Some Ancient Greek Textiles Found in Russia
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Some Ancient Greek Textiles Found in Russia - Eugenia Tolmachoff
BARROW.
SOME ANCIENT GREEK TEXTILES FOUND IN SOUTH RUSSIA
*
Adapted from the German text of LUDOLF STEPHANI,
with additional notes,
by EUGENIA TOLMACHOFF
THE tombs of Kerch in the Crimea have attracted the attention of archæologists ever since the first half of the nineteenth century. Most of these tombs are situated on the northern slope of the Mithridates Mountain,† where the geological structure offered an ideal site for their construction; in many cases these sepulchral chambers communicated with each other, and thus formed in their ensemble a vast necropolis.‡
The special conditions that preserved wooden objects in these Scythian and Bosporan tombs from Kerch to the Caucasus have also resulted in the survival of a few specimens of Greek textiles which are of outstanding interest, for prior to the Christian era little of such material has been found elsewhere.§
In the second half of the nineteenth century excavations in South Russia were conducted by the Imperial Hermitage Museum and by the Russian Archæological Commission. During these years occasional fragments of Greek textiles were found in various tombs until these accumulated pieces formed eventually a fairly representative series of the art of weaving in ancient Greece. Most of these fragments were discovered in a group of mounds in the Kuban province, known, because of their number, as the Seven Brothers.
While this material has been mentioned briefly by several authors, it is to Ludolf Stephani that we owe a detailed description of the collection now preserved in the Hermitage Museum in Leningrad. In his work, accompanied by excellent hand-painted plates, the author reproduces and discusses the best examples, prefacing his description with a survey of the representations of textiles in the field of art, particularly in vase-painting.
In his description Stephani himself does not follow any definite plan or classification. In the pieces herein described, therefore, his material has been rearranged and the textiles have been divided into three groups and treated as follows:
I. Fabrics with Woven Design
II. Painted Fabrics
III. Embroidered Fabrics *
It should be noted that in his description of the materials Stephani is rather vague about the weaves, the stitches of the embroideries, and the technique of the decoration, a feature that has