AutoCad 2004

Mc lc
I. M u Gii thiu chung.............................................................................. 3
1. AutoCAD trong h thng cc phn mm ho v vn phng............................................3 2. Nhng kh nng chnh ca AutoCad ....................................................................................3 3. Lm quen s b vi AutoCad ...............................................................................................4 4. Chc nng mt s phm c bit...........................................................................................4 5. Cc quy c ..........................................................................................................................5

II. Cc lnh v File ............................................................................................... 5

1. To File bn v mi. .............................................................................................................5 2. Lu File bn v. ....................................................................................................................5 3. M bn v c sn. .................................................................................................................5 4. ng bn v..........................................................................................................................6 5. Thot khi AutoCad..............................................................................................................6

III. H to v cc phng thc truy bt im............................ 6

1. H to s dng trong AutoCad ........................................................................................6 2. Cc phng php nhp to ...............................................................................................8 3. Cc phng thc truy bt im i tng (Objects Snap) ....................................................8 4. Lnh Osnap (OS) gn ch chuy bt im thng tr.....................................................10 5. Lnh v ng thng Line ( vi cc phng php nhp to ) ........................................10 6. Lnh v ng trn Circle ( vi cc phng php nhp to ) ........................................11

IV. Cc thit lp bn v c bn.................................................................. 12

1. Gii hn khng gian v - Lnh LIMITS .............................................................................12 2. Thu khng gian c gii hn vo trong mn hnh - Lnh ZOOM. ..............................12 3. Lnh y bn v Pan...........................................................................................................13 4. n v o bn v.................................................................................................................13 5. Lnh Snap, lnh Grid, lnh Ortho .......................................................................................13 6. Lnh Mvsetup to khung bn v.........................................................................................14

V. Cc Lnh v c bn. ...................................................................................... 15

1. Lnh v ng thng Line (L) ( hc trn)...................................................................15 2. Lnh v ng trn Circle (C) ( hc trn)...................................................................15 3. Lnh v cung trn Arc (A).................................................................................................15 4. Lnh v ng a tuyn Pline (PL) : ng c b rng nt ...............................................16 5. Lnh v a gic u Polygon (POL)...................................................................................17 6. Lnh v hnh ch nht Rectang (REC) ...............................................................................17 7. Lnh v Elip Ellipse (EL) ..................................................................................................18 8. Lnh v ng Spline (SPL) lnh v cc ng cong.........................................................18 9. Lnh Mline v ng // v MlStyle v MLedit...................................................................19 10. Lnh v im Point (PO) ..................................................................................................21 11. Lnh nh kiu im Ddptype ..........................................................................................21 12. Lnh chia i tng thnh nhiu on bng nhau Divide (DIV)......................................22 13. Lnh chia i tng ra cc on c chiu di bng nhau Measure (ME).........................22 VI. Cc lnh hiu chnh cn bn. ..........................................................................22 1. Lnh xa i tng Erase (E) .............................................................................................22 2. Lnh phc hi i tng b xo Oops.................................................................................22 3. Lnh hu b lnh va thc hin Undo (U) .........................................................................22 4. Lnh phc hi i tng va Undo l Redo .......................................................................23 5. Lnh ti to mn hnh hay v li mn hnh Redraw (R).....................................................23 6. Lnh ti to i tng trn mn hinh Regen (RE).............................................................23

VII. Cc lnh hiu chnh to hnh............................................................ 23

1. Lnh to cc i tng song song vi cc i tng cho trc Offset (O) ........................23 2. Lnh ct i tng gia hai i tng giao Trim (TR).......................................................23 3. Lnh ct m rng Extrim....................................................................................................24 Bi Vit Thi Page 1

AutoCad 2004 4. Lnh xn mt phn i tng gia hai im chn Break (BR) ..........................................24 5. Lnh ko di i tng n i tng chn Extend (EX) ..................................................25 6. Lnh thay i chiu di i tng Lengthen (LEN)...........................................................25 7. Lnh vt mp cc cnh Chamfer (CHA).............................................................................26 8. Lnh vut gc hai i tng vi bn knh cho trc Fillet (F)...........................................27 9. Lnh hiu chnh a tuyn Pedit ..........................................................................................27 VIII. Cc Lnh bin i v sao chp hnh ...........................................................29 1. Lnh di di i tng Move (M) ........................................................................................29 2. Lnh sao chp i tng Copy (Co) ...................................................................................29 3. Lnh quay i tng xung quanh mt im Rotate (RO) ..................................................30 4. Lnh thu phng i tng theo t l Scale (SC) .................................................................30 5. Lnh i xng qua trc Mirror (MI)...................................................................................31 6. Lnh di v ko gin i tng Stretch (S)........................................................................31 7. Lnh sao chp dy Array (AR)...........................................................................................32 IX. Qun l bn v theo lp, ng nt v mu ..........................................33 1. To lp mi Lnh Layer (L) ...............................................................................................33 2. Nhp cc dng ng vo trong bn v Linetype hoc Format \ Linetype.........................36 3. nh t l cho dng ng Ltscale .....................................................................................36 4. Bin CELTSCALE..............................................................................................................36

X. Hnh ct mt ct v v k hiu vt liu ....................................... 37

1. Trnh t v mt ct ..............................................................................................................37 2. V mt ct bng lnh Hatch (H) hoc BHatch....................................................................37 3. Lnh hiu chnh mt ct HatchEdit ....................................................................................39

XI. Nhp v hiu chnh vn bn................................................................... 40

1. Trnh t nhp v hiu chnh vn bn...................................................................................40 2. To kiu ch lnh Style (ST)hoc vo menu Format \ TextStyle.......................................40 3. Lnh nhp dng ch vo bn v Text .................................................................................40 4. Lnh TextFill t en ch hoc khng t en. .....................................................................41 5. Lnh nhp on vn bn Mtext (MT) .................................................................................41 6. Lnh hiu chnh vn bn DDedit (ED) ...............................................................................41

XII. Ghi v hiu chnh kch thc ............................................................ 42

1. Cc thnh phn kch thc..................................................................................................42 2. To cc kiu kch thc DimStyle (D) hoc Ddim hoc Dimension \ Style .......................42 3. Cc lnh ghi kch thc thng ............................................................................................50 4. Cc lnh ghi kch thc hng tm ....................................................................................54 5. Cc lnh ghi kch thc khc..............................................................................................55 6. Lnh hiu chnh kch thc ................................................................................................57

XIII. To khi v ghi khi. ............................................................................. 58

1. Lnh to khi Block............................................................................................................58 2. Lnh chn Block vo bn v Insert .....................................................................................60 3. Lnh lu Block thnh File dng nhiu ln (lnh Wblock).............................................63 4. Lnh ph v Block l Explode hoc Xplode.......................................................................64

XIV. In bn v. ......................................................................................................... 65

Bi Vit Thi

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AutoCad 2004

AutoCAD 2004
I. M u Gii thiu chung
AutoCAD l phn mm mnh tr gip thit k, sng tc trn my tnh ca hng AUTODESK (M) sn xut. Hin ti ngi ta hay dng cc th h AutoCAD sau. Th h Th h Thi gian Version 2.1-Release 6 Release 14 05-1997 Version 2.5-Release 7 AutoCAD 2000 2000 Version 2.6-Release 8 AutoCAD 2002 2001 Version 2.7-Release 9 AutoCAD 2004 2004

1. AutoCAD trong h thng cc phn mm ho v vn phng

Phn mm AutoCAD l phn mm thit k thng dng cho cc chuyn ngnh c kh chnh xc v xy dng. Bt u t th h th 10 tr i phm mm AutoCAD c ci tin mnh m theo hng 3 chiu v tng cng thm cc tin ch thn thin vi ngi dng. T th h AutoCAD 10 phn mm lun c 2 phin bn song hnh. Mt phin bn chy trn DOS v mt phin bn chy trn WINDOWS, xong phi n th h AutoCAD 14 phn mm mi tng thch ton din vi h iu hnh WINDOWS v khng c phin bn chy trn DOS no na. AutoCAD c mi quan h rt thn thin vi cc phn mm khc nhau p ng c cc nhu cu s dng a dng nh : Th hin, m phng tnh, m phng ng, bo co, lp h s bn v. i vi cc phn mm ho v m phng, AutoCAD to lp cc khi m hnh ba chiu vi cc ch d bn v hp l, lm c s to cc bc nh mu v hot cnh cng trnh . AutoCAD cng nhp c cc bc nh vo bn v lm nn cho cc bn v k thut mang tnh chnh xc. i vi cc phn mm vn phng ( MicroSoft Office ), AutoCAD xut bn v sang hoc chy trc tip trong cc phn mm dng nhng (OLE). Cng tc ny rt thun tin cho vic lp cc h s thit k c km theo thuyt minh, hay trnh by bo v trc mt hi ng. i vi cc phn mm thit k khc. AutoCAD to lp bn nn c th pht trin tip v b xung cc thuc tnh phi a l, nh trong h thng thng tin a l (GIS) Ngoi ra AutoCAD cng c c nhiu tin ch mnh, gip thit k t ng cc thnh phn cng trnh trong kin trc v xy dng lm cho AutoCAD ngy cng p ng tt hn nhu cu thit k hin nay.

2. Nhng kh nng chnh ca AutoCad

C th ni, kh nng v v v chnh xc l u th chnh ca AutoCad. Phn mm c th th hin tt c nhng tng thit k trong khng gian ca nhng cng trnh k thut. S tnh ton ca cc i tng v da trn c s cc to cc im v cc phng trnh khi phcs tp, ph hp vi thc tin thi cng cc cng trnh xy dng. AutoCad sa cha v bin i c tt c cc i tng v ra. Kh nng cng ngy cng mnh v thun tin cc th h sau. Cng vi kh nng b cc mi cc i tng, AutoCad to iu kin t hp nhiu hnh khi t s t cc i tng ban u, rt ph hp vi tng sng tc trong ngnh xy dng. AutoCad c cc cng c to phi cnh v h tr v trong khng gian ba chiu mnh, gip c cc gc nhn chnh xc ca cc cng trnh nh trong thc t. AutoCad cung cp cc ch v thun tin, v cng c qun l bn v mnh, lm cho bn v c t chc c khoa hc, my tnh x l nhanh, khng mc li, v nhiu ngi c th tham gian trong qu trnh thit k. Cui cng, AutoCad cho php in bn v theo ng t l, v xut bn v ra cc lai tp khc nhau tng thch vi nhiu th loi phn mm khc nhau. Bi Vit Thi Page 3

AutoCad 2004

3. Lm quen s b vi AutoCad
Khi ng AutoCad - Bt my, bt mn hnh - Nhp p phm tri ca chut vo biu tng AutoCad 2004. - Hoc dng chut vo Start/Programs/AutoCad 2004. - Ti hp hi thoi hin ln, ta nhp chut vo Start from Scratch, chn h n v do Metric, sau nhp OK. Cc cch vo lnh trong AutoCad Vo lnh t bn phm c th hin dng "Command". Cc lnh c dch ra nhng ngn t thng dng ca ting Anh, nh line, pline, arc v thng c lnh vit tt. Khi ang thc hin mt lnh, mun g lnh mi, cn nhp phm ESC trn bn phm. Vo lnh t thc n th c thc hin thng qua chut. Cng c th vo lnh t thc n mn hnh bn phi Vo lnh t nhng thanh cng c. Nhng thanh cng c ny c thit k theo nhm lnh. Mi k hiu thc hin mt lnh. Cc cch vo lnh u c gi tr ngang nhau. Tu theo thi quen v tin nghi ca mi ngi s dng m p dng. Thng th ta kt hp gia g lnh vo bn phm v dng thanh cng c hay thc n s xung.

4. Chc nng mt s phm c bit

- F1 : Tr gip Help - F2 : Chuyn t mn hnh ho sang mn hnh vn bn v ngc li. - F3 : (Ctrl + F) Tt m ch truy bt im thng tr (OSNAP) - F5 : (Ctrl + E) Chuyn t mt chiu ca trc o ny sang mt chiu trc o khc. - F6 : (Ctrl + D) Hin th ng to ca con chut khi thay i v tr trn mn hnh - F7 : (Ctrl + G) M hay tt mng li im (GRID) - F8 : (Ctrl + L) Gii hn chuyn ng ca chut theo phng thng ng hoc nm ngang (ORTHO) - F9 : (Ctrl + B) Bt tt bc nhy (SNAP) - F10 : Tt m dng trng thi Polar - Phm ENTER : Kt thc vic a mt cu lnh v nhp cc d liu vo my x l. - Phm BACKSPACE ( <-- ): Xo cc k t nm bn tri con tr. - Phm CONTROL : Nhp phm ny ng thi vi mt phm khc s gy ra cc hiu qu khc nhau tu thuc nh ngha ca chng trnh (V d : CTRL + S l ghi bn v ra a) - Phm SHIFT : Nhp phm ny ng thi vi mt phm khc s to ra mt k hiu hoc kiu ch in. - Phm ARROW (cc phm mi tn ): Di chuyn con tr trn mn hnh. - Phm CAPSLOCK : Chuyn gia kiu ch thng sang kiu ch in. - Phm ESC : Hu lnh ang thc hin. - R (Redraw) : Ty sch mt cch nhanh chng cc du "+" ( BLIPMODE ) - DEL : thc hin lnh Erase - Ctrl + P : Thc hin lnh in Plot/Print - Ctrl + Q : Thc hin lnh thot khi bn v - Ctrl + Z : Thc hin lnh Undo - Ctrl + Y : Thc hin lnh Redo - Ctrl + S : Thc hin lnh Save , QSave - Ctrl + N : Thc hin lnh To mi bn v New - Ctrl + O : Thc hin lnh m bn v c sn Open Chc nng ca cc phm chut: - Phm tri dng chn i tng v chn cc v tr trn mn hnh. - Phm phi, tng ng vi phm ENTER trn bn phm, khng nh cu lnh. - Phm gia (thng l phm con ln) dng kch hot tr gip bt im, hoc khi xoay th s thu phng mn hnh tng ng. Bi Vit Thi Page 4

AutoCad 2004

5. Cc quy c
H to : Mi im trong khng gian c xc nh bng 1 h to x, y, z vi 3 mt phng c bn xy, xz, yz. n v o: Thc t thit k trong ngnh xy dng cho thy, n v thng dng v l mm. Do vy nhn chung, ta c th quy c rng: Mt n v trn mn hnh tng ng vi mt mm trn thc t Gc xoay: - Gc v phng hng trong AutoCad c quy nh nh sau: Gc 0 Tng ng vi hng ng Gc 90 Tng ng vi hng Bc Gc 180 Tng ng vi hng Ty Gc 270/-90 Tng ng vi hng Nam - Trong mt phng hai chiu, xoay theo chiu kim ng h l gc m (-), ngc chiu kim ng h l gc dng (+).

II. Cc lnh v File 1. To File bn v mi.

Menu bar File\New... Nhp lnh New hoc Ctrl + N Toolbar

Xut hin hp thoi : Create New Drawing - Chn biu tng th 2 : Start from Scratch - Chn nt trn : Metric ( chn h mt cho bn v ) - Cui cng nhn nt OK hoc nhn phm ENTER Lc nu gii hn bn v l 420 x 297 (kh giy A4) Ch : Trong trng hp khng xut hin Hp thoi Create New Drawing ta vo CAD sau vo Tools\Options\System tip theo chn Show Traditional Startup Dialog trong khung General Options

2. Lu File bn v.
Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar File\Save... Save hoc Ctrl + S + Trng hp bn v cha c ghi thnh File th sau khi thc hin lnh Save xut hin hp thoi Save Drawing As ta thc hin cc bc sau. - Chn th mc, a mc: Save In - t tn File vo : File Name - Chn Files of type chn ghi File vi cc phin bn Cad trc ( Nu cn) - Cui cng nhn nt SAVE hoc nhn phm ENTER Ch : Nu thot khi CAD m cha ghi bn v th AutoCad c hi c ghi bn v khng nu ta chn YES th ta cng thc hin cc thao tc trn + Trng hp bn v c ghi thnh File th ta ch cn nhp chut tri vo biu tng ghi trn thanh cng c hoc nhn phm Ctrl + S lc ny Cad t ng cp nht nhng thay i vo file c ghi sn .

3. M bn v c sn.
Menu bar File\Open... Nhp lnh Save hoc Ctrl + O Toolbar

Xut hin hp thoi : Select File - Chn th mc v a cha File cn m : Look in - Chn kiu File cn m (Nu Cn ) : File of type - Chn File cn m trong khung. - Cui cng nhn nt OPEN hoc nhn phm ENTER - Nu nhn v Cancel hu b lnh Open Bi Vit Thi Page 5

AutoCad 2004

4. ng bn v
Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar File\Close Close Nu bn v c sa i th xut hin hp thoi nhc nh ta c ghi thay i khng - Chn YES c ghi thay i (Xem tip mc 2 Lu bn v) - Chn NO nu khng mun ghi thay i - Nu nhn v Cancel hu b lnh Close.

5. Thot khi AutoCad

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar File\Exit Exit, Quit, Ctrl + Q Hoc ta c th chn nt du nhn gc trn bn phi ca mn hinh Hoc nhn t hp phm Alt + F4 Nu bn v cha c ghi th xut hin hp thoi nhc nh ta c ghi file bn v khng Chn YES c ghi thay i (Xem tip mc 2 Lu bn v) Chn NO nu khng mun ghi thay i Nu nhn v Cancel hu b lnh Close.

