You are on page 1of 154

PHN I. Trin khai Gateways H.323 1. H.323 Gateway H.

323 GW thc hin cc chc nng sau: Chuyn i gia cc nh dng m thanh, video, v d liu Chuyn i gia cc tn hiu thit lp cuc gi v cc th tc Chuyn i gia cc tn hiu iu khin giao tip v cc th tc Mt gateway H.323 l ty chn ca thit b u cui cung cp kh nng tng tc gia cc thit b u cui H.323 v thit b u cui nm trn mt mng chuyn mch mch (SCN), chng hn nh mng (PSTN) hoc mng voice doanh nghip. L tng nht, gateway thng sut i vi c thit b u cui H.323 v thit b u cui SCN. 1.1. H.323 and IP

H.323 c to ra cung cp mt c ch vn chuyn cc ng dng a phng tin trn mng LAN. Mc d rt nhiu nh cung cp vn s dng H.323 cho cc ng dng hi ngh truyn hnh, nhng n nhanh chng pht trin gii quyt cc nhu cu ngy cng tng ca cc mng VoIP. Hin nay H.323 l giao thc bo hiu v iu khin cuc gi VoIP

c s dng rng ri nht cho cc cuc gi quc t v trong nc, x l hng t pht s dng mi nm H.323 c coi l mt "umbrella protocol" bi v n xc nh tt c cc giai on ca 1 cuc gi, t thit lp cuc gi n kh nng trao i ngun ti nguyn mng. H.323 nh ngha cc giao thc sau: H.245 cho kh nng trao i H.225 cho thit lp cuc gi H.225 ng k, kt np, v trng thi (RAS) iu khin nh tuyn cuc gi Chc nng bo hiu cuc gi: chc nng bo hiu cuc gi s dng mt knh bo hiu cuc gi cho php mt thit b u cui to ra cc kt ni vi cc thit b u cui khc. Chc nng bo hiu cuc gi nh ngha cc th tc thit lp cuc gi, da trn cc th tc thit lp cuc gi cho ISDN (theo quy nh ti Khuyn ngh ITU-T Q.931). Cc chc nng bo hiu cuc gi s dng gi tin theo nh dng H.225. Chc nng iu khin H.245 : Chc nng iu khin H.245 s dng mt knh iu khin vn chuyn cc gi tin iu khin gia cc thit b u cui hoc gia mt thit b u cui v mt thnh phn iu khin thng thng, chng hn nh mt gatekeeper hoc n v a iu khin (MCU). Cc knh iu khin c s dng bi chc nng iu khin H.245 ring bit vi cc knh bo hiu cuc gi. Chc nng iu khin H.245 chu trch nhim sau: - Tn hiu knh logic: ng ,m cc knh mang cc dng truyn thng a phng tin - Kh nng trao i: thng lng kh nng ca b m thanh, video, v b m ha - gii m (codec) gia cc thit b u cui - Master hoc tr li xc nh: Xc nh im cui no l Master tr li, c s dng gii quyt xung t trong sut cuc gi - Ch yu cu: Yu cu thay i ch , hoc kh nng ca cc dng truyn thng a phng tin - nh thi v gi tr b m: xc lp gi tr cho b nh thi v b m, tho thun ca nhng gi tr bi cc thit b u cui Chc nng bo hiu RAS: Chc nng bo hiu RAS s dng mt knh bo hiu ring bit (mt knh RAS) thc hin ng k, kt np, thay i bng thng, ng thi tho g cc th tc gia cc thit b u cui v mt gatekeeper. Cc chc nng bo hiu RAS s dng gi tin nh dng H.225

