Chng 1: ESTE LIPIT

Bi 1: Thc hin phn ng x phng ho cht hu c X n chc vi dung dch NaOH thu c mt mui
Y v ancol Z. t chy hon ton 2,07 gam Z cn 3,024 lt O
2
(ktc) thu c lng CO
2
nhiu hn khi
lng nc l 1,53 gam. Nung Y vi vi ti xt thu c kh T c t khi so vi khng kh bng 1,03. CTCT
ca X l:
A. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
C. C
2
H
5
COOC
3
H
7
D. C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5



Bi 2: un 20,4 gam mt cht hu c A n chc vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1 M thu c mui B v
hp cht hu c C. Cho C phn ng vi Na d thu c 2,24 lit H
2
(ktc). Nung B vi NaOH rn thu c kh
D c t khi i vi O
2
bng 0,5. Khi oxi ha C bng CuO c cht hu c E khng phn ng vi
AgNO
3
/NH
3
. Xc nh CTCT ca A?
A. CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
B. CH
3
COO-CH(CH
3
)
2
C. C
2
H
5
COOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
D.
C
2
H
5
COOCH(CH
3
)
2



Bi 3: X l mt cht hu c n chc c M = 88. Nu em un 2,2 gam X vi dung dch NaOH d, thu
c 2,75 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca cht no sau y ph hp vi X:
A. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
. B. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOH. C. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
. D. HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2
.
Lu : + Nu bi cho bit X (c th l axit hoc este, c cng thc RCOOR) phn ng vi NaOH, m
m
mui
> m
X
th R < M
Na
= 23. R ch c th l H- hoc CH
3
-
+ Nu cho r X l este m c m
mui
> m
este
th n phi l este ca ancol CH
3
OH (M
R
= 15, R l
CH
3
-)

VD: Cho 4,2 g este n chc no E tc dng ht vi dung dch NaOH ta thu c 4,76 g mui natri. Vy cng
thc cu to ca E c th l:
A CH
3
COOCH
3
B. HCOOCH
3
C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D. HCOOC
2
H
5
Bi 4: X l mt este no n chc, c t khi hi i vi CH
4
l 5,5. Nu em un 2,2 gam este X vi
dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: ( khi B 2007)
A. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
. B. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
. C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D. HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2
.

Bi 5: Cho 20 gam cht hu c X (ch cha C, H, O v mt loi nhm chc) c t khi hi so vi O
2
bng
3,125, tc dng vi 0,3 mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 23,2 gam b rn. CTCT ca X c
th l:
A. CH
3
COOCH=CH-CH
3
. B. C
2
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
. C. CH
2
CH=CHCOOCH
3
. D.
CH
2
=CHCOOC
2
H
5
.

Bi 6: un nng 0,1 mol este no, n chc mch h X vi 30 ml dung dch 20% (D = 1,2 g/ml) ca mt
hiroxit kim loi kim A. Sau khi kt thc phn ng x phng ho, c cn dung dch th thu c cht rn Y
v 4,6 gam ancol Z, bit rng Z b oxi ho bi CuO thnh sn phm c kh nng phn ng trng bc. t chy
cht rn Y th thu c 9,54 gam mui cacbonat, 8,26 gam hn hp CO
2
v hi nc. Cng thc cu to ca
X l:
A. CH
3
COOCH
3
B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
C. HCOOCH
3
D. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3



2. Thu phn hn hp cc este
Bi 7: Mt hn hp A gm 2 este n chc X, Y (M
X
< M
y
). un nng 12,5 gam hn hp A vi mt
lng dung dch NaOH va thu c 7,6 gam hn hp ancol no B, n chc c khi lng phn t hn
km nhau 14 vC v hn hp hai mui Z. t chy 7,6 gam B thu c 7,84 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 9 gam H
2
O.
Phn trm khi lng ca X, Y trong hn hp A ln lt l:
A. 59,2%; 40,8% B. 50%; 50% C. 40,8%; 59,2% C. 66,67%; 33,33%

