, Tn Thnh ni Tho ti v hn ngi, kh c th hi, tinh thng s sch, gii hn v binh php, sau cn k chuyn Tho sao chp binh php, ch thch binh th. Ni ht mi iu, mi ni n li bnh ca Ha Thiu nng thn thi bnh, gian hng thi lon. Hn na, Tn Thnh cn ghi li phn ng khi ca To Tho Thi t ci ln. Chng ta u bit, D ng tp ng ca Tn Thnh khng ch ca ngi cng c m cn bc trn c nhng iu khng hay ca To Tho. V vy c th khng nh cun sch ny l mt phn ca To Tho, c th tin tng c. Nhng n Tam quc din ngha th my li khng cn l vt m nh trc y. Thi t ci ln cng bin thnh Tho nghe m thch qu. Sa i nh vy l qu nng cn. C ngi ni, cch ni trong Hu Hn th l tng t, l Tho thch qu m i. Thch v vui khng khc nhau l my, l no Hu Hn th, mt trong bn cun s trc y li nng cn nh vy? Ti ni Tam quc din ngha nng cn, Hu Hn th khng nng cn. V sao th? V li Ha Thiu ghi trong hai cun sch khng ging nhau, hon cnh ni cng khc nhau. u phi l li ni cng mt lc? Chng ta xem Hu Hn th ni nhng g. Hu Hn th Ha Thiu truyn ni: Lc u Tho thng ni kho dng l, momg c ch . Thiu khinh r nn khng p. Tho tm cch bc Thiu, Thiu buc phi ni ngi l gian tc thi bnh, l anh hng thi lon Tho vui qu m i. Khng cn g r rng hn. Trc ht, To Tho hy vng c Ha Thiu bnh phm mnh, mong c ni ting hn, v vy mi tip n, tng l vt, ni ngon ni ngt (ni kho a l, mong c lu tm). Tic l Ha Thiu vn xem thng Tho, nn khng theo (khinh r nn khng p). To Tho khng cn cch no khc, nh gi th on (uy hip Thiu), buc Ha Thiu phi ni thnh li. C th lc Ha Thiu rt kh ngh. Khng ni khng c, v b Tho uy hip. Ni kh nghe cng khng c, Tho s khng tha. Ni khc vi thc t cng khng xong, khng th vt b ting tm hc thut ca nh ph bnh, nn mi ni gian tc thi bnh, anh hng thi lon. C hai ch gian tc ngi ght To Tho s hi lng. C hai ch anh hng chc To Tho s va . Hung chi, kh nng thi bnh l rt t, c nhiu kh nng l anh hng thi lon, c v hp vi nguyn vng ca Tho, nn mi

26

vui qu m i. Cho nn Hu Hn th khng h nng cn; v ng qun rng lc Ha Thiu ang b uy hip nh th no. Nhng Tam quc din ngha li lc b cnh ng , v s dng cch ni ca Tn Thnh nng thn thi bnh gian hng thi lon, cn i ci ln thnh vui ln. Vui ln c ngha l vui mng, vui mng phn chn lm gian hng, nh l To Tho quyt ch tr thnh gian hng . iu l khng ng, l nng cn. Bi trn th gian ny chng c ai t b quyt ch lm gian hng, b bc qu mi thnh gian hng. Vo thi bnh l nng thn; vo thi lon l gian hng. ng nhin nng thn thi bnh gian hng thi lon, c th gii thch l nng thn tr l thin h, gian thn nhiu lon thin h. Nh vy, gian hay khng phi xem nguyn vng ch quan ca To Tho. Hin nhin, Ha Thiu nhn thy nhn vt ny. Cn vic tr thnh nng thn hay tr thnh gian hng cn phi xem xem To Tho vo lc tr th hay lon th hoc phi xem xem To Tho mun tr an thin h hay mun nhiu lon thin h. Phn tch, hm ngha hai ch ci ln ca To Tho tr nn phc tp hn nhiu. 1 sao ti c th l nng thn thi bnh, gian hng thi lon th y? Thc bun ci! 2 L nng thn thi bnh c nhin l mun ri, cn khng, l gian hng thi lon cng tt. 3 Ti mun l nng thn c th tr thnh nng thn, mun l gian hng c th l gian hng, th th tt qu! Ngc li, nht nh To Tho mun thnh mt nhn vt, cn l nng thn hay gian hng, khng thnh vn ! Thc t, khng thnh vn chnh l mt loi i kh, mt loi tnh cch phng khong bt k sng cht thnh bi, tin thoi vinh nhc, mt loi bn sc anh hng tiu ngo giang h, t lm t chu. To Tho ng l i kh. c vn, th ca To Tho lun cn thy kh th anh hng, D l mt chng ngn vi nhng thch th c nhn, vui bun h n, nhng lun c i kh, khng th tc. Nht l bi Quan thng hi, v cng kh th: ng n Kit Thch, nhn ra bin khi. Nc lng l tri, sn o sng sng. Cy ci xanh ti, hoa c rm rp. Gi thu lnh lng, sng hng cun cun. Ngy thng tri qua, nh ra t ; sao Hn sn ln, t m ra. Nhng bi th nh th ny, phi l mt tay bt gii mi lm c, Chung Vanh ni: To cng xa nay vn c nhng cu thc th thm. Ngoi li ca Lu Hip: do lon li chng cht qu nhiu, phong tc suy i, c tm cao nt bt khe, nn mi cm khi v y kh th, nhng tnh cm th thm cn lin quan n t duy trit hc v nhn sinh v tr ca To Tho. Cui cng th To Tho l anh hng thi lon, To Tho nhn thy, ngh ti nhiu hn ai ht v nhng sinh mnh b hy dit. t nhiu To Tho quan tm, thng cm nn mi xc ng nh vy. C th v thu hiu v nhn sinh v tr, nn bao gi To Tho cng ti ci vui v trc nhng kh khn vt v, nhng khc mc him hc. Nu c li Tam quc ch V k chng ta lun thy nhng ch nh ci, ci ni, Thi t ci ln. n g nhin, To Tho c nhiu cch ci. Ci m ln, ci thoi mi, xt xa m gng

27

ci, ci vui, ci chm bim, ci nht, thm ch l ci nht y st kh. R rng l To Tho lun lun ci. Tt nhin, cng c lc To Tho khc. Khi chin hu qua i , bn b, ngi thn qua i, To Tho go khc. Nhng nu lm sai chuyn g, hay thua trn, b ngi khc lm nhc, th khng bao gi To Tho khc, m ch ci. Bi v To Tho l ngi vui v khong t, c bn sc anh hng, mt ngi tnh tnh bnh thng. Vi bn sc , To Tho t ch c bnh l gian hng c thm nhiu iu ng yu. Trong sinh hot, To Tho rt ng yu, Tho thng mc o la mng, lng tht ai da, tay cm my th lt vt nh khn lau mt, c lc cn i m thng bng la tip khch. Lc ni chuyn vi mi ngi lun thoi mi, ngh g ni ny, mun ni g th ni lun. Ni n ch vui th ci ngt ngho, u gc xung khay tr, m tc t ht. Nhng tnh tit ny c cun To Man truyn, khng my thin ch vi To Tho, cung cp cho chng ta, vi l chp m To Tho, cho l d di khng uy quyn (xem nh). Nhng qua ti li thy, To Tho l ngi vui tnh thng thn, phng khong v ha hp. To Tho ng l vui tnh. To Tho thch ni vui, ngay c khi c vic nghim chnh. Tam quc ch Mao Gii truyn cho hay, vo nm Kin An th XVII, lc ci cch c cu, c ngi yu cu phn chia ng To, c trch ng To duyn Mao Gii nng v l nh v tnh. To Tho tr li su sc v rt vui: mt tri mc ng ng, trng sng t hng ng. ng ty, ng ty, ngi ta lun ni ng trc ri mi n ty, v sao phi phn chia ng To? Kt qu, phn chia Ty To. Nh vy, c cu c ci t v Mao Gii c bo v. Trn chin trng To Tho cng rt ng yu. Theo ch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch V k, nm Kin An th XVI, lc To Tho ty chinh M Siu, Hn Toi trn chin trng To Tho gp Hn Toi. Binh lnh ca Hn Toi nghe tin c To Tho ginh nhau, rn c ra nhn. Tho lin ni to: cc ngi mun xem To Tho phi khng? Ni cc ngi hay, ta cng nh cc ngi, cng l con ngi, khng c bn mt, hai ming, ch hn mt cht l tr tu! Li ni rt tht, rt ng yu v cng rt thoi mi. To Tho cn l mt ngi bn ng yu hn. To Tho thch ni vui, v cng l ngi bn thch ni vui. Thi y Kiu Huyn l ngi hiu bit To Tho sm nht, c coi l bn vong nin vi To Tho. Theo ch thch Tam quc ch V k ca Bi Tng Chi, trong vn t Kiu Huyn ca To Tho c mt cu, nm Kiu lo cng ta ung dung th bi: Sau khi ta qua i, lc ngang qua m ta, nu khng c mt bnh ru, mt con g vo l, th lc xe i c ba bc nu c au bng th ng trch. So vi li iu ca cc quan th bi vn t ny rt ng yu, v tnh cm, chn thc hn nhiu.

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To Tho ni thc l iu rt ng yu nhng ng thi cng l iu m mi ngi cm hn. Trong u tranh chnh tr, bn chi ni quan trng, trnh sao khi phi gi di, t ra cng l li ni trong chn quan trng, hung chi Tho li l gian hng. Nhng ch cn c iu kin l Tho ni tht, hoc gn nh tht, khng c v g l quan cch. Nhng huyn t minh bn ch lnh (Cn gi l Thut ch lnh) vn l bi chnh tr cc k quan trng, xng ng vi bn ch cng lnh chnh tr, nhng li vit rt tht, rt r rng, khng h quan cch. M u Tho ni, c nhn ti vn chng c hng tm trng kh g. V ti bit, mnh xut thn khng tt, chng ni ting gh gm g, cn s b xem thng. V vy ch mun l qun th, theo ng chnh gio, kin danh lp nghip, mong c bit n. V sau t nc gp nn, nam t hn phi ra sc v t nc, lp cng dng nghip, ti cm qun ra trn, c lm Chinh ty tng qun, chng cao xa g, khi cht c c hng ch m ca To Tho, c Hn Chinh ty tng qun khc ln bia trc m, th l mn nguyn. Nhng d l lc ny, ti cng khng mun c nhiu qun. Bi v thc lc cng mnh th k th cng nhiu! Cho nn c thng mt ln l ti l i gim qun i mt ln, iu ni ln ci g? Ni rng, ch hng ti c mc ( ch c hn). Nhng ti cng khng ng, sao lc ny ti ni nh ni m. D tm cng ln hn mt cht. Ti mun lm g y? Ti mun l T Hon cng, Tn Vn cng. V lc ny thin h i lon, ch hu ct c. Ti ch mun xng b, khng mun xng . Lc ny ti l Tha tng triu i Hn. L nhn thn cao qu, ti cc im, ti va lng, ht mi tham vng. Nhng ti cn ngi v tr ny. V sao vy? V, mt khi t nc khng c ti, liu s c my ngi xng , my ngi xng vng. Nu khng c To m ny trn y th s k bt nho kia l no li khng lt? C ngi ni, To Tho ti thnh cng th nn lui i, nn v hu quc t phong m an hng tui gi, nn giao chc v v quyn lc cho ngi khc. Xin li, khng c! Chc v ti s khng t, quyn lc ti s khng giao. V sao vy? E lc ri qun th ngi s gp nn. Ai m chng hiu, lc ny binh quyn cn trong tay mi c c quyn uy nht h bch ng. Mt khi giao ht th liu cc ngi c hi ti khng? Ti lc th v con ti s khng c bo v, hong thng cng khng c an ton. Va l k cho con chu, nu bi th t nc s nghing ng, v vy khng bao gi ti giao quyn. Cn nh t ai m hong thng phong cho kia ti khng cn. Cn nhiu t ai nh vy lm g? Ti c th nhng tt. Tm li, khi giang h cn cha yn, khng th nhng chc v; cn nh p t, c th t chi. Th gi l khng th m h danh m chuc ly ha tht. Nhng li trn l ht sc r rng chn thc, r rng chn thc khng cn g ni. Bo ti khng c d tm? Ti c mt t, v d tm ngy cng ln. Bo d tm ca ti rt ln? Ti khng mun lm hong , ti ch mun l Tn Vn cng, T Hon cng, cu hp ch hu, thng nht Trung Quc. Bo ti thanh cao? Ti khng thanh cao, ti rt thc t. Quyn lc ca ti, lc thc ca ti, mt cht ti cng chng nhng. Bo ti khng chu nhng? Ti nhng ch! Nhng th v b c phong cp, t

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ai ny, u hm ny, ti nhng tt. Vy ch ng yu nht l g y? To Tho ni rt r, v sao ti phi c bi ny, v sao phi ni ra nh vy? L mun ngi trong thin h khng cn ni vo u c (mun ngi ta ht li), tt c hy ngm ming li! Cng ch c To Tho, mt gian hng i kh mi ni ra c nhng li nh vy. R rng To Tho l ngi thng minh. Trong thi i ngi ngi u di tr th ni thc l v kh tt nht. khng ch v bn thn li ni thc c sc mnh hng bin, cn v li ni thc m toang chic gng ra khin k ni di khng cn ng rt, v din ca h cng phi khp li. ng nhin, To Tho ni vy khng hon ton l do sch lc u tranh, m l do bn tnh, To Tho thch ni tht, ni li thc. D l ng sau nhng li thc cng c gi, ng sau li chn thnh, lng d cn gi, c nhng iu khng th ni, c che du mt cch rt t nhin, khng li ui. Thm ch l li gi, hoc li na tht na gi, hoc li gi n sau li thc, cng c ni mt cch lu lot, thn nhin, y kh th. C th ni, anh chng To Tho ny, ngay c nhng li ni di cng u l li di tr phng pht c i kh. chnh l To Tho. To Tho i kh, thm trm, phng khong, ho sng, siu thot, nhy bn, ha hp, qu quyt, xo tr, lnh lng, tn nhn, ng l mt nhn vt cc k phong ph, nhiu mt, rt c c tnh, rt bit din. V vy To Tho c mt gian tr v c c mt chn thnh. Gian v thc thng nht vo ch hng, thin v c cng thng nht vo ch hng. Trong nhn tnh ca To Tho c ci c, nn ti khng gi Tho l anh hng m l gian hng. im ny v sau s ni t m hn. C iu, trong c cuc i To Tho c hai cch chn la. Vy, m u Tho mun tr thnh mt gian hng chng? Nu To Tho cng c mun l mt nng thn, v sao sau ny li khng nh vy? Tp th ba: NG CA NNG THN To Tho lc cn tr tng c d on l nng thn thi bnh, gian hng thi lon ng trc cch chn la con ng ca c cuc i; cu bnh gian hng thi lon gn nh thnh kt lun trc lc To Tho nhm mt xui tay. Thc t th To Tho cng mun l nng thn thi bnh. Nhng do nguyn nhn no khin To Tho khng thnh c nh vy; v khi khng thnh nng thn th To Tho lm nhng g? Phn trc ni ti chuyn, mt nhn vt ni ting nht, nh gim thng, nh bnh lun Ha Thiu bnh mt cu v To Tho: nng thn thi bnh, gian hng thi lon. C hai cch hiu v cu ni ny. Trong thi bnh, s l nng thn; trong thi lon, nhiu lon thin h, s l gian hng. Vy, To Tho chn la l nng thn hay chn la l gian hng? Thc ra th To Tho mun l nng thn.

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Vo nm Hn Linh , nin hiu Hi Bnh nm th III (nm 174), nm hai mi tui, Tho c c l hiu lim l quan lang. Hiu l hiu t, lim l lim s. Mt ngi nu c c l hiu lim th c t cch lm quan, ging ngy nay khi c bng cp, c th l vin chc. Vy lm quan lang l lm g? Theo quan ch thi Hn, hong chn mt s ngi tr tui, c o c phm cht, c u c, ngoi hnh tng i kh, con nh thn thch quyn qu cho lm quan lang. Ch lang c hai ngha, mt l tui tr, hai l th v. Quan lang trong cung l lm th v cho hong . To Tho phi ng gc ngoi hnh lang cung vua, nn gi l lang, th v trng gi l lang trung lnh. Lm lang bn hong , c tham d vo chnh tr t nc, tai mt u c rn luyn, nn ai lm lang th nhanh chng c th m nhim nhng chc v khc, y cng l cch thc bi dng quan li thi Hn. V sau th cch chn la khng c k cng nh th, l lang khng nht thit phi l con em cc nh thn thch quyn qu, khng nht thit phi l th v bn cnh hong , vn c t cch v nng lc lm quan, ging nh th i th ba hoc hu b cn b ngy nay. Theo quy ch, mi khi quan lang min nhim, ngi c th c phi i lm quan vin cp huyn, l huyn lnh, huyn tha hoc huyn y. n nhng nm cui thi ng Hn, mi trnh t gn nh khng cn na, mun lm quan phi xem c iu kin hay khng. To Tho c ngi trong triu. ng l To ng c phong Ph nh hu; cha l To Tung quan n Tam cng. V vy To Tho ch lm lang trong mt thi gian ngn ri c phi nhn chc Bc B y Lc Dng. y l chc quan v nm quyn qun s hoc hnh s. Li ch Hn th. Bch quan cng khanh biu ni: gip trn an di gi l y, v quan u l y, cho nn huyn c huyn y, qun c qun y, triu nh c thi y, trung y, nh y, v y. Lc Dng Bc B y l huyn y. Quan ch thi Hn, t huyn ln tr xung c tha c y, tha lo vic dn s, y qun vic tr an. C iu Lc Dng l kinh thi ng Hn, nn l huyn ln nht ca t nc, huyn y khng ch c mt ngi, c ng ty nam bc c bn ngi, bng lc l bn trm thch. V vy To Tho nhn chc Bc B l cc ph cng an cp huyn, mt vng ca kinh . Ngi tin c To Tho vo chc Bc B y Lc Dng l T M Phng, cha ca T M . Ngi ny l Thng th hu tha, ngang vi chc ph b th cng nh. C iu thng th thi k ng Hn, danh ngha l b th, thc cht l t tng. T M Phng tin c, Tho i nhn lnh ngay. Nghe ni lc Tho khng bng lng, Tho c d tm chim chc Lc Dng lnh. Nhng Tuyn b thng th (Tng ng b trng v nhn s) nm quyn b nhim lc l Lng Cc khng ti suy ngh ca To Tho, buc Tho phi nhn lnh. y l chc quan u tin Tho m nhn, nn n tng rt su sc. Theo ch dn To Man truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch V k, sau ny khi c Hn Hin phong l Ngy Vng, To Tho mi T M Phng n Nghip Thnh khon i thnh son. Ru c ba tun, To Tho hi: T M cng, ngi xem xem c

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vng ny cn c th i lm cc ph cng an cp huyn c khng? T M Phng ni, nm lc lo phu tin c i vng Bc B y Lc Dng l rt thch hp! Th l To Tho ci ln. To Tho hi v ci ln, hon ton khng phi l thi ca k tiu nhn c ch. Nhng c cht no gi l dng dng t c hay khng? C. To Tho xa nay khng che du tnh cm ca mnh. Mt khi c ch th ui s vnh ln nh cn c c gi cao. Nhng ln ny, khng ch v c va l Ngy vng, khng ch v c canh cnh trong lng v s sp t ca Lng Cc nm , m cn v va ngh ti mt chuyn c ng nh. Chuyn c c lin quan ti vic To Tho m nhim chc v ny. Chng ta u bit, m ng chc v Bc B y Lc Dng chng d dng g. Cng vic ny quan khng to, quyn khng nhiu nhng trch nhim li rt nng n, khng t phin toi. V di chn thin t, quyn qu rt nhiu. trong s ny my ai ti vng php, my ai khng sinh chuyn th phi, my ai d i ph. Nhng vic tr an kinh thnh li khng th khng duy tr. Mun th, cn phi c mt anh chng va khng tin ma va c cht qu mi m nhim ni chc cc my cng an cp huyn ny. May sao c c To Tho va gian va hng. Cho nn li T M Phng khng hon ton l li ni kho c li cho mnh m l thc s cu th. Thc t th To Tho rt hp vi chc v ny. Va ti nhim s, To Tho tu b li ton b nha mn, cho lm nhiu gy nm mu, hai bn mi ca ln treo mi gy, ai phm iu cm, k c ho cng, b nh n cht. My thng sau qu nhin c ngi n np mng. Hon quan Kin Thc, k c Linh sng tn, c ngi ch, ch cy th chu khng coi lnh cm ca To Tho ra g, cng n hin phm lnh cm i m. To Tho phn minh, lp tc sai qun nh cht bng gy nm mu. ng l git mt rn mi, v vy Kinh s yn tnh, khng ai vi phm, tnh hnh tr an chuyn bin tt, To Tho ni ting trong triu. n nh ca To Tho lm nhiu ngi u c m mm, khng bit thng ranh ny mun lm g. Chng ta u hiu, mt ngi tr tui va bc chn vo chn quan trng c ti vi quyn qu th kt cc chng hay ho g. iu To Tho khng th khng hiu. Kin Thc mt i quyn khuynh triu d, iu ny To Tho cng khng th khng bit. Hung chi, ng ca To Tho cng l thi gim. Chu thi gim git ch thi gim, mi ngi ly lm kh hiu. C iu, truyn ny c ghi trong To Man truyn, cun sch khng my thin cm vi To Tho, nn c coi l thc. Cng c nhiu suy on. C ngi on rng, Tho mun lm iu g kinh ng ti mi ngi. C chng c g khng? C mt cht bng chng. To Tho ni trong Nhng huyn t minh bn ch lnh (cn c tn Thut ch lnh): Ta va nhn hiu lim, tui tr, cha tn tui gh gm g, s mi ngi cho l v dng, v vy,

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mun lm chc qun th, lo ng chnh gio, kin danh lp nghip, c mi ngi bit ti. My li trn c g? To Tho hi tng li lc 20 tui l hiu lim, r rng l qu tr, li cha c ting tm g, s mi ngi coi l k v dng, v vy Tho mun lm mt v quan tt, mun lm vic g kinh thin ng a, mi ngi bit Tho l a c nng lc. ng vy, lc ny To Tho tui cn rt tr, mi hai mi; xut thn chng ra g, sinh trng trong gia nh thi gim; biu hin khng hay, chi bi phng ng; danh ting cha ln, ngi i cha bit ti. Ngay n hnh tng c th cng chng ra g. Chng ta c Tam quc ch ch thy ghi nhng hnh tng p nh Chu Du, nh Gia Ct Lng, cn v To Tho tng mo ra sao, khng h c ch no. Tam quc ch ly Ngy lm chnh thng, nu hnh tng To Tho cao ln khi v, tun t khong t, chc c ghi nhiu. Trnh khng ni ti, e thc t cng chng ra g. Hnh tng To Tho c m t trong s sch khc. Ngy Th Xun Thu ni: V vng t mo ngn nh, nhng thn mnh ngi sng; Th thuyt tn ng li ni, To Tho mun gp s Hung N, T thy mnh xu, khng mnh vi nc xa, Thi Dim thay, cn mnh th cm dao ng u ging. ng nhin, Thi Dim l mu ngi ti, s sch ghi ging ni sang sng, mt to my m, ru di bn thc, trng thc uy v. S thn Hung N li bnh l Ngy vng trng tht phi thng, nhng ngi cm dao ng u ging mi l anh hng. Kt qu, To Tho sai ngi git s thn . R rng To Tho tuy tng mo bnh thng, nhng kh khng nh, lng nghi ng cng ln. Khng th nhn ngi ch qua tng mo. C iu, khi mi xut hin, kh ca To Tho cha bao lm. Tm li, lc ny y To Tho t nhiu cha c ch ng. Mun rng danh trong chn giang h khng th khng lm nn chuyn ng tri. Git ch Kin Thc l vic lm c hiu qu. Cch suy on th hai, to Tho mun lp php ch. iu ny c l. Ngi L Tn ni, iu c sc th nht v chnh tr ca To Tho l coi trng hnh pht, lun ch trng php tc phi nghim minh, chp php nh sn, thm ch s dng hnh pht nng. To Tho lp php v chp php rt nghim, git ngi khng run tay. ng nhin, do tnh cch v tnh th bc bch nn phi th. Con ngi To Tho v mt sinh hot c phn ty tin. To Tho khng coi trng vic n, mc, lc hnh qun nh trn lu di, n b c th c, nhng khng th kn chn. Qua , c ngi ni To Tho ty tin khng nghim tc. Thc ra th To Tho l ngi nghim tc, khng ty tin, v cng khng thch ngi ty tin, thiu nghim tc. To Tho tng c th cho Khng Dung ni, ti tuy tin khng th thc hnh gio ha ci bin phong tc, thoi cha th to nn nhn c on kt ng liu, nhng li c nhiu bin php nui dng binh s, x thn v nc, u tranh vi l tiu nhn ph phim h hoa, ko b kt ng mu t li. R rng To Tho rt ght nhng k ty tin thiu nghim tc, ng nhin bn thn To Tho cng khng ty tin, thiu nghim tc. Tho mc thng phc, hay ni vui, lm t ph, nghe nhc, ch l mt cht th gin sau nhng lc cng vic cng

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thng v cng ch l cht biu hin ca mt th gii ni tm v cng phong ph v cn l mt vin n bc ng lm m hoc k th. To Tho thng khng cu n trong lc vit vn, lm vic, dng ngi, nhng khng phi l ty tin khinh sut, m l i kh. i php v php. i vi mt ngi ti ba nh vy, th cn g phi nhiu cch thc, phi kn chn. Lm gy nm mu nh cht nhng k lon php, y l th thch ln u ca mt tnh cch, mt kh nng. To Tho git ch Kin Thc, c th ch l vic ngu nhin. To Tho lc ny mi nh ch b non, da xanh mi bi, bc nhn vo chn quan trng, cha bit rng su, cha bit tri cao t dy l g. To Tho ch ngh, lm quan phi lm quan tt, quan tt phi hnh lnh cm, git mt rn mi, ch Kin Thc khc g con si ui to va ng vo hng sng ca To Tho. Th l ht cch ri. Li ni, nh nc i, nh phi git con g cho con kh xem. Nhng d l vy, song khng n gin. To Tho mi vo ngh, cn phi ra oai trc, da ph u. Vic lm ca To Tho c hu th khen ngi, mt s nh s hc tn thng, Khng s cng bo, chp php nh sn. C th v To Tho git cht ngi nh hon quan v hon quan ny li l nhn vt quyn th mt thi. nhng ti ngh, va vo hng sng ca to Tho li l mt ngi khc th sao? Hn l git lun khng cn bn. Cho nn, n lm bt ra s uy phong ca To Tho, chnh ngha ca To Tho, st kh ca To Tho v tnh cch thch git ngi ca To Tho. Trong ci gy cng tn ti: mt th lnh lng, tay th cng rn. Sau ny To Tho cn git rt nhiu, v khng bao gi run tay. y, coi nh l bc m u. N bc l ra tnh thin ca To Tho (chng li cng qun), tnh c ca To Tho (git ngi khng thng tic), cn bc l tnh cch mnh m v th on tn bo ca To Tho, mt khi c quyn l pht lnh thi hnh. Ti lun cm thy c thnh phn c y. C iu, To Tho ang sng trong m trc ca thi lon. Th lon phi dng bin php mnh. To Tho khng mun lm k c e cng kh. Bt k l th no, lc ny chng ta chng c cch no bit r lc To Tho ngh nhng g. iu r rng nht, To Tho c ti vi k quyn qu, vi tp on hon quan. C iu cc nh quyn qu cng chng lm g c To Tho. Th nht, to Tho l chnh ngha; th hai, To Tho c ch da. Cui cng nh phi ni l thng nhng thc l ging, y To Tho ra lm huyn lnh n Khu (nay l huyn Thanh Phong, H Nam). To Man truyn ni: Bn lng thn ni gin, nhng khng lm g c, cng nhau tin c Tho lm n Khu lnh. Nhng biu hin ca To Tho lc l n Khu lnh qu khng ti. Theo Tam quc ch To Thc truyn, To Tho tng nh li nhng tri nghim ca giai on ny v ni vi To Thc: Khi ta lm n Khu lnh, tui mi hai mi ba, nhng ngh li nhng vic lm, thy khng c g phi hi hn. Tic rng chng c bao lu v chuyn ngi anh r l Tng K m b min quan. V sau, To Tho li c triu vo

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triu lm ngh lang, sau cn m nhim cc chc v nh T Nam tng (C Thnh, pha ng huyn Lch Thnh, Sn ng ngy nay), trong c mt ln b min, hai ln t quan, ba ln c mi lm ngh lang. Ngh lang, cn gi l iu nghin vin. To Tho ngh iu nghin vin l iu nghin vin, c lm cho tt l c. Quan a phng l quan a phng, c lm cho tt l c. Th l To Tho dng s ln triu nh, bn v nhng iu t hi, nhng ri nh ct nm xung bin, chng c tin tc g. To Tho chp php nh sn, nh bn cng ho, lm sch li tr, yn nh a phng, nhng tt c li nh kin cn cy, trng chi . May, cha b ha vo thn, v cn c To Tung ng pha sau. Lc ny triu nh li mn c To Tho thng t c hc, nhiu ln c To Tho l ngh lang, quan lang nhn ri, c chc m khng c quyn. Dng ca h qu r rng. Thc ra c kh nng, To Tho cn tr nn cha hiu, mun lm nng thn phi c iu kin. 1 Thi th th no. Nu l thi lon, khp ni khi la, th ch c th nh Xut s biu ca Gia Ct Lng, ch mong gi ton c tnh mng trong thi lon, khng cu c hin t, vang danh vi ch hu. 2 Chnh cc th no. Nu nh Trn thnh thay i l c ca vua, Ri tinh xe, anh ny ht cha xong, anh kia nhy ln sn khu, th tt nht l nn gi in gi di. V khng cn thn l vo nhm hng, nguy him n tnh mng. Bi th Khng T ni: nc thnh th lm ngi ti tr, nc lon th lm k di kh (Tc l v ngc hn l v in). 3 Chu nhn th no. Nu ch nhn l ngi km ci hoc hn dung, khng hiu c hng, th bn c l hng tt n my cng vt, m lng bo quc sung. Cui cng phi l ngi tr th, l vua sng, va bit tm tnh va bit hng th ca mi ngi. Nh Hn Hin , khng th coi l loi h (c thi l Vn cnh tr th), a thch Gi Ngh, (Ngh quan ti i trung i phu). Nhng ri th no? Thng thay chiu trc m, khuya vng. Chng hi dn en, hi qu thn, v sau Gi Ngh cn b ging quan, b ui ra Trng sa. Ti y, Gi Ngh sut ngy khc lc cho n cht! Lc To Tho va ra lm quan cha phi l lc lon th, nhng thi cuc v cng hn lon. To Tho sinh triu Hon thi ng Hn, ln ln triu Linh . Nin hiu Vnh Th nm u (nm 155) thi Hon , To Tho ra i, nin hiu Hi Bnh th III (cng nm 174) thi Linh , Tho ra lm quan. Hai triu Hon, Linh c coi l thi k hn lon nht, en ti nht ca 400 nm vng triu H n. Thi Hon Linh c coi l thi vua hn thn gian, chnh tr h bi. Nh thi Linh , triu nh l ni mua quan bn tc, gi c vn bng c rao bn cng khai. Nh cp quan mt thch gi mt vn tin, cp huyn ph bn trm thch gi bn trm vn, cp chnh b hai ngn thch gi hai ngn vn, nh hng tam cng th tng thm mt ngn vn. l chuyn mua bn. Nu chnh thc c b nhim th giao mt na s tin. S tin ny khng phi h ly t hu bao ra, ch khi ra lm quan, h v vt ca trm h. Triu nh bit chuyn, nhng mt nhm mt m, v nh khng nghe khng thy. Lc o s c mt ngi l T M Trc c b nhim lm Thi th. Lc giy y nhim n, h mun anh ta giao tin, cn ni: ngh ti hon cnh kh khn ca gia nh s gim

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cho ba trm vn. T M Trc cm thn, l cha m ca dn, phi v vt ca dn cu quan, thc khng n! Lin t quan! Triu nh thy xi hng bng khng, h lnh khng cho t quan. T M Trc ht cch, nh phi t st gia ng. Trc lc lm chung cn li di th, chi ra, coi y l im g mt nc, mt thi chuyn lm rung ng c triu d. Lc ny mi thy T M Trc cht ung. Cui cng th vic bn quan triu Linh khng nhng khng ngng m ngy cng nhiu hn. To Tung, cha ca To Tho, quan n thi y, nghe ni phi b ra c c, coi nh tha c cn nghin chc Tam cng (t lu sau b min). Tam cng l a v cao qu, khng t ngi nghin n. Thi c ngi l Thi Lit, mt ngi danh gi, xut thn th hng mn , l danh s K chu. Thi Lit chm ch gng sc l qun th, quan ti cu khanh. Thy mi ngi i mua quan, Thi Lit cng theo lm chuyn . By gi c Trnh phu nhn l bo mu ca hong cho hay c th mua c chc vi gi hi, Thi Lit lin giao mt na s tin cho Trnh phu nhn, hong lin triu i hi cng khanh, m Thi Lit l t . Nhng ri hong hi hn lun, v thy mnh ni chuyn mua bn l vn trc mt mi ngi. Trnh phu nhn nghe thy m cung, lin ni chc quan ca Thi Lit mua bng cch no? Trnh phu nhn nhn mnh gip Thi Lit c c chc quan ! Li va dt, cng khanh ln, da vo n b c chc, chng bng b tin ra mua! Thi Lit mt mt v chuyn , ngay n a con cng khng vui. Con Thi Lit l Thi Qun, quan ti chc H bn trung lang tng. Mt hm Thi Qun gip tr t doanh tri v nh, Thi Lit lin hi: lo phu l tam cng, bn ngoi c iu ting g khng? Thi Qun ni, i nhn t lu ni ting, nay m nhn khanh th, mi ngi u ni i nhn l tam cng ng nhin l khng h? C iu ln ny, thin h tht vng v i nhn. Thi Lit hi v sao. Thi Qun ni, v trn ngi i nhn c mi ng thi. Thi Lit bng ni gin, cm gy nh Thi Qun. Thi Qun quay u b chy, o gip trn ngi ku leng keng. Thi Lit mng, cha nh ngi chy, nh vy l hiu khng? Thi Qun ni, nam no i Thun hu h cha m, b nh nh th chu, nh mnh th i, khng phi bt hiu! Thi Lit ht ng ni v cm thy xu h. Nh vy thy r, hai triu Hon Linh thi ra n tn nc. C iu, nu trt ht ti ng Hn dit vong ln ngi Hon v Linh l khng cng bng. thc t, t sau khi Vng Mng thon ngi, Quang V vc li, th vng triu i Hn khng th phc hi c. Ngoi thch tim quyn, hon quan chuyn chnh, qun phit xng hng, gian thn tm cch nm quyn, quan tham liu mng v tin, trm h ch cn bit n t. o c suy i l vic ht sc h . Hi c bi dn ca ni: c t ti, khng bit ch, c hiu lim, cha ring; thng nh dy cung, cht bn ng, cong nh vng mc, c phong hu, c th thy, t lim t s

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v ming tht lng gi thnh cch thc; chng li h bi, cao lim s, chnh n k cng thnh vic lm c ch. Nm 142 (nin hiu Hn An nm u thi Hn Thun ), triu nh phi c tm v khanh s i tun tra c nc, hy vng c th chnh n vic h bi trong s quan li a phng. Trong s c phi vin c ngi l Trng Cng cn t tui. Va ra khi kinh thnh, Trng Cng cho o mt ci h rt to, cho ngi tho ht bnh xe nm xung . B h hi xem t th no, Trng Cng ci nht ni: Lang si cm quyn thm hi h li! ngha l, triu chnh c nc cn b nhng k i gian i c nm gi, i bt my con tm con tp, l tham quan nh, phng c ch g! Thi i To Tho l lc lang si cm quyn, h li cn r. Lc To Tho l quan a phng, tng c quyt tm chnh n trt t bng nhng bin php mnh, nhiu lnh cm ch, c ban b khp ni. Tho bi min tham quan, nh vo l bt php. Cc th lc tn c mi khi ni n Tho nh ni n h, mt bin sc, thm ch b n cc a phng khc (ln nh s hi, gian t b trn n cc qun khc), kt qu L phi trn khp, c qun thanh bnh. Nhng ri s th no y? Rt nhiu co trng hch ti To Tho lin tip gi n ng tin, triu nh ban nhiu iu lnh iu nhim To Tho. Nu khng c cha l To Tung ngm ngm bo v th To Tho chng cn qu m n. Lc ny, To Tho nhn thu triu nh v quan trng. To Tho tng tn, vng triu ng Hn ht thuc cha, thin h i lon l iu kh thay i. D l khng lon th triu nh v quan trng h bi kia cng chng cn n ci gi l nng thn tr th. Khng cn ng bo quc, To Tho hiu su sc iu nn khng dng li, hin sch na (Thi t bit khng th sa chnh, nn khng dng li hin sch). Mt ln na triu nh li b nhim l Thi th ng qun hai ngn thch, Tho t chi, tr li qu nh (co m v qu), dng nh ngoi thnh, ng ca c sch, lc ri ly sn bn lm vui. ng nhin, To Tho vn khng mun li bc, vn chm ch theo di s phn ca t nc. Lc To Tho xung ni ln th hai, thi cc c bin ng ln. C ng nguyn nm 189, Linh bng h, li hai ngi con Lu Bin 14 tui v Lu Hip 9 tui, v c bn, h khng th khng ch c thi cuc. Tp on nhn s vi i tng qun H Tin cm u u tranh quyt lit gia cung nh vi tp on hon qu an i biu l Thp thng th, c hai cng tht bi v chu thng vong, chnh quyn ri vo tay Ty Bc qun phit ng Trc. Bn ng Trc b cc s i phu thi khng coi l ngi. ng Trc l h, L B l lang, l b h u l ch si. Trong ti c ln cng qun thn, ng Trc thng ci ni vui v m cc cung n, hoc li mt quan vin no nh cht, hoc dng nhng hnh pht tn khc dy v nhng ngi thuc phi phn i b bt, nghe ni, l nhng vic ng Trc thch lm nht. Tm li, ng Trc ph lp hong (ph Lu Bin l Hong Nng vng, sau u c cho cht; lp Lu Hip l hong , l Hin ), tn st trm quan, nhiu lon hu

37

cung, binh s ca ng Trc t ph cp bc, hm hip ph n khp thnh Lc Dng, kinh thnh vng triu i Hn bin thnh ni gy ha hy hoi con ngi. Thc mt nhn tm, cc vng u khng ng h. ng Trc tr thnh i tng khp ni i nh v ng Trc cng khng khng ch ni, trong th triu cng o ln, ngoi th khi la khp ni. T nm 189, sau khi ng Trc vo kinh, thc t th vng triu i Hn dit vong, t y thin h i lon. Thi lon anh hng ni dy, k c gm gio s tr thnh tng cp, trung ng mt quyn khng ch, quan li a phng vi qun lnh ca mnh tr thnh ch hu vng ct c tng phng. Khp ni a phng t tr, qun phit ct c v ch hu kim lnh. To Tho khng nh khng th tr thnh nng thn tr th, t mnh phi ngh li cch chn la ng i cho c i. Vo thi lon, c th c ba cch chn la: anh hng, kiu hng hoc gian hng. ng Trc, Vin Thiu, Vin Thut mun tr thnh lon th kiu hng. Vy, To Tho chn la g y? Tp th t: V U THEO AI Vng triu ng Hn, nn chnh tr h bi, khin To Tho khng th tr thnh nng thn tr th; v tip n l thin h i lon, Tho li ng trc s la chn mi: thn trong thi lon, l anh hng, l kiu hng hoc l gian hng? Thc t chng minh, t nm 190 n nm 200, To Tho xng l anh hng thi lon. V sao vy, v c chng c g? tp trc chng ta ni, To Tho vn mun tr thnh nng thn tr th, nhng li gp phi thi lon. Mt ngi thn trong thi lon, li c ch hng, tinh thn trch nhim v nng lc, c th c ba cch chn la: l anh hng, l kiu hng, l gian hng. ng Trc, Vin Thiu, Vin Thut chn lm lon th kiu hng; cn To Tho, th t lu mun lm anh hng thi lon. Nin hiu Trung Bnh th VI (nm 189), Linh bng h, ng Trc vo kinh, ph thiu Lu Biu lm Hong Nng vng, lp Lu Hip lm hong l Hn Hin . Th l Kinh i lon. Lc ny To Tho tr li triu nh, l in qun hiu y Ty vin. Thng tm nin hiu Trung Bnh th V (nm 188) thi Hn Linh , Ty vin qun c thnh lp, tng ng vi cn v qun ca quc. Di c tm vin hiu y, Kin Thc ngi c ch b Tho nh cht, cm u, l Thng qun hiu y. Th n l H bn trung lang tng Vin Thiu l Trung qun hiu y. Chc in qun hiu y ca To Tho xp hng th t, sau H qun hiu y Bo Hng. To Tho lc ny khc vi To Tho lc cn l Bc b y cc ph cng an cp huyn ca thnh Lc Dng. ng Trc cng thy Tho l nhn ti, nn tin c Tho l Kiu K hiu y, mun cng Tho mu vic ln. V bit nhn xa trng rng, li nhy bn v chnh tr, Tho bit nu theo ng Trc ch hi dn hi nc, tt s dit vong nn ngay trong

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m thay tn i h ri khi Kinh chu, chun b v qu. Vic git c nh L B Sa xy ra trn ng chy nn. C iu, Tho nhanh chn th lnh truy st ca ng Trc li cng nhanh. To Tho ra khi Lc Dng, qua ca H Lao (nay l huyn Vinh Dng, H Nam), lc n huyn Trung Mu (nay l thi trn Trnh Chu), b vin nh trng nh nhoi (cp bc gia thn trng v hng trng) coi l nghi phm, gii v nha mn quy n. Lc ny th lnh truy st ca ng Trc cng ti, nha mn huyn Trung Mu nhn c lnh t kinh thnh gi ti. To Tho mt mc khng nhn mnh l To Tho, nhng b mt cng to nhn ra. Mt vin chc trong huyn l ngi c hc cho rng thin h i lon khng yn khng nn git ba anh hng, thuyt phc huyn lnh cho th To Tho. Tam quc din ngha ni huyn lnh l Trn Cung. Ni th l sai, bi Trn Cung cha tng nhn chc Trung Mu. Vin cng to, huyn lnh l ai khng quan trng, iu thy r l ng Trc mt lng dn v To Tho c coi l anh hng. To Tho chy n Trn Lu (pha ng nam th trn Khai Phong, H Nam ngy nay) th dng li. y c mt ngi gip To Tho. Mt v hiu lim Trn Lu tn l V T gip To Tho mt khon tin ln. iu ny ht sc quan trng. Rt nhiu anh hng trong thi Tam Quc nh Lu B lc m u cng c ngi khc gip ; ngi c tin thng qua vic gip anh hng tham gia chnh tr, y cng l mt truyn thng trong x hi c i Trung Quc. to Tho dng s tin chiu binh mi m chun b khi ngha. Vo thng mi hai nin hiu Trung Bnh th VI (nm 189) ti K Ng, To Tho vi hn nm ngn binh m cng khai khi binh. y l s kin u tin: cm u ngha qun, khin To Tho tr thnh anh hng thi lon. Cm u ngha qun cn c ngi bn c ca to tho l Trng Mc (Tam quc ch, Trng Mc truyn: ng Trc lm lon, Thi t v Mc cm u ngha qun). Gia tc To th cng ht sc ng h To Tho. H Hu n, H Hu Uyn, To Nhn, To Hng, To Hu, To Chn v.v ln lt n vi To Tho v tr thnh nhng chin tng c lc. Hnh ng ca To Tho c ho kit thin h hng ng, cc l ch hu ua nhau ging c nh ui ng Trc, khi phc nh Hn. Nin hiu S Bnh (nm 190) thi Hn Hin , Hu tng qun Vin Thut, K chu mc Hn Phc, D chu Th s Khng Du, Duyn chu Th s Lu i, H Ni Thi th Vng Khung, Bt Hi Thi th Vin Thiu, Trn Lu Thi th Trng Mc, ng qun Thi th Kiu Mo, Sn Dng Thi th Vin Di, T Bc tng Bo Tn, ng thi ra qun, kt thnh lin qun, suy tn Vin Thiu lm minh ch. Lc nhng ngi ny u pha ng ca Hm Cc, nn xng l Quan ng ngha qun, gi tt l Quan ng qun, qun lnh ca ng Trc gi l Ty Bc qun.

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Tam quc din ngha ni, To Tho ku gi vic thnh lp lin qun, gi l Ra kiu chiu, cc trn hng ng To cng, y l vic qu cao To Tho. Khi Tho cha c ting tm g. Sau khi To Tho c tuyt lnh b nhim ca ng Trc (cng l lnh ca triu nh) tr thnh can phm truy bt quy n, Tho khng c quan hm, khng c a bn, qun lnh t i, th hiu triu c ai? Chnh l Thi th ng qun Kiu Mo pht kiu chiu, khng lin quan g n To Tho. V vy, khi nh li chuyn ny, To Tho cng ch coi mnh l ngi tham gia. Trong danh sch lin qun khng thy c c phn ca To Tho. Quan hm ca To Tho cng c minh ch Vin Thiu phong cho, gi l Hnh (i l) Phn V tng qun. To Tho tip nhn xng hiu v quyt tm lm ht sc dp lon, bo nc n nh. Nhng ln ny, To Tho li tht vng. Trc ht l minh ch Vin Thiu c biu hin khc. Qun Quan ng tn Vin Thiu lm minh ch l c l. Vin Thiu xut thn cao qu, gia tc c t th tam cng, tc l bn i trc ca Vin Thiu u l tam cng (Cao t ph Vin An l t thi Chng , thc thi t ph Vin Sng l t khng, t ph Vin Thang tng l t khng, t , thi y; cha Vin Phng l t khng; ngi ch Vin Ngy l thi ph) l mt gia tc hin hch, uy phong lng ly trn quan trng thi . Thi ng Hn gi thi y, t , t khng l tam cng, a v ch di hong , gi l di mt ngi, trn vn ngi. Gia tc Vin th c bn i l tam cng, chc cao quyn trng, mn sinh bn b l quan vin khp thin h, l ci qu bu trong hot ng chnh tr ca con ngi. iu kin ca Vin Thiu cng rt kh. Thiu p trai (t mo ung dung), i x khng ti (lu ti ngi di), nhn duyn rt tt (nhiu ngi theo n). iu quan trng nht, li n Vin Thiu phn i ng Trc lan truyn khp ni. ng Trc nh ph thiu (Lu Bin), lp Trn Lu vng (Lu Hip) tm Vin Thiu thng lng v ni Lu th khng vc dy, mun lt vng triu i Hn, trc mt mi ngi, Vin Thiu phn i lun. Tam quc ch. Vin Thiu truyn ni, Thiu khng bng lng cm ngang ao i lun. Hin Xun Thu ni, Vin Thiu chng li bng li l nghim chnh. Th l ng Trc ni gin: Tiu t thi kia, vic ln thin h, chng phi ta ni l xong sao? Ngi tng dao ca ng Trc ta khng sc? Vin Thiu rt dao ra ni lun, l no ch c dao ngi l sc? Bi Tng Chi cho rng Hin Xun Thu ni vy l khng ng (li rt khng phi), nhng vic Vin Thiu phn i ng Trc l ng, v v vy phi chy khi kinh thnh cng l ng, Vin Thiu tr nn rt uy th. Nhng Vin Thiu l k khng c u c, lon ng Trc chnh l ha nn do Vin Thiu em n. Sau khi Linh qua i, nhn s v hon quan mu thun kch lit, hai bn h st ln nhau. i tng qun H Tin mnh tay trc, git lun mt trong s u mc hon quan l Thng qun hiu y Kin Thc tip qun thng qun. Lc ny Vin Thiu khuyn H Tin lm l phi lm n ni, git bng ht

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bn hon quan, nh c nh tn gc. Nhng H Tin li thy kh, v c em gi H thi hu khng ng . Nm H thi hu h c, git cht m ca Lu Hip l Vng m nhn, sut na b Linh ph trut, may nh c hon quan cu xin nn mi thot, ng nhin H thi hu khng n xung tay vi hon quan. Vin Thiu lin gi vi H Tin, khuyn Tin triu v kinh cc mnh tng bn phng nht l Tinh chu mc ng Trc, hng uy hip thi hu. ng Trc v kinh nh vy. Mt tng chng ra g. Mt ngi dn bnh thng cng hiu mi thn n th d b thn lm kh, hung chi li l mt hung thn nh ng Trc? Chng khc g rc si vo nh. Hn na, khng nht thit phi lm nh vy. Theo ch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k, To Tho hay tin ci v ni (ch To Tho li ci ri), mun gii quyt vn hon quan, ch cn git my a hung hn cm u l xong. Ch cn mt tn ngc li l c H tt phi triu bao nhiu l tng ngoi v? Kt qu, ng Trc cha vo kinh th H Tin thnh qu di li dao bn hon quan. ng Trc va vo kinh th hong b ph, thi hu b h c, Lc Dng bin thnh bin la v hoang tn, chnh l ha nn Vin Thiu a ti! Vin Thiu lm mt vic rt ngc. Nu khng ni l Vin Thiu a ha ti th cng l Vin Thiu khng khng ch ni s th lc c c , d chng mang nhng ci tn nh Qun nhn ngha, Qun cn vng v c cn phi nh th u. ng nh To Tho ni, s d hon quan c th v chng c hong gn gi v tn nhim. Nu hong khng sng tn th chng c l g u. Git g cn g n dao m tru, hung h trong tay mnh li cha c dao? Qun lnh r rng l hung kh. Dao, khng nn ty tin rt ra khi v. Dao ra khi v l nhn thy mu ngay. Khng c g git th s phi git tru. H Tin v Vin Thiu u l nhng ch tru n v bng bnh ng phi git. Nu Vin Thiu khng ch trng phi git tit bn hon quan, bc Trng Nhng v l chng cng ng, nh ch cng dt giu, th c th H Tin khng phi cht trc mnh. Lm chnh bin cung nh th lng phi quyt tay phi mnh, nhng khng th tr thnh k kht mu, cng khng th lm st ngi v ti, n nh nng n nht phi l n nh vo k th hung hn nht. Thc t th u tranh chnh tr, ni thng ra l s thay i v nhn s, chia li quyn lc, phn phi li li ch v iu chnh li quan h gia ngi vi ngi. c ng h cng nhiu th kh nng thng li cng ln, v vy phi on kt i a s, nh vo mt thiu s, k cm u c c th phi x, k a tng th khc, sao li c th nh Vin Thiu, chng phn bit phi tri trng en g, c git bng ht? Hung h trong s thi gim cng c ngi tt, sao c th lm st h? Tic rng bn Vin Thiu khng hiu c nh vy. Sau khi H Tin b mu st, Vin Thiu cho qun i khp thnh bt git thi gim, c nhn thy ngi khng c ru l git, bit bao ngi tr phi tt qun r thn phn Tam quc ch. Vin Thiu truyn ni t bc l hnh th sau mi c min, ngi ngi bng hong lo s. Nh vy l tm thm k th cho mnh; ngi c nhiu k th th xa nay cha ai c kt cc tt. V th To Tho mi ni: ta nhn thy hn bi ri.

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Minh ch nh th, ngi khc th no? Cng chng ra sao. Nh Khng Du l k chuyn ni khng, lc gi l ni ho thnh ti, tc l ni cht thnh sng, ni sng thnh cht, tic l ni nhng khng lm. Hn Phc l ngi chng bit mnh phi lm g. Theo ch dn Anh hng k ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k, lc ch hu cc l cng ra qun Thi th ng qun Kiu Mo vi danh ngha Kinh s Tam cng c th gi Phc ni, mong c ngha qun cu nc gii nguy, Hn Phc lin hi b h, chng ta nn gip Vin Thiu hay gip ng Trc? Mu s l Lu T Hu ni, chng ta v nc ra qun, ngh g ti Vin Thiu ti ng Trc! Hn Phc nghe m mt ta tai. C iu Lu T Hu cng chng ra sao c. Hu ni vi Hn Phc nn n binh bt ng, ch xem tnh hnh. Lu T Hu ni, xut qun l vic d, khng th l u, hy ch xem ngi khc (xem cc chu khc) c ngi hnh ng chng ta mi hnh ng. Hn Phc nghe theo ngay, v Phc rt s ngi khc cp mt a bn. Sau khi tr mt vi ng Trc, Vin Thiu chy khi kinh thnh, ng Trc vn mun cho ngi truy bt Vin Thiu. May c my danh s va c quan h tt vi Vin Thiu va c ng Trc tn nhim, ni vi ng Trc, Vin Thiu l k thin cn, v s m chy, ch kh c ln lao g! Nu bc qu s nh ch cng dt giu. Ch bng c cho hn chc thi th, hn nht nh s ra sc hm n. Vin Thiu bn i l tam cng, mn sinh bn hu ri khp thin h, nu thu phc c Vin Thiu th t y ni Thi Hng chng phi thuc v ngi ri sao? ng Trc nghe ni c l, lin b nhim Vin Thiu l Thi th Bt Hi. Vin Thiu chy n K chu th nhn c lnh b nhim l Thi th Bt Hi, Hn Phc ht sc lo s, lin cho qun i gim st Vin Thiu, Thiu lo s khng dm ng y. v sau Hn Phc tham gia lin qun Quan ng, Vin Thiu mi dm hnh ng. Hn Phc l ngi nh vy, lm sao c th nh c trn u? Suy ngh ca ngi khc cng th. Cho nn sau khi lin qun c thnh lp, ai cng ngi yn. Tam quc ch -V k ni: Thiu v nhng ngi khc u khng dm tin trc. To Tho thy khng n, lin ni vi h: c ngha qun tr bo lon, mi ngi hp li, cc v cn nghi ng g na? Tho ch ra, trc y mun nh ng Trc th r rng l vic kh khn, cn lc ny thi c tt n. V sao vy? V trc y ng Trc th vng tht, chim c hai vng t him, tuy lm ngc li, nhng cha phi l xu. Lc ny th khc. ng Trc t ph kinh thnh, ngc i hong , bn trong chn ng, c nc cm gin, ng tri mun dit hn ( ti lc dit vong). V vy To Tho ni: Mt trn l nh c thin h, khng th mt!. Nhng chng ai nghe, Tho nh phi n c ra qun, ch c Trng Mc cho mt t qun n gip, i trng chnh l V T - ngi trc y tng gip To Tho (Mc sai tng V T chia qun theo Thi t). Trn ny thc khng thun li, sut na Tho cng mt mng, may c em l To Hng nhng nga cho, mi thot cht. V ti i bn doanh Toan To, mi my vn qun Quan ng vn n binh bt ng, cc ch hu ngy ngy ru ch bn lun, khng ch tin th, ni nh ngy

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nay, ngy ngy bn lun, ru ch, chi in t. Tho bun bc ni: nay ngha qun hnh ng, vn hoi nghi khng tin, thin h mt l ni nhc ca cc v !. Nhng cng chng c ai theo. Ln na To Tho li cm thy ht ng bo quc. Thc ra th trong s tng lnh qun Quan ng cng c ngi ti, thm ch cn l tinh hoa ca t nc. Nh Vng Khung coi l hip danh; Vin Di bng y kinh lun. Nhng mt khi c t tm th mt chnh ngha khng dm ra qun, chng ng mt xu. To Tho cng hiu thu cc ch hu, h t t t li, tham sng s cht, ch ln ti mn, khng mu k. Quan ng ngha qun ch l l hp, c tnh ton ring, ng sng d mng, khng ng tn cy, To Tho li phi ngh cch chn la con ng ca c i mnh. To Tho thy phi t lm. Phn trc ni, lch s c hai cch bn v vic To Tho chn la con ng ring. Mt cch nh D ng tp ng ca Tn Thnh nng thn thi bnh, gian thn thi lon, cch khc trong Hu Hn th gian tc thi bnh, anh hng thi lon hoc nh Th thuyt tn ng anh hng lon th, gian tc tr th. Lc ny nhn li, th t ra trong khong mi nm t Cng nguyn nm 190 n Cng nguyn nm 200, Tho c coi l anh hng lon th v trong lc t nc nguy nan, dn tc nguy vong chi c mt mnh To Tho dm ng ra lo vic hng vong ca thin h. Nu ni cn c ngi lm c nh vy, th ngi l Tn Kin cha ca Tn Quyn. Nhng em so vi Tho thi Tn Kin cn thp hn mt bc. V To Tho khng ch gan d m cn mu lc. Vy, To Tho lm g t ra l cao hn? Chng ta xem nhng vic To Tho lm. T Cng nguyn nm 191 (nin hiu S Bnh th II thi Hn Hin ) n Cng nguyn nm 196 (Kin An nm u thi Hn Hin ), To Tho lm c ba vic quan trng, ly t, m binh v lp n in. Ba vic m To Tho lm c c lin quan n vic khi ngha ca Khn Vng. Nhng nm cui thi ng Hn, chnh tr h bi, nhng ngi nng dn khng cn ng sng, u cht khn vng c gio on th lnh o Thi Bnh dn u vng ln khi ngha vi khu hiu Tri xanh cht, tri vng ang ln. R rng quan bc th dn phn, nhng vi To Tho th y l i nghch bt o, cn phi tiu dit. C iu, triu nh ng Hn v quan trng thi qu h bi, trong lc bn tham quan li ang tranh quyn ot li th i qun Khn Vng ln mnh, tr thnh vn . Cng nguyn nm 192 (nm S Bnh th III thi Hn Hin ), i qun Khn Vng vn t tp Thanh chu (tr s th trn Trung Bc, Sn ng ngy nay), tin vo Duyn chu (huyn Kim Hng Sn ng ngy nay), Thi th Duyn chu Lu i khng nghe li khuyn ca Bo Tn, b qun Khn Vng git cht. Lc ny To Tho c Vin Thiu b nhim lm Thi th ng qun, Bo Tn cng Trn Cung n mi To Tho v lm Duyn chu mc. Theo ch dn Th ng ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k, Trn Cung ni vi Tho, nay

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Duyn chu khng cn ch, triu nh khng th b nhim, mi Thi th ti , y l t c th thu thin h, thnh b nghip. Trn Cung ni vi cc quan Duyn chu, To Tho c ti, hin nhim mnh ng qun, nu mi v lm chu mc, tt s yn dn. Bo Tn v mi ngi u ng . Th l To Tho c Duyn chu, mt cn c a quan trng. Sau khi To Tho l Duyn chu mc, em qun tc chin vi Khn Vng, theo ch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k, lc ny lc lng ca To Tho khng bng qun Khn Vng. Binh s qun Khn Vng c ba mi vn, k c nhn vin theo qun l mt trm vn, To Tho chi c hn mt ngn, lnh c t, lnh mi nhiu, v vy ct qun trong s hi. c th nh thng trn ny, To Tho tay cm chc kch, mt nhn tng s, tuyn b iu l thng pht, cn ni vi qun Khn Vng, chnh sch u i t binh, m ng cho nhng k u hng, sau th kho lo dng k binh ginh thng li. Cu i cng th qun Khn Vng quy hng To Tho. Khn Vng l i qun rt k quc, ngoi qun lnh ra cn c ngi theo qun l thn thuc v nng dn, c tru cy v nng c, gi l trm vn. Trong s nhng ngi ra hng, To Tho chn ra nhng ngi khe mnh bin ch thnh i ng, gi l qun Thanh chu, To Tho c thm mt i qun chin u. L Duyn chu mc l c cn c a; thu qun Thanh chu l c i qun chin u. Nh vy To Tho c ch ng chn l vng t trung tm Quan ng. Nhng To Tho cng ng trc mt vn kh nghim trng, vi s ngi ng nh vy th lm sao c th sp xp v nui dng h. To Tho tip thu nhiu kin ca mu s, bt u thc hin ch n in vo Cng nguyn nm 196 (Kin An nm u thi Hn Hin ). Thi do chin tranh lin min, rt nhiu t ai tr thnh rung vn v ch. Tho thu s rung t v cho chnh ph, mt phn chia cho binh s v qun Khn Vng hng phc, cy cy, gi l qun n; mt phn giao cho nhng ngi nng dn khng rung t, cy cy gi l dn n; chnh ph cung cp tru b, nng c, ng thi thu t t t 5 n 6 phn. Th gi l n in. n tc l phng thc c tr qun s ha, phng thc canh tc qun s ha, phng thc canh tc tp th ha, thi cn gi l Binh on sn xut xy dng, qun chnh ph ca To Tho bin thnh ch nng trng. y l mt v mua bn cc k hp l, 1 - t ai l ca nghip ch b li, tru b nng c ly t i qun Khn Vng, To Tho khng phi b ra mt phn no, mt v kinh doanh khng cn vn. 2 - a t cao ti nm, su phn, so vi mt phn mi lm thi Hn s khng bit cao ti bao nhiu, c th ni a t rt nng. Nhng chin s v nng dn u hi lng v h c cm n. 3 - C tr theo phng thc qun s ha, ging nh mt x hi mi qun dn hp nht. Xy dng mt i qun mi, canh chin hp nht. i qun ny lc thng th canh tc, lc gp th chin u. Binh on sn xut xy dng ny va l kho lng va l ngun lnh, l no khng phi l c s cho c hai? 4 - Ch n in va gii quyt c vn lng tho, ngun lnh, va

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gii quyt nn lu manh khin mi ngi phi au u, c c trt t tr an l no khng phi l nht c lng tin? Nhng vic To Tho lm chng t To Tho khng h l mt chnh tr gia nhn xa trng rng, mt i anh hng chng tri p t trong thi i thin h i lon. Theo ch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k, lc quyt nh thc hnh ch n in, To Tho ni, y l thut nh quc, thc tc binh cng. Binh khng mnh, lng khng th khng ch ch, ginh thng li th no c? Tic l cc ch hu khng nhn ra chin lc . Ngy th ni, ch hu cng ni dy, khng ai c k lu di, i th i cp, no th dng dng, tan v lu li, khng nh cng v. ngha ca cu ni l g? Tc l lc thin h i lon, ch hu cng ni dy nhng tr To Tho, th khng k no c i qun dng k lu di. i th i cp, i bng th phi i cp ca trm h; No th dng dng sau khi n no th vt b nhng th d tha. Cui cng th sao? Cui cng th tan v li tn, khng nh cng bi. Bi v khi ht lng thc thi lm g cn sc m chin u. Thc t, trong lc qun binh ca To Tho c n no mc m, th H Bc, binh s ca Vin Thiu phi n qu du; ti Giang Hoi binh s ca Vin Thut phi n con trai con hn. Mt khi nhng th ht th phi n tht ngi, u u cng l cnh tng th thm khng n nhn (ngi i kht, c chu tiu iu). Nhng ngi nh vy c th tranh hng vi To Tho? So vi h, l no To Tho khng phi l anh hng? T vic h ho ngha qun n chin lc n in, To Tho t mt tng lnh tr tui y lng nhit huyt tr thnh mt cao th chnh tr ngh su xa, cn nhng ngi c gi l ho kit mt thi khc, th my ai c ch tin th. H ch lo gi mnh, s hnh s bng, hoc sut ngy say b t, hoc bng d xu xa, mong c nc bo c hoc tranh quyn ot li, tn st ln nhau. Qun Ty Bc bn ny th git chc, qun Quan ng bn kia th t ph. u tin Th s Duyn chu Lu i git Kiu Mo Thi th ng qun; v sau Thi th Bt Hi Vin Thiu xa s K chu mc Hn Phc, ri n anh em Vin Thiu Vin Thut chi xu, h b ln nhau; Vin Thut lin lc vi Cng Tn Ton min bc km ch Vin Thiu; Vin Thiu lin lc vi Lu Biu nam i ph vi Vin Thut. Hai bn dng sch lc nh gn thn xa, v vy, Tam quc ch tng cm than: Anh em h ly tm, b gn thn xa n vy! C iu, vn ln nht ca anh em Vin Thut Vin Thiu khng phi chuyn on kt, cng khng phi khng ngh n chuyn lng tho, chuyn chin u. Nguyn nhn khin cho anh em Vin Thut Vin Thiu (k c ng Trc) phi ri b nhau l phm sai lm nghim trng trong vn chnh tr ln lao. Chnh sai lm khin h i mt vi ha dit vong. Vy, vn chnh tr ln lao kia l gi? ng Trc, Vin Thiu v Vin Thut sai lm nh th no v thi ca To Tho ra sao?

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Tp th nm: SAI V LI SAI Bc u To Tho biu hin c kh cht ho hng v tm nhn chnh tr ca ngi anh hng thi lon th mt s ngi khc li th hin s ngang ngc v ngu xun ca mnh. Chnh v h ngang ngc v ngu xun nn cng l ra s hng ti i lc ca To Tho; cng chnh v h ngang ngc v ngu xun, nn chng ta mi thy r cng lao ci th ca To Tho. Ba k kiu hng c d tm ln nh ng Trc, Vin Thut, Vin Thiu phm sai lm nghim trng trong vn chnh tr to ln l i x th no vi hong hin nay, v xe sau khng ly vt xe trc lm gng. Vy, h sai v li sai nh th no? Nh tp trc ni, trong khong 10 nm k t nm 190 n nm 200 ch c To Tho ng l anh hng thi lon. Nhng nhn vt u tr khc khc v ch hu cc b, ch nh nhng chnh khch, trc mt h ch ton l my m. Thm ch nh my k kiu hng ng Trc, Vin Thut, Vin Thiu cng u phm phi sai lm chnh tr. Vn chnh tr to ln l i x vi hong nh th no. y l vn khng th m h. Trong tnh hnh hong tng trng cho s thng nht t nc. Thi vi hong hin ti l hn th vng, xem thn t no trung gian ng sai. Nhng k sai lm trong vn ny s m mi hn thin c, i i khng th m mt. Trc ht hy ni v ng Trc. Thi ca ng Trc vi hong l ht sc d man, Trc nh ph . ng Trc vo kinh cha lu mun thay i hong . L do Trc a ra l thiu Lu Bin ngu mui, yu ui, Trn Lu vng Lu Hip c t cht thnh ch (c biu hin nh Nghiu). iu ny cng khng hon ton khng c cn c. Theo ch dn in lc v Hin k ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. ng Trc truyn, khi ng Trc vo kinh th Lc Dng i lon. i tng qun H Tin b hon quan mu st, thiu Lu Bin 14 tui v em l Trn Lu vng Lu Hip 9 tui lu lc trong dn gian, tri bao gian trun vt v mi v li c kinh thnh. Lc ng Trc em qun n nghnh gi, thiu Lu Bin c st si khc lc, ni khng nn li. Hi n Trn Lu vng Lu Hip th cu no ra cu y, ni nng r rng lu lot. Khi ng Trc lin c ngh phi thay i hong (Trc vui sng, lin c ph lp). C th y cha phi l nguyn nhn tht ng Trc thay i hong . T lu ng Trc c mun nh cc quyn thn trc kia, coi hong l con ri trong tay nhip chnh cm quyn v cui cng th ot quyn thon v. l con ri th vic g cn phi i, ngu mui yu ui li cng hay. Mt ngi kiu hng nh ng Trc, bng vo s c c c nhn cng s hng khi, mun thay l thay c ngay, khng phi l khng c kh nng. Nhng thc ca ng Trc c th l mun xy dng uy vng c nhn, khng ch chnh quyn trung ng. ng Trc l qun phit Ty Bc n, d man th bo, thch mu thnh tnh, danh ting, uy vng u khng c. ng Trc ra sc lung lc i phu, nhng t thm tm s i phu chng coi ng Trc ra g.

