n Tt Nghip

PHN A
GII THIU

Phn A : Gii Thiu

B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC VN HIN

KHOA IN T - VIN THNG

N TT NGHIP
ti:

K THUT PHN TP KHNG GIAN

THI GIAN TRONG H THNG MNG
WCDMA

GVHD : ThS. NGUYN LAN

ANH
SVTH : NGUYN HONG DUY
MSSV : 0891020053

TP. H CH MINH 07/2011

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Li cm n

Trc tin em xin gi li cm n chn thnh su sc ti cc thy c gio

trong trng i hc Vn Hin ni chung v cc thy c gio trong khoa in t
- Vin thng ni ring tn tnh ging dy, truyn t cho em nhng kin thc,
kinh nghim qu bo trong sut thi gian qua.
c bit, em xin gi li cm n n c Nguyn Lan Anh, c nh hng
cho em ti, tn tnh gip , trc tip ch bo, hng dn em trong sut qu
trnh lm n Tt nghip. Trong thi gian lm vic vi c, em khng ngng tip
thu c nhiu kin thc b ch, m cn hc c tinh thn lm vic, thi
nghin cu khoa hc nghim tc, hiu qu, y l nhng iu rt cn thit cho em
trong qu trnh hc tp v cng tc sau ny.
Sau cng, em xin gi li cm n chn thnh n gia nh, bn b v ngi
thn ng vin, ng gp kin, ra sc gip em trong qu trnh hc tp,
nghin cu v hon thnh c n Tt nghip.

Sinh vin thc hin n

Nguyn Hong Duy

Phn A : Gii Thiu

 n Tt Nghip

Phn A : Gii Thiu

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Nhn xt ca Gio vin hng dn n Tt nghip

Tp.HCM, ngy thng nm 2012

Gio vin hng dn

ThS. Nguyn Lan Anh

Phn A : Gii Thiu

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vii

Nhn xt ca Gio vin phn bin n Tt nghip

Tp.HCM, ngy thng nm 2012

Gio vin phn bin

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LI M U
Thi i v tuyn bt u t cch y hn 100 nm vi s pht minh ra my
in bo radio ca Gudlielmo Marconi v cng ngh khng dy hin nay ang c
thit lp vi s pht trin nhanh chng a chng ta vo mt th k mi v mt k
nguyn mi. S tin b nhanh chng trong k thut v tuyn ang to ra nhiu dch
v mi v ci tin vi gi c thp hn, dn n s gia tng trong vic s dng
khong khng gian thi gian v s lng cc thu bao. Cc xu hng ny ang tip
tc tng trong nhng nm ti.
Mc tiu ca h thng thng tin th h mi l cung cp nhiu loi hnh dch v
thng tin cho mi ngi vo mi lc, mi ni. Cc dch v c cung cp cho thu
bao in thoi di ng th h mi nh truyn d liu tc cao, video v
multimeadia cng nh dch v thoi. Cng ngh tho mn c nhng yu cu ny
v lm cho cc dch v c s dng rng ri c gi l h thng di ng th h
th 3 (3G). H thng th h th 3 p ng ng k phn thiu ht cc tiu chun th
h 2 hin c, c v loi hnh ng dng v dung lng. H thng di ng s hin ti
c thit k ti u cho thng tin thoi, trong khi h thng 3G ch trng n kh
nng truyn thng a phng tin. H thng 3G in hnh hin nay l cdma2000 v
WCDMA. WCDMA l phng thc a truy cp phn chia theo m bng rng.
Trong h thng WCDMA, h s ti s dng tn s l 1, nn khi s thu bao tng
ln ng ngha vi nhiu giao thoa ng knh tng ln lm nh hng n dung
lng ca h thng. V th trong mng WCDMA phi c nhiu k thut x l tn hiu
nhm lm gim nh hng ca nhiu. Cc k thut gi l k thut phn tp tn
hiu. Trong n ny s tm hiu v k thut phn tp Khng gian - Thi gian trong
h thng mng WCDMA vi mc ch phn tp lm gim nh hng ca nhiu giao
thoa v nhiu fading ln tn hiu thng qua vic lm tng t s tn hiu trn nhiu
u ra ca mng anten dy bng cch iu khin hng bp sng ca anten dy v
hng n ca tn hiu thu v hng Null v hng n ca tn hiu nhiu giao thoa.
Ni dung n gm 5 chng :
- Chng 1:Trnh by u nhc im ca h thng WCDMA v hng gii
quyt cho nhng nhc im.
- Chng 2:Trnh by khi nim phn tp khng gian - thi gian. Phn tp
anten bng b thu Beamformer-Rake.
- Chng 3: Trnh by cc k thut x l phn tp khng gian bng b thu
Beamformer. Cc k thut x l bao gm MSNR, MSINR v MMSE.
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- Chng 4 : Trnh by cc thut ton tnh ton cho tng k thut Beamformer.
- Chng 5: Chng trnh m phng thc hin bng ngn ng Matlap gm cc
phn sau:

M phng cc gii php iu khin bp sng anten dy.