3. Thu phn este a chc
+ R(COOR)
n
+ nNaOH R(COONa)
n
+ nROH , n
ancol
= n.n
mui
+ (RCOO)
n
R + nNaOH nRCOONa + R(OH)
n
, n
mui
= n.n
ancol

+ R(COO)
n
R + nNaOH R(COONa)
n
+ R(OH)
n
, n
ancol
= n
mui

Bi 8: Cho 0,01 mol mt este X ca axit hu c phn ng va vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2 M, sn
phm to thnh ch gm mt ancol Y v mt mui Z vi s mol bng nhau. Mt khc, khi x phng ho hon
ton 1,29 gam este bng mt lng va l 60 ml dung dch KOH 0,25 M, sau khi phn ng kt thc em
c cn dung dch c 1,665 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca este X l:
A. C
2
H
4
(COO)
2
C
4
H
8
B. C
4
H
8
(COO)
2
C
2
H
4
C. C
2
H
4
(COOC
4
H
9
)
2
D. C
4
H
8
(COO C
2
H
5
)
2



Bi 9: un nng 7,2 gam este X vi dung dch NaOH d. Phn ng kt thc thu c glixerol v 7,9 gam
hn hp mui. Cho ton b hn hp mui tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
long thu c 3 axit hu c no, n chc,
mch h Y, Z, T. Trong Z, T l ng phn ca nhau, Z l ng ng k tip ca Y. Cng thc cu to ca
X l:
A.

B.

C.

D. A hoc B




Dng 02: Bi ton v phn ng este ho.

c im ca phn ng este ho l thun nghch nn c th gn vi cc dng bi ton:

1. Tnh hiu sut phn ng este ho:


2. Tnh lng este to thnh hoc axit cacboxylic cn dng, lng ancol
* Ch : Nu tin hnh phn ng este ha gia mt ancol n chc vi m axit cacboxylic n chc th s este
ti a c th thu c l:

< +
=
+
n m n m m
n m
n n
, ) 1 )( 1 ( 2
,
2
) 1 (
(C th chng minh cc cng thc ny v mt ton
hc)
Bi 1: Hn hp A gm axit axetic v etanol. Chia A thnh ba phn bng nhau.
+ Phn 1 tc dng vi Kali d thy c 3,36 lt kh thot ra.
+ Phn 2 tc dng vi Na
2
CO
3
d thy c 1,12 lt kh CO
2
thot ra. Cc th tch kh o ktc.
+ Phn 3 c thm vo vi git dung dch H
2
SO
4
, sau un si hn hp mt thi gian. Bit hiu sut ca
phn ng este ho bng 60%. Khi lng este to thnh l bao nhiu?
A. 8,80 gam B. 5,20 gam C. 10,56 gam D. 5,28 gam
Bi 2: t chy hon ton 1 mol axit cacboxylic n chc X cn 3,5 mol O
2
. Trn 7,4 gam X vi lng
ancol no Y (bit t khi hi ca Y so vi O
2
nh hn 2). un nng hn hp vi H
2
SO
4
lm xc tc. Sau khi
phn ng hon ton thu c 8,7 gam este Z (trong Z khng cn nhm chc no khc). Cng thc cu to ca
Z l:
A. C
2
H
5
COOCH
2
CH
2
OCOC
2
H
5
B. C
2
H
3
COOCH
2
CH
2
OCOC
2
H
3
C. CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
2
OCOCH
3
D. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
OCOH