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V vy phi tm cch g . Con ngi ng Trc d man l r rng, nhng cn c phn gio hot. Theo ch dn Cu Chu Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. ng Trc truyn, bui u ng Trc vo Lc Dng ch c ba ngn binh m. ng Trc s gi khng ni, lin bo ba ngn qun , c mi ti li ra ngoi thnh, hm sau li ging trng ging c vo thnh, bn nm hm lin lm nh vy, kt qu ngi ngi nhm tng ng Trc c c ngn qun vn m. ng Trc di tr thnh cng, ly lm c ch. ng Trc khng ch trn c vn v c triu, cn pht hin ra iu ngoi sc tng tng l, c th d dng i ph vi nhng k trong kinh thnh. ng Trc lin quyt nh lm mt ng tc mnh m hn na, ra sc xy dng cho mnh mt a v cao qu tht vng chc. ng tc l thay hong . ng Trc suy ngh rt n gin: chng phi bn ngi thng s hong , nghe theo hong sao? Cn ta, c th thay i c hong th l no cc ngi li khng s ta? Hn na ph b thiu Lu Bin, cng tc l c th ph b c H thi hu, cn Trn Lu vng Lu Hip khng cn m , Vng m nhn m Lu Hip b H thi hu h c. V vy, lp Lu Hip lm s khng cn ai l thi hu bung rm nhip chnh. Nh vy, va loi b c vt cn va c thm c uy th, mt mi tn trng hai ch. Nhng ng Trc khng h ngh rng, lm vy l bin mnh thnh k th ca nhn dn, thin h mun nh, c nc mun git. Bi v vi cc s i phu chnh thng tc l chnh nhn qun t, khng th ty tin thay i hong d ngi thay th vn l h Lu. V hong l vua ca mt nc, gc ca mt nc, sao c th i thay? Chng ta u bit, thi trm h khng c ni, chi nhng ngi c quyn mi c pht ngn. Nh vy, duy tr trt t x hi, bo v hong ng nhim khng ch l chnh ngha m cn l dn. V vy, vic thay i hong (lc gi l ph lp) l vic lm ht sc nguy him, lm khng kho s nh ngi t b p vo chn mnh. c ngi tng lm vic ny. C iu ngi m h mun thay i, khng phi l Hn Hin m l Hn Linh . Theo Tam quc ch - V k, vo nm Quang Ha th VII (nm 184) thi Hn Linh Th s K chu Vng Phn cu kt vi bn cng ho a phng mu ph b Linh lp Hp Ph hu. Cha bit Hp Ph hu l ngi th no, chng nh vn l tng tht Lu th! Tham gia vo vic ny c Ha Du ngi phn Vin Thiu chy sang vi To Tho v cui cng li b Tho git. Nhng ngi mu vic ny c n tm To Tho, v Tho v Ha Du l i bn c, nhng Tho t chi thng thng. Ch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k c ghi li ca To Tho: Vic ph lp trong thin h l im xu. Ngha l, thay i hong l vic lm kh khn nht, nguy him nht di gm tri ny, nn cng phi thn trng. Trc y c ngi lm vic ny nh Y Don ui Thi Gip, Hoc Quang ph Xng p, nhng y l vic lm cn cn nhc nng nh, tnh ton quyn hnh thnh bi nhiu ln ri mi quyt nh, mi l mu k vn ton, thnh cng nhanh

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chng. Nu c khinh xut manh ng nh thi lon lc 7 nc th nht nh s tht bi, lc ny xin cc v suy xt k, th lc chnh tr th lc qun s ca cc v snh bng 7 nc Ng S thi cha? Thm a v uy tn ca Hp Ph hu snh c vi Ng vng Lu T, S vng Lu Mu cha? Cha snh bng m vn mun lm, chng phi t tm n ch cht hay sao? Li ca To Tho l ht sc thn thin. To Tho hiu c ci li ci hi ch chng ao to ba ln g. Tic l bn Ha Du nghe khng lt, c n c lm ba, kt qu, m mu bi l, Ha Du phi b trn, Vng Phn qu s hi phi t st. R rng, hong khng d dng thay i. ng nhin, tnh hnh v iu kin ca ng Trc c khc, ng Trc khng phi Vng Phn. ng Trc xut thay hong l c th thay c. Nhng cui cng ng Trc phi tr gi cho hnh ng phn nghch ca mnh, b Vng Don v L B mu st, phi cht sm. l chuyn sau ny. Tic rng, bi hc ch Vng Phn khng ngi tip nhn, nhng li c ngi lm theo ng Trc, ngi l Vin Thiu. Vin Thiu cng l ngi mun thay i hong . C iu, cch lm ca Vin Thiu khc vi cch lm ca ng Trc. ng Trc mun ph lp (ph ngi ny, i ngi khc), Vin Thiu li mun lp ngi khc (khng ph m lp ngi khc). Sau khi l minh ch ca lin qun Quan ng, d tm ca Vin Thiu ln dn, nhng gan d th cha bng d tm. Vin Thiu khng dm nh thng vo Trng An, ui c ng Trc khi phc Hn tht, m nh lp mt v hong khc, ngi c chn l Lu Ngu U chu mc. Theo Hu Hn th. Lu Ngu truyn, l do ca Vin Thiu l Hong nh tui b ng Trc p, xa xi cch bit, sng cht th no. Tc l, hong tui nh (lc ny Hin mi 10 tui) b bn ng Trc khng ch, tri nam t bc khng bit sng cht th no. Gi nh cn sng cng chng c tc dng g. Nc khng th mt ngy thiu vua. Lu Ngu l tng tht l c, nn lp l hong . Vin Thiu suy ngh r rng, mun lp mt chnh ph lu vong khc ngoi chnh ph trung ng (lc ny ng Trc Lc Dng, thin t Trng An). Chnh quyn lu vong do Vin Thiu dng nn, th u no ca chnh ph (by gi phi l i tng qun), ng nhin phi l ngi ca Vin Thiu. Trong tng lai, nu chnh quyn lu vong thay th chnh quyn trung ng th Vin Thiu s l trung hng danh thn, ting thm mun thu. Vin Thiu tnh ton rt snh. iu ny khng phi l khng c kh nng. Thnh lp chnh quyn lu vong cng l mt th on u tranh c bit, nhng trc , chnh quyn c dit vong hoc lung lay b lt . Nhng tnh hnh lc li khng phi th. t ra th trn danh ngha, Lu Hip vn l thin t i Hn, ng Trc vn l thn t nh i Hn, vng triu i Hn cha tng tuyn b dit vong. Thnh lp chnh quyn lu vong vo lc ny l lp trung ng khc. l iu i nghch bt o. V vy, 1- Lu Ngu kin quyt khng lm. Lu Ngu l ngi kh tinh anh, hiu r nu mc nhin tn thnh th lp tc

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s b hng trm mi tn bn vo. V vy, lc tip s tit ca Vin Thiu l Trng K, Lu Ngu c nhng li ni rt nghim tc, gin Vin Thiu khng ngh chuyn tn tm vi vng tht li nghch mu to phn. Vin Thiu mt nhiu hng th. Nhng ngi tn thnh cng c, nh Hn Phc l k n n, tn thnh ngay, cn xung phong lm con tt ra trc nga. C iu, Hn Phc khng kim c li lc g trong chuyn ny. Vic thay i hong khng thnh, tri li bn thn b thay i. Thng by nm S Bnh th hai (nm 190) thi Hn Hin , Vin Thiu cu kt trong ngoi, lc cng lc mm ot c K chu t tay Hn Phc. Hn Phc nh nhng K chu, sut ngy sng trong lo lng, s hi, cui cng t st trong nh tiu. To Tho th khng ngc th. Tho cho rng Vin Thiu khng th thnh cng, ng thi cng phn i vic chia ct. Tho ch trng, khng lp trung ng khc; phi dit ng Trc, n thin t, khi phc t nc thng nht. V phn mnh, Vin Thiu khng my n ngi anh em To Tho. Trong mt Vin Thiu, Tho ch l thng cha cng mnh i cp c du thu no. Theo ch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tng Chi v Tam quc chi - V k, thuyt phc To Tho, nhn lc tm tnh tr chuyn, Vin Thiu l ra vin ngc t (c th Vin Thiu cho khc ring), c cho Tho bit l thin mnh y. To Tho xem, ci thm v ngh bng, tng vic cp nc cng ging nh vic chng ta i cp du vy sao! C iu, Vin Thiu coi mnh l bn, mnh cng nn c x nh mt ngi bn! To Tho ci m ln v ni, mnh mun nghe cu, nhng mnh khng nghe! T , To Tho ngm ngm coi Vin Thiu l gian tc bi phn t nc, l k cp nc mt d y v s, l k c ghi vo danh sch en, cn phi tiu dit (Thiu khng cn c ch, phi git i). Em Vin Thiu l Vin Thut cng khng tn thnh. Vin Thut khinh bi v cm ght ngi anh ca mnh. Vin Thiu, Vin Thut c th l anh em h cng c th u l con ca Vin Phng. Vin Thiu ln tui l anh, nhng l dng th. Vin Thut t tui l em v l dng chnh. Hai ngi l anh em rut hay l anh em h, mi ni ni mt phch. Nhng u c th khng nh l Vin Thiu thuc dng th, Vin Thut thuc dng chnh. Con ca v c l dng chnh, con ca thip hoc t thip l th. Vi tnh hnh lc , a v ca chnh v th cao thp khc hn nhau. Ni chung, a v v i ng i vi dng chnh cao hn hn dng th, thm ch v t cht cng tt hn nhiu. Ngay nh (Hng Lu Mng) cng khng th b qua l ny - Bo Ngc thuc dng chnh th cao qu nhng y, Gi Hon thuc dng th th xu xa thm t. Nhng iu thc phi l. Thc t, Vin Thiu l dng th, c th l con ca t n, nhng v cc mt t cht, uy vng, nhn duyn u tt hn, cao hn hn Vin Thut l dng chnh. V vy, Vin Thut cm hn, nghin rng nghin li, quyt mt trn sng mi, phn bit thng thua, cao thp, vi ngi anh ca mnh. Lc ny, c th nhng ngi ng h Vin Thiu l ng hn, Hu Hn th. Vin Thiu truyn ni, Ho kit phn ln theo Thiu. Th l Vin Thut mng m ln, l tiu t thi khng theo ta, li

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theo k n ti nh h Vin chng ta (khng theo ta li theo tn n ti nh ta)! Cn vit th gi Cng Tn Ton, ni Vin Thiu khng phi l ging nh h Vin (ni Thiu khng phi l con Vin th). iu khng ch lm Vin Thiu tc gin m cn to ra mt nh hng xu, l nguyn nhn tim n Vin Thiu lun lun phi tht bi. Thc ra th Vin Thut chng cn phi xem thng Vin Thiu, hai anh em h, k tm lng ngi na cn, h c chung mt c im, mnh xut thn cao qu, nn t cho l phi phm, nhng li ngu xun cc k, mt ngi ngu, mt ngi xun. Ch t, h cng ngu hn To Tho, xun hn To Tho. Vin Thiu ngu hn To Tho, xun hn To Tho, Vin Thut li ngu hn Vin Thiu, xun hn Vin Thiu. Vin Thiu cho mnh l phi phm nht cng l ngu xun nht. Nhn c th ca Vin Thiu, Vin Thut ci nht, khng ng b d b nui dng mt k chng ra g, dm c nhng ngh by b! Lp hong khc? Mun lp th i m lp mt mnh! T lu, h Vin chng ta l t th tam cng, ngi c cng lp th d c cht cng t t th tam cng bin thnh ng th tam cng, c g l gh gm? T ngoi nhn vo th Vin Thut phn i l chnh ng. Hu Hn th. Vin Thut truyn ni, xt v cng v ngha m khng theo. Ch dn Ng th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Vin Thut truyn ni c th hn: ch mun dit Trc khng ngh n truyn khc. Thc ra th Vin Thut u c i nh ng Trc! Ni cho cng th vic Vin Thut khng tn thnh Vin Thiu l cn c tnh ton khc. Tnh ton g? T mnh mun lm hong . Bin php ca Vin Thut l t lp. Vin Thut mun lm hong , lun lun m lm hong . Logic ca Vin Thut l th ny: 1 - Vng triu i Hn sp ht, h Lu nh mt tri v ty, cn c ngi thay th. 2 - H Vin c t cch thay h Lu, v h Vin l t th tam cng, khng ai snh kp. 3 - Trong h Vin ngi c t cch nht l Vin Thut, l dng chnh; Vin Thiu l dng th, u c chuyn con ca v b ln lm hong ? C iu, Vin Thiu th lc mnh, nhn duyn tt, khng th xem thng. V vy, Vin Thut lun coi Vin Thiu l i th cnh tranh, phi loi b trnh hu ha. Suy ngh ca Vin Thut khng phi hon ton khng c cn c. Trong tay Vin Thut cn c ngc t truyn ngi. Vo nm Trung Bnh th VI (nm 189) thi Hn Linh , trong lc bn thi gim Trng Nhng ni lon lm ri ngc t. v sau Tn Kin c c ming ngc t ny, nhng ri li b Vin Thut cng p ot li t tay Tn Kin phu nhn. Vic ny c ghi trong Hu Hn th. Vin Thut truyn. Chut gi bn hng c sng ngh ngay ti vic nh mo. Vin Thut c bo bi li nghe nhm mt s li n trong dn gian, lin cm thy hong Trung Quc k ti nht nh phi l mnh. Ti ma xun nm Kin An th II (nm 197) thi Hn Hin , Vin Thut khng ch c na chnh thc xng .

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Vin Thut b nhiu ngi phn i. Tn Sch, ngi c quan h tt nht vi Vin Thut, nghe tin Vin Thut mun xng , t Giang ng gi th phn i, tuyt giao. Vin Thut nh ngi va vo tng khp ni. Vin Thut i tm L B, mun kt thn vi L B, g con cho nhau. Kt qu, L B cho bt s gi, ri p gii v Ha huyn (by gi To Tho ri v Ha huyn). Vin Thut ni gin cho qun i nh L B, nhng li b L B nh cho ti bi. Vin Thut lc ny b chng phn thn ly, u u cng vng ting ca ai on. Thc ra, trc khi xng . Vin Thut c trng cu kin. T ma ng nm Hng Bnh th II (nm 195). Vin Thut m hi ngh ni, ta ngh: Hp tri thun dn ch v thy th no? B h ca Vin Thut l Dim Tng ni lun, nm Chu Vn vng c hai phn ba thin h m vn thn phc nh n. Minh cng khng bng Chu Vn vng, Hn Hin cng khng phi n Tr vng th lm sao c th ly m thay c? Vin Thut khng chu, li hi sang Tng Phm. Tng Phm ku m, em l Tng Tha tr li thay. Tng Tha ni, c th ly c thin h hay khng l nh c khng nh ng. Nu s ng v theo, thin h ng h, th mt k tht phu cng c th thnh vng o b nghip. mun ni, c lm c hong hay khng, chng lin quan n con nh quyn qu cao sang. Rt tic li ni ng th kh nghe, Vin Thut b ngoi tai tt c. Vin Thut gn nh m mui. Th l To Tho phi ra tay. Vo nm Kin An th II (nm 197), To Tho khc hn. Nm trc, To Tho n c Hn Hin v cn c a ca mnh l Ha huyn, c th Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc hoc p thin t lnh ch hu. L ngi cm qun thc s ca vng triu i Hn, li lun ch trng thng nht t nc, phn i vic chia ct, sao c th lm ng Vin Thut gi tr? Cn loi b k xu xa ny em qun n nh. Theo Hu Hn th. Vin Thut truyn Vin Thut hay tin s n mt mt (Thut nghe s qu), quay u chy lun (vt sng Hoi), ton b qun lng ca Vin Thut c vin tha tng Th Trng ng phn pht ht cho dn chy nn. Vin Thut hi v sao li lm nh vy. Th Trng ng ni, chng ta ch cn ng cht, sao li khng em ci mng ny cu ly mng sng ca trm h? Vin Thut gng ci ni, sao cc h li hng ting thm mt mnh, khng ta cng hng vi? Xem ra Vin Thut cng rt hiu, t khi i sai nc c thi, Vin Thut ch l con chut gi qua ng, kh m qun quanh trong gii giang h. C iu Vin Thut vn cn cho chng c vi nm. Vo ma h nm Kin An th IV (nm 199), Vin Thut cng ng, thy mnh khng th lm c hong , mi quyt nh a ngc t truyn quc cho Vin Thiu, d g th Thiu vn l ngi nh h Vin. iu thc hp vi Vin Thiu, v Vin Thiu cng rt mun lm hong . Theo Tam quc ch. Vin Thiu truyn v li ch dn in lc ca Bi Tng Chi th vo nin hiu Kin An nm u (cng nguyn nm 196), Vin Thiu nh bi

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Cng Tn Ton Dch Kinh (pha ty bc huyn Hng, H Bc ngy nay), thm qun vo, th lc ln hn v d tm ca Vin Thiu bt u bnh trng, khng ch vi thin t cng ng rt t (cung phng rt t, ht sc v l), cn lnh ring cho vin ch b l Cnh Bao phi bo vi mnh l, xch c ht, hong thin ang dng, cn phi thun theo tri. Xch c ch Lu Hn; Hong thin l h Vin. Vin Thiu a bn mt bo ca Cnh Bao cho mi ngi xem, khng ng d lun tr nn m , u cho rng Cnh Bao ni li yu ma m hoc. Vin Thiu ht cch, nh cho git Cnh Bao, hng t gii thot. Nhng ngi vn cn , d tm cha ht, vn mun lm hong . V vy, khi Vin Thut quyt nh quy hiu sang cho Thiu, Thiu ly lm sung sng, theo Tam quc ch l m thm theo k. Nhng ngay nh ngh , Vin Thut cng khng c nh nguyn, v To Tho phi Lu B n H Ph (nay l huyn Tuy Ninh, Giang T) chn nh, ch Vin Thut n np mng. Chng cn cch no khc, Thut phi quay u chy v Hoi Nam. Lc n Giang nh cch Th Xun (nay l huyn Th, An Huy) tm mi dm, Vin Thut lm bnh, nm lit ri cht, ch lm hong c ba nm ri, tt nhin l gi, v khng ai tha nhn. Nghe ni, Vin Thut cht rt thm. Theo ch dn Ng th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Vin Thut truyn, lc Vin Thut cht, bn cnh khng cn cht lng thc no. Hi nh bp th c tr li l cn ba mi h mch vn (10 u l 1 h). u bp nu xong mch vn em ln, Vin Thut vn khng sao nut c. By gi l thng su, kh tri oi bc n kh chu. Vin Thut mun ung cht mt ong cng khng c. Vin Thut ngi mt mnh trn ging th di hi lu ri t nhin ku ln rt thm: Sao Vin Thut ta li ri vo cnh ng th ny! Ku xong th gc xung ging v nn ra c ng mu m cht. Vin Thut c ti nn b bo ng. Khi mun ung mt ong m khng c, liu Vin Thut c nh nhng lc mnh kiu xa dm dt, nhng lc honh hnh bo ngc vi trm h khng. Tam quc ch ni, lc Vin Thut khi binh cp bc, xa x, hoang dm, v , trm h thm kh. Hu Hn th cng ni, khng lo php tc, v vt cp bc, kiu xa v . Sau khi xng , cng thm xa x hoang ph, hu cung hng trm m n t la lt l, sn ho hi v tha ma, qun s th i rt, c vng Giang Hoi x xc, trm h n tht ln nhau. Di s cai tr ca Vin Thut, nhn dn sng nhng ngy nc si la bng, Vng Giang Hoi dn chng n tht ln nhau. Cn Vin Thut ngy ngy sn ho hi v, binh s di quyn cht i cht rt. Loi ngi nh vy khng bi mi l l ! ng nhin, Vin Thut tht bi khng hon ton l trch nhim c nhn. Con ngi Vin Thut cn c mt t u im, mt t bn lnh. Hu Hn th ni Vin Thut thi trai tr ni ting ngha hip. Tam quc ch ni hiu lim, ngoi chc lang

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trung, cn nhn chc trong ngoi triu, lc ng Trc chuyn chnh cn l Hu tng qun, l no li l ci thng rng? Thc t, v ci a v ch tn, quyn lc ti cao ca hong lm m mt Vin Thut. Vin Thut l vt hi sinh ca ch hong quyn. Ni nh vy, s vic ht sc r rng. Xt v gc chnh tr, im ngu xun nht ca Vin Thut l dm lm con chim l u qu sm, trong khi ai cng mun lm hong nhng khng ai dm ng ln hng u. Nn nh rng, chic n tay l ra ngoi th bao gi cng mc nt trc. Nht l lc qun hng ct c, th lc tng ng th mi mi tn s nhm thng vo ai dm ng ln hng u. Bn Vin Thiu hiu nh vy, nn lng d tuy rt kh chu nhng vn phi nhn nhn. To Tho th lng d rt sng. Lc c Tn Quyn khuyn nn xng , Tho nhn thu qu k ca Tn Quyn, ni, thng b ny mun b ta ln cho la y. Vin Thut th khng hiu. Thut ngh rng, mnh ln trc, chim th thng phong, s chng c ai dm lm g? Chng ng xng hiu hong khng phi l thng sch, kt qu ca vic ln trc, khc g chi vi la. Vin Thut cht, Vin Thiu cng phi cht. Ngi tiu dit Vin Thiu vn l To Tho. S thc th im xun ngc ca anh em Vin Thiu, Vin Thut l h khng phn bit c ai s l i th chnh ca h. Trong lc tai ha n vi anh em Vin Thiu, phi lao ao khn kh, th To Tho nh mt ngi sao mi, rc sng ngoi chin trng cng nh trn chnh trng, nn ch cn mt c nh bi hai k t cho mnh l gh gm. S thc chng t, lc u hai anh em nh Vin Thiu khng coi To Tho l g. To Tho mi l cao th chnh tr chn chnh, mi l ngi lun ginh thng li ln nht trong cc cuc u tranh chnh tr, trc trn chin Xch Bch vo nm 208. So vi h, To Tho c u c chnh tr nht, bit phi i x vi hong nh th no, bit phi lm g thng li trong nhng vn trng i. Tp th su: MU SU NGH XA ng Trc ph lp, Vin Thiu lp ngi khc, Vin Thut t lp, iu ni r, nhiu lm h ch l Kiu hng thi lon, ngc li, To Tho mi l nh chnh tr thin ti. Bi v ch c To Tho mi a ra c sch lc chnh tr vi vn ling thp nht, mo him t nht v li ch cao nht trong thi bui hn lon . Vy, sch lc ca To Tho l g? Tp trc, chng ta ni ti ba v kiu hng thi lon. ng Trc v Vin Thiu, Vin Thut, c ba thi ba cch lm trong vn hong : ng Trc ph lp, Vin Thiu lp ngi khc, Vin Thut t lp. Ba cch ny khng th ni l sai, nhng t nht cng l khng quang minh v gi thnh cao, mo him ln v li ch thp. So

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snh mt cht th thy, bin php ca To Tho r rng l cao minh hn nhiu. Tho khng ph lp, cng khng lp ngi khc, cng khng t lp. Tho nghnh n hong hin ti v cn c a ca mnh ri chm lo, cung phng. Sau li dng c hiu ca hong , vi danh ngha l quc gia hiu lnh thin h, nh ph bn phng. Ci gi l p thin t lnh ch hu thng thng l nh vy. Chng ta c th bn thm v vn p thin t. Bao gm c To Tho, To Tho c nh lm v c th lm c nh vy hay khng, u c th bn. Bi v To Tho v c nhng mu s ca mnh, cha ai ni nh vy, cng cha ai p thin t. Cu ny l do ngi khc ni. Gia Ct Lng ni To Tho p thin t lnh ch hu, ngi bn Tn Quyn cng ni To Tho p thin t nh bn phng, Vin Thiu th ni To Tho cn mun p thin t lnh ta. Chng ta u bit, cuc u tranh chnh tr thi l v cng c lit. Li ni ca i phng chc g ng. Cch ni bn pha To Tho l Phng thin t l Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc (Mao Gii) hoc Phng thin t lnh thin h (Gi H). Mi nhn th thy hai cch ni c phn ging nhau, nhng thc ra l khc nhau rt xa. Vy Phng thin t v p thin t khc nhau nhng g? V sao To Tho li lm nh vy? l ch ca ai? To Tho thc hin nh th no? V thc hin nh vy c li g? C iu, trc khi tr li nhng cu hi ny, chng ta nn gii thiu s qua v tnh hnh lc . Nm S Bnh th III (nm 192) thi Hn Hin , t Vng Don lin hp vi L B pht ng chnh bin cung nh, mu git ng Trc. Tam quc din ngha ni thnh, Vng Don thc hin m nhn k v k li gin. y ng nhin l tiu thuyt gia ni, iu Thuyn cng l nhn vt trong h kch t thi Nguyn; v tp kch Lin hon k thi Nguyn ni, iu Thuyn l con gi Nhim Ngang tn l Hng Xng, lm nhim v gi m iu thuyn trong cung, nn gi l iu Thuyn. C iu vic ng Trc v L B hay t tnh vi my nng hu c th l c; ng Trc v vic nh ni gin li nh, cm kch nm L B, cng c th c. V vic , L B n k kh vi Vng Don ni, my ln ng Trc nh git nn rt s. Nhng cu chuyn ny u ghi trong Tam quc ch. Tam quc ch. L B truyn ni, Vng Don bit vy, mun L B tham gia vo hnh ng ca mnh v l st th. L B do d ni, coi nhau nh cha con. Vng Don ni: Ngi h L, khng phi tnh ct nhc, vic g phi s, u cn l cha con. Nhn lc ln triu L B git ng Trc. Cu chuyn xy ra, mi ngi ly lm h hi. Theo ch dn Anh hng k ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. ng Trc truyn, sau khi ng Trc cht, ngi ta nm xc hn ra ng, ngi trng xc, nht bc n vo rn hn, bin ci bng y m kia thnh mt a du v chm la cho chy sut m. Nhng sau ny Vng Don li phm phi sai lm ta nh Vin Thiu, tc l git nhiu ngi, git ngi v c, cha ca Si Vn C, i hc gi Si Ung cng b git. Theo Tam quc ch. ng Trc truyn, lc ch dn Hu Hn th ca T Tha, Bi Tng Chi ni, lc git Si Ung rt nhiu

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ngi phn i, tng n khuyn. Vng Don ni, nm xa Hiu V hong khng git T M Thin, nn c cun sch rt xu. Lc ny vn nc ang xung, lon lc khp ni, qun lnh ca ng Trc cn ngoi thnh, sao c th k gian cm bt ng cnh hong nh tui? Bi Tng Chi khng tha nhn vic ny, nhng Vng Don git Si Ung, git nhiu ngi khc, kch hng lot, li l vic c thc. iu ny buc b h c ca ng Trc phi liu mng nh vo Trng An. n lt Vng Don b bu xc, ch c L B, m ng cht ra V Quan, chy sang Vin Thut Nam Dng, triu nh ri vo tay b h c ca ng Trc l L Thi, Quch D. Hai ngi ny cn th l hn c ng Trc, thng cho Hn Hin va thot khi hang hm ri lun vo si. iu t hi hn l hai con si cn u vi nhau ngay trong . L Thi a hong v doanh tri, Quch D cp trm quan vo trong qun, ng l mt k cp thin t, mt k git cng khanh. V sau hai bn nh nhau n sc cng lc kit, thng vong ln ti hng vn, tnh hnh mi tm yn. Thng by nm Hng Bnh th II (nm 195) b tng ca L Thi l Dng Phng mi cng ng Tha chu ca ng thi hu, h tng thin t v kinh (Lc Dng). Sau mt nm tri phi phiu bt, lu ly, thin t nay bin thnh lng t. Thng by nin hiu Kin An nm u (nm 196), hong v ti Lc Dng. Nhn thy kinh thnh b ng Trc tiu hy khng cn g, thin t mun khc nhng khng cn nc mt. t nc v dn tc ng trc mt cc din hn lon, l iu bt hnh ln, nhng li l c hi ln cho ch hu tranh ginh b nghip. T y h c th nghim, th xem ai trung thnh vi t nc vi nhn dn, th nghim xem ai c th nm bt c c hi pht trin ca mnh. Lc ny nhn li mi thy r, tp on To Tho th nghim hp cch nht. Sau khi n Duyn chu, To Tho cng mu s to dng nn mng cho chin lc chnh tr, chin lc kinh t, chin lc qun s trong mt thi gian di. C th coi l Long Trung i theo Bn ca To Tho hoc Bn ca Mao Gii. Trc ht Mao Gii phn tch tnh hnh cho rng, lc ny x hi lon lc (thin h i lon), t nc mt n nh (quc ch di di), kinh t suy sp (dn sinh bi hoi), tai ha honh hnh (i rt lu vong), c th ni quc khng thi (kho tng nh nc rng khng), dn khng yn (dn chng khng c yn). y khng phi l k lu di (kh gi c). Nh lc ny cn c ngi hng ti i lc ng ra lo liu. y l vic c gi l nghip b vng. Nhng mt s ngi c iu kin nh Vin Thut, Lu Biu, qun dn u mnh, nhng khng nhn xa trng rng, khng c c nn tng c bn. C bn l ci g? Mt l chnh ngha, hai l thc lc. Thc lc, phi ni ti thc lc v kinh t. Bi phi tnh chuyn lng tho trc khi tnh ti chuyn binh m. Lng tho khng th ng ni ti chuyn nh nhau. Thc t th u tranh khng ch l so snh v lc lng qun s, cn l s so snh v kinh t. ng nhin chin tranh khng ch l thc lc m cn l nhn tm. c lng ngi l c thin h. C ngn c chnh ngha th ra qun c danh chnh ngn thun, mi c th ph gic ginh thng li, gi

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l ngi c ngha qun l ngi thng. C kinh t tc l ti ln kh mnh, tin thoi d dng, tc l giu mi gi c a v. Tm li, nu c hai iu kin th tin c th nh, thoi c th gi. V vy, Mao Gii a ra ba kin vi To Tho: phng thin t, lo cy trng, tr qun lng. Mao Gii ni c ngha qun mi thng, giu mi gi c a v, phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc, lo cy trng, tr qun lng, nh vy nghip b vng s thnh. V sao li phi Phng thin t? V, thi hong khng ch l nguyn th quc gia, m cn l dng chnh ca tri xanh, tc l thin t, cn l ngi cha ca thin h, tc l vua cha. Quan nim ny c hnh thnh t rt sm, t thi Ty Chu. Thi Ty Chu khng c hong chi c thin t, Chu vng l ch chung ca thin h, v sau, Tn dit su nc, thng nht thin h Vng ch bin thnh ch, ch chung bin thnh ch ring, cn hong thay cho vua th vn l thin t. Lc ny, dng chnh ca tri xanh, ch ca ngi thin h phiu bt lu ly, n khng no, khng c nh, ch hu ct c mt phng khng gi tay cu vt, rt nhiu ngi cm phn bt bnh, khng mun nh th. Nu c ai c th tn phng thin t th ngi s c lng ngi. Mao Gii l ngi mu su ngh xa. Cn nh lo cy trng, tr qun lng ni r phn trc. Tm li phng thin t l chin lc chnh tr, lo cy trng l chin lc kinh t, tr qun lng l chin lc qun s, nn nh li Mao Gii, y l vn kin c tnh cng lnh. To Tho nghe ngay li ca Mao Gii. Tam quc ch ni l knh theo li , v cho thi hnh lun. n in ni phn trc chnh l lo cy trng, tr qun lng. Cn vic cn lm khc chnh l phng thin t. Nhng lm c iu ny khng phi d. Sau khi Mao Gii c kin, Tho phi s gi n Trng An lin lc vi triu nh. Nhng Thi th H Ni l Trng Dng cn tr s gi, khng cho qu cnh. Lc ny, c mt ngi tn l ng Chiu ra gip. Theo Nhn thoi tam phn ca Trn Nh ng th ng Chiu cn khng c coi l nhn vt th yu trong Tam Quc. Nhng theo ti, vai din ca ng Chiu tuy khng quan trng nhng li thng xut hin vo nhng lc mu cht. Nh lc To Tho nghnh n thin t, Trn Nh ng ni ng Chiu bo ly chiu bi hong ; v sau To Tho tr thnh Ngy cng, Ngy vng, (Tam quc ch) cng ni Do Chiu by ra. Thc t th nhng vic ca To Tho khng phi l cng ca ring ng Chiu. Nh Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc u tin l kin ca Mao Gii. C iu lm c nh vy ng Chiu c tc dng rt ln. ng Chiu vn l ngi ca Vin Thiu, Thiu nghe li dm sinh nghi. ng Chiu phi b Thiu n Lc Dng na ng th Trng Dng thu nhn. Sau khi bit s gi ca To Tho b Trng Dng cn, ng Chiu lin ni, tng qun khng nn ngh Thiu v Tho l ngi mt nh, theo ti, mt ngy no h s tr mt v ngi thng s l To Tho, v To Tho chnh l anh hng thin h lc ny. Nay Tho

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Duyn chu, phi s gi triu kin thin t, ng qua ch tng qun (k thc b Trng Dng ngn li) th y l duyn phn gia tng qun v To Tho! Chi bng tng qun c thun theo lng dn th sau ny hai ngi s tr thnh b bn. Trng Dng bn dng th ln triu nh tin c To Tho. ng Chiu cn t b tin ra dng l ln L Thi, Quch D vi danh ngha ca To Tho, t To Tho c quan h i li vi triu nh. l vic ca nm S Bnh th III (nm 192) thi Hn Hin . n thng mi nm Hng Bnh th II (nm 195), To Tho chnh thc l Duyn chu mc, lc lng cng thm mnh; v vo khong thng by nin hiu Kin An nm u (nm 196) thi Hn Hin , tc l sau mt nm, tri qua bao nm gian nan vt v, hong v n Lc Dng, iu kin nghnh n thin t chn mui. To Tho phi ngi em h ca mnh l Dng V tng qun To Hng i Lc Dng, nhng b V tng qun ng Tha v Vin Thut ngn cn. Lc ny may sao li c ng Chiu, ng Chiu i tm Dng Phng. ng Chiu pht hin thy s qun phit nh lang nh h bn cnh hong c Dng Phng thc lc tuy mnh nhng a bn li mng ang hy vng c ngoi vin. ng Chiu thay mt To Tho vit mt bc th, trc ht l nhng li ca ngi Dng Phng, sau mi ni, nay thin h hn lon Nhng ngi hin phi lm sch vng php, nhng vic khng phi ca mt ngi, cn phi lin hp li. Lin hp nh th no? tng qun l ni ch, ti ngoi vin. Nay ti c lng, tng qun c lnh, iu g cn thiu, ta gip nhau. Hn na ng Chiu cn thay To Tho c li th th cng nhau sng cht. Dng Phng c th, lun gt u cho l phi, lin c Tho l Trn ng tng qun v c tha tp tc ca cha l Ph nh hu. Va lc ng Tha gy mu thun vi nhiu ngi trong triu, cn phi ngi n mi To Tho ra qun n Lc Dng. To Tho khng cn tr ngi g trong vic nghnh n thin t. Ngy 18 thng 8 Kin An nm u (nm 196) thi Hn Hin , To Tho vo Lc Dng bi kin Hn Hin . To Tho mang n cho hong li thm hi li bit lu ngy, em n cho hong lng thc, ru tht lu nay cha thy. Qun thn gp nhau cm khi mun phn. To Tho khng ng rng thin t ch tn m by lu nay n ung chng khc g n my. Hong cng khng ng, trong thi bui lon lc th ny m vn c ngi nh ti mnh. Thin t lin xung chiu ban cho To Tho ph tit v hong vit, chc Lc Thng th s. Cm ph tit l c quyn chp php trong qun, cm hong vit l c quyn chi huy trong ngoi, Lc Thng th s c quyn chp php ti cao. Bc u, To Tho thnh cng. Nhng ch c th coi y l bc u tin ca cuc vn l trng chinh. Bi lc ny hong ang trong tay ngi khc th quyn uy g. To Tho ang phi da vo a bn ngi khc v hong th khng c quyn uy. Vy thc hin quyn chp php vi ai, ly g thc hin quyn ch huy, quyn hnh chnh ti cao! Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc, n gin chi l vic ngy rng thng di. V vy; To Tho cn phi bc tip bc th hai, a hong v bn cnh mnh.

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Trong bc th hai cng c cng sc ca ng Chiu. Sau khi n Lc Dng, To Tho c cuc tr chuyn vi ng Chiu. To Tho mi ng Chiu ngi cng, cm t ng Chiu v m thm gip , ng thi hi k tip theo. ng Chiu ni, tng qun c ngha qun tr bo lon, a thin t vo triu, ph t hong tht, l s nghip ca T Hon cng v Tn Vn cng nm no! Nhng lc ny s tng lnh bn cnh thin t khc ngi khc lng, chc g h phc tng. Nu c li Lc Dng ph t hong thng s th s bt tin. Bin php duy nht Di gi v Ha, tc l mi hong thng v huyn Ha, cn c a ca tng qun. C iu, Trng Chiu cng ni, vic ny chng d dng g. Bi v ng Trc p hong n Trng An, dn chng on than bi phn. Chng d dng g hong mi v c Lc Dng, thin h ci u mong ch, hy vng t nay thin h s yn n. Nu lc ny li i gi, e ngi ngi s khng phc. ng l mt vic kh khn. Sau , ng Chiu nhn mnh Lm vic phi thng, mi c cng phi thng, mong tng qun cn nhc k. R rng y l mt th thch vi To Tho. To Tho ni lun, ti ngh ti chuyn ny. C iu, Dng Phng ngay bn, nghe ni qun lnh Dng Phng qu li hi, s li b ngn cn. ng Chiu ni, khng h g, Dng Phng hu dng v mu, li khng c phe ng, khng phi lo lng. Tng qun nn c th cho Dng Phng vi hu l v ni, Lc Dng khng c lng thc, phi i ly lng L Dng. L Dng cch huyn Ha trong gang tc, nhng u phi ni i l i c ngay? L Dng cch huyn Lng, a bn ca Dng Phng cng khng xa, Dng Phng tt chng nghi ng, vic g cn phi e ngi. To Tho lm theo k, qu nhin a c hong v huyn Ha! Lc ny, Dng Phng mi bit l mnh b la. Lc ng Chiu vi danh ngha l To Tho gi th n, Dng Phng ngh, To Tho s hp tc vi mnh nh li l trong th, Phng xut qun, Tho xut lng. Dng Phng ch tr triu chnh, To Tho l ngoi vin. Dng Phng u c ng, l no To Tho li chu lm b tng hu cn cho ngi khc? M gn nh ngi khc phi lm b tng hu cn cho To Tho! ng nhin, Dng Phng cng khng ng To Tho vi danh ngha l tm v L Dng nhng thc cht l di v Ha huyn. Dng Phng bc tc mun thanh ton n nn vi To Tho, nhng li b To Tho t mt so huyt, cui cng nh phi chy sang vi Vin Thut. Hong di v Ha huyn tm trong hnh vin ca To Tho, thin t cm thy mn nguyn. Trc khi v Ha huyn, hong v cc quan chng khc g nhng k n xin. Theo Hu Hn th. Hin k, lc Lc Dng, hong tm trong nh lo thi gim Triu Trung, cn trm quan th chng bit n u u, cc quan t thng th lang tr xung phi i kim rau di v n, c ngi cht v i, c ngi b lon qun git cht. To Tho ci thin nhiu cuc sng ca h, To Tho lm vic g cng chu o t m khc g mt qun gia! iu khin thin t cng thm cm

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ng l, nhng lc cung cp vt dng hng ngy cho thin t, To Tho lun dng phng thc vt dng c tr v v vi mt o Dng ln vt s mn. To Tho ni, y l my th tin ban tng cho ng ca thn. y l n sng ca tin , lc nh, ng ca thn u dm dng ti. Nay hong thng n bt tin, thn chng c cht cng lao no, sao dm gi li? Cn c tr v. y l iu rt hay. Nn nh, khi gip ai, iu quan trng l ng ngi ta cm thy nh ang nhn ca b th, thiu hn tnh ngi, cng khng nh ngi n nhc nh ngi khc l h ang c mnh gip . Ha Du sai lm t iu ny v phi cht sm. ng nhin, thn t dng vt dng ln hong thng, xa nay u gi l hiu knh. Nhng trong nhng thi im c bit th ny th hiu knh v b th khc g nhau u. Lc ny, thn t ni c ch hiu knh coi nh kh . Nhng y To Tho li ni tr v! Tr v v hiu knh l khc nhau. Ni hiu knh th vt l ca bn, hong phi n mt cht tnh ngi. Tr v, ni vt vn l ca hong thng, To Tho khng mt mt cht tnh ngi, Hong thng nhn m khng h, To Tho th nn lm. Nh vy l tnh ngi . C tnh ngi m nh khng c, To Tho tht l cao minh. Phn tinh t ca To Tho khin hong phi cm ng, khin ngi khc cm nhn To Tho l mt i trung thn. Hong cm thy sung sng v c mt trung thn nh vy, sung sng hn v tri xanh ban cho mnh mt cu tinh nh vy. T nay khng phi lu ly kh s, khng cn l mn hng k gi trong tay bn qun phit, khng lo s b ph trut, b st hi bt c lc no. c v thn h v, c sng nhng ngy yn n. Th ri, thin t li xung chiu, b nhim To Tho lm i tng qun, phong V Bnh hu. V Bnh hu cao hn hai cp so vi Ph nh hu (trn nh hu l hng hu, trn hng hu l huyn hu). Quan i tng qun l chc v thc quyn cao nht ca vng triu i Hn k t thi V snh vi Tam cng a v cao hn, quyn lc ln hn. Th l To Tho hon thnh trnh t phng thin t, t ti a v cao qu di mt ngi, trn vn ngi, To Tho c th lnh ch hu c cha? Cha. Th nht, Vin Thiu khng nghe li To Tho. Sau kh l i tng qun, c th v mun c s cn bng hoc v mun an i bn c, To Tho, mn danh ngha hong , b nhim Vin Thiu lm thi y, phong Nghip hu. Vin Thiu nhy ln c tuyt khng tip nhn, v thi y tuy l chc quan cao nht nm qun s trong c nc, l mt tam cng, nhng a v li di i tng qun. Theo ch dn Hin Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Vin Thiu truyn, Vin Thiu phn n ni vi ngi khc, To Tho sut cht my ln, ln no ta cng cu hn, sao gi hn li dm i ln u ta, hn l ci th g vy! Chng l li mun p thin t lnh ta?

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Con ngi Vin Thiu tuy xut thn cao qu nhng li rt hp hi. C th y l mt trong s nhng nguyn nhn khin cui cng Vin Thiu tht bi. Ngc li, To Tho rt i lng. Bit rng lc ny khng th tr mt vi Vin Thiu, To Tho dng biu xin t chc i tng qun nhng cho Vin Thiu. Lc ny, Vin Thiu thy mnh khng mt s din, mi khng ph na. Thc tnh, th Vin Thiu cng khng trong triu, nn d c hiu lnh th hiu lnh cng ch quanh qun trong a bn ca mnh, nn i tng qun hay Tiu tng qun c khc g nhau? Hung h y l chc v To Tho nhng cho th c g l s din, ch cho hu th ch ci. Hn na To Tho ch gi s din cho Vin Thiu, khng h cho Vin Thiu thc quyn v cng khng nghe Vin Thiu ch huy. Theo ch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k, lc Vin Thiu cn mun To Tho tm ba ra ti g git Dng Bu v Khng Dung, To Tho khng nghe li Thiu. To Tho bit Vin Thiu c th vi Dng Bu v Khng Dung, bn thn mnh cng chng thch g Dng Bu v Khng Dung, nhng bit lc ny khng phi l lc git ngi, cng khng th git ba danh s, m d c git th u phi l vic ca mnh, u cn n s ch huy ca Vin Thiu? To Tho lin c th ni r tnh hnh hin nay cho Vin Thiu, Thin h ang lc bng tan ni l, ho kit ni ln khp ni, qun thn nhn nhau, khng cng lng cng khng cng c trn di cn nghi ng ln nhau. L ngi chp chnh, nu khng thnh tm c x vi ngi khc, s khng c c lng tin ca mi ngi. Nu li mun git hai ngi , th trnh sao khi mi ngi s lo lng? Nh trc y, n nh c triu nh, Cao hong phong hu ng Si - ngi xch mch vi mnh, chng nh cc h li qun chuyn ny sao? Vi n Thiu c tin, tc n mun cht, cho rng, b ngoi To Tho l ch nhn v t, thc t trong lng y qu k, cn mun gi tr trch mc ngi khc, thc ng hn! ng nhin, To Tho cng hiu r tm t ca Vin Thiu v s c mt ngy hai bn cng khai tr mt. C iu, qua vic quy ph ca Vin Thiu, Tho thc c vic khng n gin nh suy ngh. ng tng rng c nm c tiu hong , c lm i tng qun th thin h s l ca mnh. Khng h g! Thc t, Vin Thiu khng theo, Vin Thut cng khng theo, l qun phit nh nh L B, Trng T cng khng theo, cha ni n nhng ngi xa nh Lu Biu v Tn Sch. C hiu ca hong khng th thay th gm gio, mun c thin h phi gi nm m ra. V vy, nu ni To Tho sau khi v Ha p thin t lnh ch hu l khng ng. Vo thi , To Tho cha c bn lnh v cng cha chc ngh ti iu . V vy Mao Gii kin ngh Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc khng phi p thin t lnh ch hu. Hai iu khc nhau v bn cht. Phng l tn phng, ng h; p l p buc, li dng, lnh k cha thn phc l mun a phng phc tng trung ng; lnh ch hu, l mun ngi khc phi phc tng mnh. V vy, Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc l cng lnh chnh tr vi mc ch l thc hin

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thng nht t nc; p thin t lnh ch hu l sch lc chnh tr, mc ch l thc hin d tm c nhn. Hai cch ni sao c th hn hp lm mt? Vy, To Tho thc lng mun Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc hay l p thin t lnh ch hu? Tp th by: VO TRC L CH To Tho l mt thin ti v chnh tr, tp trung biu hin vic nghnh n thin t, di v Ha huyn. C th c hai cch gii thch v ng c ca vic ny. 1 ng h vic thng nht t nc, cn phi ng h hong , ngi tng trng cho s thng nht, loi b cc ch hu dn n chia ct t nc, tc l Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc; 2 - To Tho mun thc hin d tm chnh tr c nhn, coi hong nh mt con bi, hng tiu dit nhng k khc , tc l p thin t lnh ch hu. Vy, suy ngh thc t ca To Tho l g? Tp trc ni, sau khi n Lc Dng gp hong , To Tho nghe theo k ca ng Chiu, mi thin t v cn c a ca mnh, t di v Ha huyn. Nhiu ngi cho rng To Tho bt u p thin t lnh ch hu. Nhng phn trc chng ta ni, cng lnh chnh tr ca To Tho l Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc, khng phi p thin t lnh ch hu. Vy, cu ni p thin t lnh ch hu l t u ra? Chnh mu s ca Vin Thiu ni. Vin Thiu c hai mu s ni cu ny, mt l Th Th, Hai l in Phong. Th Th ni l p thin t lnh ch hu, sn sng binh m nh k cha thn phc, in Phong th ni l p thin t lnh ch hu, ch cn ch tay l bn bin yn bnh. li ch dn Hin Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k c ghi li ca in Phong, li ca Th Th ghi trong li ch dn Hin truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Vin Thiu truyn. Li Th Th ni trc ni tng tn, chng ta ni v Th Th. Sau khi la ly c K chu t tay Hn Phc, nhn tin, Vin Thiu nhn Th Th lm mu s. Trnh Vin Thiu cao hn Hn Phc nhiu. Nn Th Th bng lng lm vic cho Vin Thiu. Theo Tam quc ch. Vin Thiu truyn, sau khi Th Th v vi Vin Thiu, hai ngi c bui tr chuyn. Ging nh li ni ca Mao Gii c th coi l Long Trung i Bn Vin Thiu, ht sc bng by. Th Th ni, tng qun anh hng ci th, tui nh ti cao tun t. Tui tr mi vo triu nh m ting tm vang xa bn bin va i m ln triu, ni ting c nc trc ng Trc bo hnh phn nghch, ngi biu hin i ngha lm lit (cnh s ph lp l trung ngha ngi ngi); mt mnh mt nga ph vng vy, ng Trc phi kinh hn lc phch (ci nga thot vy, ng Trc kinh hong); vt Hong H nhn chc Bt Hi (dy qun mt trn)

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c c K chu ng h, tht l uy trn hi h, danh cn thin h! Lc ny thin h cn cha thi bnh (Khn Vng quy nhiu, Hc Sn ph phch), nhng liu c ai dm ngn cn bc tin ca ngi? Lc ny ngi Ct qun v pha ng, s ly c Thanh chu; quay li nh Hc Sn, Trng Yn s cht; a qun v pha bc, Cng Tn tt bi; lm chn ng Nhung ch, Hung N tt phi theo, hon ton c th Tung honh pha bc sng ln, hp c bn chu li, thu nhn ti tr ca anh hng, qun s c hng trm vn ngi s tr thnh anh hng cu th gi a v quan trng. By gi ngi mi hong t Trng An v (nghnh gi t Ty kinh), khi phc x tc v t miu Lc Dng (Dng li tng miu Lc p), sau Hiu lnh thin h, nh k cha thn phc. Tng qun c u th chnh tr nhng y th ai dm tranh cao thp vi tng qun (t y tranh cao thp ai ch ni)? Chng bao lu cng ln s thnh. Vin Thiu nghe thy m nng ran c ngi, v biu l li ni thc hp lng ta, nhng tic l cha c thi hnh. Sau ln cn c thm mt ln tr chuyn na, li ni cng r rng hn, thi gian l trc lc To Tho nghnh n thin t khng lu. Theo ch dn Hin truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Vin Thiu truyn, Th Th ni, t lc ng Trc gy mm ha ln, thin t lu ly tht s, tng miu b hy hoi, ch hu vi danh ngha l ct ngha qun, nhng thc t l tn st ln nhau (ngoi l ngha qun, trong l tn st), khng ai tn sng thin t, ngh n trm h (khng bit tn vua, thng dn). By gi, v s b, tng qun gi yn c chu vc, nn nghnh n thin t v nh Nghip Thnh ri p thin t lnh ch hu, sn sng binh m nh k cha thn phc v cn ai ch ni vi ngi? Nhng li , Vin Thiu nghe rt lt tai, nhng tic thay nhng ngi khc li phn i. Hn Hin ni ngi phn i l Quch . Nhng Tam quc ch li ni Quch l ngi tn thnh v cn ch trng nghnh n thin t v di v Nghip Thnh. Chng ta cng cha r v im ny. C iu, nhng ngi bt nho ni, vng triu i Hn sp i t ri, chng ta cn lo vc dy h chng phi l mua vic hay sao? Lc ny mi ngi ang mun chim Trung Nguyn. Ngi ra tay trc l ngi mnh, c th l vng ngay. Nu li a bo bi l hong n bn mnh, ngy ngy phi thnh th, vic vic phi hi , thc l phin h. Nu nghe theo hong th mnh chng l g c (nghe th mt quyn); nu khng nghe s l vi mnh (khng nghe l chng lnh), chu sao ni (khng phi l k hay). Vin Thiu th sao, ngh ti Hn Hin l do ng Trc dng nn (khng phi Thiu), trong lng li thy bc, qun ngay ngh . Khng th b l thi c, thi c s khng n ln th hai. Vin Thiu do d. To Tho nng tay trn. Phen ny n lt Vin Thiu trn xoe mt kinh ngc. Sau khi To Tho nghnh n Hin , di v huyn Ha, khng nhng khng mt i mt th g hoc b ngi khc tri buc, m ngc li cn thu c nhiu th. To Tho c mt vng t rng pha nam Hong H, nhn dn vng Quan Trung ua nhau

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theo v (nhn t H Nam, Quan Trung theo v). Quan trng hn, To Tho c c ngun vn chnh tr to ln, khng ch tr thnh anh hng khi phc Hn tht, c a v Di mt ngi trn vn ngi c th a phi phn i vo v tr bt li tr thnh nhng k bt nhn bt ngha. T , mi vic nh b nhim quan li, m rng a bn hoc nh nhng k khc cnh, ch th v chnh tr, To Tho u c th ly danh ngha ca hong , vic lm bt ngha tr thnh vic lm chnh ngha. Cn l i th th sao? u rt b ng. Phn i To Tho tht nguy him, chng khc g phn i hong thng. D c ging cao ngn c qut sch l nnh thn th cng khng bng To Tho trc tip dng danh ngha hong xung chiu va danh chnh ngn thun va c li. Sau ny, lc Vin Thiu mun nh To Tho, Th Th v Thi Dim ni Thin t Ha , nh Ha l phm iu ngha. Gia Ct Lng cng ni v To Tho p thin t lnh ch hu, thc khng th tranh cao thp To Tho vo trc s l ch, c nhiu iu li. Vin Thiu chu nhiu thit thi. Theo Hu Hn th. Vin Thiu truyn, To Tho va nghnh n hong v huyn Ha, lp tc vi danh ngha hong c mt o chiu th cho Vin Thiu, trch Thiu t rng qun ng, chi lo lp phe ng, khng thy ra qun cn vng, nay nh ngi ny, mai nh ngi khc. Vin Thiu tip chiu, trong lng gin si ln, nhng nh phi nn nhn, dng th gii trnh. Vin Thiu hi hn, lin ngh cch b cu. Ly l do Ha l vng t trng, Lc Dng b tn ph, yu cu To Tho di hong v Quyn Thnh (nay l huyn Quyn Thnh, Sn ng) gn vi ch ca mnh, mong c cng To Tho hng vng bi. ng l nm m ly c v. Tho ci thm, ri cng quyt c tuyt. Lc , mu s l in Phong ni vi Thiu, vic di khng thnh, phi nhanh chng nh huyn Ha (k di khng thnh, phi ly Ha phng nghnh thin t), nu khng li khng kp. Vin Thiu khng theo. Thc t, v vic ny To Tho cao hn Vin Thiu mt ci u. Cao hn ch no? Cao cch iu, cao phm v. Nn nh, kin ngh ca Th Th (p thin t lnh ch hu) l khc vi kin ngh ca Mao Gii (Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc). tp trc ni: phng l tn phng, ng h, p l p buc, li dng. Mc ch ca Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc l thc hin thng nht t nc p thin t lnh ch hu mc ch l thc hin d tm c nhn. Mt ng l quang minh, mt ng l ma qu, sao c th ging nhau? Mao Gii ni ng ngha qun s thng. V kh th th bt ngha l km xa. V d To Tho nghe theo Mao Gii nghnh phng thin t khng phi thc lng mun vc dy Hn tht sp , m ch coi hong l l bi, th v sch lc cao hn Vin Thiu. Bi v hong khng ch l l bi, m cn l l bi rt tuyt. L bi tuyt ch va h va thc. Ni l h, v lc ny hong , ng ni ti kin cng c on m ngay c t do v thn th cng chng c, hon ton do ngi khc sp t ging con ri eo dy. V vy, ch cn gi tay ra l c l bi . Ni l thc, v mi

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ngi u bit hong l khng thc, l vt trang tr, nhng liu ai dm ni khng, c th khng cn, chng ai dm ni hong ci trung nh trong ng thoi. Hong c dn d g, c hiu lnh g, mi ngi u phi ra v phc tng (C mt s vic phi lm theo), khng dm ging mt, h ming ni ngc. Ch c th l nh vy, khi hai bn i ch, th bn no cng ni c hong cho php. Trong triu, buc hong phi xung chiu, ni khc ni khng l mt chiu ca hong , c vy th hnh ng ca mnh mi ng, mi chnh ngha. Nh vy, hong l l bi rt c ch, hn na l vng bi th k g t u ti? Cn nh ni, hong cnh ri vic g cng phi thnh th, chi bng c xa ra, ri mun ngh g th ngh, mun lm g th lm, ng l ngh in hnh ca l tng cp, u c chnh tr rng khng. Tri th cao hong th xa, nu v hong ny l con ri th gn hn mt cht chng tin hn sao? Thnh th hi bo, khu u hnh l ng nhin l vn cn. Nhng ch cn suy ngh mt cht cng hiu ngay l vic nh. Tiu hong lc mi 16 tui, cn l mt a tr. Lc u nm trong tay ng Trc, v sau li ri vo tay Vng Don v nhng ngi khc, cha h nm quyn. L Thi, Quch D cn x ln nhau qun binh gp nhau thnh Trng An, hong c ngi n ging ha, nhng chng ai chu theo. ng ng l thin t, cha ni ti vic hiu lnh thin h, mt vic cn con nh vy cng khng hon thnh. Hong ng thng, n ch Vin Thiu th cn g l dng v mt thin t, c th khng cng sng c vi Vin i nhn? u tranh chnh tr v lm ngh bun bn l ging nhau, phi chim c c hi bun bn. Vng bi ch c mt tm, bn khng chim th ngi khc s chim. Th Th tng ni: Quyn khng th l, ct thn tc, Nu chm, s c ngi ly mt. Tic l Vin Thiu nghe khng lt tai. Mi hay, vic nghnh phng thin t cng c hai cch ni. Mao Gii ni mt cch, Th Th ni mt cch. Vy, suy ngh thc ca To Tho l g? Tho mun Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc hay mun p thin t lnh ch hu y? R rng cc mu s ca To Tho ch trng cch ni trc. Quan im ca Mao Gii v Tun c l nh vy. Tun c vn l ngi ca Vin Thiu, nhng Tun c rng Thiu khng thnh c vic ln, nn ngay t nm S Bnh th II (nm 191) thi Hn Hin ri Vin Thiu chy n vi To Tho, lc ch l Thi th ng qun, To Tho sung sng ni, y chnh l Trng Lng ca ta! Kin An nm u (nm 196), lc To Tho quyt nh nghnh n thin t, nhiu ngi khng tn th nh (ch tng cn nghi ng), Tun c v Trnh Dc ra sc ng h. Chng ta khng sao hiu c Trnh Dc ni nhng g, cn nhng iu Tun c ni c ghi trong Tam quc ch. Tun c truyn. Chng ta xem Tun c ni nhng g. Tun c ni, mun u tranh chnh tr, phi c chnh ngha, t ra cng phi c mt ngn c chnh ngha. Nm , Tn Vn cng nghnh n Chu Tng vng, b vng t i ui c, v Vng Thnh, kt qu cc ch hu u hng ng; Cao hong

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mc o gi ch hiu vi S Hoi vng - b S B vng st hi, kt qu l thin h ng lng. y chnh l sc hiu triu ca l c chnh ngha. Lc ng Trc gy ha nn cho t nc, ngi l ngi u tin ging cao ngn c chnh ngha i dp lon (ku gi ngha qun); lc thin t lu ly tht s, chnh ngi khng qun nguy him, phi c s gi i (thng s khng k nguy him). iu ni ln ci g? Ngi tng giy tng pht ngh n vng tht (lng d lun ngh ti vng tht), ngi lun tm nguyn khi phc li thin h (tng qun c ch khi phc li thin h)! Lc ny thin t cn ng ngng (xa gi cn qun quanh), Lc Dng hoang tn (ng Kinh cy c mc y), ngi trung ngha lun hy vng gi c quc bn (ngha s mun gi c ci gc), nhn dn cng thm au bun khi nh li nhng ngy huy hong ca i Hn lc trc (trm h nh ci c m thm au). Vy phi hnh ng ngay, lm nhng vic m tng qun mun lm. l thi c, lng ngi s hn lon. Ch lc mi ngi chia ct (bn phng xu x), mi ng ra lo liu th e mun. T , Tun c a ra ba cng lnh ln cho To Tho, thun theo dn tn phng thin t (phng cha thng theo nguyn vng ca dn), ch cng v t cng ho phi hng phc (ly ch cng thu phc hng kit), cao chnh ngha cao chnh ngha c nhiu nhn ti chiu m anh hng. Tun c ni: Phng cha thng theo nguyn vng ca dn l xu th ln nht hin nay, l i thun; Ly ch cng thu phc hng kit, l chin lc ln nht, i lc; cao chnh ngha c nhiu nhn ti, l c hnh ln nht, l i c'. i thun ch tn, i lc ch cng, i c ch ngha. C ba cng lnh ln , th ng ng chnh chnh, kh trm sng ni, cn g m khng thng. Nu c k no h ho chng li, gy rc ri, th cng ch l b nga cn ng, chu chu voi, chuc ly dit vong. Li ni ca Tun c thm m iu i ngha, To Tho ly lm knh phc. Nu so snh li l ca Tun c v Th Th, th trnh , phm v cao thp khc nhau r rng. Tun c tm vo ch ngha, Th Th nhn vo ch li; Tun c trc sau chi ngh ti mt vic: Bo v hong hin nay cng l bo v s thng nht t nc, l i ngha. Th Th nhc i nhc li ln na sch lc: nm ly hong hin nay s c vn ling v chnh tr, l li ln. Cho nn c hai ngi u cho l phi nm ly thi c, ch khc nhau v cch nhn. Tun c ni, ch lc mi ngi chia ct, mi ng ra lo liu e l mun. Cn Th Th, nu khng mnh bo ra tay trc, ngi khc cp mt l bi hong th s khng cn kp na. ng nhin, Th Th ni nay nghnh triu nh gi ch ngha nhng ging ni chng mn m g. Ni chng mn m g tht khng ging vi ging iu ca Th Th, m ht nh ging iu ca Vin Thiu. Mu s mun thuyt phc ch ca mnh th lun phi ni theo s suy ngh ca ch. Th Th hiu ra ch li v Vin Thiu trng li; Tun c chn ch ngha v To Tho trng ngha, ch t th vo nm 196, To Tho cng trng ngha hoc v nh trng ngha.

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C iu, bt k l quyt sch no, cch ni no th u l con dao hai li. Mao Gii v Tun c vch ra ng li chnh tr chnh xc v ngn c chnh ngha cho To Tho, i m cao cho To Tho v cng tht mt ci ai nguyn ra cho To Tho. Nht l ba cng lnh ln, tn phng thin t, ch cng v t v nu cao chnh ngha m Tun c xut khng ch ton din d tm c nhn ca To Tho; v hai cu ni lng d lun ngh ti vng tht, tng qun c ch kh khi phc li thin h, c coi l li ca To Tho, qun To Tho rt cht, khin cho To Tho sut i khng dm thay th hong khng dm xng . C th v nguyn nhn , nn khi d tm ca To Tho bnh trng, To Tho on hn hai ngi. Tun c b bc phi t st, Mao Gii cng b h ngc, sut na thi cht. u l nhng chuyn v sau ny. Vo nm 196, v c bn, To Tho vn mun l anh hng thi lon, lun ch trng tn phng hong , ng h vic thng nht t nc. Theo ch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k, su nm trc khi Vin Thiu mun lp Lu Ngu lm hong , To Tho tng tr li Vin Thiu, rng: Ti c ca ng Trc ni khp bn bin. Lin qun ca chng ta, s d c nhiu ngi ng h v hng ng, bi chng ta l chnh ngha. Nay hong tui nh, th c lc mng, b gian thn khng ch, bn thn cha c sai lm g. Mt khi b thay i th thin h yn tm sao c? Cui cng To Tho va bi va phn ni: cc v c ln bc, ring ti s v pha ty! Cng tc l ni, cc v c n U chu m triu bi hong mi, c nhn ti s v hng ty vo Trng An, bo v hong . Li To Tho khng di, nhng hm cha nhiu n ngha, biu hin r lp trng chnh tr: ch trng thng nht, phn i chia ct, bi v chia ct cng l chin tranh cng l kh au cho trm h. To Tho c mt bi th, bi Hao l hnh. l li than khc khp ni, ngi cht i y ng, thc l th thm, To Tho ni: Quan ng c ngha s, khi binh nh hung tn. Hp qun Minh Tn, lng ngh v Hm Dng. Hp qun, lc khng , dn qun m i ch. Tranh nhau v li th, li cng nhau tng tn. Hoi Nam xng hiu, khc t bc phng. Gip tr y chy rn, trm h chuc thng vong. Xng trng phi ng xa, ngn dm khng ting g, Dn sinh trm cn mt, ngh m au nhc rut. To Tho khng n nhn ht cnh . V vy, To Tho ch trng thng nht t nc v c i ra sc phn u. Mun thng nht t nc cn c s tng trng cho thng nht. Lc ny chnh l hong . Hong l ai khng quan trng. Lc iu kin thnh thc; cng c kh nng mnh s lm hong , cng khng th c hai hong . To Tho phn i ng Trc, v Trc lm mt ht gi tr ca hong . To Tho phn i Vin Thiu, v Thiu mun lp mt hong khc, To Tho quyt khng rt khi v i chnh tr v ngay c khi iu kin thnh thc cng s khng ln thay Hn Hin , bi v gi s t nc khng c ta, khng bit c my ngi xng , my ngi xng Vng. V vy, thng nht t nc, To Tho nguyn s nhn nhn, khng th c c ng hong .

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Nhng nu ni, lc ny To Tho khng c cht d tm no th khng ng. Theo li ch dn Hn k Trng Phan ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. V k, mt s liu, khng chc lm, lc c c Thi s cng l Vng Lp nhiu ln ni vi hong , thin mnh sp ht, ng hnh khng cn thnh. Thay th nh Hn tt l Ngy. Ch c To th mi yn c thin h. To Tho nghe vy, lin cho ngi ni vi Vng Lp: Ngi trung vi triu nh, o tri l su xa, xin ng nhiu li. iu ny tht kh tin nht l cu ngi thay Hn li l Ngy, trong lc To Tho va nghnh phng thin t, l no li c ngi ni nh vy. C iu, nhng li To Tho c ghi trong sch li rt ph hp vi suy ngh tht ca To Tho. Lc ny, c th To Tho c d tm, t ra cng thy thoi mi khi nghe nhng li nh vy, nhng To Tho hiu l khng th ni. Khng th ni, khng c ngha l khng th lm. Sau khi di v huyn Ha, To Tho dn dn t phng thin t bin thnh p thin t. S chuyn bin l v tnh hay hu , l c d nh t trc hay t nhin, n nay vn cha c cch g lm r. Tri li, To Tho ngy mt chuyn quyn, ngy mt bo ngc, ngy mt b o, khng coi hong ra g, bn thn hong cng cm thy t ch c tn phng bin thnh b giam lng, nn mi c s kin chiu trong ai o vo nm Kin An th V (nm 200). Vic ny c ghi trong Tam quc ch v Hu Hn th, c coi l thc. Tam quc ch. Tin ch truyn ni Hin cu (nhc ph). Xa k tng qun ng Tha nhn mt chiu trong ai o, git To cng... s vic bi l, Tha v nhng ngi khc u b git Hu Hn th. Hin k cng ni, thng ging nm th V, Xa k tng qun ng Tha, Bin tng qun Vng Phc, Vit K hiu y Chng Tp nhn mt chiu git To Tho, s vic bi l. Nm Nhm Ng, To Tho git ng Tha v nhng ngi khc, tru di c ba h. Chng ta u bit Hn Hin trng thnh trong hn lon, tai nn, sm tr thnh ngi bit nhn nhn. Nu khng b bc qu th khng c vic phi ra mt chiu, mi hay lc To Tho in cung ti mc no. C iu vic ny rt kh ni, v nhng iu ghi trong chnh s cha hn l thc tt c. Trn Nh ng cng ni, s kin chiu trong ai o vn cn l nghi n xa nay, i s s hc L T Min cng t ra nghi ng. V sau chng ta cn ni li chuyn ny. S thc th Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc v p thin t lnh ch hu cng khng mu thun g. Bi v mun duy tr s thng nht ca t nc th cn phi loi b s ch hu dn n chia ct t nc, cn nh mun thc hin d tm chnh tr ca mnh th cn phi tiu dit nhng k khc . Mc ch tuy khc nhau, nhng kt qu s vic li nh nhau. ch To Tho th s vic ny khng h c mu thun, v d tm ca c nhn To Tho v i nghip thng nht t Nc c mi quan h mt thit vi nhau. To Tho hiu r, mun thc hin d tm c nhn, phi thc hin thng nht t nc; ch c thc hin thng nht t nc, Tho mi thc hin c d tm c nhn. V vy, v mt chin lc, trc m ng trong triu nh To Tho phi Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc, lc no th p thin t lnh ch hu

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l th on l con bi. Lc no th ging c, lc no th p thin t lnh ch hu, To Tho bit rt r v lm rt kho. Hung chi vic ny cn c ci li khc, tc l To Tho cn c v s nhn ti c li hn bt k ai khc. Vi danh ngha ca chnh ph trung ng, To Tho c th c c v s nhng ngi hin minh thm ch l chiu np nhiu ngi n u hng, u l nhng ngi hy vng c v nc v dn, v ch c n ch To Tho mi t r c quang minh chnh i, danh chnh ngn thun. y cng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn Lu B v Tn Quyn phn bit To Tho v Hn tht, coi To Tho l Hn tc. Nhng d th no i na, th v mt ny, To Tho xng ng hn nhiu ngi khc. Bi v ra sc v hong xng ng hn ra sc v ch hu, v ra sc v hong c khc g ra sc v To Tho. t ra, To Tho c th gia quan tin tc cho s nhn ti ca mnh vi danh ngha hong , vi bng lc ca t nc. Quan v l ca t nc, nhn ti l ca mnh, To Tho lm kh gn cuc mua bn ny. Tm li, sau khi a hong v huyn Ha, To Tho bc ln mt nc thang mi. To Tho c ngun nhn lc c vn ling v chnh tr. To Tho mt tay gi cao ngn c chnh ngha ng h Hn tht hiu triu thin h, hiu lnh ch hu, nghim nhin tr thnh cha cu th ca vng triu i Hn; mt tay khc li len ln rt dao t sau lng v ra tay cc nhanh. To Tho mun bng ngn ao p bng bn bin, thng nht chn chu. Vy, To Tho c c thun li khng? Tp th tm: QU SAI THN KHIN Sau khi To Tho nghnh n thin t v di v huyn Ha, c c ngun nhn lc v vn ling chnh tr to ln. Th l To Tho mt tay ging c, mt tay rt ao, ly hiu triu thin h, hiu lnh ch hu, p bng bn bin, thng nht chn chu, Lm c nh vy khng phi d v khng th hon ton thun li. Trong cuc u tranh gian kh v khc lit , my ln sut na ton qun thua to, To Tho phi cht sm. Vy, nguyn nhn g khin To Tho c th chuyn nguy thnh an, chuyn bi thnh thng, v li c ai c qu thn sai khin n bn cnh, gip To Tho trong lc c tnh quyt nh ? Phn trn chng ta ni, vo nm Kin An nm u (nm 196) thi Hn Hin , To Tho lm c hai vic ln, mt l nghnh n thin t, di v huyn Ha, hai l thc thi ch n in. Vic trc khin To Tho c c u th v mt chnh tr (Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc), vic sau khin To Tho c bi thu v mt kinh t (c hng trm vn u thc). Ngi ngi hng v v thin t c no Ha , rt nhiu ngi n nh cy To Tho. Ngay c Lu B lc cn cha th hin c g, cng cng Quan V, Trng Phi, chy ti. Th l, vi ci vn chnh tr hng hu, nhn ti ng c, lng thc sung tc, To Tho bt u cuc chinh pht ca mnh.

