o Xun Dng Lp: CLC K59 Vt l.

BI THI MN PHN TCH CHNG TRNH VT L PH THNG

NH LUT BO TON C NNG

I. 1. Mc tiu dy hc

Kin thc C nng ca vt l tng ng nng v th nng ca chng W= +

- Pht biu c nh ngha c nng v vit c cng thc tnh c nng.

- Pht biu c nh lut bo ton c nng v vit c h thc ca inh lut ny. C nng ca nhng vt ch chu tc dng ca lc th lun c bo ton W= + =

2. K nng - Thc hin cc php bin i l thuyt tm c biu thc ca nh lut. - Thit k c phng n th nghim - Lm th nghim - Thu thp s liu v x l s liu - Vn dng nh lut gii cc bi tp 3. Pht trin t duy
T

duy logic (t nh l ng nng v biu thc gim th nng

trong trng trng lc) a ra gi thuyt v s bo ton c nng

duy suy lun tng t :T trng hp trng trng lc (trng lc duy din dch trong vic xut phng n th nghim kim tra

th) sang trng hp trng lc n hi (cng l trng lc th)

T

tnh ng n ca ca nh lut (c rt ra bng con ng l thuyt). II. S logic tin trnh khoa hc xy dng kin thc Lgic tin trnh V d c th v vic xy dng kin thc mi: khoa hc dy hc nh lut bo ton c nng xy dng kin thc mi Tnh hung c vn S kin (tnh hung): +Vn mi c Xt mt vt ri t do t cao h: Trong qu pht hin trnh chuyn ng ca vt, vn tc ca vt tngng nng tng v cao ca vt gimth nng gim. Vn mi c rt ra t s kin: -Trong qu trnh chuyn ng ng nng v th nng trng trng ca vt lin tip thay i, ng nng gim th th nng tng v ngc li. -Pht biu vn -Trong qu trnh chuyn ng, liu rng gia ng (Pht biu v nhng nng v th nng c mi lin h vi nhau no quan h trong vn khng? Chnh xc mi lin h l nh th no? mi cn c nghin cu) La chn -S dng phng php l thuyt. gii php (La chn phng php nghin cu vt l). Xc nh k -T nh l ng nng v biu thc gim th hoch tin nng ca vt trong trng trng lc, lp ra c hnh mt phng trinh cha ng nng v th nng ca (Lp k vt. T phng trnh nhn xt mi lin h gia

hoch tin ng nng v th nng Gii hnh nghin -Lp lun tng t t trng hp trng trng lc quyt cu) (trng lc th) sang trng hp lc n hi vn (trng lc th) cng suy ra nh lut bo ton c nng. -Xt trng hp tng qut vi 1 trng lc th bt k, v l c trng lc v lc n hi u l lc th Thc hin Trng hp trng lc: gii Xt vt khi lng m ri t do qua 2 v tr c php(Trin cao z1, z2 c vn tc tng ng l v1 v v2 . khai theo k -p dng nh l ng nng, cng do trng lc hoch) thc hin bng tng ng nng ca vt:
A12 = W 2 W 1 =
2 mv 2 mv12 2 2

-Cng ny li bng gim th nng trong trng trng:

A12 = Wt1 Wt 2 = mgz1 mgz 2

T hai biu thc trn,ta c:

W 1 + Wt1 = W 2 + Wt 2

Hay:
2 mv12 mv 2 + mgz1 = + mgz 2 2 2

Ta gi tng ng nng v th nng ca vt l c nng. C nng ca vt trong trng trng lc l khng i(bo ton). Trng lc n hi: Xt mt con lc l xo gm vt nng m v l xo c cng k. -Lp lun tng nh trng trng lc: trong qu trnh chuyn ng,ng nng ca vt tng th th nng n hi gim v ngc li nhng c nng ca vt lun bo ton

C nng trong trng hp lc n hi l i lng bo ton. Nhn xt: Trng lc v lc n hi u l trng lc th. Ta s xt c nng ca vt trong trng lc th v trng lc khng th. Trng lc th: -V d nh :Quan st chuyn ng ca mt con lc n gm 1 vt nh c khi lng m treo u mt si dy khng dn chiu di l,u kia gi c nh. -Cho vt ln mt cao xc nh ri th vt chuyn ng t do. -Vt chuyn ng quanh v tr cn bng( vt i qua v tr cn bng, tip tc i ln chm dn,dng li cao ban u ri li i xung qua v tr cn bng,tip tc i ln). -p dng lp lun tng t nh hai trng hp trng lc v lc n hi ta cng c nh lut bo ton c nng. Kt lun: C nng ca mt vt ch chu tc dng ca nhng lc th c bo ton. Trng lc khng phi l lc th: ngoi lc th A1 vt cn chu tc dng ca lc khng th A2. -Theo nh l ng nng: (1) -Mt khc: cng ca lc th theo bin thin th nng: (2) -T (1) v (2) ta c:

C nng ca vt khng bo ton khi vt cn chu tc dng ca lc khng th ngoi lc th. Vy: bin thin c nng ca vt chu c cc lc khng th bng cng ca ngoi lc tc dng. Kt lun tm -C nng l tng ng nng v th nng thi (gi -C nng ca mt vt ch chu tc dng ca nhng thuyt) lc th lun c bo ton. (M hnh gi thuyt tru tng) Suy ra cc -ng nng tng bao nhiu th th nng gim by h qu lgc nhiu v ngc li Kim tra cc -Kim nghim nh lut bo ton c nng trong h qu bng trng hp trng lc:vt khi lng m ri t do. thc nghim +Thit k phng n th nghim: S dng b th nghim ca bi s ri t do. +Cc i lng cn o: o cao ca vttnh c gim th nng. o thi gian v qung ng ri c trong thi gian tnh v=gt gim ng nng. +B tr v tin hnh th nghim. +Kt qu o v x l s liu. +Nhn xt v rt ra kt lun. *Nhn xt: tng ng nng bng gim th nng. *Kt lun: C nng ca vt c bo ton. C nng ca mt vt ch chu tc dng ca nhng Kt lun cui cng lc th c bo ton

III. La chn cc phng php v hnh thc t chc dy hc theo hng pht trin tnh tch cc, sng to ca hc sinh.

1.Phng php dy hc.

Phng php nu v gii quyt vn S dng phng php l thuyt kt hp vi thc nghim kim tra tnh ng n ca nh lut.

2.Hnh thc t chc hot ng

Lm vic theo nhm: chia lp thnh 4 nhm tin hnh th nghim. Lm vic c nhn: x l s liu thu c, rt ra quy tc tng hp lc.

3.Phng tin dy hc
Chun b s lng b th nghim cho cc t. IV. Xc nh cc kh khn hc sinh gp phi trong qu trnh chim lnh kin thc v cch khc phc cc kh khn .

1. Kh khn
Hc sinh kh c th pht hin ra iu kin nghim ng ca nh lut bo ton c nng: l phi xt trong trng lc th.

2. Gii quyt
Sau khi cho hc sinh quan st th nghim v con lc n gip hc sinh pht hin ra vn : c s thay i lin tc gia ng nng v th nng ca vt ta s hng dn hc sinh tm ra nh lut bo ton c nng cho 2 trng hp: trng trng lc v lc n hi. Ch cho hc sinh thy : trng lc v lc n hi u l nhng lc th. Khi hc sinh s pht hin ra vn : nu khng phi l lc th, nh lut bo ton c nng c cn ng na khng? T ta s xt hai trng hp: Vt chu tc dng ca trng lc th.

Vt ngoi chu tc dng ca lc th cn chu tc dng ca lc khng th (lc ma st).