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TCVN

TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 5438 : 2004


Xut bn ln 2

Xi mng thut ng v nh ngha


Cements Terminology and definitions

H Ni - 2004

TCVN 5438 : 2004

TCVN 5438 : 2004

Li ni u
TCVN 5438 : 2004 thay th TCVN 5438 : 1991. TCVN 5438 : 2004 do Ban K thut Tiu chun TCVN/TC74 Xi mng - Vi ho n thin trn c s d tho ca Vin Vt liu xy dng, B Xy dng ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng xt duyt, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ban h nh.

TCVN 5438 : 2004

TCVN 5438 : 2004

Tiu chun vit nam

TCVN 5438 : 2004


Xut bn ln 2

Xi mng Thut ng v nh ngha


Cements Terminology and definitions

1 Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun n y quy nh cc thut ng v nh ngha lin quan n loi, th nh phn v tnh cht k thut ca xi mng.

2 Thut ng, nh ngha


Cc thut ng s dng trong tiu chun n y c nh ngha nh sau: 2.1 Cc thut ng lin quan n tn gi cc loi xi mng 2.1.1 Xi mng (hydraulic cement) Cht kt dnh thu dng bt mn, khi trn vi nc th nh dng h do, c kh nng ng rn trong khng kh v trong nc nh phn ng ha l, th nh vt liu dng . 2.1.2 Xi mng alumin (aluminate cement) Xi mng (2.1.1) c nghin t clanhke xi mng alumin (2.2.2). 2.1.3 Xi mng vi (lime stone cement) Xi mng poc lng hn hp (2.1.12) ch c ph gia vi. 2.1.4 Xi mng ging khoan du kh (oil well cement) Xi mng poc lng c bit bm trm cc ging khoan du kh.

TCVN 5438 : 2004


2.1.5 Xi mng t kim (low alkali cement) Xi mng (2.1.1) cha h m lng kim quy i ra Na2O (Na2Oq = %Na2O + 0,658% K2O), khng ln hn 0,6 %. 2.1.6 Xi mng k m (hydrophobic cement) Xi mng (2.1.1) chm ht m do c cha ph gia k m. 2.1.7 Xi mng mc cao (high strength cement) Xi mng (2.1.1) c mc khng nh hn 50. 2.1.8 Xi mng n (expansive cement) Xi mng (2.1.1) c kh nng tng th tch theo qui nh trong qu trnh thu ho v ng rn. 2.1.9 Xi mng poc lng (portland cement) Xi mng c nghin mn t clanhke xi mng poc lng (2.2.3) vi thch cao. 2.1.10 Xi mng poc lng bn sun pht (sulfate resisting portland cement) Xi mng poc lng (2.1.9) khi ng rn c kh nng hn ch tc ng xm thc ca mi trng sun pht. 2.1.11 Xi mng poc lng ng rn nhanh (rapid hardenning cement) Xi mng poc lng (2.1.9) pht trin cng cao tui sm. 2.1.12 Xi mng poc lng hn hp (blended portland cement) Xi mng poc lng c ph gia khong. Loi v chun ring. 2.1.13 Xi mng poc lng t ta nhit (low heat portland cement) Xi mng poc lng c lng nhit ta ra trong qu trnh ng rn, t hn xi mng poc lng thng dng v c qui nh theo tiu chun ring. 6 lng ph gia pha v o theo quy nh ca tiu

TCVN 5438 : 2004


2.1.14 Xi mng poc lng puzolan (pozzolan portland cement) Xi mng poc lng c ph gia puzolan. Lng ph gia pha v o theo quy nh ca tiu chun ring. 2.1.15 Xi mng poc lng trng (white portland cement) Xi mng c nghin t clanhke xi mng poc lng trng vi thch cao, c th c ph gia trng. 2.1.16 Xi mng xy trt (masonry cement) Cht kt dnh thu dng bt mn, th nh phn gm clanhke xi mng poc lng (2.2.3) v ph gia khong (2.2.10), c th c ph gia hu c. Khi nh o trn vi ct v nc thu c va ti c tnh cng tc ph hp xy v ho n thin. 2.1.17 Xi mng poc lng x l cao (blast furnace portland cement) Xi mng poc lng c ph gia x ht l cao. Lng ph gia pha v o theo quy nh ca tiu chun.

