Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i S 10

Chng I: MNH - TP HP
A. KIN THC CN NH.
1.Mnh .
. Mt khng nh hoc ng hoc sai, khng th va ng va sai gi l mt mnh .
. Mt mnh cn ph thuc vo nhng gi tr ca bin s gi l mnh cha bin. Mnh cha bin x k
hiu l: P(x).
. Mnh khng phi P l mnh ph nh ca mnh P v k hiu l
P
.
. Mnh Nu P th Q c gi l mnh ko theo v k hiu l:
Q P
. Mnh
Q P
ch sai khi P
ng v Q sai.
nh l l mt mnh ng v thng c dng
Q P
.
Mnh
P Q
c gi l mnh o ca mnh
Q P
.
. Nu c hai mnh
P Q v Q P
u ng ta ni P v Q l hai mnh tng ng. Khi ta k hiu
Q P
v c l : P tng ng Q hoc P l iu kin cn v c Q, hoc P khi v ch khi Q.
. K hiu c l vi mi , ngha l tt c.
. K hiu c l c mt ( tn ti mt) hay c t nht mt .
B. BI TP
1/ Trong cc cu sau y, cu no l mnh , cu no l mnh cha bin.
a) 2011 + 1 = 2012 b) x + 10 = 1
c) x + 2y > 0 d) 5 - 0 10 <
2/ Nu mnh ph nh ca mi mnh sau v xc nh xem mnh ph nh ng hay sai:
a) P: Phng trnh x
2
x + 1 = 0 c nghim
b) Q: 17 l s nguyn t
c) R: S 963 chia ht cho 3
d) S: 25 khng th biu din thnh tng ca hai s chnh phng
3/ Pht biu mi mnh sau, bng cch s dng khi nim iu kin cn v
a) Mt hnh ch nht c hai cnh lin tip bng nhau l hnh vung v ngc li.
b) Mt tam gic c ba ng cao bng nhau l tam gic u v ngc li.
c) Mt s c tng cc ch s chia ht cho 3 th chia ht cho 3 v ngc li.
4/ Dng k hiu
,
vit cc mnh sau:
a) C s t nhin chia ht cho 11.
b) Mi s nhn vi chnh n u l s khng m.
5/ Lp mnh ph nh ca cc mnh sau:
a) P: " 2 ,
3
x x R x >
b) Q: " 4 1 :
2
+ n N n
A. KIN THC CN NH.
2. Tp hp.
. Tp hp l mt khi nim c bn ca ton hc. ch a l mt phn t ca tp hp A, ta vit a

A( c l a
thuc A). ch a khng phi l mt phn t ca tp hp A, ta vit a

A( c l a khng thuc A). Tp hp

rng k hiu l tp hp khng cha phn t no.
. Nu mi phn t ca A u l phn t ca B th ta ni A l mt tp hp con ca B v vit A

B( c l A
cha trong B). A
) ( B x A x x B
Khi A
A B v B
ta ni tp A bng tp B v vit l: A = B. Nhu vy A = B
) ( B x A x x
. Tp hp C gm cc phn t va thuc A, va thuc B c gi l giao ca A v B
} { B x v A x x B A / ;

'

B x
A x
B A x
. Tp hp C gm cc phn t thuc A hoc thuc B c gi l hp ca A v B.
Trang 1
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i S 10

B x
A x
B A x B x hoo A x x B A ; } / {
. Tp C gm cc phn t thuc A nhng khng thuc B gi l hiu ca A v B.

'

B x
A x
B A x B x v A x x B A \ ; } / { \
B. BI TP.
1/ Hay liet ke cac phan t cua tap hp sau :
A = {x N / x co hai ch so va ch so hang chuc la 3}
B = {x N / x la c cua 15}
C = {x N / x la so nguyen to khong ln hn 17}
D = {x N
*
/ 3 < n
2
< 30}
E = {x R / (2x x
2
)(2x
2
3x 2) = 0}
F = {x Z / 2x
2
7x + 5 = 0}
G = {x Q / (x 2)(3x + 1)(x +
2
) = 0}
H = {x Z /
3 x
}
I = {x Z / x
2
3x + 2 = 0 hoac x
2
1 = 0}
J = {x R / x
2
+ x 2 = 0 va x
2
+ 2x 3 = 0}
2/ Xet xem hai tap sau co bang nhau khong ?
A = {x R / (x 1)(x 2)(x 3) = 0}
B = {5, 3, 1}
3/ Trong cac tap sau tap nao la con tap nao ?
M = {x Q / 1 x 2}; N = {x Z /
2 x
}
P = {x N / x
2
+ 3 = 5}
4/ Xac nh tat ca tap con cua cac tap sau :
a/ A = {a} b/ B = {0, 1} c/ C = {a, b, c}
5/ Tm tat ca tap hp X sao cho : {1, 2, m} X {1, m, 2, a, b, 6}
6/ Xac nh A B, A B, A \ B, B \ A trong cac trng hp sau :
a/ A = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9}; B = {2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
b/ A = {x N / x 20}; B = {x N / 10 < x < 30}
7/ Xac nh cac tap hp sau va bieu dien chung tren truc so :
a/ [-3;1) (0;4] b/ (-;1) (-2;+) c/ (-2;3) \ (0;7)
d/ (-2;3) \ [0;7) e/ R \ (3;+) f/ R \ (-;2]
8/ Xac nh A B, A B, A \ B, B \ A :
a/ A = [-2;4], B = (0;5] b/ A = (-;2], B = (0;+) c/ A = [-4;0), B = (1;3]
A. KIN THC CN NH
3. Sai s.
. Nu a l s gn ng ca
a
th | | a a
a
c gi l sai s tuyt i ca s gn ng a.
. Nu h a a h a hay h a a h thi h a a
a
+ | | . Ta ni a l s gn ng ca
a
vi chnh xc
h, v vit l
a
h a t .
. quy trn s gn ng
a
, ngi ta thng quy c lm trn n hng c th ( hng trm, hng nghn,..). lm
trn n hng k, ngi ta thng quan tm n hng k + 1. Nu ch s ln hn hoc bng 5 ta cng vo ch s k
mt n v, nu ch s nh hn 5 ta gi nguyn ch s hng k.
B. BAI TP
1/ Cho s
a
= 37975421 150 t . Hy vit s quy trn ca s975421.
2/ cao ca mt ngn ni l h = 1372,5
1 , 0 t
m. Hy vit s quy trn ca s 1372,5.
Trang 2
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i S 10
Chng II. HM S BC NHT V BC HAI.
A. KIN THC C NH.
1. Khi nim hm s.
. Cho mt tp hp khc rng D

