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t1''
Cl 2 t'2
3) TBTN vch ngn, l loi TBTN c vch rn ngn cch cht lng nng v cht
lng lnh v 2 cht lng TN theo kiu truyn nhit. Loi TBTN vch ngn bo m
kn tuyt i gia hai cht, lm cho cht gia cng c tinh khit v v sinh, an ton, do
c s dng rng ri trong mi cng ngh.
4) TBTN kiu ng nhit, l loi TBTN dng ng nhit truyn ti nhit t cht
lng nng n cht lng lnh. Mi cht trong cc ng nhit nhn nhit t cht lng 1, si
v ho hi thnh hi bo ho kh, truyn n vng tip xc cht lng 2, ngng thnh lng
ri quay v vng nng lp li chu trnh. Trong ng nhit, mi cht si, ngng v chuyn
ng tun hon, ti 1 lng nhit ln t cht lng 1 n cht lng 2.
a. Bnh gia nhit hn hp
c. Bnh ngng ng nc
d. L hi ng nhit
1
1
cn phi ln, tng cng cng sut TN
1) H s truyn nhit k = + +
1 2
Kh H2
273
10
210
200
Kh metal CH4
-160 -100
40
-150 -70
40
-70 0
15
-50 0
-10 0
Du
0 215
Nc H2O
0 374
1 225
Hi nc
0 650
1 300
Hn hp difenyl
260 350
16
Thu ngn
350 500
19
Khi nng
450 1000
Cht rn (samot)
1500
Plasma t0 thp
3500
Mi cht
Si bt
Mi cht
[W/m2K]
min
max
Kh
60
Hi qu nhit
20
120
Du
60
1.700
Nc
200
10.000
Cht lng hu c
600
10.000
Nc
Ngng mng
Hi cht hu c
Hi nc
6.000
50.000
600
2.500
5.000
20.000
t (m/s)
0.5 3
0.2 1
Kh + bi pk ( khi, kh bi)
6 10
Kh sch pk ( khng kh )
12 16
Kh nn p > pk ( kh nn)
15 30
Hi bo ho
30 50
Hi qu nhit
30 75
U = ViiCi( t - t0), [J] l bin thin ni nng ca cc chi tit to ra thit b. Trong
thit b gia nhit, thng t > t0 nn U > 0; trong thit b lm lnh, thng t < t0 nn U
< 0. Nu tnh t khi thit b lm vic n nh, th U = 0.
Khi xt cn bng nhit qua 1 vi phn dF ca din tch trao i nhit ca thit b th
phng trnh cn bng nhit tng qut c dng vi phn sau:
11f1di1 + 22f2di2 + kiFi( t - tf)dFi + iViCi
dt
=0.
d
y l phng trnh vi phn cn bng cng sut nhit trao i qua din tch dF ca
TBTN. N cho php tm c lut bin thin theo thi gian ca nhit cc cht lng,
thng qua di = Cpdt.
1.3.1.2. Cc phng trnh cn bng nhit c bit.
1) Khi thit b cch nhit tt vi mi trng: Coi Qk = 0, (I1 + I2) + U = 0.
2) Khi TBTN lm vic n nh, coi U = 0, I1 + I2 + Qk = 0.
3) Khi thit b c cch nhit, lm vic n nh th:
I1 + I2 = 0 hay G1( i1/ i1// ) = G2Cp2( i2// i2/ )
G1Cp1( t1/ t1// ) = G2Cp2( t 2// t 2/ ) hay W1( t1/ t1// ) = W2( t 2// t 2/ )
Dng vi phn ca phng trnh cn bng nhit khi l W1dt1 = W2dt2.
4) Khi U = 0, Qk = 0 nu cc cht lng c s chuyn pha trong TBTN, t cht
lng Cp n si ts nhn nhit r, ri qu nhit n hi c nhit dung ring Cph, th phng
trnh cn bng nhit c dng:
G1 [C p1h (t1/ t s1 ) + r1 + C p1 (t s1 t1// )] = G2 [C p 2 (t s 2 t 2/ ) + r2 + C p 2 (t 2// t s 2 )]
Hnh 1.4. Phn b nhit cc cht lng khi chuyn pha trong TBTN cng chiu.