III. H to v cc phng thc truy bt im 1. H to s dng trong AutoCad

a. H to cc. xc nh v tr im ng, mt phng v cc i tng hnh hc khc th v tr ca chng phi c tham chiu n mt v tr bit. im ny gi l im tham chiu hoc im gc ta . H to cc c s dng ph bin trong ton hc v ho v dng xc nh v tr ca cc hnh hc trong mt phng v trong khng gian ba chiu. H to hai chiu (2D) c thit lp bi mt im gc to l giao im gia hai trc vung gc: Trc honh nm ngang v trc tung thng ng. Trong bn v AutoCad mt im trong bn v hai chiu c xc nh bng honh X v tung Y cch nhau bi du phy (X,Y). im gc to l (0,0) . X v Y c th mang du m hoc du dng tu thuc v tr ca im so vi trc to . Trong bn v ba chiu (3D) ta phi nhp thm cao Z To tuyt i da theo gc to (0,0) ca bn v xc nh im. Gi tr to tuyt i da theo gc to (0,0) ni m Gc to trc X v trc Y giao nhau. S dng to tuyt i khi m bn bit chnh xc gi tr to X v Y ca im. V d to 30,50 nh trn hnh v ch nh im c 30 n v dc theo trc X v 50 n v dc theo trc Y. Trn hnh v 1 v ng thng bt u t im (-50,-50) n (30,-50) ta thc hin nh sau: Command: Line Specify first point: -50,-50 Specify next point or [Undo]: 30,-50 To tng i Da trn im nhp cui cng nht trn bn v. S dng to tng i khi bn bit v tr ca im tng i vi im trc . ch nh to tng i ta nhp vo trc to du @ (at sign). V d to @30,50 ch nh 1 im 30 n v theo trc X v 50 n v theo trc Y t im ch nh cui cng nht trn bn v. Bi Vit Thi Page 6

AutoCad 2004 V d sau ta s dng to tng i v ng thng P2P3 t im P2 (30,-50) c khong cch theo hng X l 0 n v v theo hng Y l 100 n v nh hnh v 1 Command: Line Specify first point: 30,-50 Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,100 b. H to cc. To cc c s dng nh v tr 1 im trong mt phng XY. To cc ch nh khong cch v gc so vi gc to (0,0). im P1 trn hnh v 2 c to cc l 50<60. ng chun o gc theo chiu dng trc X ca h to cc. Gc dng l gc ngc chiu kim ng h hnh v nhp to cc ta nhp khong cch v gc c cch nhau bi du mc nhn (<). V d ch nh im c khong cch 1 n v t im trc v gc 45 ta nhp nh sau: @1<45. Theo mc nh gc tng theo ngc chiu kim ng h v gim theo chiu kim ng h. thay i chiu kim ng h ta nhp gi tr m cho gc. V d nhp 1<315 tng ng vi 1<-45. Bn c th thay i thit lp hng v ng chun o gc bng lnh Units. To cc c th l tuyt i (o theo gc to ) hoc tng i (o theo im trc ). ch nh to cc tng i ta nhp thm du @ (a mc, a cng hoc at sign)

Gc to

H ta cc
Trong v d sau y ta v cc on thng l cc cnh ca lc gic u (hnh v ) theo to cc vi cc gc khc nhau s dng hng gc mc nh (chiu dng trc X l gc 0)

Cc v tr gc trn h to cc

Hnh 1

Hnh 2

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AutoCad 2004
Hnh 1: Dng lnh v Line Command: Line Specify first point : (To im P1 bt k) Specify next point or [Undo] : @60<0 (P2) Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @60<60 (P3) Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @60<120 (P4) Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @60<180 (P5) Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @60<-120 (P6) Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: C (ng im u vi im cui P6 vi P1) Hnh 2: Dng lnh v Line Command: Line Specify first point : (To im P1 bt k) Specify next point or [Undo] : @100<0 (P2) Specify next point or [Undo] : @100<120 (P3) Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @100<-120 (P6) hoc g C ng im u vi im cui.

2. Cc phng php nhp to

Cc lnh v nhc chng ta phi nhp to cc dim vo trong bn v. Trong bn v 2 chiu (2D) ta ch cn nhp honh (X) v tung (Y), cn trong bn v 3 chiu (3D) th ta phi nhp thm cao (Z). C 6 phng php nhp to mt im trong bn v. a. Dng phm tri chut chn (PICK) : Kt hp vi cc phng thc truy bt im b. To tuyt i: Nhp to tuyt i X,Y ca im theo gc to (0,0) Chiu trc quy nh nh hnh v. c. To cc : Nhp to cc ca im (D<) theo khong cch D gia im vi gc to (0,0) v gc nghing so vi ng chun. d. To tng i: Nhp to ca im theo im cui cng nht xc nh trn bn v. Ti dng nhc ta nhp @X,Y Du @ c ngha l ( Last Point) im cui cng nht m ta xc nh trn bn v. e. To cc tng i: Ti dng nhc ta nhp @D< trong D: Khong cch gia im ta cn xc nh vi im cui cng nht trn bn v. Gc l gc gia ng chun v on thng ni 2 im. ng chun l ng thng xut pht t gc to tng i v nm theo chiu dng trc X. Gc dng l gc ngc chiu kim ng h. Gc m l gc cng chiu kim ng h. f. Nhp khong cch trc tip : Nhp khong cch tng i so vi im cui cng nht, nh hng bng Cursor v nhn Enter.

3. Cc phng thc truy bt im i tng (Objects Snap)

Trong khi thc hin cc lnh v AutoCAD c kh nng gi l Object Snap (OSNAP) dng truy bt cc im thuc i tng, v d: im cui ca Line, im gia ca Arc, tm ca Circle, giao im gia Line v Arc... Khi s dng cc phng thc truy bt im, ti giao im hai si tc xut hin mt vung c tn gi l Aperture hoc l vung truy bt v ti im cn truy bt xut hin Marker (khung hnh k hiu phng thc truy bt). Khi ta chn cc i tng ang trng thi truy bt v gn im cn tm. Ta c th gn phng thc bt im theo hai phng php: - Truy bt tm tr: Ch s dng 1 ln khi truy bt 1 im - Truy bt thng tr (Running object snaps): Gn cc phng thc bt im l thng tr (lnh Osnap) Trnh t truy bt tm tr 1 im ca i tng: a. Bt u thc hin mt lnh no i hi phi ch nh im (Specify a point), v d: Arc, Circle, Line... b. Khi ti dng nhc lnh yu cu ch nh im (Specify a point) th ta chn phng thc bt im bng 1 trong cc phng php sau: - Click vo Toolbar button trn thanh cng c Standard, thanh th xung Object Snap - Nhp gi phm SHIFT v phm phi ca chut khi con tr ang trn vng ho s xut hin Shortcut menu Object snap. Sau chn phng thc bt im t Shortcut menu ny. Bi Vit Thi Page 8

AutoCad 2004 - Nhp tn tt (ba ch ci u tin, v d END, CEN...) vo dng nhc lnh. c. Di chuyn vung truy bt ngang qua v tr cn truy bt, khi s c mt khung hnh k hiu phng thc (Marker) hin ln ti im cn truy bt v nhp phm chn (khi cn nhp phm TAB chn im truy bt) - Trong AutoCAD 2004, ta c tt c 15 phng thc truy bt im ca i tng (gi tt l truy bt im). Ta c th s dng cc phng thc truy bt im thng tr hoc tm tr. Trong mc ny gii thiu truy bt im tm tr.

Cc phng thc truy bt i tng (theo th t )

1. CENter S dng bt im tm ca ng trn, cung trn, elip. Khi truy bt, ta cn chn i tng cn truy bt tm. S dng bt im cui ca ng thng (Line), Spline, Cung trn, Phn on ca pline, mline. Chn v tr gn im cui cn truy bt. V ng thng v cung trn c hai im cui, do AutoCAD s bt im cui no gn giao im 2 si tc nht. Dng bt im chn ca dng ch v block (khi). Chn mt im bt k ca dng ch hay block v nhp chn. Dng bt giao im ca hai i tng. Mun truy bt th giao im phi nm trong vung truy bt hoc c hai i tng u chm vi vung truy bt. Ngoi ra ta c th chn ln lt Dng truy bt im gia ca mt ng thng cung trn hoc Spline. Chn mt im bt k thuc i tng. Dng truy bt mt im thuc i tng gn giao im vi 2 si tc nht. Cho vung truy bt n chm vi i tng gn im cn truy bt v nhp phm chut tri Dng truy bt mt im (Point). Cho vung truy bt n chm vi im v nhp ph chut. Dng truy bt im vung gc vi i tng c chn. Cho vung truy bt n chm vi i tng v nhp phm chut. ng thng vung gc vi ng trn s i qua tm Dng truy bt cc im 1/4 ( Circle, Elipp, Arc, .) Dng truy bt im tip xc vi Line, Arc, Elipp, Circle,) Phng thc truy bt mt im bng cch nhp to tng i hoc cc tng i l mt im chun m ta c th truy bt. Phng thc ny thc hin 2 bc. Bc 1: Xc nh gc to tng iti dng nhc "Base point" ( bng cch nhp to hco s dng cc phng thc truy bt khc ) Bc 2: Nhp to tng i, cc tng i ca im cn tm ti dng nhc "Offset" so vi im gc to tng i va xc nh ti bc 1 Phng thc ny cho php truy bt giao im cc i tng 3D trong m im hnh hin hnh m thc t trong khng gian chng khng giao nhau. Trong AutoCAD ta c th s dng la chn Tracking nhp to im tng i qua mt im m ta s xc nh. S dng tng t Point filters v From Page 9

2. ENDpoint

3. INSert

4. INTersection

5. MIDpoint 6. NEArest 7. NODe 8. PERpendicular 9. QUAdrant 10. TANgent

11. FROm

12. APPint

13. Tracking

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AutoCad 2004

4. Lnh Osnap (OS) gn ch chuy bt im thng tr

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Tools\Drafting Settings... OSnap hoc OS gn ch truy bt im thng tr bng hp thoi Drafting Setting. lm xut hin hp thoi Drafting Setting ta thc hin G lnh OSnap (OS) hoc Dsettings hoc bng Menu hoc gi Shift v nhp phi chut trn mn hnh CAD s xut hin Shortcut Menu v ta chn OSnap Settings... ( Nu trc chua gn ch truy bt im thng tr no ta c th nhn phm F3) Khi hp thoi Drafting Setting xut hin ta chn trang Object Snap Sau ta chn cc phng thc truy bt im cn dng sau nhn OK thot.

im chn im cui im gia im tm im nt im 1/4 im giao

im ko di im vung gc

im tip xc im gn nht Dng trong 3D

im //

5. Lnh v ng thng Line ( vi cc phng php nhp to )

Menu bar Draw\Line Nhp lnh Line hoc L Toolbar

Command : L - Specify first point - Specify next point or [Undo] - Specify next point or [Undo/Close]

Ch cn g ch ci l - Nhp to im u tin - Nhp to im cui ca on thng - Tip tc nhp to im cui ca on thng hoc g ENTER kt thc lnh ( Nu ti dng nhc ny ta g U th Cad s hu ng thng va v. Nu g C th Cad s ng im cui cng vi im u tin trong trng hp v nhiu on thng lin tip) - Trong trng hp F8 bt th ta ch cn a chut v pha mun v on thng sau nhp chiu di ca on thng cn v . Page 10

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AutoCad 2004 V d: Command : L - Specify first point - Specify next point or [Undo]: 100 - Specify next point or [Undo]: 100

- Chn mt im u tin - Bt F8 (Ortho On) a chut sang phi g s s c on thng nm ngang di 100 - Bt F8 (Ortho On) a chut ln trn g s s c on thng ng di 100

V d: Dng phng php nhp to tuyt i v tng i v cc hnh trong bi tp.

6. Lnh v ng trn Circle ( vi cc phng php nhp to )

Menu bar Draw\Circle\ Nhp lnh Circle hoc C Toolbar

C 5 phng php khc nhau v ng trn Tm v bn knh hoc ng knh ( Center, Radius hoc Diameter) Command : C - Specify center Point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr] - Nhp to tm (bng cc phng php nhp to hoc truy bt im) - Specify Radius of circle or [Diameter]: - Nhp bn knh hoc to ca ng trn. (Nu ta g D ti dng nhc ny th xut hin dng nhc sau) - Specify Diameter of circle: - Ti y ta nhp gi tr ca ng knh V d: V ng trn c tm bt k v c bn knh l 50 v ng trn c ng knh l 50 3 Point (3P) v ng trn i qua 3 im Command : C - Specify center Point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr]: - Ti dng nhc ny ta g 3P - Specify First Point on circle: - Nhp im th nht ( dng cc phng php nhp to hoc truy bt im) - Specify Second Point on circle: - Nhp im th 2 - Specify Third Point on circle: - Nhp im th 3 Ngoi phng php nhp qua 3 im nh trn ta c th dng Menu (Draw\ Circle) dng phng php TAN, TAN, TAN v ng trn tiu xc vi 3 i tng.

2 Point (2P) v ng trn i qua 2 im Command : C - Specify center Point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr]: - Specify First End Point of circle's diameter:
- Specify Second End Point of circle diameter:

- Ti dng nhc ny ta g 2P - Nhp im u ca ng knh (dng cc phng php nhp to hoc truy bt im) - Nhp im cui ca ng knh

ng trn tip xc 2 i tng v c bn knh R (TTR) Command : C - Specify center Point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr]: - Ti dng nhc ny ta g TTR - Specify Point on Object for first tangent of - Chn i tng th nht ng trn tip xc Circle: - Specify Point on Object for Second tangent - Chn i tng th hai ng trn tip xc of Circle: - Nhp bn knh ng trn - Specify Radius of Circle <>:
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AutoCad 2004

IV. Cc thit lp bn v c bn 1. Gii hn khng gian v - Lnh LIMITS

Sau khi khi ng chng trnh AutoCad, nhp chut vo Start from scartch v chn h o l Metric, ta s c mt mn hnh ca khng gian lm vic c ln mc nh l 420, 297 n v. Nu quy c 1 n v trn mn hnh tng ng vi 1 mm ngoi thc t, ta s v c i tng c kch 42 cm x 29,7 cm. Nu v cng trnh, khng gian rt cht hp. Do vy ta cn nh ngha mt khng gian lm vic ln hn. Nhp lnh:

Menu : Format/Drawing Limits Command : limits Reset Model space limits : Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000> : Specify upper right corner <420.0000,297.0000> : 42000,29700

Bn phm : Limits G lnh gii hn mn hnh Nhp Enter ng vi to im u ca gii hn mn hnh. Cho gii hn mn hnh ln bng mt khng gian rng 42 m x 29,7 m ngoi thc t

Lu : - Cho d khng gian c nh ngha rng hn 100 ln hin ti, mn hnh lc ny vn khng c g thay i. Ta phi thc hin lnh thu khng gian gii hn vo bn trong mn hnh bng lnh di y.

2. Thu khng gian c gii hn vo trong mn hnh - Lnh ZOOM.

Nhp lnh: Menu : View/Zoom Command : z Bn phm : zoom G lnh thu phng mn hnh

-Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor - Nhp tham s cn dng sau g Enter (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/ Previous/Scale/Window] <real time> : a Cc Tham s ca lnh ZOOM RealTime : sau khi vo lnh Zoom ta nhn phm Enter lun vo thc hin la sau ta gi phm tri chn ny tng ng vi nt trn thanh cng c chut v Click a ln trn hoc xung di phng to hay thu nh. ALL : Auto Cad s hin th tt c bn v trn mn hnh my tnh. Center: Phng to mn hnh quanh mt tm im v vi chiu cao ca s. - Specify center point: Chn tm khung ca s - Enter magnification or height: Nhp gi tr chiu cao khung ca s Window: Phng to ln mn hnh phn hnh nh xc nh bi khung ca s hnh ch nht. Tng ng vi nt trn thanh cng c l - Specify first corner : Chn gc ca s th nht - Specify opposite corner: Chn gc ca s i din. Previous: Phc hi li ca hnh nh Zoom trc . ( c th phc hi 10 hnh nh) Tng ng vi nt trn thanh cng c l Lu : - Nu c i tng v to hn hoc nm ngoi gii hn mn hnh th lnh ny s thu ng thi c gii hn mn hnh (t to 0,0) v i tng v vo trong mn hnh.

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3. Lnh y bn v Pan
Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar View\Pan\ Pan hoc P Lnh Pan cho php di chuyn v tr bn v so vi mn hnh quan st cc phn cn thit ca bn v m khng lm thay i ln hnh nh bn v.

4. n v o bn v
Menu bar Nhp lnh Format\Units\ Units Lnh Units nh n v di v n v gc cho bn v hin hnh. Sau khi vo lnh s xut hin hp thoi . Trn hp thoi ny ta c th chn n v cho bn v Danh sch loi n v Danh sch chnh xc Chn n v gc n v ca Block khi chn vo bn v Chn ng chun v hng o gc Toolbar

5. Lnh Snap, lnh Grid, lnh Ortho

a) Lnh Snap Menu bar Nhp lnh Phm tt Tools\Drafting Setting...\ Snap F9 hoc Ctrl + B Lnh Snap iu khin trng thi con chy (Cursor) l giao im ca hai si tc. Xc nh bc nhy con chy v gc quay ca hai si tc. Bc nhy bng khong cch li Grid Trng thi Snap c th tt m bng cch nhp p chut vo nt Snap trn thanh trng thi pha di hoc nhn phm F9. b) Lnh Grid ( Ch li) Menu bar Nhp lnh Phm tt Tools\Drafting Setting...\ Grid F7 hoc Ctrl + G Lnh Grid to cc im li trn gii hn bn v khong cch cc im li theo phng X, Y c th ging nhau hoc khc nhau tu theo ta nh ngha trong hp thoi Drafting Setting... Trng thi Grid c th tt m bng cch nhp p chut vo nt Grid trn thanh trng thi pha di hoc nhn phm F7. c) Lnh Ortho Menu bar Nhp lnh Phm tt Tools\Drafting Setting...\ Snap F8 hoc Ctrl + L Lnh Orthor thit lp ch v lnh Line theo phng ca cc si tc d) Thit lp ch cho Sanp v Grid C th trong hnh sau

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AutoCad 2004

Snap ON/OFF Grid theo X Grid theo Y Snap theo Y nghing ca 2 si tc

Kiu Grid

6. Lnh Mvsetup to khung bn v

Menu bar Nhp lnh Phm tt MVsetup Sau khi nhp lnh xut hin cc dng nhc sau. - Enable pager Space? [No/Yes] <Y>: (Ta nhp N v nhn Enter) - Enter units type [.........../Metric]: (ta nhp M chn h mt v nhn Enter) - Enter the scale factor : ( Nhp gi tr t l) - Enter the Pager width : (Nhp chiu rng kh giy) - Enter the Pager height : (Nhp chiu cao kh giy) Bng nh gii hn bn v (Limits) theo kh giy in v t l Paper size (mm) A4: 297x210 mm m A3: 420x297 mm m A2: 594x420 mm m A1: 841x594 mm m A0: 1189x841 mm m T l v 1:1 T l in 1=1 297x210 0.297x0.21 420x297 0.42x0.297 594x420 0.594x0.42 841x594 0.841x0.594 1189x841 1.189x0.841 T l v 1:2 T l in 1=2 594x420 0.594x0.42 840x594 0.84x0.594 1188x840 1.188x0.84 1682x1188 1.682x1.188 2378x1682 2.378x1.682 T l v 1:5 T l in 1=5 1485x1050 1.485x1.05 2100x1485 2.1x1.485 2970x2100 2.97x2.1 4205x2970 4.205x2.97 5945x4205 5.945x4.205 T l v 1:10 T l in 1=10 2970x2100 2.97x2.1 4200x2970 4.2x2.97 5940x4200 5.94x4.2 8410x5940 8.41x5.94 11890x8410 11.89x8.41 T l v 1:20 T l in 1=20 5940x4200 5.94x4.2 8400x5940 8.4x5.94 11880x8400 11.88x8.4 16820x11880 16.82x11.88 23780x16820 23.78x16.82

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V. Cc Lnh v c bn. 1. Lnh v ng thng Line (L) ( hc trn)

Menu bar Draw\Line Menu bar Draw\Circle\ Nhp lnh Line hoc L Nhp lnh Circle hoc C Toolbar

