General Relativity 1: Newton vs Einstein
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Relativity and Quantum Mechanics are the two major pillars of 20th century physics. These theories, launched within five years of one another, revolutionized our understanding of nature. They utterly dismantled the conceptual basis of Newtonian physics that had been the gold standard of science for over 200 years, and introduced radically new concepts that defy human intuition. These theories may represent the greatest upheaval in the history of science. Both Relativity and Quantum Mechanics were launched over 100 years ago, yet we are still digesting their broad and stunning implications. Both theories have been exhaustively tested and confirmed to extraordinary precision; as bizarre as they may seem at first, there is no denying that they describe our world as it really is.
Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity, published in 1905, applies only to special situations in which everything moves with constant velocity — when there are no forces and no accelerations. In particular, Special Relativity assumes that the effects of gravity are negligible. While this theory revolutionized our understanding of many important natural phenomena, there was clearly a need to extend the theory to include forces and, most importantly, to incorporate gravity.
This book is the first of several in the Everyone’s Guide Series devoted to General Relativity. Here, we will compare the theories of gravity of history’s two greatest physicists: Newton and Einstein. We will discuss Einstein’s “Happiest Moment”, when he discovered the Equivalence Principle, and examine its important consequences. We will also discuss some several unexpectedly complex effects of gravity: tidal forces and time dilation.
Robert Piccioni
Dr Robert Piccioni is a physicist, public speaker, educator and expert on cosmology and Einstein's theories. His "Everyone's Guide Series" e-books makes the frontiers of science accessible to all. With short books focused on specific topics, readers can easily mix and match, satisfying their individual interests. Each self-contained book tells its own story. The Series may be read in any order or combination. Robert has a B.S. in Physics from Caltech, a Ph.D. in High Energy Physics from Stanford University, was a faculty member at Harvard University and did research at the Stanford Linear Accelerator in Palo Alto, Calif. He has studied with and done research with numerous Nobel Laureates. At Caltech, one of his professors was Richard Feynman, one of the most famous physicists of the 20th century, and a good family friend. Dr. Piccioni has introduced cutting-edge science to numerous non-scientific audiences, including school children and civic groups. He was guest lecturer on a National Geographic/Lindblad cruise, and has given invited talks at Harvard, Caltech, UCLA, and Stanford University.
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Book preview
General Relativity 1 - Robert Piccioni
General Relativity
1: Newton vs. Einstein
by
Robert L. Piccioni, Ph.D.
Enjoy Exploring Your Universe
with the
Everyone's Guide Series
Published by
Real Science Publishing
3949 Freshwind Circle
Westlake Village, CA 91361, USA
Smashwords Edition
Edited by Joan Piccioni
Copyright © 2013 by Robert L. Piccioni
All rights reserved, including the right of
reproduction in whole or in part, in any form.
Visit our web site: www.guidetothecosmos.com
Published in 2013
About the Author
Robert L. Piccioni, Ph.D.
Dr Robert Piccioni & isabellaRobert and granddaughter Isabella
You are never too young or too old to wonder: Why?
Author, physicist, and science educator, Dr. Robert Piccioni explains the wonders of our universe at universities, high schools, churches, civic and business groups, adult education programs, and on cruise ships.
Robert has a B.S. from Caltech and a Ph.D. in high-energy physics from Stanford University. He has taught at Harvard University and at the Osher Institute at UCLA and CSUCI, where students voted him Teacher of the Year.
He ran eight high-tech companies and holds patents in medical devices, semiconductor technology, and smart energy.
Robert is the award-winning author of three popular science books that are all top-rated by readers young and old and by professional reviewers.
Checkout Dr. Piccioni's website:
www.guidetothecosmos.com
for
Printed Books, each top-rated by Amazon readers:
• Everyone's Guide to Atoms, Einstein, and the Universe
• Can Life Be Merely An Accident?
• A World Without Einstein
∙
DVDs of his most popular presentations:
• Einstein for Everyone
• Einstein and Light
• General Relativity for Everyone
• The Micro-World of Subatomic Particles
• Dark Matter & Dark Energy
• Can Life Be Merely An Accident?
• Science and Faith
Newsletters on the latest scientific developments
ebook singles — The Everyone's Guide Series
• Einstein's Life: Persistence Overcomes Rejection
• Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity
• Einstein's Theory of General Relativity
• Quantum Mechanics
• Atoms & Telling Time with Timeless Atoms
• Particles & Waves: Opposites All In One
• Our Place in the Universe
• We are Made of Stardust
• Black Holes, White Dwarfs, and Neutron Stars
...and many more
Dedication
Hunter Thomas JohnsThis book is dedicated to my grandson, Hunter Thomas Johns.
His greatest accomplishment so far is being 9.0 pounds and 23 inches long at birth.
Hunter is