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Lc u c nhiu thun li c bit. Thng ging nm Kin An th II (nm 197), To Tho nam chinh, Trng T ct c Uyn Thnh (nay l th trn Nam Dng, H Nam) phi ra hng. Lc ny cch lc To Tho thc hnh chin lc Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc cha n vi thng. Va rt dao ra, qun khng phi mu ginh c thng li, Tho c phn t mn, hnh vi c ch c phn tu tin thiu thn trng hn. Theo ch dn Ph t ca Bi Tng Chi trong bn chnh Tam quc ch. Trng T truyn, lc To Tho lm hai vic khng nn lm, mt l cng p thm ca Trng T (tc l v ca Trng T) lm thip, Trng T cm thy nhc nh (T rt hn); hai l li ko H Xa, b tng lun cnh Trng T, Trng T cm thy b uy hip (nghi rng Thi t mun t hu git mnh). Nghe ni Trng T bt mn, s c iu bt trc, To Tho c mun git Trng T (Thi T nghe T khng vui, lin c mt k git T), nhng khng bit v sao tin tc b l (k l). Th l Trng T lin lm phn, trong lc khng kp phng, Tho b nh n ti bi. Con c l To Ngang (ngi m Tho ng nht), mnh tng in Vi (gn gi To Tho nht) v mt a chu l To An Dn, u phi cht trn, Tho cng b trng tn, sut phi mt mng. Gi H mu s ca Trng T l ngi vch k hoch c th hnh ng mu phn ln ny. Gi H t Vn Ho, ngi V Uy, nghe ni l loi nhn vt nh Trng Lng, Trn Bnh, thm ch cn c gi l k ti, qui ti, qu ti s mt thi i Tam quc. T ca Gi H l Vn Ho v s mng lch s ca Vn Ho li l lon v (y l pht hin ca nh vn Chu Trch Hng). Tam quc ch. Gi H truyn c ghi li tng tn nhng cu kt lon v trc kia. V nh vic L Thi v Quch D uy bc hong , t nc hn lon, cng l nghip chng ca Gi H. Sau khi ng Trc b Vng Don v L B m cht, L Thi v Quch D thy i th ht m thi ch, chn nn, chun b gii th i ng, theo ng tt tr li qu nh. Gi H lin ngn hai ngi li, sao cc v li b qun ra i mt mnh, mt vin nh trng nh nhoi cng c th bt hai v v quy n. Chi bng tp hp i ng, nh thng v Trng An, bo th cho ng Trc. Vic m thnh, hai v c th phng t nc nh thin h; vic khng thnh, hai v b chy cng cha mun! L Thi v Quch D nghe c l, lin nh tr li, kt qu t nc, hong v nhn dn li gp ho. C iu, Gi H cng l ngi hiu r v mnh. L Thi, Quch D mun phong hu cho Gi H, Gi H ni, L k cu mnh, ch cng lao g u? ri t chi khng nhn. L Thi v Quch D li bi Gi H l Thng th bc x, Gi H li ni, H khng chung h danh, chng cn ai phi phc. Nay nu v ci danh ci li th t nc ny s ra sao, kt qu l L Thi v Quch D va knh trng li va s Gi H. V phn mnh, Gi H t bit l c ti c trm trng nn ch ng c nhiu ti c ca hai ngi kia, bo v c khng t i thn, coi nh ly cng chuc ti! Sau khi thin t ri khi Trng An, Gi H lin t quan, v lt vo trong qun ca Trng T, T ly phn l hu bi t l. Trng T chun b nh li To Tho, Gi H lp k hoch gip. Theo ch dn Ng th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc

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ch. Trng T truyn, lc Trng T theo k sch ca Gi H, ni vi Tho l qun lnh cn di ng mt t, nhng thiu xe c, ti trng nng, xin c php binh s mc gip, tay c cm gio. Tho khng nghi ng g, nn ng . Kt qu l khi binh lnh ca Trng T ngang qua doanh tri ca To Tho, chng lin xng vo tp kch. Tho tr tay khng kp, nh phi tho chy. Qua ln thm bi ny, To Tho khng li cho ngi khc, khng truy cu ngi cho T u hng, m nhn mi trch nhim v mnh. Theo Tam quc ch - V k, To Tho ni vi ch tng, ta bit mnh sai u ri, sau ny s khng phm phi sai lm nh vy na. ng nhin, To Tho t kim im nh vy cha phi ht. Tho ni nguyn nhn tht bi ln ny l, qun khng v con Trng T lm con tin (qun khng ly con tin). y chng qua ch l ni xoa du tnh hnh. Nhng khng trch ngi khc m t trch mnh mi c c hi tin b. Vo thng mi mt nm Kin An th II (nm 197) thi Hn Hin , ln na To Tho nam chinh Trng T qu nhin ginh ton thng. Trng T chng khc g ch nh c tang, lin chy thng ti Nhng Thnh min nam (nay l th trn Trnh Chu, H Nam). C iu, mt ngi mun thnh thc cng khng th nhanh nh vy. Thng ba nm Kin An th III (Cng nguyn nm 198) thi Hn Hin , ln th ba Tho nam chinh Trng T, ra qun bt li, sut na nguy khn. Rt nhiu ngi phn i ln ra qun ny ca To Tho. Theo Tam quc ch. Tun Du truyn, Tun Du, khi l qun s T tu (tham mu) ni vi To Tho, do Gi H tc hp, lc ny Trng T lin mnh vi Lu Biu, nhng hai ngi ny ch l ng sng d mng. Trng T ch mun Lu Biu cung ng lng thc, Lu Biu th khng th, nn sm mun g h cng chia tay. C ch t na, chng phi nh, h cng bi (chi bng c ch, T s bi). Nu bc qu, Lu Biu nht nh s n cu. Tic l To Tho khng theo, kt qu b khn Nhng Thnh, qu nhin Lu Biu ra qun, Tho nh phi rt lui. To Tho va rt lui, Trng T h hng, phi qun truy ui, Gi H ni, khng ui, ui s bi, Trng T no c nghe, kt qu i bi, quay v. Gi H ni, by gi th c th ui c ri. Phi nhanh ln, nht nh s thng. Trng T ngy ngi ra nghe ri ni, va ny khng nghe li ngi nn thm bi. Lc ny bi th bi ri, cn ui g na? Gi H ni, tnh th thay i, phi ui nhanh ln! Trng T na tin na ng, thu lm tn binh bi tng, ui ln na, qu nhin i thng. Trng T suy ngh m khng hiu. Trng T ni, va ri ly tinh binh ui qun lui, ngi ni s bi; by gi em qun bi ui qun thng, ngi li ni s thng. Mi ln ngi li c mt d tnh, Trng T thc khng hiu? Gi H ni, cng chng c g k l. Tng qun tuy gii dng binh, ni thng ni tht, vn cha bng To Tho. To Tho quyt nh lui qun v t mnh s on hu. Tng qun c tinh binh, nhng tng th khng bng To Tho, qun ca To Tho cng l qun tinh nhu, v vy tng qun tt bi. Nhng lc To Tho cng ph tng qun, khng tht sch, cng cha ht sc, khng th nh m lui, tt hu phng c chuyn g . To Tho nh lui c qun

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truy kch ca tng qun, s cm thy nh gnh, yn tm i ng, tng lnh on hu s khng phi l i th ca tng qun, v vy tt thng. Trng T nghe my li nh ngi nm m tnh hn, lng d thy vui sng v bi phc, bi phc n st t. Ti c Tam quc ch. Gi H truyn, c n on ny, t nhin p bn v ku tuyt. Qu nhin, Gi H liu vic nh thn. To Tho vi vng lui qun, ng l hu phng c chuyn. Theo ch dn Hin Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch V k, To Tho nhn c tnh bo, in Phong mu s ca Vin Thiu ngh, tp kch Ha huyn nhn lc To Tho nam chinh p thin t lnh ch hu, c th nh lun c bn bin. R rng y l chuyn ln, To Tho khng th khng b qua Trng T. C iu, ng nh Gi H suy ngh, To Tho rt lui, khng phi bi lui, nn qun lui c k hoch, c t chc tng bc, tng bc c trnh t, v vy trong qu trnh lui qun vn c th cho qun nh tr li. Tnh hnh lc l v cng nguy cp. Pha sau c Trng T truy st, pha trc c Lu Biu ra ngn ng, trc sau u c ch. Nhng To Tho c tnh ton ca mnh. Theo Tam quc ch - V k. To Tho c th gi Tun c; ngi lu gi Ha huyn, ng ngi l gic ui ta, hi ta mt ngy ch i c my dm, nhng chng cn lu nh vy, ch lc v ti An Chng (nay l min ng nam huyn Trn Bnh, H Nam) th nht nh s ngn c gic, ginh thng li. Mc ch l th ca To Tho l mun cho Tun c ung mt vin an thn, h khi bn tm v s an nguy ca mnh, ra sc chun b nghnh nh Vin Thiu. C iu To Tho cng xc nh r l mnh s thng. Sau khi qun lnh v triu, Tun c mi hi To Tho, v sao li c lng tin l s thng. To Tho ni, qun gic ui qun ta ang lui, bc chng ta vo ng cht, qun ta nht nh s liu cht m nh, vo t cht th s sng, vo t vong th s tn, v vy mi ngh l s thng. Tri li Vin Thiu b l thi c. Qun lnh ca To Tho b qun nng dn Hc Sn v Cng Tn Ton km ch, khng ca quy ni, Tho b mt phen kinh hong. Cuc u tranh vi Trng T c th ni l ngang bng, hai bn u c th thng c th thua. To Tho nam chinh ln ny khng th ni l thua l, ti thiu cng l ho, hn na trong qu trnh lui qun cn th hin y thin ti qun s ca mnh. Nhng To Tho khng t mn c ch. Tho cn kim im trc Tun c, v khng nghe theo li tin sinh nn mi th ny. Trong thc t, khen ngi khc t trch mnh lun l tc phong ca To Tho. Nm 207 (nm Kin An th XII thi Hn Hin ), To Tho bc chinh Hon v ginh c ton thng. Trn ng v lc n K chu, tri lnh gi, khng mt bng ngi, hnh qun sut hai trm dm khng c mt git nc, qun lng cng chng cn bao nhiu phi git hng ngn con nga lm lng, o xung t hng ba mi trng vn khng c nc. Sau khi v ti Nghip Thnh, To Tho phong

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thng cho tng ngi. To Tho ni, ln ny thng li, hon ton l do may mn. Li khuyn ca cc v chnh l k sch vn ton. V vy mi cm t cc v, t nay rt mong c cc v c g ni ny, ci g ng ni th ni, khng phi lo ngh (khng c g kh ni). Vic ny c ghi trong To Man truyn, Mt cun sch khng my thn thin vi To Tho, c th tin c. Ngay t thng hai nm , To Tho cho ban Phong cng thn lnh, ni: Ta khi ngha binh, tr bo lon, n nay mi chn nm ri, chin tt thng, cng tt khc, chinh tt phc, chng l l cng lao ca ta? Tt c u nh vo sc lc cc v hip s i phu! Bi trn th t kim im, thng trn li cm t ngi khc, cm t c nhng ngi khuyn khng nn nh trn, tnh cm , tm lng thc khc xa vi tnh cm ca l Vin Thiu, Vin Thut. To Tho khng h l i anh hng, c kh th to ln, c tm lng rng m. Trn thc t, chnh nh s gan d hiu bit phi phm , nh c tc phong bit khen ngi v trch mnh , To Tho lin tc chin thng k th, i th, ln lt thu nhn c nhiu dng tng v mu thn v cng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn nhiu ln To Tho chuyn bi thnh thng, bin kh thnh d. Kh th v lng gan d s hiu bit c sc ku gi, c sc ngng t. Ngay nh Trng T, mt ngi phn li To Tho th ln na li n hng To Tho, chuyn xy ra vo thng mi mt nm Kin An th IV (nm 199) thi Hn Hin . Theo ca Gi H, ln th hai Trng T xin hng To Tho. Theo Tam quc ch. Gi H truyn, by gi Vin Thiu v To Tho ang quyt u mt trn sng mi, c hai u ang tranh th lc lng trung gian. Vin Thiu cho ngi n chiu np Trng T, Gi H khuyn nn sang hng To Tho. Gi H t ni vi s gi ca Vin Thiu, phin tc h v ni li vi Vin Bn S, l anh em m h chng th dun g c nhau, li dung c quc s thin h sao? Ti trn, Trng T nghe my li kinh hong tht sc, hi li sao ngi ni vy? Nhng iu cn ni Gi H ni v l s thc. Th l Trng T lin hi nh Gi H, ngi chng n nang g c, s gi ca Vin Thiu i mt, chng ta phi lm g y? Gi H ni d thi, chng ta sang ch To Tho. Trng T ni, Vin Thiu ln mnh, To Tho nh yu, li hn chng ta, v sao vn phi sang vi To Tho? Gi H ni, chnh v th m nn sang vi To Tho. Th nht, To Tho Phng thin t lnh thin h (ch , Gi H ni l Phng thin t khng phi l p thin t) nn c u th v chnh tr, sang vi To Tho mi l danh chnh ngn thun. Th hai, Vin Thiu ngi ng th mnh, To Tho ngi t th yu, chng ta n vi Vin Thiu th chng thm vo u, nhng n vi To Tho th khc g lc i bng c mt ming cm, chng ta s c coi trng, s c li. Th ba, phm nhng ngi c ch b vng s khng my ti n on c nhn, ngc li chng ta s l tm gng h ni vi thin h, lng khoan dung lng ca To Tho, bit ly c bo on, chng ta mi c an ton. Vy, xin tng qun c yn tm.

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Gi H tnh ton rt ng. Trng T va n, To Tho ra n v vui mng ko tay T (cm tay Tu), by tic T ty trn (vui v tht yn) v lp tc b nhim Trng T l Dng V tng qun, phong Lit hu. Hn na biu l thnh ca mnh, To Tho con l To Qun ci con gi ca Trng T lm v, hai ngi tr thnh thng gia, ging nh nm no Lu Bang i i vi Hng B, trc Hng Mn Yn. Cn nh n n on on th mt ch cng khng nhc ti, T , Trng T tr thnh chin tng v dng di trng To Tho, v Gi H tr thnh mu thn quan trng lun bn To Tho. Tip , hai ngi lp cng ln trong trn chin Quan . Tam quc ch. Trng T truyn ni, Trong chin dch Quan , T chin u lp cng. Sau ny chng ta s ni ti nhng cng hin ca Gi H. Thc tnh, Trng T ch n hng ch c bit g u. Cn To Tho v Gi H th lng d sng nh gng, bit m khng ni. Hai ngi ny rt hiu v chnh tr. H u hiu r mt o l: ci m thin h tranh ginh chnh l lng ngi. c lng ngi th c thin h, mt lng ngi th mt thin h. V mun ginh c thin h th phi bit khoan dung i lng, phi c chnh sch khng nhc li chuyn c, d l v th cng phi v cho kho. iu phi c in hnh, c mu. Sc mnh ca mu l v cng, n tt hn nhng li ni kho rt nhiu. Va hay Trng T l ti liu tt nht thnh in hnh, thnh mu. Trng T b nh ti bi, phi tho chy. Trng T c hn th vi To Tho v l ngi u hng li phn bi. Mt ngi nh vy m To Tho cn dung th liu ai l ngi To Tho khng dung? To Tho tin tng mt ngi nh vy th liu cn ai To Tho khng tin tng? Ngc li, Vin Thiu ngay c em mnh cng khng tin th mong g c ngi thin h quy thun, theo v? Trng T n rt ng lc. Lc ny To Tho Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc ba nm, cn nhiu ngi trong thin h cha phc. Ting tm To Tho cng cha tht tt. V sau Trn Lm thay mt Vin Thiu khi tho hch vn nh To, mng chi To Tho n ti tm mt mi, coi l mt con ngi khng h bit n o c, ch gii nh vut ca con chim ng, thm ch cn ni Xem trong sch v xa nay nhng k tham tn bo ngc v o cng cha bng To Tho, ng l lu manh s mt, ti t nht trn i. Xa nay li l vch trn ti c n th l cng, trong khng khi c ch cha thc, vu khng, nhng khng c la th lm sao c khi, nn c nhng vic, To Tho khng ni r rng, khng bin gii c. Nh vic git Bin Nhng, chm git c thnh T chu l ni nhc khng sao ra sch c. Ma thu nm S Bnh th IV (nm 193) thi Hn Hin , To Tho thn dn i qun xng thng n T chu tr th cho cha l To Tung em l To c b Trng Khi l b tng ca T chu mc o Khim cp bc v git cht. o Khim chy v m Thnh (nay l huyn m Thnh, Sn ng), To Tho lin trt gin ln u nhn dn T chu, cho qun cn qut, lm st ngi v ti, bn sng T Thu hng my vn nam n b git, trn sng T Thu ngp y xc cht, dng nc ngng chy. Nhiu thnh tr trong khu vc T chu mt c hnh ln dng, khng ch khng c bng ngi m g ch cng b git sch, mt thm cnh ni trn th. V vy sau ny lc To Tho

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d nh s nh T chu mt ln na, Tun c ni thng, nht nh qun dn T chu s chng c cho n cht, quyt khng u hng, v ln trc b git qu nhiu ngi. ng, ln trc To Tho bo th qu mc. D ti c ca o Khim l qu ln, nhng nhiu nht cng ch nn git o Khim hoc mt s ngi, lin quan g n trm h? Lm st ngi v ti nh vy, l no khng phi l bnh cung, tn tn lng tm? V vy To Tho rt mong c c hi th hin tnh cm cao thng v tm lng rng m ca mnh; rt cn c in hnh chng minh sc dung ngi v tri tim nhn i ca mnh. Trng T n ng lc, To Tho vui mng khn xit. V vy, To Tho khng ch b qua mi him khch m trc sau nh mt ra mt tin tng Trng T, phong thng hu hnh hn cc tng lnh khc. Ln cui cng Trng T c phong ti hai ngn h, nhng ngi khc khng qu mt ngn h. ng nhin, tm bin m To Tho dng nn, v sau c th b bo th. Sau tm nm, Trng T theo chn To Tho i nh Hon, gia ng khng r v sao cht. Ngy lc ni, cht v s To Phi. ly lng To Phi, nhiu ln Trn g T mi To Phi t tp chi bi, no ng To Phi phn n ni, ngi git anh ta, sao cn dm mt dy my dn n gp ta! Trng T thy s v t st. n thc ng ng, nhng khng bn tip. Nhng vic con ca Trng T l Trng Tuyn b git l s thc. Trng Tuyn lin quan ti n mu phn ca Ngy Phng nn b git. Nghe ni v n c n my ngn ngi lin quan b git, lc l nm Kin An th XXIV (nm 219), hai mi nm sau khi Trng T u hng. y l ln thanh lc cui cng khi To Tho cn sng v To Phi l ngi ra tay. Lc ny cng chng c cch g xt r v sao Trng Tuyn li b cun vo v n . Nguyn nhn th nht, c th v To Phi bc cht cha mnh, nn v lng hn th hoc v khip s, Trng Tuyn tham gia phn ng ca Ngy Phng. Nguyn nhn th hai, c th b nghi gin tip mu hi Trng T, To Phi lo s Trng Tuyn bo th, nn bc Tuyn mu phn, ri git Tuyn dit khu. Nguyn nhn th ba c th l To Phi khng bc cht Trng T, nhng cng hiu rng, To Tho mua chuc Trng T hon ton l do nhu cu chnh tr, ch u c qun c mi th git con, mun tr th nhng khng th nhm vo Trng T, nn phi em Trng Tuyn ra th mng. Tm li, Trng Tuyn cht c nhiu kh nng l n oan hoc b bc ln Lng Sn. S thc th lng d bo th ca To Tho rt nng n. V mi khi bo th th khng h run tay. C ai ni rng To Tho khng bit bo th th xin ni l nhm ri. C iu, nhn nhn sut hai mi nm ri mi bo th th khng h l gian hng. Nhng To Tho ln To Phi u rt tt vi Gi H. V qua vic ny, ngi c li nht vn l To Tho. Trng T chng qua l tm c li thot, Gi H nh ngi tm c nh, cn To Tho mi l ngi thu c vn ling chnh tr rt ln. V vy, thi To Tho i vi Gi H v Trng T l khc nhau. Vi Trng T l li ko v phng, nhng v nh khng phng; vi Gi H th va cm kch va tn

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thng, v cm kch thc s, tn thng tht s. Lc Trng T n u hng, T o Tho cm kch cm tay Gi H ni, ngi ngi thin h tin tng ta. l li chn thc khng phi khch so. To Tho nh ngi cht ui v c cc nn cm kch thc s, To Tho tn thng s mu lc hn ngi ca Gi H. T , ngay c i k lp t cng bn ring vi Gi H. y hon ton khng phi ly c khut phc ngi khc m chn thnh coi ngi khc l tri k. Gi H c th l ngi thng minh nht thi Tam Quc. Nhiu ngi trong s mu s danh nhn thi Tam Quc u c kt cc khng hay. Ni ngay nh nhng ngi bn To Tho, c ngi cht yu (nh Quch Gia), c ngi phn li (nh Mao Gii), c ngi cht mt cch thn b (nh Tun c), c ngi cht oan (nh Ha Du). Gi H th an nhn v lo, sng n trn i. Gi H phc v hai i tp on To th, l Thi u di thi Vn To Phi, qua i lc 77 tui, ch l Tiu hu, kt cc tt p hon nhiu ngi khc. Gi H l ngi thng minh, gii bit tnh ngi, nhn thu tm t ngi khc. Theo Tam quc ch. Gi H truyn, sau khi a c hai con si Ty Bc l L Thi v Quch D vo Trng An, Gi H khng cng ng vi h na, tm c hi ri xa h. Ra khi Trng An, Gi H n vi on Uy, v sau li n vi Trng T. Lc ri khi on Uy c ngi hi, on Uy tt vi ngi nh vy, sao ngi b i? Gi H ni, c im con ngi on Uy l a nghi. ng ta khch kh vi ti l c phng, s ti thay th, nh vy, s c mt ngy ng ta git ti. Lc ny ti ri ng ta, hy vng c c ngoi vin, ng ta tt s hu i ngi nh ca ti. Trng T cha c mu s, hy vng ti c th i. Nh vy, ti v gia nh ti u c yn. V sau, ng nh Gi H d on Trng T lun nghe theo Gi H, on Uy i vi gia nh Gi H cng tt hn. Xut mu nh thn, b mt l ch ny. Rt nhiu ngi b Tam quc din ngha la, cho rng i ny ng l c cm nang diu k, thc ra th lm g c? Ngi liu vic nh thn l ngi hiu ngi nh thn. V vy, suy tnh v c mu khng my tc dng m nn suy ngh v nhn tnh ! Ngi bit ngi cng t bit mnh. Sau khi u hng To Tho, Gi H hiu r thn phn a v ca mnh, hiu r mt ngi a mu nhiu k nh mnh th lun l i tng mi v qun ch li dng v ng thi cng l nhn vt nguy him, hung ch i mnh cn l loi phn ? V vy, thi i nhn x th phi ht sc d dt, Gi H bt u trm t t ni, rt t xut mu vch k, khng my giao du bn b, ngay c vic hn nhn ca con gi cng khng dm kt thn vi ho mn vng tc (H thy mnh khng phi cu thn ca Thi t, m mu su k xa, s b nghi ng, nn ng ca nh, khng giao kt bn b, nam n kt hn, cng khng n vi cao mn). Gi H khp mnh rt cht thc s l thng minh. By gi nhn li mi thy s kin xut sc nht trong i mt ngi thng minh nh Gi H l thc y Trng T n vi To Tho. Mt vic nh c qu sai

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thn khin, v Trng T n hng To Tho cng tht ng lc. My thng trc Vin Thiu tp kt mi vn tinh binh, tin v hng Ha Xng v hai thng trc y qun lnh ca To Tho n Quan , v chin tranh quyt nh vn mnh, tin ca Trung Quc thi sp xy ra. Vy y l chin tranh nh th no? Tp th chn: MT TRN SNG MI Trn chin Quan nm 200 xy ra, mt trong ba chin dch ln thi Tam Quc. y l cuc chin tranh quyt nh vn mnh v tin ca Trung Quc thi . Vin Thiu quyt tm ginh thng li, To Tho ch c th thng khng th bi. To Tho tuy c u th v chnh tr nhng lc lng qun s r rng l khng bng Thiu. Vy trong cuc chin ny, To Tho xut k bt th no ly t nh nhiu, ly yu thng mnh? Thng ba nm Kin An th IV (nm 199) thi Hn Hin , Vin Thiu b ngoi tai nhng li phn i ca mu s, quyt nh tp kt mi vn tinh binh thng ti Ha huyn, pht ng chin tranh hng tiu dit To Tho. Lc ny Vin Thiu tiu dit Cng Tn Ton chim c min bc, trong tay c c bn chu K, Thanh, Tinh, U, ngi ng th mnh, binh cng nga khe, c th quyt mt trn sng vi To Tho. Lp tc To Tho a qun ln bc nghnh ch. Thng tm qun To vt Hong H, lp tri ti L Dng (nay thuc pha ng huyn Tun, H Nam). Thng chn, To Tho tr v Ha huyn, ng thi chia qun trn gi Quan (nay thuc pha bc huyn Trung Mu, H Nam). Thng mi hai, ln na To Tho li n Quan , thit lp i bn doanh ca mnh y. To Tho c Thi th ng qun l Lu Din ng qun Bch M (nay l pha ng huyn Hot, H Nam), ch Th nh hu V u Cm trn gi Din Tn (nay l pha bc Din Tn, H Nam). Qun To v qun Thiu hai bn b sng trong t th quyt chin. Chin tranh sp n ra. Cuc chin sm mun g cng s n ra. Thng ging nm Din An th III, Lu B mu st Dng Phng; thng mi mt nm Din An th III, To Tho tiu dit L B; thng su nm Din An th IV, Vin Thut lm bnh phi nm; thng mi mt nm Din An th IV, Trng T gi tay xin hng. Dng Phng cht, L B, Vin Thut u cht, Trng T hng, Lu Biu tuyn b trung lp, Tn Sch c th pha ng. Cc th lc ny r rng, Vin Thiu v To Tho tr thnh hai ngi hng i lp, xem i th nh Hng V mun tiu dit bng c i phng. Chng ta hy nhn vo trn chin ny. C th chia cuc chin ny lm bn giai on, trc ht l giai on giao phong. Lc ny, hai bn xy ra nhng trn nh nh. Vin Thiu ra qun trc. Thng hai nm Kin An th V (nm 200) thi Hn Hin , Vin Thiu tin qun n L Dng, coi

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L Dng l i bn doanh, ri phi i tng Nhan Lng lnh qun tin b nh ph Bch M, sau li phi i tng Vn S nh ph Din Tn, nhng Bch M vn l trng im ca chin tranh. Thng t, Lu Din chi c ba ngn qun s gi khng ni, lin c th lng g gi To Tho Quan . To Tho quyt nh cu vin Bch M ngay, nhng Tun Du li ngh phi nh ti Din Tn - To Tho cht hiu ngay, Tun Du mun mnh ging ng kch ty, nh l chun b vt Hong H nh vo hu phng ca Vin Thiu. To Tho nghe li Tun Du. Qu nhin Vin Thiu b la, lin phi qun i cu Din Tn. Th l To Tho thng lnh qun lnh, ging c dng trng tin qun ln bc. Lc gn n Din Tn li t nhin cng mt ton nh khinh k tp kch vo Bch M. Qun Nhan Lng vy thnh Bch M khng kp phng, Nhan Lng b Quan V chm ri xung nga. Bch M c gii vy. Xin ni thm mt cu, ba thng trc (tc l thng ging nm Kin An th V) xy ra v n Xa k tng qun ng Tha nhn mt ch ca hong thng giu trong ai o nhm git To Tho, ng Tha b git, Lu Bi b trn. Sau khi ng qun Quan , To Tho tranh th tin nh Lu B. Lu B khng ch ni chy sang vi Vin Thiu; Quan V b bt hng To Tho. Sau khi hng To, Quan V cm kch trc s tn nhim ca To Tho, mt khc li lu luyn n tnh vi Lu B, nn quyt nh s bo p To Tho xong ri s i tm Lu B. Git Nhan Lng, Quan V lp cng ln vi To Tho. Sau khi gii cu xong Bch M, To Tho liu on Vin Thiu nht nh s khng chu, s quay li nh, s trt gin ln trm h Bch M, s lm st h. To Tho lin a nhn dn Bch M men theo Hong H i v hng ty (nhn dn u bit Lu B rt lui em theo trm h, ch khng bit To Tho cng lm nh vy). Lc n gn pha nam Din Tn gp qun Vin vt sng ti, trn chin tao ng s khng trnh khi. Lc by gi qun To trn sn ni, qun Vin Thiu nh ti. Lnh i tun v bo: bn pha ch c nm su trm k binh. Mt lc sau li bo: c th k b inh cn nhiu hn, b binh th v s, m khng xu. To Tho ni, khng cn phi bo co! Th ri lnh ban xung: ci yn nga ngh ngi ti ch. Tt c tng lnh nhn lnh m ng ngc khng hiu, u ni, qun ch nhiu nh vy, bao nhiu qun trang qun dng t Bch M em ti ang y ng, chng ta phi vn chuyn v doanh tri trc ! Ch c Tun Du l hiu To Tho, Tun Du ci ni, bao nhiu mi nh ngon lnh th ny chuyn v lm g! To Tho cng ci v thn thi vn nh khng. Mt lc sau Vn S v Lu B a su ngn k binh ti. Cc tng lnh u hi, n lc ln nga cha? To Tho ni vi g. Qu nhin sau lc k binh ca Vn S v Lu B ti, pht hin thy qun trang qun dng y t, tt c xung nga n cp. ng lc To Tho mi h lnh, v ri ting thanh la, ting ching trng vang dy tri t, su trm thit k nhanh chng t sn ni phng ti, qun Vin b nh cho ti bi khi la.

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Trn nh thc ni nh m, ngay nh Tam quc ch tic bt mc l vy m cng phi m t tht t m trong V k, gi l trn i ph. Vn S mt vin tng khc ca Vin Thiu b chm di nga (nhng khng th xc nh l cng lao ca Quan V), Lu B chy lun. Th ri trong lc qun To ang n mng thng li, Quan V li mt bc th v tt c nhng g Tho ban thng ri ln ra khi doanh tri To Tho, i tm ngi anh chy cn nhanh hn th kia. To Tho ginh c thng li ban u, nhng vn cha yn tm. To Tho bit r thc lc ca mnh khng bng Vin Thiu, v vy ri b Bch M v Din Tn, ton qun lui v Quan . Lm nh vy c nhiu ci li, c th tp trung binh lc, c th tit kim ti lc v cn c th d ch vo su. Mt khi qun ch vo su th ng tip t s di hn. ng tip t di hn, gi thnh cuc chin s tng thm, kh nng thng li s gim i nhiu. Nhn vo bn chng ta thy r, tc chin vi Vin Thiu Bch M v Din Tn To Tho bt li, a chin tranh n Quan l c li cho To Tho. V vy, trong lc ch mnh ta yu th nn ch tin ta lui khng nn tnh ton n s c mt mt thnh tr no . To Tho thc sng sut. To Tho lm c nh vy v tinh thn sung mn, v thu hiu o l ng nn v chung h danh m chuc ly ha. Vin Thiu th tri li, rt thch h danh, nht l thch c b h tng bc th khng th ngn, khng c i th. V vy, khi To Tho va lui, Vin Thiu tin qun hon ton khng ng rng To Tho ly lui tin ly th cng. Thng by, qun Vin Thiu tin vo Dng V. Thng tm qun Vin Thiu tin thm na, gn ti Quan th cho qun h tri, t ng sang ty, doanh tri san st ko di hng hn mi dm. Lc ny th To Tho ht ng lui, nh phi lp doanh h tri. Chin tranh bc vo giai on hai - giai on i u. Trong giai on ny hm lng k thut rt cao. Trc ht, Vin Thiu cho dng nhng lu cao, p nhng ni t trong qun doanh, ri t trn cao bn tn vo doanh tri To. Qun To cht thc th thm. Nhng ngi cn li u phi ly mc che ln u (trong doanh u l mc), ai ny u tht tim (v cng s hi). y cng khng phi l chuyn nh v cng khng th chng ni, cn phi phn cng. To Tho cho ch to ngay nhng my bn , c th bn nhng hn to nh qu n thng vo doanh tri qun Thiu, lm sp ton b s lu cao ca Thiu. Thi gi y l v kh c tnh st thng vi quy m ln. Vin Thiu kinh hn lc phch, gi l xe sm st. K ny khng xong Vin Thiu li ngh ngay ra k khc, cho cng binh o hm ngm, chun b nh ln To Tho. To Tho cho o nhng ho Nc i ph vi Thiu, cn cho k binh tp kch vo on xe lng ca Thiu khin Thiu phi ku kh. Chin trn gia hai bn ln ny c coi l ngang nga. Ngoi nhng lc giao tranh chnh din, Vin Thiu v To Tho u c nhng ng tc nh sau lng i phng. Lc ny To Tho ang tc chin Quan th Lu

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Tch - tng qun Khn Vng u hng To Tho, li bi phn To Tho Nh Nam v chy sang bn Vin Thiu. Vin Thiu Lu B hi hp vi Lu Tch huyn Ha, kt qu b To Phi nh cho tan tc, Lu Tch b git, Lu B cn nhanh hn th chy thot. ng thi To Tho cng cho ngi lin lc vi qun phit Hon phng bc, khin Vin Thiu trc sau u c ch. Ln ny chin trn gia hai bn cng c coi l ngang nga. Tm li, trong giai on ny khng ai thng ai. Nhng chin tranh ko di nh vy th khng ai chu ni, nht l qun chng nhn dn phi kh nhiu b, bn thn To Tho cng mt mi. Theo Tam quc ch - V k v T tr thng gim, vo mt ngy thng chn, nhn thy on binh lnh bao gian nan vt v, dng dp b ph vn chuyn lng thc v tri, To Tho nhn m khng n but ming ni thnh li, ch mi lm hm na thi, ta nht nh s tm c Vin Thiu, cc ngi khi phi kh s th ny (mi lm ngy na ta s ph Vin Thiu cho cc ngi, cc ngi ht kh s). To Tho ni nh vy c m bo g khng? Khng c. Thc t th To Tho khng mun nh na. To Tho ht sc chu ng. Nhng Tun c tn Ha huyn li lun lun ng vin To Tho phi kin tr. Theo Tam quc ch - V k, Tun c c th ni, Vin Thiu ra khi , quyt tm cng ngi mt trn t chin! Nht nh Vin Thiu s khng cam chu, quyt tm khng b cuc gia ng, Trong tnh th ny, ngi phi ly yu thng mnh. Nu khng th chin thng th s b tiu dit hon ton, khng th c kh nng th ba. Cho nn Tun c ni, To cng i To cng, thnh bi l lc ny! Vin Thiu bt qu cng ch l ngi hng o vi cn minh cng l thn v minh trit, hn na minh cng l Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc, c l no khng thnh cng? Gi H cng mun To Tho nh tip. Theo Tam quc ch. Gi H truyn, Gi H ni vi To Tho, minh cng tr tu hn Vin Thiu, dng ngi hn Vin Thiu, dng cm hn Vin Thiu, quyt on hn Vin Thiu. C bn u th ln , m na nm ri vn cha thng l bi minh cng c ngh vn nht s thua. Thc ra th nm ng thi c, quyt tm ng lc th nht nh s thnh cng trong chp mt. kin ca hai ngi rt ng. Chin tranh, l mt s kin cc k nguy him. Nht l trong thi i v kh th s, rt kh ni chc l ai s thng. V vy ch v quyt sch ca tng soi lun lun l mu cht ca thnh bi; v thng li cui cng lun c trong n lc ca ngi kin tr hn. C th trong cuc chin ny, r rng pha To Tho l ly t nh nhiu, ly yu thng mnh, v vy cn phi c ch, bit kin tr, cn phi nm c thi c trong s kin tr , mt khi thi c n.

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Thi c ni n l n. Trong lc To Tho nghin rng nghin li quyt tm kin tr, c ba s kin khin cuc chin bc vo giai on th ba - giai on bc ngot. S kin th nht Lu B ra i. Sau khi t Nh Nam v ti i bn doanh ca Vin Thiu, Lu B xut vi Vin Thiu cn lin hp vi Lu Biu, Lu B vi Lu Biu u l ngi h Lu, lin lc vi Lu Biu nht nh phi l Lu B, Vin Thiu lin Lu B a qun bn b n Nh Nam. Nhn c hi ny Lu B ra i. V sao Lu B phi ra i? Mt kh nng, lc Lu B bi trn Nh Nam v n L Dng, Vin Thiu t ra kh chu. Lu B lo lng, nh phi ngh cch t liu. Kh nng ny khng nhiu lm. Qua nhng g ghi chp trong s sch th cha con Vin Thiu lun mt lng knh trng Lu B. Kh nng Vin Thiu thy kh chu l c th c. Nhng xa nay Lu B cha tng quyt nh hnh ng ca mnh theo s kh chu ca ngi khc. V Vin Thiu c kh chu, cng khng l iu g gh gm; hn na v tin to ln ca mnh, Vin Thiu c th nhn nhc, chu ng gi n li. Lu B i theo nhiu ngi, theo Cng Tn Ton nh li Vin Thiu, theo o Khim nh ph To Tho, theo To Tho nh L B, lc ny ang theo Vin Thiu nh li To Tho. Lu B quen thi n u nh th lm sao khng nhn c iu ? V vy, c kh nng Lu B d d cm c s tht bi ca Vin Thiu nn mi ri b Vin Thiu. Lu B l ngi rt nhy bn vi chnh tr. Lu B cng ging nh nhng ch chut trn t u bin, sm nhn ra chic tu no ri s chm. Xem ra, Lu B nhn thy, Vin Thiu ang b nguy c t bn pha, tt nht l ra i, v vy Tam quc ch. Tin ch truyn ni, ngm mun b Thiu. Lc ny th lc lng ca Lu B khng mnh. i vi Vin Thiu, Lu B ch nh mn rau ngui vo m 30 tt, c th Vin Thiu cng n tt, khng c th Vin Thiu cng n tt. V vy, khng my ngi n chuyn ny. Nhng theo ti, bo ni ln t u ngn c tn. Lu B ra i l mt im bo Vin Thiu s tht bi. S kin th hai, mu cht hn, tc l Ha Du phn bi. C ba cch ni v nguyn nhn ca vic ny, ring Tam quc ch ni l c hai cch. V k ni, Ha Du tham tin, Thiu khng chu cp , nn i, Tun c truyn ni l, Thm Phi coi nh Du l bt php, lin bt c v con Du, Du gin qu lin phn Thiu, Tp Tc X Hn Tn Xun Thu ni v Vin Thiu khng nghe theo Ha Du. Lc Vin Thiu v To Tho i u khng xong, Ha Du khuyn nn li mt t qun canh chng To Tho, sau i tt v Ha huyn p thin t, th s lp c cng ln - Vin Thiu khng theo cn ni, ta phi dit xong Tho . Th l Ha Du phn n (Du tc gin), chy lun sang vi To Tho. Ba cch ni c th hp lm mt, tc l Ha Du pht hin Vin Thiu khng th nghe theo mnh, li khng th tha mn yu cu ca mnh, vy khng lp mu, khng cng s, thm vo , v con u b bt, nn phi i. Ha Du i khi, Vin Thiu l to, cn To Tho th li ln, Ha Du l ngi c ca Vin Thiu, k t lc

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Vin Thiu tr mt vi ng Trc, n lp cn c K chu, Ha Du theo Vin Thiu. Ha Du tc tr a mu, nm gi phn ln tnh bo qun s. Ha Du phn ri chy, khng ch l tn tht nng n i vi Thiu, cn lm dao ng lng qun. V vy To Man truyn ni, c tin Ha Du chy ti, To Tho vui mng xoa tay vo nhau m ci m ln (v tay ci ni), chuyn ny vic ca ta coi nh xong (vic ca ta tr nn d dng). Qu nhin, va n tri To, Ha Du c k t chy So vi To Tho (trong tp To Tho tht gi, chng ta ni ti). To Tho quyt lun ri t mnh thng lnh qun khinh k thng ti So. So l kho lng ca Vin Thiu, khng c trng binh trng coi, To Tho ci trang thnh qun Vin, ngi ngm tm, nga buc ming, theo ng tt tp kch vo So ri phng ha thiu tri mi vt t qun nhu v thit b hu cn ca Vin Thiu, trc tip lm pht sinh s kin th ba. S kin th ba pht sinh, khin tnh th trong chc lt c bc chuyn c bn, l Trng Cp lm phn. Trng Cp l i tng ca Vin Thiu, c dng c mu theo chn Vin Thiu K chu, Theo Tam quc ch. Trng Cp truyn, Vin Thiu c tin To Tho tp kch So. Trng Cp ch trng phi tng vin ngay, nhng Quch phn i. Quch ni, Trng Cp lm vy l khng ng. Chng ta nn nh i bn doanh ca To Tho. Tho nghe tin so huyt b ph, nht nh s quay v cu Quan , So tt c gii vy, gi l khng cu m t gii cu. Trng Cp ni, v c bn khng c kh nng lm nh vy, khng th trong chc lt h c i bn doanh ca To Tho. Qun lnh So cng khng chng c vi qun To. To doanh khng h c ngay, So li tht th, chng ta ri s b bt ro. Tic l Vin Thiu khng nghe, ch c mt t qun i cu vin So v c trng binh i nh Quan . Kt qu hon ton nh nhng g Trng Cp tnh ton. Lc ny Quch mi thy lo. Nhm vu oan gi ha, trt trch nhim sang cho ngi kh c, Quch mi ni vi Vin Thiu, Trng Cp bit tin ly lm vui mng, ni nng ba bi. Chng ta cn l g tnh cch ca Vin Thiu, c cung n t vn cn cay. Nghe Quch ni vy- Vin Thiu khng nh v cho bt Trng Cp hi ti. Trng thy pha trc bt li, pha sau bc la nh cng vi b h l Cao Lm t chin xa v sang hng To. Lc Trng Cp n hng, To Tho vn cha v. Trn th Quan l Tun Du v To Hng. To Hng khng r Trng Cp hng tht hay hng gi, khng dm c ho vo. Tun c ni, vic g phi nghi ng, nhanh chng m ca doanh tri! Trng Cp bc vo To doanh, To Tho hay tin vui mng hn h ni lun, th l Hn Tn v vi Lu Bang! V sau Tho bi Trng Cp l Bin tng qun, phong nh hu. Lu B ra i, Vin Thiu mt ngoi vin; Ha Du phn chy; Vin Thiu mt ngun tr tu; Trng Cp lm phn, Vin Thiu mt cnh tay. T nay Vin Thiu mt i th, tip n qun lnh tan r, khc g bng tan ni l.

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Cuc chin nhanh chng bc vo giai on th t - giai on quyt thng. Trng Cp va n hng, To Tho nhanh chng lm theo kin ca Gi H, nm bt thi c, tp trung binh lc, chun b phn cng. Sau lc chng phn thn ly, Vin Thiu mt ht ch chin u, cng con c l Vin m ri qun ng ra i. Mt thng soi, qun Vin tan r mnh, u bin thnh t binh, sch v v bu vt ca Vin Thiu u ri vo tay To Tho. Nhng th ny vn khng nn a vo trong qun. Nhng chng t mnh l nho tng phong v danh s hng u, nn Vin Thiu mi lm th, kt qu l To Tho ci v nhn ton b. Vin Thiu t coi mnh l cao sang, nhng thc cht l ph hoa. Nhng ngi ph hoa, thch ra v th xa nay khng my ai hon thnh c vic ln. Theo Tam quc ch - V k, mt nm trc, lc Vin Thiu quyt nh pht ng chin tranh, To Tho ci ni, Vin Thiu t ai tuy rng, lng thc tuy nhiu, nhng li l l vt chun b cho ta (Cng biu ta). S sch v v bu vt kia c th l thu nhp ngoi danh mc. Trn chin Quan l bc ngot ln trong lch s Trung Quc thi , v vy cc nh s hc ht sc coi trng. Tam quc ch - V k thm ch cn ghi vo mt on thn thoi (Cng c th gi l qu thoi). K rng, thi Hon sao Th xut hin gia S (nay l H Bc, H Nam) v Tng (nay l vng Thng Khu, H Nam), th ri nh tin tri c tn l n o ni qu quyt, mi lm nm na s c chn mnh thin t xut hin gia nc Lng v nc Bi, hn na cn anh dng v v ch. Qu nhin, mi lm nm sau huyn Tiu nc Bi (nay l th trn Ho Chu, An Huy), To Tho ph Vin Thiu Quan , t , Thin h khng cn gic. ng nhin, y l my chuyn v cn c. Ngay nh nhiu chi tit trong trn chin Quan , cc nh s hc cng ni khc nhau. Tam Quc s thoi ca L T Min khi ni v trn chin ny, gn nh ph nhn nhng iu ghi trong Tam quc ch. L thm ch cn ni: Binh mu trong Tam quc ch phn ln khng tin c. Cho rng nguyn nhn To Tho thng li khng phi l do mu lc m ch yu l bit nghin rng kin tr ti cng, chng c cch g lm r c iu ny, nu bn no c hng th, xin c nghin ngm xem sao. Trn chin Quan kt thc vo thng mi nm Kin An th X (nm 200) thi Hn Hin . T Vin Thiu khng sao vn ln c na. V thng nm nin hiu Kin An th VII (nm 202), Vin Thiu lm bnh, ho ra mu m cht. Thng by nm Kin An th IX (nm 204), To Tho nh bi Vin Thng ngi thay th Vin Thiu. Thng tm, To Tho tin vo Nghip Thnh, khc t Vin Thiu, To Phi thun tay git d, tip qun ngi v mi ca Vin Hi. Thng ging nm Kin An th X (nm 205), To Tho nh Vin m con c ca Vin Thiu, bnh c K chu, Vin m b git. Thng chn nm Kin An th XII (nm 207), Thi th Liu ng Cng Tn Khang mu st Vin Thng - ngi thay th Vin Thiu v ngi con th hai l Vin Hi, mang th cp n doanh To Tho. Gia tc Vin Thiu hon ton b dit vong.

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Vic Cng Tn Khang git Vin Thng v Vin Hi cn c hai tnh tit nh. Theo Tam quc ch - V k, sau khi Vin Thng v Vin Hi chy sang vi Cng Tn Khang, nhiu ngi ch trng phi tn cng. To Tho ni khng cn, Cng Tn Khang s nhanh chng mang u chng n np. V sao vy? V chng u l l lang si, li dng nhau v phng nhau. Chng ta bc qu, chng s ng tm hip lc, chng ta b qua, chng s tn st ln nhau. Qu nhin, Vin Thng v Vin Hi mu m ot a bn ca Cng Tn Khang, Cng Tn Khang lin quyt nh git Vin Thng v Vin Hi mang u np cho To Tho. Theo ch dn in lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Vin Thiu truyn, Cng Tn Khang cho by tic Hng Mn Yn v tm gn Vin Thng ln Vin Hi. Vin Thng v Vin Hi b tri, b nm di t lnh bng, rt kh chu. C hai xin m ngi. Cng Tn Khang ni, u chng bay sp bay i xa ri, cn cn m ngi lm g! Lin cho git hai a, tt c u ng vi d on ca To Tho. V vy mi ni, ngi thng li lun l ngi hiu bit tnh hnh ngi khc. Vin Thng, Vin Hi, Vin m cht, rt cuc vn l s tht bi trong trn chin Quan . T lu, c hai ngi thy r kt cc ny, l Th Th v in Phong, h u l mu s ca Vin Thiu. Th Th v in Phong u kin quyt phn i cuc chin ny. Theo Tam quc ch. Vin Thiu truyn. in Phong tng ni vi Vin Thiu: To cng gii dng binh, bin ha khn cng, qun tuy t, nhng khng c xem nh in Phong ngh, phi nh lu di v nh du kch. Trc ht, cn phi pht trin mnh hn. Mt l, chn ng mi vng (ng vng gia sn h), hai l, a bn mi rng (c c bn chu), ba l, lp nn mt chin tuyn thng nht (kt hp vi anh hng cc ni), bn l, tng thm nhiu thit b chin tranh (tu b nng chin). Nh vy mi khng ri vo tnh trng tht bi. Sau mi cho tng ton nh binh lnh i quy nhiu To Tho Phn k binh, tm ch s h m nh. To Tho cu vin pha ng ta nh pha ty, cu vin pha ty ta nh pha ng, Khin qun ch mt mi, dn chng vt v khng yn, nh vy. ta th nhn nh, chng th khn kh. Cha n hai nm, chng ta c th ta hng thnh qu. Lc ny chng ta nn b k sch miu thng quyt mt trn thng bi, vn nht nh, c hi cng chng kp. Vin Thiu khng nghe nhng li can gin kin quyt ca in Phong. Vin Thiu lin ni gin, cho rng in Phong cn tr i k bnh nh thin h ca mnh, ti ng mun cht, lp tc cho h ngc v ni, ch lc thng li khi hon, ta s tnh s vi ngi. in Phong trong ngc, ch hn mt nm, cui cng c tin tht bi. Bn b ko ti chc mng in Phong, ni: ri y, nht nh tc h s c trng dng. in Phong ngng c ln nhn tri ri th di ni, th ny th ta cht l ci chc. Mi ngi khng hiu, hi v sao, c th no li nh vy?

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Tp th mi: THNG BI C C Trn chin Quan quyt nh vn mnh v tin Trung Quc thi kt thc vi thng li hon ton thuc v To Tho, vo thng mi nm Kin An th V thi Hn Hin . Khi Vin Thiu c mi vn qun, tng soi nh h, mu thn nh lang. Lc lng qun s ca To Tho r rng l km xa, b h cng cho rng khng th thng c Thiu. Nhng cui cng th To Tho ly t ch nhiu, ly yu thng mnh, vy nguyn nhn y l th no? Thng mi nm Kin An th V (nm 200) thi Hn Hin , To Tho ginh thng li trong trn chin Quan . Nm ngoi Vin Thut cht, lc ny Vin Thiu li bi, anh em h Vin c th v song cn g ht na, min bc Trung Quc bt u thuc h To. Thng li gn nh nm trong d on ca To Tho. Thc t th t lu To Tho lit anh em Vin Thiu vo danh sch en. Theo Tam quc ch - V k, Bi Tng Chi ch dn Dt s truyn ca Hong Ph Bt, lc phu nhn Vin Phng qua i, anh em Vin Thiu, Vin Thut theo linh cu v quy tng Nh Nam, i hi tn khch, ngi n iu chng hn ba vn. i mt vi ngn y tn khch, Vin Thiu Vin Thut tuy khng th khng v nh xt xa au n, nhng t y lng li cm thy v cng c ch. Nhng vi nhng g nhn thy bng con mt khch quan ca mnh, To Tho ni nh vi Vng Tun - mt ngi bn, thin h ri s i lon. K cm u gy ha chnh l hai ngi ny. Nu mun bnh nh thin h, cu trm h, cn phi git chng. Vng Tun lun nhn nh To Tho l ngi hng trong thin h, nn tr li ni, c th bnh nh thin h, ngoi tc h, liu cn ai na? Hai ngi nhn nhau m ci. V sau, lc To - Vin tranh ginh, Vng Tun cn khuyn Lu Biu gip To Tho, tic l Lu Biu khng theo. Lc To Tho cng ch ni vy thi, cui cng th xut qun v danh, ch c tha nhng lc khng . Thc t th To Tho phi au u v chng c cch gi thng c Vin Thiu. Sau khi To Tho nghnh n thin t, Vin Thiu li cng khng phc, nn gp rt m rng qun v thit b, lin lc vi cc ch hu, cui cng c t ca bn chu K, Thanh, Tinh, U, ngi ng th mnh, qun trng nga khe, Thin h nhn m thy s. Cn To Tho th sao, bn pha u c ch: Bc c Thut, thm vo l Tn Sch - mt ngi bng d chng tt p g. Lc xy ra trn chin Quan , Tn Sch chun b ln nh Ha huyn, v sau b thch khch mu st nn mi thi. V vy, To Tho thng lo lng v bun ru. Tun c l ngi thu r tm trng ca To Tho. Theo Tam quc ch - Tun c truyn, thng ging nm Kin An th II, To Tho c hnh vi, c ch khc thng, mi ngi u coi vic Trng T lm phn l l do, ring Tun c bo l khng phi. Tun c ni, To cng l ngi thng minh quyt khng truy cu chuyn c, nht nh

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l c nguyn nhn khc. Khi hi th qu nhin l vy. Th ra, Vin Thiu c th gi To Tho, vi thi cc k v l, ging iu cng cc k ngo mn. To Tho hi Tun c, ta lun mun nh k bt nhn bt ngha , tic l lc bt tng tm, phi lm g y? Tun c ni, khng h g. Xa nay vn vy, vic thnh bi ngi khng phi th. Nu l anh hng chn chnh th d lc ny yu mt cht, cng s mnh dn ln (ngi c thc ti, tuy yu tt s mnh). Ngc li, nu l mn hng gi th lc ny l mnh; nhng nhanh chng s yu i (nu khng phi l ngi gii th d mnh s yu i ngay). ng nhin l c l. Nhng liu c kh nng chun b t to thnh nh t yu thnh mnh trong trng hp c th To Tho v Vin Thiu hay khng? Tun c ni l c. Tun c ni vi To Tho, tnh th hin nay ngi c th tranh ginh thin h vi minh cng cng ch c Vin Thiu. Vin Thiu ngoi mnh trong rng, cn minh cng th c bn mt mnh hn Vin Thiu. Th nht, con ngi Vin Thiu, b ngoi th khoan dung i lng, nhng thc cht l hay ghen t vi ngi hin ti (b ngoi th i lng nhng bn trong hay nghi k), mun s dng nhn ti, nhng li khng hon ton tn nhim (dng ngi nhng trong lng li khng tin); cn minh cng th lun i lng khng cu n tiu tit (minh cng i lng khng tiu tit), tn nhim hon ton vo nhn ti v h vo nhng v tr thch hp nht (ti u th vo y) chnh l i kh thng Vin Thiu. Th hai, con ngi Vin Thiu, phn ng tr tr, mm yu qu on, quyt sch lun chm chp (tr tr khng quyt, mt thi c); cn minh cng c th quyt nh ti ch v bin ha khn lng (c th quyt vic ln, ng bin v cng), l mu lc thng Vin Thiu. Th ba, con ngi Vin Thiu tr qun (tr qun lng lo, khng tun theo lnh), ngi nga tuy ng, nhng khng my tc dng (binh lnh tuy ng, nhung kh s dng). Cn minh cng chp php nh sn, hnh lnh cm ch, thng pht phn minh, li ni c tin tng, vic lm c kt qu (php lnh nghim minh, thng pht r rng) qun tuy khng ng, nhng tng s u ginh nhau rng ln trc, liu mng t chin (s tt tuy t, nhng lun ginh nh au t chin), l anh v thng Vin Thiu. Th t, con ngi Vin Thiu vo th lc gia tc Bn i tam cng, ra v ta y, tm kim danh d (Thiu da vo ting tm cha ng, ung dung v ti tr, cn c danh d), v vy nhng ngi t cho mnh l thanh cao thng tm n vi Thiu, ng tic h chi c b ngoi, khng c thc ti thc hc (nhng ngi theo n thng khng c hc vn). Cn minh cng th i ngi chn thnh, khng mu m gi di (cng nhn t i ngi, khng gi di), bn thn sinh hot gin d (lun thc hin cn kim), ngi c cng c khen thng ch ng (khng tic vi ngi c cng). V vy, nhng ngi va trung thnh va ti gii, u n quy thun ngi (nhng ngi trung thnh, ti ba trong thin h u mun c dng), l nhn c thng Vin Thiu. Tun c ni, c bn ci thng , thm na minh cng li tn phng thin t, khi phc chnh ngha, ra qun ng hong, danh chnh ngn thun, c l g khng thng? Quch Gia cng tng ni nh vy. C iu, Quch Gia c phn hunh hoang hn, mt hi ni ra mi iu thng: o thng, ngha thng, tr thng, thng, mu thng, c thng, nhn thng, minh thng, vn

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thng, v thng. Ngc li vi , Vin Thiu c mi iu bi. C iu Tam quc ch ch ghi Bn iu thng ca Tun c, mi iu thng, mi iu bi l li ch thch ca Bi Tng Chi dn dng li ni Ph T ca Ph Huyn thi Ty Tn. Li ni ca mu s khng phi l thc c, nht l Tun c v Quch Gia li ng trn lp trng ca To Tho, i khi phi ni vng ln ly th cho To Tho. Nhng vn s sng t nu nh mu s Vin Thiu cng ni nh vy. Hy xem bn pha Vin Thiu ni nhng g. Th Th, in Phong l mu s ca Vin Thiu cha c c (cng khng th) s so snh ton din v To Tho v Vin Thiu, nhng h nu ra mt vn rt c bn, tc l chin tranh c chnh ngha khng. Theo ch dn Hn Hin , ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Vin Thiu truyn. Th Th v in Phong ni vi Vin Thiu, chin tranh lin min (Nm no cng ra qun), dn chng mt mi khn kh (trm h mt mi), quc kh rng khng (kho tng khng c tch ly), thu m ch c tng khng c gim (thu m nng n), l ha nn ln nht ca t nc. V vy, cn phi pht trin sn xut, dn chng c yn, phi s gi n trnh by thnh tu ca chng ta vi thin t. Nu khng i c, phi t co To Tho ngn cn ng tn vng, ph hoi i nghip thng nht, sau bng vn ng chin, du kch chin v chin tranh lu di i ph vi To Tho. Khng qu ba nm vic s thnh. l sch lc chnh xc. Trc ht, y To Tho vo ch bt ngha, th l c l; ly mnh nh yu, ly nhn nh mt, th l c li; tng bc lp tri, tun t nhi tin, th l c tit. Nhng Thm Phi v Quch li phn i. C th Thm Phi h ; Quch ch l b . Quch bit r Vin Thiu ch v ci li trc mt m mun nh gp, nn t cho mnh l cao siu, ri cng Thm Phi ni, binh php cho hay, bn ta gp mi ch th c th bao vy, gp nm ln th tn cng, ngang nhau c th nh mt trn (mi th bao vy, nm th tn cng, ngang nhau c th nh). Nh cha cng uy v, c qun hng mnh tiu dit mt k nh nhoi nh To Tho, chng phi d nh tr bn tay sao? Lc ny khng lm ngay e v sau s khng kp. R rng y l li khoa trng ni khng nh vic nc, ni khng thc cht, v vy Th Th khng th khng bi xch vi nhng li ni c phn nng n. Th Th ni, bnh nh ng lon, tiu dit tn bo, l ngha binh (cu lon dit bo l ngha binh). Cng binh c v, th p ngi, l kiu binh (ly mnh p ngi l kiu binh). Ngha binh nh u thng (ngha binh v ch), kiu binh th tt bi (kiu th b dit). Lc ny thin t Ha, ct qun n min nam l tri ngha Hung h To Tho php k nghim minh, s tt tinh nhu, u nh Cng Tn Ton ngi ch cht? Ly kiu binh nh ngha binh l iu bt li; khng c l g ly v danh nh hu danh. Nu khng tnh n sch lc, ch ngh n cng li trc mt l tht sch. V vy Th Th ni: Vt b k vn an, dy qun v danh, trm ly lm lo s v iu .

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Th Th ni ti iu rt c bn. Chng ta u bit chin tranh l s k tc ca chnh tr. V vy, s thnh bi trong chin tranh khng ch lc lng qun s mnh hay yu. iu khin trong trng m thng li ngoi ngn dm, cng khng th ch ngh n thc lc (thng hay bi, khng ch mnh hay yu) m phi ngh xem, v chnh tr chnh xc cha, v o ngha hp l cha. Nh Vin Thiu, khi binh bt ngha, ra qun v danh l no li khng tht bi? Tic ] Vin Thiu li khng hiu iu , nghe theo Quch , ni mnh t l, kt qu, v chnh tr, v o ngha u thua To Tho, v mt chin lc, ch v ci li trc mt, mun nh gp, mun h danh b qua thc t) ng nhin l v u st trn. C th ni, tht li v chnh tr, tht l v o ngha, tht sch v chin lc u l nhng nguyn nhn quan trng khin Vin Thiu tht bi. V mt ch huy, Vin Thiu cng mc sai lm. T u trng ngay k ging ng kch ty ca To Tho, khng gi Bch M m cho qun chi vin Din Tn, l mt; sau khi To Tho a qun v Quan , Vin Thiu khng ngh l To Tho ly lui tin, ly th cng, li cho qun n Quan , l hai; trong giai on knh ch, li phi Lu B v Lu Tch n quy nhiu vng ngoi Ha huyn, khng nghe theo Ha Du i p thin t, l ba; lc To Tho tp kch So, li nghe theo Quch , phi khinh binh i cu So, phi trng binh tin nh Quan , l bn. C th ni, Vin Thiu phm ht sai lm ny n sai lm khc trong lc ch huy. Kt cc ca trn chin Quan ni l do To Tho dng binh nh thn khng bng ni l do Vin Thiu qu ngu xun. Ngi xa ni, lnh ti ch mt mt, tng km th cht c l. Ch soi sai lm li sai lm, chin tranh ch c bi. Vin Thiu vn khng phi l tng ti, l nguyn nhn c bn mc sai lm trong ch huy. K v c im ca Vin Thiu, Tun c ni Thiu tr tr t quyt, d mt thi c; ngha l nhn vic chm, phn ng chm, mm yu khng quyt lun mt thi c. Ngc li, To Tho quyt ngay vic ln, ng bin khng cng, c th quyt ngay vic ln, ty c ng bin. Tam quc ch - V k ni, thng ging nm Kin An th V (nm 200), m trc khi trn chin Quan m mn, To Tho lo vic nh Lu B. Lc mi ngi ni, ngi tranh ginh thin h vi minh cng chng phi l Vin Thiu sao? V u minh cng li nh Lu B? To Tho ni, Lu B mi l ho kit. Nn dit i tr hu ha. Mi ngi li ni, qun Vin ang p cnh, chng ta i nh Lu B, Vin Thiu em qun vng ra pha sau chng ta th sao? To Tho ni c yn tm! Vin Thiu tuy c ch ln nhng gii quyt vic chm, hn s chng lm g. Qu nhin, cho ti khi To Tho nh Lu B xong, bt sng Quan V v v con Lu B gii v n Quan , Vin Thiu vn yn ng. Theo Tam quc ch - Vin Thiu truyn, khi , in Phong ni, nn tha c tp kch To Tho. Vin Thiu ni, con nh ang bnh, khng chu xut qun. in Phong tc gin, gim chn ni, c hi ngn nm mi c! Sao li ni l con m!

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Mt nguyn nhn khc dn ti ch huy sai lm l dng ngi khng tha ng. Di trng Vin Thiu c rt nhiu nhn ti. Nhan Lng, Vn S c dng. in Phong, Ha Du c mu, Th Th, Quch c tr, Thm Phi, Phng K tn trung, cho nn Khng Dung mi qu quyt rng To Tho khng phi l i th. Theo Tam quc ch - Tun c truyn, Khng Dung tng ni vi Tun c in Phong, Ha Du, nhng ngi mu tr, lp k cho Thiu; Thm Phi, Phng K, nhng ngi tn trung, lm vic cho Thiu; Nhan Lng, Vn S, ng u ba qun, thng binh cho Thiu, thc kh ch ni! Nhng vn cn nhng iu khin Tun c phi lo ngh. H u l nhng nhn ti, khng th ph nhn, nhng h u c nhc im: in Phong thng nhng hay phm thng, Ha Du tham v bt tr, Thm Phi mnh nhng v mu, Phng K quyt on, lun cho mnh l ng. Thng m phm thng, c mu t c dng; tham m bt tr, trung thnh kh c bo m; mnh m v mu, quyt sch kh chu o; qu quyt lun cho mnh l ng, lm vic kh trnh khi b o. Thm ch Tun c cn d on, nu ngi nh Ha Du phm php, hai ngi tn trung nh Thm Phi, Phng K tt s khng n, chp php nh sn, Ha Du nht nh s lm phn. Cn Nhan Lng v Vn S, bt qu ch l nhng k tht phu hu dng, ch mt trn l tm c. Kt qu hon ton nh li Tun c, in Phong vo t, Ha Du lm phn, Nhan Lng v Vn S u b mt u. Nhng nu ch ring s ngi c khuyt im th khng ng ngi. i c my ai thp ton thp m, ai cng c nhc im. Ci gi l hiu ngi giao vic, mu cht l phi hiu r tng ngi, u l u im, u l khuyt im, phi lm g pht huy s trng, hn ch s on. Tic l Vin Thiu khng hiu nh vy. Nguyn tc dng ngi ca Vin Thiu ch l thch hay ght. Tiu chun thch hay ght rt n gin, thch nhng k hay ton ht, b ; ght nhng ai hay c kin. in Phong hay nu kin, Vin Thiu cho in Phong vo nh lao; Th Th thch nu kin, Vin Thiu Th Th ngi trn gh lnh, kt qu vic Th Th ngi trn gh lnh l quyt sch ca Vin Thiu phm ht sai lm ny n sai lm khc. Vin Thiu ti n qun L Dng, phi Nhan Lng i nh Bch M. Th Th nhc nh, Nhan Lng nng ny, kh nhn nhn, tuy kiu dng, nhng khng th mt mnh nh mt mt. Vin Thiu khng theo, kt qu Nhan Lng b git. To Tho a qun v Quan , Th Th khuyn Vin Thiu nn ng qun Din Tn, chia qun n Quan . Pha Quan va nh thng, i qun c ng Din Tn, sau i cng khng mun. Nu tin phng bt li, chng ta cn ng rt. Vin Thiu li khng theo, kt qu l b To Tho li vo m ly. To Tho tp kch So, Th Th li c kin, phi Tng K dn i bit ng ct ng rt ca To Tho. Vin Thiu li khng theo, kt qu l ton b vn ling b t sch. Tnh cch ca Vin Thiu kh c bit, kh nng cng khc l, phm l kin chnh xc, c li cho mnh, theo bn nng Vin Thiu nht nh s chng li, cng c li Vin Thiu cng khng theo. Thc l iu k l.

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Ch soi khng danh ngha, mu thn c nhc im, l iu t hi v t hi hn khi h u vi nhau. Trc l Quch cm hn Th Th, sau l Phng K hm hi in Phong. kin ca Quch , Thm Phi v Th Th, in Phong khc nhau l chuyn thng. Trong lc bn lun, kh trnh khi nhn nhn tr, u c chuyn nht tr hon ton? Ch cn ly cng tm; khng phng m tranh lun th vn c th hp tc. Nhng tp on Vin Thiu th khng nh vy. Bn bc va xong, Quch i ni xu Th Th, ni Th Th nm quyn trong ngoi, uy trn ba qun, nu khng khng ch ngay, e sau ny s khng kp. Vin Thiu bt u nghi ng, khng ch rt bt qun quyn ca Th Th m cn khng theo Th Th. Th Th mun t chc cng khng c, bt c phi theo chn Vin Thiu sang sng. Trc khi ln thuyn, Th Th ngng mt nhn tri than th, Hong H bao la mnh mang, e rng ta mt i m khng tr li! Qu nhin, Vin Thiu bi trn, Th Th b bt, ri vo tay To Tho. L ra Th Th cng Vin Thiu rt lui, nhng Vin Thiu chy thc mng, c ngh g n s sng cht ca b h? Th Th khng kp sang sng, nn b bt lm t binh. c gii i gp To Tho, trn ng Th c go to Th khng hng u. Lc gp To Tho, Th ni lm phc git nhanh ln. Th Th cng l bn c ca To Tho. To Tho bc n ni, tri long t l, bi bin nng du, no ng chng ta li gp nhau. Th Th ni, Vin cng sai lm, cng ng mt l (K chu tht sch, phi chy ln bc). Tr tu v lc lng ca Th dng ht, c sng cng ch l t binh ca ngi. To Tho ni Bn S v mu, khng dng k ca ng, nay ng hp tc vi ta, th no? Th Th ni, tnh mng ca c nh ang nm trong tay Vin Thiu, xin To cng git ti i! Chng cn cch no khc, To Tho nh phi git Th Th. To Tho ni, gi ta c Th Th sm hn, th vic thin h chng phi lo ngh nhiu. Mu s ca Vin Thiu ang u vi nhau, vic nh ca Vin Thiu cng ang m . Vin Thiu c ba con trai: Vin m, Vin Hi, Vin Thng, ngi m Vin Thiu thch nht l Vin Thng. L do rt n gin, Vin Thng xinh p nht. Chng ta u bit, Vin Thiu l mt mu ngi ti, Tam quc ch ni, Thiu T th uy v, dung mo ngi ngi. Vin Thiu ngh, thay th ngi p gi phi l ngi p tr, v vy mun lp Vin Thng lm t, nhng khng bit ni th no. Vin Thiu lin mn c mun kho st nng lc ca chng, ba ngi con v mt a chu ngoi, mi ngi lnh mt chu: Vin m l Th s Thanh chu, Vin Hi l Th s U chu, Cao Cn l Th s Tinh chu, Vin Thng v mnh cng gi cn c l K chu. Theo ch dn Cu Chu Xun Thu, Th Th phn i lun. Th Th ni, mt ch th chy n ng t, mi ngi u ra ui. Nu c ai bt c th, mi ngi s khng ui na (mt con th chy ra ng t, hng vn ngi ui bt, mt ngi bt c, mi ht ngi tham). Ngi lm vy s c mu thun mm ha bt u. Vin Thiu khng theo. Qu nhin, Vin Thiu va mt, tai ha p xung vi anh em Vin Thng, mu s cng chia thnh hai phi. Thm Phi, Phng K ng h Vin Thng, Tn Bnh, Quch

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ng h Vin m, cui cng th cuc u ginh quyn ot li cng quy v ch ht. Cho nn, cn phi thm mt iu na vo ch mt ca Vin Thiu, l v t chc th mt ha. Chnh tr mt li, o ngha mt l, chin lc mt sch, ch huy sai lm, dng ngi khng tha ng. Vi su iu mt , Vin Thiu khng bi, mi l l tri khng dung. Chng trch To Tho y lng tin. Tam quc ch - V k ni, sau khi tin tc Vin Thiu xut qun truyn n Ha huyn, mi ngi xung quanh To Tho u lo lng, ngh rng khng th chng ni qun Vin (ch tng cho rng khng ch ni). Bi v Vin Thiu c mi vn tinh binh dng tng, binh lc ca To Tho khng qu mt vn (Bi Tng Chi khng thy nhng s liu ny l chnh xc). Nhng To Tho th vn nh thng. Tho ni, ta qu hiu con ngi Vin Thiu. Ngi ny d tm ln, nhng tr tu th t (ch ln nhng tr nh); tuy hung hn nhng gan b (kh sc li hi nhng gan mng); nghi k nh nhen, nhn duyn khng ra g (nghi k h khc nhng thiu uy). Tp on ca Vin Thiu binh nhiu nhng ln xn, kiu tng nhng kh thng nht). V vy, tuy Vin Thiu c a bn rng, lng tho nhiu (t ai tuy rng, lng thc tuy nhiu), Vin Thiu cng ch l b trng hu cn ca chng ta (cung phng thch ng cho chng ta). Cui cng th To Tho vn l bn c ca Vin Thiu, thu hiu Vin Thiu. Con ngi Vin Thiu ng l ch ln ti s, kh th nhng chng l g, ngoi mnh trong rng, chnh kin chnh tr thiu, kh nng qun s yu, thiu nng lc v t chc. Nhng nu ni, Vin Thiu chng c g gi l phong , ti hoa, nhn nhn th khng ph hp vi thc t. S thc th Vin Thiu c bn lnh, c sc hp dn. L hu ca T th tam cng, Thiu khng ta hng c nghip ca cha ng, cng khng lm mt danh ting ca cha ng, m bng nng lc ca mnh, Thiu cn ginh c nhng thnh tu ln hn, vinh d cao hn. Cn phi khng nh iu ny. Nhng c vo nhng lc mu cht Thiu li t ra xun ngc, c chp v ba bi, cui cng th ht ng. Vin Thiu ngu xun, c chp v ba bi, ni ra l ba nhng ch l mt. Vin Thiu v lm liu nn mi bo th, v bo th mi ngu xun li v ngu xun nn mi ba bi. Vin Thiu xun ch khng t bit mnh. V khng t bit mnh, Thiu mi lm ba, cho rng mnh l thin h v ch, v vy mi ngu xun. V ngu xun mi cho rng quyt sch ca mnh l anh minh, v vy mi bo th. V bo th, Thiu khng nghe bt k ai, nn mi tht bi. C th ni, Vin Thiu tht bi l tht bi cch lm ngi, v cng do tnh cch c bit nn mi dn ti tht bi cch lm ngi. Tnh cch c trng ca Vin Thiu l ni tm phn lit, Tun c ni Vin Thiu ngoi khoan dung, trong nghi k, dng ngi nhng cha tin tng. Tam quc ch li ni ngoi khoan hng c hn ch, bun vui khng l, trong lng lun nghi k. Cng l ni, con ngi Vin Thiu, b ngoi th vn v ha nh, khoan dung i lng,

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dng dp phong , k thc lng d en ti. Khng mun ngi khc phong quang hn, thng minh hn, chnh xc hn. Vin Thiu nh To Tho v Tho phong quang hn; Vin Thiu ging chc Th Th v Th Th thng minh hn. Theo ch dn Tin hin hnh trng ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Vin Thiu truyn, sau khi bi trn Quan , tng s ca Vin Thiu, m tay vo ngc, khc lc ri l m rng, nu c in Phong y, chng ta u n on th ny. Vin Thiu cng thy mt ht s din, mi hi Phng K v thi ca in Phong. Phng K ni, trong ngc in Phong vui mng v hon nn, v tay ci m ln, ni l mnh liu vic nh thn. Kt qu, vic lm trc ht ca Vin Thiu lc v ti Nghip Thnh l git in Phong. D khng c li gim ca Phng K th in Phong cng phi cht. Theo Tam quc ch - Vin Thiu truyn, lc b bn n chc mng in Phong, Ngi s c trng dng. in Phong tr li l nu qun c li, ta s sng; nay qun bi, chc ta phi cht. in Phong hiu qu r v con ngi Vin Thiu. Nu Vin Thiu thng trn th trong lng s vui sng, cn c th phng thch in Phong ra khi ngc, t r s khoan dung i lng, li na, mun ly kin ca ngi ny chng minh s sng sut v i ca mnh. Mt khi tht bi th va xu h va bc tc, nht nh phi trt gin ln u ngi khc, ly u ngi khc cho h gin, git ngi chnh xc hng che giu li lm ca mnh. Mt ngi nh vy thc khng ra ci ging g! Ngay c b v ca Vin Thiu cng chng ra g. Theo ch dn in lun ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Vin Thiu truyn, ngay trong lc hi ct ca Vin Thiu cha c chn ct (thi th cha chn) th b v ca Vin Thiu l Lu th cho git ton b nm ngi thip yu ca Vin Thiu, ni l nm con h li tinh ny hi cht chng b ta. Khng ch git m cn p nt mt nm c gi , khi xung cu tuyn khng cn tip tc m hoc Vin Thiu. Vin Thng cn gip Tr lm chuyn bo ngc, gip m git c nh nm ngi n b . To Tho th khc hn. Lc bi trn t xem xt mnh, lc thng trn th cm t ngi khc. Phu nhn ca To Tho cng rt n hu. Theo ch dn Ngy lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Hu phi truyn, nhn lc To Tho ra ngoi. Bin th thng cho n inh phu nhn - ngi li d vi To Tho, n , i x nh vi thip ca chng, nhng lc khc, thng cho ngi thm hi, mang n biu qun o, thc n. So snh To Tho v Vin Thiu, gia nhng ngi v ca h, chng phi r ai nn thng ai nn thua ri sao? ng vy, hng vong l ai, thng bi chng phi v c. Lc ny nhn ti, To Tho thng li, Vin Thiu tht bi, phi ni l thng bi c c. Thc t th s khc bit cao thp gia To v Vin hin r t rt sm. Theo Tam quc ch - V k, ngay t lc khi binh nh ng Trc, Vin Thiu tng hi To Tho, nu nh Trc khng xong th ng ni xem chng ta nn da vo ni no, ly u lm cn c (ni no l c)? To Tho hi li, tc h th no? Vin Thiu tr li, nam da vo Hong H, bc chim Yn i (nay l vng bc b H Bc v vng ng bc Sn Ty), kim lnh Nhung ch (ch Hon), tin xung pha nam ginh thin h, c th s thnh cng

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chng? To Tho ci thm v ngh, nu l v dng th trnh i u cng ch l v dng. Tho thng thng ni, theo ta, nn dng nhng ngi tr nng trong khp thin h, thng soi h bng chnh o, chnh ngha th chng c vic g m khng thnh (ta dng tr lc trong thin h, ly o m x s th vic g cng thnh). y To Tho li dng t hi Hn ng c nhiu ngha ni ln nhng hiu bit v chnh tr khc nhau gia Vin Thiu v mnh. Vin Thiu hi ni no v u l c, hai ch ni no c th hiu l v tr a l, cng c th hiu l iu kin chnh tr; c, c th hiu l c im, cng c th hiu l bng c. Nh vy, li ni ca To Tho c th hiu l: ch cn da vo chnh ngha v nhn ti th bt c u cng u l cn c a. R rng, To Tho hiu bit nhiu hn Vin Thiu nhiu. V sau, y cng l thi ca To Tho v Vin Thiu lc tranh ginh Trung Nguyn: cu dng con bi qun s a l, mnh dng con bi chnh tr nhn ti, anh em ta cng chi th xem! T lu, To Tho hiu r, ngn c chnh ngha v i qun tinh nhu chnh l hai php bo ln nh ch, ginh thng li. Tun c ni, Vin Thiu ngi hng o vi, c ngi m khng bit dng. Ngc li, To Tho c sc li cun ngi v bit dng ngi. Vy, v sao To Tho t tp c ngi v ci o dng ngi ca To Tho l g? Tp th mi mt: TRM SNG V BIN T lu, To Tho hiu, ngn c chnh ngha v i ng tinh nhu s l hai php bo ln nh gic ginh thng li. Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc l ging cao ngn c chnh ngha; ban b cu hin lnh, ch trng c ti l dng, l xy dng mt i ng tinh nhu. Thc t th Vin Thiu v To Tho u mun dng ngi. Vy, o dng ngi ca Vin v To c g khc nhau. To Tho cao minh ch no? tp ny, chng ta ni ti o dng ngi ca To Tho. y l vn rt quan trng. Phn cui trong Tam quc ch - V k c cu ni: Cui thi Hn, thin h lon lc, anh hng ni dy Vin Thiu nhn khp bn chu, cng thnh v ch. Thi t vn tr mu lc, tin nh khp ci, s dng php thut ca Thn, Thng, gm k hay sch l ca Hn, Bch, quan phng trao chc u ng vi nng lc, tnh ton khc thng, khng nh ti c c, cui cng phng thin t, hon thnh nghip ln, l sch lc sng sut, ti u. C th coi l ngi phi thng, mt kit xut ci th. Trn Th nh gi chung v To Tho nh vy. Qua li bnh trn thy r, chin thng Vin Thiu l thnh cng ln nht trong cuc i To Tho; To Tho thnh cng c v tinh thng mu lc v gii dng ngi. Mi hay, o dng ngi l ni dung chnh trong o thnh cng ca To Tho.