R
Mt hm s f xc nh trn D l mt quy tc, nh vi mi s x lun tm c mt s thc y duy nht gi l
gi tr ca hm s f ti x, k hiu l y = f(x).
. Tp D gi l tp xc nh( hay min xc nh), x gi l bin s c lp (hay bin s) hay i s, y gi l bin
s ph thuc ca hm s f.
, Trong mt phng ta Oxy, khi ni (G) l th ca hm s f xc nh trn tp D, ta hiu rng:
) ( ) ( ) ; (
0 0 0 0 0
x f y v D x G y x M
2. S bin thin ca hm s.
Cho hm s f xc nh trn K.
Hm s f gi l ng bin ( hay tng) trn K nu ) ( ) ( , ,
2 1 2 1 2 1
x f x f x x K x x < < . Hm s ng bin
th th i ln.
Hm s f gi l nghch bin ( hay gim ) trn K nu ) ( ) ( , ,
2 1 2 1 2 1
x f x f x x K x x > < . Hm s nghch
bin th th i xung.
3. Mt s tnh cht c bn ca hm s.
Cho hm s y = f(x) vi tp xc nh D.
. f(x) l hm s chn trn D

'

) ( ) ( x f x f
D x D x
. f(x) l hm s l trn D

'

) ( ) ( x f x f
D x D x
. Hm s y = ax + b (a
) 0
gi l hm s bc nht. th ca n l mt ng thng, a gi l h s gc ca
ng thng . Hm s ny ng bin khi a > 0, nghch bin khi a < 0.
. Hm s y = ax
2
+ bx + c (a
) 0
gi l hm s bc hai. th ca n l mt parabol.
B. BI TP.
1. Tm mien xac nh (tap xac nh) cua ham so :
a/
) 3 )( 1 (
2 2
;
2 3
1 2
;
1
1 2
;
5 4
10 4 5
2 2
2
+
+

+
+

x x
x
y
x x
x
y
x
x
y
x x
x x
y
b/
2
1
; 5 1 ; 3 5 1

+
+ +
x
x
y x x y x x y

c/ ;
1
;
2
1 2
;
6 1 ) 3 2 (
2 5
; 6
4
3
2 2
x
x
x
y
x
x x
y
x x
x
y x
x
x
y

+
+

4
2
1
2
;
3
2
3 5 ;
) 3 )( 2 (
4 1
2

+
+
+

+ +

+

x
x
x
y
x
x
x y
x x
x x
y
d/
;
5 4
1
; ;
5
6 5
5 ; 2 2
2
+
+

+
+
x x
x
y
x
x
x y x x y


2 ;
3
;
2 1
3
;
1 2
1
;
1
1
2
2
+

+ +

+
+

x x y
x
x
y
x x
y
x
x
y
x
y

2. Xet tnh n ieu cua ham so :
a/ y = 2x + 5; y = -3x + 2; y = 1/2x 10 tren R
b/ y = 2x
2
tren (0;+); y = x 2x
2
tren (1/4;+)
3. Xet tnh chan le cua ham so :
a/ y = x
2
+ 1; y = 3x
4
4x
2
+ 3; y = 4x
3
3x; y = 2x + 1; y = x
3
- 1
Trang 3
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i S 10
y = x
4
+ x + 10; y =
x
2
; y = x
2
+ x ; y =
2 + x
x
y = x|x|
b/ y =
x
x 1
2
+
; y= 1 2 2 1 + x x ; y =
2
1 x
; y =
5 + x
y =
x x + + 1 1

4. V th hm s y =

'

< +

1 1
2
1
1 1 2
x voi x
x voi x
5. Viet phng trnh y = ax + b cua ng thang :
a/ i qua hai iem A(-3;2), B(5;-4).
b/ i qua A(3;1) va song song vi Ox.
Ve cac ng thang va tm c tren cung he truc toa o.
6. Xc nh hm s bc hai y = 2x
2
+ bx + c, bit rng th ca n
a) C trc i xng l ng thng x = 1 v ct trc tung ti im (0 ; 4).
b) C nh l I(-1 ; -2)
c) i qua hai im A(0 ; -1), B(4 ; 0)
d) C hanh nh l 2 v i qua im M(1 ; -2)
7. Tm a, b, c biet rang parabol y = ax
2
+ bx + c cat truc hoanh tai hai iem A(1;0), B(-3;0)
va co hoanh o nh
la -1. Ve parabol va tm c .
8. Tm giao im ca parabol y = 2x
2
+ 3x 2 vi cc ng thng
a) y = 2x + 1 b) y = x 4 c) y = - x 4
bng cch gii phng trnh v bng th.
9. Lp bng bin thin v v th hm s y = x
2
2|x| + 1
10. V th hm s y = |x
2
6x + 5|
Chong III. PHNG TRINH V H PHNG TRNH.
A. KIN THC CN NH.
1. Phng trnh.
*. Hai phng trnh gi l tng ng nu chng c cng tp nghim.
*Phng trnh (2) l h qu ca phng trnh (1) nu tp nghim ca (2) cha tp nghim ca (1).
* Cho phng trnh f(x) = 0
) ( ) ( ) ( x h x h x f +
, y = h(x) l mt hm s.
*Bnh phng hai v ca mt phng trnh ta c mt phng trnh h qu.
* i vi phng trnh cha cn ta c:

'

