Everand Logo

Welcome to Everand!

  • Discover millions of ebooks, audiobooks, and so much more with a free trial

    Only $11.99/month after trial. Cancel anytime.

    Probability Theory
    Probability Theory
    Probability Theory
    Audiobook44 minutes

    Probability Theory

    Written by Introbooks Team

    Narrated by Andrea Giordani

    4.5/5

    ()

    Switch to ebook

    About this audiobook

    Analysis theory of any random phenomena is known as probability. Main resource for concept of probability is probability theory. Probability theory is said to be one of many most important concepts or branches of mathematics. Following objects are known as main concepts or central objects:


    • Random variables
    • Stochastic processes
    • Random events
    • Measured quantities

    Events are a kind of abstraction achieved through mathematical process. This abstraction is done on the base of non-deterministic events. Measured quantities can also be used for such abstraction. Measured quantities can be single occurrence or also follow random fashion for time evolving multiple occurrences. Making predictions about the outcome of random events is not always easy or even impossible sometimes. However, if influences are made on sequence of individual events, they will tend to follow certain patterns that are much easy to study, practice and predict. For instance, if outcome of coin flipping or roll of dice is influenced by outer factors such as friction, they will follow a specific pattern when proving outcome. Once this certain pattern is figured out and understood properly, it becomes much easier to predict the outcome with maximum accuracy. It means that it is hard to understand future outcome of subsequent random events that makes it hard to predict them. However, it is easy to predict pattern exhibited by these group of events that makes it easy to predict them and their corresponding events also. To describe such patterns certain mathematical results or concepts are used. Law of large numbers and central limit theorem are two main concepts that are used to study and describe such patterns followed by sequential random events.


    Mathematical foundations of statistics consider probability theory as a practical part for any human activity in which, quantitative analysis of large data sets are involved. Involving in daily human activities makes probability theory a main concept of mathematics and statistics. It is also heavily involved in many mathematical and statistical concepts, which also makes it important for one to learn and understand basic concepts of this theory. Probability theory can also be used to describe complex systems, systems that hold only partial knowledge of their corresponding state. These descriptions are done the same way they are done in statistical mechanics. This is the main reason for which this theory is considered as a part of both mathematics and statistics. However, mathematics and statistics are parent theories for each other so any concept of mathematics can be a concept of statistics and any concept of statistics can be a concept of mathematics. Discovery of probabilistic behavior of physical phenomena is considered a great discovery in the field of physics. This probabilistic behavior was observed at atomic scales. This whole observation was heavily related to the concepts of probability theory. However, probability theory was not used as a complete base in that theory. This concept and research is broadly described in theory of quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is arguably the only field in physics, which is related with the concepts of probability theory. However, researches are still going on and more connections are much likely to be found out soon thanks to the deep relations between mathematics and physics. 

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherIntroBooks
    Release dateApr 15, 2016
    ISBN9781987166385

    More audiobooks from Introbooks Team

    Related to Probability Theory

    Related audiobooks

    Mathematics For You

    View More
    View More

    Related podcast episodes

    Related articles

    • Article

      Is Your Theory of Everything Pure Enough?: Fundamental theories of nature aren’t allowed to hide information.

      Feb 19, 2015

      Let’s play a game. You get a box with two compartments and one ball. The ball could be in either compartment with equal probability, and my job is to guess which one. Ok, it’s not the most exciting game, but at least it’s fair. My odds are 50/50. But

      4 min read

    • Article

      Chaos Makes the Multiverse Unnecessary

      Jun 22, 2017

      Scientists look around the universe and see amazing structure. There are objects and processes of fantastic complexity. Every action in our universe follows exact laws of nature that are perfectly expressed in a mathematical language. These laws of n

      17 min read

    • Article

      Chaos Makes the Multiverse Unnecessary

      Nov 29, 2018

      Scientists look around the universe and see amazing structure. There are objects and processes of fantastic complexity. Every action in our universe follows exact laws of nature that are perfectly expressed in a mathematical language. These laws of n

      17 min read

    • Article

      Chaos Makes the Multiverse Unnecessary

      Nov 29, 2018

      Scientists look around the universe and see amazing structure. There are objects and processes of fantastic complexity. Every action in our universe follows exact laws of nature that are perfectly expressed in a mathematical language. These laws of n

      17 min read

    • Article

      The Quantum Mechanics of Fate: How time travel might explain some of science’s biggest puzzles.