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Trong o dng ngi c hai vn , 1- Dng ngi no. 2- Dng nh th no. Chnh trn hai vn ny, To Tho v Vin Thiu th hin hai phong cch khc nhau hon ton. Trc ht ni ti, dng ngi no. Cn phi khng nh, Vin Thiu c sc ht v cng hiu c nhn ti v nhn duyn l quan trng. Li ch dn Anh hng k ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch Vin Thiu truyn ni, lc cn t tui kinh thnh, Vin Thiu giao thip rng ri vi nhiu ngi ho hip, trong ho mn i vin lun by yn tic, m d hi, tip n ton nhng ngi hin t ni danh trong x hi, ngi i k n, x ng h anh anh em em v cng no nhit. Mt thi nh ng cc khng hi lng, ni Vin Thiu khng nn h ho, nui t s, ci cu ny, nh lm g y? Ngi ch l Vin Uy cng mng Vin Thiu, nh hy hoi Vin gia! Vin Thiu tr nn d dt hn, ri chy n lm vic ch i tng qun H Tin. R rng, trong triu c ngi pht hin thy, Vin Thiu ang lm theo cng t Qu Gii trc thi Tn, giao ho hip, nui mn khch, lp tp on nh. Hnh nh Vin Thiu cng ngm ngm mun mnh c nh Bn i cng t thi Chin Quc. Qu Tn lun ca Gi Ngh ni, thi Tn c Mnh Thng, Triu c Bnh Nguyn, S c Xun Thn, Ngy c Tn Lng, l bn qun t, sng sut v trung tn, khoan hu v yu ngi, tn hin v trng s, u ni ting thin h, nht h bch ng. Rt nhiu ngi ngng m li sng . Vin Thiu xut thn cao qu, l mu ngi ti, l thiu nin xinh p, cm thy rt c t cch v rt nn tr thnh nhng cng t nh vy. Rt tic Vin Thiu ch hc c mt cht b ngoi, cha hc c ci tinh ty bn trong. C th mi hc c cch tiu tin (khng tic nhng th qu gi, t ai mu m), cn th cha bit Minh tr v trung tn, khoan hu v yu ngi, tn hin v trng s. Vin Thiu chi vi ngi khc theo mt nguyn tc, khng phi ngi ni ting, khng chi. Nh vy l phin din v cng l mun ra oai ra v. Vin Thiu lm nh vy l mun ni vi mi ngi, i cng t h Vin khng mun ty tin gp g vi bt k loi ngi no (khng gp khch ba bi). chng phi mun ra v th l g? iu quan trng hn cn l, Vin Thiu kt giao vi ngi ni ting l cao mnh, khng phi thc lng mun s dng ti tr ca h. Vin Thiu lun coi mnh l ngi phi phm, khng tha nhn c ngi thng minh hn mnh, v vy khng dng ni nhng nhn ti thc s, ch cn nhng ngi ra v hiu bit mt cht l c. chnh l ra oai. V vy Vin Thiu c th v l ngi bnh thng mun hiu bit nhng trong lng khng mun nghe theo ngi khc. cng l nguyn nhn c bn, Vin Thiu c th t tp ngi nhng khng th dng ngi. Tun c ph phn rt ng Thiu da vo c nghip, lm ngi ti gii, mong c h danh, nn ch nhng ngi t ti, thch h danh mi theo n ngha l: Vin Thiu da vo vn ling tch

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ly ca gia tc, v nh l hin h s, mong c h danh, v vy nhng k no chung h danh mi n vi Thiu. Vin Thiu lun lun: ra oai din v, mong cu h danh cho ra v, dng dng t c. To Tho th ngc li, phng chm l: thc s cu th, c ti l dng, khng h cu n, ai n cng nhn. Vi tin , To Tho x l tha ng nm loi quan h. Th nht, danh v thc. Chnh sch ca To Tho l: danh n thc v, thc t quan trng hn. To Tho hiu r tm quan trng ca nhn ti v cng hiu r v mnh. To Tho bit, mt ho hn phi c ba ngi tr lc, mun thnh s nghip, cn c ngi gip. To Tho cng bit, v bi cnh, lai lch, a v, thc lc, mnh khng bng ngi khc. Khng c nh Vin Thiu, c c mt gia tc hng hu; khng c bng Tn Quyn, sn c c mt c nghip; thm ch khng bng c Lu B, c mt tm danh thip sng la. To Tho c rt t vn ling v chnh tri, v vy cn c s gip , ng h ca nhiu ngi, nht l s hp tc ca nhiu cao mn th tc, c vn ku gi. C th gip c l tt, bt k l gip theo kiu g. C ti, cn, c ting, cn, c h danh cng cn, tm li, cng nhiu cng tt. Thm ch To Tho khng yu cu h phi c tc dng thc t, ch cn h nm c mt t kin thc. Cng khng yu cu h phi thc bng gip mnh, ch cn h khng chng i cng khai. V vy, sau khi nghnh n thin t, di v huyn Ha, To Tho c v s nhn ti, bao gm c nhng ngi nh Khng Dung. ng nhin, h khng n gip To Tho. H ni, xin ht lng v t nc v hong . Nhng trong tnh hnh To Tho nm trn i quyn th vic ht lng v hong hay ht lng v To Tho c khc g nhau? Ch t, th bn pha To Tho ngi cng ng nghn nght. C iu To Tho cng thm vui mng v c v s ngi c chn ti thc hc. To Tho l ngi c thc bnh dn v tinh thn thit thc. To Tho c cu danh ngn: ng v h danh m chuc ly ha thc. To Tho xem thng h danh. To Tho nhng chc v i tng qun cho Vin Thiu, l biu hin khng chung h danh. To Tho cng khng sng bi danh nhn. Ngay t thi lin qun Quan ng, To Tho c lnh gio t nhng ngi c h danh. ng, khng nn m tn danh nhn, danh nhn v nng nhn l hai khi nim. Danh nhn khng nht thit l nhng ngi c bn lnh thc s, h lun lun l ngi c danh ting, nhng s ng ch l h danh. Nht l vo cui thi ng Hn, thi k nc si la bng , s ngi thao thao bt tuyt nhng trong ngoi bt nht chng l cn l t sao? To Tho khng h b la!

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Thi ca To Tho trong vn hn nhn cng vy. Bin th, phu nhn th hai ca To Tho xut thn l con ht. Thi ngh ht xng khng ch l ngh ti tin m cn l ngh b khinh r. Bin phu nhn xut thn tuy hn km, nhng nhn phm li rt tt, i nhn x th cng rt nhn nhn. Tam quc ch. Hu phi truyn ni, sau khi To Phi c lp lm thi t, nhng ngi chung quanh vui ci mun Bin phu nhn phi chiu i. Bin phu nhn ni, ta khng lm con ci h l mn nguyn ri. Bi Tng Chi ch dn Ngy th ni, Tao Tho Bin thi chn ly hai th trong s bu vt, ln no Bin th cng chn th va va. To Tho hi v sao, Bin th ni, chn th qu nht l tham lam, chn th km nht l khng thc nn ch chn th va va. Tho rt thch th vi cu ni . Thc t, th sau khi ly d vi inh phu nhn, To Tho bt k quan nim th tc mn ng h i, khi lp Bin th lm v, e cng l quan nim thit thc. ng, Bin th xut thn ti tin, nhung l ngi ti c vn ton, vy, cn g phi chn ly con nh danh mn? Th hai, l c v ti. Chnh sch ca To Tho: c ti y , c ti l dng. To Tho c thc ca ngi bnh dn v tinh thn thit thc, nn, khi tuyn chn ct nhc nhn ti, To Tho khng ging nh Vin Thiu khng ni ting, khng cho gp hoc ging ch trng ca mt s ngi no Phi l hin s th mi dng. To Tho cn nhng ngi c th mnh dn gip mnh bnh tr thin h. V vy, trc sau ba ln vo nhng nm Kin An th XV (nm 210), Kin An nm th XIX (nm 214), To Tho ban b cu hin lnh, xc nh r chnh sch nhn ti c ti l dng. To Tho ni, lc ny thin h cha nh l lc rt cn ngi ti (y l lc cu hin cp bch), v vy ch cn ni bit lm hay khng bit lm, khng th c bi lng tm vt, i hi qu nhiu. Nu nht nh c yu cu o c phm cht phi y , thp ton thp m, th lm sao T Hon cng c th hon thnh nghip b? Cao hong sao c th lp nn i Hn? Cho nn, ch cn l nhn ti, c thut tr quc dng binh th d l danh ting khng tt (danh ting nhc), lm iu khin mi ngi ch ci (hnh vi b ch ci), thm ch l bt nhn bt hiu, mong mi ngi c tin c, ng th no s dng th y (ta c v s dng). Cu hin lnh ca To Tho l mt s kin ln trong lch s Trung Quc. N thay i cch dng ngi ca quc (ch st c thi Lng Hn ri khi v i lch s, thay th bng ch tin c thi Ngy Tn, n Ty ng li thay bng ch khoa c) v cng l vn l lun quan trng khin mi ngi tranh lun trong mt thi gian di, tc l quan h gia c v ti. iu l tng nht, ng nhin l c ti y . Nhng, mt khi c v ti cha c th ci no l tay gu, ci no l vy c? Cch lm truyn thng l ly c khng ly ti, t ra th c trc ti sau, nhng To Tho li ni r c ti l dng. Th no l c ti th dng, tc l ch cn c ti l c, c c th cha, thm ch l bt nhn bt hiu cng chng sao. ng nhin, ni vy th hi l, d dng hiu sai i, v vy cn phi gii thch thm mt cht.

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Thc ra, khng phi To Tho khng cn c. Thc t th To Tho rt ch trng mt o c. To Tho rt tn trng nhng ngi o c chn chnh, cao thng. Thi Dim l ngi nho nh chnh phi, To Tho rt knh n; Mao Gii l ngi lim khit cng minh, To Tho rt knh trng. To Tho thng ni vi mi ngi, Thi Dim l tm gng cho mi ngi, l mu mc ca thi i. Nu quan li ai cng c nh Thi Dim v Mao Gii, u t gic chp hnh mi lut l th c th, ta chng cn vic g m lm. Nhng To Tho hon ton khng phi l ngi Duy o c lun (Nm Kin An th VIII, To Tho ban b lnh ph phn Duy o c lun). To Tho khng coi o c l tiu chun duy nht trong tuyn chn nhn ti, thm ch khng coi l tiu chun s mt. V sao vy? Bi mt khi ly o c lm tiu chun duy nht v tiu chun s mt s ny sinh ra ba vn . 1- C c khng c ti. Mt ngi c tuyn chn, v phm cht ng l khng c vn nhng tic l ci g cng khng bit, khng lm c th ch l mt ngi tt, v dng. 2- Qu cu ton. Mt s ngi c ti, thm ch c ti c bit, nhng v phm cht o c c sai st hoc c vn s khng c tuyn chn. 3- C s di tr. Mt ngi mun c tuyn chn tt phi ra v chnh tr, ra v o c, kt qu o c tr thnh v o c, tnh hnh cui thi ng Hn l nh vy. Vy, ch trng c ti y khng c sao? Thi Dim, Mao Gii chng phi c ti y sao? c ti y ng nhin l tt, nhng l iu l tng. Trong thi bnh, lc thin h i tr, khng c nhiu yu cu dc bit c th c t t , tuyn chn tng ngi mt. Nhng y l thi k c bit, To Tho mun lm nhng vic phi thng th khng th t t, tng bc tng bc, phi trng thng ngi c cng, phi trng dng ngi ti nng. Ni nh li trong Thng cng nng lnh c To Tho ban b vo nm Kin An th VIII (nm 203) tc l Thi bnh xt v phm c, lc c vic thng v cng nng. Thc t, c v ti khng th c y , danh v thc cng v tt thng nht. Ngi c phm hnh khng nht nh l c nng lc (ngi c c v tt c th tin th). Ngi c nng lc cng khng nht nh c phm hnh (ngi bit tin th v tt c c hnh). Cng vy, ngi xut thn tt khng nht nh c trnh , ngi c trnh khng nht nh l xut thn tt. To Tho ni, Y Don v Ph Thuyt chng phi l n l sao? Tiu H v To Tham chng phi l huyn li sao? Trn Bnh tng mang ting c. Hn Tn tng b ch ci, Qun Trng th khi phi ni, lun v lp trng th l k th; lun v phm hnh th l tiu nhn. Nhng Thng Thang, V inh, T Hon v Cao Hong chng ta trng dng h, da vo h thnh cng thng li. Nh th cha vn c sng t sao? Hung chi, ci gi l c ti gm t thi ng Hn li y, thc t ch l cn c khng cn ti, d cho c l c gi. Thm ch trong lc To Tho thu nhn

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v s nhn ti, li c ngi ch trng, d l c cng, c ti nhng nu c hnh khng , qun quc cng khng tuyn. Vy nn phi sa i, sa cho ng, ng v lm theo. V th khng th thng bng m yu cu phi c ti c nn c phi ni theo ti m ct nhc. Th ba, lim v tham. Chnh sch ca To Tho l trng dng thanh quan, khng lnh tiu tham. c ti l dng, th khng cu n. c ti y tt nhin l tt, c mt cht nhc im th cng chng sao. Ngy th c ghi li mt cu chuyn, To Tho c ngi ng hng l inh Bi, thch v vt nhng th chng ra g, tng li dng chc quyn i con b gy ca nh ly con b bo ca tp th, kt qu b bi quan. To Tho gp ngi ny v c hi: Vn hu , quan n ca cu u ri? inh Bi nhn nh ni: i ly bnh n ri. To Tho ci kh, ri quay li ni vi l ty tng: Mao Gii nhiu ln bo ta phi x nng inh Bi, ta ni inh Bi chng khc g ch mo gii bt chut nhng li thch n vng, vn cn c tc dng nn gi li. Chuyn nu c thc, s c coi l miu lun sm nht Trung Quc. Th t, hng v phn. Chnh sch ca To Tho l: chiu hng np phn, khng tnh him khch c. Khng cu n, khng hi n xut thn, thm ch l ngi trong tri ch, To Tho lun tm cch li ko s dng. Trong tay To Tho c nm vin i tng th ba vin t doanh tri ch ti; Trng Liu vn l b tng ca L B, Trng Cp vn l b tng ca Vin Thiu, T Hong vn l b tng ca Dng Phng, Nhc Tin v Vu Cm c To Tho ct nhc t c s ln. ng l a Vu Cm, Nhc Tin t trong trn ln, t trong m t binh tm ra Trng Liu v T Hong, ai cng ra sc lp cng, tr thnh danh tng, (Li ch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k). V sau, Trn Th vit v nm vin i tng ny, gi l Lng tng mt thi, l nm ngi ny; To Tho cng ca ngi h sc mnh hn ngi, mu k y *, mnh m khc thng, ph tan tt c. S thc th, c sau mi chin thng, To Tho lun pht hin v chiu m nhn ti t trong m t binh. Ngay c L B, To Tho cng mun gi li, v sau do Lu B khuyn can nn mi thi. Theo Tam quc ch. L B truyn v Hu Hn th. L B truyn ti Bch Mn lu lc , L B tuy l t binh, nhng vn ra v cao ngao. L B vi v phn chn ni vi To Tho: Tt ri, chuyn c coi nh ht, thin h yn nh! Th l ngha lm sao, To Tho hi li. L B ni, ci ha trong lng minh cng chng phi L B ny sao? Lc ny th L B thun phc ngi ri! Nu L B soi lnh k binh, minh cng soi lnh b binh th thin h cn ai ngn cn ni? Li quay sang ni vi Lu B Huyn c cng ! Ngi l thng khch, ti l t di thm, dy buc qu cht ngi khng th ni gip ti mt cu sao? To Tho ci kh kh ni Tri lo h m, khng th khng tri cht hn. Tho nh h lnh ci tri, Lu B ngi cnh,

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ging ni lnh lng Minh cng khng thy L B i x vi inh Nguyn ng Trc nh th no sao? To Tho nh sc tnh, mt k vong n bi ngha, phn phc v thng, nu rng ri qu ha h, nh phi git L B. Trong s cc mu thn, khng t ngi t pha ch ti. Ha Du t doanh Vin Thiu ti, To Tho vi v, chn khng ra n. Khoi Vit v Lu Tn cng nhau u hng, To Tho vui v ni, khng phi mnh c Kinh chu m l c Khoi Vit. Trong lc vit hch vn cho Vin Thiu, Trn Lm chi ba i t tng To Tho. Sau khi l t binh, Trn Lm c l T khng qun mu t tu. Nhng iu lm mi ngi cm ng nht li l chuyn ca Vng Tu. Vng Tu trc l ngi ca Vin m. Sau khi Vin m b git, Vng Tu khc lc v i tm To Tho, xin To Tho cho c chn ct Vin m. To Tho c khng p, Vng Tu ni: Nhn n su ca Vin th, nu c chn ct m ri c cht cng khng n hn. To Tho vui v ngha m thun. Sau khi chn Vin m xong. Vng Tu tr thnh mu thn quan trng ca To Tho, Tam quc ch c ghi truyn ca Vng Tu. ng nhin, khng phi tt c ngi bn doanh tri ch u u hng To Tho. Th Th l ngi To Tho rt mun c. Li ch dn Hin truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. V k v Tam quc ch. Vin Thiu truyn u ni, Th Th sau khi b bt lm t binh, c To Tho khuyn hng v ha hu i. Nhng v c nh ln, b cn bn Vin Thiu, nn Th Th khng chu hng, cn Tm cch tr v vi Vin Thiu. Chng cn cch no khc, To Tho nh phi git Th Th. To Tho cng rt mun c Thm Phi. Li ch dn Tin hin hnh trng ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Vin Thiu truyn ni, trong trn chin Nghip Thnh, Thm Phi b bt lm t binh, To Tho hi: Lc ta vy thnh, v sao cc ngi bn tn nhiu n nh vy?. Thm Phi ni: Hn l cn qu t. To Tho lin ni: Tc h trung thnh vi cha con Vin Thiu, nn khng th khng nh vy. To Tho ni th, ngoi mun chy ti cho Thm Phi cn c mun tha. Nhng Thm Phi hon ton khng c mun hng, (Tam quc ch. Vin Thiu truyn ni l ging ni sang sng, khng c xin x), nhng k khc th khc khc mu mu, cui cng To Tho nh phi git Thm Phi. Th nm, to v nh. Chnh sch ca To Tho l: bt to b nh, khng cu n tiu tit. Trng dng thanh quan, khng lnh tiu tham cng c, chiu hng np phn, b qua him khch c cng c, u khng phi l k xo, m l kh ; l o dng ngi, khng phi thut dng ngi. Nh Trng T, ngi c thm th i hn, va thy n, tay bt mt mng, phong quan tin tc; nh Ha Du tham lam cung vng, va nghe ti, mng vui, chn khng ra n; nh Trn Lm, ngi cng kch c c, v qu ci ti, khng h suy tnh, thn nhin qun mi chuyn; nh Tt Kham, mt k bi tn bt ngha, ch v s hiu ca ngi m b qua chuyn

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c, tn nhim nh c. T bao chuyn nh vy c th gii by c kh anh hng v tm lng rng ln ca To Tho. Cng vi tm lng v kh , khin bao nhn ti t doanh tri i phng vui v thun phc chy n vi To Tho v To Tho cng i x vi h tht rng lng v chn thnh. Nh Vn Snh, vn l i tng ca Lu Biu, c phi i trn th phng Bc. Sau khi Lu Biu mt, ngi thay th l Lu Tn u hng, To Tho mun c c Vn Snh, nhng Vn Snh khng theo. Vn Snh ni, Vn Snh ny khng th gi trn c chu qun, nn chu ti vi ngi chu qun. V sau, To Tho xung pha nam, vt qua Hn Thy, Vn Snh mi chu n cho To Tho. To Tho ni vui: Sao tc h n mun vy?. Vn Snh ni: Trc kia ti khng th ph t Lu Kinh chu (Lu Biu) v t nc. Nay Lu Kinh chu qua i, nh phi trng coi Hn Xuyn, bo ton trm h, c th sng khng ph ngi c n yu ui (Ch Lu Tn), cht khng h vi ngi khut (Ch Lu Biu). Nay mi vic thay i nn mi ri vo cnh ng ny. Vn Snh ny va au xt va h thn, cn mt mi no n gp minh cng sm hn. Ni xong, khc lc ri l. To Tho cng ri l theo (v thng xt), Tc h xng ng l trung thn. Sau li b nhim Vn Snh l Thi th Giang H. Hn chc nm Vn Snh gi chc v ny (nhng tc v th ngy mt cao hn, t Quan ni hu n nh hu, Hng hu, Huyn hu), nh Quan V, ch ng Tn Quyn ting vang nc ch, gic khng dm n, gi trn mnh t cc binh gia thng tranh ginh, cho To Tho (Xem Tam quc ch. Vn Snh truyn). Qua y mi thy, k thc To Tho rt coi trng o c, v cng ch trng c ti gm . Vn Snh c coi l c ti y nht. Nhng c m To Tho ch trng l c ln, tc l trung v ngha, khng bi lng tm vt, b qua cc tiu tit, nh l tc phong sinh hot v.v... ch cn i tit tt p, nhng vic b nh khc, To Tho mt nhm mt m, coi nh khng hay. Tam quc ch. Quch Gia truyn ni, Quch Gia mu s ht nhn ca To Tho b Trn Qun - mt mu s quan trng ch trch, ni hnh vi ca Quch Gia ng phi kim im (bt tr phi kim im), nhiu ln ph phn gia triu ng, Quch Gia vn nh thng, v s (Gia vn nh c); To Tho cng khng hi ti, vn tn nhim nh c, cng thm trng dng (giao vic quan trng hn). Bn thn Trn Qun l ngi ng mc, To Tho cng lun tn thng (Qun ngay thng ng mc, thy rt vui). To Tho v h , nhp nhng, bn no cng c, l o trung dung m mi ngi thy kh hiu v Tho t ti ci tinh ty ca Trung dung. Trung dung, tc l ly ci c th ng, ly ci ln b ci nh, c kinh c quyn, c tnh nguyn tc (kinh) li c tnh linh hot (quyn). Phi gi vng o c, khng gi th s hng ht, tt c ch l l tiu nhn. Cng vy, khng nn tnh ton nhng tiu tit, tnh ton cho n bao gi, ai ai cng thy c phn nguy him. V vy, To Tho mi khng nh Trn Qun v cng khng truy cu Quch Gia. To Tho nm chc phng hng , nm n tng ly tng t.

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Xem ra, To Tho l thng soi ca ti. To Tho bit r l thng soi phi bit thu nhn tt c, thu ht mt lng ln nhn ti v s dng nhn ti. Phi bit bao dung, bao gm c nhng ngi m ngi khc khng th bao dung. Trm sng v bin, c dung c mnh, ngha l khng t chi, c th thu np tt c , Ngh xem, trm sng v bin, hn trong c c bn, ct. Nu bin c ch nhn nc trong, khng nhn bn ct th gi th no l bin c? To Tho c tm lng ging nh bin c. Chnh v tm lng bin c , mi thu ht c mt lng ln nhn ti v trn doanh ca mnh. C ngi thng k, cho ti lc cht, s mu s ht nhn, mu s quan trng, cng nhng duyn thuc cc cp, To Tho c c 102 ngi. Trong s my v quan trng thi k u c Tun c, Tun Du, Gi H, Quch Gia v Trnh Dc. iu ng ch l, cc v ny u ch ng n vi To Tho, Gi H cn mang theo Trng T, Tun c v Quch Gia n t ch Vin Thiu. iu ny cng cha c g ng k. Thi mu s v v tng t trn doanh ny chy n trn doanh khc cng l chuyn thng, ging nh ngy nay, mt ngi lm x nghip ny chy ti x nghip khc. Tnh trng ngi mt nh phc v hai ni khc nhau cng rt nhiu, nh anh em Gia Ct Cn, Gia Ct Lng, ngi phc v Tn Quyn, ngi phc v Lu B, ai v ch ny, khng ni ti tnh ring, cng khng nh hng ti tnh cm anh em. iu ng ni l, Tun c v Quch Gia t ch Vin Thiu b i l c nguyn nhn, thm ch Quch Gia cn ni vi hai ngi ng hng (Vnh Xuyn) l Tn Bnh v Quch , k li nhng suy ngh thc khi b Vin n vi To. C th coi cu chuyn l ph thin c. Vy, Quch Gia ni nhng g, trong c g l huyn c? Tp th mi hai: THIN H QUY TM To Tho bit dng ngi, gn nh lch s cng nhn iu . C th ni To Tho bit r ci c dng ngi. Nhng vn khng phi ch To Tho lm g, m l lm nh th no v v sao phi lm nh vy. Cng tc l, iu quan trng khng phi l thut, m l o. Vy, o dng ngi ca To Tho l o g, To Tho v sao c th nm vng c o ? Tp trc ni my v mu s quan trng nht trong bui u pht trin ca To Tho nh Tun c. Tun Du, Gi H, Quch Gia v Trnh Dc, gn nh u ch ng chy n vi To Tho. Trc ht vo nm S Bnh th II (nm 191) thi Hn Hin , Tun c chy khi ch Vin Thiu, lc ny Tun c mi c 29 tui. Tam quc ch. Tun c truyn ni, Tun c pht hin thy Vin Thiu khng thnh c i nghip (cui cng Thiu khng thnh i nghip) v y l nguyn nhn Tun c ra i. Lc ny To Tho mi ch l Thi th ng qun, Tun c ti . c Tun c, Tho vui mng khn xit, ni y chnh l Trng Lng ca ta (ta c T Phng ri)! n nm Kin An u tin (nm 196), To Tho nghe theo Tun c v Mao Gii nghnh n thin t, di v Ha huyn, Tun c tr thnh Tng Tham mu trng ca

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To Tho (l Hn Th trung, gi Thng th lnh, thng l quan trng), nhng lc To Tho ra ngoi, Tun c ton quyn lo vic trong nc (Thi t chinh pht ngoi, vic trong nc do Tun c quyt). Mun Tun c tin c mt s nhn ti, To Tho hi, ai c th thay khanh lp mu cho ta, Tun c lin tin c Tun Du, Chung Do v Quch Gia. Tam quc ch. Tun Du truyn ni, khi Tun Du chy n T Xuyn th tc ng, nn nhn nh Kinh chu, To Tho lin c th cho Tun Du, lc ny thin h i lon, l lc cn n tm sc, tr tu ca nhiu ngi. Ngi bung tay bng quan khng cm thy qu lu ri sao? Tun Du lin n vi To Tho. To Tho vui mng, ta c Cng t gip , th liu cn g phi lo na? Chuyn Trnh Dc n mi th v. Tam quc ch. Trnh Dc truyn ni, by gi, th s Duyn chu Lu i mi lm k u, Trnh Dc co m. Ch khi To Tho n Duyn chu, mi Trnh Dc xung ni, va mi Trnh Dc ti ngay. Mt ngi ng hng khng hiu mi hi, sao thi trc sau vi hai ngi li khc nhau vy? Trnh Dc khng p, ch ci. Quch Gia th c sao ni vy. Theo Tam quc ch. Quch Gia truyn, Quch Gia tng ni vi Tn Bnh, Quch - hai mu s ca Vin Thiu, ngi c ch phi tm ch, xut mu lp k to nn cng danh. Vin cng, hc nh Chu cng vi h s, nhng cha bit c dng ngi. a oan khng c im chnh, mu hay khng dm quyt, mun cng nhau nh thin h, nhng khng thnh, lp nn nghip b cng rt kh! Vy nn ri khi Vin Thiu n vi To Tho. To Tho c bui tr chuyn vi Quch Gia, ni dung l Bn chuyn thin h, c hai bn u rt vui. To Tho ni: Khin ta thnh i nghip l nh nhng ngi th ny. T ch To Tho ra, Quch Gia t v ht sc vui mng: ng l ch ca ta. Nm , Quch Gia mi hai mi by tui. Li Quch Gia bao gm ba . Th nht, mt ngi thng minh, nht l mt ngi chun b thnh mu s, nht nh phi tm cho mnh mt ng ch tt (ngi c ch phi tm ch). Th hai, Vin Thiu khng phi ch tt, v khng bit dng ngi. Vin Thiu khng phi khng hiu tm quan trng ca nhn ti v tng hc Chu cng mt ln gi ba ln tm tc, mt ba n ba ln nh cm. Nhng Vin Thiu ch hc c ci b ngoi (hc nh Chu cng vi h s), cha hc c iu ct li (cha bit c dng ngi). Bn thn Thiu khng phi l thng soi ca ti, ngh nhiu nhng khng quyt on (mu hay, khng quyt), theo Thiu s khng c tin (cng nhau nh thin h th khng thnh, lp nn nghip b cng rt kh). S thc chng minh li d on ca Quch Gia l khng sai. Vin Thiu tuy t tp c khng t nhn ti, nhng kt qu th ngi i i, ngi tan tan, ngi cht cht, ngi phn phn. My ngi cn li th chia r, phi ng h Vin m, phi ng h Vin Thng, ho nn gn k, tn st ln nhau, cui cng l ht. Cn th ba ca Quch Gia, khng ni ai cng bit: To Tho l ng ch tt (ng l ch ca ta). V vy, phi b Vin v To.

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Vy, v sao To Tho li l ng ch tt? Th nht, l bit dng ngi, c ti l dng. Khi nh gi o dng ngi ca To Tho, Tam quc ch ni gn thnh mi su ch: Dng ngi ng ti ng ch, tnh ton u khc l, cho qua sai st c. Gi l Tnh ton u khc l, cho qua sai st c, l chiu hin np phn, b qua him khch ni tp trc; bit ngi bit ti, c ti l dng. C ti l dng th ng nh li Tun c, Quch Gia nh gi v o dng ngi ca To Tho. Tun c ni sng sut khng cu n, c ti l dng; Quch Gia ni c ti l dng, khng hi iu khc, cng ngha vi li ni ca Trn Th. C ti l dng l rt quan trng. Bi v, Bit ngi dng ng bao gm ba ni dung: bit ai l nhn ti, bit h c ti v mt no, thuc loi hnh g, bit phi h v tr no l thch hp nht. Cng tc l ni, bit ngi dng ng, mt l phi bit, hai phi dng cho ng. To Tho lm c vic . Nh Thi Dim, Mao Gii u l thanh lim chnh phi, To Tho tuyn chn quan li; To Chi, Nhim Tun l nhng ngi chu thng chu kh, chu iu on trch, To Tho h trng coi n in. V im ny th ngay nh Hng Mi mt ngi triu Tng khng my tnh cm vi To Tho cng phi nh gi cao, ni l Tr th lm quan, quyn th phn qun, khng to khng nh, ai cng xng vi chc ca mnh (Dung trai ty bt), hn na, t y c th rt ra kt lun: To Tho thnh cng, quyt khng phi l ngu nhin hay may mn (Tho c nhng thnh cng, quyt khng phi do may mn). Th hai, l Thnh tm gi tn, dng ngi tin tng. y vn l nguyn tc dng ngi, trong lch s, nhng ngi bit dng ngi thng lm nh vy. i vi To Tho, iu ny li cng quan trng. Trc ht, To Tho sng trong thi lon. Vo thi lon, lng ngi thng dao ng, o c suy i, gia ngi v ngi khng cn thnh v s tn nhim. Ni nh To Tho ng bun v trn di nghi ng ln nhau. Thm vo , a v ca To Tho kh c bit. Ni nh Chu Du th vai tr ca To Tho danh l Hn tng, thc l Hn tc. Bt k To Tho ngh th no, nhng thi , nhiu ngi cho l vy, s tht th vic t ngi ca To Tho, e phn ln l thc hin d tm c nhn. Vai tr hai mt thc c li, To Tho c th li dng danh ngha chnh ph trung ng, v quan chc thu np nhiu nhn ti; nhng cng c ch bt li, ngay nh To Tho cng khng phn bit c r rng, nhng nhn ti cui cng l ai. Trch sao khi c iu nghi ng. Th na, trn doanh ca To Tho rng ln, phc tp. Gm nhng ngi c ca chnh ph trung ng, c ngi sau ny do To Tho tuyn chn, cn c ngi do quan vin triu nh tin c s dng, c c nhng ngi chiu hng np phn t pha ch, khng phi i ng thun nht ca ring ai. Trong s ngi , cng khng trnh khi c s nghi ng. Tm li, ch To Tho cn nhiu nghi vn. Trong tnh trng , thnh tm v tn nhim c tm quan trng c bit. L ngi lnh o, To Tho d thc bng hay gi di, nhng biu hin ra bn ngoi phi l thnh tm v tn nhim. To Tho khoan dung vi Trng T, Ngy Chng, Tt Kham - nhng

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k tng phn li mnh, coi nh tuyn b vi ngi thin h rng, To Tho ta thnh tm thnh , y lng tn nhim, d b ngi la di, nhng khng on khng th, xin cc v c yn tm vi ta! Thnh tm v tn nhim i li l s cm kch v trung thnh. Ni v Vu Cm. Theo Tam quc ch. Vu Cm truyn, ln u Trng T n hng ri lm phn, To Tho khng kp phng, b nh cho ti bi khi la, ton qun hn lon. Ch c Vu Cm cng vi hng trm qun, va nh va lui, tuy c thng vong nhng khng ri nhau v cui cng chnh n hng ng, ching trng tr v, nhn cn trng tr l qun Thanh chu lm lon. Qun Thanh chu l qun Khn Vng u hng T o Tho, qun k rt km, To Tho rt rng ri vi chng (Thi t khoan dung), cho nn, nhn lc hn lon chng mi ko i cp ph (dm nhn m cp). Vu Cm thng tay cho nh v tr ti mt s. Qun Thanh chu lin chy n t co chuyn vi To Tho. Cn Vu Cm, lc v n i bn doanh lo cho qun lp tri, cha i gp To Tho (cha n cho Thi t). Lc c ngi ni, qun Thanh chu t co ngi, cn khng nhanh i ni cho r mi chuyn! Vu Cm ni, truy binh c th n bt c lc no, nu khng chun b sm, ly g i ph vi ch? V, To cng sng sut bit chng no, chng t gic th tc dng g! Th ri c yn tm lp doanh h tri, xong xui u y, mi i gp To Tho. To Tho t ra th v ni, Vu Cm ngi, c t th mt danh tng thi c! Lin phong l ch Th nh hu. Th ba, l Lnh hnh cm ch, thng pht phn minh. y l nguyn tc c bn trong o dng ngi, nhng To Tho cn c ch c bit. Mt, t lm mu mc, hai, r rng minh bch. Chng ta u bit, To Tho tr qun rt nghim, vo thng nm, nm Kin An th VIII (nm 203), To Tho tng ban lnh: Mnh lnh tng qun xut chinh, ch thng cng m khng pht ti, khng phi l quc sch. Nay ch tng xut chinh, qun bi trn phi chu ti, qun tht li b min quan tc. Thc ra th khng ch, bi qun tht li mi b x l m vi phm qun k cng phi nghim tr, bn thn To Tho cng khng ngoi l . Tho tng c lnh, lc hnh qun khng c i trn rung la, ai phm lnh s git. Th l k binh phi xung dt nga, tay cm v kh nng nhng bng la sang bn ri mi i. Nhng nga ca To Tho nhy vo rung la, cui cng To Tho phi ly kim ct tc chu pht. T mi c chuyn ni ting Ly tc thay u. Truyn c ghi trong To Man truyn - mt cun sch khng my cm tnh vi To Tho. Xa nay, chuyn cn c dng ni r To Tho l gian tr, gi di. Thi c i, vic ct tc c coi l nhc hnh, gi l cn. Sau ny, khi trng tr Thi Dim, To Tho cng dng cn hnh, r rng y khng phi l cu chuyn vit ba, v vnh. To Tho thng pht rt nng v thng cng ra tr. To Tho lun gi mt nguyn tc, khng phi nht thi do hng ch m ban thng ba bi. Mun thng mt ngi no th trc phi c cng ln; v phn thng cng rt xng ng. Ni nh Quch Gia gia thm n, qu vi k vng ca mi ngi' suy ngh thu o, n ni

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n chn. Theo Tam quc ch. T Hong truyn, mt ln giao chin vi Lu B, T Hong xng thng vo k th, nh bi Quan V, gi c Tng Phn, To Tho ra khi doanh tri hng by dm, by tic ln mng cng, t rt ru u lo ba qun. To Tho ni, ta hn ba mi nm cm qun, tng c nhiu sch c, nhng cha h thy ai c nh T tng qun, dm xng ti ph vng vy ca ch, e nh vy Tn V cng phi bi phc. Lc cc tng t tp, To Tho i th st, tng s cc qun u ra vy ly xem. Ch c qun lnh ca T Hong qun doanh t chnh, tng s u yn y. To Tho xc ng ni, T tng qun c phong thi nh Chu Phu! T Hong vn l ngi ca Dng Phng, sau khi quy thun To Tho lun ht mc trung thnh. T Hong vo sinh ra t lp cng dng nghip, trc lc ra trn, thng n cng vi trc m t t r quyt tm sng cht. Lng trung thnh ca T Hong cng ging lng trung thnh ca bao ngi khc v To Tho rt tn nhim, thng pht r rng. To Tho l thng soi, cha bao gi tranh ginh cao thp vi b h, mi khi lp cng u quy cho b h. iu quan trng hn, mi khi lun cng u ht sc sng sut, bit r cng trng ca tng ngi; phn thng ca To Tho cng rt ng mc, ng thng bao nhiu th thng by nhiu; To Tho khng bnh qun, bo m cho tng ngi c thng ng vi cng sc ca mnh. Ni nh Tun c, To Tho Ly nhn i ngi, chn thnh khng gi di, bn thn cn kim, khng tic ngi c cng. Chng trch ngi Chu Trch Hng ni, v mt ny, To Tho ng l nh ngh thut. V theo ti, To Tho ban thng l no ch l ngh thut m cn l khoa hc. Th t, Khim tn ht lng, trng dng ngi hin. i vi ngi ti, khch l c nhin l quan trng, nhng quan trng hn l c trng dng, c thng soi thc bng nghe theo lm theo. Qua s sch, chng ta lun thy thi ca To Tho i vi kin ca b h: nghe v lm theo. ng nhin cng c lc khng nghe, khng theo. Nhng nu sau vic , To Tho thy mnh sai lm th nht nh s kim im, s xin li, s cm t b h c kin, nhc nh. Lc kim im, khng nht thit phi khc, phi xu mt li, m To Tho thng ci ni. Theo Tam quc ch. Tng T truyn, lc nh Tn Quyn, To Tho chun b lm theo cc bc nh trn chin Quan , trc ht di di dn chng Hoi Nam. Tng T khng tn thnh ni, tnh hnh lc ny khc vi thi trn chin Quan , khng cn phi lm vy. Hn na, dn chng khng mun di di khi qu hng u. Bt dn di di dn s khng yn tm. To Tho khng theo, kt qu trm h Hoi Nam u chy n ch Tn Quyn. V sau Tng T i gp To Tho, To Tho bc ra nghnh n ri ci m ln ni, tc h thy vic ta lm! Nhng tng h i trnh gic, no ng h li chy ht sang bn . Tip n, mi Tng T lm Thi th an Dng. R rng To Tho bit dng ngi. Chng ta c th khi qut thut dng ngi ca To Tho bng tm cu: 1- Thc tm thnh , i x tnh cm; 2- Thc lng vi

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ngi, i x chn thnh; 3- Thng thn v t, ly l phc ngi; 4 - Ngn hnh nht tr, ly tn ginh ngi; 5- Cm ch tri lnh, ly php tr ngi; 6 - Bn thn cn kim, khoan dung vi ngi; 7- Khen ngi trch mnh, cng lao v ngi; 8- Lun cng ban thng, khch l mi ngi. Nhng nu ch khi qut bng my cu Xui xui nh vy th cha . V iu quan trng khng phi l thut, m l o; khng phi l lm g, m l lm nh th no, v v sao phi lm nh vy. o l g? o l nhn tnh, l nhn tm. To Tho hiu rt r, v sao tng s phi cng mnh vo sinh ra t, nn mi Khen ngi trch mnh, cng lao v ngi, Lun cng ban thng, khch l mi ngi. To Tho bit, ngi th ai cng c khuyt v nhc im, u mun c iu li trnh iu hi, To Tho mi Cm ch tri lnh, ly php tr ngi, Bn thn cn kim khoan dung vi ngi. To Tho hiu r ngi l ng vt c l tnh, rt nhiu ngi trong nhiu trng hp bit thu tnh t l, nn mi Thng thn v t, ly l phc ngi, ngn hnh nht tr, ly tn ginh ngi. To Tho lun c tnh cm, c lc tnh cm cn ng tin hn c li ch, nn mi Thnh tm thnh , i x tnh cm. Thc lng vi mi ngi, i x chn thnh. To Tho thnh cng l dng ngi thnh cng; v To Tho thnh cng trong cch lm ngi, l thnh cng hiu bit v ngi khc. C mt s kin ni r c vn ny. S kin c ghi trong Tam quc ch - V k v coi l thc. Sau khi To Tho nh bi Vin Thiu Quan , phn ln qun trang qun dng, chu bu, sch v ca Vin Thiu u ri vo tay To Tho, trong c mt s th tn ca mt s ngi bn mnh ngm ngm gi cho Vin Thiu, To Tho khng ni thm mt cu no ngoi lnh cho t tt c. S ngi ngm ngm cu kt vi Vin Thiu ang lo lng n on tim sp bt ra ngoi, th by gi li yn tm nh trc, v cng khm phc cm kch i vi To Tho. Li ch dn Ngy th Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi cho hay, To Tho gii thch nh th ny: Lc Vin Thiu cn mnh th ngay n thn ta cng chng gi ni, ni chi ti ngi khc! Li ni y s thng cm vi mi ngi. Cha ni ti nhng ngi hay nghi k, lng d qu quyt, ch ni ti nhng ngi khng c cht quan h dy m r m g cng u phi cm ng trc s khoan hng i lng v thit tha chn tht ca To Tho. To Tho ni rt hay, tnh ton rt gii. To Tho hiu rt r, nu ng n vic ny, ngi ng x l khng ch c mt hoc hai. Trong tnh trng ch mnh ta yu, thng bi th no cha r, ai chng mun gi cho mnh mt con ng lui? Lc ny ngi ng ni ny trng ni n khng t. ng nhin khng phi ai cng l gin ip hai mang, m phn ln trong s h mun ph din vi c hai bn. Nhng ph din v thng vi gic khng phi l hai khi nim r rng, hn na, theo lun l thng thng th bt trung tc l phn nghch. Ch cn c th t qua li vi Vin Thiu l b tinh nghi thng ch, c nhy xung Hong H cng chng ra ht ti. Nu c nht nht truy cu th e n hn na s ngi khng bit gii thch ra sao. khng truy cu ni, chi bng gi ly tnh ngi, khng truy cu l tt nht. V lm th phi lm cho trit ,

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phi t sch mi chng c ai ny c yn tm. Nh vy, nhng k trong lng c ma c qu lun phi i n i c; nhng ngi lng ngay d thng cng c quyt tm hn; hn l li mt lot ngi ra trng tr, t lm suy yu lc lng ca mnh ch hay ho g! y, To Tho biu hin r mnh l nh chnh tr thin ti. To Tho hiu rt r, u tranh chnh tr cng lun l u tranh qun s, bng chng quan trng nht l chnh ngha, ngun vn quan trng nht l nhn ti. Mun li ko c nhn ti, cn phi c y kh v lng khoan dung. Nhiu ngi th nhiu mu nhiu v. Trn th gii lm g c i ng mt mu? Cao qu th d gy, trng qu th d bn; nc trong qu lm g c c, ngi st sao qu lm g c bn. Nhiu lc phi v l k h . H mi khoan dung ngi khc, khoan dung nhn ti mi c nhn tm. C nhn tm mi c thin h. To Tho hiu c o l , v vy To Tho tr thnh nh doanh nghip. Nm vng nhn tnh, thu hiu nhn tm, khng phi chuyn d; hiu mnh hiu ngi, lun lo liu cho ngi khc, cng kh thy. Nhng iu ng qu hn na, khi lm nhng vic , nh t ht th tn, b qua chuyn c, lc kim im bn thn, lun cng cho ngi khc, trng thng tng s, lm cho ai ny ht sc sung sng, phng thch t binh, khin chng cm kch n ri l, To Tho lun chn thnh, thc t, rng lng, t nhin. Ngi ngi lun ca ngi ht li. Thc tnh th tnh kh To Tho l xo tr. Cn nh t nhy bn, kho ng bin, ch l cch ni xu xoa, khch so ca cc s gia, ni thng ra th l xo tr. Hung h To Tho li l ngi cm qun nh trn, vic qun c di tr. Trn chin trng dng qu k, chn quan trng dng quyn mu, trong u tranh chnh tr, u tranh qun s, ngi ta dng nh cm ba, chng phi him, chng h mt mt, ngi ngi u dng, c iu, bn ch gi l gio hot gian tr, bn ta gi l tc tr a mu, xut k ch thng. To Tho thng minh ch, bit lc no nn ni di lc no phi ni tht. Tn th thin t, ng h Hn tht, chng qua ch l mua c phiu chnh tr, chi con bi chnh thng, phi lm ra v, cn phi ph din. Lc tr chuyn vi tr s mu thn, v hai bn u l ngi thng minh, nu li chi tr khn vt, n hu vt vnh, th d dng b i phng nhn thu v mt tn nhim, ng l Thng minh li b thng minh phn, chi bng c c sao ni vy. To Tho bit r chng mc, bit phi lm th no. Chnh v vy, To Tho mi cng cc mu s ng tm hip lc, mi c c sc ngng t. To Tho c sc ngng t ln cn bi bit ho hp v c sc ht; tt c u do tnh cch to nn. To Tho tnh tnh ci m, lun rt vui v. To Tho thch a vui, ni vui ngay c trong cng vic. Tnh cch h tr nhiu cho s nghip ca To Tho. Ngi lm chnh tr m nghim khc l khng hay, d lm cho ngi khc c cm gic mnh qu thn trng, khng ng tin; c cm gic mnh khng thu tnh t l, ngoi ra phi thoi mi chan ho; vn nguyn tc phi m bo, nhng chuyn vn vt nn

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cho qua. nh th mi m bo c uy th, uy nghim ca lnh t, li va c tnh va t nh. Ngi nh vy mi c nhiu ngi ng h, nhiu ngi qu mn v trung thnh. To Tho ng l ngi nh vy. C iu, To Tho thu ht c nhn ti cn bi To Tho thc s qu mn ti nng v y cng l iu ch yu nht. To Tho lun mong mun trong i mnh, trong s nghip ca mnh c nhiu bn b, c nhiu cng s. Trong bi th on ca hnh To Tho ni: c o nng xanh xanh, tri tim ta su mun (xanh xanh c o, su mun tim ta). Ch v duyn c ca nng, khin ta tng nh ti nay (v c ca em, trm ngm ti nay). Hu nai va tm c l ngi hao ln ting gi n (ao ao ting hu, gi by n n l). Nu ta c khch qu, nht nh s n so trng snh (ta c khch qu, n so trng snh). Ngc sng lung linh trn tri cao, bit bao gi mi ngng ngh (lng linh nh trng, bao gi mi ngng), tn y lng ta bao lo lng, c th mi mi s khng dng (T m bun, khng th on tuyt)! Hy n i bn i! Vt qua ng quanh ng tt, li nh chng cht, mong bn oi ti chng ta c gp li sau bao nm thng (vt qua ng quanh ng tt, li nh chng cht). Nng chn trc gi, tay trong tay n tnh, n li tnh bn thu no (by tic vui v, nh li chuyn c). y chng phi l iu xc ng lng ngi? ng ch nht l my cu m u ca bi th Trc ru nn ca, i ngi c my? Nh ht sng mai, ngy thng kh by. Trong bi Quy tuy th, To Tho li vit: Thn quy tuy th, cn c lc ht. Rn bay ln my, cng thnh ct bi. y l cch suy ngh trit hc v v tr nhn sinh. ng nhin, To Tho suy ngh trn lp trng mt chnh tr gia. V th, To Tho mi c kt lun: Nga k gc u, ch ngoi ngn dm. Lit s cui i, hng tm cha ht; ni khng ngi cao, nc khng ngi su, Chu cng th l, thin h quay u. Cng tc l ni, phi chp ly thi c t i , lp nn s nghip to ln, thc hin m c chnh tr trong cuc i ngn ngi ny. V cng v c t duy trit hc v v tr nhn sinh lm bi cnh, c suy ngh sinh mng hu hn bin thnh vnh hng nn mi c m c chnh tr , ging nh li Trn Thng Vng hu khanh tng u mun c ci hay nh li Lu Bang i trng phu phi nh vy, cng c khc bit v phm v th cng c i kh, hon na ngoi i kh ra cn phi c s su sc. To Tho vn rt su sc, Quch Gia ni l ngoi th gin d, trong th sng sut. S su sc cn biu hin ch hiu ngi rt chun, v dng tm su xa, To Tho rt c tm k. B ngoi c th tay bt mt mng, ci ci ni ni, nhng To Tho ang quan st bn rt k. Vin Thut lun nng ny hng hch, Vin Thiu lun coi mnh l nht, To Tho khng thm nhn ti, nhng i vi mt ngi trc l bn giy, nay th n u nh nh Lu B, To Tho li nhn bng con mt khc, cho d lc cn l th h ca To Tho, Lu B c giu mnh, gi cm gi ic nhng To Tho vn nhn ra. To Tho ni Anh hng trong thin h, ch c s qun v Tho ny!. Lu B s qu lm ri c a.

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y li l mt chuyn l. L ch no? L ch, nu Lu B ng l anh hng, To Tho khng nn ni thng ra nh vy. Nu Lu B khng phi l anh hng, th ni ra lm g? L hn na, To Tho nhn ra ngi tranh ginh thin h vi mnh s l Lu B, vy c chi li Lu B ra i? S thc Lu B i l sai lm ln nht trong i To Tho. V vy chng ta mun bit, cui cng Lu B c phi l anh hng khng? To Tho c ni nh vy khng?

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PHN HAI: TN LU LIN MINH Tp th mi ba: M XANH UNG RU Trong s nhn vt anh hng thi Tam Quc, Lu B lun l mt cu . Cu ging nh t (tn cng cm) ca Lu B, huyn b li cng huyn b. Lu B xut hin vi hai bn tay trng, v danh tiu tt, n u nh, lun phi bn ba khp ni. Nhng u u cng tn trng khon i Lu B, thm ch To Tho cn cho rng ch c mnh v Lu B l anh hng thc s. Vy, ng l To Tho ni cu ny? V sao To Tho li ni vy? Lu B l anh hng thc chng? V sao Lu B li l anh hng? tp trc chng ta ni, Lu B ra i l sai lm ln nht trong i To Tho, v To Tho thy r Lu B l anh hng thc s. Thm ch To Tho cn ni: Nay anh hng trong thin h ch c s qun v Tho ny!. Cu ni trn c ghi trong s sch. Tam quc ch, Tin ch truyn ni, Lc Tin ch cha ra, Hin cu (nhc ph) Xa K tng qun ng Tha nhn mt chiu trong ai o ca , hng git To cng. Lc Tin ch cha pht, l lc To cng ung dung ni vi Tin ch: Nay anh hng trong thin h ch c s qun v Tho ny! L Bn S khng ng ni. Tin ch va n ri tha. Toi cng Tha v Trng Thu hiu u Chng Tp, tng qun Ng T Lan, Vng T Phc ng mu cha c vic i nh Vin Thut. S vic bi l, bn Tha u b git. l nguyn vn. Sau Tin ch va n ri tha, trong li ch dn Hoa Dng quc ch, Bi Tng Chi b sung: ng lc c ting sm, nhn y B ni vi Tho, thnh nhn ni: sm rn gi git tt c bin, u l nh th. Ting sm to nn mi xy ra nh vy! Cu chuyn m xanh ung ru, bn v anh hng c ghi trong Tam quc din ngha, l cn c theo m ci bin. Bnh tm m xt, cu chuyn ghi trong Tam quc din ngha v gc vn hc rt tinh t, v gc lch s cng coi l chn thc, v tnh tit, nhn vt trong chuyn u c xut x v lai lch. Nh chuyn chiu trong ai o c ghi trong Tam quc ch trong Hu Hn th; vic Lu B trng rau c ni r rng trong li ch dn Ng lch H Xung ca Bi Tng Chi, cn ni r c loi rau trng (rau ci trng); cu chuyn nhn m ht kht thy trong Th thuyt tn ng. Gi quyt cu thnh ng cng ly trong . Cn v li bnh cc nhn vt thi ca To Tho cng c th ni l chn thc. Ch c mt ch l khng ng tin v mt im l sai lm. Trn Nh ng pht hin ra im sai lm ny. Tam quc din ngha ni, To Tho hi hin nay ai l anh hng, ngi u tin Lu B ni n l Vin Thut. To Tho ci ni: M xng kh di m, sm mun g ta cng bt c. K thc m xng kh di m khng phi li ca To Tho, l li ca Khng Dung. Khng Dung khng ni Vin Thut, m ni v i trc ca Vin Thut. Theo Tam quc ch, Tin ch truyn, vo nin hiu Hng Bnh nm u (nm 194) thi Hn Hin . T chu mc o Khim lm bnh qua i, Trn ng v nhiu ngi khc mun Lu B ln

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thay. Lu B khng dm mo mui lm chuyn ni, Vin Thut gn ngay y; l T th ng cng, c ngi trong nc hm m, sao cc v khng trao T chu cho Vin Thut? By gi thy Bc Hi tng Khng Dung ln ting. Khng Dung ni, Vin Cng L u phi l ngi thng nc qun nh? Nm xng kh di m, khng cn phi ! mun ni, khng phi lo, Vin th T th ng cng sm xung m ri, s g na! Lc ny Lu B mi chu thay lm T chu mc. Tam quc din ngha ghp cu chit cnh ni Vin Thut l nm xng kh di m l khng chnh xc. Nu Vin Thut l nm xng kh di m th cn g phi ni sm mun g ta cng bt c. im sai lm na l Lu B v ng Tha lp mt danh sch. Theo Tam quc din ngha, ng Tha nhn mt chiu ca Hin , lin hp vi Lu B v my ngi khc phn To, lin minh, th tht k tn. Cui cng To Tho tm ra chiu trong ai o v bn danh sch k tn, gi l t ngha trng u l chng c nh sn. V vy cha con Mao Tn Cng cho rng, ng Tha tht bi v l iu c mt. Mao ph ni: vua khng kn th mt thn, thn khng kn th mt thn, vic mun kn th v sao phi ung mu n th? Mun khng l th v sao phi lp danh sch? ng! V sao phi lm nh vy? Theo ti, ngi thiu suy ngh e khng phi l ng Tha m l La Qun Trung. V chc g La Qun Trung thiu suy ngh, nhng vit tiu thuyt l phi th. Cng chnh Trn Nh ng ch ra iu ny. Nhn thoi tam phn ca ngi Trn ni, nu vic Lu B, ng Tha lp danh sch v v chiu trong ai o l c To Tho nh Lu B th sau khi bt c v con Lu B v Quan V, l do g khin To Tho phi khch kh Quan V a chu v ch du ra i? V vy Trn thy rt kh ni, liu c phi ng Tha v con gi nguy to chiu trong ai o khng? Tam quc s thoi ca L T Min li ni, ng Tha vn l tn d ca Ngu Ph, u phi l ngi trung trinh v t nc? Sao li ph thc vic loi tr To Tho cho ng Tha? E ni vy l sai lm chng? iu th hai khng ng tin cng rt kh ni, bi v tnh chn thc ca s vic tht ng ng. Theo cch ni ca Tam quc ch, lc ng Tha nhn mt chiu ca Hin nhm mu st To Tho, Lu B khng h tham gia (Tin ch cha pht). Va kho, lc ny To Tho li ni Nay anh hng trong thin h ch c s qun v Tho ny. Sau ny Lu B tham gia (cng Tha v Trng Thu hiu u Chng Tp, tng qun Ng T Lan, Vng T Phc ng mu). Li va kho. Lu B c To Tho phi ng chinh Vin Thut (hi kin s), nh vy l khng b cun vo v ny (cha pht). Bao nhiu s va kho nh vy chng ng nghi sao? C th ngay c La Qun Trung cng cm thy kh gii thch nn mi c chuyn iu chnh quan h nhn qu ca s vic. Theo cch ni ca Tam quc din ngha, Lu B tham d k ca ng Tha, k tn cam kt, nhng Lu B cho rng vic phi bo

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mt nghim ngt v khng th hon thnh nhanh chng (lm t t v khng th tit l). Bn thn Lu B lo trng rau hu vin, t mnh ti bn, y l k giu mnh, Khng ng To Tho li mi Lu B ung ru lun anh hng, ri bng dng tht ra mt cu lm Lu B s n ri c a. ng lc ang cn c ngi em qun i ngn Vin Thut, Lu B ngh: Khng nhn lc ny tm c thot thn cn ch n bao gi?, lin ch ng xin i bt Thut, tm c i lun. Lu B gii thch vi Quan V v Trng Phi: Ta nh chim trong lng, c mc li, ln ny th nh c ra bin, chim ln tri xanh, ht b rng buc bi lng v li. Nh vy l c v hp, nhng nhn phm ca Lu B li thay i tht ng ng. Chng phi ngi cng ng Tha chch mu lp hi, cng nhau k tn, cng nhau th bi, s tiu dit gic To bo v hong thng sao? C chi va nhn thy dy tng l rn, lo chun cho yn thn? Cui cng v s an nguy ca hong l quan trng hay tnh mng ca ngi quan trng? Chng phi ngi l i anh hng cu vn thin h sao? Ngi phi ra sc liu thn xng ln pha trc mi phi! t ra cng nn c mt ti kinh thnh, xem xem c cn c hi na khng, c chi ch ngh n mnh trn chy, khng h bit hong , bn ng Tha ang trong t cht? C th Trn Th - ngi ngm ngm ng h Lu B, ngh ti vn ny, v vy c my ch: Hi kin s. Hi tc l va may. Va may, To Tho c Lu B ng chinh Vin Thut, Lu B nh phi ri khi kinh thnh. Ngha l, Lu B ra i khng phi v tham sng s cht, cng khng phi bi tn b ngha, m u c lm ch c mnh. Vn mu cht y, vic ng chinh Vin Thut l do To Tho phi c, hay Lu B ch ng xin i? E l Lu B ch ng xin i bt gic, v To Tho ph chun, chng c c trong Tam quc ch. ng Chiu truyn v Tam quc ch. Trnh Dc truyn. Theo hai truyn , sau khi To Tho phi c Lu B i T chu nh Vin Thut, ng Chiu can ni, B dng, ch ln, Quan V, Trng Phi l vy cnh, lng B th no thc cha r. To Tho tr li Ta bng lng ri. Trnh Dc li cng Quch Gia i tm To Tho, hai ngi ni Trc y cha cng khng git, Dc cha bit tnh th no. Nay li mn qun, e c khc. To Tho ni Mun ri, gi c ui cng khng kp. R rng l Lu B ch ng yu cu c n T chu nh Vin Thut cn mn qun ca To Tho. Lc u To Tho khng my n chuyn . Nghe kin ca ng Chiu, To Tho cn ni Ta bng lng, khng tin thay i (Hai ting bng lng chng minh Lu B ch ng xin i bt gic). Cho ti khi c Trnh Dc v Quch Gia u ni, mn binh l c khc, To Tho lc ny mi tnh ng, nhng c truy ui cng chng kp. Qu nhin sau khi n T chu, Lu B git Xa Tr ngi trn gi T chu v cng khai phn li To Tho. Trong cuc mua bn ny To Tho l vn to.

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T y c th rt ra kt lun: Lu B ch ng ra i, nguyn nhn c bn ca vic ny v Lu B l anh hng. L anh hng th nht nh khng cam chu cnh n u nh, sm mun g cng phi c cn c ring. Nhng cu ni ca To Tho mi l nguyn nhn trc tip. To Tho ph v thin c, bc trn tm t ca Lu B. V vy khng i khng c, mt i khng tr li. Nhng c mt vn ny sinh ra y, v sao To Tho li phm phi sai lm? Chng phi To Tho thy r anh hng trong thin h ch c hai ngi l Tho v Lu B hoc t ra cng phi Lu B bn mnh, sao li c th th h v rng, cn cho mn qun, nh h thm vut? Vi s thng minh ca mnh hoc ni l gian tr, sao To Tho li c th lm nhng vic h nh vy? Thy r tnh chn thc ca s vic tht ng ng. ng ng ch, nu nh To Tho khng ni cu , nu nh Lu B khng phi l anh hng. Vy, chn tng s vic l g? Theo ti, th nht, Lu B l anh hng. Th hai, To Tho ni cu . Xin ni im th nht trc: Lu B l anh hng. Ni Lu B l anh hng, s c nhiu ngi khng hiu. Di con mt nhiu ngi, Lu B c phn chm chp v nng. Bn lnh ca Lu B, mt l thch chy, hai l hay khc. Tam quc din ngha cho chng ta n tng nh vy. chng qua l s hiu nhm. Trc ht, Lu B khng ch bit chy, bit khc m cn bit nhiu ci khc. Th na, vo thi , bit chy bit khc cng chng l g, cng khng th chng minh ngi l v nng, khng phi l anh hng. Lu B bit chy, To Tho khng bit chy? K lc chy ca To Tho cng khng ti. Lu B bit khc To Tho khng bit khc? Cu chuyn To Tho khc m ln s sch c chp li cng khng ht. V sao khng c ai ni To Tho l v nng? R rng khng th nhn vn mt cch n gin nh vy. Chy, phi xem xem v sao m chy. nh thng th nh, nh khng thng th chy, chy nh vy l ng. Khc, cng phi xem xem v sao m khc. V tnh bn m khc, khc nh vy c g sai. Lu B chy v khc phn ln l trong tnh trng . ng nhin, so vi To Tho, Lu B chy nhiu hn mt cht, khc cng nhiu hn mt cht v Lu B nh v yu hn. Lc Lu B xut hin, ngoi Quan V v Trng Phi - hai anh em trung thnh ht mc chng c mt th g, mt cht ting tm cng chng c. Lu B khng c qun i ring, nu c cng chng ng l bao. Bui u Lu B ra qun phi nh vo s ti tr ca thng nhn. C hai nh bun ln ca Trung Sn Trung Quc (nay l huyn nh, H Bc) l Trng Th Bnh v T Song ti tr tin vng gip Lu B chiu binh mi m. Nhng Lu B tham gia chin tranh vi l Khn Vng, cui cng cng ch c chc quan An H u. An H u l huyn u huyn An H (nay l th trn nh Chu, H Bc) l cc trng cc cng an cp ph huyn, ngi nga chng c bao nhiu. V vy, Lu B thng xuyn phi mn qun

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ca ngi khc. Hai vin i tng Quan V v Trng Phi ca Lu B coi nh t lnh khng c qun, ch c th th hin ci mnh ca k tht phu. Lu B cng khng c a bn, kh khn lm mi c c vi ni, nhng chng bao lu li b mt, cui cng nh phi chy ng chy ty n u nh, nh v ht ngi ny n ngi khc, nm ln i ch, bn ln tht lc v, con. K t u n trn chin Xch Bch, Lu B c na i ngi lu lc khp ni. Tam quc din ngha k rng, mt ln sau lc ung ru, Lu B xt xa bun b ni: Nu B c cn c, th cn lo g v my k khc. Li ni tuy l din ngha, nhng cng c l, c th coi l li ni t y lng ca Lu B. Lu B cha c nhng chin cng to ln. Nhng trn nh: Chn ru nng chm Hoa Hng, Ba ngi nh L B, u c La Qun Trung nh gip. Thc t, th trc trn chin Xch Bch, Lu B lun lun thua trn phi tho chy, k l c Tin ch bi trn k ra v s. Li ch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch, Tin ch truyn ni, lc To Tho n nh Lu B, Lu B bt ng v tng To Tho ang nh nhau vi Vin Thiu, l vo nm Kin An th V (nm 200). Ch khi tn mt thy c ca To Tho, Lu B s qu cm c chy, mc cho b h pha sau sng cht ra sao khng r (nhn thy c chy lun, b li tt c), nh vy u phi l anh hng? ng nhin, cng c my ln Lu B thng trn, s sch c ghi Lp cng my ln, nhng l my trn nh nh. S thc, trong lc ch hu hn chin, Lu B cha tiu dit c mt qun phit no, chin cng ca Lu B chng ng g. Ngi nh vy, ng nhin ting tm khng nhiu. Vin Thut tng xem thng ni: Xa nay cha tng nghe thin h c ngi l Lu B. l li Vin Thut ni vi L B, theo li ch dn Anh hng k v Hu Hn th. L B truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. L B truyn, vn cn mt s kin na c th ni r vn . Theo Hu Hn th. Khng Dung truyn, lc Khng Dung gi chc Bc Hi tng, b gic Khn Vng n vy, cc chng phi phi Thi S T n cu cu Lu B lc l Bnh Nguyn tng. Lu B kinh ngc ni: Khng Bc Hi cn bit thin h c Lu B sao? ri lp tc phi ba ngn vin binh. Trong Tam quc ch. Thi S T truyn c ghi, B nghim mt p: Khng Bc Hi cn bit th gian ny c Lu B? Tam quc din ngha cng ni vy. Nhng theo ti, my ch kinh ngc ni trong Hu Hn th chnh xc hn my ch nghim mt p trong Tam quc ch, v ng sau ch kinh ngc l vui mng, tc l ngc nhin vui mng. iu ni ln ci g? R rng lc Lu B cha c ting v ang mong c ting. Mt ngi trng tay lun phi cu cnh ngi khc nh h Lu, nhng n u cng c hoan nghnh v khon i. B L B nh bi, h Lu chy n vi To Tho c Tho cho lm D chu mc, l T tng qun i cng xe, ngi cng ging. Lc b To Tho nh bi, h Lu chy sang vi Vin Thiu, Vin Thiu ra khi thnh vi trm dm nghnh n, hai cha con ht mc tn knh. Vin Thiu v

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To Tho l nhng ngi gh gm nht thi m cn vy, hung chi nhng ngi khc! Ch mt mnh Vin Thut chng coi Lu B ra g. V sao Lu B li c i ng nh vy? Li gii thch ch c mt, tc l Vin Thiu, To Tho v my ngi nh o Khim u coi Lu B l anh hng. Vy, ng Lu B l anh hng? ng. Trc ht, Lu B c ch ca ngi anh hng. Tam quc ch. Trn ng truyn ni, lc Lu B cn Kinh chu c bui bn v anh hng trong thin h v c nhc ti Trn ng. Mt ngi l Ha D ni, Trn Nguyn Long (T ca Trn ng l Trn Nguyn Long) v oai phong nhng li bt chp l ngha. B nhn n H Ph gp Nguyn Long, c bui Nguyn Long chng ni cu no vi b nhn, sau ln ng ging to b nhn ng ging nh. Lu B ni, tc h c ting l quc s, nhng tic l cha c thc. Trong lc thin h i lon, vng phiu bt, mi ngi u mong tc h Thng nc qun nh, tm mu cu th. Cn tc h th sao? mua nh tu rung, li khng th nhn, chnh l iu Nguyn Long thy khinh b, v sao Nguyn Long li phi ni chuyn vi tc h? Gp c Nguyn Long cn l may. Nu gp phi k tiu nhn nh ti, ti s ln ng lu cao hng trm thc v tc h phi nm t, ni chi ti ging to, ging nh. Cu ni c xut x bi t ca Tn Kh Tt ch bit mua nh tu rung, e phi xu h khi i din vi chng Lu ti ba. T v d trn, chng ta c th thy, Lu B khng ch c ch anh hng m cn c kh anh hng. c Tam quc ch nhiu ln, ta nhn thy Lu B l v nng, bit nhn nhn, nhng thc ra khng phi th. K thc, Lu B l ngi sng rt tnh cm, cng c lc ni gin p bn p gh. Nh chuyn c Bu, Lu B nh c Bu, khng phi Trng Phi. C iu, v th lc nh, hon cnh km, thng phi nh v ngi khc. Nn Lu B khng c nh To Tho Ci ct giang h. Cn c th v tnh cch, v nhu cu ca u tranh, Lu B trm mc t ni (t li ni), khng l tnh cm (vui bun khng l ra), khng l bn sc anh hng nh ni nng hng hn, mt my ti vui, khng c thoi mi nh To Tho. Nhng nh vy khng c ngha l Lu Bi khng phi l anh hng. ng sau s nhn nhc chu ng, trm mc t ni, Lu B lun c kh ca ngi anh hng, kh vn khng l ra ngoi mt m n vo trong xng ct. Lu B c kh ca anh hng, v Lu B c hn ca anh hng. Ci hn biu hin ch Lu B bit kin nhn chu ng. Phn trc ni, Lu B ra qun khng thun li, c th ni nu ngi khng v nng th vic v nng, gn nh khng ngy no c thoi mi. Nhng chng ta cha h thy Lu B t v chn nn thi chi. Ch thy Lu B my ln nh my ln thua. Trc ht Lu B tham gia trn nh vi qun Khn Vng, khi l An H u cc trng cng an cp huyn ph, kt qu l thua mt trn ti bi t mnh nh mnh. Sau ny trong trn nh vi qun Khn Vng v Lp

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cng v kh khn lm mi c chc Cao ng lnh cp huyn trng (Trong thi gian ny, mt ln mt chc), ri li b qun Khn Vng nh bi, nh phi chy sang vi Cng Tn Ton. Va kho o Khim lm bnh v qua i. Lu B c nh trng coi T chu, nhung ri li b L B nh ui, Lu B nh chy n ch To Tho. Sau cn phi nh v Vin Thiu v Lu Biu, c th ni trc trn Xch Bch, Lu B lun phi n u nh, ht ngi ny n ngi khc, ch ta bn th ln ln. Nu l ngi khc nht l ngi t nhn mnh l anh hng, e ht ng chu ng, thm ch c lc cn phi da vo L B. Li ch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tung Chi trong Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn ni, by gi b h ca L B nhn ra Lu B khng phi l n cn du nn ni vi L B, Lu B Phn phc kh dung, nn lo sm i. Nhng tic thay L B khng nghe, kt qu v sau cht trong tay Lu B. Nhng vi lp trng khc, my ch Phn phc kh dung ni r Lu B c ch ca ngi anh hng v ci hn ca ngi anh hng, nn mi khng cam chu di ngi khc trong mt thi gian di. Lu B c ch ca anh hng, kh ca anh hng, hn ca anh hng v cng c ngha ca ngi anh hng. Theo li ch dn Hin Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Tin ch truyn, Vin Thiu tng nh gi Lu Huyn c rng lng, c tn ngha. Ni vy l chnh xc. Vin Thiu vn l Vin Thiu, khng phi lc no cng khng nhn ra vn . Nhng li nh gi c mu thun vi cch ni trc, mt ngi Phn phc kh dung chng l li c th l Rng lng c tn ngha? K thc phi xem l i vi ai. Vi i tng buc phi theo, ng l Lu B Phn phc kh dung, vi i tng n nh v, Lu B li Rng lng c tn ngha. V sao vy? V Lu B l ngi c ch anh hng. Ngi c ch anh hng s khng cam chu di ngi khc, lun phi iu chnh sch lc, lun tm c hi, v vy mi Phn phc kh lng. Cng vy, ngi c ch anh hng, cn phi on kt vi ng ch, ngng t lc lng, v vy mi Rng lng v c tn ngha. Chng ta chi cn a ra mt v d l r rng ngay. Quan V v Trng Phi thi u l nhn ti hng u. Cn Lu B th sao? Tay trng, trng tay, chng c mt th g, khng c mt tia hy vng no trong c mt thi gian di. Nhng hai ngi d c cht cng vn theo chn, trung trinh ht mc, thm ch Quan V cn mt mnh mt nga t ngn dm tm n. V sao vy? V Lu B Rng lng, c tn ngha. Tam quc ch ni, Lu B v Quan V, Trng Phi n ng cng ging, n nh anh em. Quan V v Trng Phi coi Lu B l anh, nhung thc t l vua. C th thy tnh hu ngh ca ba ngi c coi l ci ngha ca ngi anh hng. Ch c iu chng ta khng hiu khi ba ngi n ng cng ging th v ca h u? Lu B l anh hng, Quan V v Trng Phi nhn ra, v sau Gia Ct Lng cng nhn ra, To Tho khng th khng nhn ra. V vy c th tin rng To Tho ni: Nay anh hng thin h ch c s qun v Tho ny. C l To Tho khng nn ni thng nh vy trc mt Lu B, v ging nh ni Tranh ginh thin h vi ta chnh l ngi. Nhng c th ct ngha l thiu thn trng, l trinh st bng ha lc hoc g ni