2
)] ( [ ) (
0 ) (
) ( ) (
x g x f
x g
x g x f
2.Phng trnh bc nht v phng trnh bc hai.
* Phng trnh ax + b = 0, (a
) 0
c nghim x =
a
b
.
.Nu a = 0, b = 0 phng trnh c v s nghim.
.Nu a = 0, b 0 phng trnh v nghim.
* Phng trnh ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 c ) ' ' ( 4
2 2
ac b hoo ac b trong b = 2b.
. Nu 0 phng trnh c nghim x =

,
_

t
a
b
x hoo
a
b ' '
2
. Nu 0 < phng trnh v nghim.
Trang 4
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i S 10
* Nu x
1
v x
2
l nghim ca phng trnh ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 th

'

+
a
c
x x
a
b
x x
2 1
2 1
.
* Nu hai s c tng l S v tch l P th chng l nghim ca phng trnh : X
2
SX + P = 0
3. H phng trnh bc nht hai n.

'

+
+
' ' ' c y b x a
c by ax
Ta c:
c a ac
c a
c a
D b c cb
b c
b c
D b a ab
b a
b a
D
y x
' '
' '
, ' '
' '
, ' '
' '

'

+ +
+ +
) 0 ' ' ( ' ' '
) 0 (
2 2
2 2
b a c y b x a
b a c by ax
1. D 0 : H c mt nghim duy nht (x ; y) trong x =
D
D
y
D
D
y
x
,
2. D = 0:
*
0 0
y x
D hoo D
: H v nghim
*
0
y x
D D
: H c v s nghim, tp nghim ca h l tp nghim ca phng trnh
ax + by = c
B. BI TP
1. Giai phng trnh :
( )( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 3
2
2
2 2
3 4 9 7 6 / ;
1
1
3 4
3 2
/
;
2
4
2
1
2
2
/ ; 0
) 2 (
3 3
/
;
) 3 )( 2 (
50
3
10
2
2
1 / ;
1
15 4
1
3
1
2
/
;
1
1
5
4
/ ; 0 6 5 1 /
+

+

+

+
+

+
+

+ +

+
x x x x h
x x x
x x
g
x x x
f
x x
x x x
e
x x x x
d
x
x x
x
x
x
x
c
x x
x
b x x x a

2. Giai phng trnh (tr tuyet oi) :
2 3 5 / ; 4 2 1 /
; 0 1
3
5 2
/ ; 2
2
/ ;
2
1
/
; 0 1 1 5 / ; 1
2 3
4
/ ; 6 2 6 3 4 /
; 4 4 5 / ; 0 6 3 2 / ; 2 4 3 /
2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
+ +
+

+ +

+
+ + +
x k x x j
x
x
i
x
x x
h x
x
x
g
x x f
x x
x x
e x x x x d
x x x c x x b x x a

3. Giai phng trnh (cha can thc) :
( ) ( )
2 2
2
4
/ ; 3 4 21 / ; 0 ) 1 2 ( 2 6 3 /
; 1 3 4 / ; 5 3 2 1 / ; 4 4 6 /
2 2
2 2

+ + + +
+ + +
x
x
f x x x e x x x d
x x x c x x x b x x x a
4. Giai phng trnh (at an phu) :
Trang 5
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i S 10
6 3 15 / ; 1 3 8 1 /
;
2
2
3 / ; 3
1
2
1
/ ; 4 3 8 9 3 /
; 6 4 12 8 2 / ; 0 ) 3 ( 3 ) 2 )( 5 ( /
; 6 6 4 9 6 / ; 0 2 5 3 / ; 0 4 3 /
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 4 2 4
+ + +

+
+ +
+ + + +
+ + +
x x j x x i
x
x h
x
x
x
x
g x x x x f
x x x x e x x x x d
x x x x c x x b x x a
5. Giai va bien luan phng trnh (bac 1) theo tham so m :
a/ m(x m) = x + m 2; b/ m
2
(x 1) + m = x(3m 2);
c/ (m
2
+ 2)x 2m = x 3; d/ m(x m + 3) = m(x 2) + 6
6. Giai va bien luan phng trnh (bac 1 co mau so) theo tham so m :
2
1 2
) 2 )( 1 (
/ ; 1
2
2 ) 1 2 (
/ +
+
+
+

+
m
x
x m m
b m
x
x m
a
7. Giai va bien luan phng trnh (bac 2) theo tham so m :
a/ (m 1)x
2
+ 3x 1 = 0; b/ x
2
4x + m 3 = 0;
c/ mx
2
+ (4m + 3)x + 4m + 2 = 0
8. Cho phng trnh ax
2
+ bx +c = 0 co hai nghiem x
1
, x
2
. at S = x
1
+ x
2
; P = x
1
.x
2
a/ Hay tnh cac bieu thc sau theo S, P :
2 1
2 1
3
2
3
1
2
2
2
1
;
1 1
; ; x x
x x
x x x x + + +
b/ Ap dung : Khong giai phng trnh x
2
2x 15 = 0 hay tnh :
_ Tong bnh phng hai nghiem.
_ Bnh phng tong hai nghiem
_ Tong lap phng hai nghiem.
9. nh m e phng trnh co hai nghiem phan biet thoa :
a/ x
2
+ (m 1)x + m + 6 = 0 thoa : x
1
2
+ x
2
2
= 10.
b/ (m + 1)x
2
2(m 1)x + m 2 = 0 thoa : 4(x
1
+ x
2
) = 7x
1
x
2
10. Cho phng trnh (m + 1)x
2
(m 1)x + m = 0
a/ nh m e phng trnh co nghiem bang -3, tnh nghiem con lai
b/ nh m e phng trnh co nghiem gap oi nghiem kia, tnh cac nghiem.
11. nh m e phng trnh vo nghiem :
a/ mx
2
- (2m + 3)x + m + 3 = 0; b/ mx
2
2(m + 1)x +m + 1 = 0
12. nh m e phng trnh co nghiem kep :
a/ (m + 2)x
2
2(3m 2)x + m + 2 = 0 ; b/ x
2
(2m + 3)x + m
2
= 0
13. nh m e phng trnh co hai nghiem phan biet :
a/ (m 1)x
2
2(m + 4)x + m 4 = 0; b/ (m 2) x
2
2(m + 3)x + m 5 = 0
14. nh m e phng trnh co nghiem :
a/ (m + 3)x
2
(2m + 1)x + m 2 = 0; b/ x
2
2(m + 2)x + m
2
+ 7 = 0
15. nh m e phng trnh co ung mot nghiem :
a/ mx
2
2(m + 3)x + m = 0; b/ (m 1)x
2
6(m 1)x + 2m 3 = 0
16.nh m e phng trnh co hai nghiem am phan biet : 3x
2
+ 5x + 2m + 1 = 0
17. Gii cc h phng trnh.
a)