Dng 03: Bi ton v phn ng t chy este
- t cng thc ca este cn tm c dng: C
x
H
y
O
z
( x, z 2; y l s chn; y s 2x )
Phn ng chy: O H
y
xCO O
z y
x O H C
t
z y x 2 2 2
2
)
2 4
(
0
+ + +
1. Nu t chy este A m thu c
O H
n
2
=
2
CO
n Este A l este no, n chc, mch h
2. Nu t chy axit cacboxylic a chc hoc este a chc, s c t 2 lin kt t tr ln
O H
n
2
<
2
CO
n
3. Phn ng t chy mui C
n
H
2n+1
COONa: 2C
n
H
2n+1
COONa + (3n+1)O
2
Na
2
CO
3
+ (2n+1)CO
2
+
(2n+1)H
2
O
CH
2
CH
CH
2
OCOC
2
H
5
OCOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
OCOCH(CH
3
)
2
CH
2
CH
CH
2
OCOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
OCOC
2
H
5
OCOCH(CH
3
)
2
CH
2
CH
CH
2
OCOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
OCOCH(CH
3
)
2
OCOC
2
H
3
RCOOR' + H
2
O
H
2
SO
4
, t
0
RCOOH + R'-OH
H =
l- ng este thu - c theo thc t
l- ng este thu - c theo lthuyt
. 100%
Bi 1: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp hai este X, Y, n chc, no, mch h cn 3,976 lt oxi (ktc)
thu c 6,38 gam CO
2
. Cho lng este ny tc dng va vi KOH thu c hn hp hai ancol k tip v
3,92 gam mui ca mt axit hu c. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l
A. C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
v C
2
H
5
COOC
3
H
7
B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5

C. CH
3
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D. HCOOC
3
H
7
v HCOOC
4
H
9



Bi 2: t chy 0,8 gam mt este X n chc c 1,76 gam CO
2
v 0,576 gam H
2
O. Cho 5 gam X tc dng
vi lng NaOH va , c cn dung dch sau phn ng c 7 gam mui khan Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung
dch axit long thu c Z khng phn nhnh. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. B. C. D. CH
2
=CH-COOC
2
H
5


Dng 04: Bi ton hn hp este v cc cht hu c khc ( ancol, axit cacboxylic, ...)
Khi u bi cho 2 chc hu c khi tc dng vi NaOH hoc KOH m to ra:
+ 2 mui v 1 ancol th c kh nng 2 cht hu c l
-RCOOR v RCOOR c n
NaOH
= n
ROH

- Hoc: RCOOR v RCOOH c n
NaOH
> n
ROH

+ 1 mui v 1 ancol c nhng kh nng sau
- RCOOR v ROH
- Hoc: RCOOR v RCOOH
- Hoc: RCOOH v ROH
+ 1 mui v 2 ancol th c nhng kh nng sau
- RCOOR v RCOOR
- Hoc: RCOOR v ROH

Bi 1: Hn hp A gm ba cht hu c X, Y, Z n chc ng phn ca nhau, u tc dng c vi NaOH.
un nng 13,875 gam hn hp A vi dung dch NaOH va thu c 15,375 gam hn hp mui v hn hp
ancol c t khi hi so vi H
2
bng 20,67. 136,5
0
C, 1 atm th tch hi ca 4,625 gam X bng 2,1 lt. Phn
trm khi lng ca X, Y, Z (theo th t KLPT gc axit tng dn) ln lt l:
A. 40%; 40%; 20% B. 40%; 20%; 40% C. 25%; 50%; 25% D. 20%; 40%; 40%

Dng 05: Bi ton xc nh cc ch s ca cht bo: ch s axit, ch s x phng ho, ch s este, ch s
iot...
1. Ch s axit (a
axit
): l s mg KOH cn trung ho axit bo t do c trong 1 gam cht bo
2. Ch s x phng ho (a
xp
): l s mg KOH cn x phng ho glixerit v trung ho axit bo t do c trong
1 g cht bo
3. Ch s este (a
este
): l s mg KOH cn x phng ho glixerit ca 1 gam cht bo
Bi 1: x phng ho 35 kg triolein cn 4,939 kg NaOH thu c 36,207 kg x phng. Ch s axit ca mu
cht bo trn l:
A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10