V d: + Phng trnh cn bng nhit trong l hi:
1
+ i
k = +
i
1 2
khng i trong mt F.
tx = t1(x) t2(x) = f(Fx) l chnh nhit ca 2 cht lng hai bn mt dFx, ph
thuc v tr Fx.
2) Dng tch phn.
Lng nhit Q truyn t cht lng 1 qua din tch TN F n cht lng 2 l:
F
Vi: t =
1
t x (Fx )dFx , gi l chnh trung bnh trn mt F ca nhit 2 cht lng.
F
Q = kt x dFx
1
1
Q
W
W
2
1
Theo c: dt1-dt2 = -
1
1
, [k/W].
W1 W2
hay d t x = - mktxdFx, vi m =
Nu m v k khng i th:
Do :
t x
x
dt x
t
=
mk
t t x
0 dFx hay ln tX0 = mkFx .
0
tx(Fx) = t0exp(-mkFx).
F
Theo nh ngha t :
t
t 0
1
t x ( Fx )dFx = 0 exp( mkFx )dFx =
e mkF 1 .
F0
F
mkF
t =
t 0
t
ln F
t 0
t F
t t 0
1 = F
t
t0
ln F
t0
t s = t1/ t 2//
vi
t F = t1// t 2/
t
t'1
t o
t1
t"2
C1
t x
dt 2
t2
dt 1
t"1
C2
t F
t'2
d Fx
O
Fx
F
Fx
Hnh 1.5. S trao i nhit 2 cht lng song song ngc chiu.
1.4.2. S song song cng chiu.
Q = W1dt1 = W2 dt 2
Phng trnh cn bng nhit v truyn nhit dFx l:
Q = kt x dFx
1
thu c:
t0 = t1/ t 2/
t F t 0
t =
vi
t F
t F = t1// t 2//
ln
t 0
t
t'1
t1
C1
dt 1
t x
C2
t o
t2
t'2
O
t"1
t F
dt 2 t"2
d Fx
Fx
Fx
F
Hnh 1.6. S trao i nhit 2 cht lng song song cng chiu.
Cc cng thc trn dng khi: t0 tF 0.
Cc cng thc c bit khc c th tnh t theo:
t khi t0 = t F 0
1
t = (t 0 + t F )
2
0 khi t0 = t F = 0
1.4.3. Cc s khc.
tnh t cho cc s khc (song song i chiu, giao nhau 1 hay n ln), ta tnh
t theo s song song ngc chiu ri nhn vi h s t, c xc nh bng thc
t 2// t 2/
t1/ t1//
,
R
=
, loi s ): t = t . t (P, R,loi s ).
t1/ t 2/
t 2// t 2/
E0 =
Q
G (i // i / ) sp
. E0 cng ln th thit b cng tt.
=
Nb + Nq
5+3
(2770 4,18.27 )
3600
E0 =
= 92,3
5+3
, [m2/m3]
= F
V
F
25
=
= 1,6 m 2 / m 3
V 2.2.4
M
F
, [kg/m2]
1200
= 50kg / m 2 .
25
Q
,
Qmax
Trong :
Q = W1t1 = W2t2 = bF t l nhit cht lng 1 truyn cho cht lng 2 trong thit b.
Qmax l nhit cc i m cht lng 1 truyn cho cht lng 2 khi chy song song ngc
chiu vi din tch TN ln v cng F .
Khi hai cht lng chy song song ngc chiu v F th nhit ra cht lng c
W nh hn s bng nhit vo ca cht lng c W ln hn.
(
(
)
)
(
(
)
)
Qmax =
Wmint max
t
Q
=
= / max/
/
/
Qmax Wmin t1 t 2
t1 t 2
Q
bF t
t
= NTU / /
=
/
/
Qmax Wmin t1 t 2
t1 t 2
kF
gi l s n v chuyn nhit (Number of Tranfu Unit).
Wmin
Wmin
= m 1 v s chuyn ng ca cht
Wmax
W2
W1
W2
W1
t F
F
dt x
k W2
=
t t x 0 W2 1 W1 dFx
0
t
kF
ln F =
t 0 W2
kF
W2
W2
t
0 = e W2 W1 = e n (1 m ) .
1
t F
W1
W2
t 2 = nt 2 .