'

+
4 2 5
5 3 7
y x
y x
b)

'

+

3 2
6 2 4
y x
y x
c)

'

+
4 , 0 2 , 0 3 , 0
7 , 0 4 , 0 5 , 0
y x
y x
18. Gii cc h phng trnh:
a)

'

+
+ +
+
7 2 3 3
5 7 2
2 3 2
z y x
z y x
z y x
b)

'

+ +
+
+
4 2 2
5 2 4 3
3 4 3
z y x
z y x
z y x
c)

'

+
+
+ +
10 3 4
5 2 2 3
7
z y x
z y x
z y x
19. Tm gi tr ca m cc h phng trnh sau v nghim,
Trang 6
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i S 10
a)

'

+
2 2
9 2 3
y mx
y x
b)

'

+

7
5 2
y x
my x
20. Tm cc gi tr ca a v b cc h phng trnh sau v nghim.
a)

'

+
+
b y x
ay x
2
5 3
b)

'

+
+
1 4 3
2
b y x
a y ax
21.*Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
a)
x y
x y
2 2
4 8
2 4

+
'
+

b)
x xy
x y
2
24
2 3 1

'

c)
x y
x y
2
( ) 49
3 4 84

'
+

d)
x xy y x y
x y
2 2
3 2 3 6 0
2 3

+ + +
'

e)
x y
xy x y
3 4 1 0
3( ) 9
+
'
+

f)
x y
xy x y
2 3 2
6 0
+
'
+ + +

g)
y x x
x y
2
4
2 5 0

+
'
+

h)
x y
x y y
2 2
2 3 5
3 2 4
+
'
+

i)
x y
x xy y
2 2
2 5
7

'
+ +

22.*Gii v bin lun cc h phng trnh sau:

a)
x y
x y m
2 2
6 +
'
+

b)
x y m
x y x
2 2
2 2
+
'
+

c)
x y
x y m
2 2
3 2 1
'
+

23.*Gii cc h phng trnh sau:

a)
x xy y
x y xy x y
2 2
11
2( ) 31
+ +
'
+ +

b)
x y
x xy y
2 2
4
13
+
'
+ +

c)
xy x y
x y x y
2 2
5
8
+ +
'
+ + +

d)
x y
y x
x y
13
6
6

+
'

e)
x x y y
x y xy
3 3 3 3
17
5

+ +
'
+ +

f)
x x y y
x xy y
4 2 2 4
2 2
481
37

+ +
'
+ +

24.*Gii v bin lun cc h phng trnh sau:

a)
x y xy m
x y m
2 2
3 2
+ +
'
+

b)
x y m
x y xy m m
2 2 2
1
2 3
+ +
'
+

c)
x y m
xy x y m
( 1)( 1) 5
( ) 4
+ + +
'
+

25.*Gii cc h phng trnh sau:

a)
x x y
y y x
2
2
3 2
3 2

+
'
+

b)
x y x y
y x y x
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2

+
'
+

c)
x x y
y y x
3
3
2
2

+
'
+

d)
y
x y
x
x
y x
y
3 4
3 4

'

e)
y
y
x
x
x
y
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3

'
+

f)
x y
y
y x
x
2
2
1
2
1
2

'

26.*Gii v bin lun cc h phng trnh sau:

a)
x x my
y y mx
2
2
3
3

+
'
+

b)
x y m m
y x m m
2 2
2 2
(3 4 ) (3 4 )
(3 4 ) (3 4 )

'

c)
xy x my
xy y mx
2
2
( 1)
( 1)

+
'
+

27.*Gii cc h phng trnh sau:

a)
x xy y
x xy y
2 2
2 2
3 1
3 3 13

+
'
+

b)
x xy y
x xy y
2 2
2 2
2 4 1
3 2 2 7

+
'
+ +

c)
y xy
x xy y
2
2 2
3 4
4 1

'
+

Trang 7
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i S 10
d)
x xy y
x xy y
2 2
2 2
3 5 4 38
5 9 3 15

+
'

e)
x xy y
x xy y
2 2
2 2
2 3 9
4 5 5

+
'
+

f)
x xy y
x xy y
2 2
2 2
3 8 4 0
5 7 6 0

+
'

28.*Gii v bin lun cc h phng trnh sau:

a)
x mxy y m
x m xy my m
2 2
2 2
( 1)

+ +
'
+ +

b)
xy y
x xy m
2
2
12
26

'
+

c)
x xy y m
y xy
2 2
2
4
3 4

+
'

Chng IV. BT NG THC V BT PHNG TRNH

A. KIN THC CN NH.
1. Bt ng thc.
a) Tnh cht:
a > b v b > c
c a >
a > b c b c a + > +
a > b v c > d d b c a + > +
a + c > b c b a >
a > b

'