2.2 Cc thut ng lin quan n hp phn xi mng 2.2.1 Clanhke xi mng (cement clinker) Sn phm cha cc pha (khong) c tnh cht kt dnh thu lc, nhn c bng cch nung n kt khi hay nng chy hn hp cc nguyn liu xc nh (phi liu). 2.2.2 Clanhke xi mng alumin (calcium aluminate cement clinker) Clanhke c cha ch yu cc khong canxi aluminat baz thp. 2.2.3 Clanhke xi mng poc lng (portland cement clinker) Clanhke xi mng (2.2.1) cha cc khong canxi silict, canxi aluminat v canxi fero aluminat vi t l xc nh. 2.2.4 Clanhke xi mng poc lng trng (white portland cement clinker) Clanhke xi mng (2.2.3) c m u trng, sn xut t nguyn liu cha t st.

TCVN 5438 : 2004


2.2.5 Clanhke xi mng sun pht ha (sulfated cement clinker) Clanhke xi mng (2.2.1) c cha ch yu cc khong canxi sunpho aluminat v silicat. 2.2.6 Khong clanhke (clinker mineral) Khong tng hp chim th nh phn chnh trong clanhke, c hnh th nh trong qu trnh nung luyn clanhke. 2.2.7 Pha clanhke (phase of clinker) Cc hp phn to th nh clanhke cc dng dung dch rn trn c s cc khong clanhke (2.2.6), pha thu tinh v cc oxt ring bit hoc pha thu tinh. 2.2.8 Ph gia cng ngh (processing admixture) Ph gia c a v o trong qu trnh nghin xi mng ci thin qu trnh cng ngh, tnh cht ca xi mng (v d cht tr nghin, k m). 2.2.9 Ph gia y (filler) Ph gia khong (2.2.10) pha v o xi mng dng nghin mn, ch yu ci thin th nh phn c ht v cu trc xi mng. 2.2.10 Ph gia khong (mineral additives) Vt liu v c thin nhin hoc nhn to pha v o xi mng dng nghin mn t c ch tiu cht lng yu cu v khng gy nh hng xu n tnh cht ca xi mng, b tng v ct thp. Ph gia khong c chia l m 2 loi: ph gia y(2.2.9) v ph gia khong hot tnh (2.2.12). 2.2.11 Ph gia khong ha (mineralization admixture) Hp cht c trong t nhin hoc nhn to c a v o phi liu thc y s hnh th nh cc khong ca clanhke trong qu trnh nung luyn. canxi sunpho

TCVN 5438 : 2004


2.2.12 Ph gia khong hot tnh (active mineral additives) Ph gia khong (2.2.10) c a v o xi mng dng nghin mn c tnh cht thy lc hoc puzolan. 2.2.13 Ph gia k m (hydrophobic admixture) Ph gia cng ngh (2.2.8) c a v o trong qu trnh nghin xi mng to th nh m ng bao quanh ht xi mng, l m gim tnh ht m ca xi mng, nh ko d i thi gian bo qun xi mng. 2.2.14 Ph gia tr nghin (grinding additives) Ph gia cng ngh (2.2.8) c a v o trong qu trnh nghin nhm ci thin qu trnh nghin xi mng. 2.2.15 Ph gia xi mng (cement additives) Vt liu a v o xi mng nhm t c cc ch tiu cht lng nht nh. 2.2.16 Th nh phn ha clanhke (chemical composition of clinker) H m lng cc oxt kim loi v th nh phn khc cu th nh clanhke, c xc nh bng phng php phn tch ha hc. 2.2.17 Th nh phn khong clanhke (mineral composition of clinker) H m lng cc khong ch yu cu th nh clanhke xi mng c xc nh bng tnh ton da trn th nh phn ha clanhke hoc bng phng php ha l. 2.2.18 Th nh phn pha clanhke (phase composition of clinker) H m lng cc pha chnh ca clanhke, xc nh bng cc phng php phn tch ha l. 2.3 Cc thut ng lin quan n tnh cht k thut ca xi mng 2.3.1 n mn xi mng (diterioration of hardened cement paste) Qu trnh suy gim cht lng xi mng (2.3.3) do tc dng xm thc ca mi trng. 9