W1
t 0 t t 2
t t 2
=
=
=
t F t t1 t mt 2
t 2
t = 1 = e n (1 m ) .
1 m
t
1 m 2
t
thu c:
1 e n (1m )
= f (n, m) 1
1 me n (1m )
n
.
1+ n
1 e n (1+ m )
= f (n, m) .
1+ m
1
(
1 e 2 n ) .
2
2
1 + m2
1 + m + 1 + m 2 Coth n
Wmin
= 0 = 1- e-n mi s .
Wmax
+ khi m 0 th:
> > (Xem sch ri v theo, nh Word khng c)
> >
Do = max , = min .
1.6. CC BI TP V D:
1.6.1. V d v p dng phng trnh cn bng nhit truyn nhit.
Bi ton: Mt thng mng ng m = 500 kg dung dch c Cp2 = 2kJ/kgK, nhit
u t0 = 70C, c khuy u. ng xon dn du nng c thng s vo G1 = 9 kg/s, Cp1=
3,5kJ/kgK, t 1/ = 920C, din tch ng F1 = 0,785 m2, h s truyn nhit qua ng k = 103
W/m2K. Khi dung dch c t tp = 170C th xy ra phn ng pht nhit, vi cng sut sinh
0khi t t p
q0 (t t p ) = 0,88(t t p ) khi t t p
V NTU1 =
k1 F
G1C p1
1000.0,785
= 0,025 rt b W1 = G1Cp1 rt ln
9.3500
t1 = ( t 1/ - t 1// ) rt b coi t 1/ = t .
1) Khi t < tp , cha c phn ng, phng trnh cn bng nhit cho dung dch lc ,
sau d, ng vi nhit dung dch t t(dt):
(Nhit dung dch nhn t u) = ( tng Entanpy dung dch) + (Nhit ra mi trng).
k1F1(t 1/ - t) d = mCp2dt + k2F2( t tf)d
Hay:
/
k1 F1 + k 2 F2 k1 F1t1 + k 2 F2 t f
dt
+t
=
mC p 2
mC p 2
d
t tng ng bng:
b
dt
+ a1t = b1 dt = a1 t 1 = a1 (t t m1 )
d
a1
tp
p
t t
dt
= a1d ln p m1 = a1 p
t t m1 0
t 0 t m1
t0
p =
vi a1 =
1 t m1 t0
ln
a1 t m1 t p
k1 F1 + k 2 F2 1000.0,785 + 40.3,5
=
= 9,25.10 4 s 1 .
mC p 2
500.2000
/
b1 k1 F1t1 + k 2 F2t f 1000.0,785.92 + 40.3,5.30
=
= 82,86 0 C
tm1 = =
a1
k1 F1 + k 2 F2
1000.0,785 + 40.3,5
Do : p =
10 4
82,62 7
ln
= 153s
9,35 82,62 17
2) Khi t tp trong dung dch c phn ng sinh nhit q(t), phng trnh cn bng
nhit:
(nhit dung dch nhn t du) + (nhit dung dch nhn t phn ng) = ( tng entanpi) +
(nhit truyn ra mi trng)
k1F1(t1- t)d + mq0( t- tp)d = mCp2dt + k2F2(t tf)d
hay:
t bng:
+ a2t = b2 dt = -a2 t b2 = a2 (t t m 2 )
d
a2
t tm2
dt
= a 2 d ln
= a 2 t ( ) = t m 2 (t m 2 t p )e a
t tm2 0
t p tm2
tp
t
do :
vi: a2 =
tm2 =
ps =
1 tm2 t p
ln
a2 t m 2 t s
tm2 = 142,10C.
ps =
10 4 142,1 17
= 1346 s
ln
4,85 142,1 77
(t1/ t s ) (t1// t s )
= G2 r .
t1/ t s
ln //
t1 t s
//
t1 = ts + (t1 - ts)e
2) Tnh G2 = G1
kF
G1C p1
0,18.18
= 205,620 C .
1
.