1.2. H.323 Adapted to an IP Example

2. Ti sao li chn H.323 K hoch quay s c th c cu hnh trc tip trn gateway: iu ny gip n c th x l cc cuc gi c bit ngay trn gateway, ging nh cc cuc gi kt ni trc tip ti in thoi tng t, m khng dn ng chng ti CUCM. Mt la chn khc l nh tuyn cuc gi trn gateway c chuyn hng ti cc site khc m khng gi ti CUCM cluster. B chuyn i c th c nh ngha trn mi gateway: iu ny gip n c th p ng cc yu cu nh vic thay i cc bn tham gia cuc gi hoc cc nh dng s c bit. iu ny cng gip n c th chuyn i tt c cc cuc gi n trc tip trn gateway p ng nh dng s ni b c s dng v sau ch gi ni b vi nhng s trn CUCM cluster trong h thng. Cu hnh nh tuyn cuc gi c th c c th hn trn CUCM: Cisco IOS Gateway cho php chuyn i v kt hp s c gi v s thc hin cuc gi, c th ci thin nh tuyn cuc gi. (CUCM ch ph hp vi s c gi). Khng cn phi cu hnh nh tuyn cuc gi m rng lin quan n SRST: Bi v cu hnh nh tuyn cuc gi c thc hin trc tip trn gateway, bn khng cn phi cu

hnh nh tuyn hai ln. iu ny bi v Cisco Unified SRST ang s dng cc thng s cu hnh tng t nhau nh tuyn cuc gi nh H.323 gateway lm. Khng c ph thuc vo phin bn CUCM: Bi v cu hnh c thc hin trn gateway v H.323 umbrella l mt giao thc peer-to-peer, Communications Manager khng cn phi h tr phin bn Cisco IOS c bit hoc ngc li. Nhiu loi giao din thoi c h tr: H.323 h tr nhiu card giao din hn l MGCP hoc bt k giao thc da trn m hnh client / server no khc ISDN Non-Facility Associated Signaling (NFAS) c h tr: H.323 h tr ISDN Non-Facility Associated Signaling (NFAS) trong khi MGCP th khng H tr Fax c ci thin: Fax h tr H.323 gateway tt hn MGCP gateway v H.323 h tr T.37, T.38, v H.323 gateway c th nh tuyn 1 s fax DID trc tip n mt cng FXS trn gateway Bo ton cuc gi c nng cao Regional Requirements Example

Trong trng hp ny, s 917216111 t Ty Ban Nha (Madrid) gi ti Hoa K v c. Bi v tin t quay s trc tip quc t (IDD) ca Ty Ban Nha l 43, s c gi ra bn ngoi c cp bi cc nh cung cp Ty Ban Nha l 43917216111. Cc th tc sau y cho php chnh sa s m bo rng mi ngi c th gi li Madrid t danh sch cuc gi nh trong in thoi IP Cisco ca h: - Madrid ang gi Berni ti Hoa K. S ca Madrid l 43917216111 - Khi cuc gi n Gateway bn trong Hoa K, s ang gi(43917216111) c chuyn i p ng cc quy nh quay s thng thng ca HoaK. iu ny c ngha l s s dng cc thng s dch sau: + S 9 u tin l m truy cp cho cc cuc gi t bn ngoi mng cng ty + 011 l tin t quay s quc t - Danh sch cc cuc gi nh cho Berni hin th mt cuc gi t 901143917216111, v c th gi li cho Madrid - Madrid ang gi ti Bill c. S ang gi t Madrid l 43917216111 - Khi cuc gi n vo gateway c, s bn gi (43917216111) c chuyn i p ng cc quy nh quay s thng thng c. iu ny c ngha l s s dng cc thng s dch sau: + S 0 u tin l m truy cp cho cc cuc gi t bn ngoi mng cng ty + 00 l tin t quay s quc t - Danh sch cc cuc gi nh cho Bill hin th mt cuc gi t 00043917216111, v c th gi li cho Madrid 3. Cc thnh phn mng H.323

Thit b u cui - H.320-ISDN - H.323 - H.324- plain old telephone service (POTS) Gateway Gatekeeper Multipoint control units(MCU) Cisco UBEs - also know as session border 3.1. H.323 Terminals im u cui H.323 l im u cui cung cp thoi thi gian thc (c th l data hoc video) lin lc vi im u cui khc (im u cui H.323 hoc MCU) bao gm iu khin, ch s, audio, di chuyn mu sc video hoc d liu gia 2 u cui. Mt im u cui hoc ch c th cung cp audio, hoc audio+data, hoc audio+video, hoc audio+data+video.