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trn h. mun ni, trong chng ta ng ai v l Tn T. ng ngh rng ai ngc hn ai. Qu nhin, Lu B khng v c na, tm c hi bin. Lu Bi chy, thc d hiu, To Tho th, l vic khc thng. Tam quc din ngha ni, kho mn ting sm che giu, To Tho ht nghi ng, ni nh vy l cha ng. To Tho khng d b la nh vy, c th lc by gi To Tho cha gian hng. Nhng nm cui i, Tho c th chm git hng lot trong c c nhng ngi khng ng git, Tun c mt ngi tr tu, Thi Dim ngi c nhn phm. C th lc To Tho mun l ngi bit dng ngi, khng git ngi nu cha c l do chnh dng. Theo Tam quc ch, V k, lc Lu B n nh cy To Tho, mu s ca To Tho l Trnh Dc khuyn To Tho nn x l gn Lu B, Trnh Dc ni: Lu B hng ti li c lng dn, s khng chu di ngi khc, chi bng git sm i. (Qua li Trnh Dc thy r Lu B ng l anh hng). To Tho p, Lc ny ang mun thu ht anh hng, git mt ngi s mt lng thin h, khng nn. Cn mt kh nng khc, To Tho tuy nhn thy ch anh hng, kh anh hng, hn anh hng, ngha anh hng trong con ngi Lu B v cng thy r Lu B khng c t dng v, anh hng khng c t dng v th cng khng th coi l anh hng thc s, chng cn phi phng. Bi v nhng ngi nh vy thng chng lm nn tr trng g, ch khi ra qun c danh ngha hng gii quyt. C hai kh nng trn, u c th gii thch v sao To Tho khng git Lu B, kh nng sau c th gii thch v sao To Tho th Lu B. Th l, t mt ngha s lc, To Tho phm sai lm ln. Cng c ngha l ngi tnh khng bng tri tnh. V khng ch c To Tho m ngay c Lu B cng khng ng, tm nm sau khi ung ru lun anh hng, c mt nh chnh tr v i xung ni, tr thnh tng tham mu trng ca Lu B, gip Lu B dng nn mt vng quc c lp cho mnh. Lu B nh C mui vn mnh, khng ch c cn c, m cn c ngy mt rng, cui cng thnh th chn vc vi To Tho v Tn Quyn. Ngi , chng ta u bit, l Gia Ct Lng. Gia Ct Lng r rng l nh chnh tr kit xut him thy trong lch s Trung Quc. Gia Ct Lng xung ni khin cho vn mnh bnh yn thin h nghing v pha Lu B. Cng vy, iu m mi ngi khng ng ti l, cng nm , mt trong s mu s quan trng nht ca To Tho l Quch Gia lm bnh, qua i. Mt n nh mnh vo To Tho v cng l bc ngot tt i vi Lu B. Vy, Quch Gia qua i quan trng n nh vy sao? Tp th mi bn: TRI SINH K TI Chng ta cha th xc nh r nguyn nhn, To Tho t mt ngh sai lm sng mt Lu B. Lu B nh rng xung bin, h v rng, vn kh tr nn tt c

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bit. Nm Kin An th XII (nm 207), Lu B mi c Gia Ct Lng t Long Trung, cn Quch Gia trn ng bc chinh lm bnh v qua i lc cn rt tr. Kt qu mt ngi ra, mt ngi i l Lu B nh c mui vn mnh, To Tho ch ln kh n p. Vy Quch Gia l ngi nh th no, khc v ging vi Gia Ct Lng im no? Tp trc chng ta ni, Lu B c ch anh hng, c kh anh hng, c hn anh hng, c ngha anh hng, ch khng c t anh hng (a bn ca mnh), ch c th bn ba khp ni, phn phc v thng nh v ngi khc. C th v nguyn nhn ny, To Tho t mt suy ngh sai lm sng mt Lu B. Lc ny, Lu B nh rng xung bin, h v rng, c th lm c g khng, cn phi xem vn kh ca Lu B. Khng ai ng vn kh ca Lu B tr nn tt c bit. Nm Kin An th XII (nm 207) l nm quan trng i vi Lu B v To Tho. Thng chn nm , Quch Gia mu s To Tho qu mn nht, bt hnh lm bnh v qua i; v cng nm ny, Gia Ct Lng n vi Lu B, Quch Gia qua i nm ba mi tm tui, Gia Ct Lng hai mi su tui xung ni, lch s bt u chuyn hng. V sao li lin h n ci cht ca Quch Gia v s xung ni ca Gia Ct Lng? Hai iu c quan h g? C. Loi quan h hoc lin h ny, ng nhin khng phi l chng xut hin trong cng mt nm. ch l s trng hp. iu mu cht l hai s kin nh hng n c hai pha To, Lu. Chng ta u bit, lc lng quyt nh s thng thua ca chin tranh; v lc lng s bin i khi bn ny mnh bn kia yu v bn ny yu bn kia mnh. Gia Ct Lng n bn Lu B l bn ny mnh bn kia yu: To Tho yu, Lu B mnh, tnh kiu g th To Tho cng l ngi thua thit. C iu, y cn c vn , tc l kh nng v trnh hai ngi. Nu khng kh nng th vic tnh ton trn cng chng c ngha. Cng vy, nu trnh khc nhau, hoc khc nhau qu ln th cng khng cn phi so snh lm g. Vy, kh nng ca Gia Ct Lng v Quch Gia nh th no? Trnh ca h nh nhau chng? Hoc h ging nhau ch no? ng l Quch Gia v Gia Ct Lng c nhng im ging v khc nhau n k l. Th nht, h l thin ti t b, lc xung ni mi ch c hai mi su, hai mi by tui (Quch Gia hai mi by tui, Gia Ct Lng hai mi su tui). Nhng suy ngh v mu lc gn nh thnh thc. Th hai, h u chn ng ch. Trong khi mi ngi ch nhn thy u im ca Vin Thiu, Quch Gia nhn thy phn nt ra; khi mi ngi ch nhn thy phn nt ra ca Lu B, Gia Ct Lng nhn thy phn u im. Th ba, h u c mu k, lp cng ln. Quch Gia gip To Tho thng nht min bc Trung Quc, Gia Ct Lng gip Lu B lp nn th chn vc. C th ni, trong hai ngi, mt l k s tri sinh, mt l nhn ti trn th. ng nhin, h ging

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nhau ch, trung thnh ht mc, cc cung tn tuy, cht khng t nan. Quan h gia h v To Tho, Lu B b ngoi khng th hin nh c gp nc, nhng bn trong th tnh su ngha nng. Sau khi Quch Gia qua i, To Tho bun thng khn xit. Theo Tam quc ch, Quch Gia truyn v li ch thch ca Bi Tng Chi, mi ln To Tho dng biu ln triu nh, vit th cho Tun c, tr chuyn cng ngi khc, nhiu ln tng nh Quch Gia v ln no cng ri l. To Tho ni, Phng Hiu cha y bn mi tui, (mi ba mi tm), thi gian cng ta l mi mt nm. l nhng ngy gian kh vt v, tt c u do ta v Quch Gia cho chng. ng l lc nguy him ngn cn treo si tc! Nhiu lc ta mt ht ch , may c Quch Gia ra sc cho li ti thnh cng. Thc ra th Quch Gia cng bit i l nguy him, Quch Gia khng c khe, min nam li nhiu dch bnh, nn thng ni n min nam ch e khng cn sng m quay li. Nhng cng ta bn v k ln thin h, li ni phi bnh c Kinh chu trc v xin c liu mng lp cng! Tnh ngha nh vy ai m qun c! Nay, ta tuy c lun cng ban thng cho Quch Gia, nhng i vi ngi cht th cn tc dng g! Ngi tri k thin h thc khng nhiu, kh khn lm mi c mt ngi, li b ta ra i. Tri xanh hi, bo ta lm g y, lm th no y! Theo cch ni ca To Tho chng ta hiu, quan h gia h l khc thng, c th ni l cng chia s hon nn (nguy him hon nn u cng nhau), hai tri tim cng mt nhp p (ch c Phng Hiu l hiu c ta). Quch Gia ng l nhn ti kh kim, c th coi l trung thnh ht mc (ht lng ht sc, qun sao c), li c nhiu mu, thnh cng (Bnh nh thin h, nhiu mu lp cng ln). Nhng c trng v quan h d dng khin chng ta lin tng ngay n Gia Ct Lng. S thc, Quch Gia v Gia Ct Lng khng ch c im tng ng khin ngi ngi phi kinh ngc m ngay c kh nng v nhiu mt cng nh nhau. Sau khi c c Gia Ct Lng, Lu B ni: Ta c c Khng Minh nh c c nc. Cn To Tho sau khi c c Quch Gia cng ni: Gip To Tho thnh i nghip, phi l ngi ny. Lu B trc lc lm chung gi con cho Gia Ct Lng, cn To Tho i vi Quch Gia cng tng mun lo v hu s. C iu Quch Gia cht qu sm, chng ta khng c nhn thy ngy . Cng v nguyn nhn ny, ngi sao ca Quch Gia khng c rc r bng ngi sao ca Gia Ct Lng. Nm hai mi su tui Gia Ct Lng xung ni, nm mi t tui, m bnh qua i, hai mi tm nm phc v cho Lu B, trong mi mt nm nm trn quyn ln; Quch Gia phc v To Tho ch c mi mt nm, chc v ch l qun s T tu (tham mu). iu kin thi trin ti hoa ca hai ngi l khc nhau. Nhng ch trong thi gian ngn l mi mt nm, Quch Gia li mt c nghip thc s. Lc Quch Gia trong qun To, To Tho lun nhn c tin thng trn, khi hon, thng nht min bc trn vn. Quch Gia va qua i, thnh tu v qun s

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ca To Tho r rng l khc trc. Nh li Chu Trch Hng, lun phi i ph vi l qun phit tho khu nh M ng, Hn Toi. i ph vi hai Kiu hng ln nh Tn Quyn, Lu B c phn lc bt tng tm, ti trn Xch Bch sut na b la t sch. ng nhin, Lu B chuyn bi thnh thng khng phi ch v c Gia Ct Lng; s nghip ca To Tho b cn tr cng khng v khng c Quch Gia. Chng ta khng th ni qu v tc dng c nhn. Nhng Quch Gia qua i l tn tht qu ln vi To Tho. V vy, lc thua trn Xch Bch, To Tho th di nga mt ln tri v bng tht ra cu: Quch Phng Hiu cn, ta u n on ny!. n Tam quc din ngha, cu ni c din t nh sau: To Tho thot thn theo hm Hoa Dung v n Nam qun, To Phi by tic hng xo ni kinh hong, cc mu s u c mt. Bng thy To Tho ngng mt ln tri, xc ng. Cc mu s ni, Tha tng lc gp nn khng thy s, by gi an ton v thnh, ngi c cm, nga c c, c th chnh n li qun ng, tr th ra hn, sao li khc lc nh vy? To Tho ni: Ta khc Quch Phng Hiu! Nu Phng Hiu cn, ta u n on ny Tip n li khc lc thm thit hn h Phng Hiu! Tic thng Phng Hiu!, th ri Cc mu s khc u lng l t thy xu h. Cha con Mao Tn Cng x v d di thi bun b khc lc ca To Tho, cn lin h vi vic To Tho khc in Vi trong trn chin Uyn Thnh, cu chuyn v trn chin Uyn Thnh, chng ta ni trong tp tm Qu sai thn khin, tc l vo thng Ging nm Kin An th II (nm 197), do To Tho sai lm Trng T va hng c mi hm nghe theo k ca Gi H t nhin lm phn. To Tho khng h phng, may nh c in Vi liu mng t chin, To Tho mi thot c, con c l To Ngang, chu l To An Dn v tng yu in Vi phi b mng trong chin u. Sau , To Tho lp n, cng t in Vi, khc lc thm thit. Hi th mi su cun Tam quc din ngha, To Tho khc nh th ny: ta mt con c v chu yu m thy khng au n lm, ta ch khc mt mnh in Vi s tng s chung quanh ht sc cm kch (mi ngi u xc ng). ng l Lu B vt con theo kiu To Tho. Mi ngi u r cu chuyn Lu B vt con. Sau khi Triu Vn cu c A u t Trng Bn v, Lu B nm con xung t ni: V my, xuyt na ta mt i tng, Triu Vn kinh hong ph phc khc ni, nht nh phi gan c ly t. Hy xem To Tho khng khc con yu m thng tng, kt qu l tng s u ht sc cm kch n ri l. Cng mt iu nhc nhng khc li. Cng vy, nn so snh ting khc in Vi v ting khc Quch Gia ca To Tho. Mao ph ni, To Tho trc khc in Vi sau khc Quch Gia. Khc in V l mun tng s phi cm ng, khc Quch Gia l cc mu s phi t thy xu h. Ting khc trc nh l thng, ting khc sau nh l nh, thc khng ng nc mt ca k gian hng va c th tr thnh tin la, va c th tr thnh roi gy. V vy cha

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con Mao Tn Cng ci nht: Ci gian ca k gian hng, ng l gian n bun ci. Li ph bnh trn ng nhin l rt tinh t, ch ng tic l li khc in Vi v khung cnh khc Quch Gia ca To Tho cng ging nh Lu B nm con u l li cc nh tiu thuyt. ng vy, trong tang l ca in Vi, To Tho thn n khc t, nhng khng ni: Ta mt con c v chu yu m khng thy au n lm. ng l To Tho c ni Quch Phng Hiu cn, ta u n on ny, nhng khng khc lc thm thit. Chng ta khng bit To Tho ni trong trng hp no v cng khng bit lc by gi c cc mu s khng. C th La Qun Trung din ngha, khng th tin c, cng l To Tho m cha con Mao Tn Cng ph l To Tho trong tiu thuyt, khng phi To Tho trong lch s. To Tho trong lch s khng ng bun ci nh th! To Tho than th cha hn l mun lm nhc cc mu s. Thc t, c nhiu nguyn nhn khin To Tho bt li Xch Bch, trch nhim ch yu khng phi l do mu s. V mu s ca To Tho u c km ci! V d, t lu c ngi ngh s c lin minh Tn, Lu, ngi l Trnh Dc. To Tho sau khi ot c Kinh chu tip tc xui xung Giang ng, cng c ngi phn i, ngi l Gi H. Tic l Thi t khng theo, vic qun bt li. R rng l mu s ca To Tho tn trch tn chc, l no To Tho n mn c tng nh Quch Gia lm nhc cc mu s? Vy, v sao To Tho phi than th? Thc t th To Tho than th mnh kh ca mnh, Quch Gia ra i qu sm Tam quc ch, Quch Gia truyn ni, Thi t nh Kinh chu v, n Ba Khu gp dch bnh, t thuyn v than rng: Quch Phng Hiu cn, ta u n on ny!, mun ni, nu Quch Gia cn sng, s vic khc. Sao li c th khng nh th ny? V Quch Gia l thin ti qun s. Quch Gia gii tnh ton, mi vic n hn. Quch Gia bit tu c ng bin, quyt on ti ch, thn c diu ton, chin thng t xut. Nh chuyn To Tho ba ln nh L B, bnh linh mt mi, chun b lui qun. Quch Gia ch trng nh tip v on rng n h tip s thng, kt qu bt c L B! To Tho tin nh Vin m, Vin Thng, nh l thng, li mun nh tip, Quch Gia ch trng lui qun, kt qu anh em Vin m, Vin Thng ho n t trong nh, ng ng To Tho c li. To Tho i nh Vin Thiu, c ngi lo Tn Sch tha c s ln nh Ha , Quch Gia ni chng khng dm n; To Tho i nh Hon, c ngi lo Lu Biu nhn c s ln nh Ha huyn, Quch Gia ni khng. Kt qu th no? Mi chuyn hon ton nh d on ca Quch Gia. Quch Gia khng ch liu vic nh thn m cn dm mo him, i trn dy. Nh hai trn chin Quan , Hon, ngi ngi lo lng l hon ton c l. Theo l thng, Tn Sch v Lu Biu s nhn c la m cp bc, nh mt n vo sau lng To Tho. Ring Quch Gia dm qu quyt l khng v cng ch c To Tho mi dm theo,

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chi tr mo him ln. Thc ra th trong trn chin Quan , t nhiu l may mn, sau ny s ni ti. Nhng qua trn chin Hon th hin r thin ti v qun s ca Quch Gia. Hon l dn tc thiu s min bc Trung Quc trc y lun theo Vin Thiu. Sau trn chin Quan , Vin Thiu m cht, Vin m v Cao Cn b git. Vin Thng v Vin Hi b To Tho nh bi phi chy vo Hon, nm Kin An th X (nm 205), hng mn lc lng ca Hon, nh li To Tho. V vy, tiu dit th lc cn li ca Vin Thiu thng nht min bc, To Tho khng th khng nh Hon. Nhng Hon khng phi d nh, nhiu ngi ch trng khng nh, cui cng thng c nhng rt nguy him. Theo ch dn, To Man truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch, V k, by gi tri rt cm cm, khng bng ngi, khng khi bp, hnh qun lin tc hng hai trm dm, khng c mt git nc, lng tho cng gn ht, To Tho git my ngn con nga lm lng, o su hng hn ba mi trng ly nc. V vy, sau khi v n Nghip Thnh, To Tho lnh trng thng cho nhng ngi tng khuyn khng nn tin nh Hon. To Tho ni, thng li ln ny, hon ton l gp may. Li khuyn ca cc v mi l k sch vn ton. R rng trn chin ny l v cng kinh hin. Thc ra khi nhiu ngi phn i nh Hon. Theo Tam quc ch, V k c hai l do ch yu h phn i. Th nht, Vin Thng ch l k mt nc trn chy. Hon l Di ch, mt mnh tham lam, chng c c g gip Vin Thng. V vy chng cn phi nh. Th hai, Hon t rng xa, mt khi qun ta vin chinh, Lu B nht nh s khch l Lu Biu nhn c ln nh Ha huyn Vn nht c bin th hi khng kp. V vy khng nn nh. Nhng Quch Gia li ch trng nh, phi nh v nh l thng. Theo Tam quc ch. Quch Gia truyn, Quch Gia nhn nh, th nht Hon rt xa, nhng chnh v rt xa, h s th xa m khng phng b. Nu chng ta xut k bt , tp kch bt ng, nht inh chng khng kp tr tay, v vy c th ph d dng. Th hai, khng th xem nh nh hng ca gia tc Vin th, khng th nh g thp thc lc ca ba qun Hon. Mt khi chng lin kt vi nhau, cng by ti ca v cha cht, hon thnh mu k tng m c, th e Thanh chu v K chu s khng cn l ca chng ta na. Cn nh Lu Biu - y l im th ba, chng qua ch l k ba hoa khoc lc (ngi bn sung). Lu Biu hiu mnh khng bng Lu B, khng bit phi i x vi Lu B nh th no. Trao quyn th s khng ch khng ni, khng trao quyn th s Lu B s khng thc bng gip mnh. V vy, d chng ta vin chinh, t nc b trng nhng bt tt phi lo hu phng bc la. Mong To cng c yn tm!. S vic din bin ng nh Quch Gia d on. Theo ch dn Hn Tn Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam Quc ch, Tin ch truyn, vo nm Kin An th XII (nm 207), To Tho tin nh Hon, Lu B khuyn Lu Biu ln nh Ha huyn,

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Lu Biu khng lm (Tin ch ni Biu nh Ha, Biu khng theo). Ch khi To Tho t Liu Thnh (gn th trn Triu Dng, Liu Ninh hin nay) i bn doanh vua p n Hon em qun v, Lu Biu mi hi hn, khng nghe li Lu B b ph mt c hi ln. Lu B nh an i Lu Biu, ang lc thin h i lon, chin tranh lin min, s cn nhiu c hi. Nu t nay bit phn ng nhanh (ngi sau c phn ng) th cn g phi tic na (tic g ln ny). S thc th Lu Biu lm g cn c hi. Sau khi bnh nh ba qun ca Hon, To Tho nhanh chng cha mi nhn chin tranh v pha Lu Biu; cn Lu Biu cha kp giao tranh vi To Tho i gp thng ri. To Tho nghe theo Quch Gia, khng ti Lu Biu, a qun ln bc v thng nm n huyn Dch (vng ty bc huyn Hng, H Bc ngy nay), lc Quch Gia ni vi To Tho, binh qu ch thn tc. Lc ny qun ta hnh trnh hng dm, kh ti nhiu v nng, tc chm, rt kh ginh c thng li nhanh chng. Mt khi tin tc b l, i phng s c chun b. Chi bng b li kh ti ri i sut ngy m, nh cho chng khng kp tr tay. To Tho nghe k a khinh binh n V Chung (nay l huyn Tn T), sau c danh s a phng, ngi in Tr hng dn theo ng tt qua T V (pha bc Ngc in, H Bc ngy nay), tri L Long (nay l H Phong Khu, H Bc), Bch n (nay l Khoan Thnh, H Bc), Bnh Cng (nay l Bnh Tuyn, H Bc), tro ln Bch Long i (nay l B Hu Sn, Liu Ninh) cch Liu Thnh chng vi trm dm. Lc ny mi c tin qun To ti, vua p n ca Hon vi vng ra nghnh chin. Kt qu thua trn, b git. Vin Thng v Vin Hi nh phi cao chy xa bay ti Liu Ninh cy nh Cng Tn Khang. Xem ra Quch Gia liu vic nh thn. V vy Tam quc din ngha mi quy cng thng li cui cng ca trn nh cho Quch Gia. Phn trc chng ta ni v chuyn ny. Sau khi ph Hon, To Tho n binh bt ng, khng vi i tiu dit Vin Thng, Vin Hi, ngi ch Cng Tn Khang em u hai k n np. Qu nhin Tn Khang lm nh vy. y vn l quyt sch ca To Tho, nhng Tam quc din ngha li ni l Cm nang diu k ca Quch Gia, gi l Quch Gia di k nh Liu ng. Tam quc din ngha ni vy l khng mun To Tho qu sng chi, mun ni r Quch Gia thc t mu lc hn ngi. S thc, La Qun Trung ghp cy chit cnh nh vy khng phi l hon ton v c, v ng l Quch Gia c ny. Theo Tam quc ch. Quch Gia truyn, sau khi Vin Thiu mt, Vin Thng v Vin m u b To Tho nh cho ti bi khi la. Lc ny cc tng u ch trng nhanh chng tiu dit hai k , Quch Gia li ni l khng cn, c cho hai anh em chng nh ln nhau. Quch Gia phn tch: Vin Thng v Vin m ang bt ho v tranh ginh quyn c thay cha, ai cng c mu s ca ring mnh, th tt ni b s lon. Nu chng ta bc qu, chng s lin kt li; nu chng ta khng ng ti, chng s nh nhau. V vy, chng ta v nh chun b nam chinh Lu Biu, ch i s bin gia chng, khi c bin s nh l nh c ngay. Qu nhin, khi qun To va n Ty Bnh (pha Ty huyn Ty Bnh, H Nam ngy

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nay), Vin Thng, Vin m xung t ln v tranh ginh K chu, To Tho nh ng ng c li. Lc ny chng kh khn g bit v sao Quch Gia liu vic nh thn. Nguyn nhn rt n gin, Quch Gia bit qu r v con ngi, Quch Gia hiu thu Vin Thiu, hiu thu L B, hiu thu Tn Sch, hiu thu Lu Biu v chng l g Vin Thng, Vin m, mi dm c chiu nguy him . Ch trch To Tho ni, Quch Gia nhn thi s, binh s, hn hn ngi khc. D l thi s, d l binh s, xt cho cng u l nhn s. Phi tinh thng nhn s th mi hiu c thi s v binh s. ng l Quch Gia gii bit nhn ngi khng ch nhn r k th m nhn r c ch nhn. Trong biu vn To Tho ni mi khi bn bc, phi lm g trc k ch. Thn cha quyt c th Gia quyt xong. R rng mi ln ra quyt nh, Quch Gia lun trc To Tho, lun gip To Tho c quyt tm. Nhng r rng y phi c mt iu kin, tc l cch i nhn x th ca To Tho, Quch Gia yn tm ra mu vch k, c nhng chiu him, nhng chiu xut thn. Nu li nh Vin Thiu, hp hi t li, nhu nhc t quyt, ch ln ti s, ghen ght ngi hin th c ti tr thng minh n my, Quch Gia lm g c t dng v. C th ni, Quch Gia thnh cng cng chnh l To Tho thnh cng. l iu him thy trong lch s. Thc d hiu, trong trn chin Xch Bch, nu Quch Gia cn th hn xut k ch thng, gip To Tho chuyn bi thnh thng, ha him thnh khng. cng l nguyn nhn To Tho ni Quch Phng Hiu cn, ta u n on ny. Tic l lc y Quch Gia khng cn, nu khng, lch s e phi vit li, Tam quc din ngha cng phi vit li. Bi Quch Gia cha c mt lc lng mnh , t ra th gia Quch Gia v Gia Ct Lng c cuc u tr hay ho. Vi i mt sc so nh vy, khng th khng nhn thu Lu B. Thc t th Quch Gia cng ging nh To Tho, thy r Lu B l anh hng. Nhng kin ca Quch Gia li c phn mu thun. C ngi ch trng git Lu B, Quch Gia ni khng nn git. To Tho th Lu B i, Quch Gia li ni khng nn th. Lc ch dn Quch Gia truyn Bi Tng Chi c hai cch ni. Ngy th ni, c ngi tha vi To Tho: B c ch anh hng, nn sm git i, trnh hu ho. To Tho hi k Quch Gia, Quch Gia ni nay minh cng xch bo kim khi ngha qun l tr bo yn dn, nh vo s trung thnh v tn ngha. Nh vy m vn cn s khng mi c anh hng trong thin h n vi chng ta. Lc ny Lu B l anh hng ht ng lui, n nh minh cng, li b minh cng git. Vy th cn ai mun theo minh cng bnh nh thin h na y? Git mt ngi mt ht hi vng ca bn bin, iu nn suy ngh k. Ph t li ni, Quch Gia ch ng tm To Tho v c kin B khng mun di ngi khc, cha on c mu g. Ngi xa ni, mt ngy dung ch, c i tai ha, nn sm x i. Khi , To Tho ang Phng thin t lnh thin h, ly tn ngha chiu np anh hng, nn khng theo Quch Gia. Tn khi Lu Bi cng khai phn bi, To Tho mi Hn l khng nghe Quch Gia.

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V vy, Bi Tng Chi c li bnh: Ngy th ni ngc li vi li Ph t. Nhng theo ti, hai cun sch khng c g ngc nhau. Ci gi l nn sm x i c th hiu l nn sm sp xp, chc g phi l mun git Lu B. Ti ng vi quan im ca Chu Trch Hng v vn ny. Chu cho rng ca Quch Gia l va khng th git, va khng th th. Phi lm g? Giam lng. Nhng khng hiu v l do g, To Tho li khng hiu Quch Gia. C th y l vn kh nhy cm, Quch Gia khng th ni tht r! Cui cng th To Tho cng c, Quch Gia cng c, h u khng phi l thn. D h c nhn thu con ngi n my, c thn c diu ton n my cng khng ng rng Lu B gii thay i, khng ng rng trn i cn c Gia Ct Lng. Gia Ct Lng trong lch s thi Tam Quc l nhn vt kh c bit. Trc nm Kin An th XII (nm 207), chng ta cha h thy bng dng, cha h nghe ting ni ca Gia Ct Lng. iu ny khng hon ton v Gia Ct Lng cn tr tui. Thi , anh hng thiu nin c t u? Hung h lc xung ni, Gia Ct Lng rt gi dn. Nhng cng khng th ni rng v Gia Ct Lng khng mun xung ni. Nn nh, mt ngi lun v mnh vi Qun Trng, Nhc Ngh s khng cam tm gi mng sng trong thi lon, khng mun ni danh vi ch hu. R rng Gia Ct Lng ang trng mong v ch i. Ni r hn, l ang nhn thi cuc, ch i li ku gi ca Lu B. Vy trong s ng cc anh hng ho kit thi v sao Gia Ct Lng c th nhn ra Lu B? i mt tinh tng ca Gia Ct Lng nhn thy g trn con ngi Lu B? Tp th mi lm: MT TINH THY Nu nh Lu B l mt cu th Gia Ct Lng cng l mt cu . Hnh nh thng to ra Gia Ct Lng ring cho Lu B, hnh nh Gia Ct Lng lun lun ch i ting gi ca Lu B. Vy cui cng Gia Ct Lng l ngi nh th no, v sao Gia Ct Lng li nng tnh vi Lu B, Gia Ct Lng nhn thy g trong con ngi Lu B? Tp trc ni, lc cc l anh hng ln lt ng n, mu s ln lt xung ni th Gia Ct Lng vn n mnh Long Trung, khng vi th hin phong thi. Gia Ct Lng ang lng l ch i ting gi ca Lu B. Trong s ch hu, Gia Ct Lng ng nht Lu B, Lu B c g lm xc ng Gia Ct Lng, v sao Gia Ct Lng va nhn ng ngay Lu B? Mun tr li vn ny trc ht phi xem lc tr Gia Ct Lng l ngi th no? Gia Ct Lng anh ti t nh li p trai Dng biu Gia Ct Lng tp ca Trn Th ni t c nhn ti nh vy, c kh anh b, thn cao tm thc, dung mo khi v khc hn ngi thng. V thn th s sch ghi khng nhiu. Chng ta ch bit Gia

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Ct Lng l con ci, c ngi ch l Gia Ct Huyn nui dng thnh ngi. Gia Ct Huyn thn tnh vi Lu Biu, Gia Ct Lng cng theo chn n Kinh chu. Sau khi Gia Ct Huyn qua i, Gia Ct Lng lin theo ngh cy cy Long Trung. Long Trung l mnh t Tng Dng v Nam Dng tranh ginh nhau. Nghe k t thi nh Thanh, C Gia Hnh ngi Tng Dng c phi n lm Tri ph Nam Dng. Th l c ngi Nam Dng mun ngi tri ph Nam Dng vn ngi Tng Dng phi cho bit rt cuc Long Trung l ca ngi Tng Dng hay Nam Dng. C khng bit ni th no v khng mun phi c ti vi c hai bn, nh chn mt cu i ni: Tm ti triu nh, bt k l tin ch hu ch; danh cao thin h, h tt ni Tng Dng Nam Dng, mi gii c v kin . K thc v tr a l Long Trung ngoi thnh Tng Dng hai mi dm; khu vc hnh chnh li thuc huyn ng qun Nam Dng, nn ni l thuc Tng Dng hay Nam Dng u ng. Hung chi lc Tng Dng v Nam Dng u thuc Kinh chu, ni chung l khng c vn g. Sau khi n Long Trung, Gia Ct Lng va cy rung va c sch. Gia Ct Lng tng ni trong Xut s biu. Thn l ngi o vi, cy cy Nam Dng, ch mong gi ton c tnh mng trong thi lon, khng cu c hin t vang danh vi ch hu. Gi ton tnh mng, Khng cu danh li ni y ch c th coi l li ni; cy cy Nam Dng c th l thc, nhng cha chc l ngh chnh nui thn, ch da vo ngh nng duy tr sinh k, chng qua ch l tham gia lao ng. By gi ngi ta cn coi l nh s, khng th coi l thn phn. Nh K Khang vn thch ngh rn, l no li coi l th rn? ng l Gia Ct Lng c cy cy, nhng v tt l nng dn. ng nhin Gia Ct Lng coi vic cy cy Lng miu l nh hng lc nhn ri, hay l ngh nghip mu sinh, chng ta khng hiu c. Nhng bt k trong tnh hung no th Gia Ct Lng vn l ngi thng thn khng cu n. Ngay c khi l tha tng, Gia Ct Lng vn cc cung tn ty, lm vic ht mnh, c th y l thi quen c hnh thnh t lc cy cy Nam Dng Gia Ct Lng thng c lt qua cc sch, ch dn Ngy lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - Gia Ct Lng truyn ni, Thch o l bn ca Gia Ct Lng v nhng ngi khc thng chm ch t m, ring Gia Ct Lng ch cn nm iu i lc. Nh vy mi l bit c sch. Thc t th, mt ngi nu khng cn hc vn ging nh o Uyn Minh, th c sch khng cn t m tc l khng t mnh hc u vo tng; cn nh nm iu i lc tc l gii nm bt cc im chnh yu. T im ny c th thy, Gia Ct Lng l ngi i kh. Ngi i kh c sch lun bit nm ly nhng tr tu nhng tinh ty trong , khng tm chng trch cc, nhm nhp tng ch, ging nh cc tng lnh thng soi i kh, khng h tnh ton ti s c mt ca thnh n thnh kia. Ngoi cy cy v c sch ra, Gia Ct Lng cn thch hai vic khc na. Mt l thch m gi h di (c ghi trong Ngy lc), hai l thch c Lng ph ngm (ghi

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trong chuyn ny). H, c th l thut dn ti t mt loi kh cng; Lng ph ngm l mt khc ca a ma th thm hoc th Nhc ph pht trin t ca khc a ma. Qua hai iu ny chng ta thy r Gia Ct Lng lc tr l ngi c tm lng khng khi th lng. Qua ting h di v th ca, Gia Ct Lng mun gi gm nhng tnh cm bi thng v s quan tm su sc ti nhn tnh th thi. y chnh l s nhn in hnh. L s, nht l quc s phi c trch nhim vi thin h. ng nhin, nu nh ch c ch hng thi th cha , cn cn phi c nng lc v iu kin. Gia Ct Lng c ch hng, c nng lc v iu kin. Lun t v mnh nh Qun Trng, Nhc Ngh l c ch hng; sau ny li tr nc, bnh thin h, nh cn khn, tc l c nng lc. Cn nh iu kin, cng c v c th l rt tt. Trc ht, Gia Ct Lng trong mt hon cnh rt tt. Chng ta u bit h Gia Ct l mt h c bit. Trc tin, ngi ng Gia Ct Phong tng l T L hiu y. T L hiu y chc cao quyn trng, vo thi Ty Hn thp hn tam cng, cao hn cu khanh, thi ng Hn ngang nh thng th lnh, ng s trung tha. Ngi cha l Gia Ct Khu tng l qun tha, ngi ch Gia Ct Huyn tng l thi th, nhu vy Gia Ct Lng l con em cn b. ng nhin, Gia Ct Lng phi bit mt t chuyn, mt s quan h trong chn quan trng. S thc th Gia Ct Lng c mi quan h kh phc tp. M v ca Gia Ct Lng l ch em rut vi ngi v sau ca Lu Biu, u l con gi Si Phng, ch ca Si Mo. C th m tnh, Lu Biu l ch dng ca v Gia Ct Lng, bn thn Gia Ct Lng l chu r ng ngoi nh h Si. Lu Biu l trng quan Kinh chu, h Si l vng tc Tng Dng, Si Mo l thn tn ca Lu Biu, Gia Ct Lng c vn chnh tr nh vy, l no khng phi l iu kin tt hay sao? Ni n mi nhn duyn ca Gia Ct Lng cng l ni n mt giai thoi. Hong Tha Ngn l danh s ng thi, l b v ca Gia Ct Lng. Ngi ny v rt thch Gia Ct Lng, mun g con gi cho Gia Ct Lng. Hong Tha Ngn ni, ta c a con gi, ngi rt xu nhng rt ti hoa, ngi mun ci n khng? Gia Ct Lng ng , Hong Tha Ngn cho xe ch ngi con gi xu x n ngay. V vic ny, cc nh s hc c nhiu cch ni khc nhau. C ngi cho rng, Hong Tha Ngn khim tn, ch con gi khng xu, cng c ngi cho rng l th Gia Ct Lng, xem Lng trng sc hay trng ti. Nhng theo ti con gi h Hong l xu. Th nht l do ngay li ca Hong Tha Ngn: Con gi ta xu, u vng da en. Nu l khim tn th sao phi ni c th n nh vy, hn na li rt ti hoa th chng khim tn mt cht no. Th hai, c nhiu ngi phn ng li. Tng Dng k c ghi chuyn ny, ni: Thi cho l chuyn vui, dn gian c cu ca: Chng ai chn v nh Khng Minh, ly ngay phi c Tha xu x. R rng ai cng bit con gi h Hong l c gi xu x.

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Vy, v sao Gia Ct Lng li ng cuc hn nhn ? Cng c hai li gii. Mt cho rng Gia Ct Lng ly v trng c trng ti khng trng sc, chn ngi cao phong lng tit; kin khc th ngc li, ci m Gia Ct Lng coi trng l danh vng x hi v quan h x hi ca Hong Tha Ngn. V v c xu x mt cht cng ch ngi, v cn c th ly thip. Ly v l ly c, chn thip l chn sc, quan nim thng thng thi l vy. Cn cui cng l nguyn nhn no, qu thc ti khng dm lm bn v c nhn, mong cc v c gi xt cho! Nhng vi mt mi quan h nh v y, nu Gia Ct Lng mun c mt chc quan no ch Lu Biu, thc chng kh khn g. Hung h Gia Ct Lng cn c mt c s na, u l nhng ngi ni ting mt thi. H lun tm c vi Gia Ct Lng. S thc th nh T Th tin c, Lu B mi bit Gia Ct Lng. Ngoi ra cn T M Huy, Bng c cng danh s Kinh chu v nhng ngi khc u nh gi cao Gia Ct Lng. T M Huy tng t danh hiu cho Gia Ct Lng l Nga Long. Bng c cng con trai mnh ly con gi th hai ca Gia Ct Lng lm v. R rng lc Gia Ct Lng tuy n c trong lu c trn Long Trung, nhng ni ci c ngi gii, i li khng mt mnh. Nhng ngi c quan h i li vi Gia Ct Lng lc khng l cao quan cng l danh s. Vn ling chnh tr v iu kin chnh tr ca Gia Ct Lng tt hn nhiu so vi khng t ngi thi . V d nh Gi H, gia tc bnh thng, quan h bnh thng, khng c ai tuyn truyn gip (t ngi bit ti), mt mnh bc vo i, gp thi vn, ln ln trong m th ph v qun phit, cui cng n c ch To Tho, c quan cao lc hu, thc chng d dng g? iu kin ca Gia Ct Lng r rng l tt hn nhiu. Hu phng tt, quan h tt, nhiu ngi ng h, nu mun tham chnh th chng kh khn g. Nhng trc nm Kin An th XII, Gia Ct Lng gn nh yn lng mong gi ton c tnh mng trong thi lon khng cu c hin t vang danh vi ch hu, gn nh quyt tm n c Long Trung, v sao li nh vy? Ch hng ca Gia Ct Lng l khc thng. Ngy lc ni, Gia Ct Lng tng tr chuyn vi ba ngi bn ca mnh l Thch Thao (Qung Nguyn), T Th (Nguyn Trc), Mnh Kin (Cng Uy), cc bn tham chnh, quan c th ti qun th, th s. Cc bn hi li cn tc h th no? Gia Ct Lng mm ci, khng tr li (Lng ch ci v khng ni). Thc ra li p c t lu - Lun v mnh nh Qun Trng, Nhc Ngh. Qun Trng l ngi th no? L danh tng. Nh vy, mi vic qu r rng, l tng ca Gia Ct Lng khng phi xung vng, xng , ngi phng bc nhn v phng nam, khng phi lm quan to phc mt vng m ph t ngi hin minh, qut sch bn bin, bnh tr thin h, n nh Trung Nguyn. Hin nhin, li phi ni nh Quch Gia, hy chn cho mnh mt ng ch tt. Nhng ngi m Gia Ct Lng c th chn l rt nhiu. Nh Lu Biu ngay trc

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mt, li c quan h thn thch. To Tho v Tn Quyn ang chiu binh mi m, chiu hin np s. Nhng Gia Ct Lng gn nh khng hng th vi h. V sao vy? Nguyn nhn rt n gin: Lu Biu l qu km, To Tho qu mnh. Khng gian ni Tn Quyn qu nh. Sau ny chng ta cn bit ti s km ci ca Lu Biu, y chi ni ti mt im. Lc by gi nhn s Trung Nguyn v Kinh chu lnh nn rt ng, nhng Lu Biu khng dng mt ai. Gia Ct Lng xung ni s ra sao? Bn pha To Tho, nhn ti cht nch, bn thn To Tho l ngi mnh, Gia Ct Lng ti thc s nh th no? Theo ch dn Ngy lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Gia Ct Lng truyn, lc Mnh Kin n ch To Tho, Gia Ct Lng ni: Trung Quc nhiu s i phu, ngao du h tt c hng. Bi Tng Chi cho rng nguyn nhn Gia Ct Lng khng n ch To Tho l v lp trng chnh tr, nhng ti li ngh, t ra th cng l mt trong nhng suy ngh ca Gia Ct Lng, vn t heo Ngy lc, v sau khi Thch Thao nhm chc Qun th, in nng hiu y Ngy, T Th nhn chc Hu trung lang tng, Ng s trung tha Ngy, Gia Ct Lng th di ni: Ngy rt nhiu s! V sao hai ngi li khng c dng? R rng, c dng khng c dng vn cn phi xem xt. V vi Gia Ct Lng ch c dng e vn cha , m vn phi trng dng thm ch l chuyn dng. Theo ch dn Vin T, ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Gia Ct Lng truyn, trc trn chin Xch Bch, Gia Ct Lng sang s ng Ng, thuyt phc Tn Quyn lin minh vi Lu B. Mu s hng u ca Tn Quyn l Trng Chiu thy r s phi phm ca Gia Ct Lng ra sc tin c vi Tn Quyn. Tn Quyn mun gi Gia Ct Lng li, nhng Gia Ct Lng c tuyt. C ngi hi l do, Gia Ct Lng ni: Tn tng qun l ch, nhng xem thi , ch c th tn trng Lng, nhng khng th tn dng Lng, ta s khng lu li. Ngha l, Tn Quyn thc ra l ch tt (xng l ch), nhng nhiu nht Tn Quyn ch c th tn trng (hin Lng), nhng khng th pht trin ht ti ca Lng (tn dng Lng). Bi Tng Chi cho rng nh vy l khng thc, hai l do. Th nht, Gia Ct Lng v Lu B qun thn tng ng l vic him thy trn i. Mt quan h khng v li v tin, ai c th li gin c h? Th Hai, c i Gia Ct Lng c th coi l trung trinh bt khut. Sao li c mi ni c? Bi Tng Chi ni, sau khi b bt, Quan V ch To Tho c th coi l tn dng ht, nhng vn lun lun v ngha khng qun gc, l no Gia Ct Lng li khng bng Quan V? R rng l Bi Tng Chi c l. Thm vo , chng ta c th ni: Lu B l ng ch, Gia Ct Lng chn sau nhiu ln cn nhc. vy th Gia Ct Lng khng th d dng chy sang vi Tn Quyn. V vy, d Tn Quyn c th tn dng Lng, Gia Ct Lng cng khng bao gi phn li Lu B. Nhng, trc lc chn Lu B l no Gia Ct Lng khng th chn Tn Quyn? ng nhin l c th. Vy, v sao Gia Ct Lng li khng chy sang vi ng Ng? C th Gia Ct Lng sm nhn ra Tn

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Quyn c th coi trng Lng m khng tn dng Lng. L l rt n gin: ng Ng l tp on li ch ca ba th h Tn Kin, Tn Sch, Tn Quyn kinh doanh v pht trin vi bao gian nan vt v. Bn pha Tn Quyn nhn ti rt nhiu v c quan h mt thit. Trng Chiu l lo thn sng nghip ca Tn Sch, Tn Sch tng a Trng Chiu n ly m, khc gi anh em v coi nh huynh trng, trc khi lm chung cn gi gm c Tn Quyn (a em y thc cho Chiu), v cn ni nu Trng Mu khng m nhn c vic, th t ng hy nhn ly!. Chu Du cng l lo thn sng nghip ca Tn Sch, ng thi cn c tnh anh em cc cho. Tn Quyn cng c nghe li ni ca m, mun Tn Quyn coi Chu Du nh anh trai (ta coi Du nh con, my phi coi n nh anh). Thc d hiu, d Gia Ct Lng nng lc c mnh, bn lnh c ln, trnh c cao th khi ti ng Ng, a v c th thp hn Trng, Du, cn khng bng L Tc. Hin nhin, Gia Ct Lng khng mong nh vy. V vy, ch thi trong li Gia Ct Lng xem thi , ch c th tn trng Lng, khng th tn dng Lng e khng phi l lng, m nn hiu l khng gian. Tam quc ch. L Tc truyn ni, nm khi khuyn L Tc v vi Tn Quyn, Chu Du mn li ca M Vin, mt danh tng thi ng Hn tr li Quang V Lu T: Thi th lc ny, khng phi vua chn thn m thn chn vua. Ngy nay gi quan im ny l c hai u chn la, cng vi ny, Quch Gia tng ni Ngi tr phi chn ch cho mnh. Quch Gia, Chu Du u chn vua, cng vy, Gia Ct Lng chn vua. Nhng yu cu chn la ca Gia Ct Lng c phn cao hn, mun ng ch m bo thc hin ng li chnh tr, l tng nhn sinh ca mnh mc cao nht. Vy, ng li chnh tr, l tng nhn sinh ca Gia Ct Lng l g? T ch lun v mnh nh Qun Trng, Nhc Ngh cng Long Trung i sau ny c th thy, Gia Ct Lng mun san bng bn bin, thng nht chn chu, xy dng c nghip ln i i, lp nn k cng ci th. Nghip ln v k cng ni ti, c th l b nghip ca T Hon cng, c th l nghip ca Quang V , nhng phi l s nghip vang tri dy t. C th thnh nghip c nhin l tt, c th thnh b nghip cng c. Thp hn mt cht l thnh th chn vc, ct c mt phng. Nh Trn Th ni tin th nh rng ln h vn khp trong bn bin; li cng vt qua bin gii, chn ng trong nc. l tm nguyn ca Gia Ct Lng sau khi Lu B qua i, nhng v trc cha c nhn nn sau khng thnh qu. Tm li Gia Ct Lng mun tr thnh mt nguyn hun khai quc lp nn mt chnh quyn mi, nh nc mi, vng triu mi thc s. Ngi ch m Gia Ct Lng la chn phi l ngi gip Gia Ct Lng thc hin c nguyn v l tng ca mnh. Nh vy, tiu chun chn la ca Gia Ct Lng qu r rng. Th nht, ngi c kh nng xy dng mt chnh quyn mi, mt t nc mi, mt vng triu mi. Ngi cn phi c ch hng v iu kin. Th hai, ch hng v iu kin ca ngi cn cha r rng, ang trong tim thc, ch hng cha ai bit, ngay c bn thn cng cha xc nh r; cn iu kin cng cha thnh thc, thm ch cn khim khuyt. Chnh v cha xc nh r, c khim khuyt, nn mi cn mt ngi nh Gia

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Ct Lng. Cng chnh v cha xc nh c khim khuyt, Gia Ct Lng mi tr thnh ngi nh nh, cao tay, ti ba. R rng ch c Lu B l ngi ph hp vi cc iu kin . Trc ht Lu B l dng di vng. Lu B l i sau ca Trung Sn Tnh vng Lu Thng - con ca Hn Cnh . Theo Tam quc din ngha nu tnh k th hong thng ngy nay cn phi gi Lu B l ch. Mi quan h tuy cn nhiu iu ng ng - Tam quc ch ni Lu B l i sau ca Lc Thnh nh hu Lu Trinh, in lc li ni Lu B thuc chi Lm p hu; tuy con ca Lu Thng l Lu Trinh cng ch l nh hu, sau ny mt c tc v; tuy bn thn Lu B ri vo cnh cng m dt chiu, bn dp, khng cn nh con rng chu phng; nhng cng khng ai nghi ng thn phn hong tc ca Lu B. Lu B c hi v mt chnh tr. V d sau ny nh mi ngi bit Hn tht khng cn vc dy c na, ch Hn ca Lu Bang, Lu T, nhng khi Lu B thay th (hoc k tha) Lu Hip vn hp tnh hp l hn s ngi chng lin quan g n hong gia nh To Tho, Tn Quyn. Ngoi ra vi hnh tng, thn cao by thc ri (l l,725m), hai tai r tn vai, tay di qu gi. Tam quc ch ni l tay di qu gi, mt nhn thy tai), Lu B hn hn To Tho. Vo thi , nh vy l c u th. Th na, Lu B cn c ch vng. Tam quc ch ni, lc b Lu B tng ni, ri ta phi ngi ln xe ca thin t (ta s ngi xe ph bng lng v). iu c thc khng, cn cha r. Cc s gia thi c mi khi vit truyn v cc hong dng nc, khng khi thm vo nhng chuyn ng thoi kiu nh th, Hng chng t ngi l chn mnh thin t, t nh p ch ln. V tn hai ngi con ca Lu B ni r iu ny. Hai ngi con, mt ngi l Lu Phong, ngi kia l Lu Thin, hp li l Phong Thin. Phong Thin l l ln ca cc v qun vng hin c cng t tri t (ln Thi Sn lp n t tri gi l phong, lc xung ni cng t gi l thin). Nu nh Lu B khng c mun lm hong th t tn con l Phong Thin lm g? Th ba, Lu B c thut ca vng. Tuy l quan h huyt thng ca Lu B v Lu Bang l ng ng, nhng v tnh cch v tc phong th li c nhng ch ging nhau. Tam quc ch tng ni, hai ngi ging nhau khng thch c sch, thch ch nga, ht xng v qun o p. Gii lung lc nhn ti, thu phc nhn tm, cng ging nhau. Cng thch h ho b bn hnh hip trng ngha. Trn Th c phn c l khi ni Tin ch rng ri khoan hu, hiu ngi i s, tc phong nh Cao t, anh hng ngha kh. C iu tnh nt ca h li khng ging nhau hon ton. Lu Bang thch mng ngi, cn Lu B th khng. Khng ch khng mng ngi, m cn t ni, x tt vi ngi di, bun vui khng l, nhn b ngoi c v n hu hn Lu Bang, v n hu, v hip ngha, nn rt c lng ngi. Tam quc ch v li ch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tng Chi u ni, lc Lu B l Bnh Nguyn tng, qun dn Lu Bnh xem thng Lu B, thy mnh nhc nh di ngi khc, nn sai thch khch i git

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Lu B, thch khch khng n h th, ni ri b i, Trn Th c li bnh ngi c lng dn thng l vy. Bi Tng Chi dn Ngy th li ni, nguyn nhn trc tip khin khng n h th l, Lu B khng bit ngi n l ai, vn hu hnh i khch, thch khch cm ng. Cn nguyn nhn c bn, chnh l Lu B Ngoi th chng gic, trong li ban thng, tt vi ngi di, ngi cng ging, n cng mm, khng h khc bit, v vy mi ngi mi theo v. Lng ngi, mt th ti sn v hnh qu gi. Th t, Lu B c phc ca vng. Trong ba nhn vt c ln thi Tam Quc, phi ni Lu B v Tn Quyn u l ngi c phc kh. Tn Quyn phc kh tt nht, c nghip c sn, nhn ti c sn. Vo nhng lc mu cht, Lu B thng c ngi cao minh gip , c th gii nguy thnh an, l phc kh ca Lu B, Lu B va xut hin c Quan V v Trng Phi. Ai cng bit, nhn ti ngi trung thnh d kim, ngi ti gii cng d kim, nhng ngi va trung thnh va ti gii th kh kim, Quan V v Trng Phi u l nhng ngi trung thnh v ti gii. y l phc kh ln th nht ca Lu B, vn kh sau ny cng khng ti. Nh lc Lu B ang ru r v cha c c s, th o Khim cht, Lu B d dng c ngay T chu. ang bun v cha thot khi s khng ch ca To Tho th may sao li c To Tho phi i chn nh Vin Thut, v thot khi n chiu trong ai o. Sau khi n T chu, cng l lc Vin Thut cht (Thut bnh cht). Ln na, Lu B li c T chu v thiu t na l lm nn chuyn (nhiu qun huyn phn li To, v vi Tin ch, c ti my vn ngi). C iu ra qun t nhng nm cui thi Linh ti nm Kin An th VI chy ti ch Lu Biu, Lu B tuy vn kh tt nhng cha gp vn may. Con ng ca Lu B v cng gp ghnh. Va mi c T chu th L B li n cp. Va mi chy n vi Vin Thut b To Tho nh bi. Va mi theo Lu Biu, Lu Biu nghi ng (Biu nghi ng ngm ngm mun hi). Li ch dn Cu Chu Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Tin ch truyn ni, mt ln Lu B vo nh tiu, mi pht hin thy tht v mp ra v khc. Lu Biu ly lm l v hi v sao. Lu B ni, ngy thng qua nhanh, gi n ni ri, c nghip vn cha thnh, lm sao m khng bun! Ti tin rng l s thc. Vo thi , mt ngi hn bn mi m cha lm c g, th ng l chng cn hy vng. Thc t th ng lc ny, tt c chng ta, c Lu B trong s chng nhn thy mt hi vng no na. Cho d Lu B c kin nhn n my th chc cng khng chu ng ni. Nhng may sao, tri xanh khng ph ngi c tm, cui cng th Lu B cng ch c ci ngy m thi th chuyn vn. Vo nm Kin An th XII, Gia Ct Lng xut hin, vic ny c mt ngha v cng ln lao. tp trc chng ta ni, Lu B c ch ca anh hng, c hn ca anh hng, c ngha ca anh hng, nhng l ngi anh hng cha thnh cng v cha c t dng v. Va ri chng ta cng ni, Lu B dng di vng, c ch vng, c thut vng, c phc vng, nhng vn

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phi n u nh, v vn cha tm c con ng dn ti thnh cng. Tc l Lu B cn thiu hai th, Mt l thiu cn c a vng chc (t dng v), hai l thiu ng li chnh tr ng n (con ng thnh cng), Gia Ct Lng l ngi c th gip Lu B gii quyt hai vn . Vo nm Kin An th XII, c Lu B v Gia Ct Lng ang cn i phng v u ang tm i phng. Th so snh mt cht, tp on Lu B chng khc g mt x nghip ca dn rt c tin , nhng li thiu mt CEO ti nng khng bit nn sn xut g kinh doanh nh th no, v vy vic bun bn c thng thng, khng khi sc, Gia Ct Lng chng khc g mt gim c vt tri bit ng ci t hon sinh cho x nghip, nhng bn thn li khng c cng ty v cng khng mun lm ng ch. Ch ng trch h va n l hp ngay. Nh vy, ch cn li mt vn , trong hai ngi , ai tm ai trc. Tam quc ch v Tam quc din ngha u ni, Lu B ba ln vo lu tranh; Ngy th v Cu Chu Xun Thu u ni chnh Gia Ct Lng ch ng xung ni. Vy, chn tng s vic ra sao? Li vn v ngha ng sau cu chuyn trong hai cun sch l g? Tp th mi su: BA LT N LU TRANH Gia Ct Lng xung ni, ch c mt dng trong Tam quc ch: Tin ch mun c Lng, ba ln n, mi gp. Hng ch c La Qun Trung dng thnh cu chuyn kh tinh t. Cn Ngy lc v Cu Chu Xun Thu li ni, Gia Ct Lng ch ng i gp Lu B. Vy, chn tng s vic l th no? Cu chuyn ba ln n lu tranh v sao li c truyn tng mi? Tp trc ni, Lu B sau my ln i li mi gp c Gia Ct Lng, t y c bc ngot, s nghip chuyn bin tng ngy. Nhng vn l ai gp ai. L Lu B l hin h s, hay Gia Ct Lng chy n tm? Lch s ni khc nhau v vn ny. Ngy th v Cu Chu Xun Thu ni sau khi n Kinh chu, Lu B ng qun Phn Thnh. Nm Kin An th XII To Tho bnh nh xong phng bc, Gia Ct Lng tnh rng mc tiu nh ph tip theo ca To Tho s l Kinh chu, Lu Biu th chm chp, khng hiu v qun s, nn Gia Ct Lng ln bc gp B, Lu B khng bit Gia Ct Lng (B v Lng cha quen). Khng my ti ngi tr tui , tip n nh vi mt nhn s ni chung (thy ngi ny t tui, tip n bnh thng). Tr chuyn xong, mi ngi ra v, ch mt mnh Gia Ct Lng lu li, Lu B cng khng hi xem Gia Ct Lng c g mun ni, m thun tay cm th chi kt bng ui b. Gia Ct Lng ni lun, tng qun c hng tm ch ln, l no li chi th tt bng lng ui b? Lu B bit Gia Ct Lng khng phi ngi tm thng, mi ni, sao li ni th! Ti ch lm mt cht cho bun. Gia Ct Lng ni, mong tng qun cho bit Lu Trn Nam (ch Lu Biu) so vi To Tho th th no? Lu B ni, khng bng. Gia Ct Lng li hi th tng qun th sao? Lu B ni, cng khng bng. Gia Ct Lng ni, u khng bng, th chng nh i ngi ta n chu cht

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sao? Lu B ni, ti cng ang bun y, th phi lm g by gi? Gia Ct Lng lin ni mnh, Lu B c kin vi Lu Biu khch l mi ngi t lc cnh sinh, ghi tn vo danh sch nhm tng cng thc lc cho Kinh chu. Cch ni r rng l khc vi Xut s biu ca Gia Ct Lng, v vy Bi Tng Chi cho l khng thc (r rng khng phi Lng i tm B). Nhng ng thi cng thy kh hiu, Bi Tng Chi ni: tuy rng kin khc nhau, hai bn u tin vo cch ni ca mnh, nn ai cng thy l. S thc cng khng c g l, vn s sng t ngay. Cch ni trong Ngy lc v Cu Chu Xun Thu tuy khng cng mt quan im, nhng khng phi l khng c ngi ng h. Nghi cht v ba ln lu tranh ca ngi Lu Khiu tn thnh ni nh vy. Lu Khiu cho rng, nhiu ngi ch bit Lu B cu hin nh kht nc, m khng thy Gia Ct Lng cng rt cn Lu B. Th nht, Gia Ct Lng nht nh s xung ni v Lu B l ng ch m Gia Ct Lng thch chn nht. Nu c nht nh ch Lu B ba ln n lu tranh mi xung ni th chng khc g ni: ngi khng n mi ti ba ln th c i ny ti s lm rung Nam Dng. Nh vy l khng ng. Th hai, Lu B cn nhn ti, nhng trc khi gp Gia Ct Lng, Lu B cn nhiu ngi, tc l cn nhiu hin thn, khng nht thit l cn bng c mt ngi no , cn Gia Ct Lng ch cn mt ngi, mt minh qun, tc l Lu B. Phm vi la chn ca Gia Ct Lng l rt nh, thm ch khng c chn. Th ba, vi s nhy bn ca mnh, Gia Ct Lng pht hin ra Lu B hn l Lu B pht hin ra mnh. V c hi ch n vi Gia Ct Lng, l no Gia Ct Lng chu ngi Long Trung ch ba ln ? V tnh th lc nh nc si la bng, u cn thi gian Gia Ct Lng ra gi Long Trung? V vy Lu Khiu mi ni kh c ai chp nhn c ci logic ba ln n lu tranh. Lu Khiu ni c l, nhng cng khng th ph nhn li trong Xut s biu. Khng c g phi tranh ci v nhng li Gia Ct Lng vit trong Xut s biu (thng gi l trc Xut s biu). , Gia Ct Lng vit rt r: thn vn o vi, lm rung Nam Dng, mong gi c tnh mng trong thi lon, khng cu mong hin t vang danh vi ch hu. Tin khng ch thn qu ma, m h c ti y, ba ln ti lu tranh tm thn, cng thn bn bc. Do thn ly lm cm kch, bng lng bn tu rui rong gip rp tin . Th l qu r rng. Th nht ng l Lu B c n Long Trung tm Gia Ct Lng v n nhiu ln. Th hai, Lu B n Long Trung tm Gia Ct Lng bn chuyn th s. Th ba, Gia Ct Lng quyt nh xung ni ph t Lu B v Lu B ba ln ti lu tranh. Do v bng lng, t rt r rng. ng nhin khng th tin hon ton li t thut ca c nhn, nhng nu ni Gia Ct Lng ba ra cu chuyn ba ln n lu tranh, l khng th, v bn thn Gia Ct Lng l loi ngi no, v tnh hnh thc t lc ra sao. T lc Gia Ct Lng xung ni n lc dng biu ch l hai mi mt nm, nhiu ngi bit chuyn vn cn sng, liu Gia Ct Lng c th ba c khng?

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V vy khi vit chuyn Gia Ct Lng, Trn Th khng ni, Ti ca t tin c m ni Ba ln n lu tranh. Ngoi ra, trong Dng biu Gia Ct Lng tp ca mnh, Trn Th miu t rt r rng. Trn Th ni: T tng qun Lu B thy Lng c ti, nn ba ln n lu tranh tm. Lng cm thy B hng ti kit xut, tip nhn. Th l nguyn nhn v hu qu ht sc r rng. Nhng vn l, ni vy qu l qu mo him, khin ngi ta c cm gic nh chuyn truyn k, nh l ngn nm ch l chc lt. Chng ta mun bit, l no Gia Ct Lng on ra chuyn Lu B Ba ln n lu tranh? nu khng n hoc ch n mt ln th sao? Gia Ct Lng s Long Trung n gi? Hn na, mt ngi lun t snh mnh vi Qun Trng, Nhc Ngh th li Long Trung lm g? Xy dng mt nng thn mi x hi ch ngha chng? Xem ra, cng khng th d dng ph nhn cch ni ca Ngy lc v Cu Chu Xun Thu. Nhng nu mun tip thu Ngy lc v Cu chu xun thu th ng thi cng khng th ph nhn Xut s biu v Tam quc ch. Vy ch c mt kh nng, chp nhn c hai cch ni v n ca t tin c l trc v Ba ln n lu tranh l sau. Tc l Gia Ct Lng n tm Lu B trc, Lu B chp nhn kin ca Gia Ct Lng, nhng vn cha c s coi trng cn thit, do Gia Ct Lng phi quay v. Cho ti khi Lu B thc c gi tr thc s ca Gia Ct Lng, mi phi t mnh, ba ln n lu tranh mi Gia Ct Lng xung ni, chnh v c cht dch dc ln trc, mi phi t mnh, mi phi ba ln n m khng phi mt ln. Nhng lch s cha tng ni ti iu ny bao gi, nn s phng on ny c mnh bo qu khng? Song y vn cn tn ti mt vn , Lu B tng Kinh chu su, by nm lin, t Kin An nm th VI (nm 201) n Kin An nm th XII (nm 207), v sao Lu B v Gia Ct Lng cha h gp mt nhau? C th ni l h cha quen nhau, khng th ni l h cha tng nghe ni v nhau. Mt ngi c ting l Kiu hng thin h nh Lu B, Gia Ct Lng hn nghe. Nu quan im ca Lu Khiu ng th, v sao Gia Ct Lng khng i tm Lu B sm hn, m tn lc nc si la bng mi xung ni? Cng vy, d Gia Ct Lng c im hi lng ting n my th cng khng th sau su nm Lu B mi pht hin ra nhn ti s mt nh vy? C ngi ni, Lu B sm bit Gia Ct Lng, n hai ln nhng khng gp, tn nm Kin An th XII, ln th ba n mi gp. Ni nh vy cng cha ng. Ni trong mt nm i ba ln cn nghe c. Trong su nm i ba ln, nh vy chng? Vi ch tin th v cm gic bc bch nh Lu B c th ko di s vic ngn y nm chng? Cn ni rng Gia Ct Lng rt kn rt kh tm, li cng khng ng. Lu B l loi ngi no? Th h c nhiu chn rt nu quyt tm tm mt ngi, l no li khng tm ra? V Gia Ct Lng u phi l nhn vt thn b, mai danh n tch, trn trnh k th, Gia Ct Lng vn thng i li vi quan li, nhn s, tng lp thng lu Kinh chu, sao khng tm c?