Bi 2: Mt loi cht bo c ch s x phng ho l 188,72 cha axit stearic v tristearin. trung ho axit t
do c trong 100 g mu cht bo trn th cn bao nhiu ml dung dch NaOH 0,05 M
A. 100 ml B. 675 ml C. 200 ml D. 125 ml

C. Bi tp vn dng
I. Hon thnh s phn ng
Cu 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng di dng tng qut v ly VD hon thnh cc phn ng sau:
1. Este + NaOH 1 mui + 1 ancol 2. Este + NaOH 1 mui + 2 ancol
3. Este + NaOH 2 mui + 1 ancol 4. Este + NaOH n (phn t) mui + m (phn t)
ancol
5. Este + NaOH 1 mui + 1 andehit 6. Este + NaOH 1 mui + 1 xeton
7. Este + NaOH 2 mui + nc. 8. Este + NaOH 2 mui + 1 ancol + nc
9. Este + NaOH 1 sn phm duy nht
Cu 2. Hon thnh cc phn ng theo s sau (di dng cng thc cu to).
1. C
3
H
4
O
2
+ NaOH (A) + (B)
2. (A) + H
2
SO
4
(long) (C) + (D)
3. (C) + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
+ H
2
O (E) + Ag + NH
4
NO
3

C
O
O
C
O
O
CH
3
C
O
O
+
4. (B) + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
+ H
2
O (F) + Ag + NH
4
NO
3

Cu 3. Hon thnh cc s phn ng sau:


II. Bi tp trc nghim
Bi 1: Thu phn 11,18 gam este X n chc, mch h (c xc tc axit) n khi phn ng hon ton thu c
hn hp hai cht hu c Y v Z. Cho Y, Z phn ng vi dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
d thu c 56,16 gam Ag.
Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. HCOOC(CH
3
)=CH
2
B. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
C. HCOOCH=CHCH
3
D. HCOOCH
2
CH=CH
2


Bi 2: Este X no n chc lu ngy b thu phn mt phn to ra 2 cht hu c Y v Z. Mun trung ho
lng axit to ra t 13,92 gam X phi dng 15 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5 M. x phng ho lng este cn li
phi dng thm 225 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5 M. Nu oxi ho Y s c mt anehit c mch phn nhnh. Khi
ho hi 0,4 gam Z c th tch bng th tch ca 0,214 gam O
2
. Cng thc este X l:
A. CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
B. CH
3
COOCH
2
CH(CH
3
)
2
C. CH
3
COOCH(CH
3
)CH
2
CH
3
D. C
2
H
5
COOCH
2
CH(CH
3
)
2


Bi 3: X phng ho 3,52 gam este X c to ra t axit n chc v ancol n chc bng dung dch NaOH
va c mui Y v ancol Z. Nung nng Y vi oxi thu c 2,12 gam Natri cacbonat, kh CO
2
v hi
nc. Ancol Z c chia lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng vi Na va thu c kh H
2
c s
mol bng s mol ancol phn ng v 1,36 gam mui. Phn 2 cho tc dng vi CuO d, nung nng c cht
hu c T c phn ng trng bc. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. HCOOC
2
H
5
B. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3

Bi 4: X phng ho este X n chc, no ch thu c mt cht hu c Y cha Na. C cn, sau thm
NaOH/CaO ri nung nng thu c mt ancol Z v mt mui v c. t chy hon ton ancol ny thu c
CO
2
v hi nc theo t l v th tch l 2 : 3. Cng thc phn t ca este X l:
A. C
4
H
6
O
2
B. C
3
H
6
O
2
C. C
2
H
4
O
2
D. C
3
H
4
O
2


Bi 5: Hai este n chc X, Y l ng phn ca nhau. Khi ho hi 7,77 gam X thu c th tch hi ng
bng th tch ca 3,36 gam O
2
(o cng iu kin). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. HCOOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOCH
3
B. C
2
H
3
COOC
2
H
5
v C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
3
C. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2