2. Lnh v ng trn Circle (C) ( hc trn)

Toolbar

3. Lnh v cung trn Arc (A)

Menu bar Draw\ARC\ Nhp lnh ARC hoc A Toolbar

S dng lnh ARC v cung trn. Trong qu trnh v ta c th s dng cc phng thc truy bt im, cc phng php nhp to xc nh cc im. C cc phng php v cung trn sau. Cung trn i qua 3 im ( 3 Point ) V cung trn i qua 3 im. Ta c th chn ba im bt k hoc s dng phng thc truy bt im. Command : A Menu: Draw\ARC\3 Points - Specify start point of arc or [CEnter] - Nhp im th nht - Specify second point of arc or [CEnter/ENd] - Nhp im th hai - Specify end point of arc - Nhp im th ba. V cung vi im u tm im cui ( Start, Center, End ) Nhp ln lt im u, tm v im cui . im cui khng nht thit phi lm trn cung trn. Cung trn c v theo ngc chiu kim ng h. Command : A Menu: Draw\ARC\Start, Center, Endpoint - Specify start point of arc or [CEnter] - Nhp im th u S - Specify second point of arc or [CEnter/ENd]: - Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp CE ( Nu chn CE lnh v Menu th khng c dng nhc ny. - Specify Center point of arc - Nhp to tm cung trn. - Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord - Nhp to im cui Length] V cung vi im u tm v gc tm ( Start, Center, Angle ) Command : A Menu: Draw\ARC\Start, Center, Angle - Specify start point of arc or [CEnter] - Nhp im th u - Specify second point of arc or [CEnter/ENd]: - Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp CE ( Nu chn CE lnh v Menu th khng c dng nhc ny. - Nhp to tm cung trn. - Specify Center point of arc - Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord - Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch A (nu chn t Length]: A menu th khng c dng nhc ny) - Specify included Angle - Nhp gi tr gc tm. V cung vi im u tm v chiu di dy cung ( Start, Center, Length of Chord ) Command : A Menu: Draw\ARC\Start, Center, Length - Specify start point of arc or [CEnter] - Nhp im th u - Specify second point of arc or [CEnter/ENd]: - Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp CE ( Nu chn CE lnh v Menu th khng c dng nhc ny. - Nhp to tm cung trn. - Specify Center point of arc - Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord - Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch L (nu chn t Length]: L menu th khng c dng nhc ny) - Specify length of chord - Nhp chiu di dy cung Bi Vit Thi Page 15

AutoCad 2004

V cung vi im u, im cui v bn knh (Start, End, Radius)

Command : Arc Menu: Draw\ARC\Start, End, Radius - Specify start point of arc or [CEnter] - Nhp im th u - Specify second point of arc or [CEnter/ENd]: - Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp CE ( Nu chn EN lnh t Menu th khng c dng nhc ny) - Nhp im cui ca cung trn. - Specify end point of arc - Specify center point of arc or [Angle/ - Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch R (nu chn t Direction/Radius]: R menu th khng c dng nhc ny) - Specify radius of arc - Nhp bn knh ca cung V cung vi im u, im cui v gc tm (Start, End, Included Angle) Command : A Menu: Draw\ARC\Start, End, Included Angle - Specify start point of arc or [CEnter] - Nhp im u - Specify second point of arc or [CEnter/ENd]: - Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp EN ( Nu chn EN lnh v Menu th khng c dng nhc ny. - Nhp to im cui ca cung. - Specify end point of arc - Specify center point of arc or [Angle/ - Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch A (nu chn t Direction/Radius]: A menu th khng c dng nhc ny) - Specify included angle - Nhp gi tr gc tm Ngoi ra cn c cc phng php v cung trn ph sau V cung vi im u, im cui v hng tip tuyn ca cung ti im bt u (Start, End, Direction) V cung vi tm, im u v im cui (Center, Start, End) V cung vi tm, im u v gc tm (Center, Start, Angle) V cung vi tm, im u v chiu di dy cung (Center, Start, Length)

4. Lnh v ng a tuyn Pline (PL) : ng c b rng nt

Menu bar Draw\PolyLine\ Nhp lnh Pline hoc PL Toolbar

Command : PL - Specify start point : Current line-width is 0.0000 - Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth /Length /Undo/Width]: - .............. - Cc tham s chnh + Close + Halfwidth * Starting halfwidth<>: * Ending halfwidth<>: + Width * Starting Width<>: * Ending Width<>: + Length * Length of line: + Undo + Arc Bi Vit Thi

- Nhp im u ca ng thng Th hin chiu rng hin hnh - Nhp im th 2 hoc chn cc tham s khc ca lnh Pline - ............ ( tim tc nhp im tip theo...) + ng Pline bi mt on thng nh Line + nh na chiu rng phn on sp v * Nhp gi tr na chiu rng u * Nhp gi tr na chiu rng cui + nh chiu rng phn on sp v * Nhp gi tr chiu rng u * Nhp gi tr chiu rng cui + V tip mt phn on c chiu nh on thng trc nu phn on trc l cung trn th n s tip xc vi cung trn . * Nhp chiu di phn on sp v. + Hu b nt v trc . + V cung trn ni tip vi ng thng.

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5. Lnh v a gic u Polygon (POL)

Menu bar Draw\Polygon\ Nhp lnh Polygon hoc POL Toolbar

- V a gic ngoi tip ng trn Command : POL - Enter number of side <4>: - Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: - Enter an option [.....] <I>: C - Specify radius of circle:

- Nhp s cnh ca a gic - Nhp to tm ca a gic - Ti dng nhc ny ta g C - Ti y nhp bn knh ng trn ni tip a gic hoc to im hoc truy bt im l im gia mt cnh a gic.

- V a gic ni tip ng trn Command : POL - Enter number of side <4>: - Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: - Enter an option [.....] <I>: I - Specify radius of circle:

- Nhp s cnh ca a gic - Nhp to tm ca a gic - Ti dng nhc ny ta g I - Ti y nhp bn knh ng trn ngoi tip a gic hoc to im hoc truy bt im l im nh ca a gic.

- V a gic theo cnh ca a gic Command : POL - Enter number of side <4>: - Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: E - Specify first endpoint of edge: - Specify Second endpoint of edge:

- Nhp s cnh ca a gic - Ti dng nhc ny ta goa E - Chn hoc nhp to im u mt cnh - Chn hoc nhp to im cui cnh

6. Lnh v hnh ch nht Rectang (REC)

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Draw\Rectangle\ Rectangle hoc REC Lnh REC dng v hnh ch nht. Hnh ch nht a tuyn ta c th dng lnh Pedit hiu chnh v lnh Explode ph v chng ra thnh cc on thng. Command : REC - Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/ - Nhp gc th nht ca HCN hoc nhp cc Elevation/ Fillet/ Thickness/ Width ] tham s ( nhp ch ci u ca tham s) - Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: - Nhp gc th hai ca HCN hoc nhp tham ( cc tham s c th nh sau) s D - Vt mp 4 nh HCN + Chamfer (Sau khi vo lnh g ch C ) * Nhp gi tr ca cnh cn vt th nht * Specify first chamfer distance........ * Nhp gi tr ca cnh cn vt th hai * Specify Second chamfer distance........ * Sau khi nhp thng s cho vt mp ta nhp * Specify first corner........ gc th nht ca HCN * Specify other corner point....... * Nhp gc th hai ca HCN - Bo trn cc nh ca HCN + Fillet (Sau khi vo lnh g ch F ) * Nhp bn knh cn bo trn * Specify fillet radius for rectangles.. * Sau khi nhp bn knh ta nhp gc th * Specify first corner........ nht ca HCN * Specify other corner point....... * Nhp gc th hai ca HCN nh b rng nt v HCN + Width (Sau khi vo lnh g ch W ) * Nhp b rng nt v HCN * Specify line width for rectangles<>: * Sau khi nhp b rng nt v ta nhp gc * Specify first corner........ th nht ca HCN * Specify other corner point....... * Nhp gc th hai ca HCN Bi Vit Thi Page 17

AutoCad 2004 + Elevation/ Thickness + Dimension * Specify lenght for rectangles<..>: * Specify Widht for rectangles<..>: - Dng trong v 3D - Tham s ny cho php nhp chiu cao v chiu di HCN theo cc dng nhc sau y. * Nhp chiu di ca HCN * Nhp chiu cao ca HCN

7. Lnh v Elip Ellipse (EL)

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Draw\Ellipse... Ellipse hoc EL Lnh EL dng v ng Elip. Tu thuc vo bin PELLIPSE ng Elip c th l PELLIPSE = 1 ng EL l mt a tuyn, a tuyn ny l tp hp cc cung trn. Ta c th s dng lnh PEDIT hiu chnh PELLIPSE = 0 ng Elip l ng Spline y l ng cong NURBS ( xem lnh Spline) v ta khng th Explode n c. ng Elip ny c th truy bt tm v im 1/4 nh ng trn Nu thay i bin ta g PELLIPSE ti dng lnh sau nhp gi tr ca bin l 0 hoc l 1 Trng hp PELLIPSE = 0 ta c ba phng php v Elip Nhp ta mt trc v khong cch na trc cn li Command : EL - Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/ center] - Nhp im u trc th nht - Specify other endpoint of axis: - Nhp im cui trc th nht - Specify distanceto other axis or [Rotation]: - Nhp khong cch na trc th hai * R ( nu chn tham s R ) * Chn R xc nh khong cch na trc th hai * Specify rotation around major axis: * Nhp gc quay quanh ng trn trc Tm v cc trc Command : EL - Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/ center]: - Ti dng nhc ny ta g C - Specify center of Ellipse : - Nhp to hoc chn tm Elip - Specify endpoint of axis: - Nhp khong cch na trc th nht - Specify distanceto other axis or [Rotation]: - Nhp khong cch na trc th hai * ( nu chn tham s R xem nh trn ) V cung Elip Command : EL - Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/ center]: - Ti dng nhc ny ta g A - Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [center] - Nhp to hoc chn im u ca trc th nht - Specify other endpoint of axis : - Nhp to hoc chn im u ca trc th nht - Specify distanceto other axis or [Rotation]: - Nhp khong cch na trc th hai - Specify start angle or [Parameter]: - Chn im u ca cung hoc nhp gi tr gc y l gc gia trc ta va nh vi ng thng t tm n im u ca cung - Specify end angle or [Parameter/Include angle]: - Chn cui ca cung hoc nhp gi tr gc y l gc gia trc ta va nh vi ng thng t tm n im cui ca cung

8. Lnh v ng Spline (SPL) lnh v cc ng cong

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Draw\Spline Spline hoc SPL Dng to ng cong NURBS ( Non Uniform Rational Bezier Spline ) cc ng cong c bit. ng Spline i qua tt c cc im m ta chn cc im ny gi l CONTROL Bi Vit Thi Page 18

AutoCad 2004 POINT . Lnh Spline dng to cc ng cong c hnh dng khng u. V d v cc ng ng mc trong h thng thng tin a l hoc trong thit k khung sn t, v tu thuyn ... Command : SPL - Specify first point or [Object]: - Chn im u ca Spline - Specify next point: - Chn im k tip - Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start - Chn to im k tip tangent>: - Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start - Chn to im k tip hoc nhn phm tangent>: ENTER kt thc - Specify start tangent: - Chn hng tip tuyn ti im u hoc ENTER chn mc nh - Specify end tangent: - Chn hng tip tuyn ti im cui hoc ENTER chn mc nh - ng kn ng SPLINE ( ni im u * Tham s CLOSE vi im cui) - To ng cong Spline min hn. Khi gi tr * Tham s Fit to lerance - Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start ny = 0 th ng SLPINE i qua tt c cc tangent>: f im ta chn. Khi gi tr ny khc khng th ng cong ko ra xa cc im ny to ng cong min hn - Specify fit tolerance <0.0000>: 5 - ENTER hoc nhp gi tr dng

9. Lnh Mline v ng // v MlStyle v MLedit

Lnh Mline dng v mt bng cc cng trnh kin trc, xy dng, v bn . to kiu ng Mline ta s dng lnh Mlstyle, hiu chnh ng mline ta s dng lnh Mledit. a. To kiu ng mline bng lnh Mlstyle Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Format > Multiline Style... Mlstyle Trc khi thc hin lnh Mline ta phi to kiu ng mline v xc nh cc thnh phn ca ng mline v khong cch gia cc thnh phn, dng ng v mu cho cc thnh phn Sau khi vo lnh xut hin hp thoi sau. Tn kiu Mline hin hnh Nhp tn Mline mi mun to vo ny sau nhn nt Add pha di m t kiu mline Ti mt kiu Mline t File Lu mt kiu Mline thnh file Xut hin hp thoi Element Properties... Xut hin hp thoi Multiline Properties...

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AutoCad 2004 Nt Delete xo 1 thnh phm Nt Add nhp thm thnh phm

Nhp khong cch ca 1 ng so vi ng tm trong mt thnh phn ca Mline Nt Color chn mu cho ng Nt Linetype nhp kiu ng Hp thoi Element Properties... Ni cc u ca cc on Mline Trong Caps dng nh u v cui cho Mline ( bng ng thng hoc ng trn...) Dng t y mline. Ta c th chn mu t bng cc nhp chut vo nt Color

Hp thoi Multiline Properties... a. V ng song song Mline Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Draw > Multiline Mline hoc ML Mline V cc ng song song, mi ng song song c gi l thnh phn (element) ca ng mline. Ti a to c 16 thnh phn. Command : ML - Specify start point or [Justification/ Scale/ - Chn im u tin ca Mline STyle]: - Specify next point: - Chn im k tip - Specify next point or [Undo]: - Chn im k tip hoc nhp U hu phn on va v - Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: - Chn im k tip hoc s dng cc la chn. Nu chn C ng im u vi im cui trong trng hp v lin tc. Cc tham s ca lnh Command : ML

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- Specify start point or [Justification/ Scale/ STyle]: J

* Enter justification type [Top/Zero/Bottom] <top>: - Specify start point or [Justification/ Scale/ - Nu ti dng nhc ny ta nhp S nh t STyle]: S l cho kong cch gia cc thnh phn - Specify start point or [Justification/ Scale/ - Nu ti dng nhc ny ta nhp S nhp STyle]: S tn khiu Mline c sn c. Lnh hiu chnh ng mline Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Modify > Object > Multiline Mledit Sau khi nhp lnh xut hin hp thoi Multiline Edit Tools ta chn 1 trong 12 phng php hiu chnh bng cch nhp p vo hnh m ta cn hiu chnh

AutoCad 2004 - Nu ti dng nhc ny ta nhp J nh v tr ca ng Mline bng ng tm hay ng trn hoc ng di. * Chn cc tham s cn nh v tr

10. Lnh v im Point (PO)

Menu bar Draw\Point\ Nhp lnh Point hoc PO Toolbar

Dng lnh Point v mt im trn bn v Command : PO - Specity a point: Ch nh v ch im ( dng truy bt im hoc nhp to )

11. Lnh nh kiu im Ddptype

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Format\Point Style... Ddptype Sau khi nhp lnh s lm xut hin hp thoi Point Style. Trn hp thoi ny ta nh kiu v kch thc im. truy bt im ta s dng phng thc truy bt im NODe

Chn kiu ca im Chn kch thc ca im Kch thc tng i so vi % mn hnh nh kch thc tuyt i ca im theo n v v

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12. Lnh chia i tng thnh nhiu on bng nhau Divide (DIV)
Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Draw\Point >\Divide... Divide hoc DIV Dng chia i tng ( Line, Arc, Circle, Pline, Spline) thnh cc on c chiu di bng nhau. Ti cc im chia ca i tng s xut hin mt im. i tng c chia vn gi nguyn tnh cht l mt i tng. nh kiu ca cc im chia ny ta dng lnh PointStyle hc trn. truy bt cc im ny ta dng phng php truy bt NODe Command : DIV - Select object to divide: - Chn i tng cn chia - Enter the number of segments or [Block]: - Nhp s on cn chia hoc nhp B ( Bu chn B xut hin dng nhc sau) chn mt khi (Block) vo cc im chia. * Enter name of block to insert: * Nhp tn khi cn chn * Align block with object? [Yes/No] <Y>: * Mun quay khi khi chn khng * Enter the number of segments: * Nhp s on cn chia

13. Lnh chia i tng ra cc on c chiu di bng nhau Measure (ME)

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Draw\Point >\Measure Measure hoc ME Tng t Divide lnh Measure dng chia i tng ( Line, Arc, Circle, Pline, Spline) thnh cc on c chiu di cho trc bng nhau. Ti cc im chia ca i tng s xut hin mt im. i tng c chia vn gi nguyn cc tnh cht i tng ban u. Command : ME - Select object to Measure: - Specify length of segment or [Block]: ( Bu chn B xut hin dng nhc sau) * Enter name of block to insert: * Align block with object? [Yes/No] <Y>: * Specify length of segment: VI. Cc lnh hiu chnh cn bn. - Chn i tng cn chia - Nhp chiu di mi on hoc nhp B chn mt khi (Block) vo cc im chia. * Nhp tn khi cn chn * Mun quay khi khi chn khng * Chiu di on cn chia

1. Lnh xa i tng Erase (E)

Menu bar Modify\Erase hoc Edit\Clear Nhp lnh Erase hoc E Toolbar

Dng xo cc i tng c chn trn bn v hin hnh. Sau khi chn i tng ta ch cn nhn phm ENTER th lnh c thc hin. Command : E - Select object - Chn i tng cn xo - Select object - Chn tip cc i tng cn xo hoc ENTER thc hin xo

2. Lnh phc hi i tng b xo Oops

phc hi cc i tng c xo bng lnh Erase trc ta s dng lnh Oops. Tuy nhin lnh lnh ny ch phc hi cc i tng b xo trong mt lnh Erase trc Vo lnh sau ENTER Command : Oops

3. Lnh hu b lnh va thc hin Undo (U)

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Edit \ Undo Undo hoc U hoc Ctrl + Z Lnh Undo hu b ln lt cc lnh thc hin trc . Vo lnh sau ENTER Command : U Bi Vit Thi Page 22

AutoCad 2004

4. Lnh phc hi i tng va Undo l Redo

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Edit \ Redo Redo hoc Ctrl + Y S dng lnh Redo sau cc lnh Undo phc hi cc lnh va hu trc Vo lnh sau ENTER Command : REDO

5. Lnh ti to mn hnh hay v li mn hnh Redraw (R)

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar View \ Redraw Redraw hoc R Lnh Redraw lm mi cc i tng trong khung nhn hin hnh. Lnh ny dng xo cc du "+" ( gi l cc BLIPMODE) trn Viewport hin hnh Vo lnh sau ENTER Command : R Lnh Redrawall lm mi li cc i tng trong tt c khung nhn bn v hin hnh Vo lnh sau ENTER Command : Redrawall

6. Lnh ti to i tng trn mn hinh Regen (RE)

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar View \ Regen Regen hoc Regenall Lnh Regen s dng tnh ton v ti ti li ton b cc i tng trn khung nhn hinh hnh. Tng t l Regenall tnh ton v ti ti li ton b cc i tng trn c bn v

VII. Cc lnh hiu chnh to hnh 1. Lnh to cc i tng song song vi cc i tng cho trc Offset (O)
Menu bar Modify \ Offset Nhp lnh Offset hoc O Toolbar

