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    Reasoning and Debate: A Handbook and a Textbook
    Reasoning and Debate: A Handbook and a Textbook
    Reasoning and Debate: A Handbook and a Textbook
    Ebook113 pages1 hour

    Reasoning and Debate: A Handbook and a Textbook

    By Jensen DG. Mañebog

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    About this ebook

    Written in cooperation with OurHappySchool.com, this book about correct reasoning and debate helps readers to have a critical mind and become accurately logical. Teaching the fundamental rules in reasoning, this work empowers people to purify information—by detecting misinformation, bias, prejudice, propaganda, spin, deception, distortion, and the like—thereby minimizing the risk of advocating untruthful beliefs.

    Academically, the lessons in Logic and Critical Thinking introduced here can make one a better student as the principles discussed are beneficially applicable to other fields of study given proper contextualization. Rules in reasoning do help us form a coherent system of various modes of thought such as scientific thinking, historical thinking, philosophical thinking, mathematical thinking, artistic thinking, ethical thinking, and others.

    This book about good thinking grants us with the capacity to judge well, enables us to form sound belief systems, and thereby provides us with a foundation for a rationally healthy life. Helping the readers to become analytical, this reference could also help us to better fare even in our career training and job performance.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherJensen DG. Mañebog
    Release dateNov 9, 2013
    ISBN9781311948755
    Reasoning and Debate: A Handbook and a Textbook
    Author

    Jensen DG. Mañebog

    JENSEN DE GUZMAN MAÑEBOG writes about philosophy, history, life lessons, education, and literature. He took up Bachelor of Arts degree (graduated summa cum laude), finished his Master's from University of the Philippines-Diliman, and completed doctoral level units.He taught History, Philosophy, Debate, Education, and Social Science subjects in some universities in Metro Manila, Philippines for many years. A textbook author and editorial consultant of some academic sites, his published textbooks (adopted by some universities), multidisciplinary researches, lectures, and blogs have been garnering various favorable comments and are used by many educators.Graduated class valedictorian both in elementary and high school, the author was a Professorial Lecturer in the Graduate School of a state university in Metro Manila and became the first President of the academic organization ELPAP (E-Learning Practitioners Association of the Philippines). His e-books were written in partnership with OurHappySchool.com and/or Philippine-Guide.com.You may contact the author through jensenismo@gmail.com.(In mid-2014, Prof. Jensen took on a holy vocation and voluntarily granted the full copyrights of his e-books to his partners/publishers.)

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      Great book. Needs more clear examples to explain difficult concepts

    Book preview

    Reasoning and Debate - Jensen DG. Mañebog

    Reasoning and Debate: A Handbook and a Textbook

    By Jensen DG. Mañebog

    Copyright 2013 Jensen DG. Mañebog

    Smashwords Edition

    All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the author.

    Smashwords Edition, Licensing Notes

    This e-book is licensed for your personal use and enjoyment only. This e-book may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each recipient. If you are reading this book and did not purchase it, or if it was not purchased for your use only, please return to Smashwords.com and purchase a copy for yourself. Thank you for respecting this author’s work.

    This book was written in cooperation with OurHappySchool.com.

    For inquires, comments, or suggestions, please contact the author:

    jensenismo@gmail.com

    https://twitter.com/jensenismo

    Smashwords profile by the author:

    http://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/jensenism

    Table of Contents

    About the author

    Dedication

    Preface

    Introduction: The Importance of Correct Reasoning

    Common sense

    The Significance of Studying Correct Reasoning

    1. Logic, Philosophy, and Critical Thinking

    1.1. Logic defined

    1.2. Logic as a science and an art

    1.3. A short history of Logic

    1.4. Philosophy and Logic

    1.5. Logic and Critical Thinking

    2. Term, Proposition, and Argument

    2.1. Judgment, Proposition, and Sentence

    2.2. Truth and falsity

    2.3. Proposition and sentence

    2.4. Basic types of propositions

    2.4.1. Categorical propositions

    2.4.2. Hypothetical propositions

    2.4.3. Modal propositions

    3. Reasoning, Inference, and Argument

    3.1. Argument

    3.1.1. Empirical argument

    3.1.2. Analytic argument

    3.1.3. Evaluative argument

    3.2. Mediate vs. immediate inference

    4. Truth, Validity, and Soundness

    5. Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

    5.1. Inductive reasoning

    5.2. Deductive reasoning

    5.3. Induction vs. deduction

    Application

    6. The Rules of Inference

    6.1. Modus Ponens (MP)

    6.2. Modus Tollens (MT)

    6.3. Hypothetical Syllogism (HS)

    6.4. Disjunctive Syllogism (DS)

    6.5. Conjunction (Conj.)

    6.6. Simplification (Simp.)

    6.7. Addition (Add.)

    6.8. Absorption (Abs.)

    6.9. Constructive Dilemma (CD)

    6.10. Destructive Dilemma (DD)

    Application

    7. Toulmin’s Model of Argument

    8. The Informal Fallacies

    8.1. Fallacies of Relevance

    Irrelevant Conclusion (Ignoratio elenchi)

    Appeal to Force (Argumentum ad baculum)

    Appeal to Pity (Argumentum ad misericordiam)

    Appeal to Emotion

    Appeal to the people (Argumentum ad populum)

    Appeal to False Authority (Argumentum ad verecundiam)

    Appeal to Authority (argumentum ad auctoritatem)

    Argument against the person (Argumentum ad hominem)