Bi 6: X phng ho hon ton 9,7 gam hn hp hai este n chc X, Y cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5 M.
Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c hn hp hai ancol ng ng k tip v mt mui duy nht. Cng
thc cu to thu gn ca 2 este l:
A. H-COO-CH
3
v H-COO-CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
. B. CH
3
COO-CH
3
v CH
3
COO-CH
2
CH
3
.
C. C
2
H
5
COO-CH
3
v C
2
H
5
COO-CH
2
CH
3
. D. H-COO-CH
3
v H-COO-CH
2
CH
3
.

Bi 7: Hn hp A gm ba cht hu c n chc X, Y, Z. Cho 4,4 gam hn hp A phn ng va vi 250 ml
dung dch NaOH 0,2 M. C cn dung dch thu c 4,1 gam mt mui khan v thu c 1,232 lt hi mt
ancol duy nht ( 27,3
0
C; 1 atm). Cng thc ca X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. CH
3
COOH; CH
3
CH
2
OH; CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
B. HCOOH; CH
3
CH
2
OH; HCOOC
2
H
5

C. C
2
H
5
COOH; CH
3
CH
2
OH; C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
D. CH
2
=CH-COOH; CH
3
CH
2
OH; CH
2
=CH-COOC
2
H
5


Bi 8: Ho hi 2,64 gam hn hp hai este X, Y ng phn ca nhau thu c th tch hi bng th tch ca
0,84 gam kh nit cng iu kin, nhit , p sut. Nu un hn hp X, Y vi mt lng dung dch NaOH
d n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 2,32 gam hn hp hai mui ca hai axit k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. HCOOC
3
H
7
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
B. HCOOC
3
H
7
v HCOOC
3
H
7

+
C. HCOOC
3
H
7
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
3
D. C A, B u ng

Bi 9: Hn hp X gm 2 cht hu c mch h, cha cng mt loi nhm chc ho hc. Khi un nng 47,2
gam hn hp X vi lng d dung dch NaOH th thu c mt ancol n chc v 38,2 gam hn hp mui
ca 2 axit hu c n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Mt khc, nu t chy ht 9,44 gam hn hp
X cn va 12,096 lt kh O
2
, thu c 10,304 lt kh CO
2
. Cc kh o ktc. Cng thc cu to ca cc cht
trong X l:
A. HCOOCH
2
-CH=CH
2
v CH
3
COOCH
2
-CH=CH
2
B. CH
3
COOCH
2
-CH=CH
2
v C
2
H
5
COOCH
2
-
CH=CH
2

C. CH
2
=CHCOOCH
2
CH
3
v CH
3
CH=CHCOOCH
2
CH
3
D. CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
v CH
3
CH=CHCOOCH
3

Bi 10: un nng 7,66 gam hn hp A gm X, Y l hai cht hu c n chc, c cng loi nhm chc, vi 95
ml dung dch NaOH 1 M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c hn hp hai mui
ca hai axit k tip nhau trong dy ng ng v mt ancol Z, c t khi so vi khng kh bng 1,59. Phn
trm khi lng ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. 48%; 52% B. 45,60%; 54,40% C. 50%; 50% D. 48,30%; 51,70%

Bi 11: Hn hp X gm hai este n chc, l ng phn ca nhau. cng iu kin v nhit , p sut, t
khi hi ca X so vi khng kh l 3,03. Nu x phng ho hon ton 22 gam X bng 250 ml dung dch KOH
1,25 M (H = 100%) thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c 29,75 gam cht rn khan. Cho lng
cht rn tc dng vi axit HCl d thu c hn hp hai axit k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Thnh phn %
v khi lng cc este trong hn hp X ln lt l:
A. 50%; 50% B. 60%; 40% C. 45; 65% D. 75%; 25%

Bi 12: X l este mch h do axit no A v ancol no B to ra. Khi cho 0,2 mol X phn ng vi NaOH thu c
32,8 gam mui. t chy 1 mol B cn dng 2,5 mol O
2
. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. (C
2
H
5
COO)
2
C
2
H
4
. B. (HCOO)
2
C
2
H
4
. C. (CH
3
COO)
2
C
2
H
4
. D. (HCOO)
3
C
3
H
5
.