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V im ny Don Vn cng gii thch l: trc ba ln n lu tranh, Lu B tuy c nghe ting Gia Ct Lng, nhng mi ngi nh gi cn cha r. Tuy T M Huy, Bng c cng vv... gi Gia Ct Lng l Nga Long, Gia Ct Lng cng t v mnh nh Qun Trng, Nhc Ngh, nhng y mi ch l vic trong mt nhm ngi cha th tin c, nhiu ngi cha ngh vy (ngi ng thi cha hiu ht), Lu Bi nh gi c phn cha ng. Lc T Th tin c Gia Ct Lng, Lu B lin ni ng cng cng ti, r rng cha thy ht c s ti ba ca Lng. Cng khng c g l l. Ngay nh Lu Biu l ch dng ca Gia Ct Lng, c coi Lng l g u, ni chi ti Lu B? Trong lng Gia Ct Lng cng c ch vng, tc l quan h gia Lu, Quan, Trng mt thit qu. Theo Tam quc ch, Quan V truyn, ba ngi h ng cng ging, n tnh nh anh em, quan h vng cn hn c thp, khng ai c th chen vo c. Cng tc l tp on Lu B, ci tp th nh c tnh loi tr rt mnh, bt k ngi no n sau u khng th ng ln trc; cn Gia Ct Lng mun l quan chp hnh hng u, l thin l m khng th i ko ci xay. Khng c m bo chc chn, Gia Ct Lng quyt khng xung ni. V vy, gia Lu B v Gia Ct Lng cn phi c thi gian hai ngi quan st, tm hiu v thm d ln nhau. Nh vy l c l, Nhng theo ti, cn phi ch ti mt vn khc na, l tui tc. Nn nh rng Lu B hn Gia Ct Lng ng hai mi tui. Gia Ct Lng xung ni lc hai mi su tui. Mun mt ngi bn mi su tui chn thnh cm phc mt ngi hai mi su tui e hi kh. Sao li c th yu cu mt ngi bn mt, bn hai tui hoc bn ba, bn t tui i bi kin mt ngi hai mt hai hai tui hoc hai ba, hai bn tui? Tm li, ch n lc Gia Ct Lng hai mi su tui, Lu B bn su tui, hai bn u cm thy thi gian khng ch i mnh v do mt c duyn no h gp c nhau. S tin c ca T M Huy v T Th l v cng quan trng, mt ln Lu B n thnh gio T M Huy, Huy ni mun thnh i nghip, khng th dng bn mt sch, mt sch th hiu c ci g? Hiu vic i ch c tun kit, Nga Long v Phng S mi l tun kit ca chng ta. Lu B hi h l ai, T M Huy ni, l Gia Ct Lng v Bng Thng. T Th tin c c coi l nguyn nhn trc tip. T Th ni vi Lu B, Gia Ct Khng Minh c th coi l rng n mnh, chng nh tng qun li khng mun n thm? T Th l ngi c Lu B coi trng v tin tng (Tin ch coi trng). Lu B ni, vy mi ngi v tc h n chi! T Th ni, i vi ngi ny khng th ty tin, mong tng qun vt v ti thm vy! Cn mt im na cn ni r, chng ta khng th coi vic lm ca T M Huy v T Th n gin l hnh vi ca c nhn h. Chng ta u bit, Kinh chu l ni c nhiu nhn ti. Ngoi nhn ti ti ch, cn c v s nhn ti t Trung Nguyn n lnh

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nn. S ngi ny lun quan tm n vic ln ca t Nc, n s an nguy ca c Kinh chu. Lc h pht hin thy khng th da vo Lu Biu, th mi k vng u trng mong Lu B, hnh thnh mt cc din c Tam quc ch. Tin ch truyn gi l Ho kit Kinh chu n vi Tin ch ngy mt nhiu; v nhng ngi xung ni (nh T M Huy) s gip Lu B pht hin ra nhn ti. V vy cng c th coi y l li tin c ca tp on nhn s Kinh chu. Cng c th coi y l phc kh n vi Lu B. Bt k xut pht t nguyn nhn no, cu hin nh kht nc cng c, tn nhim T Th cng c, bnh cp phi tm thy cng c, tm li, Lu B c quyt nh chnh xc. Lu B tm gc ci th ca hong tc, ci gi ca trng bi, thn n thm mt ngi ch c chc v g? t hn mnh hng hai mi tui. Trc lc n thm, Gia Ct Lng tm n Lu B cha, chng ta cha bit chnh xc. Trc khi a ra gi thuyt, chng ta ch c th ni, ba ln n lu tranh c th khng nh, n ca t tin c tm thi cn nghi vn. Vn lc ny l, Lu B ba ln n lu tranh u gp c Gia Ct Lng hay ch gp c mt ln? C hc gi (nh Don Vn cng) cho rng gp ba ln, ni chuyn ba ln. C kh nng l nh vy. Xut s biu ca Gia Ct Lng v Dng biu (Gia Ct Lng tp) ca Trn Th, mt ch ni Ba ln gp thn trong lu tranh, mt ch ni Th l ba ln thm Lng trong lu tranh, cng mt y c. Cn nh Gia Ct Lng truyn ni Th l ba ln n, lin gp, cng khng phi l i ba ln mi c gp. Cch dng t c khc nhng u cng mt . V vy, Th l ba ln n, lin gp phi hiu l: tng cng i ba ln, gp mt. Nu ni vy m vn cha r, chng ta c th tham kho cch suy ngh ca ngi thi ng. Ph ni ba ln n my ln bn k thin h, Chu Nh Xng gii thch l my ln cn ni thm khng phi qu nhiu ln. ng nhin l khng phi. V ba ln n khng phi l n mi m phi hiu l thm hi, n hi. Thm ch ba ln n khng nht thit l s thc, khng phi ch c i ba ln, c th hiu l nhiu ln, ht ln ny n ln khc, rt nhiu. C ngha l, nhiu ln Lu B n Long Trung, thnh gio Gia Ct Lng v chuyn th s, hai ngi cng ni cng trng, cng ni cng hp, cui cng Gia Ct Lng quyt nh xung ni ph t Lu B. ng, hai ngi hp tc vi nhau l rt quan trng, lm g c chuyn ch ngi vi nhau mt ln l xong? V vy Lu Huyn c ba ln n lu tranh trong Tam quc din ngha ch l cch din ngha. V th l n ba ln, lin gp l i ba ln mi gp c trong chuyn ca La Qun Trung cng l din ngha. C iu cch din ngha l tinh t, rt c ngha. La Qun Trung sp xp mt s tit mc cho chuyn i u tin ca Lu B, trc ht l nghe ht, ri nhn ni, ri gp tr ngi, ri ngm cnh, ri gp Thi Chu Bnh. Ni l non xanh d thng, cnh l nhn khng chn mt, ngi l dung mo

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ngi ngi, tt c u rt l: ng t cha hiu vic, ngi nng dn bit ca ht, bn b th kinh lun y bng, Lu Bi c tr mt, h ming cm thn khng ngt, cm thy Long Trung l ni thn b, kh lng, ngi n trn g Nga Long nht nh l cao nhn. Ln th hai i, khng cn xem phong cnh m ch xem ngi. Trc tin l thy bn, th n l thy em, th na l thy b v ca Gia Ct Lng. Nu nh ln trc khin Lu B c m mang tm mt, th ln ny khin cho Lu B cng khng yn. Ngh xem, bn ca Gia Ct Lng, ri em trai ri b v u l nhng ngi siu qun thot tc th bn thn Gia Ct Lng l no li khng phi phm? V vy ln th ba Lu B phi chn ngy lnh, tm gi trai gii v thay qun o. Hn na, cch lu c chng na dm xung nga, i b; chp tay, ng i bn ngoi lu c; Gia Ct Lng ng cha dy, Lu B i v li i. Tm tnh thc khc vi ngi l hin h s i mi khch m ng vi mt k si tnh lc n ca cu hn. Lu B ln u n Long Trung c nghe ting ht, ngm nhn ni non, lng d sinh knh n. V vy lc Lu B t m ca phn ni chuyn cng ng t c phn ging nh lc Trng Sinh gp Hng Nng trong Ty sng k. Lc gp Hng Nng, Trng Sinh ni th no? Tiu sinh l Trng Sinh tn Cng, t l Qun Thy, ngi Ty Lc, hai mi ba tui, sinh vo gi T, ngy mi by thng Ging, cha tng c v. Kt qu l Hng Nng ngt li: Ai bo ngi ny n? Lu B ni th no? Hn t tng qun Nghi Thnh nh hu, D Chu mc, hong thc Lu B xin n bi kin tin sinh. Kt qu cng nh gim phi gai: Ti khng th nh c tn nhiu ngi nh vy. Hai trng hp sao m ging nhau n th? ng nhin l ging nhau. Nu nh Thi Oanh Oanh trong tung l i ch trong khu phng th Gia Ct Lng trong tiu thuyt l ch gi ni Long Trung. H u l nhng ngi tm kh cao thng, quyt khng th ty tin trao thn gi phn. V vy, h phi by gi, ni li, nm mi nhm m bo i phng thnh tm, vt mi th thch. Mt khc h cng c ch hi khc nhau. Trng Qun Thy v Thi Oanh Oanh va gp chung tnh; cn Lu Huyn c v Gia Ct Lng, theo La Qun Trung hn v gp nhau qu mun. V sao Lu B li mun gp Gia Ct Lng n vy? Bi v Thy Knh tin sinh gip Lu B hiu rng, nguyn nhn chm thnh cng l bi thiu mt nhn vt c tr tu c th ngi trong trng m vn tr c ton cc, mt Khng Thng v Trng Lng ca thi i. Kh khn lm mi c c T Th th T Th li i mt. K thc, T Th ri Lu B l sau khi Gia Ct Lng xung ni. Tam quc ch ghi chp rt r, sau khi Gia Ct Lng xung ni, To Tho nam chinh, Lu Tn u hng, Lu B a dn chng v min nam, Lng v T Th i theo, To buc phi bt m Th, Tam quc din ngha cha thnh (Nguyn Trc i, mi tin c Gia Ct). Cha nh vy l sinh chuyn. Th hi, T Th bit Gia Ct Lng l

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thin ti chnh tr c bit sao khng sm tin c, khi mnh ra i mi ni? Phi chng T Th s Gia Ct Lng cp mt v tr v vai tr ca mnh chng? R rng La Qun Trung c ngh ti iu ny nn mi ni thm, sau khi tin c Gia Ct Lng, T Th cn n ng vin, thuyt phc, kt qu b Gia Ct Lng mng cho mt trn. Ngha l, v sao T Th khng n tin c sm v T Th bit Gia Ct Lng khng chu xung ni. V nu nh vy th Gia Ct Lng li c vn v phm cht o c. Mt ngi lun t v mnh nh Qun Trng, Nhc Ngh, khi c T Th tin c li t coi mnh l con d th ti, l vt hy sinh v ng ng ni gin, chng phi l qu kiu ngo sao? La Qun Trung mun cao Gia Ct Lng, kt qu li nh trt tru vo mt Gia Ct Lng. C khc g ni Gia Ct Lng a tr nhng qui g, ng l un thng thnh cong. Cu chuyn k phn trn cng nh vy. D cho La Qun Trung c gng ni cho kn k, nhng thc t nhiu ch li ui, khin ai cng thy r nhng bui gp l, gp may ca Lu B Long Trung l u do Gia Ct Lng by t. Th no l ngi nng dn bit ht, ng t chng hiu vic, ngi bn bng y kinh lun, c gi o mo t nhin, u c Gia Ct Lng nh v. Mc ch l, bin th trng bn mua thnh th trng bn bn, khin Lu B phi mua t mnh vi gi cao. V vy cu chuyn ba ln n lu tranh trong Tam quc din ngha hon ton c th coi l cun gio ti v kinh doanh mua bn thi Tam Quc. Lu B trong cu chuyn v nh nh u t, Lu B cn mua t Gia Ct Lng, nhng li cha bit mn hng nh th no. y cng l tm l thng ca con bun, nhng Lu B cng c im mnh, nh Tam quc din ngha ni, vn ling u t ca cng ty Lu gia chnh l chiu bi hong thc ca Lu B; tuy thn phn hong thc khng phi l gi mo, nhng hm lng vng trong cng khng cao, khc g ming tht thm nc. V th Lu B s ngh, danh phn hong thc ca ta khc g ming tht thm nc, cn Gia Ct Lng, Qun Trng, Nhc Ngh kia thc gi bao nhiu? Lu B ta c th lm ri thin h, Gia Ct Lng c th lm ri ta? Cn phi xem thc h th no. V vy, sau khi nghe T Th tin c, Lu B khng h xc ng nh Lu Bang t tng ca mnh. Lu Bang nghe li tin c ca Tiu H phong lun Hn Tn l i tng qun , cn Lu B th th th, xem (ng nhin m quan trong tay Lu B cng khng nhiu). V vy, Lu B ba ln n lu tranh, b ngoi l l hin h s, nhng thc t l kho st, my ca Lu B, mt ngi thng minh nh Gia Ct Lng l no li khng bit? Gia Ct Lng mun Lu B phi hiu, mun bt th phi th, ng quanh cho nn ti. Ti ngh l ba ln n lu tranh trong Bn La Qun Trung l nh vy. ng nhin khng trnh khi c phn Ly bng ca k tiu nhn o lng ngi qun t, y chng qua ch l cht kin c nhn ti. Khng th l kin thi i, cng khng phi l kin lch s v cng khng phi l kin ca La Qun Trung. Vy, v sao La Qun Trung li vit nh th? ti, mt trong nhng nguyn nhn l vit cho hay. Phm xem qua Tam quc din ngha d tin hay khng tin, u tha

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nhn cu chuyn rt tinh t. Mt nguyn nhn khc, La Qun Trung c th gi gm l tng nhn sinh ca mnh vo trong . La Qun Trung l ngi thi cui Nguyn u Minh, nghe ni tng l mc liu ca Trng S Thnh - lnh t ngha qun. Bi s hi bin ca Vng K ni, La Qun Trung c ch xng vng, c iu, trng ch cn cha . V vy, lc vit Tam quc din ngha, khng trnh khi mn ru c nhn vi bt ni su trong lng, gn l tng tm s ca mnh ln ngi nhn vt. Nhng ngi c sch thi c thng c tnh cm vi Gia Ct Lng. H knh phc ti tr ca Gia Ct Lng, ngng m nhn phm ca Gia Ct Lng, cm ng v s cc cung tn ty cho n cht, thng tic Gia Ct Lng Xut s cha thnh th thn cht. Gia h v Gia Ct Lng nh c mt ting ni chung. Vn l, trong lch s s ngi c phm cht u t nh Gia Ct Lng cng khng t, mt s ngi tr thnh thn tng ca nhng ngi c sch, nhng v sao Gia Ct Lng li c sng bi n nh vy? Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn l ch ba ln n lu tranh. Nhng ngi c sch thi c Trung Quc thng c mu thun v mt tm l. Mt mt h hi vng mnh s l tng soi, xy dng c nghip, ch t cng c mt chc quan no , hng rng r t tin. Mt khc h li rt thanh cao mm yu, khng mun va chm, khng chu c s lnh nht. ng vy, Nam nhi tnh rt thn trng, nhng li cng mun c li mi ca thin t. Nhng th nh c hi, chc v, m sa khng phi t mnh i cu, i xin, m tt nht l do ch nhn cung knh mang ti, vi kiu tm ngi khnh, mi bn xung ni. Gia Ct Lng c i ng nh vy. Gia Ct Lng c Lu B mi xung ni, mi ti ba ln, thc xng ng. Mi ngi rt hm m, rt mun hng ti, v vy cn phi ni nhiu, ni mi. Ngi c sch chng c quyn lc g, nu c ch l quyn c ni. Vy, cn khng nhanh chng vit thnh vn thnh bi? Ba ln n lu tranh ca La Qun Trung bn ra i nh vy. Nhng tic l Gia Ct Lng ca La Qun Trung chc g l Gia Ct Lng thc. S gp g gia vua ti Lu B v Gia Ct Lng, l Lu B ba ln n lu tranh, hay Gia Ct Lng n ca t tin c v Lu B c i ba ln, gp mt ba ln, ni chuyn ba ln hay khng, u khng quan trng, iu quan trng l h ni nhng g. Nu ng l h ni chuyn nhiu ln th chng ta by gi khng hon ton v chnh xc bit c h ni nhng g. iu m chng ta c th bit ch l nhng kin c tnh kt lun nh bn Long Trung i ni ting. Thin ti chnh tr ca Gia Ct Lng c th hin ht sc lm li v tng tn. Cuc tr chuyn gia hai ngi cng y kh th, hp dn chng khc g Lu Huyn c ba ln n lu tranh ca La Qun Trung. iu c ngha hn na, l t nm Kin An th V (nm 200) tc l trc lc Tn Quyn - Lu B gp nhau chng by nm, c ngi xut quy hoch chin lc nh vy cho Tn Quyn, c gi l Tn Quyn bn hoc Long Trung i theo

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ng Ng bn. Ngi ny cng nh Gia Ct Lng tng d on Thin h chia ba. Vy ngi l ai? Tn Quyn bn hoc Long Trung i theo ng Ng bn ca ngi ny c g hay ho hoc ging v khc nhau vi Long Trung i ca Gia Ct Lng? Tp th mi by: LONG TRUNG I SCH Lu Huyn c ba ln n lu tranh, cng Gia Ct Lng bn tnh nhiu v tnh hnh thin h v xu th sp ti. Trong cuc gp c tnh lch s , Gia Ct Lng v Lu B ra quy hoch chin lc lu di, c gi l Long Trung i ni ting. Thc ra trc cng c ngi vch ra quy hoch tng t cho Tn Quyn, l Long Trung i ng Ng bn. Vy, ngha hai bn quy hoch chin lc l g, ging v khc nhau im no ? tp ny chng ta ni v Long Trung i. y l cuc hi m b mt gia Lu B v Gia Ct Lng, bn hi bn p. Tam quc ch. Gia Ct Lng truyn ni rt r v tnh hnh bui ni chuyn ny - xin ni li, khng h c mt ngi khc. V sao ni dung cuc hi m ny li truyn ra ngoi, n nay vn cn l cu . Lu B hi trc Hn tht suy sp, gian thn i mng, cha thng m mui. C cha c lc, nhng vn mun thin h tin vo i ngha, nhng tr thut nng cn, nn b nghing cho n hm nay. Nhng ch vn cha thi, mu k phi t u?. My li trn tuy khng nhiu, nhng t li rt phong ph. Ngay phn m u cng khng n gin, vn vn ch c mi hai ch, b ngoi l bnh thng, nhng khng phi th. Lu B cn phi ni nh vy, vi danh ngha l dng di tht, khng th khng th hin thi lo lng v thin h, lp trng gn b vi hong tht. Vi tin chnh tr chnh xc nh vy th vic xy dng i nghip ca mnh mi hp tnh hp l; mi ngi khi gp kh khn cn ngi gip mi c mi ngi ng tnh. Hung chi Lu B cn mun gi gm mi hy vng ca mnh vo Gia Ct Lng. Lu B n Long Trung khng phi tm nhn ti c k thut gii quyt cc vn c th m mun tm c nhn ti nh c ng li chnh tr v chin lc tng th, tt nhin Lu B phi bt u t i th thin h. My li sau cng c tc dng, tc l ni r tnh th, tuyn b quyt tm, th hin thnh v nu vn . Lu B thc lng ni ra: tnh hnh lc ny l khng tt (cn r lm ba), nhng cng chng cn cch g (tr thut nng cn), nhng vn cn sng, tm cha cht (ch cha h mt), vy xin hi phi lm th no (ngi c k g hay xin cho bit)? ng nhin l Gia Ct Lng bit r nhng iu . Gia Ct Lng hiu tm tnh Lu B, bit Lu Bi chn tnh, ng thi cng hiu r ci gi l mu k tnh t u, khng phi mun hi hong thng m mui th s phi lm g m l n nay

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Lu B vn cha nh c k sch. Th l Gia Ct Lng phn tch tnh th vi Lu B. L tnh th g?. L t ng Trc ti nay, ho kit ni dy khp ni, nhng ngi c a bn xuyn chu xuyn qun khng k xit. t cu ni thc qu r rng, tc l, Hn tht khuynh o, gian thn i mng, cha thng m mui khng phi vn ln nht hin nay, m hin nay mi ngi ang ginh nhau a bn. i Hn chng ta ang tin vo thi i ua tranh ginh git, chim c a bn, k g n sng cht ca hong . Lc ny m ni ti khng i tri chung vi Hn tc l ph li, chng c ngha g, trc mt phi ginh ly mt mnh cn c cho ring mnh. a bn l ci cn thit. Bt k l bn mun hay khng khi phc Hn tht nhng nu khng c cn c th y ch l li ni sung! Vy mt ngi tay trng, chng c g nh Lu B, cng c th c c a bn sao? C th, Gia Ct Lng ni: v danh ting v s ngi To Tho u km Vin Thiu, nhng Tho c th thng Thiu, yu thng mnh, khng ch c thin thi m cn c mu ngi na. iu ny cng rt r rng, tc l mnh thng yu; c, khng, lun c chuyn ha. K mnh c th thnh yu, k yu c th bin thnh mnh. Nm To Tho so vi Vin Thiu khc no tng qun lc ny snh vi To Tho, c coi l danh ting v s ngi u km. Th m Tho c th thng Thiu, vy, v sao tng qun li khng th thng To Tho? Mu cht th nht l phi nm ly thi c (thin thi), hai l gii ng quy hoch (mu ngi)! Gia Ct Lng bt u tm mu vch k gip Lu B. To Tho Qun c trm vn, p thin t lnh ch hu, chng ta khng th nh vo im (khng th tranh hn im ny). Tn Quyn c c Giang ng ba i, t him dn theo, bit dng hin ti, khng th ly c, ch c th lin kt (c th gip nhau, khng th dit) Ch c Kinh chu v ch chu l c th ra tay. Kinh chu bao gm Nam Dng, Nam qun, Giang H, Linh Lng, Qu Dng, Trng Sa, V Lng (Chng Lng b ph khng tnh). Kinh chu, pha bc l Hn Thy, Min Thy (bc c Hn, Min), pha nam l Qung ng Qung Ty (ra tn Nam Hi), pha ng lin vi Giang T Trit Giang (ng lin Ng Ci), pha ty thng n Trng Khnh, T Xuyn (ty thng Ba Thc), ng l t dng v. Nu ly c mt ni nh vy th c vn c s linh hot hn ln. Vy c th ly c khng? C th. Bi v ch nhn ca n khng th gi ni. ng l tri ban cho tng qun ( l tri ban cho tng qun), nhng phi xem xem tng qun c cn khng (tng qun c mun ly khng). y l iu r rng cn phi hi v y cng l li ngh thc ni thc. Lu B lc ny, trn, khng c g che nng che ma, di, mt tc t cm di cng khng, gi c c mt ni no th cng hay, hung h y li l Kinh chu, lm g c l khng mun ly? Nhng Gia Ct Lng cn phi hi nh vy, v Kinh chu l a bn ca Lu Biu, Lu B v Lu Biu cng h Lu, lm g c chuyn ngi nh li ly ca nhau? V vy cn phi ni r, l tri ban cho tng qun v ch nhn ca n khng th gi ni; v cng cn phi hi thm: Tng qun c mun ly hay khng, bi v nu

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bn khng mun th ngi khc s mun. p n tuy khng ni nhng hiu, v vy cng khng cn phi tr li r rng. Tnh hnh ch chu cng gn nh vy. ch chu bao gm Hn Trung, Qung Hn, Ba qun, Thc qun. v.v... Vng ny l t him vi ngoi v l t lnh vi trong. Bnh nguyn Hn Trung v bnh nguyn Thnh t ai ngn dm, ph nhiu mu m. Cao hong (Lu Bang) dng nn c nghip ti chnh ni y (c th l Hn Trung). Nhng Lu Chng Thnh cng c, Trng L Hn Trung cng c, u l ch nc giu dn mnh, khng bit ti ngho kh, v vy nhiu nhn s ti gii mun c c vua hin. Cng c ngha l, gn nh vng ny cng l tri ban cho tng qun, c iu phi ra tay m chim ly. Ly c Kinh chu v ch chu ri th no na? Gia Ct Lng ni, v i thn phn l dng di tht, vi danh vng (tn ngha ri khp bn bin) ca tng qun, thm vo l sc hiu triu thu tm anh hng, cu hin nh kht nc, mt khi c c Kinh chu v ch chu, ta c th xy dng mt cn c a. Sau khi c cn c a, ch cn thc hin chnh sch ty ha vi cc Nhung, Nam ph d Di Vit, ngoi kt vi Tn Quyn, trong sa sang chnh s, c th pht trin s nghip, m rng lc lng. Sau ny mt khi lc lng thay i (thin h c bin), c th phi mt vin i tng xut pht t Kinh chu, qua ng Uyn Thnh thng ti Lc Dng; cn tng qun c th t ch chu ln bc, qua ng Tn Xuyn thng ti Ty An. Ti lc , nhn dn trm h s em cm ru ko ra ng hoan nghnh chng ta (trm h u dm khng mang cm ru ra nghnh n tng qun)? Cui cng Gia Ct Lng ni: nu c vy th b nghip s thnh, Hn tht c phc hng. My li chng khc g chn ru nng, Lu B nh trong m cht tnh, bng thy sng sa. Th ra b nghip hay nghip u c thc hin nh vy. C iu, vic thc hin mc tiu cui cng cn phi c tin , l thin h c bin. Vy, khi thin h khng c bin th sao? nh phi gi mi Kinh chu v ch chu vy! C c a bn ln nh vy l dng. Nh vy theo li Gia Ct Lng, Lu B tin c th thng nht Trung Hoa, thoi c th chia ba thin h, nghip khng thnh cn c b nghip, b nghip khng thnh cn c s nghip. Chng trch Lu B ni: c c Khng Minh nh c c nc. Lu B c th nh c chp vt long mn, ch cn Gia Ct Lng bo cho bit nc u! Gia Ct Lng c th a nc n cho Lu B v Gia Ct Lng rt thc t. Khng phi Lu B c biu hin thng nc thng dn m Gia Ct Lng ha theo, cao ging ht bi o c, Gia Ct Lng ch a ra cho Lu B mt phng n thc t v kh thi. Thc t chng minh, tnh th pht trin sau ny hon ton nh d liu ca Gia Ct Lng. V vy cc s gia tng bnh lun, Gia Ct Lng cha ra khi Long Trung bit thin h s chia ba, thm ch c ngi cho rng cha ra khi Long Trung nh chia ba thin h. ng nhin cui cng th mc tiu phc hng Hn tht

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cha thc hin c, nu khng th Lu B n Lc Dng hoc Ty An lm hong , lch s Trung Quc li c thm tn Hu Hu Hn . Lu B ba ln n lu tranh mi c Gia Ct Lng, t Lu B c c mt v tng thit k s khin Lu B t ch tay trng c c thin h chia ba. Nhng Gia Ct Lng t sau khi ra khi Long Trung ch l c vn ring cho Lu B, cng Lu B tnh cm ngy mt nng thm, cha h c chc v g c th. V khng l v iu . Th nht, Lu B vn ch l t lnh khng c qun, th d c phong cho Gia Ct Lng chc v Thng hiu on ph i na, cng c ngha g? Th hai, Gia Ct Lng lc ny vn ch l bn vic qun trn giy, cha h c thao tc thc t no th hin c nng lc x l cng vic c th, Lu B sao c th ban chc v cho Gia Ct Lng? Th ba, mu, thin h chia ba ca Gia Ct Lng lc ny cng mi ch l s trn giy, cha c phng n thc thi. V d ni, ly v thay th Lu Biu, nhng ly th no, thay th ra sao, cha c bin php c th. Cng khng phi Gia Ct Lng cha c bin php, m cn phi c c hi, cui cng th Lu Biu cng l ng tng vi Lu B, Lu B vn l khch ca Lu Biu. Lu B vn khng mun nh tu h cp t qu, cng khng th cng khai cm gy i cp! V Lu B cng chng c kh nng . Cng vy, bn pha Gia Ct Lng cng gp nhng tr ngi. Cui cng th Lu Biu cng l ch dng ca v Gia Ct Lng. Gia Ct Lng l chu r ngoi ca v Lu Biu. D c vch mu tm k cho Lu B th cng khng th Lu B mu st Lu Biu. Tc l Lu B ch c th ly cho kho, khng th cng ot. Gia Ct Lng mun Lu B nhn c la m cp, m la cng khng phi do mnh to nn. Long Trung Gia Ct Lng ni rt r iu ny: L nc c th dng v m ch khng gi c, chnh l tri ban cho tng qun, tng qun c chng?. Ni nh vy l r rng: Ti khng mun ngi i cp a bn ca ngi khc, bi v ngi khng gi ni, tri xanh mi ban cho ngi, th ngi ng chi pht, ch ct l ngi cn hay khng cn. Nhng ni ny cng khng phi chng ta mun c l c, phi ch ti lc ch n khng gi ni, phi a n ca cho chng ta. Vy ngi ta khng a ti ca th sao? Gia Ct Lng khng ni, c th c phi ch. V c th ny th ngi ta phi lo n cht mt? Ngay c La Qun Trung cng ngh ti im ny. V vy mi T M Huy ni vi Lu B, ti xem mnh, li ht trong dn gian cng m ch, chng bao lu na Lu Biu s ra i, thin mnh u ri vo ngi tng qun. ng nhin l li ma li qu, nhng vic Lu Biu mt Kinh chu l tht. Gia Ct Lng nhn ra im ny, nhng ngi khc cng thy. S thc th ngay t nm Kin An th V (nm 200), tc l by nm trc lc Lu B v Gia Ct Lng gp nhau, c ngi lp quy hoch chin lc tng t cho Tn Quyn v quan im ging ht nh Long Trung i ca Gia Ct Lng. Vy ngi l ai? L L Tc.

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Ni n L Tc, chng ta u chu nh hng ca Tam quc din ngha, lun c cm gic L Tc l ngi trung hu thc th gn nh v dng, thc ra khng phi th. Trong lch s, L Tc l ngi ho sng hip ngha, c mi ngi qu mn. Ch dn Ng th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. L Tc truyn ni, L Tc c th mo khi v, khng ho nhong, c nhiu k l, truyn cn k L Tc hay lm t thin. Gia cnh th giu c sung tc, nn L Tc khng nhn vic nc thu vn (khng lo vic nh), li thng pht tn ti sn, tip t ngi ngho, tr gip anh hng. Lc Chu Du l huyn trng C So (nay l huyn So, An Huy) tng mn qun lng ch L Tc. Trong nh L Tc c hai va thc ln, mi va ng chng ba ngn thch, L Tc ch vo mt va tng Chu Du. y l chuyn Tng c va thc ni ting. T Chu Du v L Tc tr thnh b bn. Vi ngh v tin c ca Chu Du, L Tc n vi Tn Quyn, cng vi Trng Chiu v Chu Du, L Tc c tn nhim nht, v trn thc t L Tc cn c tc dng hn c Trng Chiu. L Tc cng l ngi c u c chnh tr. Sau khi L Tc chy n vi Tn Quyn, Tn Quyn tip kin ngay v hai ngi c bui va ung ru va mt m (ngi cng ging ung ru). Bui mt m c gi l L Tc bn hoc Long Trung i ng Ng bn. Lc Tn Quyn hi, nay Hn tht nghing , bn phng ni dy , Tn m k tha c nghip ca cha anh, nhng cng mun dng nn b nghip nh T Hon cng, Tn Vn cng (mun lp nn cng trng nh Hon Vn) Tin sinh coi trng Tn m, khng bit c bin php g, Tn m xin c ch gio (qun trng mun c ch bo). Cng ging nh cu hi ca Lu B vy, nhng L Tc gii mt go nc lnh ngay ti trn. Ni, ch s tng qun khng c nh T Hon cng v Tn Vn cng. Nh nm , Cao Hong (Lu Bang) cng mun tn phng Ngha thnh b nghip, nhng khng xong, bi c Hng V cn ng. To Tho ngy nay chnh l Hng V nm no. To Tho cn th tng qun sao c th tr thnh T Hon, Tn Vn? Nhng nh vy khng c ngha l khng th lm c vic g? Khng thnh c T Hon v Tn Vn th lm g? Th lm hong ! Tip L Tc ni thm hai cu rt quan trng: Hn tht khng th phc hng, To Tho khng th loi b. Hn vng triu khng cn hy vng g. Cn To Tho, cng khng th loi b mt sm mt chiu. V vy k ca tng qun l Giang ng thnh chn vc, nhn thin h tan v. Thin h c tan v khng? C. V min bc sinh lm chuyn, lm chuyn tt tan v. Ch khi min bc sinh chuyn, chng ta s hng v hng ty, dit Hong T, nh Lu Biu, chim trn lu vc Trng Giang (nhn nhiu chuyn m tr Hong T, tin nh Lu Biu, chim trn lu vc Trng Giang). Ti tng qun c th xng , ly thin h. Ging nh c nghip Cao hong !

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ng nhin, y l cnh tng hng v. Nhng vo nm Kin An th V (nm 200), vi L Tc ch c th ni nh vy; vi Tn Quyn cng ch c th nghe nh vy, lc Tn Quyn mi mi tm tui, vn l v thnh nin v theo quy ch, con trai hai mi tui mi lm l i m. Tn Quyn ngi cha yn ch v mi ln thay ngi anh l Tn Sch. (Tam quc ch. Ng ch truyn) ni, ni thm him cha theo ht, anh ho thin h cn chu, qun, nhn s tn khch n nh cn lo ngh v s an nguy, qun thn cha c bn cht. Hai ngi anh h ca Tn Quyn cn gi tr bn di. Tn Ph cu kt ngm vi To Tho, Tn Ho lp mu ot quyn, vi ni b sut mt n nh, Tn Quyn cn bng d no thc hin c m nh Kinh chu lm hong ? M d c d tm th cng khng sc, lc. V vy Tn Quyn chng mn m g, ch ni: Nay c c gng gi ph t nh Hn, cha th theo c li . R rng l my li khch so, nhng cng ch c th ni nh vy. ng ngh l Tn Quyn cn t tui, v mt chnh tr Tn Quyn kh chn chn. Nhng vo nm Kin An th XIII (nm 208) tnh hnh khc trc. Lc ny Tn Quyn khng ch c d tm m cn sc, lc. C ngi nhc ti quy hoch m L Tc tng ni v ch trng thc thi ngay, ngi l Cam Ninh. Cam Ninh t Hng B, ngi Lm Giang, Ba qun. Tam quc ch. Cam Ninh truyn ni, Ninh lc b khe mnh, giao du vi hip khch, t tp thnh hi Khinh bc thiu nin, t lm lnh t, ko b kt ng, sut ngy lang thang. Gp bt k ai, tt th kt bn, khng th cp bc. Ng th ni Ninh git ngi nh nge, trn nh ba bi, ni ting khp qun; mi lc ra ngoi thng l Trn b th xe nga nghnh ngang, di nc thuyn b tp np, theo chn l nhng ngi n mc la l, trng nh mt di sng, lc thuyn neo u, ly t la kt lm thng buc, lc ra i th ct t v b lun (lc lu li th ly t la buc thuyn, lc ra i th ct t v vt b). Xem ra Ninh l k mnh chn khe tay lun honh hnh b o hoc Ninh l trm x hi en thch p v chi tri. V sau Cam Ninh bng ci t quy chnh. Ninh khng v vt cp bc na, bt u c sch thch c Ch T. Lc ny Cam Ninh t thy khng th sng ba bi nh hi tr, nn lm nhng vic xng ng hn, mi chy sang ch Lu Biu. Nhng Lu Biu khng ly lm iu (khng nhim dng), Cam Ninh li chy sang ch Hong T. T cng vy, khng lu tm. Cam Ninh chy n vi Tn Quyn. Lc Cam Ninh chy n vi Tn Quyn l lc no. T tr thng gim kho d ni, khng cn ngy thng lm cn c, ng nhin, chng ta khng th bit c. Nhng chng ta u bit, chnh Chu Du v L Mng tin c Cam Ninh vi Tn Quyn; Tn Quyn cng thm qu mn Cam Ninh nh cc cu thn. Ma xun nm Kin An th XIII (nm 208), Cam Ninh hin k cho Tn Quyn. Theo Tam quc ch. Cam Ninh truyn, Cam Ninh ni vi Tn Quyn, lc ny vn nc vng triu i Hn suy sp (vn Hn ngy mt yu). To Tho cng ngy mt i n

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cung (To Tho sinh kiu), cui cng thnh quc tc (mun cp ngi). Vng Kinh chu ni non him tr, sng nc lu thng, l bnh phong che chn pha ty ng Ng (th gi pha ty). Thn tng l th h ca Lu Biu, thn thy Lu Biu chng c mu su k xa g (khng bit nhn xa), ngi ni nghip li cng km (con ci km ci), khng th gi c vng (ngi k tha khng c nng lc). Tng qun nn ra tay trc, ng tt hu so vi To Tho (nn lm sm, khng th sau To Tho). Cc bc c th, tiu dit Hong T trc, sau m thng ng, tha thng tin xung pha ty. Lc ny tri t thnh thang nu mun chim Ba qun, Thc qun, c ch chu na, chng c g l kh (ph xong qun T, thng xung pha ty n S quan, i th mnh ly dn Ba Thc). t ca Cam Ninh ging vi suy ngh ca L Tc, nhng c phn c th hn, ng c xem l phng n thc thi ca Long Trung i L Tc bn. n lc ny chng ta c bn bn Long Trung i. Th nht, Th Th tng ni p thin t lnh ch hu, tch thm binh m, nh k khng theo l Vin Thiu bn. Th hai, Mao Gii ni, Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc, lo cy cy tch qun lng, l To Tho bn. Gi l Long Trung i v u l quy hoch chin lc thc hin nghip b vng. T ngha trn m rng ra c th gi l Long Trung i, ng nhin so vi Long Trung i ca Gia Ct Lng cn khc xa. Xng ng vi Long Trung i na, cn c quy hoch ca L Tc. Quy hoch ca L Tc v quy hoch ca Gia Ct Lng a cho Lu B, c xem l anh hng d gp nhau, l cng li nhng khc khc. C hai phng n u cho rng To Tho l k ch mnh (khng th ginh ln trc) v kh i ph nht (khng th loi b). ng thi c L Tc v Gia Ct Lng u nhn r, lc lng ca mnh cn nh v yu, i nghip thng nht kh hon thnh c ngay, v vy u ch trng trc ht phi chia ba thin h. l im ging nhau quan trng trong hai phng n, thc t th tp on Tn Quyn v tp on Lu B, v c bn u thc thi theo quy hoch ca hai ngi, v sau, trong hai tp on, quan h gia L Tc v Gia Ct Lng l tt nht, mt nguyn nhn quan trng l, h c cng quan im cng ch trng. Nhng trong hai phng n cng c nhiu ch khc nhau. Th nht, L Tc chia ba l Tn Quyn, Lu Biu, To Tho; Gia Ct Lng chia ba l Lu B, Tn Quyn, To Tho. Cng khng c g l l. Gia Ct Lng quy hoch cho Lu B, gip Lu B ly Kinh chu, ng nhin Lu Biu s khng c phn; cn lc L Tc quy hoch cho Tn Quyn, Lu B cn l ngi n u nh, nn khng ngh n Lu B, nhng sau khi Lu Biu qua i, L Tc iu chnh chin lc, ch trng lin hp vi Lu B, chng To Tho. Th hai, mc tiu ca Gia Ct Lng l Hn tht c th hng, cn L Tc th ni thng Hn tht khng th phc hng. Lp trng khc nhau dn n im ny. S thc th trong lng h u r, nh Hn ca Lu T hoc Lu Hip u khng th vc dy ni. Nhng L Tc l ngi ca Tn Quyn, nn c th ni thng dng kiu

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vng ly thin h. Cn Gia Ct Lng th khng c ch c th ging cao ngn c phc hng Hn tht, v sau khi c iu kin s bn tip. Chng khc g Tun c i m cao cho To Tho, iu ny tr thnh gnh nng chnh tr i vi Gia Ct Lng, chng ta s cn bn tip. Th ba, phng n thc thi ca L Tc l ot Kinh chu ri chim ch chu, t chia ba m thnh hai, tc l bin Tam Quc thnh Nam Bc triu; phng n thc thi ca Gia Ct Lng l lin hp vi Tn Quyn, chim lnh Kinh, ch, ch khi To Tho v Tn Quyn tht bi s ng tin ln bc, v bin Tam quc thnh ng Ty Hn. Chia ba ca L Tc l thi hin ti, chia ba ca Gia Ct Lng l thi tng lai. Nhng c hai u mun nh Kinh chu. Kin ngh ca Cam Ninh dn ti bc th nht. Nhng Trng Chiu mu thn hng u ca Tn Quyn li t phn i. Trng Chiu ni, tnh hnh ca chng ta khng lc quan nh vy (nc Ng c kh khn), cn phi lu tm thn trng. Mt khi i qun xut pht th e tai ha s n ngay (nu qun i th tt lon). Cam Ninh phn ng li ngay, t nc coi cc h nh Tiu H, c chi li khip s, rt u rt c? V sao Trng Chiu v Cam Ninh li ni nng nh vy? Thi ca Tn Quyn ra sao? Kt qu vic s nh th no? Tp th mi tm: C NGHIP GIANG NG Long Trung i ca Gia Ct Lng ni, tp on Tn Quyn c th vin m khng th ly Long Trung i theo bn L Tc th cho rng h c th Dng hiu vng ly thin h. S thc th tp on Giang ng do Tn Quyn cm u cng l mt chn khng th thiu trong chic nh Tam Quc., Vy, y s l mt chnh quyn nh th no? tp trc chng ta ni, lc Long Trung, Gia Ct Lng vch ra quy hoch chin lc cho Lu B, l tip qun Kinh chu, chim lnh ch chu, lin hip vi Tn Quyn chng li To Tho, chia ba thin h trc v sau l thng nht. By nm trc , L Tc cng vch ra quy hoch chin lc cho Tn Quyn, ly Kinh chu trc, ri ly ch chu v do chia ba m thnh hai, cng To Tho vch sng tr, sau mi tm n thng nht. Giang ng r rng l chuyn phi ni ti. Trc ht phi lm r li ch ca tp on ng ti a bn ny. Trong Long Trung i ca mnh, Gia Ct Lng phn on v m t chun xc v im ny: Tn Quyn Giang ng, c ba i, t him dn theo, s dng hin nng, ch c th vin m khng th ly. Giang ng chng l vng t pha nam sng Trng Giang thuc ba tnh Giang T, Trit Giang, An Huy. V Trng Giang l nhnh sng hp tn pha bc gia Vu H v Nam Kinh, ngi xa gi hai b ca con sng ny l Giang ng v Giang Ty gi H Nam ngy nay l Giang Nam. V vy

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tp on Giang ng l chnh quyn ct c qua hai i v ba th h. Tn Kin l ngi sng lp, Tn Sch l ngi t nn mng v Tn Quyn l lnh t xng ng. Tn Kin t Vn i, ngi Ph Xun Ng qun (nay l Ph Dng, Trit Giang. Tam quc ch ni, Tn Kin l chu cht ca Tn V, e cha ng; nhng Ng th ni, gia tc h Tn lu i lm quan, chng nh ng. Tn Kin t nh gan d gii giang hn ngi. Nm mi by tui, Kin cng cha ngi thuyn i Tin ng, gia ng gp l cp bin ang chia chc nhng th cp c trn b, thuyn b u khng dm i tip. Tn Kin ni, c th cho l cp b ny mt trn, ri xch ao ln b ch ch tr tr, ging nh ang ch huy qun lnh. L cp tng quan binh ti tho chy. Tn Kin lin truy ui, tm c mt tn cht u ri mi quay li. T , Tn Kin ni ting, c quan ph b nhim lm i l huyn y (Cc trng cng an huyn cp ph), v sau thng ln Huyn tha (ph huyn trng). Nhng mi ti trn chin nh ng Trc, ngi thin h mi nhn nhn Tn Kin. Nh phn trc ni, by gi ngha qun Quan ng thnh lp lin minh do Vin Thiu cm u, nhng lin qun sut ngy ch ru ch, bi bc, khng c ch tin th, ch c hai ngi bit lo cho dn cho nc, ra qun chin u l Phn V tng qun To Tho v Thi th Trng Sa Tn Kin. To Tho b ng Trc nh bi. Ring Tn Kin th uy phong lm lit, u tr cao vi. Ai dm ngn Tn Kin, ai lm vng chn Tn Kin ngi s b dit. Kinh chu Tn Kin git Vng Du Th s Kinh chu vi ti danh khng bit g (ni nng khinh xut vi Tn Kin); Nam Dng Tn Kin git Trng T Thi th Nam Dng vi ti danh khng lm g (khng nghim tr qun, vt t khng , ngha qun tr ni, qun gic ti nh). Th l c qun chn ng, nh u thng , qun lnh Tn Kin ca vang trn ng, t tin mnh m, cui cng i ph qun Trc vng L Dng (nay l huyn L Sn, H Nam), git c Hoa Hng ca ng Trc (khng phi Quan V git). Lc ny ny sinh ra hai khc mc nh. Mt l Vin Thut nghe li gim khng chuyn lng cho Tn Kin. Ngay m Tn Kin vt hng trm dm ng n gp Vin Thut. Tn Kin ni, Tn Kin ti i trc khng c on, i sau khng c th vi ng Trc, s d ti ra sc nh ng Trc l trc mun git gic cho t nc, sau bo th cho tng qun (ng Trc git hi c nh Vin Thut), vy v sao tng qun cn nghi k Tn Kin ny? Vin Thut cm thy ngng ngng v cho iu qun lng ngay. Th hai, ng Trc thy Tn Kin kiu dng cho ngi n cu ha v ha thn. Tn Kin ni, ng Trc ti c ty nh, c cht cng cha ht ti. Nu Tn m ny khng dit c ba h hn, khng treo c u hn, lm rn cho thin h, e khi cht s khng nhm c mt, ni chi ti chuyn ha thn! Tn Kin lin khua ching g trng, tin thng n hang ni cch Lc Dng chng mi chn dm, ng Trc s qu, lin p hong cng trm quan, dn chng trm h, vng ng Lc Dng chy thng v Ty An. D s cn ghi, sau khi vo Lc Dng, Tn Ki n tm thy ming ngc t truyn quc t thi Hn trong cung. V sau ming ngc t b

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Vin Thut cp mt, tr thnh mt chng c sau ny Vin Thut xng . Tn Kin khng h l anh hng thi lon lc . Tic thay anh hng cng c bnh ca anh hng, bnh kiu ngo. V khinh ch, nn trong trn chin vi Hong T, Tn Kin n phng c m ri vo him trn v b git lc mi ba mi by tui. K tha c nghip l Tn Sch - con c ca Tn Kin, lc mi tm tui. Tn Sch t B Ph, anh v ging cha, l mt mu nhn ti, r rng l anh hng nh tui, ngi ta gi Tn Sch l Tn soi ca (h l Tn lang). Lc thi th Ng qun l Ha Cng dng th ln triu nh, ni Tn Sch rt ging vi Ty S b vng Hng V nm no (Tn Sch kiu hng rt ging vi Hng Tch, nn ngi ngi mi gi l tiu b vng, c ngha l Tiu Hng V. Ti thy Tn Sch cn ng yu hn c Hng V. Tam quc ch. Tn Sch truyn ni, Tn Sch dng ngi p v cng thch p (t th nhan sc u p), thch pha tr (ni chuyn vui), tnh cch phng khong (tnh khong t), nghe lt tai nhng kin khc nhau (chu nghe), cn gii dng ngi, v vy ai ai cng ht lng, Vui v cho n cht. l nhng u im m Hng V khng c. Chng ta u bit Hng V khng bit dng ngi. Lc tng kt nhng nguyn nhn khin mnh thnh cng, Lu Bang c mt cu: Hng V c Phm Tng m khng bit dng, li ta tm c. Bn pha Tn Sch th nhn ti ng c. Trnh Ph, Hong Ci l lo thn ca Tn Kin, cn Chu Du, Trng Chiu l i ng ca Tn Sch. Trng Chiu t T B ngi Bnh Thnh (nay l th trn T Chu, Giang T). Trng Chiu thng minh ham hc lu thng kinh s, ch vit rt p. Tam quc ch. Trng Chiu truyn ni, bui u lp nghip, Tn Sch Trng Chiu l Trng s (b th trng), Ph qun trung lang tng (l tng qun hai ngn thch). Mi vic v qun s u do Chiu x l. Trng Chiu tng trng coi mi vic, ting tm tng i ln, v vy s i phu phng bc, lun c th quy cng lao cho Trng Chiu. Trng Chiu thy khng yn, nhng khng bit phi lm th no. Bo vi Tn Sch th khc g l khoe khoang; yn lng, li s b nghi l n hai lng. Sau khi bit c vic ny Tn Sch ly lm mng. Tn Sch lin k mt cu chuyn, chuyn rng nm T Hon cng coi Qun Trng nh cha vy, xng l trng ph (tc thc ph), mi vic i s quc gia u giao cho Qun Trng. Thuc h c vic g hi, Hon cng u bo i bo vi Trng ph. Nu hi tip li ni i bo vi Trng ph. Bn cnh c ngi ni, mt bo vi Trng ph, hai, bo vi Trng ph, lm vua cng d dng vy sao! Hon cng ni, lm vua c lc mt mi, c lc nhn nh. Mt mi lc cu hin, nhn nh lc c ngi. Lc cha c Trng ph, ta rt kh khn; lc c Trng ph th lm vua rt d. V vy, Tn Sch mi ci, ni, chnh v Hon cng mt l Trng ph, hai cng l Trng ph, nn mi thnh b nghip. Lc ny, T B chnh l i hin tr l t nc! Ta dng T B, l no y chng phi l cng lao v danh ting ca ta.

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mi l anh hng chn chnh! Phi mnh bo i kh v thng minh. Nn nh rng, l b h s nht cng cao hn ch, hoc s nht l b ngi khc cho l cng cao hn ch. Trong thc t, khng t ngi lnh o hoi nghi b h, ghen ght ngi hin nng, nh Vin Thiu y. Nhng ngi nh vy ch c th dng c nhng ngi km hn mnh, ch c th lm c mt cht g . Nu gp phi nhng ngi nh To Tho v Tn Sch th ch c th tht bi. Ch trong mt thi gian ngn ngi, Tn Sch ginh c mt vng t rng ln, khng th khng ni Tn Sch l lp ngi i kh v thng minh. Vi i kh v s thng minh , Tn Sch kh khi hn ngi, c sc hp dn c bit, cng vi cc v anh hng khc lp lnh nh cc v sao. Thi S T mt b tng ca Lu Do cng nh vy, mt ln Tn Sch v Thi S T gp nhau trn qung ng hp, cng nhau giao chin. Tn Sch tm c on kch pha sau lng Thi S T, ngi ny cng cp c m tr ca Tn Sch, cui cng bt phn thng bi. V sau, trong trn nh khc, Thi S T b bt. Tn Sch n ci tri v cm tay Thi S T, ni: nu ta b bt th khng bit s ra sao? Thi S T ni, cha bit ri s th no! Tn Sch ci vang, t nay chng ta s cng nhau lm vic ln! Lin bi Thi S T l Chit xung trung lang tng, cn T quay v chiu m b h c ca Lu Do. Nhng ngi ng gn u ni, chuyn ny th Thi S T mt i khng tr li, Tn Sch th ht sc tin tng ni, T Ngha (t ca Thi S T) khng theo ta th c th theo ai (T Ngha b ta th cn c th n vi ai). Qu nhin su mi ngy sau, Thi S T quay li ng hn v t tr thnh chin tng kiu dng ca Tn Sch, ngay nh To Tho cng mun c T. Mt ln To Tho gi cho T mt chic ti nh, trong c mt v thuc l ng quy. Nhng Thi S T nht quyt c i ch l b h ca anh em Tn th, c th coi l ma lc trong nhn cch ca Tn Sch. Cu chuyn ca Thi S T v Tn Sch c ghi trong Tam quc ch. Thi s T truyn v hi th mi lm Thi S T ham tiu b Vng Tam quc din ngha nhng li ca Tn Sch T Ngha b ta th cn c th n vi ai c i thnh T Ngha l ngi tn ngha, tt khng phn ta, ngha khc xa. Thc t th cu ni trong Tam quc ch chng t Tn Sch t tin; lng t tn chnh l ma lc ca ngi anh hng. Ngi bit t tin l ngi c ma lc, ngi c ma lc l ngi c sc hp dn, hn na Tn Sch cn l ngi i x chn thnh! Tn Sch i nhn x th hay hn Hng V, qun k cng tt hn Hng V. Khng nh Hng V n u cng thiu hy cung in, t ph thnh tr, chn sng t binh, git ngi v ti. Li ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Tn Sch truyn ni, lc u th mi ngi cha tht hiu Tn Sch, nghe ni tiu b vng n, th h kinh hn lc phch. Nhng khi qun Tn n qun s tun lnh, khng dm cp bc, ch g rau c, khng phm my may, tt c u ng h, ua nhau y lo qun s, y thc l iu him thy trong thi lon.

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Nhng iu him thy hn na cn l lp trng chnh tr ca Tn Sch. C hai vic c th chng minh r iu ny. Th nht, sau khi xng Vin Thut li ko Tn Sch, nhng Tn Sch nht quyt c tuyt. Chng ta u bit lc lng ca Tn Kin vn thuc h thng lc lng ca Vin Thut. Chnh Vin Thut phi Tn Kin i nh Lu Biu (Thut sai Kin nh Kinh chu h Lu Biu). Sau khi Tn Kin cht trn, Tn Sch cng chy n nh v Vin Thut. Nn, ni v quan h th Tn Sch l b h ca Vin Thut; ni v vai v th Vin Thut l cha, ch ca Tn Sch. V Vin Thut cng rt khoi Tn Sch, tng c cu: nu Thut c a con nh Tn Lang, th d c phi cht cng khng n hn, mi lm nm sau, To Tho cng khen ngi Tn Quyn con ci phi c nh Tn Trng Mu. Nhng khi Vin Thut ngang nhin i nghch bt o, Tn Sch i ngha dit thn, lp tc tuyn b ct t quan h vi Vin b b. ng nhin, Tn Sch cng c phn on Vin Thut (Vin Thut nhiu ln ha phong quan cho Tn Sch, nhng my ln ni y b y). Tn Sch phn i Vin Thut xng cha hn v lng trung vi Hn tht, nhng khng i no Tn Sch li h theo chn Vin Thut. R rng Tn Sch c u c chnh tr. Vic th hai, khi To Tho Phng thin t lnh k cha thn phc, Tn Sch cng c nhng ngh tng t. Trong trn chin Quan , gia To Tho v Vin Thut, Tn Sch iu binh khin tng ngm mun ly Ha, nghnh n Hn , tic l b thch khch mu st nn cha thnh. Nghe ni lc Quch Gia on c iu ny. Quch Gia ni, Tn Sch kiu ngo, khinh ch, chng phng g, nn Tuy qun c trm vn, cng khng ly c Trung Nguyn. Ch cn phi mt thch khch l nn chuyn, nht nh Tn Sch s cht trong tay mt k tht phu. Qu nhin Tn Sch cha kp sang sng b m cht. y khng phi l truyn ghi trong d s, c ghi trong Tam quc ch. Quch Gia truyn nhng Tn Sch khng sm khng mun cht ng vo giai on quan trng ca trn chin Quan , thc qu kho! V vy, lc ch thch, Bi Tng Chi ni, Quch Gia thc gii on vic, nhng Quch Gia c thn c diu ton n my cng khng th on c ngy thng Tn Sch cht, v vy, To Tho trnh ni ti im ny, cho rng cht l do vn kh (mt vic ngu nhin), no phi Quch Gia liu vic nh thn. ng nhin, gii hc thut ni cng khc nhau. Ngi L T Min cho rng li ghi chp vic Tn Sch mun ln nh Ha huyn l li ngu, v so vi H Bc th Giang ng cch xa Ha huyn hn nhiu, Tn Sch c n c hay khng cn l vn , ni chi ti vic cp hong ? V vy, ngi L cho rng, ni nh Giang Biu truyn ng tin hn - Tn Sch ln bc l nh Trn ng. Chng ta khng bn thm vn ny. iu ng ni l, nu nh Tn Sch cp c hong , th khng r ai l ngi p thin t lnh ch hu, c kh nng lch s phi chia li. Ch t, Tn Sch khng cn l tiu b vng m l i b vng, v chnh tr r rng Tn Sch mnh tay hn Hng V.

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C iu, Tn Sch cng c nhng nhc im nh Hng V, tc l qu cng nhc, thch git ngi, ni git l git. Nh chuyn ca Nghim Hng. Nghim Hng l em trai Nghim Bch H, thay mt H i ging ha, Tn Sch cng ng . Nhng trong lc hi m, Tn Sch li git Nghim Hng. Theo ch dn Ng lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Tn Sch truyn lc , Tn Sch t nhin rt dao cht t mt gc bn. C ngi Nghim Hng run ln, Tn Sch ni, nghe ni tc h bit khinh cng, c th ngi m bt dy, v vy mi a mt cht. Nghim Hng ni, c nhn thy dao l ngi li nh vy (nhn dao l th), Tn Sch lin nm kch ti, git cht Nghim Hng. Nu ni git l uy hip k th (sau khi Nghim Hng cht th ng ng ca ngi ny cng tan r theo) th vic Tn Sch git Nghim Hng t nhiu cn c l; cn nh Tn Sch git Cao i th hon ton v s din. Ng lc ni, lc Cao i n c ti T Diu, Tn Sch mi Cao i n bn v T truyn, Tn Sch chun b rt chu o. Lc c k trung gian ni khng. Ngi ni vi Tn Sch, Cao i c coi tng qun ra g u, bo ngi ch c v m khng c vn. Lc hai ngi bn v hc thut th Cao i nht nh s chng bun tr li, c ni l mnh khng bit. Ngi ny li n ni vi Cao i, Tn Sch cha ght nhng ngi hn mnh. Nu tn Sch c hi g th c ni l khng bit. Nu c tranh lun th e s nguy him. Cao i tin l thc v lm theo ngi . Kt qu, Tn Sch cho rng Cao i khinh mnh, lin cho nht Cao i. By gi c nhiu ngi n cu xin cho Cao i. Tn Sch ln lu nhn, ngi ng nghn nght (Trong lu cht ngi), Tn Sch li cng hn (i c lng qun chng), cho git lun Cao i. Ngoi ra, Tn Sch git Vu Ct, cng ch v ngi theo Vu Ct rt ng, khin ch tng khng gi ng l qun thn, lm tn hi n lng t tn ca mnh. V vy, chng ta rt mng khi Tn Sch khng th p thin t lnh ch hu, cn nu c th e Tn Sch git ngi cn hn c To Tho. S thc th, hai nhc im ch mng ca Tn Sch l thch git ngi v s din, Tn Sch s cht v hai nhc im . Tam quc ch. Tn Sch truyn ghi r Khch ca c Ng qun Thi th Ha Cng git Tn Sch cn Giang Biu truyn v Ng lch ni c phn kch tnh hn. Phn trc ni, by gi Ng qun Thi th Ha Cng dng th ln triu nh, Tn Sch kiu hng, ging nh Hng Tch, nhng sau Ha Cng c kin ngh: Triu nh nn triu Tn Sch v kinh qun l cht ch. Khng Tn Sch lm lon bn ngoi. Sau khi c biu vn , Tn Sch lin sai git Ha Cng. Ngi hu cng mn khch ca Ha Cng git Tn Sch tr th. Thch khch lm thng tn n phn mt ca Tn Sch, hon ton c th cha khi (thy thuc ni c th cha c), nhng phi tnh dng mt trm ngy (phi gi gn, mt trm ngy bt ng) - Nhng Tn Sch li i soi gng, soi xong, lin ni vi ngi bn cnh, mt mi bin dng th ny, ta cn lp cng dng nghip c chng (mt th ny cn lp cng dng nghip c khng)? Lin x chic bn ra v ht m ln, kt qu lm vt thng b v, mu chy lnh lng, Tn Sch tt th lc hai mi su tui. y l in hnh cht v s din.

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Nh vy, Tn Sch vn l mt Tiu Hng V, nhng nhiu u im hn Hng V. Trong cun Nhn thoi tam phn ca ngi Trn Nh ng ni, Tn Sch i vi m l con c hiu; i vi v l cuc giai ng; i vi em l anh c tt. Ni vy l rt ng. Li ch dn Ci K in lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Ng phu nhn truyn ni, c mt ln cng ch v s din, Tn Sch nh git Ngy ng, khng ai c th cu c. Lc , m Tn Sch ang ng bn ging nc, b ni, con cn git ba nhng ngi gp th m s nhy xung ging khi phi trng thy con dit vong. Tn Sch kinh hi, lin cho th Ngy ng. ng l hiu t. Theo ch dn Lu Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Chu Du truyn, Tn Sch v Chu Du, ngi ly i Kiu, ngi ly Tiu Kiu, hai ngi p Giang ng. Khi Tn Sch v Chu Du mi hai mi bn tui, u l nhn s thnh t, v vy Tn Sch ni vi Chu Du, hai ngi con gi ca Kiu cng tuy l sc nc hng tri, nhung c hai chng ta l chng, chc cng mn nguyn. ng l cuc giai ng. Mt im cui cng na, lc Tn Kin cht, Tn Sch mi tm tui, Tn Quyn mi mi mt tui, hai ngi em na cn rt nh - Tn Sch nh bn trng nom m v cc em cn nh, cn mnh th mang theo Tn Quyn Quyn c rn luyn v chnh tr, qun s, trc lc lm chung cn trao quyn lc cho Tn Quyn, lu li mt t c nghip v rt nhiu lng thn. ng l ngi anh c tt. Nhng ngi Trn ni thm, m tc bc phi tin ngi con tc xanh th cha th ni l ngi con tt. V Tn soi ca on mnh n y e ch c th l ngi anh c tt. Li Trn tin sinh l v cng t nh, nhng ti ngh vn nn b sung mt im: Tn Sch cn c th coi l lnh t tt i vi tp on Giang ng. Cng c hai l do: Th nht, Tn Sch c c s vng chc; th hai, Tn Sch tm c ngi thay th xng ng. Chng ta u bit, Tn Kin nam chinh bc chin ch yu l gy uy th, Tn Sch nam chinh bc chin ch yu gy dng a bn. Tn Sch bnh nh xong su qun Giang ng, v vy Trn Th ni, Giang ng l c ca Tn Sch. C th ni, Tn Sch cm qun lc mi tm tui, hai su tui th qua i, vn vn trong by tm nm ngn ngi lm c vic m ngi khc phi lu di, thm ch l c i mi lm xong, thc l him thy! ng nhin, Tn Sch khng d dng g trao cho ngi khc c nghip y. Li ch dn in lc ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Tn Dc truyn ni, lc Trng Chiu cng nhiu ngi khc vn tng Tn Sch s trao quyn lc cho ngi em th ba l Tn Nghim, cng tc l Tn Dc, v Tn Dc kiu dng quyt lit, tc phong nh Sch. Nhng Tn Sch li chn Tn Quyn. S thc chng minh, Tn Sch ng. Ba ngi u tr trong thi i Tam Quc. Tn Quyn l ngi sng lu nht, by mi mt nm (th n To Tho su mi su nm; th na l Lu B, nm mi tm nm); trong ba chnh quyn thi Tam Quc th Tn Ng vn l di nht, nm mi mt nm (th n l To Ngy b n mi su nm; ri mi n Lu Thc, bn mi hai nm). ng Ng l nc tng i n nh, iu ny lin quan n vic Tn Sch chn ng ngi thay th. Vy, v sao Tn Sch li chn Tn Quyn?

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p n c trong li ni cui cng ca Tn Sch. Tam quc ch. Tn Sch truyn ni, trc lc lm chung, Tn Sch cho mi Trng Chiu v nhng ngi khc n ni vi h Trung Quc hn lon, c dn chng Ng Vit, ba sng him tr, nhn thnh bi, mong cng ng h em ta!. Sau th gi Tn Quyn n, trao m n v ni C qun Giang ng, quyt mu gia hai trn nh, tranh ginh thin h, khanh khng bng ta, dng ngi hin ti h ht lng gn gi Giang ng, ta khng bng khanh. Nh vy l qu r rng, Tn Sch hiu rt r, ly giang sn bng v lc l s mng lch s ca mnh, v v c bn s mnh hon thnh. Vi vn ling chnh tr v lc lng qun s ca tp on, thin h ca Giang ng c tm thi nh vy . Bc sau ch c th l gn gi Giang ng v ngi ch thnh bi. V nh vy, ngi thay th mnh khng phi c ti v qun s, m phi c ti v chnh tr, khng phi anh dng thin chin m l gii mu gi nc. V vy Tn Sch khng chn Tn Dc - ngi c tnh cch tc phong ging vi mnh, m chn Tn Quyn ngi khc vi mnh. Chng ta u bit, iu kin chn ngi k tha trong thi i ch, phi l rt ging vi nh vua. ng ny Tn Sch chn ngi khng ging, chnh l ch hn ngi ca Tn Sch. Mt ln na li ch r, Tn Sch l ngi c nhn quan v u c chnh tr. V nh vy, ng li chnh tr ca tp on Giang ng t nay c thay i, tc l ly gi lm iu c bn ca quc sch, ly gi lm tin ri mi lp mu tin ly. R rng quyt sch l ng n. Trong lc trn chin Quan cn dng ging, To Tho, Vin Thiu th hng cha quyt, th cc l ch hu, lng d ma qui, ang nhn chm chm. Kinh chu c Lu Biu, ch chu c Lu Chng, Hn Trung c Trng L, Quan Trung c M ng, ng l Trung Nguyn hn lon thin h cha nh. Vo lc ny, tp on Giang ng vi mt quy m nht nh coi mnh l ngi i sau, khng th nht thi tiu ha c h vi chic d dy khng l, m ch c th gn gi Giang ng v ngi nhn thnh bi, trc ht phi cng c thnh qu, v ch thi c, tm phng hng tin ti. C iu, gi cng c nhiu cch gi. m tn khuyt m gi l mt loi, ly nh m gi cng l mt loi. Thc t, trong thi Tn Quyn, ni b tp on Giang ng lun tn ti hai loi kin khc nhau, i biu cho hai ng li khc nhau. Phi th nht m Trng Chiu l i din, ch trng bo th, c gi l phi b cu. Phi th hai, i din l Chu Du, ch trng tin cng, c gi l phi chim ng. Tn Quyn gi thng bng gia hai phi, nhng xng ct l phi chim ng. V vy, lc Cam Ninh nu kin nh Hong T, Tn Quyn t thi ngay. Tn Quyn nng chn ru ni, vic ny chng khc g chn ru y, nn ph thc cho khanh! S thc, anh em Tn th lun tn cng Hong T. Tn Sch, Tn Quyn tng ra qun vo cc nm Kin An th V (Cng nguyn nm 200) v Kin An nm th VIII (Cng nguyn nm 203) v y l ln ra qun th ba. Hin nhin h c th git cha vi Hong T v quan trng hn y cn l li ch ca c tp on. Ngay nh Lu B v

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Lu Biu chng c th on g, vn c nh nh ly mnh t ny. K thc thm mun Kinh chu u ch c tp on Tn Quyn, tp on Lu B, m To Tho cng ang nhn chm chm. T bui u tin lp k cho To Tho, Quch Gia cng mun nhanh chng ly c Kinh chu. Kinh chu chng khc g d gia by lang si. Vy tnh hnh Kinh chu l th no? Tp th mi chn: MNH T PHI LY Trong quy hoch chin lc m Quch Gia, L Tc v Gia Ct Lng xut vi ch ca mnh th Kinh chu lun l mnh t phi ly; Gia Ct Lng v Cam Ninh lun on rng Lu Biu s khng gi c Kinh chu. S thc vic ginh git Kinh chu lm thay i trng thi ca Trung Quc thi , kt qu vic ginh git l tin Tam Quc chia ba. Kinh chu, cui cng l mnh t nh th no; chu mc Kinh chu Lu Biu l ngi nh th no? my tp trc chng ta ni, bt k l Gia Ct Lng hay Quch Gia, L Tc, mi khi a ra quy hoch cho ch ca mnh th u coi Kinh chu l mnh t phi ginh ly. Hn na, Gia Ct Lng v Cam Ninh cn on rng Lu Biu s khng gi c Kinh chu. L Tc tuy cha ni ra nhng gn nh cng c . Vy y c chuyn g, v sao Lu Biu li khng gi c Kinh chu? By gi chng ta s ni v Lu Biu. Nu ni To Tho l gian hng ng yu th n tng Lu Biu li cho mi ngi l bao c xinh xn. Lu Biu t Cnh Thng, cng nh Lu B l dng di nh Hn, l danh s ng thi. Hu Hn th ni, Lu Biu l chu cht ca L Cung vng, thn cao hn tm thc, t mo khi v cng my ngi nh Trng Kin c gi l bt c (tm ngi vi c hnh ca mnh hng dn ngi khc). Tam quc ch ni Lu Biu t nh ni ting, gi l bt tun, cao hn tm thc, t mo khi v. Xem ra c phn ng, Lu Biu l dng di nh Hn, khng nh thn phn hong tc ca Lu B, cn c iu m h. Lu Biu l danh s, cng ng, cn c ghi tn ln bng. Lu Biu cn l mt soi ca, Lu Biu cao hn Gia Ct Lng mt cht trng li p . Ngoi ra danh ting ca Lu Biu cng tt, l mt trong ng c (nhn s chnh phi b hi) vo nm cui thi ng Hn, tng b tp on hon quan truy xt, v trn nhanh nn mi thot nn (chiu th vy bt ngi trong ng, Biu chy nhanh mi thot). l vn ling Biu hon thnh s nghip. Lu Biu cng c bn lnh. Tam quc ch v Hu Hn th u c ghi chp v miu t v im ny. Theo hai cun trn (phn di nu khng c ch thch th u c ly hai cun trn), vo nm S Bnh u tin (nm 190) thi Hn Hin , lc cha ca Tn Quyn l Thi th Trng Sa Tn Kin git cht Th s Kinh chu l Vng Du, triu nh phi c Lu Biu m nhim chc v . Vng t Kinh chu

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khng yn n gic gi khp ni, qun Thiu cn tr, Lu Biu khng n c Kinh chu (Biu khng th n), nh phi n thng c m n Nghi Thnh (nay l Nghi Thnh, H Bc). Lc ny, Lu Biu c mt quyt sch chnh xc, da vo ho tc a phng bnh nh Kinh chu. Lu Biu tm c hai ngi, mt l Khoi Vit ngi Nam qun, mt l Si Mo ngi Tng Dng. Si Mo nhiu ti, th l, c hng trm th thip, gia sn giu c. V sau, Si Mo cn c quan h hn nhn vi nh Lu Biu. Lu Biu, l ch dng ca v Gia Ct Lng. Khoi Vit tc tr a mu, l nhn s Kinh chu c To Tho mn m nht. Li ch dn Ph T ca L Hin trong Hu Hn th. Lu Biu truyn ni, nm Kin An th XIII, Lu Tn u hng, To Tho khng tn mt mi tn hn n no cng h c Kinh chu, To Tho vit th cho Tun c: Khng thch ly c Kinh chu, ch thch c D (Khoi Vit l D ). iu chng t To Tho cu hin nh kht nc, v cng cho ta thy r Khoi Vit l ngi khc thng. Lu Biu tm c hai ngi, coi nh cng vic hon thnh mt na. Khoi Vit xut ng li va cng va nhu cho Lu Biu. Khoi Vit cho Lu Biu hay, c hai mi ha cho Kinh chu l Vin Thut v Tng tc. Tng tc chng l trung tm i tc ho mn, l lc lng v trang v chnh ph, mt t chc mang tnh cht a phng theo quan h ca tng tc. Chnh chng lm kh d khin Lu Biu khng vo c Kinh chu. Vy, phi lm g y? Khoi Vit ni: i vi ngi bnh thng x s bng nhn ngha, vi k lon dng quyn mu. Binh khng ct nhiu, qu l c lng dn. Tc l tr l Kinh chu bng hai cch, hiu triu bng o c v ly v lc uy hip. Chng phi k ch ca tng qun l Vin Thut v Tng tc sao? c im ca Vin Thut l g? L kiu ngo, v mu. Cn c im ca Tng tc? L ng v tham bo, v vy cn phi dit Tng tc trc, sau mi ngn Vin Thut. Cch lm c th l dit k v o, s dng ngi ti nng. S qun uy c , mi ngi s theo v (s mnh ln). Sau , s qun nam chin Giang Lng, bc gi Tng Dng, c th truyn hch m nh c tm qun Kinh chu. Nu lc , Vin Thut em qun nh ti cng chng h g (Cng L c ti cng chng lm c g)? Lu Biu dng k sch ca Khoi Vit, Khoi Vit triu mi lm k u mc Tng tc ti v chm u th chng. Kt qu Giang Nam c yn (Giang Nam ngy th nay l pha nam khu vc Lng H ca Trng Giang), Lu Biu ngi gi Tng Dng (qun Tng Dng), v sau Vin Thut hp tc vi Tn Kin, Vin Thut phi Tn Kin i nh Lu Biu, b tng Hong T ca Lu Biu n cu vin, Tn Kin trng tn lc m cht, t th lc ca Vin Thut ht cch n Kinh chu. Triu nh nhim mnh Lu Biu l Trn nam tng qun, Kinh chu mc, phong Thnh V hu, gi tit ( l c thng phng bo kim), Lu Biu thnh cng. Cn phi ni mt cht v ch hnh chnh a phng thi Hn. Nhng nm u thi Ty Hn, vng triu nh Hn thc hnh qun quc ch, tc l qun huyn

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v phong quc cng tn ti mt triu hai ch (mt vng triu, hai ch ). Sau khi Hn Cnh dng li ca Triu Thc dit Phin, n thi Hn V , phong quc ch l h danh, thc t l thc hnh ch qun huyn, tc l qun l ba cp trung ng, qun v huyn. Huyn thuc qun, qun thuc trung ng, c nc c hn mt trm qun, hn mt ngn huyn. Quan ng u mt huyn gi l huyn lnh hoc huyn trng, quan ng u mt qun gi l qun th, sau gi l thi th. Phn trc c nhc ti Trng Sa Thi th Tn Kin, Giang H Thi th Hong T, h u l quan ng u mt qun. C iu, thi th thi ng Hn v thi th thi Ty Hn c phn khc nhau. Trn thi th thi Ty Hn khng cn trng quan hnh chnh a phng, thi ng Hn vn cn, l th s hoc chu mc. Vic ny c bt u t thi Ty Hn. Nm Nguyn Phong th V (nm 106 trc Cng nguyn) thi Ty Hn, Hn V chia thin h thnh mi ba chu b, tc l mi hai chu v mt b (T L b), mi chu c phi n mt vin th s. Trung ng phi c mt c phi vin (s) n a phng gim st bt php (th), gi l th s. Cp bc ca th s l su trm thch, chc trch l tun tra gim st, khng c ni lm vic c nh, khng c ni thng tr, khng th can d vo cng vic hnh chnh a phng. n thi ng Hn th tnh hnh thay i. Thin h gm mi ba chu: T L, D chu, K chu, Duyn chu, T chu, Thanh chu, Kinh chu, Dng chu, ch chu, Lng chu, Tinh chu, U chu, Giao chu, nhng c mi ba chu bin thnh khu vc hnh chnh a phng mt cp, ch qun l hai cp qun qun huyn thnh khu vc qun l ba cp, chu qun qun, qun qun huyn. Trng quan chu, c lc gi l th s, c lc gi l chu mc, c lc va c th s va c chu mc. Ni mt cch tng i, th s uy nh, chu mc quyn nng. Thi Hn Linh , chu mc trch nhim nng n, ngi cao, quyn ln; chu mc thi Hn Hin , nhiu ngi l kiu hng thin h, ch hu mt phng, nh K chu mc Vin Thiu, Duyn chu mc To Tho. Lu Biu t th s bin thnh chu mc l mt thnh cng ln! Sau khi m nhim Kinh chu mc, Lu Biu t ra phi phm. Kin An nm u (nm 196), tc l nm To Tho nghnh n thin t. Phiu k tng qun Trng T l ch ca Trng T v ht lng thm nhp Tng Thnh (nay l th trn ng Chu H Nam), qun Nam Dng Kinh chu, ri trng tn m cht. Quan vin Kinh chu u n chc mng Lu Biu. Lu Biu li ni, Trng T v cng ng mi n Kinh chu. Chng ta l nhng ch nhn v l, mi dn n chin tranh, nhng y khng phi mun ca ta, v vy chu mc ta xin nhn li iu, khng nhn li chc (T cng ng n, ch nhn v l, dn ti giao tranh, ta khng mun vy, xin nhn li iu khng nhn li chc). Trng T lin ng qun Uyn Thnh (nay th trn Nam Dng, H Nam), lin minh cng Lu Biu. Thi Lu Biu rt c lng ngi, Tam quc ch ni, qun lnh ca Trng T lun phc tng, Hu Hn th ni, phc tng. n nm Kin An th III (nm

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198), Lu Biu khng ch c by qun Kinh chu (Nam Dng, Nam Qun, Giang H, Linh Lng, Qu Dng, Trng Sa, V Lng), m cn m rng c lnh th, nam tip vi Ng Lnh, bc chim Hn Xuyn, t rng hng ngn dm, qun lnh hn mi vn, trong nc, yn bnh hng vn dm, ln b vui mng n theo, nghim nhin tr thnh mt vng quc c lp. Nhn s Trung Nguyn thy vy, ko n Kinh chu lnh nn, c hng ngn hc s theo v Lu Biu, Lu Biu lun an i v v, cn gip c vng bc. ng thi, Lu Biu cn cho xy dng c trng hc, hng thnh nho thut, bin Kinh chu thnh Vng o lc th trong thi lon. Lu Biu ng l mt chu mc tt. Lu Biu bn lnh nh vy, sao cn gi l bao c? C my nguyn nhn sau. Th nht, Lu Biu ch khng ln. Lu Biu chng hng ti i lc g, khng c g bc bch, khng c ch tin th. Quch Gia tng ch thng ra rng: Biu, ch ngi tr chuyn vi khch Tam quc ch. Quch Gia truyn, To Tho cng ni: Ta nh L B, Biu khng n cp; trn chin Quan , khng cu Vin Thut ch l mt tn gic ngi gi thnh. Ngy th cng nhn thu Lu Biu. S thc th nguyn vng ca Lu Biu ch l, gi ly t ai ca mnh, v con cng bp la. Cho nn, mc cho ai pht sinh mu thun, chin tranh vi ai, Lu Biu lun n binh bt ng, ngi nhn thnh bi vi bao tm t mun gi Giang Hn, nhn thin h bin i. Lc trn chin Quan , Vin Thiu c ngi n cu vin Lu Biu, Lu Biu bng lng nhng ri cng khng ra qun v cng khng gip To Tho, v sau To Tho nh Hon, Lu B khuyn Lu Biu tp kch Ha huyn, Lu Biu cng bt ng, kt qu l mt thi c. To Tho v Quch Gia xem thng Lu Biu, khng phi l khng c l. Th hai, Lu Biu khng lng. Lc trn chin Quan , Lu Biu ta sn quan h u, c hai b h l Hn Tung v Lu Tin ni vi Lu Biu: Ho kit tranh ginh, hai hng i nhau, tng qun nn xem thin h lm trng. Nu tng qun nh lm g, nn ra tay lun (nu mun lm g, nn tha c m lm). Nu khng nh lm g, nn chn ly mt bn (nu khng, nn chn mt m theo). Lc ny tng qun c nhiu ngi, sao c ngi m nhn, nhn thy ngi ng gip li khng th gip (thy ngi hin m khng gip), khuyn h ging ha cng khng xong (ging ha m khng c), kt qu cui cng, mi hn ca hai bn s tp trung vo tng qun. Ti lc , tng qun mun trung lp e cng khng xong (tng qun khng th trung lp)! i tng Khoi Vit cng tng khuyn Lu Biu nh vy. Th l Lu Biu lin c Hn Tung n ch To Tho tm hiu h thc. Sau khi tr v, Hn Tung k chuyn Thi t uy c, Lu Biu lin nghi ng Hn Tung bi phn, mun git Hn Tung, c iu, tra i xt li khng tm thy g, nn thi. Lu Biu lm vic tht phi l. Theo Hu Hn th, trc lc ln ng, Hn Tung ni, theo ngu ca Hn Tung, vi s anh minh ca mnh, Tho tt ly c thin h. Nu tng qun c nh da vo To Tho, phi Hn Tung i s Trung Nguyn

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l c th. Nu cn nghi ng th thc khng thch hp. V sao vy? V Hn Tung vo kinh thnh, c th hong thng s cho Hn Tung mt chc quan no , Hn Tung c th t chi, ng nhin l khng h g; nhng nu t chi khng c th t y, Hn Tung tr thnh thn mi ca thin t, v l quan c ca tng qun. Hn Tung ch mun l quan ca tng qun, sut i v tng qun, mong tng qun suy xt k. Hn Tung ht sc chn thnh, nhng Lu Biu khng nghe, nht nh sai Hn Tung ln bc. Qu nhin, Hn Hin phong Hn Tung l Th trung, Linh Lng thi th, lc ny Hn Tung ni theo lp trng ca triu nh v To Tho, Lu Biu tc gin mun git Hn Tung, Hn Tung thn sc vn nh thng, nhc li mt ln na my cu ni trc lc ln ng, v Lu Biu cng ra can, nhng Lu Biu vn c tc gin. Cui cng tra xt Hn Tung khng c vn g, mi h ngc Hn Tung. Tn khi To Tho ly c Kinh chu, Hn Tung mi c th ra. V vy, Trn Th mi bnh rng Biu b ngoi th nho nh, bn trong hay nghi k, cng l th c! khng c ch ln, li khng lng dn ti vn th ba ca Lu Biu khng bit dng ngi. Lu B l kiu hng thin h, Gia Ct Lng l rng, hai ngi u bn cnh trc mt, nhng Lu Biu nhn m khng thy; nhn s Trung Nguyn xung pha nam, n Kinh chu c ngn ngi, ch thy Lu Biu sp xp, khng thy Lu Biu trng dng. Lc Lu B mi n Kinh chu, Lu Biu l ngha i rt hu. Tam quc ch. Tin ch truyn ni, Lu Biu ra tn ngoi thnh nghnh n i nh thng khch, cn chia qun cho Lu B. Nhng, cng vi vic Ho kit Kinh chu theo Tin ch ngy cng nhiu, Lu Biu bt u nghi ng mun ngm ngm tr i. Li ch dn Th ng ca Bi Tng Chi cn ni, Lu Biu cn by Hng Mn Yn, Khoi Vit v Si Mo chun b ra tay ngay trong tic, Lu B thy r iu , nn mi mn c ra nh tiu chun. Chy n n Kh, L m mt bc vt qua ba trng, mi thot nn. Th ng ni l B ng Phn Thnh, Lu Biu i hu, nhng ri li nghi ng, khng tht tin dng. Tng mi B d tic, Khoi Vit, Si Mo mun git B, B cm thy, lin v i tiu trn. B thng ci L m, n sui n Kh pha ty thnh Tng Dng, nga khng qua c. B ht hong ni: ch L, hm nay nguy ri, phi gng ln!' ch L vt cao ba trng, mi qua c. V sau La Qun Trung theo vit thnh Lu Hong thc nhy nga vt n Kh, cu chuyn phc tp hn nhiu v cng hay hn nhiu. Nhung khng th tin c. Tn Thnh cng ni khng th c kh nng (khng th nh vy). V lc , Lu B ang nh v Lu Biu, lc lng hai bn kh chnh lch. Nu Lu Biu c mun git Lu B, th Lu B c th yn n trong sut hai nm Kinh chu? V vy, Tn Thnh ni vn l vng ngn th tc, khng phi s thc. Lc ch dn Tam quc ch, Bi Tng Chi cng dn li Th ng s dng li ph bnh ca Tn Thnh, xem ra Bi Tng Chi tn thnh Tn Thnh.