M phng gin BER ca h thng tri ph c s dng k thut

Beamforming.
M phng cht lng cc b t hp (SC, EGC, MRC) trong b thu Rake (phn
tp thi gian). nh gi bng th BER.
M phng h thng WCDMA c s dng k thut phn tp Khng gian - Thi
gian.

MC LC
Phn A : Gii thiu...................................................................................................i

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Trang ba.......................................................................................................................ii
Li cm n...................................................................................................................iii
Quyt nh giao ti..................................................................................................iv
Nhn xt ca Gio vin hng dn...............................................................................v
Nhn xt ca Gio vin phn bin...............................................................................vi
Li m u..................................................................................................................vii
Mc lc........................................................................................................................ix
Lit k hnh.................................................................................................................xii
Phn B : Ni Dung...................................................................................................1
Chng 1: H thng mng di ng WCDMA.......................................................2
Gii thiu chung............................................................................................................2
1.1. H thng thng tin di ng th h 1.......................................................................2
1.2. H thng thng tin di ng th h 2.......................................................................3
1.3. H thng thng tin di ng th h 3.......................................................................4
1.4. L trnh pht trin h thng di ng th h 2 (GSM) ln (WCDMA)....................4
1.5. Tng quan mng WCDMA....................................................................................5
1.5.1. Cc thng s chnh ca mng WCDMA.............................................................7
1.5.2. Nhng c im then cht ca mng WCDMA.................................................8
1.5.3. nh hng ca nhiu trong h thng WCDMA.................................................8
1.5.4. Tnh a dng phn tp trong h thng WCDMA..............................................10
Kt lun chng..........................................................................................................11
Chng 2: Phn Tp Khng Gian -Thi Gian....................................................12
2.1 Gii thiu...............................................................................................................12
2.2 Anten Mng...........................................................................................................12
2.2.1 Mng Anten dy.................................................................................................13
2.3 K thut Beamformer............................................................................................15
2.3.1 V d n gin ca b Beamformer trong mng ULA.......................................16
2.4 Nguyn tc ly mu trong x l khng gian.........................................................19
2.5 Li ch ca phn tp khng gian...........................................................................19
2.6 Phn tp thi gian- B thu Rake trong CDMA.....................................................19
2.6.1 Cc k thut t hp tn hiu...............................................................................20
2.6.1.1 B t hp chn lc (SC)..................................................................................21
2.6.1.2 B t hp t s ti a (MRC)...........................................................................21
2.6.1.3 B t hp cng li (EGC)..........................................................................21
2.7 B thu Beamformer_Rake.....................................................................................21
Kt lun chng..........................................................................................................22
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Chng 3: Cc K Thut Beamforming..............................................................23

3.1 Gii Thiu.............................................................................................................23
3.2 MSNR Beamforming............................................................................................23
3.2.1 K Thut MSNR................................................................................................23
3.2.2 Phng Thc ci tin SE cho Beamforming......................................................25
3.2.3 Pha Tn Hiu Trong Eigen-Beamforming..........................................................26
3.3. K thut MSINR Beamforming...........................................................................27
3.3.1 Cc i t s tn hiu trn nhiu(SINR).............................................................27
3.3.2 Xc nh gi tr cc i ca t s tn hiu trn nhiu (MSINR) ........................29
3.4 K thut MMSE Beamforming.............................................................................30
3.5 So snh 2 k thut MSINR v MMSE trong trng hp n gin.......................31
Kt lun chng..........................................................................................................33
Chng 4: Cc Thut Ton Beamforming......................................................34
4.1 n v nh gi phc tp tnh ton..................................................................34
4.2 Thut ton tnh ton trong k thut MSNR...........................................................34
4.2.1 Phng php Power...........................................................................................35
4.2.2 Phng php bi s nhn Lagrange...................................................................36
4.2.3 Phng php lin hp Gradient..........................................................................39
4.2.4 nh gi chung cc phng php......................................................................45
4.2.5 M hnh b thu MSNR Beamformer-Rake trong WCDMA..............................45
4.3 Gii php tnh ton cho k thut MSINR..............................................................46
4.3.1 Gii thiu............................................................................................................46
4.3.2 MSINR trong h thng WCDMA......................................................................46
4.3.2.1 Gii php lc s tip cn (CFA)......................................................................46
4.3.2.2 Gii php ci tin CFA (M-CFA)....................................................................47
4.3.2.3 Gii php m hoa cng (CGA)........................................................................49
4.3.3 Cc gii thut tnh ton bi ton GE...................................................................50
4.3.3.1 Phng php power.........................................................................................50
4.3.3.2 Phng php h s nhn Largrange................................................................51
4.3.3.3 Phng php o ma trn (AMI)....................................................................53
4.4 Gii php tnh ton cho k thut MMSE...............................................................56
4.4.1 Gii thiu............................................................................................................56
4.4.2 Tiu ch k thut ca phng php MMSE.......................................................56
4.4.2.1 Phng php tnh trc tip ma trn o (DMI)...............................................57
4.4.2.2 Phng php tnh tng bc...........................................................................58
4.4.2.3 Phng php LMS..........................................................................................59
4.4.3 M hnh b thu MMSE Beamformer-Rake........................................................59
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Kt lun chng..........................................................................................................60
Chng 5: Chng Trnh M Phng...............................................................61
5.1 Gii thiu chng m phng................................................................................61
5.2 Cc lu thut ton............................................................................................62
5.3 Kt qu m phng.................................................................................................65
Kt lun chng..........................................................................................................83
Kt lun v hng pht trin ti.............................................................................84
Phn C : Ph Lc V Ti Liu Tham Kho........................................................85
Ph lc.........................................................................................................................86
Cc t vit tt..............................................................................................................99
Ti liu tham kho.....................................................................................................100
Thng tin sinh vin....................................................................................................101

