Mastering Apache Maven 3

Table of Contents

Mastering Apache Maven 3

Credits

About the Author

Acknowledgments

About the Reviewers

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Why subscribe?

Free access for Packt account holders

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Apache Maven Quick Start

A quick introduction

Installing Apache Maven

Installing Apache Maven on Ubuntu

Installing Apache Maven on Mac OS X

Installing Apache Maven on Microsoft Windows

Configuring the heap size

Monitoring the build

Remote debugging

Convention over configuration

IDE integration

NetBeans integration

IntelliJ IDEA integration

Eclipse integration

Troubleshooting

Enabling Maven debug-level logs

Building dependency tree

Viewing all environment variables and system properties

Viewing the effective POM file

Viewing the dependency classpath

Summary

2. Demystifying Project Object Model

Project Object Model

The POM hierarchy

Super POM

POM extending and overriding

Maven coordinates

Parent POM file

Managing POM dependencies

Transitive dependencies

Dependency scopes

Optional dependencies

Dependency exclusion

Summary

3. Maven Configuration

Maven Wagon

Wagon HTTP(S) transport

Wagon system properties

Proxy authentication

Secured repositories

Encrypting credentials in settings.xml

Source Control Management systems

Maven with Subversion

Local repository location

Mirrored repositories

The internal corporate repository

Advanced mirror configurations

Deploying artifacts

Deploying file-based artifacts

Deploying SSH-based artifacts

Deploying FTP-based artifacts

Enabling Maven logging

Summary

4. Build Lifecycles

Standard lifecycles in Maven

The clean lifecycle

The default lifecycle

The site lifecycle

Lifecycle bindings

Building a custom lifecycle

Lifecycle extensions

Summary

5. Maven Plugins

Common Maven plugins

The clean plugin

The compiler plugin

The install plugin

The deploy plugin

The surefire plugin

The site plugin

The jar plugin

The source plugin

The resources plugin

The release plugin

Plugin discovery and execution

Plugin management

Plugin repositories

Plugin as an extension

Plexus

Maven and Dependency Injection

Google Guice

Developing custom plugins

Associating a plugin with a lifecycle

The plugin execution order

Inside the execute method

Summary

6. Maven Assemblies

The assembly plugin

The assembly descriptor

Artifact/resource filtering

Assembly help

A runnable, standalone Maven project

Summary

7. Maven Archetypes

Archetype quickstart

The batch mode

Archetype catalogues

Building an archetype catalogue

Public archetype catalogues

The anatomy of archetype-catalog.xml

The archetype plugin goals

Maven plugins with the archetype plugin

Java EE web applications with the archetype plugin

Deploying web applications to a remote Apache Tomcat server

Android mobile applications with the archetype plugin

EJB archives with the archetype plugin

JIRA plugins with the archetype plugin

Spring MVC applications with the archetype plugin

Building a custom archetype

The archetype descriptor

Generating a multimodule Maven project

archetype:create-from-project with custom properties

Summary

8. Maven Repository Management

Maven repositories

The update policy

Multiple repositories

Repositories in settings.xml

The Maven repository manager

Repository management with Nexus

Installing and running Nexus

Creating a hosted repository

Creating a proxy repository

Creating a virtual repository

Blocking selected artifacts

Inclusive and exclusive routing

Scheduled tasks

Artifact indexing

Nexus plugins

A repository metadata model

Summary

9. Best Practices

Dependency management

Defining a parent module

POM properties

Avoiding repetitive groupId and version tags and inherit from the parent POM

Following naming conventions

Maven profiles

Think twice before you write your own plugin

The Maven release plugin

The Maven enforcer plugin

Avoid using un-versioned plugins

Using exclusive and inclusive routes

Avoid having both release and snapshot repositories in the same group repository

Avoid having both proxy and hosted repositories in the same group repository

Minimizing the number of repositories

Using mirrorOf instead of changing repository URLs

Descriptive parent POM files

Documentation is your friend

Avoid overriding the default directory structure

Using SNAPSHOT versioning during development

Get rid of unused dependencies

Avoid keeping credentials in application POM files

Avoid using deprecated references

Avoid repetition – use archetypes

Avoid using maven.test.skip

Share resources – avoid duplicates

Summary

Index

Mastering Apache Maven 3

Mastering Apache Maven 3

Copyright © 2014 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: December 2014