1
,
2
C p1 (t1/ t1// )
r
- Hiu sut TN l =
t1// t s
t1/ t1//
kF
ln
=
= NTU 1
/
/
t1 t s
t1 t s G1C p1
ln //
t1 t s
=1
t max
t1/ t 2/
1,2(700 205,62)
= 0,29kg / s = 1043kg / h
2048
=
d
VC p 2
VC p 2
t bng:
dt
b
+ at = b dt = a t d = a(t t m )d
d
a
t tm
dt
= adt ln
= a .
t tm 0
t0 t m
t0
Hm nhit nc ra c dng:
(G1 + G2 )C p 2 + kF 1
,s
a =
VC
p
2
[ ]
[ ]
Nhit nc ra lc n nh l:
250
1000
2770 +
4,18.27 + 0,01.8.27
3600
t2// = lim t ( ) = tm = 3600
= 147,50 C
1
(250 + 1000)4,18 + 0,01.8
3600
G1C p 2 + kF
VC p 2
250
4,18 + 0,01.8
3600
=
= 8,86.10 5 s 1
1000.1.4,18
250
2770 + 0,01.8.27
G1i + kFt f
3600
tm0 =
=
= 525,340 C
250
G1C p + kF
4,18 + 0,01.8
3600
250
1788 = 1124 kg.
3600
CHNG 2:
3) Tnh nhit thit k: Theo phng trnh cn bng nhit v phng trnh truyn
nhit, tnh cc thng s nhit cn li ca cc cht lng, cc h s v k, t xc nh
din tch trao i nhit F.
4) Tnh kt cu: Xc nh mi thng s kt cu ca mt TN v ca thit b.
5) Tnh sc bn: Theo (p,t) lm vic v l thuyt sc bn vt liu, tnh chn vt liu
v dy ca cc mt chu (p,t) c trong thit b.
6) Tnh thu lc: Tnh tn tht p sut trn dng chy cc cht lng v tnh chn bm
qut.
7) Tnh iu khin: Tnh mng in ng lc v t ng iu khin cc hot ng
ca thit b.
8) Tnh kinh t: Tnh khi lng, gi thnh cc vt t v thit b, cc chi ph v hiu
qu kinh t khi trang b v vn hnh TBTN.
Tu theo yu cu, vic tnh nhit cho TBTN thng phn ra 2 bi ton: Tnh thit
k xc nh din tch TN v tnh kim tra kim tra hoc la chn thit b.
2.2. TNH NHIT THIT K THIT B TRAO I NHIT.
2.2.1. Pht biu bi ton tnh nhit thit k 1 TBTN.
Cho trc nhit vo, ng lng nc v cng sut nhit trao i ca 2 cht
lng (SP v MC), cn tnh din tch TN ca thit b:
Cho (t1/, t2/, W1, W2, Q) tnh F.
2.2.2. Cc bc tnh nhit thit k.
1) Tnh nhit ra 2 cht lng theo phng trnh cn bng nhit:
Q = W1(t1/-t1//) = W2(t2//-t2/) t1// = t1 2) Tnh t theo s chn: t =
Q
Q
v t2// = t2 +
W1
W2
1
(t0 t F ) t ( P, R, loi s ).
t 0
ln
t F
3) Tnh 1, 2 vi cht lng 1, cht lng 2 theo cc cng thc thc nghim to nhit
bng phng php lp sai s cho php.
4) Tnh h s truyn nhit k = k( 1, 2, i, i).
5) Tnh din tch trao i nhit: F =
Q
.
k t
q 1 q 2
khng vt qu gi tr
q 1
d2
2 ) nhiu lp i/i, cao h, 2 mt
d1
1 / //
t1 + t1 , vn tc 1 (chn trc hay tnh theo
2
4G
G
1
= 2 ) v cht lng 2 c tf2 = t 2/ + t 2// , 2 xc nh nh trn.
f d
2
Tnh 1, 2.
Hnh 2.1. Bi ton phng.
- Cc bc tnh lp:
1) Chn nhit vch tw1 trong khong tf2 tf1.
2) Tnh 1 =
1
h
u1
t W1 t W 2
i
i
tW2 = tW1 - q1 i
5) Tnh 2 =
2
h
N u 2 (Re 2Gr 2 Pr 2 ) theo cng thc thc nghim pha cht lng 2.
q 2
.
q 1
7) So snh sai s q v [ ] :
Nu q - [ ] > 0 q > [ ] thay i tW1 v lp li cc bc 2 7
Nu q - [ ] 0 q [ ] ly 1, 2 nh trn.
