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    Mensuration
    Mensuration
    Mensuration
    Ebook129 pages3 hours

    Mensuration

    By Wm. S. Hall

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    Originally published in 1893. PREFACE: This work is designed for the course in lower mathematics of schools and colleges. It presupposes an elementary knowledge of Geometry and Trigonometry, and for the sake of brevity, repetition of definitions and demonstrations given in these branches have been omitted; where a principle is used that has been established in either of these branches, the student is referred to one of them for proof. This early works is a comprehensive and informative look at the subject with much of the information still useful and practical today. Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900's and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherRead Books Ltd.
    Release dateMay 31, 2013
    ISBN9781473384613
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      Book preview

      Mensuration - Wm. S. Hall

      Mensuration

      MENSURATION.

      § 1. MENSURATION

      is that branch of mathematics which treats of the measurement of geometrical magnitudes. It is a branch of applied geometry and gives the rules for finding the lengths of lines, the areas of surfaces, and the volumes of solids. By Mensuration the values of these magnitudes are calculated from the simplest measurements.

      § 2. UNITS OF MEASURE.

      The measure of a geometrical magnitude is the ratio which it bears to a standard magnitude of the same kind taken as the unit of measure.

      The linear unit may be an inch, a foot, a yard, or any given arbitrary length. If the unit’s length is one foot, and the given line contains this unit’s length, ten times, then the given line is ten feet long.

      A surface unit is the square described upon a unit of length. The measure of a surface is called its area. If the surface unit is a square foot, then the area of any surface is the number of square feet which it contains.

      A volume unit is a cube whose edge is a unit of length. If the unit for measurement of volumes is a cube whose edge is one foot, then the measure of any volume is the number of cubic feet which it contains.

      The measures of geometrical magnitudes, being ratios, may commonly be expressed by abstract numbers. Hence, in the calculations of Mensuration, the numerical values of these magnitudes are taken.

      In Mensuration, the expression product of two lines, denotes the product obtained by multiplying the number of linear units in one line by the number of units of the same kind in the other line. Thus, the area of a triangle is equal to one-half the product of the number of linear units in the base, by the number of linear units in the altitude.

      The expression, product of three lines, denotes the product obtained by multiplying together the number of linear units in each of the three lines. Thus, the measure of the volume of a rectangular parallelopiped is equal to the number of linear units in one side of the base, multiplied by the number of linear units in the adjacent side, and this product multiplied by the number of linear units in the altitude.

      § 3. COMMENSURABLE AND INCOMMENSURABLE

      MAGNITUDES.

      Two magnitudes are commensurable when they have a common measure; that is, when each will contain another magnitude an exact number of times. Thus, two straight lines whose lengths are five and seven inches are commensurable; for, each one contains one inch, the unit of measure, an exact number of times.

      a number of times, with a remainder as small as we please, or finally, less than any assignable quantity. Therefore, in what follows, only commensurable magnitudes will be considered.

      § 4. TABLES.

      Table I.—Linear Measures.

      Table IV.—Other Measures.

      Table II.—Square Measures.

      Table III.—Cubic Measures.

      MENSURATION OF LINES.

      A. LINES IN PLANE TRIANGLES.

      § 5. In every triangle there are six parts to be considered, namely, the three sides and the three angles. By Trigonometry, if any three of these parts are given, provided one part is a side, all of the other parts may be calculated and the triangle completely determined, and its area can be obtained.

      § 6. In a right-angled triangle, given the

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