Production reference: 1221214

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

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ISBN 978-1-78398-386-5

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Credits

Author

Prabath Siriwardena

Reviewers

Petri Kainulainen

Michał Kozik

Pavithra Gunasekara

Sagara Gunathunga

Bhavani P Polimetla

Commissioning Editor

Akram Hussain

Acquisition Editor

Subho Gupta

Content Development Editor

Ruchita Bhansali

Technical Editors

Shubhangi Dhamgaye

Shweta Pant

Mohita Vyas

Project Coordinator

Kranti Berde

Copy Editors

Roshni Banerjee

Deepa Nambiar

Rashmi Sawant

Proofreaders

Simran Bhogal

Mario Cecere

Lucy Rowland

Indexer

Tejal Soni

Graphics

Valentina D'silva

Abhinash Sahu

Production Coordinator

Manu Joseph

Cover Work

Manu Joseph

About the Author

Prabath Siriwardena is the Director of Security Architecture at WSO2 Inc., a company that produces a wide variety of open source software from data to screen. He is a member of OASIS Identity Metasystem Interoperability (IMI) TC, OASIS eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) TC, OASIS Security Services (SAML) TC, OASIS Identity in the Cloud TC, and OASIS Cloud Authorization (CloudAuthZ) TC. Prabath is also a member of PMC Apache Axis and has spoken at numerous international conferences, including OSCON, ApacheCon, WSO2Con, EIC, IDentity Next, and OSDC. He has more than 10 years of industry experience and has worked with many Fortune 100 companies.

Acknowledgments

I would first like to thank Subho Gupta, a senior acquisition editor at Packt Publishing, who came up with the idea of writing a book on mastering Apache Maven; then I would like to thank, Ruchita Bhansali, a content development editor at Packt Publishing, who I worked with closely throughout the project—thank you very much, Ruchita, for your patience and flexibility. Also, I would like to thank all the others at Packt who helped me throughout to make this book a reality from the initial idea. Thank you very much for all your continuous support.

Dr. Sanjiva Weerawarana, the CEO of WSO2, and Paul Fremantle, the CTO of WSO2, have always been my mentors. I am truly grateful to both of them for everything they have done for me.

I'd like to thank my beloved wife, Pavithra, and my loving little daughter, Dinadi. Pavithra wanted me to write this book even more than I wanted. If I say she is the driving force behind this book, I am not exaggerating. She simply went beyond by not only feeding me with all the encouragement, but also by helping immensely in reviewing the book and developing samples. She was always the first reader. Thank you very much, Pavithra. Also, thanks to little Dinadi for your patience—it was your time I spent on writing the book.

I would also like to thank all the technical reviewers of the book. All your suggestions and thoughts were extremely valuable and are much appreciated.

My parents and my sister have been the driving force behind me since my birth. If not for them, I wouldn't be who I am today. I am grateful to them for everything they have done for me. Last but not least, I'd like to thank my wife's parents; they were amazingly helpful in making sure that the only thing I had to do was to write this book, taking care of almost all the other things that I was supposed to do.

Although this would sounds like a one-man effort, it's actually a team effort. Thanks to everyone who supported me in different ways.

About the Reviewers

Petri Kainulainen is a software developer who lives in Tampere, Finland. He specializes in application development with the Java programming language and the Spring framework.

Petri has 15 years of experience in software development, and during his career, he has participated in the development projects of Finland's leading online market places as a software architect. He is currently working at Vincit Oy as a passionate architect.

Petri is the author of Spring Data, Packt Publishing, which was published in 2012, and writes regularly on his blog at http://www.petrikainulainen.net/blog/.

Michał Kozik is an enthusiastic freelance developer. He has gained broad experience in Java while working for companies in the e-commerce, telecommunication, and government sectors. Michał is always looking for new technologies to help him meet the challenges of customers. He enjoys sports and spending time with his family.

Pavithra Gunasekara is a programmer, blogger, and keen enthusiast of big data and data science. She received her Bachelor's degree in Computer Science from the University of Colombo. She has worked as a software engineer at a leading IT company in Sri Lanka and has hands-on experience in Java, R, Python, and Hadoop. Being a huge fan of Massive Open Online Courses(MOOC), she currently follows the data science specialization course provided by Coursera to extend her knowledge of data science. She regularly writes technical content on her blog at http://blog.eviac.net.

Sagara Gunathunga is a long-term contributor to Apache Software Foundation and a PMC member of Apache Axis and Apache Web Services projects. He actively contributes to Apache Axis2, Apache Web Services, and Apache Synapse projects. He currently serves as the Vice President of the Apache Web Services project.

In his day job, he works for WSO2, where he previously led the WSO2 Application Server project and now leads the WSO2 Governance Registry project. Sagara has more than 8 years of industry experience in Java EE, Spring, Web Service, API management, and enterprise-integration-related technologies. Sagara holds a degree in Computer Science from the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka and also holds a Bachelor's degree in Information Technology from University of Colombo School of Computing.

Sagara usually writes his technical expertise on his blog at http://ssagara.blogspot.com/.