.
= l + bx = Nu (Re, Gr , Pr) + W
h
TW T f
2.2.3.2. Bi ton tr
- Bi ton: chn ng tr dy i/i, mt din tch tip xc cht lng 1 c tf1 =
4G1
4G
1 / //
1
(
t1 t1 ) , 1 =
, mt d2 tip xc cht lng 2 c tf2 = (t 2/ t 2// ) , 2 = 2 2 . Tnh
2
2
d1 1
2
d 2 2
1,2.
Hnh 2.2. Bi ton tr.
_ Cc bc tnh lp:
1) Chn nhit vch tw1 trong khong tf2 tf1.
2) Tnh 1 =
1
h
u1
2
d2
1
2i
ln
t W 1 t W 2
1
di + 1
ln
2 i
di
di + 1
.
di
N u 2 (Re 2Gr 2 Pr 2 ) theo cng thc thc nghim pha cht lng 2.
ql 2
.
ql 1
7) So snh sai s q v [ ] :
Nu q - [ ] > 0 q > [ ] thay i tW1 v lp li cc bc 2 7
Nu q - [ ] 0 q [ ] ly 1, 2 nh trn.
2.2.4. Tnh h s truyn nhit v mt TN.
1) Vch phng hoc tr mng, khng c cnh.
1 W
Tnh F theo Q = kF t vi k = + i + , 2
i 2 m K
1
tc l F =
Q 1
1 2
, m .
+ i +
i 2
t 1
[ ]
Q
t
vi c =
b
F2 h1 + 2b
=
= 1 + 2 F1
F1
h1
h1
1
1 2
, m .
+ +
1 c 2
[ ]
3) Vch tr dy ( c
d2
2 ) khng c cnh:
d1
Thay cho tnh din tch F, ngi ta tnh chiu di l ca ng tr theo phng trnh Q =
1
lql = kl t l vi kl =
1
d
1
1
, [W/mK] . Khi c l =
ln i +1 +
+
d
2
2 n +1
i
i
1 1
n
d
Q 1 1
1
1
+
+
.
ln i +1 , [m] .
di
2i
t 1d1 2 d i +1
1
F02 W
, 2 .
k0 = + +
1 2 c F2 m K
= r 1 r0
F02 = 2r1h1
F2 = F02 + Fc2
Fc2 = 2( r22 t21).
r2
, m(r2 r0 ) , vi m =
r0
c = f
2 2
/
//
Q = W1 (t1 t1 )
/
//
Q = W2 (t 2 t 2 )
/
//
//
/
Q = kF (t1 t 2 )/ (t1// t 2 )
(t t )
ln 1// 2/
(t1 t2 )
(1)
(2)
(3)
(t
/
1
ln
t / t //
(t1// t2/ ) W1 t1
ln 1// 2/
t1 t 2
) (
)
(
)
(
)
W1
t1 , (5).
W2
W1
(
kF
t1// t 2/ )
= m1 th (4) c dng: / // = exp [n1 (m1 1)].
= n1 v
Nu gi
(t1 t2 )
W1
W2
(t
(t
//
1
/
1
t 2/ )
t1// t 2/ t1/ + t 2//
t (m 1)
t t
1
=
= exp [n1 (m1 1)]- 1. Gii
= / 2/ 1 = / 1/ 1
/
//
/
/
//
t2 )
t1 t 2 t 2 + t 2 (t1 t 2 ) t 2
t1 t 2 m1t1
(t1/ t2/ ) = kF 1 t2 =
t 2/ ) (t1// t 2// )
.
Theo
W
t
=
kF
t
c:
ln
1
1
(t1// t2// ) W1 t1
(t / t / )
ln //1 2//
(t1 t2 )
(t
/
1
t1// t 2//
= e n1 (m1 +1) ly 1= 1 tr cho phng trnh ny ta c:
t1/ t 2/
1-
t1 = (t1/ t 2/ )
(
(
)
)
/
/
Q = Wt 1 = W1 t1 t 2 P(m1 , n1 )
n1 =
kF
l NTU ca cht lng nng.
W1
m1 =
W2
l t s ng lng nc nng/ lnh.