Lnh Offset dng to cc i tng song song theo hng vung gc vi cc i tng c chn. i tng c chn c th l Line, Circle, Arc, Pline ...... Vo lnh sau ENTER Command : O - Specify offset distance or [Through] : 2 - Nhp khong cch gia hai i tng // - Select object to offset or <exit>: - Chn i tng cn to // - Specify point on side to offset: - Chn im bt k v pha cn to i tng // - Select object to offset or <exit> - Tip tc chn i tng cn to // hoc nhn phm ENTER kt thc lnh Command : O - Specify offset distance or [Through] : T - Select object to offset or <exit>: - Specify through point: - Select object to offset or <exit> Vo lnh sau ENTER - Nu ti dng nhc ny ta nhp T - Chn i tng cn to // - Truy bt im m i tng mi c to i qua - Tip tc chn i tng cn to // hoc nhn phm ENTER kt thc lnh

2. Lnh ct i tng gia hai i tng giao Trim (TR)

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Modify \ Trim Trim hoc TR Lnh Trim dng xo on cui ca i tng c gii hn bi mt i tng giao hoc on gia ca i tng c gii hn bi hai i tng giao. Vo lnh sau ENTER Command : TR

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AutoCad 2004 - Select objects: - Select objects: - Chn ng chn - chn tip ng chn hoc ENTER kt thc vic la chn ng chn. - Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or - Chn i tng cn xn [Project/Edge/Undo]: - Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or - Tip tc chn i tng cn xn hay ENTER [Project/Edge/Undo]: kt thc lnh Xn bt i tng nhng thc cht hai i tng khng thc s giao nhau m chng ch thc s giao nhao khi ko di ra. Vo lnh sau ENTER Command : TR - Select objects: - Chn ng chn - Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or - Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch E [Project/Edge/Undo]: E - Enter an implied edge extension mode [Extend - Ti dng nhc ny ta tip tc g ch E /No extend] <No extend>: E - Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or - Chn i tng cn xn hay ENTER kt [Project/Edge/Undo]: thc lnh

3. Lnh ct m rng Extrim

Nhp lnh Toolbar Extrim Lnh Extrim dng ct b tt c phn tha ra v mt pha no so vi ng chn. Vo lnh sau ENTER Command : EXTRIM - Select objects: - Chn ng chn - Specify the side to trim on: - Chn pha cn ct so vi ng chn Menu bar

4. Lnh xn mt phn i tng gia hai im chn Break (BR)

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Modify \ Trim Break hoc BR Lnh Break cho php ta xn mt phn ca i tng Arc, Line, Circle, ....on c xn gii hn bi hai imma ta chn. Nu ta xn mt phn ca ng trn th on c xn nm ngc chiu kim ng hv bt u t im chn th nht. C 4 phng php khi thc hin lnh Break a. Chn hai im. Thc hin theo phng php ny gm 2 bc sau Bc 1: Chn i tng ti mt im v im ny l im u tin ca on cn xn. Bc 2: Chn im cui ca on cn xn. Vo lnh sau ENTER Command : BR - Select objects: - Chn i tng m ta mun xn v im trn i tng ny l im u tin ca on cn xn. - Specify second break point or [Firrst Point]: - Chn im cui ca on cn xn b. Chn i tng v hai im. Command : BR - Select objects: - Specify second break point or [Firrst Point]: F - Specify first break point - Specify second break point Vo lnh sau ENTER - Chn i tng m ta mun xn - Ti dng nhc th 2 ta chn F - Chn im u tin on cn xn - Chn im cui on cn xn.

c. Chn mt im. Lnh Break trong trng hp ny dng tch 1 i tng thnh hai i tng c lp. im tch l im m ta chn i tng thc hin lnh Break. Bi Vit Thi Page 24

Command : BR - Select objects: - Specify second break point or [Firrst Point]: @

AutoCad 2004 Vo lnh sau ENTER - Chn i tng m ta mun xn ti im cn tch i tng. - Ti dng nhc ny ta g @ sau nhn phm ENTER

d. Chn i tng v mt im. Phng php ny tch 1 i tng thnh hai i tng c lp ti v tr xc nh. Phng php ny c chc nng tng t phng php c Vo lnh sau ENTER Command : BR - Select objects: - Chn i tng tch thnh 2 i tng. - Specify second break point or [Firrst Point]: F - Ti dng nhc ny ta chn F - Specify first break point - Chn im cn tch bng cc phng thc truy bt im v im ny l im cn tch hai i tng. - - Specify second break point : @ - Ti dng nhc ny ta g @ sau nhn phm ENTER

5. Lnh ko di i tng n i tng chn Extend (EX)

Menu bar Modify \ Extend Command : EX - Select objects: - Select objects: Nhp lnh Extend hoc EX Toolbar

Vo lnh sau ENTER - Chn i tng chn - Tip tc chn hoc nhn ENTER kt thc vic la chn. - Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or - Chn i tng cn ko di hoc nhn [Project/Edge/Undo]: ENTER kt thc lnh. * Nu g E ti dng nhc trn dng ko di mt on thng n mt on thng khng giao vi n. * Nu g U ti dng nhc trn dng hu b thao tc va thc hin.

6. Lnh thay i chiu di i tng Lengthen (LEN)

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Modify \ Lengthen Lengthen hoc LEN Dng thay i chiu di ( ko di hay lm ngn li ) cc i tng l on thng hay cung trn. Command : LEN - Select objects or [DElta/ Percent/ Total / DYnamic]: Vo lnh sau ENTER - Ti dng nhc ny ta chn i tng th Cad s hin th chiu di ca i tng c chn * Nu ta g tham s DE ( xut hin dng nhc - Thay i chiu di i tng bng cch sau) nhp vo khong tng. Gi tr khong tng m th lm gim kch thc gi tr khong tng dng lm tng kch thc + Enter delta length or [Angle] + Nhp khong cch tng + Select an object to change or [Undo] + Chn i tng cn thay i kch thc ( c th chn nhiu i tng kt thc nhn ENTER) Bi Vit Thi Page 25

* Nu ta g tham s Percent ( xut hin dng nhc sau) + Enter percentage length <100.000>: + Select an object to change or [Undo] * Nu ta g tham s Total ( xut hin dng nhc sau) + Specify total length or [Angle] + Select an object to change or [Undo] * Nu ta g tham s Dynamic ( xut hin dng nhc sau)

AutoCad 2004 - Thay i chiu di i tng theo phn trm so vi tng chiu di i tng c chn + Nhp t l phn trm + Chn i tng cn thay i kch thc ( c th chn nhiu i tng kt thc nhn ENTER) - Thay i ttng chiu di ca mt i tng theo gi tr mi nhp vo. + Nhp gi tr mi vo + Chn i tng cn thay i - Dng thay i ng chiu di i tng.

7. Lnh vt mp cc cnh Chamfer (CHA)

Menu bar Modify \ Chamfer Nhp lnh Chamfer hoc CHA Toolbar

Trnh t thc hin lnh Chamfer : u tin ta thuc hin vic nhp khong cch vt mp sau chn ng thng cn vt mp. Vo lnh sau ENTER Command : CHA - Select first line or [Polyline / Distance / Angle / - Chn cc tham s t ch vt mp. Trim / Method / Ultiple]: * Chn tham s D (Distance) - First chamfer distance <0.0000>: - Specify second chamfer distance <20.0000>: - Select first line or [Polyline /Distance /Angle /Trim /Method/mUltiple]: - Select second line: * Chn tham s P (Polyline) Dng nhp 2 khong cch cn vt mp. + Nhp khong cch th nht + Nhp khong cch th hai + Chn cnh th nht cn vt mp

+ Chn cnh th 2 cn vt mp Sau khi ta nhp khong cch th ta chn tham s P vt mp 4 cnh ca Polyline Cho php nhp khong cch th nht v gc * Chn tham s A (Angle) ca ng vt mphp vi ng th nht. - Chamfer length on the first line <0.0000>: + Nhp khong cch vt mp trn ng th nht - Specify chamfer angle from the first line <0>: + Nhp gi tr gc ng vt mp hp vi ng th nht - Select first line or [Polyline /Distance /Angle +Chn cnh th nht cn vt mp /Trim /Method /mUltiple]: - Select second line: + Chn cnh th 2 cn vt mp - Cho php ct b hoc khng ct b gc b * Chn tham s T (Trim) vt mp - Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim]<Trim>: + Ti y ta g T hoc N la chn ct hoc khng ct b gc b vt - Select first line or [Polyline/ Distance/ Angle/ +Chn cnh th nht cn vt mp Trim/ Method/mUltiple]: - Select second line: + Chn cnh th 2 cn vt mp Khi chn tham s ny th dng nhc chn i * Chn tham s U (mUltiple) tng s xut hin li mi khi kt thc chn cp i tng l ng thng. ( c ngha chn c nhiu ln trong trng hp cn vt mp cho nhiu i tng. Bi Vit Thi Page 26

AutoCad 2004

8. Lnh vut gc hai i tng vi bn knh cho trc Fillet (F)

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Modify \ Fillet Fillet hoc F Dng to gc ln hoc bo trn hai i tng. Trong khi thc hin lnh Fillet ta phi nhp bn knh R sau mi chn hai i tng cn Fillet Command : F - Select first object or [Polyline /Radius /Trim /mUltiple]: * Chn tham s R (Radius) - Specify fillet radius <0.0000>: - Select first object or [Polyline /Radius /Trim/ mUltiple]: - Select second object: * Chn tham s P (Polyline) Vo lnh sau ENTER - Chn cc tham s t ch vut gc. Dng nhp bn knh cn vut gc. + Nhp bn knh +Chn cnh th nht cn vut gc

+ Chn cnh th 2 cn vut gc Sau khi ta nhp bn knh th ta chn tham s P vut gc cho tt c cc gc ca Polyline - Cho php ct b hoc khng ct b gc * Chn tham s T (Trim) c vut - Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim]<No + Ti y ta g T hoc N la chn ct trim>: hoc khng ct b gc c bo trn - Select first object or [Polyline /Radius /Trim +Chn cnh th nht cn vut gc /mUltiple]: - Select second object: + Chn cnh th 2 cn vut gc Nu ta nhp mt la chn khc trn dng * Chn tham s U (mUltiple) nhc chnh trong kho ang chn tham s ny th dng nhc vi la chn c hin th sau dng nhc chnh oc hin th.

9. Lnh hiu chnh a tuyn Pedit

Menu bar Modify> Polyline Command : PEDIT - Select polyline or [Multiple] Nhp lnh Pedit Toolbars Modify 2 Vo lnh sau ENTER (Chn a tuyn cn hiu chnh) - La chn Multiple cho php ta chn nhiu i tng trn dng nhc "Select polyline:" - Nu i tng l on thng hoc cung trn khng phi l a tuyn th dng nhc sau xut hin (i tng ta chn khng phi l a tuyn)

- Objects selected is not a polyline - Do you want it turn into one?

(Bn c mun chuyn i tng chn thnh a tuyn khng?Nhn ENTER chuyn thnh a tuyn) Sau xut hin dng nhc hiu chnh a tuyn - Nu i tng chn l a tuyn th s xut hin dng nhc hiu chnh ton b a tuyn. - Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/ (Chn la chn hoc ENTER kt thc Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo] lnh) hoc chn cc tham s cn dng

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* Close (Open)

* Join

+ Select objects + Select objects + n segments added to polyline * Width + Specify new width for all segments * Fit

* Spline

* Decurve * Ltype gen

* Undo * eXit

AutoCad 2004 - ng a tuyn ang m (hoc m a tuyn ng) Nhp C ng (nhp O m) - Nhp tham s J : Ni cc on thng, cung trn hoc a tuyn khc vi a tuyn c chn thnh 1 a tuyn chung (ch ni c trong trng hp cc nh ca chng trng nhau) i tng a tuyn chung c cc tnh cht ca a tuyn c chn. + Chn cc i tng cn ni + Tip tc chn hoc nhn ENTER kt thc vic la chn + Thng bo n i tng c ni vi nhau. - nh chiu rng mi cho a tuyn, khi nhp W s xut hin dng nhc + Nhp chiu rng mi cho c a tuyn - Chuyn a tuyn thnh mt ng cong l tp hp cc cung trn, cc cung trn ny tip xc nhau v i qua cc nh ca a tuyn. - Chuyn a tuyn thnh 1 ng cong i qua im u ca a tuyn (nu ng cong h). ng cong ny khc vi cc ng cong to bi la chn Fit v khc ng spline to bi lnh Spline. Khi bin SPLINETYPE = 5 th ng cong c dng B-spline bc hai v tip xc im gia ca cc phn on, khi bin SPLINETYPE = 6 th ng cong c dng Bspline bc ba. lm xut hin cc ng khung bao ca a tuyn ta nh bin SPLFRAME l ON. Ta c th gn gi tr bin SPLINETYPE bng cch chn la chn Polyvars trn screen menu ca lnh Pedit. Khi s xut hin hp thoi Set Spline Fit Variables Bin SPLINESEGS qui nh s cc phn on ca mi on spline. Hnh 19.11 l cc ng cong B-spline bc 2 vi cc gi tr bin SPLINESEGS khc nhau. - Chuyn cc phn on l cc cung trn ca a tuyn thnh cc phn on thng - Khi dng ng khng phi l ng lin tc nu Ltype gen l ON th cc ng nt ca a tuyn khng lin quan n cc nh ca a tuyn. Khi Ltype gen l OFF th ng nt c th hin theo cc phn on. - Hu 1 la chn va thc hin - Kt thc lnh Pedit

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AutoCad 2004 VIII. Cc Lnh bin i v sao chp hnh

1. Lnh di di i tng Move (M)

Menu bar Modify\ Move Nhp lnh Move hoc M Toolbars

- Lnh Move dng thc hin php di mt hay nhiu i tng t v tr hin ti n 1 v tr bt k trn hnh v. Ta c th v mt phn ca hnh v ti v tr bt k, sau s dng lnh Move di n v tr cn thit. Command : Move - Select objects - Select objects Hoc t Modify menu chn Move - Chn cc i tng cn di - Tip tc chn cc i tng hoc ENTER kt thc vic la chn, - Specify base point or displacement Chn im chun hay nhp khong di: c th dng phm chn ca chut, dng cc phng thc truy bt im, to tuyt i, tng i, cc tng i... - Specify second point of displacement or <use - im m cc i tng di n, c th s first point as displacement> dng phm chn ca chut, dng cc phng thc truy bt im, to tuyt i, tung i, to cc tng i, direct distance, polar tracking...

Ch
(1) im Base point v Second point of displacement c th chn bt k. (2) Nu mun di i tng cn v tr chnh xc th ti Base point v Second point of displacement ta dng cc phng thc truy bt im. (3) im Base point ta chn bt k hoc truy bt im v Second point of displacement dng to tng i, cc tng i, direct distance hoc polar tracking. (4) Ti dng nhc "Base point or displacement" ta c th nhp khong di theo phng X v Y, khi ti dng nhc tip theo ta nhn phm ENTER.

2. Lnh sao chp i tng Copy (Co)

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbars Modify\ Copy Copy, hoc Co Lnh Copy dng sao chp cc i tng c chn theo phng tinh tin v sp xp chng theo cc v tr xc nh. Thc hin lnh Copy tng t lnh Move. Command : Copy - Select objects - Select objects Hoc t Modify menu chn Copy - Chn cc i tng cn sao chp - Chn tip cc i tng cn sao chp hay ENTER kt thc vic la chn. - Specify base point or displacement, or - Chn im chun bt k, kt hp vi cc [Multiple] phng thc truy bt im hoc nhp khong di. - Specify second point of displacement or <use - Chn v tr ca cc i tng sao chp, c first point as displacement> th dng phm chn kt hp vi cc phng thc truy bt im hoc nhp to tuyt i, tng i, cc tng i, direct distance, polar tracking...

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* Multiple

- Select objects - Select objects - <Base point or displacement>/Multiple: M - Chn im chun. - Base point - Specify second point of displacement or <use - Chn im sao chp n first point as displacement> - Specify second point of displacement or <use - Chn tip im sao chp n hoc ENTER first point as displacement> kt thc lnh Ch (1) C th chn Base point v Second point l cc im bt k. (2) Chn cc im Base point v Second point bng cch dng cc phng thc truy bt im. (3) Ti dng nhc " Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>" ta c th nhp to tng i, cc tng i, c th s dng Direct distance v Polar tracking. (4) Ti dng nhc "Base point or displacement" ta c th nhp khong di.

AutoCad 2004 - Trong lnh Copy c la chn Multiple, la chn ny dng sao chp nhiu bn t nhm cc i tng c chn. - Chn i tng cn sao chp - Chn tip i tng hay ENTER.