Mt u cui H.323 phi c kh nng truyn v nhn gi tin thoi c m ha chun G.711 c ly mu PCM 64kbps v c th h tr mt s chun m ha khc nh G.729 hoc G.723.1 3.2. H.324 Terminals H.324 l 1 khuyn ngh cho truyn thoi, video v data da trn in thoi analog. N s dng mt modem 33.600 bps truyn ti v cc gi codec H.263 m ha video, G.723 m ha m thanh 3.3. H.323 Gateways

Gateway H.323 l mt thit b u cui trn mng LAN cung cp truyn thng thi gian thc gia cc thit b u cui H.323 trn mng LAN v cc thit b u cui ITU khc trn mt mng WAN hoc cc gateway H.323 khc. Gateway cho php thit b u cui H.323 c th giao tip vi cc thit b ang chy cc giao thc khc. N cung cp chuyn i giao thc gia cc thit b ang chy loi giao thc khc nhau. Mt gateway H.323 thc hin cc chc nng sau:

Dch gia cc nh dng m thanh, video, v d liu Chuyn i gia cc th tc v cc tn hiu thit lp cuc gi Chuyn i gia cc tn hiu iu khin giao tip v th tc

3.4. Cisco UBEs

3.4. H.323 Gatekeepers

Mt gatekeeper H.323 l mt thc th H.323 trn mng LAN lm nhim v dch a ch v kim sot truy cp mng LAN cho cc thit b u cui H.323, gateway, v cc MCU. Gatekeeper l cc node ty chn, qun l thit b u cui trong mng H.323. Thit b u cui giao tip vi gatekeeper bng cch s dng giao thc RAS. Thit b u cui ng k vi gatekeeper khi n khi ng. Khi n mun giao tip vi thit b u cui khc, n yu cu kt np (admission) bt u mt cuc gi bng cch s dng mt b danh tng trng cho thit b u cui, chng hn nh mt a ch E.164 hoc mt a ch e-mail. Nu gatekeeper quyt nh rng cc cuc gi c th tin hnh, n s tr v mt a ch IP ch cho thit b u cui ngun. a ch IP c th khng phi l a ch thc ca cc thit b u cui ch, m c th l mt a ch trung gian, chng hn nh a ch ca mt proxy hoc mt gatekeeper. Gatekeeper Cisco qun l cuc gi H.323, bao gm kim sot kt np, qun l bng thng, v nh tuyn dch v cho cc cuc gi trong mng. Phm vi ca cc thit b u cui m gatekeeper qun l c gi l 1 zone. H.323 xc nh 1 mi quan h mt-mt gia mt zone v mt gatekeeper. Gatekeeper thc hin cc chc nng: Dch a ch: Chuyn i mt a ch b danh thnh mt a ch IP

Kim sot kt np: Gii hn truy cp vo ti nguyn mng da trn hn ch bng thng cuc gi Kim sot bng thng: p ng cc yu cu bng thng v sa i Qun l Zone: Cung cp cc dch v ng k thit b u cui Gatekeeper cng c th thc hin cc chc nng sau: iu khin tn hiu cuc gi: thc hin tn hiu cuc gi i din cho cc thit b u cui (gatekeeper nh tuyn tn hiu cuc gi) Chng thc cuc gi: T chi cc cuc gi khi chng thc tht bi Qun l bng thng: Gii hn s lng truy cp ng thi ti ti nguyn mng IP (CAC) Qun l cuc gi: Duy tr cc cuc gi ang din ra 3.5. n v a iu khin (MCU)