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C iu, cu chuyn Lu Hong thc nhy nga vt n Kh tuy l vng ngn th tc, nhng B ng Phn Thnh, Lu Biu i hu, nhng ri li nghi ng, khng tht tin dng, mi tm ch ny li rt chun xc. V li Lu Biu phng Lu B th c g khng hp l, con ngi Lu B lun khin cc ch hu phi au u nhc c. Mt mt, Lu B da vo ai th ngi xi quy, i ti u th no lon m ; mt khc ngoi Vin Thut ra, ai cng tha nhn Lu B l nhn vt anh hng, v vy ai cng knh n tip i, k c Vin Thut, k c To Tho. C th ni, Lu B l nhn vt kiu ng u mo, ni hay hn l kiu hng thin h. Mt nhn vt nh vy n nh th Lu Biu cng ht cch. Quch Gia tng ni toc ra nh sau: Biu ch bit ngi ni chuyn vi khch! T bit ti khng ch ng B, dng vo vic ln th khng iu khin ni, dng vo vic b th B khng chu, ci m Biu lm c l tn B ln cao v lun phng! Vn th t ca Lu Biu l khng cn ai tip tc, khng c ngha l Lu Biu khng c ngi thay th, m l ngi thay th Lu Biu chng ra g, Lu Biu li sp t sai lm. Lu Biu c hai ngi con, con c l Lu K, con th l Lu Tn. Lu K v Lu Tn u l con ngi v trc ca Lu Biu, nhng ngi v sau ca Lu Biu l Si phu nhn em chu gi gn cho Lu Tn, mong sau ny Lu Tn s l ngi thay th. Si Mo cng my ngi khc cng gip Lu Tn, thc t th gia tc Si th khng ch Lu Biu. Lu K bit r iu , nhiu ln mong c Gia Ct Lng ch gio. Lun v thn phn Gia Ct Lng l b h ca Lu Biu; lun v tui tc l vn bi ca Lu Biu; lun v quan h l chu r ca Si phu nhn; lun v thn s th vi Lu K v Lu Tn l nh nhau. Gia Ct Lng cm thy kh x, nn mi c chuyn y kch tnh. Tam quc ch. Gia Ct Lng truyn ni, Lu K nhiu ln xin Gia Ct Lng ch gio cho li c yn v Lng cho l khng c, khng ni g. Lu K ht cch, nn trong lc i do mi Gia Ct Lng ln lu, cho ngi ct thang i ri ni: y, trn khng n tri, di khng n t, ming ngi ni ra ch c tai K nghe thy, c th ni c cha? Gia Ct Lng mi ni: Cng t khng thy Thn Sinh trong th nguy, Trng Nh ngoi th yn sao? Thn Sinh v Trng Nh u l con ca Tn Hin cng thi Xun Thu. Hin cng qu yu ngi v sau l L C, mun lp H T con ca L C lm ngi tha k. Kt qu, thi t Thn Sinh trong Nc b git, cng t Trng Nh chy ra ngoi, sau ny li tr v nc lm vua, l Tn Vn cng. Lu K bng ng ra li Gia Ct Lng, lin ngh ra cch c c chc Thi th Giang H, ri b mnh t th phi ny. C th Gia Ct Lng cng khng ngh rng, vi ti tr kinh thin ng a nh mnh, va ra khi lu tranh phi lp k lo vic nh cho ngi khc, v chnh ci vic v b gip Lu B lp cng ln. V sao vy? V hn mt vn ngi Lu K mang theo v sau tr thnh na s vn ling ca Lu B trong trn chin Xch Bch. Cch sp t ca Lu Biu tr thnh mi ha sau ny khin Kinh chu b phn ha. Sau khi Lu K ra i, tp on Kinh chu chia thnh hai phi. Phi th nht do Lu Tn i din, ng sau c Si Mo, Khoi Vit v.v... nhng ngi ny u mun

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hng v To Tho, Si Mo c th cn l bn c ca To Tho. Tng Dng k cu truyn ni Mo cn thn thit vi Ngy V, hn na sau khi Lu Tn u hng, To Tho cn vo nh trong thm v Si Mo. V sau ng vin Lu Tn u hng To Tho cng l my ngi ny. Phi ny c gi l phi hng To. Mt phi khc do Lu K i din, ng sau c Lu B, Gia Ct Lng v.v.. Lu B kin quyt chng To Tho, Gia Ct Lng ch trng lin Ng chng To, y l phi chng To. Cn tm t ca Lu Biu, e l khng mun hng To, cng khng mun lin Ng, tt nht l gi trung lp, nhn thi th bin i. Nhng Lu Biu ch qun c vic khi cn sng, nhng vic sau ny th chu. Hai ngi con u khng lp nn s nghip. Hung chi, trn chin Xch Bch tranh ginh Kinh chu cn cha bt u, th trong nh sp nh nhau. Lu Biu khng sp xp ni hu s, h chng phi l bao c? V nhng chuyn ny, s sch nh gi Lu Biu khng cao. Thm ch, Trn Th cho rng Lu Biu chng khc g Vin Thut, cng mt mu ngi. Trn Th ni, Lu Biu v Vin Thut u c nghi biu (uy dung), c phong (kh quan), c danh kh (ting tm) c thnh tu (Biu vt qua Hn Nam, Thiu ging oai H Sc), nhng u l ngoi khoan dung, trong nghi k, c mu nhng khng quyt, c ti m khng dng, c hin m khng ly, ph ch lp th, ch v sng i, c th coi l bao c xinh xn, v vy tht bi l iu ng nhin (khng phi l bt hnh). Phi ni s nh gi rt c l, Lu Biu v Vin Thut khng t nhng ch ging nhau, v vy Hu Hn th em Vin Thiu v Lu Biu vit thnh mt truyn; em Lu Yn, Vin Thut, L B vit thnh mt truyn. Tam quc ch em ng Trc, Vin Thut, Vin Thiu vit thnh mt truyn. Nhng ti vn cm thy nn ni thm vi cu ng n v Lu Biu. Th nht, Vin Thiu, Lu Biu tuy u tht bi, nhng Vin Thiu t chuc ly dit vong, cn Lu Biu th s l vy, trnh sao khi, tuy bn thn Lu Biu khng vi ai cng khng rc ai. Th hai, vi thc lc v s nhn ni ca mnh th ngoi vic l gic gi nh, Lu Biu cng ch cn cch la chn no khc. R rng Lu Biu khng hiu mt iu, ch da vo gi l gi khng c, c lc phi ly cng th. Th ba, cng chnh v Lu Biu thc hnh chin v sch lc thng dn dng s, ung dung ngi gi, nn khu vc Kinh chu mi c bnh yn hn mi nm tri, khng t nn dn t bc xung nam c gip vn ton. C th ni Lu Biu lm c nhng vic tt. Cho nn, nh gi Vin Thiu l Bao c xinh xn, i th l chnh xc. ng nhin con ngi Vin Thiu cng c bn lnh, khng th hon ton coi l bao c. Chng qua l Vin Thiu gp phi i th qu mnh, nn mi ging nh bao c. Nhng ni g th ni, Vin Thiu vn t cho mnh l ng, dng dng t c, t thi phng mnh, t t v cho mnh. Vin Thiu xem trng ci p v cng rt coi trng nng lc. V vy, ni Vin Thiu l bao c xinh xn cng khng phi l oan ung qu.

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Lu Biu li c phn oan ung. Lu Biu khng cho mnh l phi phm, m t bit mnh, nn mi thc hin chnh sch, sch lc thng dn dng s, ung dung ngi gi, mong c th ton vn c Kinh chu trong thi lon. V vy nn nh gi mt cch tng i nh nh s hc H T Ton. Trong Tam quc ch s ngi H ni, nu To Tho l nng thn thi bnh, gian hng thi lon th Lu Biu s l hin thn thi bnh, ngi thng thi lon. Xem ra Lu Biu bt hnh ln nht l sinh nhm thi i, mt thi lon c ln nut c b. khng phi l sai lm m l vn kh khng hay. ng nhin, khng phi Lu Biu khng c cht vn kh no. Lu Biu c phi ti Kinh chu l vn kh. Kinh chu l mt trong hai chu ln nht vo thi ng Hn. Hai chu l Kinh v ch, u c trn mt trm huyn. Th n l U chu hn tm mi huyn. Kinh chu v ch chu tuy ln nhng khng quan trng lm. Thi , trung tm chnh tr ca Trung Quc l phng bc, chin trng tranh ginh ch yu l phng bc, Kinh chu, ch chu cn tm cha ri vo ming h, l ni thch hp nht Lu Biu th yu sinh tn, l nh ca tp on nh b Lu B. R rng l vn kh ca Lu Biu khng phi l rt ti v Gia Ct Lng l ngi nhn xa trng rng nh th no vi quy hoch cho Lu B khi cn Long Trung. ng tic, cy mun lng m gi chng dng, thng v nhng ngi khc khng mun Lu Biu bnh an v s. Gia Ct Lng c sch lc ly m thay cho Lu B, To Tho t pha bc, Tn Quyn mt ng cng ang nhn chm chm vo . Thc tnh mt ngi nh Lu Biu, lc thin h cn lon lc, c th sng yn n mt gc nh vy. Mt khi thin h yn bnh, li c th sng nt nhng ngy ti p . C c tt c nhng ci v Lu Biu l Kinh chu mc, Kinh chu cho Lu Biu thnh cng, Kinh chu khin Lu Biu tht bi; Lu Biu sng Kinh chu, cht cng Kinh chu. T ngha m xt, Lu Biu l ngi Hnh vn bt hnh. Thc t th nm Kin An th XIII (nm 208), Tn Quyn v To Tho bt u ra tay, Lu Biu v Kinh chu ng trc bin c v cng ln lao. Ngay c Lu B ang nh v Lu Biu cng ang ng trc ha dit vong. Vy, vo nm Kin An th XIII, khu vc Kinh chu xy ra chuyn g trong nhng ngy khng bnh thng . Tp th hai mi: QUN N DI THNH Nm Kin An th XII, To Tho bnh nh phng bc, Tn Quyn gi vng giang sn, Lu B c Gia Ct Lng, Lu Biu vn ang hy vng chun b binh lnh Tng Dng ngi nhn thi th bin i, ngy lnh cng sp ti. Nm Kin An th XIII, Tn Quyn v To Tho bt u xung tay vi Kinh chu, Lu Biu v Kinh chu, bao gm c Lu B ang nh v u ng trc nguy c. Vy, s phn h ri s ra sao?

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tp trc chng ta ni, Lu Biu khng ch ln khng hng ti i lc ch mun c an thn trong thi i qun hng, c ln nut c b. Nhng cy mun lng m gi chng dng, Kinh chu tr thnh i tng cc bn tranh ginh. Tn Quyn ra tay trc. Ma xun nm Kin An th XIII (nm 208), Tn Quyn thc hin quy hoch chin lc ca L Tc v Cam Ninh, nhn lc To Tho va t Hon tr li Nghip Thnh ra qun ty chinh, tiu dit lun i tng ca Lu Biu l Hong T thi th Giang H. y l ln th ba Tn Quyn nh Hong T. Ln th nht, nm Kin An th VIII (nm 203), kt qu ph cc hm i tu; ln th hai vo nm Kin An th XII (nm 207), kt qu c c nhiu dn chng. Ln ny li hi nht thnh v git k ng u, Hong T hon ton dit vong ( thnh tc l ph hy thnh tr, git dn chng, nh t vy mt hnh ng cc k d man trong lch s). Tn Quyn dit Hong T l c l do. B ngoi l bo th git cha (Tn Kin trong lc tc chin vi Hong T trng tn lc m cht); nhng nguyn nhn chnh l mun ly Kinh chu. Kinh chu thng lu nc Ng. c an ton, Tn Quyn quyt nh Kinh chu; Hong T lc ny l Thi th Giang H, gn Giang ng nht, ng nhin phi nh Hong T. Thc t, sau khi ph Giang H, dit Hong T, th lc pht trin v hng ty, Tn Quyn mun c Giang Lng, mun ly Tng Dng, nut gn Kinh chu. Tn Quyn thng li khin To Tho cm thy thi gian khng ch mnh. To Tho rt r, mt khi Tn Quyn c c Kinh chu th tnh th c Trung Quc s bin i cc k to ln. Phn trc ni, t lu To Tho mun c Kinh chu, c chun b. Thng ging nm Kin An th XIII, To Tho lp h Huyn V Nghip Thnh, cho luyn tp thy qun. l chun b v qun s. Thng su To Tho bi quan tam cng, lp li chc tha tng v ng s i phu, v t lm tha tng, nm trn i quyn. l chun b v chnh tr. Ngoi ra, To Tho cn c Trng Liu ng qun Trng X (nay l Trng Ct, H Nam), Nhc Tin ng qun Dng ch (nay l th trn V Chu, H Nam), nhm bo v Ha huyn, phng bt trc. To Tho cn v v M ng, tin c M ng l v y, ng thi cho chuyn c nh M ng v Nghip Thnh, thc cht l lm con tin, nhm gii tr hu ha, mi vic chun b xong. Vo thng by, To Tho ra qun nam chinh Lu Biu. Cng gn nh vo lc , Lu Biu bnh nm lit ging v thng tm th qua i. Theo li ch dn Ngy th ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Tin ch truyn, trc lc lm chung, Lu Biu gi nc cho Lu B, B kho lo t chi. Lu Biu ni: con ta bt ti, ch tng th lnh nht. Sau khi ta cht, khanh hy gi ly Kinh chu. (Anh hng k ni, l th s trng nom Kinh chu), Lu B ni: con ci hin minh, ngi khng nn lo v bnh tt. C ngi khuyn Lu B tip nhn, Lu B ni: Ngi ny i vi ta rt hu, nu nghe theo, ngi i s khinh ta, tht khng n.

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Bi Tng Chi khng tha nhn vic ny (s tht khng phi th), ti cng thy khng ng tin. tp trc ni, thi ca Lu Biu i vi Lu B, ni nh Tam quc ch. Tin ch truyn l trong lng nghi k, mun tr i, vy sao c th chp tay nhng li Kinh chu? Hn na, t lu Lu Biu cng v chn ngi tha k l Lu Tn. Bi Tng Chi ni, v chng Biu rt yu Tn, b ch lp th, tnh k lu di, lc lm chung li v c em Kinh chu nhng cho B. Ni vy l c l. Hu Hn th. Lu Biu truyn ni, Lu Biu bnh nng, con c Lu K t H Khu v Tng Dng thm, nhng b ngn li, khng cho gp. Lu K khng c gp cha, sao Lu B li c gp? Lu B v Gia Ct Lng ngm ng h Lu K, bn Si Mo khng phi khng bit, l no h li Lu B gp Lu Biu, ri Lu Biu gi nc cho Lu B? Gi s h khng bit quan h gia Lu B v Lu K, nhng h hn phi bit Lu B kiu hng khng chu di ngi khc, vy trong lc mu cht h li Lu B gp Lu Biu? Qua cch ni ca Hu Hn th r rng t lc bnh nng, Lu Biu b s ngi khng ch; v Lu B ang ng qun Phn Thnh cng khng c nhiu tin tc (Lu B nh ngi ngi trong trng, khng h hay bit tin Lu Tn hng To Tho). C th ni, Lu B khng c kh nng gp Lu Biu. Mt vic khng c kh nng xy ra, nhng sao li c ngi tin rng c kh nng xy ra? Th ra Lu B t ni. Bi Tng Chi ch dn Hn Ngy Xun Thu ca Khng Din trong Tam quc ch. Tin ch truyn cho hay, Lu B ni vi ngi khc Trc lc lm chung Lu Kinh chu gi con cho ta. T M Quang tin l thc nn ghi li ni vo trong T tr thng gim ca mnh. ng nhin gi con v gi nc c phn khc nhau. Nhng giao Lu K, Lu Tn cho Lu B, khc g giao Kinh chu cho Lu B. Nhng gi con cng c gi nc cng c, hai ngi tt phi gp mt, nhng Lu B khng c kh nng gp Lu Biu th lm g c chuyn gi con. Cng c th c hai kh nng. Mt l Lu B ni di. iu khng quan trng, Lc , qun To s nhanh chng ko n chn thnh, ha ln ca Kinh chu sp ri xung u mi ngi. Mt s ngi khng mun Kinh chu ri vo tay To Tho, v cng bit d Lu K hay Lu Tn u khng th chng li th lc tng tri ca To Tho, nn h trng mong c vo Lu B. Bn thn Lu B cng khng mun mt Kinh chu, nht l lng dn Kinh chu. Kinh chu vi Lu B, tin, l cn c a thnh b nghip, thoi, l mnh t ngh ngi, bo tn tnh mng. Cng tc l, Lu B cn Kinh chu, Kinh chu cng cn Lu B. Li ni ca Lu B cng c th coi l sch lc yn lng dn. Kh nng th hai, Lu Biu tng gi nc cho Lu B, nhng khng thc lng, ch l thm d. Chng ta u bit, sau khi n Kinh chu, Lu B lung lc lng ngi li cun nhn ti, khin Lu Biu phi cnh gic, Tam quc ch. Tin ch truyn ni rt r: Ho kit Kinh chu v vi tin ch ngy cng nhiu, Biu nghi hoc, mun

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tr i. Lc thng Lu Biu lun lo lng nghi ng, vy trc lc lm chung c yn tm c khng? Mt vic cn phi thm d, thm ch l uy hip. Ti nghi ng cu ni ca Lu Biu sau khi ta cht khanh t gi ly Kinh chu, nhng bn bn Si Mo cho my tay ao mai phc. Lu B kiu hng thin h, kinh nghim chnh tr phong ph, l no khng thy c s li hi? Li ni mt cu bng by con ci hin minh, ngi khng nn lo v bnh tt. K thc, hai ngi con bo bi ca Lu Biu hin hay khng, trong lng hai ngi l r nht, my cu ch c trong v din sao cho hay. Cng vy, khng c g l l, trong thi lon lc m k mnh thng ngi yu, c ln nut c b th vic g cng c th xy ra. V vy, coi vic gi nc ca Lu Biu v s khim nhng ca Lu B l ho hoa phong nh, ch l kin ca h nho. Cn phi hiu thm mt cht kin lch s v vn ny. Tc l, thi i , mnh thng yu, k mnh lm vua, l iu thin kinh a ngha; v Lu B tip qun Kinh chu l phng n bo ton Kinh chu tt nht, c g phi t chi? Chng phi l t lu Gia Ct Lng ni l tri ban cho tng qun, sao tng qun li c ? R rng y khng phi l vn v o c. Thc t th lc Lu B cha vui v theo lnh ly m thay, khng phi l khng n, m v khng th. Cu ni ta khng n v.v... ch l lm tr. Cng vy, Gia Ct Lng Lu K ra lm Thi th Giang H va gip Lu K va l cho Lu B mt con ng. Lu K i cha c bao lu, Lu Biu ra i h, ngi thay th t nhin l Lu Tn. Lc ny qun To cng ang trn ng, chng bao lu na s n di thnh. Tam quc ch. Lu Biu truyn ni: lc Khoi Vit, Hn Tung, Ph Hun u khuyn Lu Tn ra hng To. Lu Tn ni, ti cng cc v khng gi c c nghip tin qun li, ngi nhn thin h bin i sao? Ph Hun ni, khng th: Nghch thun c ch, mnh yu thnh th. L thn chng cha l nghch chng thun; l a phng chng trung ng l ly yu nh mnh; Lu B chng To Tho khc g ly trng chi . C ba mt chng ta u chng ra g, vn mun chng li vng s, y l tm n ci cht. C iu li ni thuyt phc nht l li ni sau y ca Ph Hun. Ph Hun hi: Lu Tn, tng qun ngh xem mnh c snh c vi Lu B khng? Lu Tn ni, khng snh c. Ph Hun ni, vy c nu Lu B khng nh c To cng, tuy l gi t S, nhng cng khng gi c; cn nh Lu B thng c To Tho, th hn l Lu B khng mun di tng qun. Ngha l, nu Lu B khng nh c To Tho, tng qun cng chng c cch g t v; cn Lu B thng To Tho th Lu B vn cn l b h ca tng qun sao? Lu Tn nghe v hiu. Chng li To Tho d thng thua u chng c g hay ho, chi bng l u hng! Lu Tn u hng v khng dm bo cho Lu B. Lu B cng khng bit. Ch khi i qun ca To Tho n Uyn Thnh Nam Dng, Lu Tn mi c Tng Trung n bo vi Lu B. Tam quc din ngha ni, Tng Trung c Lu Tn phi n Uyn Thnh a th xin hng ln To Tho, trn ng v b Quan V tm c, s

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thc khng phi th. Theo li ch dn Hn Ngy Xun Thu ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Tin ch truyn, s thc l Lu Tn phi Tng Trung n ch Lu B tuyn ch, Lu B v cng kinh hi ni, sao cc ngi li lm n nh vy, ha ln gn k mi n bo, khng thy l qu ng lm sao? Lu B lin rt dao ch vo Tng Trung, hm nay c git ngi, cng khng gii c hn, c iu ta khng mun lm bn dao ny, cng khng mun mt ngi ca ta! n nc ny, c ni g cng v ch, Lu B ch cn cch tu vi thng sch, lin cng Gia Ct Lng, T Th chy v hng nam. Tam quc din ngha ni, trc khi Lu B ra i, Gia Ct Lng ha thiu Tn D, s sch khng cn cn c. Trc La chy g Bc Vng l c, nhng l la ca Lu B (Tin ch c phc binh, t thiu, v rt chy, bn n ui ti, phc binh ph xong) khng lin quan ti Gia Ct Lng. Trn ng rt v nam mi c chuyn, v l chuyn nh. Tam quc ch. Tin ch truyn ni, by gi Lu B ng qun Phn Thnh, pha bc Hn Thy, Tng Dng ca Lu Tn Giang Nam, Gia Ct Lng lin khuyn Lu B nn tn cng Lu Tn. Theo Gia Ct Lng, Lu Tn s khng chu ni mt n v ch cn ly c Tng Dng, coi nh Kinh chu thuc v mnh. Nhng Lu B ni, Ta thc khng n v khng theo ca Gia Ct Lng. Ngi L T Min cho rng vic ny cha chc chnh xc, Ngi L ni, By gi lng ngi Tng Dng l bt nh, cng ph rt d, (nhng) trong chc lt i qun To Tho ko n, liu c gi ni khng? Gia Ct Lng l ngi thn trng, chc g ni nh vy? nhng, nh vy cng vn cha r. Ngc li Lu B khng nh Tng Dng, trn ng, lc ngang qua Tng Dng c ni to vi Lu Tn my cu, sau tip tc xung pha nam. Lu B chy nhanh, To Tho ui cng nhanh. Theo Tam quc ch. Tun c truyn, trc lc xut chinh, To Tho hi k Tun c. Tun c cho rng, lc ny Hoa H nh, t nam c kh khn, l lc c th ly c Kinh chu, nhng cn phi nh nhanh thng nhanh. V vy Tun c ngh vi To Tho: Ra qun t Uyn Thnh, ng thi cho khinh k xut pht t Nhip, nh bt ng, tc l ging c ging trng ra qun t Uyn Thnh, (nay l th trn Nam Dng, H Nam), ng thi tin qun t huyn Nhip (nay, pha nam huyn Nhip, H Nam), thng lnh khinh k binh theo ng tt nh thng ti Tng Dng v Giang Lng. To Tho nhanh chng hiu r vn : Tng Dng l so huyt ca Lu Biu, qun nhu vt t, c nhng hm thuyn thy chin u tp trung Giang Lng. Nh vy, khng bao gi c ri vo tay Lu B. To Tho lin theo k ca Tun c, ra qun rm r t Uyn Thnh, huyn Nhip ko thng ti Kinh chu (Ra qun t Uyn, Nhip theo k ca c), c na ng th b li mi trang b nng, t thn thng lnh khinh k tin thng ti Tng ng, Tam quc ch. Tin ch truyn ni l To cng cho Giang Lng c qun, e Tin ch , lin b li trang b nng, khinh k ti thng Tng Dng. Sau lc n Tng Dng, To Tho mi bit Lu B ang chy v Giang Lng, Tho thn dn theo

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nm nghn khinh k tinh nhu, ngy m vt ba trm dm truy ui, hng tiu dit Lu B nh ci inh trong mt, ci gai m vo tht. To Tho vi tc nhanh, cn Lu B ni l chy rt nhanh nhng li i rt chm. Ni Lu B chy rt nhanh l ni ti quyt tm, cn thc t li i rt chm. Nguyn nhn vic i rt chm, Lu B ng qua Tng Dng, c v s nhn s, dn trm h, k c b h ca Lu Tn lun i theo xung pha nam, tt c gm mi my vn ngi, chin xa c hng ngn chic. Mt i ng nh vy, sut ngy i, gi dt tr, tr da vo gi, mt ngy ch i c mi my dm. Tam quc ch. Tin ch truyn ni, by gi c ngi khuyn Lu B b mc mi ngi, phi nhanh chng cng khinh qun n Giang Lng. Nhng Lu B khng chu. Lu B c Quan V thng lnh thy qun, nhanh chng v hi hp Giang Lng. Bn thn Lu B nht nh i cng mi ngi. Lu B gii thch nh sau: Mun lm vic ln phi ly dn lm gc. Nay mi ngi theo ta, ta n lng no vt b h! Theo nh s hc Chu Duy Tranh th y chnh l xut x ca my t ly dn lm gc. Nhng cng phi ni, ngha ca ly dn lm gc m Lu B ni v chng ta ni ngy nay l c phn khc nhau. Ngy nay chng ta lun coi dn l cn bn cn Lu B c l coi dn l vn ling. Chng ta u bit, trong nn chnh tr nhiu v cui thi ng Hn th vn ling hoc ti sn ca Lu B l khng nhiu. Nhng Lu B i n u cng c tn knh v hoan nghnh, nh Trnh Dc ch ra nguyn nhn iu , Lu B hng ti v rt c lng dn. Nhn vng, nhn tm, nhn duyn, u l ti sn ca Lu B v cng l c bn v c s ca Lu B. Mt khi mt th chng cn g. Hung h, c lng ngi l c thin h, mt lng ngi l mt thin h. Lu B c ly thin h, th trc ht cn phi c lng thin h, l hm ngha cu mun lm vic ln phi ly dn lm gc. V vy, mc cho qun ui pha sau, nguy him trc mt, Lu B khng th mt vn. ng nh ngi L T Min ni: mun nn nghip th xung quanh mnh phi c ngi, cn nh o c hay khng o c, nhn t hay khng nhn t, khng thnh vn . Cng vy, nhiu ngi dn Tng Dng i theo Lu B, nhng cha hn trong mt h, Lu B l tt, To Tho l xu; cha hn l theo Lu B ly giang sn, khng giang sn ri vo tay To Tho. Ngi L T Min ni rt ng: Trm h ch mo ng c n no mc m, sng yn vui, ai lo chuyn tranh ginh cp ot ca my ngi? C ngi ni, qun dn Tng Dng i theo Lu B, v s To Tho li t thnh. Ni vy l cha chnh xc. ng, To Tho tng t thnh. Hng Bnh nm u (nm 194), lc nh T chu, To Tho n u cng t sch, git sch. Vic lm ca To Tho c nh hng rt xu, Tun c tng ph phn To Tho, v sau To Tho tip thu li gio hun , chng ta s khng ni ti na. Sau s kin T chu, To Tho hiu r, hnh ng t thnh d man l bt li cho s nghip thng nht thin h ca mnh, y Lu Tn khng nh m hng, th c l do g git ngi v c? To Tho vn cha ngc n mc y.

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Tm li, cha bit l do g m rt nhiu ngi i theo Lu B. Theo phong tc thi , mt khi nhn s v quan vin di di, h thng mang theo c nh, c h tc, nn s ngi i theo l rt ng. Tnh th hai bn thc khc bit. To Tho mt ngy i ba trm dm. Lu B mt ngy mi my dm, chng bao lu na To Tho s ui kp Lu B. Hai qun gp nhau cu Trng Bn, ng Dng (pha ng bc huyn ng Dng, H Bc ngy nay), thng thua th no r. Tam quc ch. Tin ch truyn ghi vn vn c mt dng, nhng cnh khn n ca Lu B thi tn rt nhiu giy mc: Tin ch vt v con, cng Gia Ct Lng, Trng Phi, Triu Vn cng my chc tn khinh k ra i, To cng thu c dn chng v nhiu trang b nng. ng thng cho Lu D chu, lc ny khng ch khng ni c Ly dn lm gc, ngay c v con cng khng nhn ti. Trn ny Lu B thm bi, nhng cc nh vn, nh ngh thut ng h Lu B c nhiu bi vit. Triu T Long mt mnh mt nga cu cha, Trng Dc c i no cu Trng Bn u l nhng cu chuyn quen thuc vi mi ngi. My vic ny u c cn c y . Tam quc ch. Triu Vn truyn ni: Tin ch b To cng bc cu Trng Bn, ng Dng, b v con, chy xung pha nam, Vn m a tr yu ui, l hu ch sau ny, bo v Cam phu nhn, tc l m ca hu ch, mi thot nn. Trng Phi truyn ni, Tin ch nghe tin To cng n, b v con m chy, Trng Phi v hai chc k s i pha sau. Phi ngn sng ph cu, cm ngang ngn mu trng mt m ni: Ta l Trng Dc c, ai dm n liu cht! k ch khng dm n gn, v vy mi thot. Vic Triu Vn cu A u l thc, nhng Lu B khng h vt con; Trng Phi ht to trn cu Trng Bn l thc nhng khng phi v th m cu gy, nc chy ngc, Trng Phi cht gy cu . Nh c Trng Phi, Lu B khng phi b mng, nh Triu Vn tm c v con, nhng vn khng c ng thot. Trc mt, To Tho chn mt ng n Giang Lng, Lu B ch cn bit i v hng ng hi hp vi Quan V v Lu K. Nhng trong tay Lu K ch c mt vn binh m; trong tay Quan V ch c mt vn qun thy. Hai vn ngi hp li, liu c ch ni qun To nng nh ni Thi Sn p xung khng? Trong lc Lu B cn bn khon suy tnh th L Tc n. L Tc i sut ngy m ti y, t sau khi Lu Biu bnh v qua i, mt ngi cc k nhy bn v chnh tr nh L Tc thc c tnh quan trng ca s vic i vi Giang ng. Theo Tam quc ch. L Tc truyn, L Tc ni vi Tn Quyn, Kinh chu c ngha chin lc quan trng, khng th mt d dng. L Tc ni, Kinh chu tip gip vi cc Nc lng ging, thun dng chy v bc, ngoi c Giang Hn che ch, trong c sn lng ngn cch, c kinh thnh vng chc, ng rung mnh mng, ngi ngi no , nu c th ginh c n th l c nghip ca vng. Lc ny Lu Biu khut, t lu hai a con mu thun, tng lnh trong qun li chia lm phe phi, thm vo , cn c kiu hng thin h Lu B kp vo gia, tnh th sau ny thc

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en ti. Lu B bt c ch ch Lu Biu (Biu ghen ght m khng dng), cn c mu thun vi To Tho (vi Tho c him khch). Nu lc ny Lu B ng tm hip lc vi Lu K, Lu Tn th chng ta s lin minh vi h; cn nh h ng sng nhng d mng, th chng ta s tn cng tng ngi mt hon thnh nghip ln. V vy, mong c tng qun cho ti i s Kinh chu vi danh ngha l ving tang, xem xt tnh hnh h thc, cn lo chun b. L Tc suy ngh ht sc r rng, tc l nhn c hi Lu Biu qua i thc hin Long Trung i, bn ng Ng hoc bn Tn Quyn. Mc tiu chin lc l chim bng c Kinh chu, v l vn ling vng ca Tn Quyn; v phng n chin thut l lin hp vi Lu B, chng li To Tho, (ni B v v trm h ca Biu, ng tm nht tr cng nh To Tho). L Tc cn d on rng Lu B tt s vui v nghe theo. V nh vy th c th nh c thin h- V vy, L Tc mong Tn Quyn sm quyt nh. Nu chm th e To Tho cp mt (e Tho ginh trc). Thc chng d dng g quyt nh c. Tn Quyn v Lu Biu hoc ni tp on Giang ng v tp on Kinh chu vn c th su. Cha Tn Quyn b Hong T git cht, v Hong T cng va b Tn Quyn git, nhng Tn Quyn l nh chnh tr, nh chnh tr khng lm vic theo cm tnh. Tn Quyn ph chun ngay k hoch ca L Tc, L Tc cng lp tc ln ng. Nhng ng tc ca To Tho cng rt nhanh. L Tc t Si Tang (nay l th trn Cu Giang, Giang Ty) n H Khu (nay l Hn Khu, V Hn), qun To ang tin n Kinh chu; n Giang Lng th Lu Tn ra hng. Lu B tr tay khng kp, phi b Phn Thnh, chun b xung pha nam vt Trng Giang. L Tc c tin, lp tc ln bc, gp Lu B Trng Bn ng Dng. i vi Lu B binh bi nh ni , ang v cng khn n, th L Tc chng khc g v tin sng t trn tri ri xung. Theo ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Tin ch truyn, L Tc c bui tr chuyn vi Lu B. L Tc hi Lu B, lc ny D chu chun b i u? Lu B ni, chun b n vi Thi th Thng Ng Ng C. L Tc ni, Ng C bnh thng, li rt xa, bn thn kh gi, cn c th gi cho tng qun c chng? Theo ngu ca L Tc, chi bng lin hp vi Tn tng qun, cng mu i nghip. Tn tng qun thng minh tr tu, l hin h s, qun nhiu tng mnh, dn chng theo v li c c su qun Ci Kh, an Dng, Ng Qun, D Chng, L Lng, L Giang. Nu hai bn cng lin minh th thnh i nghip! Hn na, theo Tam quc ch. L Tc truyn, cng vic c thun li, L Tc cn ni thm vi Gia Ct Lng, ti l bn thn vi lnh huynh, ngi Gia Ct Cn! C th ni nh vy v c th khng, v phng n rt hp vi tm t ca Lu B v cng hp vi quy hoch v phng lc ca Gia Ct Lng Long Trung. Kt qu nh Tam quc ch. L Tc truyn ni, h kt giao vi nhau. Th ri Lu B, Gia

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Ct Lng v L Tc cng vi my ngi va n tip ng nh Quan V, Lu K a qun xung pha ng, t ng Dng n H Khu (sau li n Phn Khu). Lc ny To Tho khng truy st Lu B m a qun thng n Giang Lng. Lu B cm thy d th hn. Nhng To Tho khng cho Lu B c yn lu. Sau khi c c qun nhu, vt t t Giang Lng, To Tho quyt nh xui dng xung pha ng. u mu ca To Tho cha thng vo Lu B, t ra Lu B cng l ngi chu n u tin; cn thi v lp trng ca Tn Quyn th khng r rng v cng khng trong sng, Tam quc ch. Gia Ct Lng truyn ni, lc ny Quyn ng qun Si Tang, ngi xem thnh bi. Nh vy thc nguy him. Bi v, Gia Ct Lng xut vi Lu B nhanh chng sai s sang ng Ng, thuyt phc Tn Quyn lin minh chng To. Gia Ct Lng ni vic qu gp, xin phng mnh cu cu Tn tng qun. Li ni c thanh sc y sc mnh, nhng trong Tam quc din ngha li c on th tht: Tc nht nh mi Khng Minh cng i, Huyn c c v kh ng hi lng. y ng l li ca cc tiu thuyt gia, s thc phi l Gia Ct Lng bc thng ra, Lu B quyt nh ngay, khng h c vic lm ra v. Gia s sng v ci cht, cn din tr lm g? V sau, trong Xut s biu Gia Ct Lng nh li sau lc nghing , thn c b nhim gia lc qun binh bi trn, phng mnh trong lc nguy nan. Qua li ni ca Gia Ct Lng, chng ta thy r khng kh lc . R rng y l vic can h ti s sng cht tn vong ca tp on Lu B. Nhng vic c thnh cng hay khng, khng quyt nh bi nguyn bn pha Lu B v cng khng hon ton quyt nh ti nng ngoi giao ca Gia Ct Lng. Li ch chnh tr ca tp on Giang ng mi c vai tr quyt nh. Vy, thi ca tp on Tn Quyn nh th no? Gia Ct Lng c hon thnh c s mng ca mnh khng? Tp th hai mi mt: LM NGUY VNG MNH To Tho nam chinh Kinh chu, th nh ch tre, Lu B bi v ng Dng, cu cu Giang ng. Tp on Giang ng vn c k hoch ot Kinh chu, ri cng To Tho vch sng tr, nay ri vo hon cnh cc k kh khn, bit chn ai. Khng gip Lu B th mi h rng lnh; gip Lu B, nh nui h hu ho. Trc kh khn , ai l ngi gip Tn Quyn c quyt sch? Phn trc chng ta ni, L Tc t Si Tang n ng Dng thuyt phc Lu B lin hp vi Tn Quyn v cng n H Khu. Lc ny To Tho chim Giang Lng, thu c mt khi lng ln qun nhu vt t, chun b xui dng xung pha ng. Cm thy tnh th nghim trng, lc lm nguy Gia Ct Lng vng mnh chy n Giang ng cu cu Tn tng qun. Trong tnh th ri ren , L Tc, Gia Ct Lng ang ng ph vi bin c t nhin xy ra bt u thc hin k hoch ca

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mnh v h c thnh cng hay khng. Tu thuc vo quyt sch ca Tn Quyn nh th no. iu ny rt kh i vi Tn Quyn. Tn Quyn s phi chn ai, Lu B hay To Tho. Lun v thn s, Tn Quyn cn c cht tnh vi To Tho - chu gi To Tho ly em trai Tn Quyn (Tn Khung), con To Tho (To Chng) ly chu gi Tn Quyn. Quan h h hng tuy c cht phc tp, nhng l thn tnh. Khng ging nh Lu B, khng thn khng quen, cch nhau hng dm. Bn v mnh, yu, theo cch ni trong Tam quc ch. Lu Hoa truyn, To Tho lc nam chinh Kinh chu trong s chn chu trm qun l mi ly c tm, uy chn thin h, bn bin khip s, thc lc hng hu; Lu B khng c lc lng, cn b tn cng, thui thi nh ch nh c tang. V tnh cm, i vi To Tho, Tn Quyn va hn va s li va cung knh, cn i vi Lu B Kiu hng thin h khng th ni l thch hay khng thch, khng ng phi lo cho s sng cht ca ngi . Nhng lc ny To Tho gn k, Tn Quyn cm thy kh ngh, chng thch th mt cht no. Hn na, ln ny ngi b tiu dit l Lu B, ln sau chc s n lt mnh, ch t cng khng thc hin c k hoch chim ot Kinh chu. Cm gic mi h rng lnh khng phi Tn Quyn khng c; t dn ti hu qu nghim trng, Tn Quyn khng th khng suy ngh. Quyt nh nh th no, thc kh khn. V c mt mn n rt r rng, i khng h c ba n tra no min ph, khng h c chuyn ly ht d trong la m khng bng tay. Mt khi xen vo cuc u tranh ca To - Lu, th khng trnh khi c quan h. Hung chi, Lu B kiu hng thin h cng khng phi loi hin, gip Lu B l gip gic, lm khng kho s l dn si vo nh. Nhng phi tay bng quan liu c an ton khng? Cha chc. Nh li nm , Lu Biu gi thi trung lp trong trn chin Quan , kt qu, To Tho dit xong Vin Thiu li n dit Lu Biu. Tm li, gip Lu B, khc g dn la n bn mnh; khng gip Lu B, tc l gip Tr bo ngc. Ngc li th vn th. Khng gip Lu B th s mi h rng lnh; gip Lu B, khc g nui h li hu ho. Khng lin Lu, khng hng To, cng khng th trung lp, thc kh ngh, kh khn c i ng. i u, theo ai, vi mt ngi tr tui nh Tn Quyn (hai mi su tui) qu l iu ht sc kh ngh. Lc ny Tn Quyn ht sc do d, v li tnh th hin ti cng cha thc s nghim trng, cha thc s r rng. Tam quc ch. Gia Ct Lng truyn ni, by gi Tn Quyn ng qun Si Tang, ch xem thnh bi, m t nh vy l chnh xc. Nhng cui cng Tn Quyn quyt nh lin Lu chng To. Chnh do quyt sch ca Tn Quyn, th lc ca To Tho ht cch xung min nam, lch s cng t cc cuc chin tranh lin min ca cc ch hu bin thnh ba nc theo th chn vc, c th ni y l mt quyt sch mang tnh thi i. Nhng vn l Tn Quyn vn mun Ch xem thnh bi, nhng v sao cui cng li quyt nh xen vo cuc chin Lu To? Ai l ngi lm cho Tn Quyn quyt nh nh vy?

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Ni chung mi ngi u cho rng Gia Ct Lng l ngi lay chuyn c cn khn. Nh vy, r rng chu nh hng ca T tr thng gim v Tam quc din ngha. Nht l Tam quc din ngha sp xp hai phn Khua li b bn nho v Dng tr kch Chu Du, Gia Ct Lng khng ch nh mnh vo lun iu u hng ca phi ch ho m cn phi khch l c Chu Du. L Tc th lc no cng bn khon lo lng. Tam quc din ngha l tiu thuyt, khng cn phi ni ti. T tr thng gim l lch s, khng th khng bn xem sao. Hy xem T tr thng gim ni nhng g. T tr thng gim ni, sau khi L Tc n ng Dng gp li Lu B v Gia Ct Lng, hai bn ng , hp nhau. V vy Lu B theo k sch ca L Tc (B dng k ca Tc), n Phn Khu huyn Ngc (nay l th trn Ngc Chu, H Bc), Gia Ct Lng cng L Tc n Si Tang (gn th trn Cu Giang, Giang Ty) i gp Tn Quyn, y c vn , tc l Tin ch truyn, Quan V truyn, Ng ch truyn, Chu Du truyn v L Tc truyn trong Tam quc ch u ni n Hn Khu, khng phi Phn Khu. Giang Biu truy n ni l Phn Khu, nhng l sau khi Gia Ct Lng sang s nc Ng. Nhng l vn nh, xem tip phn sau ni g. Theo m t ca T M Quang, Gia Ct Lng nhanh chng gp c Tn Quyn. Gia Ct Lng va xut hin th hin ti ngoi giao v tr tu chnh tr phi phm ca mnh. L i din pha Kinh chu, ln u tin Gia Ct Lng gp Tn Quyn, tt nhin phi c my cu m u nhm phn tch tnh th, gii thiu tnh hnh, nu r ca mnh. Nu l ngi bnh thng th ch ni c nhng cu cng nhc, khch so. Nhng i vi Gia Ct Lng th l nhng cu kinh in trong cc ba tic, c th coi l gio ti tuyt diu ca ngnh ngoi giao hc. Cu u ca Gia Ct Lng l th ny: Trong nc i lon, tng qun khi binh Giang ng, Lu D chu cm qun Hn Nam, cng To Tho tranh ginh thin h. Li ni tht tinh t! B ngoi tng nh Gia Ct Lng ch m t qua v tnh th, nh li lch s, nhng n trong vi cu ni li l nhng rt su xa. Chng ta u bit, thin h i lon qun hng ni dy tranh cp Trung Nguyn, khng phi ch c ba nh To Tho, Lu B, Tn Quyn. C nhng ngi b tiu dit nh Vin Thiu, Vin Thut, L B v.v... hoc c nhng ngi khng cn ni ti, ngay nh Lu Chng, Trng L, M Siu cng khng cn nhc ti? Gia Ct Lng khng nhc ti bt k mt ai. Nguyn nhn c th l h khng ng c nhc ti, c th v nhng vic s ni ti hm nay khng lin quan g n h. Nhng ni ti vic tranh ginh trc mt, phi ni l Tranh ginh Kinh chu, khng nn ni Tranh ginh thin h. Ni Tranh ginh thin h ngang nh ni thin h chia ba l vic ca chng ta hoc ngi c th tranh ginh thin h l ba nh chng ta. Nh vy l v tnh mi t tng v quan nim trong Long Trung i truyn vo tai Tn Quyn.

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ng thi, chng mt cng mt sc g, Gia Ct Lng ni ti iu th hai, tc l trong ba nh, th hai nh chng ta l mt mt trn thng nht, v hai nh chng ta cng To Tho tranh ginh thin h, To Tho l k th ca chng ta. Chng ta u bit, lm r ai l bn ca chng ta, ai l th ca chng ta lun l vn hng u trong u tranh chnh tr. y l vn khng th khng ni, nhng li khng th ni thng ra. Ni thng ra c lc s lm cho ngi ta nghi ng, hoc dn ti s phn ng, nht l lm ngi i din cho Lu B li cng khng th ni nh vy. Bi v ni v thc lc th tnh hnh ca ba nh c khc nhau. To Tho c gn na Trung Quc, my chc vn i qun; Tn Quyn ch c su qun Giang ng, hn mi vn binh lnh. Cn Lu B th sao? Xin li, ch c mt qun v hai vn ngi nga, tt nhin gm c mt phn qun ca Lu K. Nu Gia Ct Lng cng khai ging cao ngn c Thng nht khng chin th e Tn Quyn s phi ci thm: Lu D chu chng c mt ci g, li mun ngang hng vi chng ta sao? Nhng lc ny Gia Ct Lng ch ni lch s, ni tnh hnh. Tn Quyn khng ni, tc l tha nhn. Th l chi vi mt cu nh tnh Tng qun khi binh Giang ng, D chu mc cm qun Hn Nam khin Lu B c th ngi ngang hng vi Tn Quyn, mnh c th m phn trc din vi ng Ng, chng mt sc g ko c Tn Quyn v pha mnh, a Tn Quyn vo v tr i ch vi To Tho. ng l mt mi tn trng hai ch. Tt ri, hai nh chng ta trong mt trn thng nht, To Tho l k th chung ca chng ta, th sao ngi cn khng nhanh ra qun gip chng ti nh? Nn nh, y l mc ch chnh vic Gia Ct Lng sang s ng Ng. iu mu cht ny khng phi ni thng ra, m l n c giu trong my li m u n. Ngi ta khng th khng bi phc nng lc ngoi giao ca Gia Ct Lng. Thc t th ngha ca vi cu ni Tng qun khi binh Giang ng, D chu cm qun Hn Nam khng ch c th. Tp on Tn Quyn ng l khi gia lp nghip Giang ng, nn ni Tng qun khi binh Giang ng l khng c vn g. Nhng khng phi Lu B khi binh Hn Nam, Lu B khi binh huyn Trc thuc Trc qun, tc l th trn Trc Chu, H Bc ngy nay, v sao phi ni l cm qun Hn Nam? Theo ti, dng ca Gia Ct Lng l kh su sc. Chng ta u bit, vo cui thi Hn Linh , Lu B khi binh u nh Lu Biu, lun trong cnh n u nh, khng c quyn c lp. Mt tp on khng c quyn c lp th khng t cch i thoi vi vua mt nc c lp nh th ny. Nhng lc ny th Lu Biu cht, Gia Ct Lng n v Lu B c c lp. Cho nn, d l nh li lch s, d l m t li hin trng, Gia Ct Lng khng th ni Khi binh Trc qun, ch c th ni Cm qun Hn Nam. Nh vy l ni vi Tn Quyn, Lu D chu ca chng ti chng khc g ngi, l vua ca mt t nc c lp v sau ny chng ta cn phi chia ba thin h. Lc ny, cn phi nhanh chng Tranh ginh thin h vi To Tho!.

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l nhng n trong my cu ni Trong nc i lon, tng qun khi binh Giang ng, Lu D chu cm qun Hn Nam, cng To Tho tranh ginh thin h ca Gia Ct Lng, vn vn trong hai mi su ch c bao nhiu n , r rng khng h l mt cao th trong m phn! C iu bn pha ng Ng cha hn h tt c. Thi c, c ni nh Lu D chu cc ng cng nh Tn tho L chng ti, cng l b ch mt phng, thm ch c th chng chi ngang vi sc To tha tng, vy sao khng tip tc li Kinh chu? Vic g phi chy n ch chng ta xin vin binh? iu ny cn c r rng minh bch. Nhng vic ny ch c th ph din, khng th nghin cu. Th l Gia Ct Lng nh nhng ni my cu nh sau: Lc ny, To Tho bnh nh Trung Nguyn, cng ph Kinh chu, uy trn bn bin. Lu D chu chng ti anh hng khng t dng v (Tam quc ch ni l anh hng khng ni dng v), v vy mi ti y (D chu mi tm ng ti y), mong tng qun, vi lc lng ca mnh cho kin, nn lm nh th no (mong tng qun lng sc m x l). ng l mt cao th! Mt cu anh hng khng ni dng v, mt cu lng sc m x l nh nhng bin bn lng thnh ngn cn, qu bng c sang Tn Quyn. C theo cch ni ca Gia Ct Lng th Lu B khng h chin bi, khng c nhiu kh khn, ngi gp phin h li chnh l Tn Quyn, nn mong Tn Quyn lng sc m x l, v cng khng ni thm Tn Quyn chuc ly s phin h t ai. Nhng bn cng khng th ni Gia Ct Lng khng ng, bi trong li ni ca Gia Ct Lng c n , hn na Gia Ct Lng ni r vi Tn Quyn. ng vy, ng l Lu D chu khng c t dng v, nhng cng v th m khng b phin h, cng lm l con ng cht, v quyt liu mng c cht th li cng tan. Ngc li Tn tng qun cc ngi, tuy c t dng v, nhng cng c khng t phin h. V sao vy? Bi v cc ngi c nghi ngi ng nhn, do d khng quyt, Vic gp m khng quyt on! V vy Gia Ct Lng mi ni vi Tn Quyn, nu Giang ng c th chng li Trung Nguyn, chi bng nn sm ct t vi To Tho. Nu khng th th nn cun c dp trng, ph phc xng thn, nh tng qun y, b ngoi ra v phc tng, nhng trong lng li c khc (ngoi th v phc tng, nhng bn trong li do d), Nc n chn m vn ngp ngng, khng kho ho ln s p n ngay (ho n khng hn). ny thc ht sc r rng: Lu D chu ca chng ta l anh hng khng t dng v, Tn tng qun ca ngi c t dng v. Nhng nu dng khng tt l phi n h y, cc h c xem m lm! (C lng sc m x l)! R rng l mnh ht ng, nh phi cu cu Tn tng qun, nhng li ni l Tn Quyn gp nhiu phin h, cn ra b phi x thn mu hoch cho Tn Quyn, r rng i ch thnh khch, ginh phn hn! ng nhin l Tn Quyn khng mc

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lm, nhanh chng un li hi li, vy, sao Lu D chu cc ngi khng i u hng i? Li ni rt c, va chm chc va nh ng vo ni kh ca ngi khc, khng bit nn tr li sao. Gia Ct Lng vn thn nhin p, nh nm , in Honh trng s ca nc T bt qu ch l mt tht phu m khng chu u hng (gi ngha khng nhc), hung chi y l Lu D chu! Lu D chu chng ta dng di vng tht, anh ti ci th, ngi ngi quy thun (chng s ngng m, nh nc ra bin)! Chng ti s chng i n cng. Nu c tht bi th cng l tri (l do tri). u hng, th khng bao gi! y ch c th xem l li l ngoi giao. ng, Lu B ng nhin l anh hng, nhng khng phi xa nay cha tng da vo ngi khc, u hng ngi khc. Trc y, Lu B lun phi thay i ni , phi da vo To Tho, phi u hng ngi khc. Lc L B n nh, tng bt v con Lu B, Lu B ch phi cu ho vi L B sao? Lc , l no Lu B khng phi l dng di vng tht, anh ti ci th, chng s ngng m, nh nc ra bin ? Lu B lc da vo o Khim, lc da vo L B, lc da vo To Tho, lc da vo Vin Thiu, nhng lc ct kh bin i u ri? Cui cng th ngi di nc nh, khng th khng ci u. Hung chi v Lu hong thc ca chng ta li bit co bit dui. Gn y li hc tp c cch thc ca chim ca ra, lc ng rt u c th rt u, mi l tc phong thng xuyn ca Lu B. Tam quc din ngha c th vnh Lu B nh sau Gng vo hang , tm nng mnh, ni r anh hng nghe m kinh. Mn ting sm vang, hng che giu, tu c ng bin tht ti tnh! Nh vy nu r c tnh cch ca Lu B. Thy r gi ngha khng nhc l ni khoc, Tu c ng bin mi l tht. ng nhin chng ta khng v th m ch trch hoc xem thng Lu B, nhng cng ng cho rng Lu B l con ngi cng nh thp th gy ch khng cong. Thc t th ln ny Lu D chu khng chu u hng khng phi v xng ct cng? V bit chc rng ln ny To Tho quyt khng tha cho Lu B, c hng cng chng ch g, ch c th quyt u ti cng. ng nhin, Gia Ct Lng khng th ni thng ra nh vy, hung h cch ni ca Gia Ct Lng cng rt hay. Nn nh, tnh cnh ca tp on Lu B lc ny rt nguy him, ch cn cch l chng i ti cng. Lc ny pha Tn Quyn vn cn n o nhiu. Vi tnh hnh , l s gi pha Lu B ch c khch l i phng bng o c cao thng ca mnh, quyt khng th ly ch ngi khc lm mt uy phong ca mnh. t ra th Gia Ct Lng truyn li c tin tc Lu B chun b quyt chin n cng ti Tn Quyn. Vi s hp tc ca hai bn, iu ny l ht sc quan trng. Ngoi ra, Gia Ct Lng khch c Tn Quyn - mt ngi mi hai mi su tui, kh huyt cn rt mnh. Qu nhin Tn Quyn thy bc bi, mt bin sc ni, Tn m ta c su qun, mi vn tinh binh, li chu ngi khc khng ch sao? Th ri biu l thi lun: Ta quyt, khng phi Lu D chu, ai dm chng To Tho !

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Gia Ct Lng t c mc ch. Tn Quyn cm phc Lu B, khng ni ti chuyn anh hng khng ni dng v na. Nhng Tn Quyn vn cha thc yn tm, nn mi hi lun: D Chu va bi xong, sao c th vt qua c kh khn ny Gia Ct Lng li trnh by tip vi Tn Quyn v kh nng chin thng To Tho, kh nng To Tho s tht bi. Gia Ct Lng ni, To Tho thng lnh khinh k binh tri qua hng ngn dm ng, nay nh cung ging ht c, ly u ra sc chin u na? Ngi phng bc khng quen thy chin, th nh m th no? Thc t chng minh, nhng phn on ca Gia Ct Lng l hon ton chnh xc. V iu quan trng hn, Gia Ct Lng a ti mt tin tc quan trng, Lu B tuy tht bi Trng Bn, nhng vn cn hn mt vn ngi nga, bao gm c thu qun ca Quan V. Ch Lu K cng cn hn mt vn. Thu qun Kinh chu cng khng hon ton ri vo tay To Tho. Trn thc t, tp on Giang ng ang khng ngt tranh lun l nn ho hay nn nh, cho rng qun Lu B hon ton b xo s, ton b Kinh chu ri vo th him. Nay bit tin bn pha Lu B vn cn ngn y lc lng, mi ngi thc vui mng v yn tm! Th l Quyn vui mng, li cng mi ngi bn bc. Nhng trng s (B th trng) Trng Chiu v mt s ngi vn ch trng nn hng To, ch c L Tc t ra khng ng v khuyn Tn Quyn cho triu Chu Du t ngoi v. ng nhin, Chu Du thuc phe ch chin. c hai ngi ng h, cui cng Tn Quyn quyt tm, chi vin Lu B tc chin vi To Tho v cho b tr qun lnh. l ton b qu trnh m T tr thng gim coi l quyt sch ca Tn Quyn. Trc ht l Gia Ct Lng thuyt phc Tn Quyn, L Tc cnh thc y thm v cui cng l s h tr ca Chu Du - hot ng ngoi giao ca Gia Ct Lng c thnh qu huy hong l lin minh Tn - Lu. Khng th ph nhn, on m t trn ca T tr thng gim l c cn c. iu c bn l s dng chnh vn trong Tam quc ch v li ch dn ca Bi Tng Chi, v vn t tuy c i ch khc nhau (ni anh hng khng ni dng v thnh anh hng khng c t dng v) nhng khng phi l thm mm thm mui, khng h g, phi ni l chn thc, ng tin. Nhng y cng c vn , mu cht ca vn l Tam quc ch khng cho chng ta hay cuc tr chuyn gia Gia Ct Lng v Tn Quyn l vo lc no. Trc hay sau lc cng mi ngi bn bc, thng lng? Tam quc ch khng ni r iu ny. V vy chng ta mun hi, phi chng Tn Quyn khng h bn bc vi ai, ch bng vo cuc tr chuyn vi Gia Ct Lng p bn t ngay thi ? Theo ti, khng th ni nh vy. Th nht, To Tho pht ng chin tranh khng h c mun u vi Tn Quyn. Tam quc ch - V k ni rt r: Tho t Giang Lng nh Lu B, Tho n Xch Bch tc chin vi Lu B. Cng tc l, cuc chin tranh ny, bao gm c trn Xch Bch sau ny, ch l chin tranh gia To Lu, Tn Quyn b ko vo . To

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Tho mun nh Lu B, mun ot Kinh chu, chng lin quan g ti Tn Quyn, c chi, ch bng mt bui ni chuyn vi Gia Ct Lng, Tn Quyn b cun vo chn th phi , b ri vo h nc c ? C ngi ni, Gia Ct Lng dng phng php kch tng. Nh vy l c phn qu tr con, khc g vn hc ho lch s, coi chnh tr l tr a. Nn nh rng, nh chnh tr khng v tnh cm m quyt nh mt iu g , Tn Quyn cng khng ngoi l. ng vy, khi Tn Quyn cn tr, nhng l mt thiu nin trng thnh, khng ging nh Tn hu t trong Ty Du k c b kch l nhy ln lun. Th hai, ni b tp on Tn Quyn, lun c cch nhn khc nhau v vn ny. Khng t ngi ch trng nghing v To Tho, thm ch l u hng To Tho. Chng ta chng ngi g khi gi l Phi ch ha, hoc phi hng To, hoc phi b cu. L Tc, Chu Du v nhng ngi khc li ch trng lin hp Lu B, chng li To Tho. C th gi y l phi ch chin hoc phi lin Lu hoc phi chim ng. Hai phi khc bit rt ln. Tranh lun gay gt, gi l vn ch ho, v ch chin, m bt nh. ng nhin y l li ni trong kch, khng th coi l s liu; t vn thn v v tng phn bit thnh hai phi, c phn khng n gin. Nhng m bt nh th li l ng, c th ly nhng iu ghi chp trong Ng ch truyn, Chu Du truyn v L Tc truyn ni lc ny To cng c thm qun ca Biu, nn hnh th cc mnh, cc ni nhn vo u khip s, nhiu ngi khuyn Quyn nn nghnh n, duy Du v Tc chng li ; Chu Du truyn ni Tn Quyn gp mi ngi, hi k sch, mi ngi ch trng khuyn Quyn nn nghnh n, ring Tc khng ni nng g. R rng l m bt nh. Vn ch, s m bt nh c ng nh li T M Quang, xy ra sau khi Tn Quyn tr chuyn vi Gia Ct Lng v t thi ? Theo ti, khng phi nh th. Tp on Giang ng lun ch ti Kinh chu, t lu c phn ng. Ngha l phi chim ng v phi b cu sm hnh thnh, Tn Quyn cng c nhng tnh ton. Vi Tn Quyn, mt ngi gii v dng hin ti, ai ny u ht lng sao c th khinh sut t thi vi mt ngi ngoi ang ri vo tnh trng cnh tranh vi i th, khi khng c vic bn bc thng nht t tng trong ni b? Ngay La Qun Trung cng khng ngh ti vn ny. V vy, trc lc Gia Ct Lng gp Tn Quyn Tam quc din ngha c mc Khua li b bn nho. ng tic vic ny khng c trong s, coi nh khng tnh. V nu c l s thc th cng ch l bin lun gia phi chim ng Kinh chu v phi b cu Giang ng, khng phi l bui tho lun trong ni b tp on Tn Quyn. ng nhin, vic tho lun l c, bi hi ngh ni b tp on Tn Quyn c Tam quc din ngha sp t vo trc cuc tr chuyn gia Tn Quyn v Gia Ct Lng, nhng tic l hi ngh khng c kt lun. Hn na, c kt lun cng chng ch g, v n khng khp vi th t thi gian trong T tr thng gim.

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Th ba, hnh ng ln ny ca Gia Ct Lng thnh cng hay khng, khng hon ton da vo ti nng ngoi giao ca Gia Ct Lng m tu thuc vo li ch chnh tr ca tp on Giang ng. Cui cng th Tn Quyn quyt nh ra qun gip Lu B, nhng y khng phi l ng thi hnh hip trng ngha, gia ng thy s bt bng, m l bo v li ch c, thm ch l thc hin k hoch trc . K thc, c c mt quyt sch ln lao nh vy, ngi ta phi cn nhc k cng li ch chnh tr, tnh ton mi mt v c, mt. Nhng phn trc chng ta ni, mn n ny thc kh trang tri. Lm tt th c th coi l ly c ht d trong l la, lm khng tt th khc g dn la vo nh. Thc t, ht ging nh chi tr en, bi bc. Nu Tn Quyn tnh k; tnh chnh xc th khng cn c Gia Ct Lng vn c quyt sch, Chnh v nht thi khng nm c chnh xc nn mi do d. Qua y, c th khng nh, Tn Quyn t thi vi Gia Ct Lng, nhng khng phi ngay t u, cng khng phi do Gia Ct Lng kch tng. Tn Quyn bng lng gip Lu B, v trc c ngi gip Tn Quyn tnh ton k cng mn n kh. C th c ngi hi, l no ngi khng phi l Gia Ct Lng? Ti cho l khng phi. Bi v Gia Ct Lng khng c kh nng gip Tn Quyn tnh ton k cng v li ch chnh tr cng nh cn nhc mi mt ca vic c mt. Khng phi Gia Ct Lng khng lm vic , m l lm khng n ni n chn. Lm khng n ni n chn khng phi khng c trnh m v lp trng khng cho php. L s gi ca tp on Lu B, Gia Ct Lng c th i din cho li ch ca Lu B, khng th i din cho li ch ca Tn Quyn. V li ch ca Lu B, Gia Ct Lng c th gip Tn Quyn lp k hoch, c th x thn v k hoch . Nhng d phi x thn th lp trng cng khng i, sc thuyt phc vn nh c. Phn sau chng ta s ni tip v im ny. Hung h iu m Tn Quyn phi suy ngh, ngoi li ch ca tp o n Giang ng, cn c li ch ring ca Tn Quyn. T c th thy, ngi c th thuyt phc Tn Quyn, gip Tn Quyn c quyt sch, ch c th l ngi ca mnh trong ni b tp on. Ngi phi hiu r nhng suy ngh trong thm tm ca Tn Quyn, c th gip Tn Quyn tht chnh xc. Vy ngi l ai? Tp th hai mi hai: CHNG CHI VI SNG D Li khuyn ca Gia Ct Lng i vi Tn Quyn r rng l mt nt tinh t trong hot ng ngoi giao ca Gia Ct Lng. Nhng t li ch c bn ca tp on khin Tn Quyn cui cng cng phi quyt nh lin Lu chng To. L ngi pht ngn cho tp on Lu B, ng nhin Gia Ct Lng khng th i din cho li ch tp on Tn Quyn. Vy, ai c th t gc li ch c bn gip Tn Quyn phn tch, gip Tn Quyn c c quyt tm? Tp trc chng ta ni, lin Lu chng To l quyt nh ca Tn Quyn cn c vo li ch c nhn, li ch ca tp on. V vy, ngi gip Tn Quyn phi l ngi ca mnh trong ni b tp on, khng th l Gia Ct Lng. Gia Ct Lng

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vn l s gi ca tp on Lu, i din cho li ch ca Lu B, phi gi vng lp trng ca Lu B. Gia Ct Lng sao c th thm nhp vo th gii ni tm ca Tn Quyn, ht lng ht sc ngh thay cho Tn Quyn? Khng th thm nhp vo ni tm ngi khc, sao c th tnh ton sng phng mn n ? ng nhin n th vn phi tr. V, bin php ch yu Gia Ct Lng thuyt phc Tn Quyn cng l cch thanh ton mn n . Gia Ct Lng gip Tn Quyn thanh ton ba mn n. Mt l, trong lc mu cht, k nht l do d. iu ng quyt m khng quyt, tt s gp ho. Nh ngi hin nay ngoi th c v thun, nhng trong lng li do d. Kt qu tt nhin l mt lng c hai pha. Hai, Giang ng binh nhiu lng , Kinh chu th mnh, ch cn hai bn chng ta ng tm hip lc l c th ph c qun To. Ba, mt khi qun To tht li s phi lui v phng Bc. V nh vy, Kinh chu ca chng ti v lc lng ng Ng ca cc ngi s thm mnh, tnh th ba chn ca nh s hnh thnh (nh vy Kinh, Ng, th s mnh, chn nh s thnh), cho nn c hi thnh bi, quyt nh t hm nay. ng nhin, iu ny lm cho Tn Quyn phi suy ngh, nhng vn cha phi l iu tt nht. Bi v ba mn n m Gia Ct Lng ni ti vn cha ph i l ci c th ng ti, iu b mt n nu trong lng Tn Quyn. Hn na cch tnh ton ca Tn Quyn cng c vn . L vn g? C hai mn n cha tnh n. Th nht, Gia Ct Lng ch ni v sao ngi phi u hng, v sao phi tranh u, khng th ngi nhn, do d khng quyt, nhng cha ni u hng th s nh th no. V y mi l vn mu cht. Nu u hng m tt th sao li khng? Th hai, Gia Ct Lng ni, nu chin thng c To Tho, c th chia ba thin h, t ra cng c th chia ba Kinh chu, cn khi bi th th no? Lu D chu cc ngi bi trn l t chuc ly. Cn Tn tng qun l b ngi ko xung nc. Ta m bi th ai l ngi s chn ct ta? iu Gia Ct Lng cng khng ni. Nh vy, chng khc g ni, chng ta i cp ngn hng vy! Cp xong, c i tha h m tiu tin. Nhng b pht hin th s ngi t, b chm u, nhng khng c ai bo cho bit. Cnh st n bt, ta cng mc anh. Mi ngi ngh xem, c ai bo cho bit nhng iu khng? Nu ti l Tn Quyn, ti s chng mc vo ci by . K thc, binh m cha ng, cha nn ngh ti tht bi, chn l ny khng phi Gia Ct Lng khng bit! Cng vy, mu hoch cho ai th phi ni ht vi ngi ta, chn l ny khng phi khng bit. Nhng v sao Gia Ct Lng li khng ni? V khng c cch no khc. Qun To ang trn ng, st kh ng ng, mt nhn hau hu. Nu Tn Quyn khng ra qun, Lu B ch cn ng cht. Gia Ct Lng th sao? Cng Lu B kt tnh su sc, quyt tm cng hon nn, cng sng cht. V k t lc Lu Bi ba ln n lu tranh, Gia Ct Lng mi ch bn vic binh trn giy, cha c cht cng trng no. Ln ny sang s ng Ng thuyt phc Tn Quyn, y chnh l cng u t lc ra khi lu tranh ca Gia Ct Lng. Bt lun l o ngha hay l sch lc, Gia Ct Lng ch c th tm trm phng ngn k du thuyt Tn Quyn,

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khng cn cch la chn no khc! Cho nn, chng ta khng th trch Gia Ct Lng khng ni r rng, e cng khng phi. Tn Quyn s d khng truy hi m ch vui v hng ng li Gia Ct Lng v trc c ngi thuyt phc. Vy, ngi l ai? Ti ngh, l L Tc. V sao li l L Tc? V L Tc l nh thit k sch lc chnh sch v ng li chnh tr ca tp on ng Ng. Phn trc ni, L Tc l ng i c Long Trung i, bn ng Ng. Cn c vo quy hoch ca L Tc, vo di chc chnh tr ca Tn Sch, ng li chnh tr ca ng Ng s l gi Giang ng m nhn thnh bi, chia ba trc thng nht sau. Bc mt, cng c v pht trin c nghip ca Tn Sch li; bc hai, ot Kinh chu v ch chu, cng To Tho vch sng tr; bc ba, ch lc thch hp s bc pht, thng nht Trung Quc, xy dng vng triu mi. Phi ni y l quy hoch rt hay, bao gm c ba bc gn, va, xa; ba mc tiu cao, va, thp. Cng lnh cao nht, mc tiu xa nht l thng nht thin h, cng lnh thp nht, mc tiu gn nht l gi vng Giang ng, giai on gia l ot Kinh v ch chu. ng nhin Kinh chu v ch chu khng phi Tn Quyn v L Tc ni mun ly l ly c ngay. Mt khi cho thuyn trn dng nc ngc, khng tin th ch c thoi. C mt sch lc ly cng th, nh vy, nu km cng c th xng c ct c mt phng, v vy c th ni l cch tnh ton nh nht. Nhng cch tnh ton nh c cn c tin quan trng, l Kinh chu cn nm trong tay Lu Biu. Lu Biu phn ng chm chp, yu ui v nng, khng c ch tin th, t bn n nc Ng, ng nhin mi c k hoch nh Lu Biu. V vy, To Tho nam chinh v Lu Biu qua i lm tan mt gic mng p ca Tn Quyn v L Tc. L Tc thc ngay c tnh nghim trng ca s vic, mi xin php c sang Kinh chu ngay, lp tc Tn Quyn ph chun hnh ng ca L Tc. Thc ng tic, Tn Quyn, L Tc cng vy, Lu B, Gia Ct Lng cng vy, u khng ng To Tho li nhanh n vy, kt qu Tc cha n m To cng gn k. Th l L Tc quyt on ngay, xut vi Lu B, hai bn lin hp cng lo s nghip ln trn i. Thc t l mun Lu B l mi tn cn ch, khng Kinh chu ri vo tay To Tho. Nh vy, liu Tn Quyn c ng lin Lu chng To hay khng, c nhin Gia Ct Lng rt st rut, L Tc cng st rut. Lc ny To Tho gip hai ngi. Do chng ta khng th xc nh c nguyn nhn, khng hiu v sao To Tho c th gi Tn Quyn, Ta phng mnh i nh k c ti, gng c xung pha nam, Lu Tn b tay. Nay ta a tm mi vn thy qun, mun n nc Ng cng i sn vi tng qun. C th dch ngha nh sau: gn y lo phu phng mnh triu nh i nh k c ti. Qun k ch xung pha nam, Lu Tn gi tay xin hng, lc ny lo phu li chun b tm mi vn thu qun, cng tng qun i sn trn t Ng. ng l khu kh mnh m hay ho. Cho nn, lc Tn Quyn chuyn bc th cho b h ai ny u b chn ng, tht sc.