3. Lnh quay i tng xung quanh mt im Rotate (RO)

Menu bar Modify\ Rotate Nhp lnh Rotate, RO Toolbars

Lnh Rotate thc hin php quay cc i tng c chn chung quanh 1 im chun (base point) gi l tm quay. y l 1 trong nhng lnh chnh hnh quan trng. Hoc t Modify menu chn Rotate Command : Rotate - Select objects - Chn i tng cn quay - Select objects - Chn tip i tng hoc ENTER kt thc vic la chn. - Select base point - Chn tm quay - Specify rotation angle or [Reference] - Chn gc quay hoc nhp R nhp gc tham chiu Reference Nu nhp R ti dng nhc cui s lm xut hin: Specify the reference angle <0> - Gc tham chiu Specify the new angle <> - Gi tr gc mi

4. Lnh thu phng i tng theo t l Scale (SC)

Menu bar Modify\ Scale Nhp lnh Scale, SC Toolbars

Lnh Scale dng tng hoc gim kch thc cc i tng trn bn v theo 1 t l nht nh (php bin i t l) Hoc t Modify menu chn Scale Command : Scale - Select objects - Chn i tng cn thay i t l. - Select objects - Chn tip i tng hoc ENTER kt thc vic la chn. - Specify base point - Chn im chun l im ng yn khi thay i t l - Specify scale factor or [Reference] - Nhp h s t l hay nhp R Reference Nu nhp R s xut hin dng nhc: Specify reference length <1> Nhp chiu di tham chiu, c th truy bt 2 im A v B nh chiu di Specify new length <> Nhp chiu di mi hoc bt im C Bi Vit Thi Page 30

AutoCad 2004

5. Lnh i xng qua trc Mirror (MI)

Menu bar Modify\ Mirror Nhp lnh Mirror, MI Toolbars

Lnh Mirror dng to cc i tng mi i xng vi cc i tng c chn qua 1 trc, trc ny c gi l trc i xng (mirror line). Ni mt cch khc, lnh Mirror l php quay cc i tng c chn trong 1 khng gian chung quanh trc i xng mt gc 1800 Command : Mirror - Select objects - Select objects - Specify first point of mirror line - Specify second point of mirror line - Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N> Hoc t Modify menu chn Mirror - Chn cc i tng thc hin php i xng. - ENTER kt thc vic la chn. - Chn im th nht P1 ca trc i xng - Chn im th hai P2 ca trc i xng - Xo i tng c chn hay khng? Nhp N nu khng mun xo i tng chn, nhp Y nu mun xo i tng chn. Nu mun hnh i xng ca cc dng ch khng b ngc th trc khi thc hin lnh Mirror ta gn bin MIRRTEXT = 0 (gi tr mc nh MIRRTEXT = 1)

6. Lnh di v ko gin i tng Stretch (S)

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbars Modify\ Stretch Stretch, S Modify Lnh Stretch dng di v ko gin cc i tng. Khi ko gin vn duy tr s dnh ni cc i tng. Cc i tng l on thng c ko gin ra hoc co li (chiu di s di ra hoc ngn li), cc i tng l cung trn khi ko gin s thay i bn knh. ng trn khng th ko gin m ch c th di i. Khi chn cc i tng thc hin lnh Stretch ta dng phng thc chn la Crossing Window hoc Crossing polygon, nhng i tng no giao vi khung ca s s c ko gin (hoc co li), nhng i tng no nm trong khung ca s s c di i. i vi ng trn nu c tm nm trong khung ca s chn s c di i. Hoc t Modify menu chn Stretch Command : Stretch - Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing-polygon... - Select objects - Chn cc i tng ch theo phng php Crossing window - Select objects - Nhn ENTER kt thc vic la chn. - Specify base point or displacement - Chn im chun hay khong di, tng t lnh Move - Specify second point of displacement or <use - im di n, nu nhp khong di th first point as displacement> ENTER. Tu vo cc i tng c chn c cc trng hp sau: (1) Cc on thng giao vi khung ca s chn c ko gin ra hoc co li, na ng trn c di i. (2) Cung trn c ko gin v on thng ngang b ko co li. (3) on ng c di, hai on nm ngang c ko gin. ng dng lnh Stretch hiu chnh hnh nh thay i chiu rng may bnh rng bng lnh Stretch. Bi Vit Thi Page 31

AutoCad 2004

7. Lnh sao chp dy Array (AR)

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbars Modify\ Array Array hoc AR hoc -AR Modify Lnh Array dng sao chp cc i tng c chn thnh dy theo hng v ct (Rectangular array, sao chp tnh tin (copy) hay sp xp chung quanh tm (Polar array, sao chp (copy) v quay (rotate). Cc dy ny c sp xp cch u nhau. Khi thc hin lnh s xut hin hp thoi Array. Nu ta nhp lnh -Array th cc dng nhc s xut hin nh cc phin bn trc . Dng sao chp cc i tng c chn thnh dy c s hng (rows) v s ct (columns) nht nh hoc to cc dy sp xp chung quanh mt tm ca ng trn . Nu ta s dng lnh -Array s xut hin cc dng nhc: Command : -Ar - Select objects - Select objects - Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <R>: R - Enter the number of rows (---) <1>: 2 - Enter the number of columns (///) <1>: 3 - Specify the distance between columns (|||): 20 Hoc t Modify menu chn Array>Rectangular - Chn cc i tng cn sao chp - Nhn ENTER kt thc vic la chn. - Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp R sao chp cc i tng theo hng hoc ct - S cc hng - S cc ct - Nhp khong cch gia cc ct, gi tr ny c th m hoc dng. - Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] - Ti dng nhc ny ta chn P sao chp <R>: P chung quanh mt tm. - Specify center point of array or [Base]: - Chn tm cc i tng quay xung quanh - Enter the number of items in the array: 5 - Nhp s cc bn sao chp ra - Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw,-=cw)<360>: - Gc cho cc i tng sao chp ra c th m hoc dng. - Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No] <Y>: - C quay cc i tng khi sao chp khng Ch : Nu ta nhp lnh AR ti dng Command m khng c du tr ng trc th xut hin cc hp thoi sau. a. Hp thoi Rectangular Array
Ch Array theo hng hoc ct Click chn i tng

Nhp s hng Nhp s ct Khong cc gia cc hng Khong cc gia cc ct Ch nh gc quay

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AutoCad 2004 b. Hp thoi Porla Array Chn ch Array theo tm Chn tm quay Click chn i tng

S i tng cn Copy ra Gc quay c th m hoc dng

nh dy c sao chp i tng

IX. Qun l bn v theo lp, ng nt v mu Trong cc bn v AutoCad cc i tng c cng chc nng thng c nhm thnh mt lp (layer). V d lp cc ng nt chnh, lp cc ng tm, lp k hiu mt ct, lp lu cc kch thc, lp lu vn bn..... Mi lp c th gn cc tnh cht nh: Mu (color) dng ng (linetype), chiu rng nt v (Line weight). Ta c th hiu chnh trng thi ca lp nh m (on), tt (off), kh (lock) m kho (unlock), ng bng (freeze) v tan bng (thaw). Cc i tng v trn lp c th xut hin hoc khng xut hin trn mn hnh hoc trn giy v.

1. To lp mi Lnh Layer (L)

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbars Format\ Layer... Layer hoc LA Modify Khi thc hin lnh Layer s xut hin hp thoi Layer Properties Manager Khi ta to bn v mi th trn bn v ny ch c mt lp l lp 0. Cc tnh cht c gn cho lp 0 l : Mu White (trng), dng ng Continuous (lin tc), chiu rng nt v l 0,025mm ( bn v h mt) v kiu in l Normal. Lp 0 ta khng th no xo hoc i tn.

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AutoCad 2004

t lp hin hnh

To lp mi

Xo lp

Nhp tn lp

Kiu ng ng bng lp Kha mt lp Mu lp rng ng v

Tt m lp

- Gn v thay i mu cho lp : Nu click vo nt vung nh chn mu s xut hin hp thoi Select Corlor (hnh sau) v theo hp thoi ny ta c th gn mu cho lp sau nhn nt OK chp nhn.

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AutoCad 2004 - Gn dng ng cho lp : Chn lp cn thay i hoc gn dng ng. Nhn vo tn dng ng ca lp ( ct Linetype) khi s xut hin hp thoi Select Linetype (hnh sau) sau chn dng ng mong mun sau nhn nt OK.

u tin trn bn v ch c mt dng ng duy nht l CONTINUOUS s dng cc dng ng khc trong bn v ta nhn vo nt LOAD... trn hp thoi Select Linetype. Khi xut hin hp thoi Load or Reload Linetype sau ta chn cc dng ng cn dng v nhn nt OK. Sau dng ng va chn s c ti vo hp thoi Select Linetype

- Gn chiu rng nt v: Gn chiu rng nt cho tng lp theo trnh t sau. Trong hp thoi to lp ta nhn vo ct LineWeight ca lp s xut hin hp thoi LineWeight (hnh sau) . Sau ta chn rng nt cn gn cho lp cui cng nhn OK - Gn lp hin hnh: Ta chn lp v nhn nt Current. Lc ny bn phi dng Current Layer ca hp thoi Layer Properties Manager s xut hin tn lp hin hnh m ta va chn. Nu mt lp l hin hnh th cc i tng mi c to trn lp ny s c cc tnh cht ca lp ny - Thay i trng thi ca lp * Tt m (ON/OFF) ta nhn vo biu tng trng thi ON/OFF. Khi mt lp c tt th cc i tng s khng hin trn mn hnh. Cc i tng ca lp c tt vn c th c chn nu nh ti dng nhc "Select objects" ca cc lnh hiu chnh ta dng la chn All chn i tng. Bi Vit Thi Page 35

AutoCad 2004 * ng bng v lm tan bng (FREEZE/THAW) : Ta nhn vo biu tng trng thi FREEZE/THAW. Cc i tng ca lp ng bng khng xut hin trn mn hnh v ta khng th hiu chnh cc i tng ny ( Khng th chn cc i tng trn lp b ng bng k c la chn All). Trong qu trnh ti hin bn v bng lnh Regen, Zoom....cc i tng ca lp ng bng khng tnh n v gip cho qu trnh ti hin c nhanh hn. Lp hin hnh khng th ng bng. * Kho lp (LOCK/UNLOCK) ta nhn vo biu tng trng thi LOCK/UNLOCK i tng ca lp b kho s khng hiu chnh c ( khng th chn ti dng nhc "Select objects" ) tuy nhin ta vn thy trn mn hnh v c th in chng ra c. - Xo lp (DELETE) : Ta c th d dng xo lp d to ra bng cch chn lp v nhn vo nt Delete. Tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp lp c chn khng xo c m s c thng bo khng xo c nh lp 0 hoc cc lp bn v tham kho ngoi v lp cha cc i tng bn v hin hnh. - Ngoi ra ta c th thc hin cc lnh lin quan n tnh cht v trng thi ca lp bng thanh cng c Objects Properties c mc nh trong vng ho

2. Nhp cc dng ng vo trong bn v Linetype hoc Format \ Linetype

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbars Format\ LineType... Linetype Dng ng, mu v chiu rng nt v c th gn cho lp hoc cho cc i tng. Thng thng khi bt u bn v trn hp thoi ch c mt dng ng duy nht l Continuous. nhp dng ng ta s dng lnh Linetype hoc vo menu Format\ LineType... xut hin hp thoi Linetype Manager v chn nt Load nh trong khi to lp ta gn dng ng cho mt lp no .

3. nh t l cho dng ng Ltscale

Nhp lnh Toolbars Ltscale - Cc dng ng khng lin tc: HIDDEN, DASHDOT, CENTER... thng thng c cc khong trng gia cc on gch lin. Lnh Ltscale dng nh t l cho dng ng, ngha l nh chiu di khong trng v on gch lin. Nu t l ny nh th khong trng qu nh v cc ng nt c v ging nh ng lin tc. T l ny qu ln th chiu di on gch lin qu ln, nhiu lc vt qu chiu di ca i tng c v, do ta cng thy xut hin ng lin tc. Trong AutoCAD 2004 nu ta chn bn v theo h Mt th khng cn nh li t l dng ng. Command: Ltscale Nhp 1 gi tr dng bt k Enter new linetype scale factor <1.0000>: - Trn hp thoi Linetype Manager gi tr Ltscale c nh ti son tho Global Scale Factor (khi chn nt Details>) Menu bar

4. Bin CELTSCALE
- CELTSCALE dng gn t l dng ng cho i tng sp v. Bin ny lin quan ti g tr t l nh bng lnh Ltscale. V d nu on thng c v vi bin CELTSCALE = 2 vi t l gn bng lnh Ltscale l 0.5 th s xut hin trn bn v ging nh on thng to bi bin CELTSCALE = 1 trong bn v vi gi tr Ltscale = 1. Command: CELTSCALE Nhp 1 gi tr dng bt k Enter new value for CELTSCALE <1.0000>: - Nn cn phn bit rng khi thay i gi tr Ltscale s nh hng ti ton b cc i tng trn bn v. Nhng khi thay i gi tr ca bin CELTSCALE ch nh hng ti trc tip cc i tng sp v - Trn hp thoi Linetype Manager gi tr bin CELTSCALE c nh ti bi son tho Current Objects Scale (khi chn nt Details>)

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X. Hnh ct mt ct v v k hiu vt liu 1. Trnh t v mt ct

+ To hnh ct mt ct + T menu Draw chn Hatch...., hoc thc hin lnh Bhatch hoc + Trn hp thoi Boundary Hatch ta chn trang Hatch + Chn kiu mt ct trong khung Type + Chn tn mu t ti mc Pattern + Chn t l ti khung Scale v nghing ti mc Angle + Chn nt pick Point ch nh mt im nm trong vng ct ( vng ct phi kn) + Nu mun xem trc mt ct th chn Preview. + Kt thc ta nhn nt OK

2. V mt ct bng lnh Hatch (H) hoc BHatch

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbars Draw\Hatch... Hatch (H) hoc BHatch Sau khi vo lnh xut hin hp thoi Boundary Hatch. Hi thai ny c 3 trang Hacth, Advanced v Gradient a. Trang Hatch
Pick chn im trong vng mt ct

Chn mu mt ct Chn tn mu Hin th hnh nh mu

Nhp nghing T l cho mt ct

Xem trc mt ct

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AutoCad 2004 b. Trang Advanced

Chn kiu mt ct

+ Island Detection Style: Chn kiu mt ct + Object type: Nu chn Retain Boundary th dng i tng ng bin c gi li c th l Region (min) hoc Polyline (a tuyn kn) sau khi Hatch. + Island Detection Method: Nu chn ny th cc island bn trong ng bin kn s c chn khi dng Pick Poin xc nh ng bin (island l i tng nm trong ng bin ngoi cng) Flood Cc island c xem l cc i tng bin Ray Casting D tm ng bin theo im ta ch nh theo hng ngc chiu kim ng h + Boudary Set: Xc nh nhm cc i tng c chn lm ng bin khi chn mt im nm bn trong ng bin. ng bin chn khng c tc dng khi s dng Select Objects xc nh ng bin hnh ct. Theo mc nh, khi bn chn Pick Points nh ngha ng bin mt ct th AutoCAD s phn tch tt c cc i tng thy c trn khung nhn hin hnh. Khi nh boundary set bn khng quan tm nhiu n cc i tng ny. Khi nh ng bin mt ct khng cn che khut hoc di chuyn cc i tng ny. Trong cc bn v ln nh vo vic nh boudary set gip ta chn ng bin ct c nhanh hn. Current Viewport Chn boundary set t nhng i tng thy c trn khung nhn hin hnh (current viewport) Existing Set nh ngha boundary set t nhng i tng ta chn vi nt New. New Khi chn nt ny s xut hin cc dng nhc gip bn to boundary set. Cho php ta chn trc vi i tng AutoCAD c th to ng bin mt ct t cc i tng .

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AutoCad 2004 c. Trang Gradient

+ One Color: Xc nh vng t s dng s bin i trong gia bng v mu nn sng ca mt mu. Khi One Color c chn, AutoCAD hin th mu mu vi nt Browse v thanh trt Shade and Tint (bin GFCLRSTATE) + Two Color: Xc nh vng t s dng s bin i trn gia bng v mu nn sng ca hai mu. Khi Two Color c chn, AutoCAD hin th mu mu vi nt Browse cho mu 1 v mu 2 (bin GFCLRSTATE) + Color Swatch: Xc nh mu cho vng t gradient. Nhp nt Browse [...] hin th hp thoi Select Color chn Index color, true color hoc color book color. Mu mc nh l mu hin hnh trong bn v. + Shade and Tint Slider: Xc nh mu ph (mu va chn trn vi mu trng) hoc bng (mu chn trn vi mu en) ca mt mu c s dng t gradient (bin GFCLRLUM) + Centered : Xc nh cu hnh gradient i xng. Nu thnh phn ny khng c chn, vng ph gradient thay i v pha tri, to ngun sng o pha tri ca i tng (bin GFSHIFT) + Angle: Xc nh gc ca vng t gradient. Gc xc nh quan h vi UCS hin hnh. La chn ny ph thuc vo gc ca mu mt ct (bin GFANG) + Gradient Patterns :Hin th 9 mu trn vi vng t gradient fills. Cc mu ny bao gm: linear sweep (3 hng trn cng), spherical (2 ct th nht hng 2 v 3) v parabolic (cc cn li) (bin GFNAME)

3. Lnh hiu chnh mt ct HatchEdit

Menu bar Modify\Object>Hatchedit... Nhp lnh HatchEdit Toolbars

Cho php ta hiu chnh mt ct lin kt. Ta c th nhp lnh hoc nhp p chut ti i tng cn thay i sau s xut hin hp thoi Hatch Edit cho ta hiu chnh. Tng t nh hp thoi Boundary Hatch ta chn cc thng s cn thay i sau nhn nt OK hon tt cng vic.

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XI. Nhp v hiu chnh vn bn 1. Trnh t nhp v hiu chnh vn bn

nhp v hiu chnh vn bn ta tin hnh theo ba bc sau - To cc kiu ch cho bn v bng lnh Style - Nhp dng ch bng lnh Text hoc on vn bn bng lnh Mtext - Hiu chnh ni dung bng lnh Ddedit ( hoch nhp p chut) - Sau khi to cc kiu ch (text Style) ta tin hnh nhp cc dng ch. Lnh Text dng nhp cc dng ch trn bn v, lnh Mtext cho php ta nhp on vn bn trn bn v c lm trong khung hnh ch nht nh trc. Dng ch trong bn v l mt i tng nh Line, Circle... Do ta c th dng cc lnh sao chp v bin i hnh i vi dng ch . V dng ch trong bn v l mt i tng ho vy trong mt bn v c nhiu dng ch s lm chm i qu trnh th hin bn v cng nh khi in bn v ra giy.

2. To kiu ch lnh Style (ST)hoc vo menu Format \ TextStyle

Menu bar Nhp lnh Format\ Text Style... Style Sau khi vo lnh s xut hin hp thoi sau. To kiu ch Toolbars

Chn Font ch

Nhp chiu cao ch

Dng ch i xng ngang Dng ch i xng thng ng

Nhp h s chiu rng ch

Dng ch nm theo phng thng ng Nhp nghing ch

Ta c th xem kiu ch va to ti Preview. C th thay i tn v xo kiu ch bng cc nt Rename v Delete. Sau khi to mt kiu ch ta nhp nt Apply to kiu ch khc hoc mun kt thc lnh ta nhp nt Close. Kiu ch c th c ng nhiu ni khc nhau.

3. Lnh nhp dng ch vo bn v Text

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbars Draw\ Text>\Single Line Text Dtext hoc Text Lnh text cho php ta nhp cc dng ch vo trong bn v. Trong mt lnhText ta c th nhp nhiu dng ch nm cc v tr khc nhau v cc dng ch s xut hin trn mn hnh khi ta nhp t bn phm. Command: Text - Th hin kiu ch hin ti v chiu cao - Current text style: "Viet" Text height: - Chn im cn l tri dng ch hoc nhp - Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style] tham s S nhp kiu ch ta va to trn. ( sau khi nhp S ta nhp tn kiu ch ti dng + Style name (or ?): nhc ny) - Nhp chiu cao ch - Specify height <10.000> - Nhp nghing ca ch - Specify Rotation Angle of Text<0> - Nhp dng ch hoc Enter kt thc lnh - Enter Text: Bi Vit Thi Page 40

AutoCad 2004

4. Lnh TextFill t en ch hoc khng t en.

Nhp lnh Toolbars Textfill Tu vo gi tr ca bin TEXTFILL cc ch c c t hay l ch xut hin cc ng vin. Nu bin TEXTFILL l ON (1) th ch c t v ngc li Command: TextFill - Nhp gi tr mi cho bit l 0 hoc l 1 - Enter new value for TEXTFILL <1>: Menu bar

5. Lnh nhp on vn bn Mtext (MT)

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbars Draw\Text>\Multiline Text Mtext hoc MT Lnh Mtext cho php to mt on vn bn c gii hn bi ng bin l khung hnh ch nht. on vn bn l mt i tng ca AUTOCAD Command: MT - Th hin kiu ch hin ti v chiu cao - Current text style: "Viet" Text height: - im gc th nht on vn bn - Specify first corner: - im gc i din on vn bn - Specify opposite corner or....... Sau xut hin hp thoi Text Formatting. Trn hp thoi ny ta nhp vn bn nh cc phn mm vn bn khc.
Kiu ch Chn FONT ch Chn c ch Dng phn s Lu v thot

Ch m Ch nghing

Chn mu ch

Ch gch chn

Ta c th nhp dng ch trc sau bi en v thay i cc thuc tnh ca dng ch nh FONT ch v c ch, ch m, nghing, ch gch chn, mu ch.......