< <
> >

0
0
c khi bc ac
c khi bc ac
a > b
bd ac d c v > > 0 0
a > b
n n
b a N n v >
*
0
b a b a > > 0
3 3
b a b a > >
x x x x x | | , | | , 0 | |
a x a a x | |
(a > 0)
a x hoo a x a x | |

| | | | | | | | | | b a b a b a + +
b) Bt ng thc C-si.
* ) 0 , (
2
;
2

+

+
b a b a ab
b a
ab
b a
* ) 0 , , (
3
;
3
3 3

+ +

+ +
c b a c b a abc
c b a
abc
c b a
BI TP.
1.V i x, y, z ty . Chng minh rng:
a). x
4
+ y
4
x y y x
3 3
+ b) x
2
+ 4y
2
+ 3z
2
+ 14 > 2x + 12y + 6z.
2. Chng minh cac bat ang thc sau :
Vi a, b, c R :
a/ a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ 3 2(a + b + c) b/ a
2
+ b
2
+ a
2
b
2
+ 1 4ab
c/
2 2
2 2
2
b a b a +

,
_

+
d/ a
3
+ b
3
a
2
b + ab
2

e/ a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ d
2
+ e
2
a(b + c + d + e) f/ a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
ab + bc + ca
g/ (a + b + c)
2
3(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
) h/ a
2
+ b
2
+ 1 ab + a + b
3. Vi a, b, c > 0 :
Trang 8
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i S 10
ab b a b a e
abc a c c b b a d
c b a ab
c
ca
b
bc
a
c
a
b
b
c
c
a
a
c
c
b
b
a
b c b a
b
ca
a
bc
c
ab
a
16 ) )( 2 )( 2 ( /
8 ) )( )( ( /
1 1 1
/
/ /
2
2
2
2
2
2
+ + +
+ + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + +

f/
b a
a
b
b
a
+ +
g/
b a b a +
+
4 1 1
h/
4
4
abcd
d c b a

+ + +

k/.
d c b a d c b a + + +
+ + +
16 1 1 1 1
l/. a
b
b a 2
1
2
+ m/. (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) abc 8
n/
( ) ab b a b a ) ( 2 2
2
+ +
p/
c b a c b a + +
+ +
9 1 1 1
4.. Tm gi tr nh nht ca hm s y =
x x
+
1
9 4
vi 0 < x < 1.
5.. Tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca hm s sau trn TX ca hm s y = x x + 5 1
A. KIN THC CN NH.
2. Bt phng trnh.
a) Bt phng trnh tng ng.
* Hai bt phng trnh gi l tng ng nu chng c cng tp nghim.
Nu f
1
(x) < g
1
(x) tng ng vi f
2
(x) < g
2
(x) th ta vit: ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
2 2 1 1
x g x f x g x f < <
* Bt phng trnh f(x) < g(x) tng ng vi bt phng trnh
- f(x) + h(x) < g(x) + h(x).
- f(x).h(x) < g(x).h(x) nu h(x) > 0 D x
- f(x).h(x) > g(x).h(x) nu h(x) < 0 D x
f(x) < g(x)
3 3
)] ( [ )] ( [ x g x f <
f(x) < g(x)
2 2
)] ( [ )] ( [ x g x f < vi f(x) > 0, g(x) > 0
b) Bt phng trnh bc nht v bc hai.
* ax + b < 0 (1)
i) Nu a > 0 th (1)
a
b
x <
ii) Nu a < 0 th (1)
a
b
x >
iii) Nu a = 0 th (1) b x < 0
. b 0 bt phng trnh v nghim.
. b < 0 bt phng trnh nghim ng vi mi x
* Cho nh thc bc nht f(x) = ax + b ( a
) 0
. Ta c :
x

x
0
+
f(x) = ax + b tri du vi a 0 cng du vi a
* Cho tam thc bc hai f(x) = ax
2
+ bx + c (a
) 0
. Ta c:
Nu 0 < th f(x) cng du vi h s a vi mi x R .
Nu = 0 th f(x) cng du vi h s a vi mi x
a
b
2

Nu 0 > th f(x) c hai nghim x
1
, x
2
( x
1
< x
2
) . Khi , f(x) tri du vi h s a vi mi x ) , (
2 1
x x
(tc l x
1
< x < x
2)
v f(x) cng du vi h s a

vi mi x nm ngai an [x
1
, x
2
] (tc l x < x
1
hoc x > x
2
)
Trang 9
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i S 10
* tm iu kin tam thc bc hai lun m hoc lun dng ta p dng:

'

<
>
> + +
0
0
0 ,
2
a
c bx ax R x

'

<
<
< + +
0
0
0 ,
2
a
c bx ax R x
* gii bt phng trnh bc hai ta p dng nh l v du tam thc bc hai

B. BI TP
1. Giai bat phng trnh :
3
1
5
2 1
4
3
/
4
2 1
3
2
2
1 3
/
9
5 4
12
1
18
1 4
3 /
2
3 5
1
8
) 2 ( 3
4
1 3
/
+

+

<

>

x x x
d
x x x
c
x x x
b
x x x
a
2. Giai he bat phng trnh :

'

+
+ <

'

< +
+
<

'

> +
+

'

+
+
+ > +

'

>

>
5 2
4
8 3
3
7
5 4
/
3
8
2
5
3
5
1 3
4
3 2
/
0 1
0 3 2
0 5 3
/
25 2
2
3 8
7 4
7
5
6
/
4
3
5 ) 3 2 ( 2
2
8 15
5 8
/
x
x
x
x
e
x
x
x x
d
x
x
x
c
x
x
x x
b
x x
x
x
a
3. Giai va bien luan bat phng trnh theo tham so m :
a/ m(x m) x 1 b/ mx + 6 > 2x + 3m c/ (m + 1)x + m < 3x + 4
4. Xet dau bieu thc sau :
a/ f(x) = 2x 5; f(x) = -11 4x; b/ f(x) = (2x + 1)(x 5)
c/ f(x) = (3x - 1)(2 - x)(5 + x); d/ f(x) =
10 5
) 3 )( (
2
+
+
x
x x
e/ f(x) =
1 3
2
4
3
+

+
x x
; f/ f(x) =
x
x x

1
3 2
2
5. Giai bat phng trnh :
1 2
3
1 3
4
/ ;
1 2
5
1
2
/ ; 1
2
5 2
/ ; 1
2
4 3
/