      Jan 30, 2014

      The objective world simply is, it does not happen,” wrote mathematician and physicist Hermann Weyl in 1949. From his point of view, the universe is laid out in time as surely as it is laid out in space. Time does not pass, and the past and future are

      6 min read

    • Article

      Why Science Needs Metaphysics: Science can’t tell us whether science explains everything.

      Oct 1, 2015

      Technology cannot keep pace with theoretical predictions about subatomic reality coming from physics. The same applies to our ability to observe the far reaches of the universe. Theory outstrips data and can become more extravagant with the claims it

      6 min read

    • Article

      Paradox Is Illuminating the Black Hole

      Apr 11, 2019

      This essay is one of the five winners in the 2019 writing competition held by the Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University. “The Black Hole Initiative offers a unique environment for thinking about the topic of black holes more creatively and comp

      6 min read

    • Article

      How Things Go From Straight-forward To Chaotic

      Jun 11, 2018

      Engineers have developed mathematical tools that determine when randomness emerges in any stochastic (random) system. The research looks to answer a long-standing question: When does randomness set in during a “random walk?” “…we can see the prelude

      2 min read

    • Article

      Schrödinger’s Cat When Nobody Is Looking

      Aug 26, 2020

      Some of the most perplexing topics in physics revolve around quantum theory. The quandary is seen most famously in the Schrödinger’s cat question and the issue of information loss in black hole evaporation. Richard Feynman said, “I think that I can s

      13 min read

    • Article

      Why Physics Is Not a Discipline: Physics is not just what happens in the Department of Physics.

      Apr 21, 2016

      Have you heard the one about the biologist, the physicist, and the mathematician? They’re all sitting in a cafe watching people come and go from a house across the street. Two people enter, and then some time later, three emerge. The physicist says,

      12 min read

    • Article

      Yes, Determinists, There Is Free Will

      May 16, 2019

      It’s not just in politics where otherwise smart people consistently talk past one another. People debating whether humans have free will also have this tendency. Neuroscientist and free-will skeptic Sam Harris has dueled philosopher and free-will def

      10 min read

    • Article

      Paradox Is Illuminating the Black Hole

      Jan 31, 2019

      An Introduction to the Black Hole Institute Fittingly, the Black Hole Initiative (BHI) was founded 100 years after Karl Schwarzschild solved Einstein’s equations for general relativity—a solution that described a black hole decades before the first a

      7 min read

    • Article

      The Trouble with Theories of Everything: There is no known physics theory that is true at every scale—there may never be.

      Oct 1, 2015

      Whenever you say anything about your daily life, a scale is implied. Try it out. “I’m too busy” only works for an assumed time scale: today, for example, or this week. Not this century or this nanosecond. “Taxes are onerous” only makes sense for a ce

      8 min read

    • Article

      A Neuroscientist’s Theory of Everything

      Jun 10, 2020

      Karl Friston wanted me to know he had plenty of time. That wasn’t quite true. He just didn’t want our conversation—about his passion, the physics of mental life—to end. Once it did, he would have to step outside, have a cigarette, and get straight ba

      12 min read

    • Article

      The Metaphysical Baggage of Physics: Lee Smolin argues that time is more fundamental than physical laws.

      Jan 30, 2014

      An issue on time would not be complete without a conversation with Lee Smolin. High school dropout, theoretical physicist, and founding member of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Canada, Smolin’s life and work reflect many

      7 min read

    • Article

      What Is Pseudoscience?

      May 8, 2017

      What Is Pseudoscience?
      3 min read

    Related categories

    Reviews for Probability Theory

    4.5/5

    21 ratings1 review

    What did you think?

    Tap to rate

    Review must be at least 10 words

    • 5/5
      Good Work Guys!
      The book was great i learned a lot.