Bhavani P Polimetla has been learning and working in IT Industry since 1990. He graduated with Bachelor of Computer Science and Master of Computer Applications degrees from Andhra University, India. He worked on standalone Swing applications on Grid computing and Multitier Architecture. He has worked with clients that include three fortune 50 companies. At present, he is working as a software architect at Mountain View, California, USA.

To demonstrate his skills he has completed, more than 25 Certifications in the spectrum of Java, database, project management, and architecture subjects. He has also received awards for many of his projects. He likes to spend his free time doing social service activities. More information is available on his website at www.polimetla.com.

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This book is dedicated with great honor, to my father – the greatest human being that I have ever met.

Preface

Maven is the number one build tool used by developers, and it has been available for more than a decade. Maven stands out among other build tools due to its extensible architecture, which is built on the concept of convention over configuration. This has made Maven the de-facto tool to manage and build Java projects. It's being widely used by many open source Java projects under Apache Software Foundation, SourceForge, Google Code, and many more.

Mastering Apache Maven 3 provides a step-by-step guide that will show you how to use Apache Maven in an optimal way to address enterprise build requirements. After reading this book, you will be able to:

Apply Maven's best practices in designing a build system to improve developers' productivity

Customize the build process to suit your enterprise needs by developing custom Maven plugins, lifecycles, and archetypes

Troubleshoot build issues with greater confidence

Implement and deploy a Maven repository manager to manage the build process in a better way

Design the build with proper dependency management, avoiding any maintenance nightmares

Optimize the Maven configuration settings

Build your own distribution archive using Maven assemblies

Build custom Maven lifecycles and lifecycle extensions

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Apache Maven Quick Start, focuses on giving an introduction to Apache Maven. If you are an advanced Maven user, you can simply jump to the next chapter. It will show how to install and configure Maven on different operating systems such as Linux, Mac, and Microsoft Windows and tips and tricks to use Maven.

Chapter 2, Demystifying Project Object Model, focuses on core concepts and best practices related to Project Object Model (POM) in building a large-scale multimodule Maven project.

Chapter 3, Maven Configuration, discusses how to customize the Maven configuration at three different levels: the global level, the user level, and the project level for optimal use.

Chapter 4, Build Lifecycles, discusses the Maven build lifecycles in detail. A Maven build lifecycle consists of a set of well-defined phases. Each phase groups a set of goals defined by Maven plugins and the lifecycle defines the order of execution of the phases.

Chapter 5, Maven Plugins, explains the usage of key Maven plugins and demonstrates how to build custom plugins. All the useful functionalities in the build process are developed as Maven plugins. One could also easily call Maven, a plugin execution framework.

Chapter 6, Maven Assemblies, explains how to build custom assemblies with the Maven assembly plugin. The Maven assembly plugin produces a custom archive, which adheres to a user-defined layout. This custom archive is also known as the Maven assembly. In other words, it's a distribution unit that is built according to a custom layout.

Chapter 7, Maven Archetypes, explains how to use existing archetypes and how to build custom Maven archetypes. Maven archetypes provide a way of reducing repetitive work in building Maven projects. There are thousands of archetypes out there that are available freely to assist you in building different types of projects.

Chapter 8, Maven Repository Management, discusses the pros and cons of using a Maven repository manager. This chapter further explains how to use Nexus as a repository manager and configure it as a hosted, proxied, and group repository.

Chapter 9, Best Practices, looks at and highlights some of the best practices to be followed in a large-scale development project with Maven. It is always recommended to follow best practices, as they will drastically improve developers' productivity and reduce maintenance nightmares.

What you need for this book

To proceed with the examples that are presented in this book, you will need the following software:

Apache Maven 3.2.x, which can be downloaded from http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi

Java 1.6+ SDK, which can be downloaded from http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html

Microsoft Windows, Linux, or Mac OS X operating systems

Who this book is for

If you are working with Java or Java EE projects and you want to take the fullest advantage of Maven in designing, executing, and maintaining your build system for optimal developer productivity, then this book is ideal for you. It is also particularly useful if you are a developer or an architect. You should be well versed with Maven and its basic functionalities if you wish to get the most out of this book.

Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: When you type mvn clean install, Maven will execute all the phases in the default lifecycle up to and including the install phase.

A block of code is set as follows:

  [...]

    [...]

        org.apache.maven.plugins

        maven-compiler-plugin

        3.1

          1.7

          1.7

    [...]

  [...]

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:

  [...]

    [...]

        org.apache.maven.plugins

        maven-compiler-plugin

        3.1

1.7

1.7

    [...]

  [...]

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

$ mvn install:install

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: Click on the Add button in the Role Management section and select Repo: All Maven Repositories (Full Control), as shown in the upcoming screenshot.

Note

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tip

Tips and tricks appear like this.

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Downloading the example code

You can download the example code files from your