Bi 13: Cho hp cht X (cha C, H, O), c mch C khng phn nhnh, ch cha mt loi nhm chc tc dng
va ht 91,5 ml dung dch NaOH 25% (D = 1,28 g/ml). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch
Y cha mt mui ca axit hu c, hai ancol n chc, no ng ng lin tip trung ho hon ton dung
dch Y cn dng 153 ml dung dch HCl 4 M. C cn dung dch sau khi trung ho th thu c hn hp hai
ancol c t khi hi so vi H
2
l 26,5 v 47,202 gam hn hp mui khan. Hp cht X c cng thc cu to l:
A. C
3
H
7
OOC-C
4
H
8
-COOC
2
H
5
B. CH
3
OOC-C
3
H
6
-COO-C
3
H
7

C. C
3
H
7
OOC-C
2
H
4
-COOC
2
H
5
D. C
2
H
5
OOC-C
3
H
6
-COO-C
3
H
7


Bi 14: X l mt este a chc to bi mt ancol no, mch h, ba chc Y v mt axit Z khng no, n chc l
dn xut ca mt olefin. Trong X cacbon chim 56,7% khi lng. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. (CH
3
CH=CHCOO)
3
C
3
H
5
B. (CH
2
=CHCOO)
3
C
3
H
5
C. [CH
2
=C(CH
3
)COO]
3
C
3
H
5
D. A hoc C


Bi 15: un nng 0,05 mol X vi lng va dung dch NaOH thu c 6,7 gam mui ca axit hu c a
chc B v 4,6 gam ancol n chc C. Cho ancol C bay hi 127
0
C v 1 atm s chim th tch 3,28 lt. CTPT
ca X l:
A. CH(COOCH
3
)
3
B. C
2
H
4
(COOCH
3
)
2
C. (COOC
3
H
5
)
2
D. (COOC
2
H
5
)
2


Bi 16: un nng 21,8 g cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) vi 1 lt dung dch NaOH 0,5 M thu c 24,6 g mui
ca axit n chc Y v 1 lng ancol Z. Nu cho lng ancol Z bay hi 136,5
0
C v 1,5 atm, th tch kh
thu c l 2,24 lt. Lng d NaOH c trung ho bng 2 lt dung dch HCl 0,1 M. Cng thc cu to ca
X l:
A. (CH
3
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
B. (C
2
H
5
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
C. (HCOO)
3
C
3
H
5
D. CH(COO)
3
C
3
H
5


Bi 17: Khi x phng ho 5,45 gam X c cng thc phn t C
9
H
14
O
6
dng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1 M
thu c ancol no Y v mui ca mt axit hu c. trung ho lng xt d sau phn ng phi dng ht 50
ml dung dch HCl 0,5 M. Bit rng 23 gam ancol Y khi ho hi c th tch bng th tch ca 8 gam O
2
(trong
cng iu kin). Cng thc ca X l:
A. (C
2
H
5
COO)
2
-C
3
H
5
(OH) B. (HCOO)
3
C
6
H
11

C. C
2
H
5
COO-C
2
H
4
-COO-C
2
H
4
COOH D. (CH
3
COO)
3
C
3
H
5

Bi 18: X l este ca axit A v ancol n chc B. un nng 32,34 g X vi dung dch NaOH d n khi phn
ng hon ton. C cn dung dch thu c cht rn Y v ancol B. un ancol B vi H
2
SO
4
c thu c
12,0736 lt kh Z 27,3
0
C, 1 atm v d
Z/B
= 0,609. Nung Y vi vi ti xt thu c 5,488 lt kh T duy nht c
t khi so vi hiro bng 8. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH
2
(COOC
2
H
5
)
2
B. CH
2
(COOCH
3
)
2
C. (COOC
2
H
5
)
2
D. CH
3
-COO-C
2
H
5