<
+

>

x x
d
x x
c
x
x
b
x
x
a
6.Giai phng trnh cha tr tuyet doi :
a/ 3 4 2 1 + x x ; b/ 2 3 5 2 7 + + x x x
7. Xet dau bieu thc sau :
( )
( )( )
6
1 1 3 2
) ( / ; 5
2
7 3
) ( /
;
9
6
) ( / ;
9 6
4 ) 3 2 (
) ( /
; 5 4 ) ( / ; 1 2 ) ( / ; 7 5 2 ) ( /
2
3 2
2
2
2 3
2
2
2 2 2
+
+
+

+

+
+

+ + +
x x
x x x
x f g
x x
x
x f f
x
x x x
x f e
x x
x x x
x f d
x x x f c x x x f b x x x f a
8. Giai cac bat phng trnh sau :
Trang 10
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i S 10
;
1
1
3 4
3 2
/ ; 36 ) 21 16 ( / ;
1
8 7
) 1 ( 3 /
;
1
1
5
4
/ ; 2
) 2 ( 4
1 4
/ ; 0 ) 6 5 )( 1 ( /
2
2
2 2 2
2 2
x x x
x x
f x x x e
x
x
x d
x x
x
c x
x
x
b x x x a

+

> +
+

>

+
< +
0 ) 2 5 3 )( 7 2 ( / ; 0
8
1
/ ; 1
2 3
3 4
/
2
2 3 2
+
+
+
<

+
x x x i
x
x x x
h x
x
x x
g
9. Giai cac he sau :

'

< + +
+ <

'

+
>

+
< +

'

'

<
+

'

+
+

'

<
> +
0 3 4
) 10 ( ) 8 (
/ ;
1
1
8
1 1
0 56 5 6
/ ;
20
0 ) 9 )( 1 2 (
/
;
0 4
0 6
/ ;
0 32 12
0 10 11
/ ;
0 7 20 3
0 18 12 2
/
2
2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 3
2 3
2
2
x x
x x x
f
x x x
x x
e
x x
x x
d
x x
x x
c
x x x
x x x
b
x x
x x
a
10.nh m e x R, ta co :
a/ x
2
(3m 2)x + 2m
2
5m 2 > 0 b/ (m + 1)x
2
8x + m + 1 0
c/ (m 2)x
2
+ 2(2m 3)x + 5m 6 0 d/ m(m + 2)x
2
+ 2mx + 3 < 0
11. Tm m e bat phng trnh sau vo nghiem :
a/ 3x
2
+ 2(2m 1)x + m + 4 0 b/ (3 m)x
2
2(m + 3)x + m + 2 > 0
12. Giai bat phng trnh :
1
2 3
4
/ ; 6 2 6 3 4 /
; 1 2 4 5 / ; 4 7 5 2 / ; 0 2 1 /
2
2
2
2

+ +

< +
> + <
x x
x x
e x x x x d
x x c x x b x x a
13. Giai bat phng trnh :
1 3 2 / 4 2 2 3 / ; 2 5 /
; 2 3 13 1 / ; 5 24 / ; 2 18 /
2 2 2
2
+ < + >
> < +
x x x f x x x e x x d
x x c x x b x x a
14. Gii bt phng trnh:
a/ (x
2
+ x + 1)(x
2
+ x + 3) 15 b/ (x + 4)(x + 1) -
6 2 5 3
2
< + + x x

c/
12 8 2 6 4
2 2
+ x x x x
d/
9 4 ) 3 (
2 2
+ x x x
Chng V. THNG K.
A. KIN THC CN NH.
1. Mt s kin thc c bn.
* Mt tp con hu hn cc n v iu tra c gi l mt mu. S phn t ca mt mu c gi l kch
thc mu. Dy cc gi tr ca du hiu thu c trn mu c gi l mt mu s liu.
* S ln xut hin ca mi gi tr trong mu s liu c gi l tn s ca gi tr .
* Tn sut f
i
ca gi tr x
i
l t s gia tn s n
i
v kch thc mu N.
Trang 11
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i S 10
f
i =
n
n
i
* Ngi ta c th lit k tn s v tn sut ca n vi iu tra thnh bng, ta c bng phn b tn s, tn
sut. Nu bng c chia lp, ta c bng phn b tn s tn sut ghp lp.
2. Cc s c trng.
* S trung bnh:

+ + +

N
i
i
N
x
N
x hay
N
x x x
x
1
2 1
.
1 ........
i vi bng phn b tn s ta c:

+ +

m
i
i i
m m
x n
N N
x n x n
x
1
1 1
1 .. ..........
S trung bnh dng lm i din cho mu s liu.
* S trung v: Gi s ta c mt mu gm N s liu c sp xp theo th t khng gim. Nu N l mt s l
th s liu ng th
2
1 + N
( s liu ng chnh gia) gi l s trung v. Nu N l s chn, ta ly s trung bnh
cng ca hai s liu ng th 1
2 2
+
N
v
N
lm s trung v. S trung v c k hiu l m.
* Mt: Cho mt mu s liu di dng bng phn b tn s. Gi tr c tn s ln nht c gi l mt ca
mu s liu v k hiu l m
o
.
* Phng sai: o mc bin ng, chnh lch gia cc gi tri ca du hiu, ngi ta a ra mt ch tiu
gi l phng sai.
Gi s c mt mu s liu kch thc N l { x
1
, x
2
, x
N
}. Phng sai ca mu s liu ny, k hiu l s
2
,
c tnh bi cng thc sau:
( )

N
i
i
x x
N
s
1
2
2
1
trong
x
l s trung bnh ca mu s liu.
Hay

,
_

N
i
N
i
i i
x
N
x
N
s
1
2
1
2
2 2
1 1
* lch chun: Cn bc hai ca phng sai c gi l lch chun, k hiu l s. Ta c:
( )