W1
n =
Nhn xt:
coi
][
[
Qp
Qz
Qp
Qz
< 1 nn Q ngc chiu > Q cng chiu. Khi m1 < 0,05 hay m1 > 10 th
2) So snh c s khc.
Q ngc chiu > Q giao nhau > Q vung gc > Q cng chiu, khi c cng n1, m1.
2.4. V d v tnh thit k TBTN kiu ng lng.
2.4.1. Bi ton thit ks:
Cng ngh cn un nng G2 = 3200 kg/h nc lnh t t/2 = 150C ln t//2 = 450C, bng
mi cht l nc nng c G1 = 2130 kg/h, nhit vo t/1 = 950C.
Chn TBTN kiu ng lng ni tip, ng trong dn nc nng c d2/d1 = 35/ 32
mm, bng thp c = 45W/mK, ng ngoi ng knh D = 48 mm, chiu di l = 2m.
Tnh tng din tch truyn nhit F, h s mdun N v hiu sut TN ca Thit b.
2.4.2. Cc bc tnh thit k.
1) Tnh Q, t//1 theo phng trnh cn bng nhit: Q = G1Cp1 (t1/ t1// ) = G2Cp2 (t 2// t 2/ ).
Q=
3200
4,18(45 15) = 111,5 kW.
3600
Q
111,5.3600
= 95
= 42 0 C .
G1C p1
2130.4,19
t//1 = t/1 -
(t
/
1
45
(t t )
ln
ln 1// 2/
(50 15)
(t1 t2 )
W/mK,
1 / // 1
t1 + t1 = (95 + 50 ) = 72,50 C tra TSVL nc c: 1 = 976 kg/m3, 1 =
2
2
0,4.10-6m2/s,
Prk
2,5.
Tc
nc
nng
4G1
4.2130
=
= 0,754 m / s .
2
1d1 3600.3,14.976.0,032 2
- Theo tf2 =
0,61
W/mK,
1 / // 1
t 2 + t 2 = (15 + 45) = 30 0 C tra TSVL nc c: 1 = 996 kg/m3, 1 =
2
2
0,805.10-6m2/s, Prk
5,42.
3200
G2
4G2
3600
=
=
=1 m/ s .
2
2
2
f 2 2 D d 2 2 3,14 48 352 .10 4.996
4.
Tc
nc
lnh
2 =
b.
Tnh
1:
Pat
Pru
Ref
1
4
1d1 0,754.0,032
=
= 60320 10 4
6
0,4.10
1
Vi
1
(t f 1 + t f 2 ) = 1 (72, ,5 + 30) = 51,250 C
2
2
1
d1
chy
L 2000
=
50
d1
32
Pr
3,5.
ri:
chn
tW1
N uf 1
0,67
2,5 4
=
0,021.60320 0,8.2,50, 43
= 4000 W / m 2 K .
0,032
3,5
c. Tnh 2: V ng mng, ln, coi tW1 = tW2 = 51,25 PrW2 = 3,5.ng knh
tng ng ca hnh xuyn D/d2 l:
4f
=
dt =
u
Re2=
(D
4
d 22
(D + d )
= D d = 48 35 = 13 mm .
2 d td
1.0,013
=
= 16149 10 4 chy ri.
0,805.10 6
2
Cng thc thc nghim tnh khi chy ri trong ng lng D/d2 l: dt =
4f
=
u
(D
d 22
(D + d )
Re2 =
= D d = 48 35 = 13 mm .
2 d td
1.0,013
=
= 16149 10 4 chy ri.
6
0,805.10
2
0 ,18
Prt
PrW
4
= 4270 W/m2K.
2 (t W2 t f 2 )
4270(51,25 30)
= 1
= 6,8% < 10% ly 1, 2 nh trn.
4000(72,5 51,25)
1 (t W1 t f 1 )
4) Tnh k, F v s modun N.
d 2 35
1
1
=
< 1,4 coi l vch phng dy = (d 2 d1 ) = (35 32) = 1,5
d1 32
2
2
V ng mng,
1
mm nn c k =
F=
0,0015
1
1 1
2
=
+
+
+
= 1932 W/ m K.
45
4270
2 4000
Q
111,5.103
=
= 1,374 m 2 .