Bi 19: t chy a gam mt este X cn 11,76 lt O
2
(ktc), sau phn ng thu c hn hp CO
2
v hi nc.
Dn hn hp ny vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d thy khi lng bnh tng 26,04 gam v thy xut hin
42 gam kt ta trng. Bit este ny do mt axit n chc v ancol n chc to nn. Cng thc phn t ca X
l:
A. C
4
H
8
O
2
B. C
2
H
4
O
2
C. C
3
H
6
O
2
D. C
5
H
10
O
2


Bi 20: Khi t chy hon ton 2,75 gam hp cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch gm 2,8 lt
CO
2
(ktc) v 2,25 gam H
2
O. Nu cho 2,75 gam X tc dng vi NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton thu
c 3 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn ca X l:
A. Metyl propionat B. Etyl propionat C. Etyl axetat D. Isopropyl axetat

Bi 21: t chy hon ton 3,7 gam cht hu c X cn va 3,92 lt O
2
(ktc) thu c CO
2
v H
2
O c t l
mol l 1 : 1. Bit X tc dng vi KOH to ra hai cht hu c. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C
3
H
6
O
2
B. C
3
H
4
O
2
C. C
2
H
4
O
2
D. C
4
H
8
O
2


Bi 22: t chy hon 0,1 mol este X thu c 0,3 mol CO
2
v 0,3 mol H
2
O. Cho 0,1 mol X tc dng ht vi
NaOH th thu c 8,2 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HCOOC
2
H
5
B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
C. CH
3
COOCH
3
D. HCOOC
2
H
3

Bi 23: t chy hon ton m gam este X to bi ancol no, n chc, mch h v axit khng no, mch h,
n chc (thuc dy ng ng ca axit acrylic, CH
2
=CHCOOH) thu c 3,584 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 2,16 gam
H
2
O. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 1,72 g B. 4 g C. 7,44 g D. 3,44 g

Bi 24: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp cc este no, n chc, mch h. Sn phm chy c dn vo
bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d thy khi lng bnh tng 151,9 gam. Khi lng kt ta to ra l:
A. 245 gam B. 482,65 gam C. 325 gam D. 165 gam

Bi 25: t chy hon ton 6,24 gam mt este X (M
A
< 180) cn 6,272 lt kh oxi (ktc). Sn phm chy
c hp th hon ton vo dung dch nc vi trong d thy c m gam kt ta, khi lng dung dch nc
vi trong gim 12,8 gam. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C
4
H
6
O
2
B. C
7
H
10
O
2
C. C
7
H
8
O
4
D. C
7
H
10
O
4


Bi 26: Hn hp X gm axit fomic v axit axetic (t l mol 1 : 1). Ly 6,36 gam X tc dng vi 6,9 gam ancol
etylic (xc tc H
2
SO
4
) thu c 7,776 gam hn hp este, hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ho bng nhau. Gi
tr ca H l:
A. 60% B. 80% C. 85% D. 50%

Bi 27: Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH
3
COOH (t l mol 1 : 1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng vi
5,75 gam C
2
H
5
OH (c xc tc H
2
SO
4
c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ho u
bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l: ( H khi A 2007)
A. 10,12. B. 6,48 C. 8,10 D. 16,20.

Bi 28: Cho 0,1 mol glixerol phn ng vi 0,15 axit axetic c xc tc H
2
SO
4
c, thu c m gam este B
(khng cha chc khc) vi hiu sut phn ng l 80%. Gi tr m l:
A. 8,72 g B. 14,02 g C. 13,10 g D. p n khc.