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LIT K HNH
Hnh 1.1 Cc gii php nng cp h thng 2G ln 3G..................................................1
Hnh 1.2 L trnh pht trin t GSM ln WCDMA......................................................5
Hnh 1.3 Phn b tn s FDD v TDD..........................................................................6
Hnh 1.4 Cc tn hiu a ng....................................................................................9
Hnh 1.5 Cc tn hiu nhiu giao thoa...........................................................................9
Hnh 2.1 Mng anten ULA..........................................................................................13
Hnh 2.2a M hnh Beamformer.................................................................................16
Hnh 2.2b Bp sng anten dy....................................................................................16
Hnh 2.3 th bc x ca anten dy i vi gc n tn hiu l 0o
v nhiu giao thoa l 45 ................................................................18
Hnh 2.4 M hnh b thu Rake....................................................................................20
Hnh 2.5 B thu Beamformer-Rake.............................................................................22
Hnh 3.1 Biu th hin th bc x ca anten ULA theo cc k
thut MSINR v MMSE....................................................................32
Hnh 3.2 Gin BER theo cc k thut MSINR v MMSE.....................................32
Hnh 4.1 Lu thut ton ca phng php bi s lagrange...................................37
Hnh 4.2 Lu thut ton ca phng php bi s lagrange c n gin......39
Hnh 4.3 Lu thut ton ca phgn php lin hp gradient.................................42
Hnh 4.4 Lu thut ton ca phng php lin hp Gradient n gin............44
Hnh 4.5 B thu Beamformer-Rake dng k thut MSNR.........................................46
Hnh 4.6 Gii tri ph trong CDMA...........................................................................47
Hnh 4.7 B thu CFA MSINR Beamformer-Rake (ng ln WCDMA)..................49
Hnh 4.8 S nguyn l cho gii php CGA............................................................49
Hnh 4.9 M hnh b thu CGA MSINR Beamformer-Rake (ng
ln WCDMA)....................................................................................50
Hnh 4.10 Lu thut ton phng php GLM (MSINR).......................................52
Hnh 4.11 Lu thut ton ca phng php AMI..................................................54
Hnh 4.12 Lu thut ton ca phng php Linear AMI (MSINR)......................56
Hnh 4.13 M hnh b thu MMSE Beamformer-Rake trong WCDMA......................60
Hnh 5.1 Lu thut ton chng m phng...........................................................62
Hnh 5.2 Lu v th beam anten dy 1-D..........................................................62
Hnh 5.3 Lu v th beam anten dy 2-D..........................................................62
Hnh 5.5 Lu m li ca h thng tri ph c phn tp.......................................63
Hnh 5.6 Lu thut ton kho st ber cc b t hp...............................................64
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Hnh 5.6 Lu thut ton kho st ber cc b t hp...............................................65

Hnh 5.8 Gii thiu chng trnh m phng...............................................................66
Hnh 5.9 Giao din chnh phn 1.................................................................................67
Hnh 5.10 th bc x ca anten vi d & khc nhau...........................................68
Hnh 5.11 th beam dng tuyn tnh ca anten dy 2D..........................................69
Hnh 5.12 th beam dng dB ca anten dy 2-D....................................................69
Hnh 5.13 th beam dng gain................................................................................70
Hnh 5.14 th beam dng bp sng........................................................................71
Hnh 5.15 th dng gain c iu khin bi phng php MSINR....................72
Hnh 5.16 th dng bp sng c iu khin bi k thut MSINR.....................73
Hnh 5.17 th bc x dng beam iu khin bi k thut MMSE.........................74
Hnh 5.18 th bc x dng bp c iu khin bi k thut MMSE..................75
Hnh 5.19 Giao din chnh phn 2...............................................................................76
Hnh 5.20 Kho st SINR u ra theo SNR&INR u vo.........................................76
Hnh 5.21Gin Ber h thng tri ph (phn tp v khng phn tp).....................77
Hnh 5.22 Giao din chnh phn 3...............................................................................78
Hnh 5.23 th SER ca b t hp SC theo s anten v SNR.................................78
Hnh 5.24 th SER ca b t hp EGC theo s anten v SNR..............................79
Hnh 5.25 th SER ca b t hp EGC theo s anten v SNR..............................79
Hnh 5.26 So snh ba b t hp..................................................................................80
Hnh 5.27 Giao din chnh phn 4...............................................................................81
Hnh 5.28 Demo m ho TCM....................................................................................82
Hnh 5.29 Xem cc gin Ber theo l thuyt...........................................................82

Phn A : Gii Thiu