N
i
i
x x
N
s
1
2 1

,
_

m
i
m
i
i i i i
x n
N
x n
N
s
1
2
1
2
2 2
1 1
B. BI TP
1. Cho cc s liu ghi trong bng sau
Thi gian hon thnh mt sn phm mt nhm cng nhn (n v:pht)
42 42 42 42 44 44 44 44 44 45
45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45
45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 54
54 54 50 50 50 50 48 48 48 48
48 48 48 48 48 48 50 50 50 50
Trang 12
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i S 10
a/Hy lp bng phn b tn s ,bng phn b tn sut.
b/Trong 50 cng nhn c kho st ,nhng cng nhn c thi gian hon thnh mt sn phm t 45 pht n
50 pht chim bao nhiu phn trm?
2. Chiu cao ca 30 hc sinh lp 10 c lit k bng sau (n v cm):
145 158 161 152 152 167
150 160 165 155 155 164
147 170 173 159 162 156
148 148 158 155 149 152
152 150 160 150 163 171
a) Hy lp bng phn b tn sut ghp lp vi cc lp l: [145; 155); [155; 165); [165; 175].
b) V biu tn s, tn sut hnh ct, ng gp khc tn sut
c) Phng sai v lch chun
3. im thi hc k II mn Ton ca mt t hc sinh lp 10A (quy c rng im kim tra hc k c th lm trn
n 0,5 im) c lit k nh sau:
2 ; 5 ; 7,5 ; 8 ; 5 ; 7 ; 6,5 ; 9 ; 4,5 ; 10.
a) Tnh im trung bnh ca 10 hc sinh (ch ly n mt ch s thp phn sau khi lm trn).
b) Tnh s trung v ca dy s liu trn.
4. Cho cc s liu thng k ghi trong bng sau :
Thnh tch chy 500m ca hc sinh lp 10A trng THPT C. ( n v : giy )
6.3 6.2 6.5 6.8 6.9 8.2 8.6 6.6 6.7 7.0 7.1
8.5 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.0 8.4 8.1 7.1 7.3 7.5
8.7 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.5 7.7 7.8 7.2 7.5 8.3 7.6
a). Lp bng phn b tn s, tn sut ghp lp vi cc lp :
[ 6,0 ; 6,5 ) ; [ 6,5 ; 7,0 ) ; [ 7,0 ; 7,5 ) ; [ 7,5 ; 8,0 ) ; [ 8,0 ; 8,5 ) ; [ 8,5 ; 9,0 ]
b). V biu tn s hnh ct, ng gp khc v thnh tch chy ca hc sinh.
c). Tnh s trung bnh cng, phng sai, lch chun ca bng phn b.
5. S lng khch n tham quan mt im du lch trong 12 thng c thng k nh bng sau:
Thng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
S khch 430 550 430 520 550 515 550 110 520 430 550 880
a). Lp bng phn b tn s, tn sut v tm s trung bnh
b). Tm mt, s trung v, phng sai, lch chun.
6. iu tra v chiu cao ca 36 hc sinh trung hc ph thng (Tnh bng cm) c chn ngu nhin ngi
iu tra vin thu c bng phn b tn s ghp lp sau
Lp chiu cao Tn s
[160; 162]
[163; 165]
[166; 168]
[169; 171]
8
14
8
6
cng N = 36
Trang 13
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i S 10
a. B sung vo bng phn b trn c bng phn b tn s, tn sut ghp lp
b. Tnh gi tr trung bnh v phng sai ca mu s liu trn (ly gn ng mt ch s thp phn)
7. Tin hnh mt cuc thm d v s gi t hc ca hc sinh lp 10 nh.Ngi iu tra chn ngu
nhin 50 hc sinh lp 10 v ngh cc em cho bit s gi t hc nh trong 10 ngy. Mu s
liu c trnh by di dng bng phn b tn s ghp lp sau y
Lp Tn s
[0; 10)
[10; 20)
[20; 30)
[30; 40)
[40; 50)
[50; 60]
5
9
15
10
9
2
Cng N = 50
a)Lp bng phn b tn s, tn sut ghp lp.
b) Tnh phng sai ca mu s liu trn(Ly gn ng 3 ch s thp phn).
c)V hai biu hnh ct biu din phn b tn s, tn sut.
8. Cho bng phn b tn s khi lng 30 qu trng g ca mt r trng g :
Khi lng (g) Tn s
25 3
30 5
35 7
40 9
45 4
50 2
Cng 30
a)Lp bng phn b tn sut.
b)V biu tn s hnh ct, ng gp khc tn s v biu tn sut hnh qut.
c)Tm s trung bnh cng, s trung v, mt ca mu s liu
d)Tnh phng sai v lch chun ca mu s liu.
Trang 14
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i s10
9.Chn 23 hc sinh v ghi c giy ca cc em ta c mu s liu sau:
39 41 40 43 41 40 44 42 41 43 38 39
41 42 39 40 42 43 41 41 42 39 41
a. Lp bng phn b tn s v tn sut.
b. Tnh s trung v v s mt ca mu s liu(ly gn ng mt ch s thp phn)
10.Trong mt cuc thi bn c 2 x th, mi ngi bn 30 vin n. Kt qu cho trong 2 bng sau:
im s ca x th A
6 10 10 10 8 10 9 5 8 8 10 5 10 10 9
8 10 6 8 9 10 9 9 9 9 9 7 8 6 8
im s ca x th B
6 9 9 9 8 8 5 9 10 10 9 6 7 8 10
9 9 10 10 10 7 7 8 8 8 8 7 10 9 9
a. Tnh s trung bnh, phng sai v lch chun ca cc s liu thng k cho trong hai bng
trn.
b. Xt xem x th no bn gii hn?
Chng VI. CUNG V GC LNG GIC. CNG THC LNG GIC
A. KIN THC CN NH.
1. Gc v cung lng gic.
15
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i s10
* Cung trn c s o bng
360
1
s o ca ng trn gi l 1 v k hiu : 1
0
. Cung trn c di bng bn
knh gil cung c s o 1 radian, gi tt l cung 1 radian.
* Gc lng gic l gc c gn vi ng trn lng gic c ngha l c chiu dng, chiu m v ln
ty . Hai gc lng gic c chung tia u v tia cui c dng
2 k v +
.
* Cho ng trn lng gic gc A, gc

c tia cui l OM. Khi tung ca M gi l sin

, hanh
ca M gi l
cos
, t s

cos
sin
gi l tang

, k hiu : tan , t s

sin
cos
gi l ctang

, k hiu : cot

Ta c :
1 cos , sin 1
;
sin ) 2 sin( ; cos ) 2 cos( + + k k

2
2
2
2 2 2
sin
1
cot 1 ;
cos
1
tan 1 ; 1 cot . tan ; 1 cos sin + + +
2. Gi tr lng gic ca nhng gc c lin quan c bit.
* Hai gc i nhau th c cosin bng nhau cn cc gi tr khc i nhau.
* Hai gc b nhau th c sin bng nhau cn cc gi tr khc i nhau.
* Hai gc hn km nhau

th c sin v cosin i nhau cn cc gi tr khc bng nhau.