6. Lnh hiu chnh vn bn DDedit (ED)

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbars Modify\Object \ Text... DDedit hoc ED Lnh DDedit cho php ta thay i ni dung dng ch v cc nh ngha thuc tnh. Ta c th gi lnh hoc nhp o chut vo dng ch cn hiu chnh. Nu dng ch chn c to bi lnh Tetx s xut hin hp thoi Edit Text cho php hiu chnh ni dung dng ch sau.

Nu i tng chn c to bi lnh Mtext th s xut hin hp thoi Text Formatting sau ta thay i cc thng s cn thit v nhn nt OK. Bi Vit Thi Page 41

AutoCad 2004

XII. Ghi v hiu chnh kch thc 1. Cc thnh phn kch thc
Mt kch thc c ghi bt k bao gm cc thnh phn ch yu sau y: Dimension line (ng kch thc) : ng kch thc c gii hn hai u bi hai mi tn (gch cho hoc mt k hiu bt k). Nu l kch thc thng th n vung gc vi cc ng ging, nu l kch thc gc th n l mt cung trn c tm nh gc. Trong trng hp ghi cc kch thc phn t i xng th ng kch thc c k qu trc i xng v khng v mi tn th hai. Khi tm cung trn ngoi gii hn cn v th ng kch thc ca bn knh c v gy khc hoc ngt on v khng cn phi xc nh tm. Extension line (ng ging): Thng thng ng ging l cc ng thng vung gc vi ng kch thc. Tuy nhin, bn c th hiu chnh n thnh xin gc vi ng kch thc. ng ging c ko di qu ng kch thc 1 on bng 2 n 3 ln chiu rng ng c bn. Hai ng ging ca cng mt kch thc phi song song nhau. ng ging kch thc gc nh hnh 15.3c. Dimension text (Ch s kch thc): Ch s kch thc l ln ca i tng c ghi kch thc. Trong ch s kch thc c th ghi dung sai (tolerance), nhp tin t (prefix), hu t (suffix) ca kch thc. Chiu cao ch s kch thc trong cc bn v k thut l cc gi tr tiu chun. Thng thng, ch s kch thc nm trong, nu khng ch n s nm ngoi. n v kch thc di theo h Mt l mm, trn bn v khng cn ghi n v o. Nu dng n v di khc nh centimt hoc mt th n v o c ghi ngay sau ch s kch thc hoc trong phn ch thch bn v. Arrowheads (Mi tn, gch cho) : K hiu hai u ca ng kch thc, thng thng l mi tn, du nghing, chmhay mt khi (block) bt k do ta to nn. Trong AutoCAD 2004 c sn 20 dng mi tn. Hai mi tn c v pha trong gii hn ng kch thc. Nu khng ch chng c v pha ngoi. Cho php thay th hai mi tn i nhau bng mt chm m. Ta c th s dng lnh Block to cc u mi tn. i vi kch thc bn knh v ng knh th kch thc c 4 thnh phn: ng kch thc, mi tn (gch cho), ch s kch thc v du tm (center mark) hoc ng tm (center line). Khi ta xem ng trn hoc cung trn l cc ng ging.

2. To cc kiu kch thc DimStyle (D) hoc Ddim hoc Dimension \ Style
Menu bar Dimension\Style Nhp lnh DimStyle, Ddim hoc D Toolbar

S dng lnh ny to kiu kch thc mi, hiu chnh kch thc c sn. Trn cc hp thoi c cc hnh nh minh ho khi thay i cc bin Sau khi vo lnh xut hin hp thoi sau

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AutoCad 2004 Cc mc trong hp thoi Dimension Style Manager + Style : Danh sch cc kiu kch thc c sn trong bn v hin hnh + Lits : Chn cch lit k cc kiu kch thc + SetCurent: Gn mt kiu kch thc ang chn lm hin hnh + New...: To kiu kch thc mi lm xut hin hp thoi Create New Dimension Styel Sau ta t tn cho kiu kch thc sau chn Continue s xut hin hp thoi New Dimension Style v sau ta gn cc ch cho kiu kch thc mi ny. + Modify...: Hiu chnh kch thc sn c + Override...Hin th hp thoi Override Dimension Style trong bn c th gn chng tm thi cc bin kch thc trong kiu kch thc hin hnh. AutoCad ch gn chng khng ghi li trong danh sch Style + Compare....: Lm hin th hp thoi Compare Dimension Style trong bn c th so snh g tr cc bin gia hai kiu kch thc hoc quan st tt c gi tr cc bin ca kiu kch thc. a. To kiu kch thc mi : to kiu kch thc mi ta chn nt New khi xut hin hp thoi Create New Dimension Style

- Khung New Style Name: t tn kiu kch thc mi - Khung Start With: C s ca kin kch thc mi V d ISO-25 - Kung Use for : Chn loi kch thc cn s dng nu chn + All Dimensions : Tt c cc loi + Linear Dimensions : Kch thc thng + Angular Dimensions : Kch thc gc + Radius Dimensions : Kch thc bn knh + Diameter Dimensions : Kch thc ng knh + Ordinate Dimensions : Kch thc to im + Leader and tolerance: Ch thch, ng dn v dung sai - Sau khi t tn, la chn cc thng tin cn thit cho kiu ng kch thc ta chn Continue... b. Trang Lines and Arrows Trong trang ny c 4 khung hnh ch nht v tng ng ta s nh cc bin lin quan nh sau: - Dimension Lines : Thit lp cho ng kch thc trong + Color : Mu ng kch thc + Lineweight: nh chiu rng nt v + Extend beyond ticks: Khong cch ng kch thc nh ra khi ng dng + Baseline spacing Khong cch gia cc ng kch thc song song vi nhau. + Suppress: B ng kch thc. - Extension Lines : Thit lp ng ging + Color : Mu ng ging + Lineweight: nh chiu rng nt v ng ging + Extend beyond dim lines: Khong cch nh ra khi ng kch thc + Offset From Origin: Khong cc t gc ng ging n vt c o + Suppress: B cc ng ging. - Arrowheads : Thit lp m tn ca ng kch thc Bi Vit Thi Page 43

AutoCad 2004 + 1st : Dng m tn cho u kch thc th nht + 2nd : Dng m tn cho u kch thc th hai + Leader: Dng m tn cho u ng dn dng ch thch + Arrow size: ln ca u m tn - Center Marks : Du tm v ng tm + Type : t kiu du tm. + Size : Kch thc du tm.

c. Trang Text : Gip ta hiu chnh cc thng s cho ch s kch thc - Text Appearance : iu chnh hnh dng v kch c ca ch kch thc + Text Style: Gn kiu ch c nh ngha sn. + Text Color: Gn mu cho ch kch thc. + Text Height: Gn chiu cao cho ch kch thc. + Fraction height Scale: Gn t l gia chiu cao ch s dung sai kch thc v ch s kch thc + Draw Frame Around Text: V khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. - Text Placement: iu kin ch s kch thc + Vertical Position : iu kin ch s kch thc theo phng thng ng Centered Ch s kch thc nm gia ng kch thc Above V tr ch s kch thc nm trn ng kch thc Outside V tr ch s kch thc nm v hng ng kch thc c khong cch xa nht t im gc ng ging JIS V tr ng kch thc theo chun Nht bn + Horizontal Position : V tr ch s kch thc so vi ng kch thc v ng ging. C 5 la chn sau. Centered Ch s kch thc nm dc theo ng kch thc v gia hai ng ging. TCVN chn Centered 1st Extension Line Ch s kch thc nm lch v pha ng ging th nht Bi Vit Thi Page 44

AutoCad 2004 2nd Extension Line Ch s kch thc nm lch v pha ng ging th hai Over 1st Extension V tr ch s kch thc nm trn ng ging th nht
Line Over 2nd Extension Line

V tr ch s kch thc nm trn ng ging th hai

+ Offset From Dimension Line: Khong cch gia ch s kch thc v ng kch thc theo tiu chun khong cch ny t 1 - 2 mm. - Text Alignment : Hng ca ch s kch thc + Horizontal: Ch s kch thc s nm ngang. + Aligned With Dimension Line: Ch s kch thc lun song song vi ng kch thc. + ISO Standard: Ch s kch thc s song song vi ng kch thc khi nm trong hai ng ging v nm ngang khi nm ngoi hai ng ging.

d. Trang Fit : Kim tra v tr ch s kch thc, u m tn. ng dn v ng kch thc.

- Fit Option: Kim tra v tr ca ch s kch thc v ng kch thc nm trong hoc ngoi cc ng ging da trn khong cch gia cc ng ging. Khi chc th AutoCad t ch s kch thc v mi tn nm gia cc ng ging. Nu khng ch th v tr ca ch s kch thc v mi tn ph thuc vo cc la chn trong mc ny. + Either the text or the Arrows, which ever Fits Best: V tr ch s kch thc v m tn c sp xp nh sau. * Khi ch cho mi tn v ch s kch thc th c hai s nm trong hai ng ging * Khi ch ch cho ch s kch thc th ch s nm trong hai ng ging cn mi tn nm ngoi ng ging.
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AutoCad 2004 * Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn nm gia hai ng ging cn ch s kch thc nm ngoi ng ging. * Khi khng ch cho ch s kch thc hoc mi tn th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging. + Arrows: V tr ch s kch thc v m tn c sp xp nh sau. * Khi ch cho mi tn v ch s kch thc th c hai s nm trong hai ng ging * Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn nm gia hai ng ging cn ch s kch thc nm ngoi ng ging. * Khi khng ch cho mi tn th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging. + Text: V tr ch s kch thc v m tn c sp xp nh sau. * Khi ch cho mi tn v ch s kch thc th c hai s nm trong hai ng ging * Khi ch ch cho ch s kch thc th ch s nm trong hai ng ging cn mi tn nm ngoi ng ging. * Khi khng ch cho ch s kch thc th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging. + Both text and Arrows: Khi khng chc cho ch s khch thc v mi tn th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging. + Always keep text between Ext Lines: Ch s kch thc lun nm trong hai ng ging. + Suppress Arrows if They Don't Fit Inside Extension lines: Khng xut hin m tn nu khng ch. Vi iu kin l ch s kch thc phi nm trong hai ng ging.

- Text Placement : Gn ch s kch thc khi di chuyn chng khi v tr mc nh

+ Beside the Dimension line: Sp xp ch s bn cnh ng kch thc + Over the Dimension Line, with a leader: C mt ng dn ni gia ch s kch thc v ng kch thc. + Over the Dimension Line, Wihtout a leader: Khng c ng dn ni gia ch s kch thc v ng kch thc..

- Scale for Dimension Features : Gn t l kch thc cho ton b bn v hoc t l trong khng gian v + Use Overall Scale of: Gn t l cho ton b cc bin ca kiu kch thc. T l ny khng thay i gi tr s ca ch s kch thc. + Scale Dimension to Layout (Paper Space) : Xc nh h s t l da trn t l gia khung nh hin hnh trong khng gian v v khng gian giy. - Fine Tuning Option : Gn cc la chn FIT b xung.
+ Place Text Manually When Dimensioning : B qua tt c thit lp ca ch s kch thc theo phng nm ngang, khi ta ch nh v tr ch s kch thc theo im nh v tr ca ng kch thc ti dng nhc : "Dimension line location" + Always Draw Dim Line Between Ext Lines : Nu chn nt ny th bt buc c ng kch thc nm gia hai ng ging khi ch s kch thc nm ngoi hai ng ging.

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AutoCad 2004

e. Trang Primary Units : nh cc thng s lin quan n hnh dng v ln ca ch s kch thc . Gn dng v chnh xc ca n v di v gc ..... - Linear Dimensions : Gn dng v n v cho kch thc di. + Unit Format : Gn dng n v cho tt c cc loi kch thc tr gc. + Precision: Gn cc s thp phn c ngha + Fraction Format : Gn dng cho phn s + Decimal Separator: Gn dng du tch gia s nguyn v s thp phn. + Round off : Gn quy tc lm trn s + Prefix / Suffix : nh tin t v hu t cho ch s kch thc. - Measurement Scale : Xc nh cc la chn cho t l o bao gm + Scale Factor : Gn h s t l o chiu dai cho tt c cc dng kch thc ngoi tr kch thc gc. V d nu ta nhp 10 th Autocad hin th 1mm tng ng vi 10mm khi ghi kch thc. + Apply to Layout Dimensions Only: p dng t l ch cho cc kch thc to trn layout. - Zero Suppression : iu khin vic khng hin th cc s 0 khng ngha. + Leading: B qua cc s 0 khng c ngha ng trc ch s kch thc. V d 0.5000 th s him th .5000 + Trailing: B qua cc s 0 khng c ngha trong s cc s thp phn. d 60.55000 s hin th l 60.55 - Angular Dimensions : Gn dng hin hnh cho n v gc. + Units Format: Gn dng n v gc + Precision : Hin th v gn cc s thp c ngha cho n v gc + Zero Suppression: B qua cc s 0 khng c ngha Bi Vit Thi Page 47

AutoCad 2004

f. Trang Alternate Units: Gn cc n v lin kt, gn dng v chnh xc n v chiu di, gc, kch thc v t l ca n v o lin kt. - Display Alternate Units: Thm n v o lin kt vo ch s kch thc. - Alternate Units: Hin th v gn dng n hin hnh cho tt c loi kch thc ngoi tr kch thc gc. + Unit Format: Gn dng n v lin kt + Precision : Gn s cc s thp phn c ngha + Multiplier for Alternate Units: Ch nh h s chuyn i gia n v kch thc chnh v kch thc lin kt + Round Distances To: Gn quy tc lm trn cho n v lin kt vi tt c cc loi kch thc. + Prefix / Suffix; Gn tin t, hu t ca kch thc lin kt. - Zero Suppression: Kim tra b qua cc s 0 khng c ngha. - Placement: nh v tr t cc kch thc lin kt. + After Primary Units : t ch s lin kt sau ch s kch thc + Befor Primary Units : t ch s lin kt di ch s kch thc

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g. Trang Tolerance: iu khin s hin th v hnh dng ca cc ch s dung sai. - Tolerance Format : iu khin hnh dng ca ch s dung sai. Khng thm vo sau ch s kch thc sai lch gii hn gi tr + None dung sai + Symmetrical Du xut hin trc cc gi tr sai lch gii hn. Khi sai lch gii hn trn v di c gi tr tuyt i ging nhau. Ta ch cn nhp gi tr vo Upper value Sai lch m v dng c gi tr khc nhau. Ta nhp gi tr sai + Deviation lch dng vo Upper Value v sai lch m vo Lower Value. Khi nhp du tr vo trc gi tr ti Lower Value th sai lch di s c gi tr dng, tng t nhp du tr vo Upper Value th sai lch trn c gi tr m + Limits To nn cc kch thc gii hn, khi AutoCAD s hin th gi tr kch thc gii hn ln nht v nh nht. Gi tr ln nht bng kch thc danh ngha cng vi sai lch trn, gi tr nh nht bng kch thc danh ngha cng (tr) vi sai lch di To mt khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. Khong + Basic cch t ch s kch thc n cc cnh ca khung ch nht bng gi tr bin DIMGAP. - Precision: Hin th v gn s cc s thp phn c ngha - Upper Value: Hin th v gn gii hn sai lch trn. - Lower Value: Hin th v gn gii hn sai lch di. - Scaling for Height: T s gia chiu cao ch s kch thc v ch s dung sai kch thc - Vertical Position: iu khin im canh l ca cc gi tr dung sai i vi kch thc dung sai. Bi Vit Thi Page 49

AutoCad 2004 - Zero Suppression: iu khin s hin th cc s 0 khng c ngha i vi cc n v dung sai lin kt.. - Alternate Unit Tolerance: Gn chnh xc v quy tc b s 0 khng c ngha i vi cc n v dung sai lin kt. + Precision : Hin th v gn chnh xc + Zero Suppression: iu khin s hin th cc s 0 khng c ngha

3. Cc lnh ghi kch thc thng a. Lnh DimLinear (DLI) ghi kch thc ngang thng ng
Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Dimension\Linear Dimlinear, Dimlin hoc DLI Ghi kch thc thng nm ngang (Horizontal) hoc thng ng (Vertical) v nghing (Rotated). Khi ghi kch thc thng ta c th chn hai im gc ng ging hoc chn i tng cn ghi kch thc. a1. Chn hai im gc ca hai ng ging Command : DLI - Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: - Specify second extension line origin: - Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]: Dimension text = 120 Hoc Dimlinear - im gc ng ging th nht - im gc ng ging th hai - Chn 1 im nh v tr ng kch thc hoc nhp to tng i

Commamd: Khong cch gia ng kch thc (Dimension line) v i tng cn ghi kch thc nm trong khong 6-10mm. Bi Vit Thi Page 50

AutoCad 2004 a2. Phng php chn i tng o kch thc. Ti dng nhc u tin ca lnh Dimlinear (hoc Dimalign) ta nhn phm ENTER: Hoc Dimlinear Command : DLI - Specify first extension line origin or <select - Ti dng nhc ny ta nhn ENTER object>: - Chn i tng cn ghi kch thc. - Select object to dimension: - Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Chn 1 im nh v tr ng kch thc Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]: Tu thuc vo hng ko (hng ca si dy thun ko) ti dng nhc Specify dimension line location or ta ghi cc kch thc thng khc nhau. Nu ko ngang th ta ghi kch thc thng ng hoc ko ln hoc xung ta ghi kch thc ngang.

Cc la chn khc
Rotated La chn ny ghi kch thc c ng kch thc nghing vi ng chun mt gc no . Hoc Dimlinear Command : DLI - Specify first extension line origin or <select - Bt im P1 object>: - Specify second extension line origin: - Bt im P2 - Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Ti dng nhc ny ta chn tham s R Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]:R - Nhp gc nghing v d l 600 - Specify angle of dimension line <0>: 60 - Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Chn 1 im nh v tr ng kch thc Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]: Text Dng nhp ch s kch thc hoc cc k t trc (prefix) v sau (suffix) ch s kch thc: - Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp tham s T Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]: T - Nhp gi tr hoc ENTER chn mc nh - Dimension text <>: Mtext Khi nhp M vo dng nhc Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ Text/ Angle/ Horizontal/ Vertaical/ Rotated]: s xut hin hp thoi Text Formatting (tng t hp thoi khi s dng lnh Mtext). Trn hp thoi ny ta nhp ch s kch thc, tin t (prefix), hu t (suffix) nhp cc k hiu, v d: , 0, ta nhp theo bng sau: K hiu Cch nhp Hin th %%o %%o36,63 36.63 c gch trn u %%u %%u36,63 36.63 %%d 36,36%%d 36,360 %%p %%p36,36 36,36 %%c %%c36,36 36,36 %%% 36,36%%% 36,36% Angle nh gc nghing cho dng ch s kch thc so vi phng ngang - Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp tham s A Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]:A - Nhp gi tr gc nghing ch s kch thc - Specify angle of dimension text:

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AutoCad 2004 Horizontal Ghi kch thc nm ngang, khi chn H xut hin dng nhc: - Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Chn v tr ng kch thc hoc s dng Text/Angle]: cc la chn - Dimension text = Vertical Ghi kch thc thng ng, nhp V xut hin cc dng nhc tng t la chn Horizontal.

b. Lnh DimAligned (DAL) ghi kch thc theo ng nghing.