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L th ca To Tho l im mu cht ca bn n, v n l th tuyn chin ca To Tho vi nc Ng, cng l bc ngot trong tnh th bin chuyn gp. Trc y l trn chin gia Tn Lu, tc l To Tho, nh Lu Biu, hng Lu Tn, nh Lu B. Lc ny Tn Quyn c th ng xa m nhn la. Nhng khi bc th va ti, trn chin To Lu bin thnh trn chin To Tn, vic ca Lu B bin thnh vic ca bn thn Tn Quyn. Tn Quyn chng cn cch no ngi xem thnh bi. iu ny thc khc thng. V vy, chng ta mun hi, To Tho c vit bc th khng? V sao To Tho li vit bc th ? Bc th ca To Tho gi n ch Tn Quyn vo lc no? Nguyn vn bc th ca To Tho khng thy trong chnh vn Tam quc ch, m thy li ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Ng ch truyn. Cch ni trong chnh vn l To cng va mi thng Biu, tnh th rt mnh, ai ny cng khip s, nhiu ngi khuyn Quyn ra nghnh n, Chu Du truyn cng ni, sau khi To Tho ot c Kinh chu, bn Giang ng Tng s nghe tin u s, cng khng thy ni n th t g c. Chng ta u bit, Giang Biu truyn l tc phm ca Ng Ph ngi nc Tn, sau ny ngi b con l Ngu Bt em tng cho Tn Nguyn . l vic ca thi ng Tn, ng nhin l Trn Th khng bit. Nhng To Tho vit th cho Tn Quyn, c coi l vic ln, Trn Th cng khng bit sao? V sao Tam quc ch khng ghi bc th m cng cch ni nh trng thy m s, nghe thy m hi. V vy, To Tho c vit bc th hay khng, n nay vn cn l nghi vn. Vic To Tho vit th c coi l k quc. Nh trc ni, mc ch ban u cuc chin To Tho pht ng l nh Lu Biu, dit Lu B, chim ot Kinh chu, khng lin quan ti Tn Quyn. Theo Tam quc ch. Trnh Dc truyn, lc Lu B chy n H Khu, tr Trnh Dc, rt nhiu mu s ca To Tho u cho rng, Tn Quyn nht nh s git Lu B (ai cng bo Tn Quyn s git B). l ngh chung ca tp on To Tho. Hin nhin, lc ny iu m To Tho mong mun nht l Tn Quyn gip mnh git Lu B, t ra th cng gi trung lp. C g To Tho li vit bc th chm chc nh vy? C hc gi (nh ngi Don Vn Cng) cho rng, To Tho vit th uy hip, nghe c l. Bi v binh lc ca To Tho c thm na cng khng tm mi vn, ly u ra tm mi vn thu qun? R rng y l tr h trng thanh th! Vy, v sao To Tho phi h trng thanh th? L cnh co Tn Quyn hoc nhc nh Tn Quyn: ch nhc ng c dnh vo vic ca ngi khc! Khng nn gip Lu B, cng khng nn nhm ng ti Kinh chu. Nu ngi c chc ngoy lung tung th ng trch lo phu! Uy hip ng nhin cng l mt th on thng dng trong chin tranh, hung chi To Tho mt gian hng! R rng binh c di tr, nhng y cng c mt

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vn , lm nh vy liu c b mt kt qu ngc li khng? Theo d on ca mu s Trnh Dc, Tn Quyn c kh nng s lin kt vi Lu B. Trnh Dc ni, To cng vn l v ch thin h, gn y li ly c Kinh chu uy trn Giang Biu. Tn Quyn tuy c dng c mu, nhng tui tr, tng tri t, cm qun cha lu, n phng c m t ra lc bt tng tm. Lu B c cht anh hng, Quan V, Trng Phi u ch mun ngi, nht nh Tn Quyn s li dng h i ph vi To cng. Nu h bt tay nhau, tnh th s kh phn gii, git Lu B cng tr nn kh khn. Trnh Dc d kin rt c l. Tn Quyn b uy hip tt phi tm ngi gip Lu B bi trn tt phi chy sang pha ng Ng - vi To Tho m ni th kt qu tt nht l, Tn Quyn li ging nh Vin Thiu, Lu Biu, ch nui sng Lu B ch khng dung cng khng gip. Trong tnh th , ta e da Tn Quyn h chng phi bc h phi kt b ng, kt ng minh vi nhau sao? To Tho hiu c iu . Mt nm trc y, Vin Thng v Vin Hi b To Tho nh cho ti t phi chy v Liu ng, To Tho khng truy ui, cng khng tin nh Cng Tn Khang - ngi cha chp hai k . To Tho ni, bc lm chng s hp li, c t t, chng s git nhau, chi bng c chng nh ln nhau. Trc mt thi gian, lc nh Vin m, Vin Thng, Quch Gia cng tng ni nh vy. Th mi thc l sng sut. Vy, v sao ln ny To Tho li khng ch h t git nhau, li mun p h? V vy cng khng loi tr mt kh nng khc, tc l sau khi chim c Kinh chu mt cch thun li. To Tho mi c c voi i tin, mun nhn th m tin ti dit nt ng Ng. Cui cng th trong tay To Tho khng ch c nm ngn khinh k binh, m pha sau cn c mi my vn i qun. C kh nng l nh vy. Tam quc ch. Gi H truyn ni, Thi t ph Kinh chu, mun thun dng xung Giang ng, v Gi H phn i. Gi H cho rng, trc ph Vin th, nay thu Hn Nam, uy danh vang xa. Bc sau, nn thc hnh chnh sch mm mng, ph d s dn Kinh chu, h an c lc nghip, sng nhng ngy ho bnh, n nh. V nh vy th qun lnh s c ngh ngi m Giang ng cng s thn phc. Qua my li trn thy r, khi To Tho thun xung Giang ng l nh Tn Quyn. V vy c ba kh nng To Tho vit l th : mt, To Tho mun h chin biu vi Tn Quyn; hai, To Tho mun h da Tn Quyn; ba, To Tho khng vit th. Ti cho rng l th c th c v cng c th khng. Nhng nu c vit, th l h chin biu vi Tn Quyn, cn nh l th n Giang ng vo lc no, sau ny s ni tip. V, c ni nh To Tho khng vit l th ny th tnh hnh bn pha ng Ng cng ht sc khn trng. Ring vic To Tho tn cng o t vo Kinh chu cng h nghe thy m s. Hn na, bt k l ni th no, To Tho thun dng xung pha ng, u mu cha thng vo chnh l Tn Quyn. V vy, bt k l To Tho c vit bc th kia hay khng th mi ngi Giang ng u c cm gic ho

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ln gn k. Chnh v vy mi c ch trng u hng To Tho. Nu To Tho ch mun dit Lu B th vic g h phi u hng? n lc la mnh mi bit u l vng thc. By gi, Tn Quyn quyt nh triu tp hi ngh khn cp, vi l do c tin qun To ti nh. T tr thng gim v Tam quc din ngha u ni l nhn c th ca To Tho, Tam quc ch. L Tc truyn ni l c tin To Tho mun xung pha ng. Nhiu kh nng l tin tc tnh bo. Thi cng tc tnh bo ca cc bn u lm rt tt. Tm li, Tn Quyn bit chc l, To Tho s nh ti, nn mi cng b h bn xem nn lm th no. Kt qu, t trn xung di u l mt ging u hng, quan vin ln b u khuyn Tn Quyn ra nghnh n, ch c L Tc l yn lng (Tc khng ni g). Tn Quyn thy kh chu lin b ra nh tiu, L Tc theo lun ra ti hnh lang. Vi s thng minh ca mnh, Tn Quyn bit ngay L Tc c g mun ni, hn na l ci g rt quan trng, lin cm ly tay L Tc, Tc h c iu g mun ni vi ta phi khng? ng l L Tc c iu mun ni v hiu rng y l c hi tt nht thuyt phc Tn Quyn, c iu khng tin ni trc mt mi ngi. V sao vy? Chng ta u bit, vic L Tc n Tng Dng gp Lu B. Khuyn Lu B lin hp vi Tn Quyn, c Tn Quyn ph chun. Lc xin php, L Tc ni rt r, mc ch chuyn i l thuyt phc B em qun Biu, ng tm nht tr, cng nh To Tho. Nhng vy th sao Tn Quyn cn do d? V cn mt mn n cha bit tnh th no. Khng gip Lu B, Kinh chu l ca To Tho; gip Lu B, Kinh chu li thuc v Lu B. Cn nh khng gip ai, xui tay bng quan th Kinh chu cng chng th bin thnh ca mnh. Thc kh c c quyt sch. Nhng lc ny th vn bin i, khng cn l c nn gip Lu B khng, hoc c nn hng To khng? Mn n d gii hn nhiu. Mn n c r rng th mi vic cng c r rng. Th ri L Tc ni vi Tn Quyn, my li ca mi ngi ban ny u l la di tng qun. u hng To Tho c th, nhng cn phi xem ngi l ai, nh L Tc c th; cn Tng qun th khng c. V sao vy? L Tc hng To, s c To Tho cho v qu hng, c a phng bnh phm, c gim nh ti nng v phm hnh. Sau L Tc c th lm mt vin quan nh c s, ngi trn xe tru, cng bn ty tng, giao thip cng s i phu, ri tng bc tng bc thng tin, lm qun th, chu mc l khng thnh vn . Nhng nu tng qun cng u hng To Tho, th tng qun s i v u? ng nhin, cng ch c th ni nh vi nhau nh vy thi, nhng my li trng tim en ca Tn Quyn. Tn Quyn th di, ta ly lm tht vng v my li ca h. Ch c li ca nhn huynh mi l mu su k xa, thc trng vi ta, ng l tri xanh ban nhn huynh cho ta (k ln khanh va ni, cng l ca c, ng l tri ban khanh cho c)!

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L Tc nhn thy tm t ca Tn Quyn nn mi ni vy; v L Tc c th hiu Tn Quyn, cn v L Tc v Tn Quyn c cng mt suy ngh. tp trc chng ta ni, nhng quy hoch trong Long Trung i, bn ng Ng ca L Tc c ni dng vng ri ly thin h. Lc nghe xong, Tn Quyn t ra lnh nht, lc ny ta ra sc v mt phng, ct ph t Hn tht, nhng iu tc h ni liu c ch g? Vi tnh th t nc v lc lng ng Ng khi , Tn Quyn cng ch ni c nh vy, nhng trong lng chc tn thnh v sung sng. Theo Tam quc ch. L Tc truyn, hai mi nm sau, trc lc ng n xng , Tn Quyn cn quay li ni vi mi ngi, t lu L T Knh ni ti ngy ny, ng l gii v th s. R rng liu c ch g l li ni di, cn gii v th s mi l li ni t y lng. Tn Quyn xng c min nam, l no li c th xng thn vi min bc? L Tc tnh ton r rng mn n . Khng u hng To Tho th ch cn cch l lin hp vi Lu B. ng l khng cn cch la chn no khc. Nhng nu nh khng thng th sao. L Tc khng ni, Tn Quyn cng khng hi, Bi v kt qu ca chin bi v u hng chng khc g nhau, nhng chin u th quang vinh hn nhiu, nhng ch c ngi ca mnh ni ra mi hp v Tn Quyn nghe mi lt. Cng vy, cng ch c L Tc v Tn Quyn mi c c nhng li ni t y lng. V, Tn Quyn thc hiu, vi mnh th kt qu ca u hng hoc chin bi l nh nhau v cng cn thit phi hi thm Gia Ct Lng. Cho nn bui ni chuyn gia L Tc v Tn Quyn l trc lc vi Gia Ct Lng v gn nh mi vic c nh ot. V vn ny, chng ta khng th m tn T tr thng gim. y l cun sch c ng hng r rt. Chng ta u bit, nh s hc T M Quang khng th ba ra truyn, nhng ngi T M c th chn truyn v s liu c li cho To Tho, hoc khng c li cho Lu B. Cu ni Tri xanh ban khanh cho ta, Tn Quyn ni vi L Tc cng b lc b. Trn chin Tha th gia To Tho v L B t hai ngy i thnh mt ngy. Nhng nt gn nh vy trong T tr thng gim kh nhiu, sao chng ta li khng th c thm mt cch nhn khc? T M Quang khng ch, ch ly ch b v mt s liu m ngay c v mt th t thi gian cng khng r rng. Chng ta u bit Tam quc ch ca Trn Th l loi sch s. c im ca sch l, nhng s kin pht sinh trong cng mt thi k thng thy ri rc trong truyn ca tng ngi, nhng nu khng a ra c mt thi gian chnh xc th bit th no u l trc u l sau. Li ca L Tc v Gia Ct Lng l nh vy. Nhng T tr thng gim l sch s theo nm thng th phi c vn trc v sau. Ai trc ai sau, cng s bin thnh loi bt php Xun Thu. Trong qu trnh quyt sch ca Tn Quyn cng c vn ny. Theo ghi chp trong Tam quc ch. L Tc truyn, sau lc Lu B v L Tc bn nh xong, Lu B thng ti H Khu, Lng thay quyn, cng Tc tr v, cho nn T tr thng gim

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ni, Gia Ct Lng v L Tc n Si Tang i gp Tn Quyn, l khng c vn . Vn l my ch i gp Tn Quyn, l hai ngi cng i gp hay tng ngi mt. Mi ngi u ni tng ngi mt. Vy, ai gp trc, ai gp sau? T M Quang ni Gia Ct Lng gp trc v sau khi Gia Ct Lng thuyt phc c Tn Quyn, Tn Quyn mi i gp ton th qun thn, trong c L Tc. T M Quang ni, Quyn mng r, cng vi qun thn lp mu. V nh vy, Gia Ct Lng vo trc l ch, cng u thuyt phc Tn Quyn thuc v Gia Ct Lng. Tic rng, cu ni Quyn mng r, cng vi qun thn lp mu l li ca T M Quang. Tam quc ch. Gia Ct Lng truyn ni, Quyn mng r, lin c Chu Du, Trnh Ph, L Tc v ba vn thy qun, theo Lng cng Tin ch hp lc, chng li To cng. Theo my li trn th Tn Quyn cha h ni chuyn vi L Tc v Chu Du hoc cui cng mi ni chuyn vi Gia Ct Lng. ng nhin l khng ng. V vy, chn tng s vic phi l th ny: Lc L Tc v Gia Ct Lng v n Si Tan g th th ca To Tho cng va ti. T M Quang tha nhn im ny, v vy mi s dng t l thi (lc ny). Lc ny, ng nhin l Tn Quyn cha h gp ngay Gia Ct Lng, m trc ht phi thng nht nhn thc trong ni b. V vy mi c chuyn Tn Quyn triu tp hp khn cp, v c cuc ni chuyn ring vi L Tc. Thi gian biu trong Tam quc din ngha l nh vy, chnh l ln tr chuyn ny, khin Tn Quyn hiu ra rng, u hng To Tho l ht ng. Ch c lin Lu chng To, mi c th xng c nh hin nay v tng lai s thnh nghip. L Tc gi l mt li hng bang. Lng d Tn Quyn hiu rt r v im ny. Theo Tam quc ch. L Tc truyn, sau khi To Tho tht bi trong trn chin Xch Bch, L Tc tr v nc, Tn Quyn phi rt nhiu nhn vt hng u ra nghnh n (mi ch tng ra n Tc). L Tc n trc in, ang mun vo hnh l, Tn Quyn ng ln, gi tn tc L Tc, T Knh , bn tng qun mun xung nga nghnh n, hnh din cha? L Tc bc gp ln trc ni, khng phi th. Nghe ni vy, mi ngi v cng ngc nhin. Ch khi mi ngi yn v, L Tc mi t t nng chic roi trong tay ni, nguyn vng ca Tc l mong tng qun ngi ch tn, uy khp bn bin, nht thng chn chu, dng thnh nghip , sau phi mt chic xe nh, thoi mi n n L Tc, th mi thc l hnh din! Tn Quyn nghe xong v tay ci ln, bi v nhng li trng ca mnh. Chng ta cn c th a thm ra mt chng c na. Theo Giang Biu truyn, Lc Tn Quyn ng c, qun thn u n chc mng. Trng Chiu cng nng ht chun b ca tng cng c. Tn Quyn ngn li ni, nm nu trm nghe li Trng cng, e by gi phi i n xin! Kt qu, Trng Chiu tot m hi ph phc ngay xung. Xem ra Tn Quyn khng bao gi qun c bui tranh lun thng thn nm no. T m suy, thc s nh ng c Tn Quyn, nht nh l cu ni ca L Tc lc : Tng qun nghnh n To Tho, l mun c yn chng?

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Thi cc s gia Trn Th, Bi Tng Chi trc thi T M Quang, v vn ny r rng l khch quan v ng n hn nhiu. Trong li ch dn L Tc truyn v Chu Du truyn ca mnh, Bi Tng Chi ni rt r: Lu B v Tn Quyn hip lc, cng chng To Tho, l theo k ca Tc; Lp k chng To cng, thc t L Tc. Cng tc l ni, L Tc kin ngh Lu B lin hp vi Tn Quyn, thuyt phc Tn Quyn lin hp vi Lu B cng chnh l L Tc. L Tc l ngi u tin ng h lin minh Tn Lu, cng l cng thn th nht ca lin minh Tn Lu. C iu, L Tc ch l ngi gip Tn Quyn tnh r mn n v chnh tr, gii quyt vn nh hay khng nh, L Tc khng gip Tn Quyn tnh ton mn n v qun s, m khng gip gii quyt vn ny th nh th no c. Vy, ai gii quyt vn c th nh c khng? Tp th hai mi ba: TR GIA DNG NC Sau khi nghe li khuyn ca L Tc v Gia Ct Lng, Tn Quyn thc thi th, suy xt k cng mi quyt nh lin hp vi Lu B, chng li To Tho. Nhng tin hnh mt cuc chin quan trng y nguy him nh vy khng th khng tnh n kh nng v mt qun s. Vy, ai l ngi gip Tn Quyn phn tch v kh nng , v cui cng, Tn Quyn c quyt sch v s b tr nh th no? tp trc chng ta ni, L Tc ni r li hi vi Tn Quyn, ni thng ra rng Tng qun nghnh n To, hng c yn thn, t , Tn Quyn quyt tm chng li To Tho. Nhng L Tc ch gip Tn Quyn tnh r v mn n chnh tr, khng gip c Tn Quyn v mt qun s m thc cht th y mi l vn quan trng. R rng L Tc hiu c nh vy nn mi ngh Tn Quyn nhanh chng triu Chu Du - ang trn ng i Phin Dng (nay l huyn Phin Dng, Giang Ty) v gp. Sau khi nhn c lnh, Chu Du quay v Si Tang ngay. Trong Tam quc ch. L Tc truyn c ghi r vic ny, nguyn vn l Khi Chu Du nhn lnh n Phin Dng, Tc khuyn triu Chu Du v. Nhng Chu Du truyn khng ni vic ny, ch ni Tn Quyn triu tp hi ngh khn cp, mi ngi u ch trng u hng, vp phi s ch trch mnh m ca Chu Du. V vy, lc ch dn Chu Du truyn Bi Tng Chi ly lm bt bnh thay cho L Tc. Bi Tng Chi ni, L Tc l ngi u tin xut phi chng li To Tho (lp k chng To cng, Tc l ngi u tin), quan im ca Chu Du bt qu l tng ng vi L Tc (ngm ging vi Tc), mi c th cng lp cng ln. Nhng trong Chu Du truyn khng c mt ch no nhc ti, mu hoch trc ca L Tc, khin ngi ta c cm gic k khng c l ca mt mnh Chu Du, nh vy l phi sch cng lao ca L Tc (gt b ci tt ca L Tc). C th Bi Tng Chi ni hi nng. Trn Th vit nh th, chc g l mun gt b ci tt ca L Tc chng qua ch l tic mc nh vng, khng mun nhc li, nu

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khng phi th th chng c my cu nh trong L Tc truyn. Cng vy, quan im ca Chu Du cng v tt l ngm ging vi Tc, ch s l qu ging, nu khng chng c chuyn L Tc ngh Tn Quyn triu gp Chu Du v. Nu Chu Du cng ging bn Trng Chiu, u thuc phi u hng, L Tc mi Chu Du quay v, chng phi gy thm phin h cho mnh sao? L Tc u c ngc n th. C vy m xt, th mn kch ly tr khch Chu Du trong Tam quc din ngha tr thnh chuyn khi hi bun ci, chng ng n cht no. Theo cch ni ca Tam quc din ngha th th nht, kin ngh triu Chu Du v khng phi L Tc, m l ch ca Ng quc thi. Th hai, Chu Du cng khng phi c Tn Quyn triu v, m l t v. Chu Du c tin qun To ng tin, nn vi v tr v, kt qu: s cha i, Chu Du tr v. Th ba, sau khi v n Si Tang, Chu Du khng vi i gp Tn Quyn, trc ht gp vn thn v tng ng Ng, sau l gp Gia Ct Lng, sng sm ngy th hai mi i gp Tn Quyn. Th t, lc gp mt s ngi , thi ca Chu Du ht sc mm mng, gp ngi ni ting ngi, gp qu ni ting qu. Ch khi mi ngi i khi Chu Du mi khng ngt ci nht. Th nm, lc ny Gia Ct Lng, Chu Du li ht iu u hng, lm cho L Tc m mm c u c, tn khi Gia Ct Lng ni ti cu nht hai nng Kiu bn ng Nam trong bi ph i ng Tc, Chu Du mi nhy ln v hin nguyn hnh, v cng mi c li ni khng khi ch trng chng To trong hi ngh hm sau. y chnh l Khng Minh dng tr khch Chu Du, Tn Quyn quyt k ph To Tho. R rng y phn h cu v phn kch qu nhiu. Nh Ng quc thi l chuyn ba ra. Ng quc thi vn l em gi Ng phu nhn, cng Ng phu nhn u l v Tn Kin. Chuyn ny khng c trong s, c nhiu kh nng khng phi vy. Theo Tam quc ch. Ng phu nhn truyn, nm Tn Kin thy Ng phu nhn (lc ny phi gi l Ng c nng) ti mo song ton, nn mun cu hn; nhng gia tc bn n li him v Kin ngng cung, chun b c tuyt, Tn Kin va xu h va cm hn. Ng c nng lin ni, vic g phi v mt a con gi m chuc ly ho? Nu phi g cho ngi chng ra g th cng l s mnh! Lc ny Ng gia mi g con gi cho Tn Kin. Mi ngi ngh xem, ngay c Ng phu nhn, lc u Ng gia cng c mun g u, th lm sao li cn thm mt c em gi h Ng na? Vy v sao phi to ra mt Ng quc thi gi? V i vi qu trnh quyt sch ca Tn Quyn Tam quc din ngha li ni khc. Hi th bn mi ba v hi th bn mi t trong Tam quc din ngha ni, sau khi L Tc v Gia Ct Lng v n Si Tang, L Tc mi Gia Ct Lng ra ngh nh khch cn mnh th i gp Tn Quyn. ng vo lc Tn Quyn v mi ngi ang bn v l th ca To Tho, mi ngi u ch trng u hng, ring L Tc c kin phn i. Cng tc l L Tc ni chuyn vi Tn Quyn trc lc Tn Quyn ni chuyn vi Gia Ct Lng. Th t ny khc vi trong T tr thng gim, nhng r rng l hp l hn nhiu.

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Vn l, Tam quc din ngha mun cao Gia Ct Lng. V cao Gia Ct Lng nn phi h thp L Tc, phi gim bt ngha ca bui ni chuyn ca L Tc, cng khng th L Tc thnh cng nhanh chng. V vy, Tn Quyn tuy tn thnh L Tc, nhng vn c nghi vn. Th l L Tc kin ngh Tn Quyn tr chuyn vi Gia Ct Lng, v vy mi c Khua li b bn nho ca Gia Ct Lng v bui tr chuyn gia Gia Ct Lng v Tn Quyn. Sau khi Gia Ct Lng ni xong, Tn Quyn mi ni: Li tin sinh nh vt b my m, ta quyt, ht mi nghi ng. S bn ngay vic khi binh, cng dit To Tho. Nu nh vy, th Gia Ct Lng l ngi c cng trong vic thuyt phc Tn Quyn. Nhng lc ny th Chu Du vn cha xut hin! Chng ta khng th khng thy hoc xem nh tc dng ca Chu Du! Th nn Tam quc din ngha mi c thm tnh tit nh th ny: tin tc v thi ca Tn Quyn truyn ra ngoi, bn Trng Chiu u ni, trng phi gian k cng li ng Ng xung nc ca Khng Minh, v n khuyn Tn Quyn, Tn Quyn cng thm do d. Lc ny, L Tc c n ni g thm cng v ch. V lc ny L Tc b nghi l t thng vi nc ngoi, li ni khng cn hiu lc. Hung chi, cao Gia Ct Lng, L Tc di ngi bt ca La Qun Trung, tr thnh ngi trung hu thc th nhung v dng. Khng th c ch ! th th phi tm ngi ni, tm cch ni, nh li di ngn ca Tn Sch: nu c vic trong khng quyt th hi Trng Chiu, vic ngoi khng quyt th hi Chu Du, y l cch ni tt nht. hi th hai mi chn trong Tam quc din ngha ghi nh vy. l li Tn Sch ni vi Ng phu nhn, Tn Quyn cng bit. Vn l, nht thi Tn Quyn khng nh, Trng Chiu c ni g cng khng thch hp, Ng phu nhn qua i t nm Kin An th VII hoc nm th XII (lch s c hai cch ni), nn phi ba ra mt c em gi l Ng quc thi. ng nhin, v Ng quc thi ny cn c mt tc dng na, l ln cha xem r hin (hi th nm mi t), Tn Quyn l gia trng bn nh gi lc g em. K thc, khng ch v Ng quc thi m ngay c di ngn ca Tn Sch, u l t khng m c. Nhng nu khng th th bit lm g c th tng thm cng lao ca Gia Ct Lng trong trn Xch Bch? Thc t th tt c nhng ci u v s xut hin ca Gia Ct Lng v Gia Ct Lng biu din v kch hay Dng tr khch Chu Du. V kch ny c biu din vo m khuya, cu chuyn mi ngi quen thuc, khng cn phi k. Theo ti, y l v kch khi hi, hnh tng ca ba ngi u chng ra g. L Tc th chng phi ni, ngn ng n n n bun ci. Chu Du v Gia Ct Lng, mt ngi ln mt ta y, mt ngi vui bun rt qui. Ba ngi bt u cu chuyn, Chu Du v thuc phi u hng, ra sc bo v cho vic u hng. Kt qu th L Tc ng ngc, Gia Ct Lng ci nht. Ng ngc l c l, vi L Tc th Chu Du phi l phi ch chin. Hung h trc Chu Du cho L Tc mt vin nh tm: T Knh ng lo, t Du c ch trng. Th nay, v sao ch trong nhy mt thnh phi u hng? iu ny cn phi ng no. Cng tc l, sau khi ng ngc cn phi suy ngh. Nhng L Tc li khng, c cho l tht v lo lng. iu thc khc hn vi mt nh chnh tr tng vit Long trung i theo bn ng Ng?

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Gia Ct Lng ci nht cn ng bun ci hn. Vi ti tr thng minh v gii quan st, l no Gia Ct Lng li khng thy Chu Du ang v vnh? Li cng nhau di tr, ni nng lung tung, mt c t cch. Gia Ct Lng ni vi L Tc, T Knh , sao li ging vi Lu D chu ca chng ta, khng thc thi? Hy nhn xem, by gi th Lu D chu cn g na u? Ch ca Cng Cn huynh thc hay, c th gi c vinh hoa ph qu, c th gi c v con, quc gia hng vong g g, th c mc! Nh vy c ging vi Gia Ct Lng khng ? Chu Du cng bun ci. R rng l nhn s k thc ca B Ph, c l g li un gi hng To; T lc ri khi h Phin Dng, mun bc pht; nhng mi khi Gia Ct Lng ni ti bi ph i ng Tc mi ni gin ng ng ni, Ta v tn gic gi khng th cng tn ti. Xin hi y l cuc tranh ginh Trung Nguyn hay v k, nh ghen? y l trn chin Xch Bch hay l chin tranh thnh T-roa. ng nhin, Tam quc din ngha vit nh vy, cng khng phi khng c l. C l nh th no? ng nh sau ny Chu Du ni: Li va ni ch ct th nhau thi. Th ra Chu Du ang thm d Gia Ct Lng. V sao Chu Du phi thm d Gia Ct Lng? Theo Tam quc din ngha th l biu hin ca tnh cch. Con ngi Chu Du vn hp hi khng rng lng. V hp hi nn d dng nghi ng ngi khc, mun thm d. Vn l, khng th ch ni ti tnh cch, cn phi ni ti o l. Hai ngi i din cho li ch ca tng tp on, va quen bit, ln u hp tc, th ni chung u cn phi thm d, hung h quan h ca hai tp on Giang ng v Kinh chu li khng hay lm. Nhng, th nht, s thm d ny phi xut pht t c hai pha, v sao Gia Ct Lng li khng thm d Tn Quyn v Chu Du? Th hai, phi c ni dung thm d, khng th ch thm d v phi thm d. Vy, xin hi, Chu Du ang thm d ci g? Lp trng? Thi ? Thnh ? Thc khng cn thit! S vic qu r rng. Nu tp on Lu B c th u hng To Tho th vic gi cn phi chy n y xin cc ngi? chnh l nguyn nhn Gia Ct Lng khng phi thm d Tn Quyn v Chu Du. Tc l, Lu B cng ng, ch c th cu cu Tn tng qun. Lc ny, nu nh Tn Quyn c u hng th Gia Ct Lng cng phi mt dn my dy gi li, nu li, vic g Gia Ct Lng cn phi thm d? Gia Ct Lng khng cn ng la chn th vic g cc ngi cn phi thm d? V cng chng c l g phi dng tr khch Chu Du. Chng ta u bit, Gia Ct Lng lc cha ra khi Long Trung hiu thin h s chia ba, r rng, lc thng Gia Ct Lng rt quan tm n thi cuc, hiu rt r v tnh hnh pha ng Ng, khng th khng bit v thi , lp trng ca Chu Du. M d trc y cha thc r th trn ng t H Khu n Si Tang, Gia Ct Lng phi hi L Tc cho r rng. Gia Ct Lng l ngi thn trng thu o, hin ang nhn nhim v cc k quan trng, l no li khng tm hiu mi tnh hnh trc khi vo vic, l no li khng tm hiu v mt nhn vt quan trng nh Chu Du? Lc ny Gia Ct Lng v L Tc tr thnh bn b, c cng mt ch trng. M d Gia Ct Lng khng hi, th L

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Tc cng s ch ng gii thiu v Chu Du. V vy, Gia Ct Lng hn phi bit r Chu Du l ngi nh th no, hn phi bit r, khng cn phi khch Chu Du. Vy, Chu Du l ngi nh th no? Mt cu thi: thuc phi chim ng cng rn. L Tc ngh Tn Quyn triu Chu Du v, khng ch v Chu Du am hiu vic qun s, nm r tnh hnh m cn v Chu Du thuc phi chim ng cng rn. y mi l iu quan trng nht. Nm Kin An th VII (nm 2002), Vin Thiu bnh v qua i, To tho kh th bng bng, i Tn Quyn phi a con em lm con tin. Khi bn Trng Chiu do d khng quyt, cn Chu Du, vi li l nghim chnh thuyt phc Tn Quyn c tuyt s o p ca To Tho. V cng chnh t ln , Ng phu nhn l m ca Tn Quyn c thi r rng, con mnh nhn Chu Du - ch km Tn Sch mt thng tui, l huynh trng, Chu Du l ngi nh vy, th vic ly tr khch v.v... c coi l tha. C th c ngi hi, Chu Du trc kia c thi mnh th by gi s khng mm yu hay sao? Trc kia l phi chim ng th by gi s khng bin thnh phi b cu? Khng th. Bi v thi ca Chu Du khng phi nht thi hng khi, xc ng lm nn, m l kt qu ca s suy ngh su xa, tch lu qua nhiu nm thng. Tam quc ch. Chu Du truyn cho chng ta hay, Chu Du l anh em son st ca Tn Sch, hai ngi cng ln ln t b, lun tng thn tng i, ti trnh thng ng bi mu, phc ho cng chu, v sau, khng hi lng khi bn Vin Thut, Tn Sch cng b h ri khi n Lch Dng (nay l huyn Ho, An Huy), th h ch c nm, su ngn ngi, chnh Chu Du em qun ra n Sch, ph t Tn Sch p bng Giang ng. Sau khi Tn Sch qua i, li l Chu Du ng h Tn Quyn trc tin v cng vi Trng Chiu tr thnh hai cnh tay ca Tn Quyn. Theo Tam quc ch. L Tc truyn, Chu Du cn ni vi L Tc, lc ny l thi bui cc lit s vin rng da phng rui rong, m Tn Quyn th nht nh c th tr thnh nghip, L Tc lin ti theo Tn Quyn. R rng quan h ca Chu Du v Tn Quyn chng khc g quan h gia Gia Ct Lng v Lu B, s khng bao gi thay i. i vi thi ca Tn Quyn v To Tho, Chu Du va c cm tnh va c l tnh, hon ton c th tin tng, vic g cn phi thm d, cn phi ni khch. Thc t th, thi ca Chu Du ln ny cng ht sc r rng. Trong hi ngh do Tn Quyn triu tp, Chu Du biu hin r bn sc anh hng l Tr gia dng nc, li ni c gang c thp. Theo Tam quc ch, trong hi ngh, Chu Du ni, To Tho danh ngha l Hn tng, nhng k thc l Hn tc. Cn tng qun, thn v hng ti c thm s oanh lit ca cha anh, nhng vic ng phi lm l ngang dc thin h, tr hi cho nh Hn. Lc ny To Tho t tm n ci cht, c l g khin chng ta phi u hng (Tho t tm n ci cht, i n k gian t sao)? Li ni thc nng tnh nng ngha v cng ht sc cn thit. Bi v chin tranh l s tip din ca u tranh chnh tr. Ch c chnh tr chnh xc th mi l qun chnh

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ngha mi c th khch l s kh. Vn l, chnh tr chnh xc, khng c ngha l qun s s n, kin ca phi b cu khng phi hon ton v l. Vi h, To Tho chnh l lang si h bo ( To cng l h, bo), li cn p thin t, nh bn phng, lc no cng danh ngha l triu nh, thc kh i ph. Nu c cng khai tr mt vi To, s vic s tr nn kh khn thm! Chng li ngay th s vic s bt li). Hung h pha Giang ng xa nay vn c che ch bi sng Trng Giang. Nhng nay To Tho chim c Kinh chu, thu c hm thuyn ca Giang Lng v Thu qun ca Lu Biu, Trng Giang him tr l ca chung. Thm vo , To Tho qun ng th ln, thuyn nga cng i, thu lc cng tin, hai ng cng xung th i ph th no c? R rng iu quan trng khng phi nn hay khng nn tr hi cho nh Hn, m l c th hay khng c th ngang dc thin h. Ch t l, ly g ni Tho t tm n ci cht. ng nhin, khng phi Chu Du khng ngh v iu ny. nh thng vo mi lo ca phi b cu, Chu Du ni To Tho xut chinh ln ny c bn iu bt li ln. Trong nc bt an, hu ho cha tr mo mui xung nam, l mt; ri b yn nga, s dng hm thuyn, b s trng dng s on, l iu hai; thng mi rt but nga khng c c, nui dng khng , l iu ba; qun i xa mt mi, thy th khng hp tt sinh bnh tt, l iu bn. Chu Du ni, l iu i k ca binh gia, To Tho phm phi c bn iu. Ch ni trong hm nay s bt sng c tn gic gi ny! Mong tng qun ban cho nm vn tinh binh. Chu Du m bo s ph c To Tho cho tng qun! iu ny ng nh phn on ca Gia Ct Lng, c th ni anh hng suy tnh nh nhau. tp trc, chng ta ni ti nhng phn on ca Gia Ct Lng. Gi a Ct Lng ch r ba vn ln trong cuc chin ca To Tho: qun vt v i nh xa, b s trng dng s on, lng ngi khng phc. Nht l To Tho t xa n, c qung ng di, tt phi mt mi. Thm vo , To Tho bc xc mun thng, khinh k binh ngy m i hn ba trm dm, kt qu bin mnh thnh cung mnh ging ht c, khng th bn thng c mnh la mng. Nh vy l phm vo nhng iu i k tt phi bi trc tng qun. My li ca Gia Ct Lng gii p vn ca Tn Quyn D Chu va bi trn, c th chng li kh khn . Vy, cuc tr chuyn ca Tn Quyn v Gia Ct Lng xy ra vo lc no? Theo ti, phi l sau khi tr truyn vi L Tc v trc lc tr chuyn vi Chu Du. Thi gian c th, l lc L Tc ngh triu Chu Du v, l lc Chu Du ang trn ng quay v. V vy c th ni, Gia Ct Lng v Chu Du p tan cu chuyn thn thoi To Tho l bt kh chin thng. Tm li, L Tc gip Tn Quyn thanh ton r mn n v chnh tr, Gia Ct Lng gip Tn Quyn tnh r mn n v lin minh, hn na cn cng Chu Du tnh r mn n v qun s. L Tc gii quyt vn c th hay khng c th. Lc ny, Tn

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Quyn c d nh, v ng lun bi nga: t lu tn gic gi mun ph Hn t lp, mun thanh ton hai Vin, L B, Lu Biu v c! Nay, my ngi b dit, cn li c. C v lo gic gi s khng cng tn ti! Qun ni nn nh rt hp c, t nay qun nn gip c. Xin ch , t y To Tho khng cn l To cng m l lo gic gi. Hin nhin, l cch gi sau khi c quyt tm. Theo ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Chu Du truyn, chng t lng quyt tm ca mnh, Tn Quyn rt kim cht t mt gc bn, ri nghim ging ni, cn k no c gan ch trng u hng To Tho th s c nh chic bn ny! Chng nh ti hm Chu Du v Tn Quyn c bui ni chuyn ring vi nhau. Theo Giang Biu truyn, Chu Du ni, s ng s tn knh ca ti ch c xem th ca To Tho, ni c tm mi vn i qun, l bt u ht hong. H thm ch khng mun i xem h thc th no, c u hng lun, thc ht sc phi l, lc ny Chu Du xin tnh r chuyn ny vi cha cng. Qun lnh phng bc m lo gic gi thng lnh, s lng khng th hn mi lm mi su vn, v ton l l mt mi. Bin ch thm s qun c ca Lu Biu chng by tm vn ngi, gia chng cn hoi nghi nhn ng nhau. Mt l qun lnh mt mi, li hoi nghi nhn ng nhau, ngi tuy ng, nhng c g ng s? Ch cn cho Chu Du nm vn tnh binh l i ph vi hai mi vn qun khng cn sc chin u. Mong tng qun ng do d na! Tn Quyn nghe xong lin vut vai Chu Du ni, Cng Cn , li khanh ni thc hp vi ta. Bn T B (Trng Chiu) ch ngh n gia nh nh ca mnh, hp hi qu, khin ta tht vng, ch c Cng Cn v T Knh l suy ngh ging ta. ng l tri xanh c hai khanh n gip ta (tri xanh c hai khanh n cho c) ! Trong mt lc tht kh tp kt c nm vn ngi, nga. Ta mi c ba vn ngi vi y hm thuyn, lng tho v v kh. Xin Cng Cn v T Knh, Trnh cng (Trnh Ph) ra qun trc, pha sau ta s c thm ngi, vi y vt t lng tho, h tr cho khanh. Cng Cn huynh c th i ph c vi To Tho th hay qu. Nu c g khng thun li th c v, bn tng qun s quyt sng mi vi To Mnh c. y c ba cu ng lu : ch c khanh v T Knh l cng suy ngh ging c; tuyn c ba vn ngi, thuyn lng chin c y ; gp vic khng nh s v vi c, c s quyt sng mi vi Manh c. iu ny mt ln na li chng t, trc y Tn Quyn c tham chin, nn mi th nh ngi nga, thuyn b, lng tho, v v kh u chun b xong. Qua bui tr chuyn ln ny, Tn Quyn cng thm tin tng. Tn Quyn phi Chu Du, Trnh Ph l t hu c (chnh ph tng ch huy), L Tc l tn qun hiu u (tham mu trng), thng lnh qun Ng tin v hng ty hi hp cng Lu B. Theo ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch. Tin ch truyn, lc ny theo s sp xp ca L Tc, Lu B t H Khu ti Phn Khu. Lc ny Gia Ct Lng cn bn Ng cha v, qun To mi ngy mt ti gn, Lu B

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trong lng nh c la t, ngy ngy cho ngi ra gi bn tu, cui cng th vin binh ca Chu Du cng ti, Lu B c ngi n u lo qun s, Chu Du ni, vic qun cn bn mnh, bn tng khng dm ri b cng v. Nu c D Chu h c ti chi, l iu mong mun ln ca Chu Du ny. Lu B lin ni vi Quan V v Trng Phi, chng ta ch ng lin minh vi ng Ng, nu ta khng i, e khng t r c thin ch. Th ri Lu B mt mnh mt ct ti hi (ln mt ct i gp Du). Ct l thuyn ln nh huyn ct, c lc li l thuyn nh nh tu ct. Tm li, Lu B mt mnh mt thuyn i gp Chu Du. Chng ta u bit, trong Tam quc din ngha c cu chuyn Quan V mt ao ti hi (thc t l hai bn u mt ao ti hi), khng bit c phi Lu B mt ct ti hi khng. iu chng t, Lu B ng l anh hng. Lu B gp Chu Du tt phi c my li thm hi. Nhng iu m Lu B quan tm nht li l vn qun s. Lu B hi, nay chng To cng, xin cho bit k, qun s c bao nhiu? Chu Du ni, ba vn. Lu B khng thc hi lng v yn tm vi con s , nhn tin ni mt cu, Giang Biu truyn ni, Lu B hon ton khng tin Chu Du c th thng li, li cn c bng hp hi, c b mc nhng kh khn, t mnh cng hai ngn ngi n vi Quan V v Trng Phi, khng lin hp vi Chu Du. Tn Thnh cho rng iu ny l khng thc, y l cch ni bng by ca ngi Ng. Khng bn ti iu ny na. Nhng Lu B khng quan tm l c thc, Lu B ni l qu t (hn v t qu)! Nhng Chu Du li ht sc tin tng ni, ba vn ngi l ! Xin Lu D Chu c yn tm thoi mi xem ti ph ch. Thi ca Chu Du l thi anh hng kh khi, cn vic lo ngi ca Lu B cng khng hon ton v l. Ba vn ngi nga ca Chu Du, thm vo mt vn ca Quan V, mt vn ca Lu K, tng cng nm vn; m theo tnh ton ca Chu Du, qun To t ra cng c ti hai mi vn. Nm vn chng li hn hai mi vn, c thng ni khng? p n l mt hin thc, tc l Chu Du ch huy lin qun Tn Lu i ph qun To Xch Bch. To Tho bu u st trn, vt m b gip, tho chy nh in, di s hip kch ca Chu Du v Lu B, qun To cng thm ri lon, may nh c Trng Liu, Ha Ch n tip ng, mi thot c him. Qun thu b ca Chu Du, Lu B cng tin, truy kch To Tho n tn di thnh Nam qun. To Tho Chinh nam tng qun To Nhn v Honh d tng qun T Hong gi Giang Lng, Trit Xung tng qun Nhc Tin gi Tng Dng, cn mnh th cng l tn binh bi tng tr v phng bc, v t khng quay li na. l trn chin Xch Bch. l trn chin ly t thng nhiu, ly yu thng mnh ni ting ca Trung Quc, l trn chin c nh gi cao, c coi trng nhiu, cha tng c. Nhng cng c hc gi cho rng, thc ra lc To Tho ch c nm ngn ngi v trn chin Xch Bch ch l mt trn nh tao ng bnh thng, cc n h

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s hc khuch i quy m trn nh. ng nhin y ch l kin ca mt ngi. Nhng trn nh c lch s ni ti nhiu ln. V mc ch, quy m, thi gian, a im v c nguyn nhn tht bi ca trn nh, cc nh s hc c kin khc nh au. V d c hc gi cho rng nguyn nhn ch yu khin To Tho tht bi l qun lnh gp phi bnh dch, nh phi t ht thuyn b v rt lui. iu ny c li ca To Tho lm chng. Theo ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch, Chu Du truyn, sau trn chin Xch Bch, To Tho c gi th cho Tn Quyn ni, trong trn Xch Bch, bnh tt pht sinh, c phi t thuyn lui qun, nh Chu Du mi c h danh. Vy chng ta mun hi, ng nh vy chng? Hy cn, Tam quc din ngha m t trn nh vi nhiu hnh nhiu v, trong c nhiu cu chuyn phi k i k li nhiu ln nh khua li b bn nho, dng tr khch Chu Du, mn dao git ngi ( hi th bn mi nhm, Chu Du c Gia Ct Lng ct ng chuyn lng ca To Tho), thuyn c mn tn, Hn Trch dng th, Bng Thng hin k v kh nhc k, mn gi ng v.v... u l nhng iu chng ta thuc lng. V vy, chng ta cng nn hi mt cu: c nhng chuyn chng? Tp th hai mi t: NGHI N XCH BCH Qua li khuyn ca L Tc, Chu Du trong tp on v Gia Ct Lng s gi ca tp on Lu B, Tn Quyn cn nhc nhiu ln v thi th v quyt nh lin hp vi Lu B chng li To Tho, nn mi c trn chin Xch Bch. Nhng cn rt nhiu nghi vn trong nhng ghi chp v m t ca lch s v trn chin ny; cch nhn ca cc nh s hc cng cn nhiu vn , thm ch c ngi cho rng y ch l cuc chin tao ng bnh thng. Vy, s thc v trn chin Xch Bch l nh th no? tp ny chng ta bn v trn chin Xch Bch. Trn chin Xch Bch chng l mt trn nh ni ting nht trong thi i Tam Quc. Ni n Tam Quc th nhiu ngi bit v trn chin Xch Bch. Ngi c cng trong vic ny phi l La Qun Trung. Bi v trong Tam quc din ngha th phn ny l phn c h cu nhiu nht, c vit tinh t nht. Thc tnh th chnh s ghi chp v trn chin ny khng nhiu v cn tn ti nhiu vn . V vy, nhiu ln trong gii s hc n ra trn chin Xch Bch mi. Ngi ta ni ti cc im sau: 1Chin tranh ca ai?; 2- Quy m nh th no; 3- Thi gian a im; 4- Nguyn nhn thng bi. Cc nh s hc tranh ci nhiu, thm ch c nhiu kin tri ngc nhau. Nh binh lc ca To Tho nm vo , c ngi ni thc t l nm mi vn v k thc l nm ngn ngi (ngoi ra cn c ngi ni bn mi vn, ba mi vn v hn hai mi vn) r rng l khc bit ln. Bch gia ging n khng phi l hc thut lun n, chng c cch no bn v nhng vn ny, ch c th ni mt cht v kin c nhn. Nn ni v vn th nht trc, tc l ai pht ng trn chin ny. Ai cng r, ln ny To Tho xung pha nam nhm nh Lu Biu, ot Kinh chu. Phi ni

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rng mc ch tr thnh hin thc sau khi Lu Tn u hng, Lu B chin bi, Giang Lng ri vo him ho. V th mi c chuyn Gi H khuyn To Tho nn dng li, tp Tri sinh k ti, chng ta ni chuyn ny. ng nhin, Lu B tuy tr thnh k cng ng, nhng ngi vn cn, con tim cn p, nn phi truy ui tip. Nhng ti ngh, khng loi tr mt kh nng khc, tc l sau khi dit c Lu B, To Tho s nhn th , tiu dit nt ng Ng. Tam quc ch. Gi H truyn ni, Thi t ph Kinh chu, mun xui dng xung pha ng. Chng nh ch dit Lu B m phi xui dng xung pha ng sao? Trc lc Chu Du xut chinh, Tn Quyn ni nhng g? Tn Quyn ni: Khanh quyt tm th c lm, nu c iu g bt li th c v, bn tng qun s quyt sng mi vi To Mnh c. Nu nh ln ny, ng l To Tho ch nh nh Lu B th e Tn Quyn s ch ni, Du ca , c th nh xem. Nu nh thng th nh, c liu m lm; nh khng thng th v, sng cht th no mc xc ng Lu hong thc . Nu s vic l nh vy th my vn sau ny thc d hiu. Nn kt lun th ny: quy m cuc chin l tng i ln, thi gian l thng mi hai nm Kin An th XIII, a im l th trn Xch Bch, H Bc ngy nay (trc l huyn B K). V sao li ni nh vy? Bi cc hc gi ch trng trn chin Xch Bch l Trn chin c nh m t trn chin nh sau: thng by nm Kin An th XIII To Tho ra qun, thng tm Lu Biu cht v bnh, thng chn Lu Tn u hng. To Tho cho rng Giang Lng c tim nng v qun s, e Tin ch chim mt, nn thng lnh nm ngn k binh tinh nhu vt ba trm dm mt ngy m, truy ui Lu B, hai qun gp nhau ng Dng. Lu B thua chy v H Khu. To Tho tin vo Giang Lng. Sau khi thu c nhiu vt t qun nhu, To Tho li lp tc xui dng xung pha di, kt qu, ng vo lin qun Tn Lu ang ngc dng ln v bt ng xy ra Tao ng chin. V khng hn m gp, v bt ng m phi ng chin, v v mt s nguyn nhn khc na, To Tho tht bi. Nu tn thnh cch ni trn th phi tha nhn thi gian xy ra trn chin l thng mi. V n thng mi hai th hu qun ca To Tho hn n, binh lc s khng phi l nm ngn. Vy nm ngn tinh binh ca To Tho n Xch Bch vo thng mi lm g? ng nhin l nhm nh Lu B, khng phi nh Tn Quyn. Theo Tam quc ch. Trnh Dc truyn, lc ny Lu B ang chy v Ng, rt nhiu mu s ca To Tho d on Tn Quyn s git Lu B, ch c Trnh Dc khng cho l nh vy. To Tho ngh sao? Khng thy ni. V vy c th tng tng phn on ca To Tho lc , s khng c lin minh Tn Lu. Nhng thc khng ng h lin minh vi nhau v tp kt c nm vn qun. ng nhin, nm ngn qun khng phi l i th ca nm vn qun v l cuc chin c nh. Ni nh vy, cng khng phi l khng c l c c, chng c c trong Tam quc ch. Gia Ct Lng truyn. , Gia Ct Lng ni vi Tn Quyn: Qun To Tho t xa n tt mt mi, cn ui D Chu, qun khinh k ngy m i ba trm

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dm, khc no cung ging ht c, cha chc bn thng c mnh la mng. Theo cch ni ny, th binh lc ca To Tho ch c nm ngn v l on khinh k hnh qun qua mt chng ng di t Tng Dng n Giang Lng. Nhng y c vn , nu ng l To Tho ch xung pha ng vi nm ngn qun, th v sao khi Chu Du a ba vn ngi nga n cu vin, Lu B li hn l rt t? R rng, binh lc ca To Tho t ra cng c mi vn. Hoc, lc Gia Ct Lng ni, ch c nm ngn, sau khng ngng tng thm. iu cn phi c thi gian, v vy chin tranh phi n ra vo thng mi hai. Cn v a im giao chin, nh s hc tnh H Bc ni l Vn v Xch Bch. Trn chin Xch Bch tc l B K Xch Bch th gi l v Xch Bch, t ph ca T ng Pha tc l Hong Chu Xch Bch th gi l vn Xch Bch), khng bn tip. K thc, ch cn u mu ca To Tho ch vo Tn Quyn, hoc Lu B tr b Tn Quyn, hoc Tn Quyn tr b Lu B, To Tho s khng khinh ch n nhng y. trn Tng Dng, Lu B l tng bi trn, chim s cung, vi nm ngn tnh binh c th i ph c. Nhng Tn Quyn th li khc. Gia Ct Lng tng ni Tn Quyn c Giang ng, tri ba i, c th him dn theo, bit dng ngi hin nng, To Tho khng th khng bit iu ny. Vy, nu mun nh Tn Quyn, To Tho khng th ch c nm ngn ngi. Thc t th Tam quc ch Chu Du truyn ni rt r: To vo Kinh chu, Lu Tn a qun xin hng, To cng c c thy qun, thuyn, b binh k l chc vn, sao li ch c nm ngn? C iu, chng ta khng th lm r c l my mi vn; To Tho ni mnh c tm mi vn, l ni khng. Nhng nu bt i mt na, cng c bn mi vn; li bt i mt na na, cng c hai mi vn. Con s m Chu Du tnh ton cng l vy. C hc gi cho rng, con s Chu Du tnh ti l ton b binh lc ca To Tho, khng phi l s qun tham chin. Vy nu bt i mt na th cng c mi vn. Hn na, truy ui Lu B l nm ngn k binh, lm g c hm thuyn u ui lin tip, lm g c chuyn ho thiu Xch Bch? Cho nn, ni trn chin Xch Bch l trn tao ng e ch c mt ngi. Sau khi xc nh quy m tng i ln, trn chin Xch Bch c bn giai on, l quyt sch, chun b, giao chin, hon thnh. Qu trnh ny, Tam quc din ngha vit rt tinh t, lu li mt di sn qu bu trong kho tng vn hc c i Trung Quc. Nhng ly lm tic khi phi ch ra rng, vn hc khng phi lch s. Tam quc din ngha tn ht tm hi m t m nt v qu trnh chin tranh, nht l nhng cu chuyn lm khoi khu mi ngi, nhng phn ln li l h cu. y cng c hai tnh hung. Mt loi hon ton khng c trong s, nh Un li b bn nho, Ly tr khch Chu Du, Hm Trch dng th, Bng Thng hin k, cng Mn gi ng v.v... Mt loi c mt cht trong s, nhng b ghp hoa chit cnh hoc phng i ln. Nh ni, Tng Cn trng k, khng phi hon ton ba t. Ch t, con ngi Tng Cn l c tht, tng n doanh tri Chu Du. Nhng

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ng tic, l sau trn chin Xch Bch, T tr thng gim ghi nm Kin An th XIV (Cng nguyn nm th 209). ng nhin l khng b la ly trm th sch no . V sau s ni thm v chuyn ny. Thuyn c mn tn cng l truyn c mt t trong s, nhng s vic li pht sinh rt mun, tn nm Kin An th XVIII (nm 213). Chng qua l pht sinh trn ngi Tn Quyn v cng khng phi v mn tn. Sau ny s ni tip. Thc t th, v mt k thut khng th thc hin c thuyn c mn tn. C ngi tnh ton rt k v iu ny, khng bn tip y. Xem ra, trong Tam quc din ngha c nhiu v kch hay m lch s cha tng din. Thc t, chnh s ghi chp rt n gin v trn nh ny, v cch ni ca Trn Th cn nhiu mu thun. Nh ai phng ho trn chin Xch Bch? C hai cch ni. Tin ch truyn v Chu Du truyn ni lin qun Tn Lu t thuyn; Quch Gia truyn v Ng ch truyn ni chnh To Tho t thuyn. khng nh hng ti tnh cm ca c gi, ti ghi li c hai cch ni phn sau, nu c gi no khng c hng th th hy b qua on ny, c tip phn sau. C hai cch ni v chuyn t thuyn: Tin ch truyn ni, Quyn phi Chu Du, Trnh Ph, my vn thy qun hp lc cng Tin ch, nh nhau vi To cng Xch Bch, t ph hm thuyn ca chng. Tin ch v qun thu lc ca Ng cng truy ui ti Nam qun. By gi c dch, qun Bc cht nhiu, To cng cho lui qun. Quch gia truyn ni, Du, Ph l t hu c, mi ngi lnh mt vn qun, cng B tin ti, gp nhau Xch Bch v i ph qun To. Tho t t thuyn, cho qun lui, qun s i kht, dch bnh cht qu na, B, Du ui ti Nam qun, To cng rt v phng bc. Ch dn Giang Biu truyn ca Bi Tng Chi trong Chu Du truyn thm ch cn ni, sau To Tho cn vit th cho Tn Quyn, ni: Chin dch Xch Bch, xy ra dch bnh, c t t thuyn v lui qun, Chu Du mi c h danh. Theo cch ni , chnh To Tho t cc chin hm ca mnh, chng c vic g ca Chu Du v cng chng c vic g ca Gia Ct Lng. L th ca To Tho, ng nhin khng th tin tng hon ton, nhng cng khng phi l khng c mt cht cn c no. Theo ti, c th tin c mt phn, phi ni nh trong Chu Du truyn: Lc trong qun To lan trn dch bnh, va giao chin, qun To bi lui, ln na v Giang Bc, Du b nam. Cng tc l, qun To t Giang Lng xui dng xung, lin qun Tn Lu t Phn Khu ngc dng ln, hai qun gp nhau Xch Bch, kt qu l qun To bi trn, ln na v Giang Bc, chin hm Lm (nay l th trn Hng H, H Bc), bn b i din.

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V sao hai qun va giao chin, To Tho b bi? To Tho bnh truyn ca ngi Trng Tc Diu nu ra bn nguyn nhn trc tip. Th nht, dch bnh lan truyn trong qun To, ngi bnh nhiu, sc chin u gim st. Tam quc ch - V k ni: Tho n Xch Bch nh nhau vi B, thy bt li. i dch bng pht, qun s cht nhiu, nn cho lui qun. Tng T truyn cng ni, i qun nh Kinh chu, gp dch bnh. Th hai, qun To khng quen thy chin, ng cn cha vng, nh m sao c? Th ba, To Tho cha thu hiu v ch, nhng tng minh hung hng l v ch, no ng li b nh ph u lc va gp nhau. Th t, hai qun gp nhau ch ng hp, li l gia sng, To Tho ng ngi rt kh xoay x, qun b li cng kh s dng. V vy, ngi Trng ni, trong nhng tnh hung c bit nh vy To Tho vn c u th, ngc li ri vo th cng. Gia Ct Lng v Chu Du, gn nh tnh n c bn nguyn nhn . Nh Chu Du tnh n tt bnh. Chu Du v Gia Ct Lng u ni ti hai iu: qun lnh mt mi v lng ngi khng phc, e cng l nhng iu quan trng. Cn mt im na cng khng th khng ch r, tc l To Tho gy chin tranh xm lc cn lin qun Tn Lu s dng chin tranh bo v. Th khi gin cn cn ngi, na l Chu Du v Lu B? Nhn vo s liu, chng ta thy ch chin u bn lin qun Tn Lu rt mnh. Ti tin rng khi n Xch Bch, mi tng s u xoa tay, gim chn i nh th. Cn bn pha To Tho th sao? Gn nh khng c ghi chp g. Hai qun i ch, k mnh s thng! Va vo trn, lin qun Tn Lu bo tin thng trn, thc chng c g l l. Va nh nhau tht li, To Tho khng th khng ngng li, chin thuyn u quay vo b. Lc ny l ma ng gi rt, gi bc thi mnh, thuyn b chao o, trong qun To nhiu ngi mc bnh. gii quyt vn ny, To Tho lnh, kho cc chin hm vo vi nhau, lc qun th lp doanh h tri ngay trn b. Cch lm ny l do To Tho t quyt, hay l kin ca mu s no, chng ta khng c bit, nhng c th khng nh Bng Thng khng lin quan. Tam quc ch. Bng Thng truyn ghi chp rt r rng, Bng Thng khng tham d trn chin ny. Lin qun Tn Lu s nhanh chng bit c tnh hnh bn pha To. Theo Tam quc ch. Chu Du truyn, lc b tng Hong Ci ni vi Chu Du: Nay gic ng ta t, kh chng gi lu. Nhng xem hm thuyn ca qun To u ui lin tip, c th phng ho m t. R rng binh lc bn pha To nhiu hn bn lin qun, nn mi c cu gic ng ta t. Nhng vo lc bn pha qun To ang lan truyn dch bnh nghim trng, mt sc chin u nn mi thua. To Tho cn phm vo mt sai lm khc l kho thuyn vo vi nhau, Hong Ci mi c phng ho. Chu Du nghe k v Hong Ci tr hng, phng ho, qun To i bi. Nghe ni hm Hong Ci chun b my chc chic thuyn nh, trn thuyn cht y c kh c tm du, tt c c che bng vi xanh trn cm c, rm rm r r tin ln b bc. Tt

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c qun To th u rn c nhn, ch ch tr tr kho nhau Hong Ci n hng, ng u sau khi on thuyn ca Hong Ci lt qua, tt c nht t phng ho. By gi gi ng nam thi mnh, th la lt thng ti b. Ton b chin hm v doanh tri ca To Tho u b bc chy, chc lt Khi la ngt tri. Qun To ngi b thiu sng, k b cht, ngi ng nga nho, To Tho nh phi rt lui. Trc khi lui qun, To Tho cho t ht nhng thuyn b cn li. Ng ch truyn mi ni, Tho t ht s thuyn cn li ri lui. Ni nh vy, nghe hp hn. To Tho bi lui, qun lnh v cng ri lon. Theo ch dn Sn Dng cng ti k ca Bi Tng Chi trong Tam quc ch - V k, sau khi thuyn b b t chy (trong sch ni l Lu B t), To Tho thng lnh tn qun rt theo ng Hoa Dung. Lc ng s ly li, khng sao i c, tri li gi to, To Tho lnh c ho Luy binh phi vc c lt ng. Luy tc l gy yu. Luy binh l b phn binh lnh khng cn sc chin u, thm ch c th l thng bnh binh. ng va tm cha xong, on k binh xng thng ln pha trc, mc s sng cht ca h. Kt qu l s luy binh b ngi nga gim p, mt mng ngay trn on ng va sa xong. Chng ta khng r s luy binh l b phn no, l s qun m To Tho a t phng bc ti, hay l s binh lnh ca Lu Tn u hng; cng khng bit c phi h mt ht sc chin u, hay b nhim bnh trong chin tranh. Nhng d sao i na, h vn lun l nhng i tng cn c cu tr. Theo tinh thn nhn o, To Tho phi s luy binh i trc, cn mnh th thng lnh tinh binh on hu. Nhng hnh nh thi cha c quan nim v ch ngha nhn o v To Tho cng khng c. Cch ni trong T tr thng gim ca T M Quang l nh vy. T thy r, To Tho tht li trong trn Xch Bch, mt l nhim bnh, hai l b t, mi quyt nh rt qun. V vy trong li ch thch Gi H truyn, Bi Tng Chi ni: Bi Xch Bch l do vn s. L do dch bnh lan mnh, sc chin u suy gim; li c gi t Nam, la cng c th. l tri lm, u phi vic ca ngi! Trc ht bi gp trn nh l hoc ly bnh t chim mung (dch bnh lan trn), sc chin u gim st (tn hi n sc chin u). Th na, khng ng ma ng thng chp li c gi ng nam, gip Hong Ci nh ho cng (nh th la bc mnh). To Tho tht bi, do vn kh khng tt. K thc th s vic u c n gin nh vy. To Tho tht bi, c nguyn nhn khch quan, cng c nguyn nhn ch quan. Ngi Trng Tc Diu c tng kt rt hay trong To Tho bnh truyn. Chng ta u bit, To Tho c u th rt r rng. Th nht, To Tho p thin t lnh ch hu, ch hu khng dm tranh ginh, l u th v chnh tr; th hai, To Tho ot Kinh chu, uy trn bn bin, nhiu ngi cht nghe hn bay phch lc, l u th v tm l; th ba, To Tho xung pha nam, th nh ch tre, lng qun phn chn, ly th ca k thng nh qun khip va, l u th v kh th; th t, binh lc ca To Tho gp bi so vi lin qun Tn Lu,

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l u th v qun s. y l bn iu ngi Trng nu ra trong sch. Nhng v sao To Tho vn b bi trn? Cng c my nguyn nhn. Cn c theo phn tch ca ngi Trng c tham kho thm quan im ca mt s hc gi khc, ti cho rng, ch yu l sai lm v chin lc. Tc l, To Tho khng xc nh r mc tiu chin lc ca mnh l g, ot Kinh c hu, hay l ot Giang ng? L tiu dit Lu B hay tiu dit lun c Tn Quyn? Lc ny nhn li nh l sau, hoc c hai , tm li l khng r rng. Thc ra th khu v ca To Tho khng nn qu ln nh vy. Cn phi xc nh r mc tiu ca mnh l Kinh chu v Lu B. Nu l vy, th To Tho nn th ny, sau khi nh bi Lu B phi chy n H Khu, git nt nhng k khc, c th bt c c L Tc. V d khng tiu dit c Lu B th cng chn c ng, Lu B khng th lin h vi Giang ng, buc phi xung pha nam ch Thng Ng. Nh vy th kt qu lc ny khc hn. Nhng khng hiu v sao, To Tho li b qua Lu B, quay u tin thng ti Giang Lng. K thc s qun nhu vt t Giang Lng hon ton c th b phn pha sau gii quyt. Lu Tn u hng, Tng Dng trong tay, l no Giang Lng khng phi l vt trong ti? Th Lu B tc l th h v rng. Nhng cha phi l iu ng ngi. Lc ny, sau khi ngh ngi chc lt, To Tho vn c th nhanh chng tin v ng, ph lin minh Tn Lu trc khi c th hnh thnh. Nn nh rng, vic ny cng cn c mt qu trnh, ch cn lin minh Tn Lu khng thnh, th vic tm dit mt mnh Lu B cng lc lng ca To Tho mnh ln gp bi. Nhng To Tho ch dng Giang Lng chng hai thng. ng nhin, lc ny c nhiu vic To Tho cn phi lm, nh n nh vic quan vic dn Kinh chu, bao gm c vic phi c Lu Tn, l Th s Thanh Chu, Vn Snh l Thi th Giang H, phng thch Hn Tung b Lu Biu giam cm, phong Khoi Vit cng mi lm ngi khc l hu. Nhng vy th phi nghe theo ca Gi H, dt khot s dng chnh sch mm do Giang ng phi thn phc Nhng To Tho li khng. Sau khi dng li hai thng ngn ngi Giang Lng, bng To Tho vi v ng tin. y s vic tr nn ti t chnh bi bn ch khng di khng ngn. Nu thi gian dng chn ngn, lin minh Tn Lu khng th hnh thnh, k th ca To Tho l mt mnh Lu B; thi gian dng chn di, thi gian chun b chin tranh y hn. Thi gian tc chin cng hp l hn. V nh, sau lc khai xun nm sau mi tin qun vo Xch Bch, c l khng c nhiu phin h n vy. To Tho vn c cch la chn th ba, tc l lu li Giang Lng, phi mt i tng khc cm qun tin nh H Khu, chim H Khu hoc trn gi ti H Khu. Chng ta u bit, lc Lu K H Khu c mt vn ngi; Quan V Giang Lng cng c mt vn ngi. Sau khi bi trn ng Dng, Lu B khng th n Giang Lng, vng qua Hn Tn (Hn Tn l bn Kinh Mn, H Bc ngy nay) cng

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hi hp vi Quan V n tip ng, c hai vt tip Min Thy gp Lu K Thi th Giang H v cng n H Khu. Lc ny, nu To Tho a nm ngn khinh k i nh Lu B l mo him. Nhng phi i qun (b binh v k binh) xut pht t Tng Dng hoc t Giang Lng th li hay hn. Ch t, khi i qun p cnh H Khu cng l mt uy hip vi tp on Tn Quyn. Khi , chng cn ni ti bn Trng Chiu, m ngay c bn thn Tn Quyn cng phi c thi khc. Thc ra th lc u To Tho cng mun coi lc qun l ch lc, bng ng b tin ti pha ng, t ch him hai b, chn chin trng thch hp. Lc qun ca To Tho tng tri xa trng, anh dng thin chin. Nhng thy qun li cn nhiu vn , t hun luyn khng c kinh nghim chin u, cn li tm li c lc Kinh chu u hng. Mt i ng nh vy, khng th lm tin phong, cng khng th l qun ch lc. Coi nh u cha lm nhng vic , hoc u c sai lm, nhng To Tho vn cn mt c hi khc, tc l lc qun lnh ang Ba Khu (nay l th trn Nhc Dng, H Nam), lc gp bnh dch th nn dng li, thm ch l quay li Giang Lng. Lu li Ba Khu, lin qun Tn Lu s khng n, c th l nh vy; nhng v li Giang Lng th dt khot c th trnh c va chm. C th ni, To Tho sai li thm sai. Nhng v sao, mt ngi tri qua trm trn, lm mu nhiu k nh To Tho li c th phm nhng sai lm ? Trong To Tho bnh truyn ca mnh, ngi Trng Tc Diu cho rng nguyn nhn c bn l trong t tng c s kiu ngo v khinh ch, cn ni thm, y cng l nhn thc chung ca cc s gia. Ni nh vy l c l. C th v nguyn nhn ny, To Tho nh gi cha ht v lin minh Tn Lu, lun ngh rng Tn Quyn ri cng nh Cng Tn Khang, s mang u Lu B n np. Nhng To Tho khng ngh ti, Tn Quyn khng phi Cng Tn Khang, lc ny cng khng phi l lc . c Thng gim lun ca Vng Phu Chi ni, s d To Tho c th nh xong phng bc, bi cc ch hu t tn st ln nhau, cui cng ch cn li hai nh Tn Lu. Nu nh hai nh khng on kt th ch c ng cht. V vy lin minh Tn Lu l th tt yu. Nhn chung li, chng ta c th ni, To Tho bi v khinh ch; Tn Quyn thng v c lin minh. y l nguyn nhn ht sc quan trng. Cn nh my vic, To Tho khng bit Hong Ci tr hng, khng ng ma ng c gi ng nam, u l nhng vn nh. Ngoi ra, To Tho tht bi, c th cn mt nguyn nhn na, l To Tho gi. Nh s hc ni ting, Ng Hm c biu lit k v tui tc trong bi Bn v Chu Du, Gia Ct Lng, Trng Chiu trong trn chin Xch Bch. Ngi Ng ni, trong trn Xch Bch Tn Quyn hai mi by tui, Gia Ct Lng hai mi by tui, Chu Du ba mi t tui, L Tc ba mi by tui, To Tho nm mi t tui. V vy Ng Hm ni, y khng ch l trn yu nh bi mnh, k b nh, nh bi k tin cng, ai binh nh bi kiu binh m cn l trn nh Thanh nin nh bi lo tng. Ngi

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Ng Hm cn cha tnh n mt ngi, l Lu B bn mi by tui. Nhng nu thm c Lu b th tui bnh qun bn pha lin qun cng ch l ba mi t tui, ng bng tui ca Chu Du. Chu Du l tng ch huy lin qun Tn Lu. Cho nn, trn chin Xch Bch c th coi l Chu Du nh bi To Tho, ba mi t tui nh bi nm mi t tui. C iu To Tho lun l To Tho. Tuy gi, bi nhng bn sc anh hng tiu ngo giang h th vn y nguyn Sn Dng cng ti k ni, sau khi ra khi ng Hoa Dung To Tho li vui v nh thng. Mi ngi hi v sao, To Tho ni, Lu B ng l i th ca ta, nhng tic l ng tc c phn hi chm. Nu bit chn ng v phng ho th e chng ta tr thnh tro bi ht. Mt lc sau, th ng l Lu B phng ho, nhng To Tho i khi. Nhn tin ni thm, lc bin tuyn T tr thng gim, T M Quang lc b on ny. Cng xin ni thm, ton b qu trnh ny khng lin quan n Quan V. Trn chin Xch Bch l tn tht ln nht m To Tho gp phi trong lc nam chinh bc chin, nhng To Tho vn ci. Vy, To Tho c th ci n tn cng c khng?

HT TP 1