1932.42
k t
S moodun N =
F
1,374
=
= 6,83 chn N = 7.
d1 L 3,14.0,032.2
t max
t1/ t 2/
t1/ t1// 95 50
=
= 56% .
t1/ t 2/ 95 15
k
, ts2 = 1800C, r2 =
k
2015 kJ/ kg, Cph = 2 kJ/kgK. ng cong t(Fx) ca sn phm v hi c dng nh hnh H
25. L hi ny c coi l 3 TBTN ngc chiu ghp ni tip, hm nc trn F0, si ho
hi trn Fs v qu nhit trn Fq. Phng trnh cn bng nhit v phng trnh truyn nhit
cho mi dng thit b c dng:
/
//
G1C p1 t1/ t11 = G2C ph t 2// t s = kFq t1 t 2 t11 t s
t t
ln 10// s
t1 t s
ln 10// s
t1 t s
/
//
G C t / t = G C t // t = kF t1 t 2 t11 t s
s
q
2 ph 2
1 p1 1 11
t t
ln 10// s
t1 t s
(
(
(
(
(
(
)(
)(
)(
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
Thay s
Kt
qu
36.103
2(250 180)
3600
1400
kW
1400
45.1,2
724
522
m2
s
Qq = G2C ph (t 2// t s )
Nhit
qu nhit
Nhit
khi ra
t trn Fq
t q
Din tch b
qu nhit
Nhit
ho hi
Nhit
Fq = t11 = t 1/
khi ra Fs
(t
=
/
1
Qp
750
G1C p1
) (
t 2// t11 t s
t/ t/
ln 1 2
t11 t s
750 250
724 180
C
C
Q
F=
k t q
1400.103
200.522
13
Qs = G2r2
36.103.2015
3600
20150 kW
20150
724 45.1,2
351
724 351
724 180
ln
351 180
322
t10 = t11 -
Qs
G1C p1
(t11 t s ) (t10 t s )
C
C
t trn Fs
t q =
Din
tch
Q
F= s
k t s
20150.103
200.322
313
m2
hm
Qs = G2Cp2 (t s t 2/ )
36000
4,18(180 27 )
3600
6395
kW
Q0
t = t10
G1C p1
6395
351
45.1,2
233
188
6395.103
200.188
170
m2
si
Nhit
si
Nhit
khi thi
t trn F0
t t
ln 11 s
t10 t s
//
1
t0
(t t ) (t1// t 2/ )
= 10 s
ln
Din tch b
hm
Q
F0 = 0
k t 0
t10 t s
t1// t 2/
C
C
Tng
din
F = F0+Fs+Fq
tch
Hiu
sut
TN
t1/ t1//
t1/ t 2/
170+322+13
750 233
750 27
505
m2
71,5
41,16
Qn
=`
= 1,64 kg/ss.
//
/
C pn (t n t n ) 4,18(26 20)
(t
) (
t n// t k t n/
26 20
=
= 6,550C.
//
30 20
tk tn
ln
ln
30 26
t k t n/
1 / // 1
-6
2
t n + t n = (26 + 20) = 230 C tra TSVL nc c: = 10 m /s, = 0,6
2
2
d1 1,5.0,012
=
= 18000 > 104 chy ri, c:
6
10
Nuf
P
= 0,021R ef0,8 P 0rf, 43 rL
PrW
4
l
vi l l 50 = 1, chn tw1 =
d
1
(t k + t s ) =
2
4
1
(30 + 23) = 26,50 C Prw = 5,5 2 = N uf = 0,6 .0,021.180000,8 7 = 6531 W/m2K.
d
0,012
2
5,5
d12 m =
4Gn
4.1,64
=
= 9,7 m = 10 ng,
2
3,14.998.1,5.0,012 2
d1
chn z = 4 v n = Nm = 20.
Theo tk = 300C tra TSVL ca R12 c: = 1293 kg/m3, r = 1,384.105 J/kg, = 0,067
W/mK, = 2,6.10-6 Ns/m2. Coi tw2 = tw1 = 26,5 0C v MC ln.
Theo cng thc Nesselt, ngng trn ng ngang l:
1
rg 2 3 4
1,384.105.9,81.12932.0,067 3
= 0,728
= 6473W / m 2 K
N = 0,728
6
2,6.10 (30 26,5)0,014
td 2