Menu bar Dimension\Aligned Nhp lnh Dimaligned, Dimali hoc DAL Toolbar

ng kch thc ghi bng lnh Dimaligned s song song vi on thng ni 2 im gc ng ging. b1. Ghi kch thc thng Hoc Dimaligned Command : DAL - Specify first extension line origin or <select - im gc ng ging th nht object>: - Specify second extension line origin: - im gc ng ging th hai - Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Chn 1 im nh v tr ng kch thc Text/Angle]: hoc nhp to tng i nh khong cch b2. Ghi kch thc cung v ng trn ghi kch thc ng knh ng trn, ta thc hin nh sau: Hoc Dimaligned Command : DAL - Specify first extension line origin or <select - Ti dng nhc ny ta chn ENTER object>: - Chn ng trn, im chn nh v tr 2 - Select object to dimension: - Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ ng ging. Text/Angle]: T - Nhp ch s kch thc, %%C - Dimension text < >: - Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Chn im nh v tr ng kch thc. Text/Angle]: Sau khi ghi kch thc khng c k hiu , nhp k hiu ny ta s dng lnh Dimedit, la chn New. La chn Mtext v Angle ca lnh Dimaligned tng t lnh Dimlinear.

c. Lnh DimBaseline (DBA) ghi kch thc // vi 1 kch thc c sn.

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Dimension\Baseline Dimbaseline, Dimbase hoc DBA Khi ghi chui kch thc song song bng lnh Dimbaseline kch thc s ghi (kch thc thng, gc, to ) c cng ng ging th nht vi kch thc va ghi trc hoc kch thc sn c trn bn v (gi l ng chun kch thc hoc chun thit k). Cc ng kch thc cch nhau mt khong c nh bi bin DIMDLI (theo TCVN ln hn 7mm) hoc nhp gi tr vo Baseline Spacing trn trang Lines and Arrows ca hp thoi New Dimension Styles hoc Override Current Style.

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AutoCad 2004 c1. Kch thc cng chun vi kch thc va ghi: Nu ta ghi chui kch thc song song vi kch thc va ghi (kch thc P1P2) th tin hnh nh sau: Hoc Dimbaseline Command : DBA - Specify a second extension line origin or - Gc ng ging th hai P3 [Undo/Select] <Select>: Dimension text = 70 - Specify a second extension line origin or - Gc ng ging th hai P4 [Undo/Select] <Select>: - Specify a second extension line origin or - Tip tc chn gc ng ging th hai P5 [Undo/Select] <Select>: - Specify a second extension line origin or - Tip tc chn gc ng ging th hai P6 [Undo/Select] <Select>: - Specify a second extension line origin or - Nhp phm ESC hoc ENTER hai ln [Undo/Select] <Select>: c2. Chn ng chun kch thc: Nu mun chui kch thc song song vi mt kch thc c (khng phi l kch thc va ghi) th ti dng nhc u tin ta nhp ENTER. Khi , dng nhc sau y s xut hin: Hoc Dimbaseline Command : DBA Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <Select>: - Chn ng ging chun lm ng ging Select base dimension: Specify a second extension line origin or th nht [Undo/Select] <Select>: - Gc ng ging th hai P3 Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <Select>: - Gc ng ging th hai P4

d. Lnh DimContinue (DCO) ghi chui kch thc ni tip vi mt kch thc c sn.
Menu bar Dimension\Continue Nhp lnh Dimcontinue, Dimcont hoc DCO Toolbar

S dng lnh Dimcontinue ghi chui kch thc ni tip. d1. Ni tip kch thc va ghi : ng ging th nht ca kch thc s ghi (kch thc thng, gc, to ) l ng ging th hai ca kch thc va ghi trc . Hoc Dimcontinue Command : DCO Specify a second extension line origin or Gc ng ging th hai P3 [Undo/Select] <Select>: Specify a second extension line origin or Gc ng ging th hai P4 [Undo/Select] <Select>: Specify a second extension line origin or Gc ng ging th hai P5 [Undo/Select] <Select>: Specify a second extension line origin or Gc ng ging th hai P6 [Undo/Select] <Select>: Specify a second extension line origin or Nhn phm ESC kt thc lnh [Undo/Select] <Select>: Mun kt thc lnh ta s dng phm ESC hoc ENTER hai ln. d2. Ni tip vi kch thc bt k : Nu mun ghi kch thc ni tip vi mt kch thc hin c trn bn v (khng phi l kch thc va ghi) ti dng nhc u tin, ta nhp S hoc ENTER. Khi dng nhc sau s xut hin: Select continued dimension: Chn ng ging ca kch thc ghi lm ng ging th nht Cc dng nhc tip theo xut hin nh phn trn. Bi Vit Thi Page 53

AutoCad 2004 d3. Ghi chui kch thc gc ni tip Ta thc hin nh sau: Command : DAN - Select arc, circle, line or <specify vertex>: - Specify angle vertex: - Specify first angle endpoint: - Specify second angle endpoint: - Specify dimension arc line location or [Mtext /Text/Angle]: Command : DCO Specify a second extension [Undo/Select] <Select>: Specify a second extension [Undo/Select] <Select>: Specify a second extension [Undo/Select] <Select>: Specify a second extension [Undo/Select] <Select>: Specify a second extension [Undo/Select] <Select>: Specify a second extension [Undo/Select] <Select>: Specify a second extension [Undo/Select] <Select>: Hoc Dimangular Chn nh gc, v d tm vng trn ln Xc nh im cui cnh th nht Xc nh im cui cnh th hai Chn v tr ng cung kch thc

Hoc Dimcontinue line origin or Chn cnh tip ti im P3 line origin or Chn cnh tip ti im P4 line origin or Chn cnh tip ti im P5 line origin or Chn cnh tip ti im P6 line origin or Chn cnh tip ti im P7 line origin or Chn cnh tip ti im P8 line origin or Nhn phm ESC kt thc lnh

4. Cc lnh ghi kch thc hng tm

ghi kch thc ng knh ng trn (circle) hoc cung trn (arc) c gc tm ln hn 1800 dng lnh Dimdiameter, ghi kch thc bn knh cung trn c gc tm nh hn 1800 ta s dng lnh Dimradius.

a. Lnh DimDiameter (DDI) ghi kch thc ng knh.

Menu bar Nhp lnh Dimension\Diameter Dimdiameter, Dimdia hoc DDI Lnh Dimdiameter dng ghi kch thc ng knh. Toolbar

Hoc Dimdiameter Command : DDI Select arc or circle: Chn ng trn ti 1 im bt k. Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ V tr ca ng kch thc. Text/Angle]: Khi ghi kch thc l hoc ng trn c ng knh nh th mi tn v ch s kch thc nm ngoi ng trn. du tm (Center mark) v ng tm (Center line) khng xut hin th trc khi ghi kch thc bn knh v ng knh ta nh bin DIMCEN = 0 hoc chn loi (Type) ca Center Marks for Circles trn hp thoi New (Modify) Dimension Styles l None. La chn Mtext, Text v Angle trong lnh Dimdiameter tng t nh cc la chn trong lnh Dimlinear.

b. Lnh DimRadius (DRA) ghi kch thc bn knh.

Menu bar Dimension\Radius Bi Vit Thi Nhp lnh Dimradius, Dimrad hoc DRA Page 54 Toolbar

Lnh Dimradius dng ghi kch thc bn knh.

AutoCad 2004 Hoc Dimradius Command : DRA Select arc or circle: Chn cung trn ti 1 im bt k. Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ V tr ca ng kch thc. Text/Angle]: Khi ghi kch thc cung trn c bn knh nh th mi tn v ch s kch thc nm ngoi ng trn. La chn Mtext, Text v Angle trong lnh Dimradius tng t nh cc la chn trong lnh Dimlinear.

c. Lnh DimCenter (DCE) v ng tm hoc du tm.

Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbar Dimension\Center mark Dimcenter hoc DCE Lnh Dimcenter v du tm (Center mark) v ng tm (Center line) ca ng trn hoc cung trn. Hoc Dimcenter Command : DCE Select arc or circle: Chn cung hoc ng trn. Tu thuc vo bin DIMCEN khi s dng lnh Dimcenter s xut hin ng tm v du tm hoc ch l du tm. Sau khi v ng tm ta phi thay i lp cho cc i tng va v sang lp ng tm th dng ng tm mi xut hin.

5. Cc lnh ghi kch thc khc

a. Lnh DimAngular (DAN) ghi kch thc gc. Menu bar Nhp lnh Dimension\Angular Dimangular, Dimang hoc DAN Lnh Dimangular dng ghi kch thc gc. a1. Ghi kch thc gc gia hai on thng Ghi kch thc gc gia hai on thng P1P2 v P1P3. Hoc Dimangular Command : DAN Select arc, circle, line or <specify vertex>: Chn on thng th nht P1P2 Select second line: Chn on thng th hai P1P3 Specify dimension arc line location or V tr ng kch thc [Mtext/Text/Angle]: a2. Ghi kch thc gc qua 3 im Ghi kch thc gc qua 3 im P1, P2 v P3. Command : DAN Select arc, circle, line or <specify vertex>: Angle Vertex: First angle endpoint: Second angle endpoint: Specify dimension arc line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Toolbar

Hoc Dimangular Chn im nh ca gc Xc nh im cui cnh th nht Xc nh im cui cnh th hai Chn v tr ng kch thc

a3. Ghi kch thc gc tm ca cung trn Ghi kch thc gc tm ca cung trn. Hoc Dimangular Command : DAN Select arc, circle, line or <specify vertex>: - Chn cung trn Specify dimension arc line location or - Chn v tr ng cung kch thc, tu vo [Mtext/Text/Angle]: im chn ta c cc kch thc khc nhau. La chn Mtext, Text v Angle trong lnh Dimangular tng t nh cc la chn trong lnh Dimlinear. Bi Vit Thi Page 55

AutoCad 2004 b. Lnh Leader (LED) ghi kch thc theo ng dn Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbars Dimension\Leader Leader hoc LED Lnh Leader ghi ch thch cho ng dn, nh s v tr trong bn v lp Leader l mt i tng bao gm u mi tn gn vi cc phn on l ng thng hoc ng spline. Ngoi ra, c mt on thng nh ngang nm di dng ch m t. Nu kch thc l lin kt (bin DIMASSOC = ON) th im bt u ca leader s lin kt vi mt v tr ca i tng. Nu i tng hnh hc thay i v tr th mi tn ca leader s lin kt vi i tng v cc ng dn s ko gin ra, cc dng ch thch vn nm trn v tr c. Command : Leader Specify leader start point: Specify next point: Specify next point: Specify next point or [Annotation/Format/ Undo] <Annotation>: Enter first line of annotation text or <options>: Enter next line of annotation text:

im dn u tin P1 im dn k tip P2 im dn k tip P3 hoc ENTER Nhp dng ch hoc ENTER Nhp dng ch vo hoc ENTER

Tip tc nhp dng ch vo hoc ENTER kt thc lnh. Lc ny xut hin hp thoi Edit Mtext cho php ta nhp ch s kch thc vo. Ti dng nhc Specify leader start point ta s dng phng thc bt im NEArest. Nu ti dng nhc Annotation ta nhn phm ENTER th cc dng nhc sau s xut hin: Command : Leader Specify leader start point: im dn u tin P1 Specify next point: im dn k tip P2 Specify next point: im dn k tip hoc ENTER Specify next point or [Annotation/Format/ Undo] <Annotation>: Enter first line of annotation text or Nhp ENTER hoc nhp dng ch <options>: Enter an annotation option [Tolerance/Copy/ Nhp ENTER hoc s dng cc la chn Block/None/Mtext] <Mtext>: Cc la chn Format La chn ny xut hin dng nhc: Enter leader format option [Spline/STraight/Arrow/None]<Exit>: Spline/STraight ng dn c th l ng cong (Spline) hoc ng thng (STraight) Arrow/None u ng dn xut hin mi tn (Arrow) hoc khng c mi tn (None) Annotation :La chn ny cho php nhp dng ch s kch thc hoc dng ch vo. Mtext: Lm xut hin hp thoi Text Formatting cho php ta nhp vn bn vo. Tolerance: Cho php ghi dung sai hnh dng v v tr bng hp thoi Geometric Tolerance (tham kho thm lnh Tolerance)

Copy
Sao chp mt i tng l dng ch (nhp bng lnh Text, Dtext hoc Mtext) vo u ng dn. Dng ch ny s lin kt vi kch thc ghi. Khi nhp C s xut hin: Select an object to copy: Chn dng ch cn sao chp. Block: Chn mt block vo u ng dn. Khi nhp B: Enter block name or [?]: None: Khng c ch thch ti u ng dn. Undo :Hu b mt nh va chn trong lnh Leader. Bi Vit Thi Page 56

AutoCad 2004

6. Lnh hiu chnh kch thc

a. Lnh Dimtedit thay i v tr v phng ca ch s kch thc. Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbars Dimension\Align Text Dimtedit hoc Dimted Dimension Lnh Dimtedit cho php ta thay i v tr v phng ca ch s kch thc ca mt kch thc lin kt. Command : Dimtedit Select Dimension: - Chn kch thc cn hiu chnh Specify new location for dimension text or - Di ch s kch thc n v tr cn thit [Left/Right/Center/Home/Angle]: hoc chn L, R, C, H, A Ti dng nhc Specify new location for dimension text or [Left /Right /Center/ Home/ Angle]: ta di v tr ch s kch thc n v tr cn thit (lc ng kch thc v ng ging thay i theo) hoc chn mt trong cc la chn. Cc la chn Left : Kch thc c di sang tri. Right : Kch thc c di sang phi. Home: Kch thc v tr ban u khi ghi kch thc Center : t v tr ch s kch thc nm gia ng kch thc. Angle: Quay ch s kch thc, ti dng nhc cui cng khi nhp A: Enter text angle: Nhp gc quay cho ch s kch thc. b. Lnh DimEdit (DED) hiu chnh v tr, gi tr, gc quay ch s kch thc. Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbars Dimension\Oblique Dimedit, Dimed hoc DED Dimension Lnh Dimedit dng thay i ch s kch thc ca kch thc ang hin th trn mn hnh v nghing ca ng ging. Hoc Dimedit Command : DED Enter type of dimension editing [Home/New/ Rotate/Oblique] <Home>: Cc la chn Home: a ch s kch thc tr v v tr ban u khi ghi kch thc. Khi nhp H, xut hin dng nhc: Select object: Chn kch thc cn hiu chnh New Thay i ch s kch thc cho kch thc ghi. Khi nhp N ti dng nhc cui cng s xut hin hp thoi Multiline Edit Mtext v ta nhp ch s kch thc mi vo. Dng nhc sau s xut hin: Select object: Chn kch thc cn thay i ch s kch thc. hiu chnh gi tr ch s kch thc ta c th s dng lnh Ddedit. Rotate Tng t la chn Angle ca lnh imEdit OBLique To cc ng gc xin (gc nghing ng ging vi ng kch thc). S dng la chn Oblique ghi kch thc hnh chiu trc o trong bn v 2D. Khi nhp O s xut hin dng nhc: Select objects: Chn kch thc cn hiu chnh Select objects: Chn tip kch thc cn hiu chnh hoc ENTER kt thc vic la chn Enter oblique angle (press ENTER for none): Gi tr gc nghing so vi ng chun.

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AutoCad 2004

XIII. To khi v ghi khi. 1. Lnh to khi Block

Sau khi s dng cc phng php to mt hnh hnh hc, ta s dng lnh Block hoc nhm chng li thnh mt i tng duy nht gi l block. Block l tham kho bn trong bn v, Bn c th s dng cc phng php sau to block: - Kt hp cc i tng to nh ngha block trong bn v hin hnh ca bn. - To file bn v v sau chn chng nh l mt block trong bn v khc. - To file bn v vi vi nh ngha block lin quan nhau phc v nh mt th vin block. Mt block c th bao gm cc i tng c v trn nhiu lp khc nhau vi cc tnh cht mu, dng ng v t l ng ging nhau. Mc d mt block lun lun c chn trn lp hin hnh, mt tham kho block vn gi thng tin v cc tnh cht lp, mu v dng ng ban u ca i tng m nhng tnh cht ny c trong block. Bn c th kim tra cc i tng c gi cc tnh cht ban u hoc tha hng cc tnh cht t cc thit lp lp hin hnh hay khng. a. Lnh Block Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbars Draw>Block>Make Block Khi thc hin lnh Block s xut hin hp thoi Block Denifition. lm xut hin cc dng nhc nh cc phin bn trc ta thc hin lnh Block. Command : Block Khi xut hin hp thoi Block Denifition. Hoc t Draw menu chn Block>Make

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AutoCad 2004 Cc la chn hp thoi Block Denifition Block name: Nhp tn block vo son tho Name, v d GHE. Tn block ti a 255 k t c th l: ch ci, ch s, khong trng hoc k t bt k m Microsoft Window v AutoCAD s dng cho cc mc ch khc nu bin h thng EXTNAMES = 1. Nu bin EXTNAMES = 0 th tn block ti a 31 k t. Tn block v cc nh ngha c lu trong bn v hin hnh. Khng c s dng cc tn sau y lm tn block: DIRECT, LIGHT, AVE_RENDER, RM_SDB, SH_SPOT v OVERHEAD. Mun xem danh sch block trong bn v ta chn nt Base point Ch nh im chun chn block, mc nh l 0,0,0. X Ch nh honh X Y Ch nh tung Y Z Ch nh cao Z Pick Point Nu chn nt ny th tm thi hp thoi Block Denifition s ng li v xut hin dng nhc Specify insertion base point: v bn chn im chun chn trc tip trn bn v. Objects: Ch nh i tng c trong block mi v cho php ta gi li, chuyn i cc i tng chn thnh block hoc xo cc i tng ny khi bn v sau khi to block. Retain Gi li cc i tng chn nh l cc i tng ring bit sau khi to block. Convert to Block Chuyn cc i tng chn thnh block ngay sau khi to block (tng t chn ngay block va to ti v tr c) Delete Xo cc i tng chn sau khi to block. Select Objects Tm thi ng hp thoi Block Denifition trong lc bn chn cc i tng to block. Khi kt thc la chn cc i tng trn bn v, bn ch cn ENTER th hp thoi Block Denifition s xut hin tr li. Quick Select Hin th hp thoi Quick Select cho php bn chn nhm cc i tng theo lp, mu, ng nt (tng t lnh Qselect) Objects Selected Hin th s cc i tng c chn to thnh block. Preview Icon: Xc nh vic c lu hay khng preview icon (Biu tng xem trc) vi nh ngha block v ch nh ngun (source) ca icon. Do Not Include an Icon Preview icon s khng c to. Create Icon from Block Geometry To preview icon c lu vi nh ngha block t hnh dng hnh hc ca cc i tng trong block. Preview Image Hin th hnh nh ca preview icon m bn ch nh. Insert Units: Ch nh n v ca block trong trng hp block c s thay i t l khi ko t AutoCAD DesignCenter vo bn v. Description: nh cc dng text m t lin kt vi cc nh ngha block.