Bi 29: Khi cho 58,5 gam mt cht bo c thnh phn chnh l tristearin phn ng vi dung dch iot th thy
cn mt dung dch cha 9,91 gam iot. Ch s iot ca mu cht bo trn l:
A. 16,93 B. 16,39 C. 19,63 D. 13,69

Bi 30: Khi x phng ho 0,9 gam cht bo cn 24 ml dung dch KOH 0,25 M. Ch s x phng ho ca mu
cht bo l:
A. 37,333 B. 3,733 C. 0,3733 D. 373,33
Cu 2(A-2012): Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Cht bo c gi chung l triglixerit hay triaxylglixerol
(b) Cht bo nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c
(c) Phn ng thy phn cht bo trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch.
(d) Tristearin v triolein c cng thc ln lt l (C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
v (C
17
H
35
COO)
3
C
3
H
5

S pht biu ng l:
A. 4 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
Cu 34: Hn hp X gm axit fomic, axit oxalic, axit axetic v axit acrylic. Cho m gam X phn ng
ht vi NaHCO
3
thu c 1,344 lt kh CO
2
(kc). t chy hon ton m gam X cn dng 2,016 lt
kh O
2
(kc) thu c 4,84g CO
2
v a gam nc. Gi tr ca a l



Cu 4: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai este ng phn cn dng 27,44 lt kh O
2,
thu
c 23,52 lt kh CO
2
v 18,9 gam H
2
O. Nu cho m gam X tc dng ht vi 400 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M, c cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c 27,9 gam cht rn khan, trong c a mol
mui Y v b mol mui Z (M
y
< M
z
). Cc th tch kh u o iu kin tiu chun. T l a : b l
A. 2 : 3 B. 4 : 3 C. 3 : 2 D. 3 : 5
Cu 5: Thy phn este X mch h c cng thc phn t C
4
H
6
O
2
, sn phm thu c c kh nng
trng bc. S este X tha mn tnh cht trn l
A. 4 B. 3 C. 6 D. 5
Cu 13: Cho 21 gam hn hp gm glyxin v axit axetic tc dng va vi dung dch KOH, thu
c dung dch X cha 32,4 gam mui. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c dung dch
cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 44,65 B. 50,65 C. 22,35 D. 33,50
Cu 16: S trieste khi thy phn u thu c sn phm gm glixerol, axit CH
3
COOH v axit
C
2
H
5
COOH l
A. 9 B. 4 C. 6 D. 2
Cu 24: Hn hp X gm 0,15 mol vinylaxetilen v 0,6 mol H
2
. Nung nng hn hp X (xc tc Ni)
mt thi gian, thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H
2
bng 10. Dn hn hp Y qua dung dch Brom
d, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng brom tham gia phn ng l
A. 0 gam B. 24 gam C. 8 gam D. 16 gam
Cu 33: un nng m gam hn hp X gm cc cht c cng mt loi nhm chc vi 600 ml dung
dch NaOH 1,15M, thu c dung dch Y cha mui ca mt axit cacboxylic n chc v 15,4 gam
hi Z gm cc ancol. Cho ton b Z tc dng vi Na d, thu c 5,04 lt kh H
2
(ktc). C cn dung
dch Y, nung nng cht rn thu c vi CaO cho n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 7,2
gam mt cht kh. Gi tr ca m l
A. 40,60 B. 22,60 C. 34,30 D. 34,51
Cu 37: Este X l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t l C
9
H
10
O
2
. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH, to ra hai mui u c phn t khi ln hn 80. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
3
COOCH
2
C
6
H
5
B. HCOOC
6
H
4
C
2
H
5

C. C
6
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
D. C
2
H
5
COOC
6
H
5
Cu 39: Cho phng trnh ha hc : 2X + 2NaOH 2CH
4
+ K
2
CO
3
+ Na
2
CO
3

Cht X l
A. CH
2
(COOK)
2
B. CH
2
(COONa)
2
C. CH
3
COOK D. CH
3
COONa