* Hai gc ph nhau th c cosin gc ny bng sin gc kia, tan gc ny bng cot gc kia.
3. Cng thc lng gic.
* Cng thc cng.
sin sin cos cos ) cos( t
cos sin cos sin ) sin( t t



tan tan 1
tan tan
) tan(

t
t
* Cng thc nhn i.
1 cos 2 sin 2 1 sin cos 2 cos
2 2 2 2

cos sin 2 2 sn

2
tan 1
tan 2
2 tan

* Cng thc h bc.

2
2 cos 1
sin ;
2
2 cos 1
cos
2 2

* Cng thc bin i tng thnh tch.

[ ] ) cos( ) cos(
2
1
cos cos + +
[ ] ) cos( ) cos(
2
1
sin sin +
[ ] ) sin( ) sin(
2
1
cos sin + +
* Cng thc bin i tng thnh tch.
2
sin
2
sin 2 cos cos ;
2
cos
2
cos 2 cos cos
y x y x
y x
y x y x
y x
+

+
+
2
sin
2
cos 2 sin sin ;
2
cos
2
sin 2 sin sin
y x y x
y x
y x y x
y x
+

+
+
B. BI TP.
1. a) Cho sin =
5
3
; v

< <
2
.Cho Tnh cos, tan, cot.
16
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i s10
b) Cho tan = 2 v
2
3
< < Tnh sin, cos.
2. a) Cho cos =
12
13
; v

< <
2
. Tnh
sin 2 , cos 2 , tan 2 , cot 2
b) Cho cot = 2 v 0
4

< < . Tnh

sin 2 , cos 2 , tan 2 , cot 2
.
c) Cho
1
sin cos
5
. Tnh
sin 2 , cos 2
.
3. a) Cho sin =
5
9
; v

< <
2
. Tnh sin , cos , tan , cot
2 2 2 2

.
b) Cho cos =
5
13
v
3
2
2

< < . Tnh sin , cos , tan , cot

2 2 2 2

.
4. Khng s dng my tnh hy tnh

0 0 0
)sin75 )tan105 )cos( 15 )
22 23
)sin ) os )sin
12 3 4
a b c
d ec f

5:Rt gn cc biu thc:

os2a-cos4a 2sin 2 sin 4
) )
sin 4 sin 2 2sin 2 sin 4
sin os
sin sin3 4 4
) )
2 os4
sin os
4 4

+ +
_ _
+

, ,

_ _


, ,
c a a
a A b B
a a a a
a c a
a a
c C d D
c a
a c a
6. Chng minh rng:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 3
2 2 2 2
2 6
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 3 3
) 1 tan sin 1 tan cos sin cos
sin 2cos 1 sin tan
) sin ) tan
cot cos cot
) cot tan cot tan 4 ) cos 4 sin 4 1 2sin 2
sin cos tan 1 sin cos
) ) 1
1 2sin cos tan 1 sin cos
a
b c
d e
f g







+ + + +
+

+
+

+ + +
2
2
2
sin cos
4sin 1 cos sin
) 16cos ) cot
2 1 cos sin 2
1 cos
2
sin 2 sin
) tan
1 cos 2 cos
h k
l

+ +
7. Chng minh rng trong tam gic ABC ta c:
( ) ) sin sin ) sin cos
2 2
A B C
a A B C b
+ _
+

,

8. Tnh gi tr ca cc biu thc sau:
17
Gv: Trn Minh Hng Chun kin thc i s10
0 0 0 0
0 0 0
3 tan30 cos 60 cot 30 2 2 sin 45
)
6 sin90 .cos 45 sin 60
2tan sin cos 3cot
6 2
6 4 6 4
) ) 3 cot sin cos
3 2 5
2 3 3 6
2sin 6cos 5tan
4 3 6
a P
b Q c R

+

+
9. Chng minh rng:
( )
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
4
1
) cos cos cos cos3 ) 5 2sin cos 4 cos 2 sin
3 3 4
sin 20 sin30 sin 40 sin50 sin 60 sin 70 13 sin sin3 sin5
) ) tan3
cos10 cos50 6 cos cos3 cos5
3 4cos 2 cos 4
) tan
3 4cos 2 cos 4
a x b Sin
c d
e

_ _
+ +

, ,
+ +

+ +
+

+ +
10.Chng minh cc ng nht thc
2
sinx sin
1 cos os2
2
) cotx ) tan
sin2 sinx 2
1 cos ox
2
2 os2 sin4 sin( )
) tan )tanx tan
2 os2 sin4 4 cos .cos
x
x c x x
a b
x x
x c
c x x x y
c x d y
c x x x y

+
+

+ +
_


+
,
11. Chng minh ng thc lng gic sau:
a)
3 3
sin x + cos x = (sinx + cosx)(1 - sinx.cosx) b)
3 3
sin x - cos x = (sinx - cosx)(1 + sinx.cosx)
c)
4 4 2 2
cos x + sin x = 1 - 2 sin x.cos x d)
2 2
(1 - sinx)(1 + sinx) = sin x.cot x
e)
sin x.cotx
1
cosx
f)
2 2 2
2
1
sin x tan x cos x
cos x
+
18