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AutoCad 2004 b. Trnh t to block bng hp thoi Block Denifition to block ta thc hin theo trnh t sau: - Thc hin lnh Block (hoc t Draw menu chn Block>Make..), hp thoi Block Denifition xut hin. - Nhp tn block vo son tho Name, v d GHE. - Chn nt Select Objects< s tm thi ng hp thoi tr v vng ho bn v v s dng cc phng php chn khc nhau chn cc i tng ca block. Sau khi chn xong cc i tng, nhp ENTER s xut hin li hp thoi Block Denifition. Cn ch rng khi chn cc i tng th s cc i tng chn s xut hin di khung Objects. - Nhp im chun chn (Insertion base point) ti cc X, Y, Z hoc chn nt Pick Point< chn mt im chn trn vng ho. - Nhn nt OK kt thc lnh. Nu ta chn nt Delete trn vng Objects th khi cc i tng to block s b xo i, mun phc hi cc i tng ny ta thc hin lnh Oops. Mun gi li cc i tng to block ta chn nt Retain. Mun chuyn cc i tng c chn thnh block ngay sau khi to block, ta chn nt Convert to Block. Ch - Ta c th thay i gc quay v im chn ca block bng lnh Change. - truy bt im chn block (Insertion point) ta s dng phng thc bt im INSert. - Cc block c th xp lng nhau (nested block) trong block BAN cha block GHE, trong bn v OFFICE.DWG ta chn block BAN vo. c. To block bng lnh Block Nu thc hin lnh Block th ta c th to block theo cc dng nhc lnh tng t cc phin bn trc . Command : -Block Enter block name or [?]: Specify insertion base point: Select objects: Select objects:

Nhp tn block Chn im chun chn Chn cc i tng to block Tip tc chn cc i tng hoc ENTER kt thc lnh

Cc la chn lnh Block Block Name Tn block ti a 255 k t. Nu ta nhp trng tn vi block c trong bn v s xut hin dng nhc sau: Block NAME already exists. Redefine it? [Yes/No] <N>: Nhp Y nh ngha li block, nhp N nhp tn khc hoc ENTER chn mc nh. ? Nu ti dng nhc Enter block name [?] ta nhp ? s xut hin dng nhc tip theo: Enter block(s) to list <*>: Nhp ENTER lit k cc block c trong bn v. Trn danh sch bao gm: cc block nh ngha trong bn v, xref v cc block ph thuc ngoi v s cc block khng c tn trong bn v.

2. Lnh chn Block vo bn v Insert

Sau khi to block th ta c th chn n vo bn v hin hnh ti v tr bt k. Ngoi ra ta cn c th chn bn v bt k vo bn v hin hnh. Ta c th chn mt block hoc file bn v (lnh Insert, -Insert), chn nhiu block sp xp theo dy (lnh Minsert) hoc chn block ti cc im chia (lnh Divide, Measure). Ngoi ra ta c th chn cc block t file bn v ny sang bn v khc bng AutoCAD Design Center.

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AutoCad 2004 a. Chn block vo bn v (lnh Insert) Menu bar Nhp lnh Insert>Block Insert Toolbars Draw

S dng lnh Insert chn block hoc file bn v vo trong bn v hin hnh. Command : Insert Xut hin hp thoi Insert. Cc la chn hp thoi Insert Name Ch nh tn ca block hoc file bn v cn chn vo bn v hin hnh. Block m bn chn trong ln ny s l block mc nh cho cc ln chn bng lnh Insert sau . Bin h thng INSNAME lu tr tn ca block mc nh. Browse Lm xut hin hp thoi Select Drawing File (tng t khi thc hin lnh Open), trn hp thoi ny bn c th chn block hoc file bn v cn chn. Path Ch nh ng dn ca file bn v chn. Insertion point Ch nh im chn ca block. Specify On-Screen Khi chn nt ny v chn OK th hp thoi Insert tm thi ng li v ta nh im chn trn bn v theo dng nhc: Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: X, Y, Z Nhp honh , tung v cao im chn. Scale Ch nh t l cho block hoc bn v c chn. Nu nhp gi tr t l X, Y v Z m th cc block hoc file bn v c chn s i xng qua trc. Specify On-Screen Ch nh t l chn bng cc dng nhc Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: Chn cc la chn Cc la chn X, Y, Z T l chn theo phng X, Y, Z Scale T l chn theo cc phng X, Y v Z ging nhau. PScale La chn ny cho php xem trc hnh nh block trn mn hnh trc khi chn. Khi nhp PS xut hin cc dng nhc sau: Specify preview scale factor for XYZ axes: Nhp t l xem trc Specify insertion point: Chn im chn Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ]<1>: Nhp t l theo phng X PX, PY, PZ La chn ny cho php xem trc hnh nh block trn mn hnh trc khi chn. Uniform Scale T l chn X, Y, Z ging nhau, khi ch nhp mt gi tr t l X. Rotation Ch nh gc quay cho block c chn Bi Vit Thi Page 61 Hoc t Insert menu chn Block

AutoCad 2004 Angle Specify On-Screen Nhp gi tr gc quay trc tip vo hp thoi Insert Ch nh gc quay bng cc dng nhc

Explode Ph v cc i tng ca block sau khi chn. Khi ta ch cn nhp t l X (v X, Y v Z bng nhau). Cc i tng thnh phn ca block v trn lp 0 th s nm trn lp ny. Cc i tng c gn BYBLOCK s c mu trng. i tng c dng ng gn l BYBLOCK th s c dng ng CONTINUOUS. b. Trnh t chn block hoc file vo bn v hin hnh chn block v file bn v, ta thc hin theo trnh t sau: - Thc hin lnh Insert (hoc t Insert menu chn Block) s xut hin hp thoi Insert. - Nhp tn block hoc tn file (vi ng dn) ti son tho Name. - Nu khng nh tn block hoc file, ta c th chn t danh sch hoc chn nt Browse lm xut hin cc hp thoi Select Drawing File cho php ta chn file chn. - Nu chn nt Specify on Screen v nt OK th ta ln lt nhp: Insertion point (im chn), X, Y-Scale (t l chn theo phng thc X, Y), Rotation angle (gc quay block) trn dng nhc lnh (tng t lnh -Insert) - Nu mun block c ph v sau khi chn, ta chn nt Explode trn hp thoi Insert. Block c th chn v tr bt k, vi t l theo phng X, Y khc nhau v quay chung quanh im chn 1 gc tu . c. Chn block vi t l chn m T l chn c th m. Nu t l X m th block c chn i xng qua trc song song vi trc Y v i qua im chn (tng t thc hin lnh Mirror qua trc song song trc Y). Nu Y m th block c chn i xng qua trc song song vi trc X v i qua im chn (tng t thc hin lnh Mirror qua trc song song trc X) d. Mu v dng ng ca block Mu v dng ng ca block khi chn c xc nh khi to block: (1) Nu block c to trn lp 0 (lp 0 l lp hin hnh khi to block) th khi chn block c mu v dng ng ca lp hin hnh. (2) Nu block c to vi mu v dng ng l BYLAYER trong mt lp c tn ring (khng phi lp 0) th khi chn block vn gi nguyn mu v dng ng theo lp (BYLAYER) i tng to block. (3) Nu block c to vi mu v dng ng c gn BYBLOCK, th khi chn s c mu v dng ng ang gn cho cc i tng ca bn v hin hnh hoc theo mu v dng ng ca lp hin hnh. (4) Nu i tng to block c mu v dng ng c gn ring (khng phi theo BYLAYER hoc BYBLOCK) th block s gi mu v dng ng ring ca n. e. Lnh Insert Khi thc hin lnh Insert s xut hin cc dng nhc cho php ta chn block hoc file bn v vo bn v hin hnh nh cc phin bn trc . Command : - Insert Enter block name or [?]: GHE Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/ Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: Specify rotation angle <0>: Bi Vit Thi

Nhp tn block nh im chn block Nhp h s t l theo phng X Nhp h s t l theo phng Y Nhp gc quay

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AutoCad 2004 Nu to dng nhc Enter block name <> ta nhp ? s lit k danh sch cc block c trong bn v. Nu to dng nhc Enter block name <> ta nhp du ng (~) th s hin th hp thoi Select Drawing File. Bn c th kim tra s chn block vo trong bn v ti dng nhc Enter block name <> nh sau: - Chn block c ph v Nu nhp du hoa th (*) trc tn block th khi chn, block b ph v thnh cc i tng n. - Cp nht ng dn cho block Nu bn nhp tn block cn chn m khng nhp ng dn (path) th AutoCAD u tin s tm kim trong d liu bn v hin hnh c tn block hoc file bn v bn va nhp khng. Nu khng tm c th AutoCAD s tm tn file trong cc ng dn hin c. Nu AutoCAD tm c file ny th s s dng file ny nh mt block trong sut qu trnh chn. Sau file bn v va chn th chng tr thnh block ca bn v hin hnh. Bn c th thay th nh ngha block hin ti bng file bn v khc bng cch nhp ti dng nhc Enter Block Name: Block name (tn block c s dng) = file name (tn file bn v) Khi cc block chn s c cp nht bng block hoc file mi. - Cp nht nh ngha Block Definition Nu bn mun thay i cc block chn bng mt file bn v hoc block khc th ti dng nhc Enter Block Name: nhp tn block hoc tn file bn v. Block name = Khi xut hin cc dng nhc tip theo: Block current already exists. Redefine it? [Yes/No] <No>: Nhp Y hoc N. Nu bn nhp Y th AutoCAD thay th nh ngha block hin hnh bi mt nh ngha block mi. AutoCAD ti to bn v v nh ngha mi s p dng cho ton b cc block chn. Nhn phm ESC ti dng nhc nhp im chn sau y nu nh bn khng mun chn block mi. Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/ Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: Chn la chn Ta c th nhp Rotation angle hoc cc t l chn X, Y, Z trc khi xut hin dng nhc Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: bng cch nhp R hoc S, Y, Z ti dng nhc Specify Insertion point , v d: Command : - Insert Enter block name <>: Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/ Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: R Specify rotation angle <0>: 45 Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/ Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>:

Nhp tn block hoc file bn v Nhp gi tr Rotation angle trc Gc quay 450 Chn im chn Nhp gi tr hoc ENTER Nhp gi tr hoc ENTER

Ch hnh nh ca block khi chn hin th ng trn mn hnh ta chn bin DRAGMODE = 1.

3. Lnh lu Block thnh File dng nhiu ln (lnh Wblock)

Menu bar File>Export(Chn .DWG) Nhp lnh Wblock, W Toolbars

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AutoCad 2004 Lnh Wblock (Write block to file) s dng lu mt block hoc mt s i tng ca bn v hin hnh thnh mt file bn v mi. Block c lu thnh file phi nm trong bn v hin hnh. File bn v sau khi c to bng lnh Wblock c th chn vo file bn v khc. Nu ta mun chn mt block hoc mt s i tng ca file bn v hin hnh (v d block GHE trn file TABLE.DWG) vo file bn v khc (v d ROOM.DWG) th ta thc hin theo trnh t: - u tin ti bn v TABLE.DWG ta s dng lnh Wblock lu block GHE bn v ny thnh 1 file (v d CHAIR.DWG) - Sau ti bn v ROOM.DWG thc hin lnh Insert chn file va to (CHAIR.DWG) vo. Ch Trong AutoCAD 2004, ta c th s dng AutoCAD Design Center ko mt block ca mt file bn v bt k vo bn v hin hnh. a. To file t block c sn to mt file bn v t mt block sn c ta thc hin theo trnh t sau: - Thc hin lnh Wblock xut hin hp thoi Write block. - Ti vng Source ta chn nt block. - Ta nhp tn file vo son tho File name, cn ch n ng dn ( son tho Location:) v n v ( son tho Insert units:) - Sau chn block cn lu thnh file ti danh sch ko xung trong mc Source. - Nhp phm OK. b. To file t mt s i tng ca bn v Nu mun s dng lnh Wblock lu mt s i tng ca bn v hin hnh thnh mt file ta thc hin nh sau: - Thc hin lnh Wblock xut hin hp thoi Write block. - Ti vng source ta chn Objects. - Nhp tn file vo son tho File name. - Chn im chun chn (Base point) v i tng (Objects) tng t hp thoi Block Definition. - Chn nt OK. c. Lu tt c i tng bn v hin hnh thnh mt file Ta c th lu tt c cc i tng bn v thnh file, tuy nhin lnh Wblock, khc vi lnh Saveas, l ch nhng i tng bn v v cc i tng c t tn (Named Objects) nh: block, lp (layer), kiu ch (text style) c s dng trong bn v mi c lu. Command: Wblock Xut hin hp thoi Write block. Ti vng Source ta chn Entire drawing. Nhp tn file vo son tho File name v chn nt OK. lu cc i tng hoc block thnh file bn v ta c th s dng lnh Export (danh mc ko xung File, mc Export). Xut hin hp thoi Export v ta chn Block (*.dwg) ti danh sch ko xung Save as type:

4. Lnh ph v Block l Explode hoc Xplode.

Block c chn vo bn v l mt i tng ca AutoCAD. Block b ph v ngay khi chn, ta c th chn nt Explode trn hp thoi Insert hoc sau khi chn ta thc hin cc lnh Explode hoc Xplode. Tuy nhin trong a s trng hp ta khng nn ph v block, ngoi tr khi cn nh ngha li. a. Ph v block bng lnh Explode Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbars Modify>Explode Explode, X Bi Vit Thi Page 64

AutoCad 2004 Mun ph v block chn thnh cc i tng n ta s dng lnh Explode. Trong AutoCAD 2004, ta c th ph v block vi t l chn X, Y khc nhau. Cc i tng n c cc tnh cht (mu, dng ng, lp) nh trc khi to block. Command: Explode - Select objects: - Select objects:

- Chn block cn ph v - Tip tc chn hoc nhn phm ENTER thc hin lnh Nu block c to thnh t cc i tng phc: a tuyn, mt ct, dng ch th ln u tin ta thc hin lnh Explode ph v block thnh cc i tng phc, sau ta tip tc thc hin lnh Explode ph v cc i tng phc ny thnh cc i tng n. Khi ph v ng trn v cung trn c t l chn khc nhau, th chng s tr thnh elip hoc cung elip. b. Ph v block bng lnh Xplode Menu bar Nhp lnh Toolbars Xplode Mun ph v Block chn thnh cc i tng n ban u vi cc tnh cht ta gn ring cho tng i tng hoc cho tt c cc i tng th s dng lnh Xplode. Ta ch c th thc hin lnh Xplode vi cc block c t l chn X, Y theo gi tr tuyt i bng nhau.

XIV. In bn v.
Thc hin in bn v ta thc hin nh sau Menu bar Nhp lnh File \ Plot Plot hoc Print Sau khi vo lnh xut hin hp thoi Plot sau. Toolbars

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AutoCad 2004 1. Trang Plot Device : Ch nh my in s dng, bng kiu in, thng tin v vic in ra File * Plotter Configuration: Hin th tn my in ca h thng nu c nhiu my in ta c th chn tn my in cn dng trong danh sch Name. - Nt Properties : Chnh hoc xem cu hnh my in hin hnh. - Nt Hints : Hin th thng tin v thit b in. * Plot Style Table (pen Assignments): Gn, hiu chnh hoc to mi bng kiu in. - Khung Name : Hin th bng kiu in c dng. - Nt Edit: Hin th Plot Style Table Editor hiu chnh bng kiu in ang chn. - Nt New: Dng to bng kiu in mi. Sau khi chn c bn kiu in ta nhn vo nt Edit gn nt v cn thit cho cc kiu ng khc nhau. Nht nt Edit xut hin hp thoi sau. Tip ta chn trang Form View Trong ta chn mu tng ng cn gn kiu mu in ra v nt v trong kung Plot Styles sau ta chn mu bn khung Color bn phi. V d nh: Trn bn v ta v bng mu vng nhng khi in ra ta gn mu vng thnh mu en cho nt v .
Tn bng kiu in ang c hiu chnh

Gn kiu mu c in ra

Chn mu cn thay i

Gn kiu ng c in ra

Gn rng nt v Gn kiu kt thc ca nt v

Gn kiu kiu t c

- Sau khi la chn c cc thng s ta nhn vo nut Save&Close ghi v ng hp thoi ny li * What to Plot: Xc nh nhng g m bn mong mun in. - Current Tab: In trang in hin hnh thng thng chn mc ny. - Number of Copies: S bn cn in ra. * Plot to File : Xut bn v ra File ( t khi dng) Bi Vit Thi Page 66

AutoCad 2004 2. Trang Plot Settings ( hin thi khi ta click chut vo trang ny.) Dng ch nh kh giy, vng in, hng in, T l in, .....

* Paper Size and Paper Units: Chn kh giy in v n v in theo inch hoc mm * Drawing Orientation: Ch nh hng in bn v: - Landscape : Chn kiu in ngang - Portrait : Chn kiu in ng - Bn c th kt hp cc la chn Portrait hoc Landscape vi vung Plot UpsideDown quay bn v mt gc 00 , 900 , 1800 , 2700 . * Plot Area : Ch nh vng in bn v. - Thng thng ta dng la chn Window xc nh khung ca s cn in . Khung ca s cn in ny c xc nh bi hai im gc i din ca ng cho khung ca s. Sau khi chn nt WinDow ta hay dng phng php truy bt im xc nh 2 im l ng cho ca khung cn in. * Polt Scale: Thng thng ta chn Scale to Fit lc ny AutoCad t ng Scale khung ca s vo kh giy in ca my in mt cch t ng. * Plot Offset : im gc bt u in l im gc tri pha di ca vng in c ch nh. * Plot Options : Ch nh cc la chn cho chiu rng nt in. kiu in v bng kiu in hin hnh. - Plot with Lineweights: In theo chiu rng nt in nh trn hp thoi Layer Properties Manager. - Plot with Plot Style: Khi in s dng kiu in gn cho i tng trn bng kiu in. Tt c cc nh ngha vi cc c trng tnh cht khc nhau c lu tr trn bng kiu in. La chn ny thay th cho Pen Assignments trong cc phin bn Cad trc ca AutoCad. - Plot Paperspace Last: u tin in cc i tng trong khng gian m hnh. Thng thng cc i tng trn khng gian giy v c in trc cc i tng trn khng gian m hnh. - Hide Objects: Che cc nt khut khi in. Bi Vit Thi Page 67

AutoCad 2004 * Partial Preview: Xut hin hp thoi Pratial Plot Preview. Hin th vng in so vi kch thc kh giyv vng c th In - Paper Size: Hin th kch thc kh giy c chn hin hnh - Printable Area: Hin th vng c th in bn trong kch thc kh giy. - Effective Area: Hin th kch thc ca bn v bn trong vng c th in - Warnings: Hin th cc dng cnh bo * Full Preview: Hin ln ton b bn v nh khi ta in ra giy. Hnh nh trc khi in hin th theo chiu rng nt in m ta gn cho bn v. Trong Autocad 2004 nu ta nhp phm phi khi dang quan st bn v sp in th s xut hin shortcut menu v ta c th thc hin cc chc nng Real Time zoom, Real Time Pan.... kim tra li hnh nh sp in qua v hp thoi in ta chn Exit 3. Cui cng: Khi thit lp c cc thng s cn thit cho bn in ta nhn nt OK thc hin in bn v.

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