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2.3.2 Ch s hot tnh cng ca ph gia (strength activity index of mineral additives) T s gia hot tnh cng tui 28 ng y ng rn ca xi mng pha 20 % ph gia khong v ca xi mng khng pha ph gia. 2.3.3 xi mng (hardened cement paste) Vt liu cng hnh th nh sau khi h xi mng ng rn. 2.3.4 bn xm thc (resistance to chemical diterioration) Kh nng ca xi mng (2.3.3) bn trong mi trng xm thc. 2.3.5 chy ta ca h xi mng (spread of cement paste) i lng biu th s lan ta ca h xi mng trn b mt phng, xc nh bng cn tiu chun trong iu kin tiu chun. 2.3.6 co ca h xi mng (shrinkage of cement paste) i lng biu th mc gim th tch ca h xi mng trong qu trnh ng rn. 2.3.7 do tiu chun (normal consistency) i lng c trng cho do ca h xi mng biu th bng t l phn trm gia khi lng nc so vi khi lng xi mng, c xc nh theo tiu chun. 2.3.8 mn xi mng (fineness) i lng c trng cho mc nghin mn ca xi mng c xc nh theo phng php tiu chun. 2.3.9 n ca h xi mng (expansion of cement paste) i lng biu th mc tng th tch ca h xi mng trong qu trnh ng rn. 2.3.10 n nh th tch (soundness) Gii hn n ca h xi mng ng rn c xc nh theo phng php tiu chun. 10

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2.3.11 tch nc (bleeding) Lng nc tch ra trn b mt h xi mng sau khong thi gian lu mu xc nh. 2.3.12 trng ca xi mng trng (whiteness grade) i lng c trng cho mc trng ca xi mng so vi trng tuyt i. 2.3.13 Hot tnh cng ca clanhke (strength activity of clinker) Cng nn tui 28 ng y ca mu th l hn hp nghin t clanhke v mt lng thch cao xc nh, khi th trong iu kin tiu chun. 2.3.14 Hot tnh cng ca xi mng (strength activity of cement mortar) Cng nn thc t ca mu va xi mng tiu chun, khi th trong iu kin tiu chun. 2.3.15 H xi mng (cement paste) Hn hp do ca xi mng vi nc. 2.3.16 Mc xi mng (class of cement) K hiu quy c biu th cng nn ti thiu ca xi mng, nh gi theo phng php tiu chun. Xi mng t mc qui nh phi c cht lng ph hp tiu chun tng ng. 2.3.17 Nhit thy ha ca xi mng (heat of hydration of cement) Lng nhit ta ra trong qu trnh xi mng ng rn, xc nh theo phng php tiu chun. 2.3.18 S ng kt gi ca xi mng (false set) Hin tng mt tnh do tc thi ca h xi mng trong qu trnh trn vi nc, c th khc phc bng tc ng c hc. 2.3.19 Thi gian c qunh (thickning time) Khong thi gian t khi trn xi mng vi nc cho n khi qunh ca h xi mng t n gi tr quy nh theo tiu chun. 11

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2.3.20 Thi gian bt u ng kt (initial setting time) Khong thi gian t khi trn xi mng vi nc n khi h xi mng c do tiu chun bt u mt tnh do. 2.3.21 Thi gian kt thc ng kt (final setting time) Khong thi gian t khi trn xi mng vi nc cho n khi h xi mng mt ho n to n tnh do chuyn sang qu trnh ng rn. 2.3.22 Tnh cht puzolan (hot tnh puzolan) ca ph gia khong (pozzolanic activity of mineral additives) Kh nng phn ng vi canxi hydroxyt nhit thng ca ph gia khong hot tnh (2.2.12) to th nh cc hydrat c tnh kt dnh. 2.3.23 Tnh cht thu lc ca xi mng (hydraulic property of cement) Kh nng ca xi mng sau khi trn vi nc, ng rn v bn trong nc. 2.3.24 Va xi mng tiu chun (standard cement mortar) Hn hp ca xi mng v ct tiu chun vi nc theo t l quy nh.

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