    Appeal to Ignorance (Argumentum ad ignoratiam)

    8.2. Fallacies of Presumption

    Accident

    Converse accident

    False Cause (Post hoc ergo propter hoc)

    Begging the Question (Petitio principii)

    Assumptio non probata

    Circulus in probando

    Complex question

    Neglected aspect

    8.3. Fallacies of Ambiguity

    Equivocation

    Amphiboly

    Accent

    Composition

    Division

    8.4. Miscellaneous Fallacies

    Self-contradiction

    False analogy

    Black or white

    Fallacy of significance

    Quoting out of context

    Straw man fallacy

    Non sequitor

    9. The Basics of Debate

    9.1. Academic vs. Religious Debate

    9.2. Fundamental elements of academic debate

    9.2.1. Proposition

    9.2.2. Two opposing main views or sides

    9.2.3. Form or format

    9.2.4. The Moderator (or Speaker of the House)

    9.2.5. Time element

    9.2.6. Debate Stages

    Notice of Debate

    Pre-Debate Conference

    Debate Proper

    10. The Importance of Debate and Argumentation

    11. Mastering the Oxford-Oregon Debate

    11.1. The format

    11.2. Constructive Speech

    11.3. Speakers’ roles

    11.3.1. Practicability

    11.3.2. Necessity

    11.3.3. Beneficiality

    11.4. Constructive Speech Types

    11.5. Interpellation (Cross-examination)

    11.5.1. Some Basic Rules on Interpellation

    11.6. Rebuttal 

    11.7. Debate Sequence

    11.8. Duration

    11.9. The Moderator

    11.10. The Timer

    11.11. Judging

    12. Doing Well in Parliamentary Debate

    12.1. The Format and Terminology

    12.2. The World Schools Style Debate

    12.3. WSS Debate Sequence

    12.4. Roles of each speaker

    12.4.1. First Speaker of the Government

    12.4.2. First Speaker of the Opposition

    12.4.3. Second Speakers

    12.4.4. Third Speakers

    12.4.5. Reply Speakers

    12.5. Points of Information, Order, and Personal Privilege

    12.6. POI in WSS

    12.7. Heckling

    13. Delivering an Impressive Debate Speech

    Appendices

    Debate Tournament: Framework, Mechanics, and Guidelines

    Legal Basis

    Academic significance

    Procedures

    Evaluation

    Government, Community, and Other Institutions Involvement

    Book Description

    Other Books by the Author

    About the author

    Jensen De Guzman Mañebog took AB Philosophy and graduated summa cum laude from Saint Louis University. He finished his M.A. Philosophy at the University of the Philippines-Diliman and is currently a candidate in the doctoral program.

    Graduated valedictorian both in elementary and high school, the author was a college debater and has been a debate professor and coach in some universities for more than a decade.

    Teaching Philosophy, Debate, History, and Social Science subjects in some universities in Metro Manila for 15 years, he has published academic textbooks and written multidisciplinary lectures which are published in academic sites. Also a Professorial Lecturer in the Graduate School of a state university in Metro Manila, his various professions normally engage him in formal speaking engagements and delivering speeches.

    Dedication

    To my sparring partner in reasoning and debate, Bro. Joji Crisostomo, my fellow Micahns, my college debate teammates Jennifer Corpuz & Arlene Nang, Neo Louisian Philosophical Society, White and Blue, Gasera, INCinema, and P/GM

    Preface

    BECAUSE THINKING CORRECTLY is an integral part of who we are as human beings, the idea of helping people develop their reasoning ability involves actualizing their potentials as rational beings. This is one of the many reasons teaching ‘correct reasoning’ and debate is perpetually exciting and gratifying.

    Teaching people about critical thinking and argumentation is equipping them with useful intellectual tools which also refine their viewpoint from which they view the world. As these subject matters also call for the need to evaluate and persistently reassess one’s concepts and even values, these disciplines, in effect, aptly guide people in making wise decisions in life.

    Moreover, clear understanding of many things oftentimes leads to looking at the world and life itself properly. Thus, a book on reasoning and debate like this may not teach us how to make a living, but it could teach us that life is worth living.

    This book was written to serve as a comprehensive introduction to correct reasoning and debate. It humbly aims to help the readers develop in thinking abilities needed for academic study and career success as it fosters intellectual and even linguistic abilities.

    Some features of this book

    This book possesses various features that make it an effective tool for readers (educators, students, and others):

    1. logically arranged

    It begins with the basic things about reasoning (terms and propositions)and then sequentially progresses to more sophisticated thinking—the critical evaluation of some arguments. Finally, the book discusses the fundamental things about debate.

    2. tackles the most essential issues

    The topics included here were carefully selected to compose a reference that significantly matter in correct reasoning and debate.

    3. simplified, less technical, and easy-to-read

    Though simplifying books in reasoning is experientially easier said than done mission, this book nonetheless endeavored for this objective as it contains attributes that make the lectures reader-friendly. Whenever appropriate, sections were written in conversational tone using the ‘you’ and ‘we’ pronouns as if talking to the readers. Furthermore, sensible and easy-to-understand examples were carefully chosen for the topics.

    4. with practical applications

    Many lectures in this book explicitly state either in the ‘introduction’ or ‘application’ sections the significance of the topics or how they can be intelligently used in various undertakings.

    Introduction: The Importance of Correct Reasoning

    THIS OPENIG LECTURE also addresses

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