I. Lu v tnh cht ha hc v iu ch thng gp khi lm ton 1. Anehit khng tc dng vi kim loi kim v dung dch kim 2.

. Phn ng cng hiro Anehit + H2 Ancol bc I Xeton + H2 Ancol bc II Tng qut: R(CHO)Z + zH2 R(CH2OH)z Nu R cha no th c phn ng cng H2 vo R 3. Phn ng oxi ha * Vi oxi R(CHO)z + z/2O2 R(COOH)z * Vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 ( Phn ng trng bc) R(CHO)z + 2zAgNO3 + 3zNH3 + zH2O R(COONH4)z + 2zNH4NO3 + 2zAg Ring anehit fomic c phn ng: HCHO + 4AgNO3 + 6NH3 + 2H2O (NH4)2CO3 + 4NH4NO3 + 4Ag * Vi Cu(OH)2 trong dung dch kim:

R(CHO)z + 2zCu(OH)2 + zNaOH R(COONa)z + zCu2O + 3zH2O Ring anehit fomic: HCHO + 4Cu(OH)2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 +2Cu2O + 6H2O * Phn ng t chy: Cng thc chung ca anehit no, n chc, mch h l CnH2nO nn khi t chy cho s mol CO2 = s mol H2O. Ngc li khi t chy anehit m c s mol CO2 = s mol H2O suy ra anehit cho l anehit no, n chc, mch h. 4. iu ch: R(CH2OH)z + zCuO R(CHO)z + zCu + 2H2O II. Lu khi gii ton 1. Nhng cht tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 Axetilen v ankin c lin kt 3 u mch tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 cho kt ta mu vng cn anehit tc dng cho Ag kt ta 2. chng minh s nhm chc - CHO trong phn t anehit thng da vo phn ng trng gng R(CHO)z + 2zAgNO3 +3zNH3 + zH2O R(COONH4)z +2zNH4NO3 + 2zAg

Da vo d kin bi ton suy ra z. Sau , xc nh anehit no hay cha no cn da vo t l s mol gia anehit v hiro 3. Nu bi ton tm cng thc ca anehit n chc th m u bi gii nn gi s anehit ny khng phi l anehit fomic, v sau khi gii xong phi th li nu l anehit fomic th c ph hp vi bi ton hay khng. 4. Tt c anehit n chc khi trng gng th:1mol anehit cho 2 mol Ag, ring anehit fomic th: 1mol anehit fomic cho 4 mol Ag nn nu tm c s mol(anehit) : s mol(Ag) = 1 : 4 th kt lun ngay l anehit fomic m khng cntm cng thc phn t. 5. S dng phng php trung bnh khi phi tm cng thc 2 anehit tr ln: - S nguyn t cacbon trung bnh - Khi lng phn t trung bnh - S nhm chc trung bnh
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