MCU l mt thit b u cui trn mng cho php ba hoc nhiu hn cc thit b u cui tham gia vo mt hi ngh a im. N iu khin v pha trn video, m thanh, v cc d liu t cc thit b u cui to ra mt hi ngh a phng tin mnh m. MCU cng c

th kt ni hai thit b u cui trong mt hi ngh im-im, sau c th pht trin thnh 1 hi ngh a im. 4. Thit lp v duy tr cuc gi H.323 Mc d H.323 da trn cc m hnh hnh iu khin phn phi cuc gi, nhng n th hin m hnh iu khin cuc gi tp trung. Cc cuc gi c th c thit lp gia cc thnh phn bt k: Endpoint to enpoint: s thng minh ca thit b u cui H.323 cho php n hot ng 1 cch ch ng. Trong ch hot ng ny, cc thit b u cui xc nh v tr thit b u cui khc thng qua c ch khng tiu chun (nonstandard ) v bt u giao tip trc tip gia cc thit b u cui. Endpoint to gatekeeper: Khi mt gatekeeper c thm vo mng, thit b u cui s tng thch vi gatekeeper bng cch s dng cc knh RAS. Gatekeeper to gatekeeper: Trong m hnh c nhiu gatekeeper, cc gatekeeper giao tip vi nhau da trn knh RAS. 5. Bo hiu cuc gi H.323

Cc cuc gi H.323 c th din ra khi c hoc khng c gatekeeper. S trn cho thy H.323 trao i thit lp cuc gi c bn gia hai Gateway. Gatekeeper khng c mt trong v d ny. Mc d cc gateway c hin th, cc th tc tng t c s dng khi mt hoc c hai thit b u cui l cc thit b u cui H.323. Basic Call Setup: Th tc khi khng c gatekeeper bao gm cc bc sau: 1. Gateway ngun s khi to mt phin H.225 vi gateway ch trn cng TCP 1720 c ng k. Gateway s xc nh a ch IP ca gateway ch ni b. Gateway c a ch IP ca thit b u cui ch trong cu hnh ca n hoc n bit mt h thng DNS phn gii tn min cho thit b ch. 2. Th tc thit lp cuc gi da trn Q.931 to ra mt knh truyn tn hiu cuc gi gia cc thit b u cui. 3. Cc thit b u cui m mt knh khc cho cc chc nng iu khin H.245. Chc nng iu khin H.245 s thng lng kh nng v trao i ca knh logic. 4. Nhng m t knh logic m phin Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP). 5. Cc thit b u cui trao i a phng tin qua cc phin RTP, bao gm c vic trao i thng k cht lng cuc gi bng cch s dng Real-Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP). Thit lp cuc gi H.323 nhanh

Th tc kt ni nhanh bao gm cc bc sau: 1. gateway ngun s khi to mt phin kt ni H.225 vi gateway ch bng cng TCP 1720 c ng k. 2.th tc thit lp cuc gi da trn Q.931 to ra mt knh truyn tn hiu cuc gi kt hp v iu khin knh cho H.245. Kh nng v m t knh logic c trao i trong th tc thit lp cuc gi Q.931. 3. knh logic m t s m phin RTP. 4. Cc thit b u cui trao i a phng tin UDP qua cc phin RTP. 6. Hi nghi a im H.323

Tt c cc loi ca hi ngh a im da trn 1 MCU duy nht phi hp cc bn tham gia hi ngh. Mi thit b u cui c mt knh iu khin H.245 kt ni ti MCU. C MCU v thit b u cui bt u thit lp knh iu khin. H.323 nh ngha 3 loi hi ngh sau: Hi ngh a im tp trung: Cc thit b u cui phi c knh m thanh, video, hoc d liu kt ni vi mt b x l a im (MP). B x l a im MP thc hin qu trnh trn v chuyn mch m thanh, video, v d liu, v nu MP h tr, mi thit b u cui c th hot ng trong mt ch khc nhau. Hi ngh a im phn tn: Cc thit b u cui khng c kt ni n mt b x l a im MP. Thay vo , thit b u cui s multicast cc dng m thanh, video, v d liu ca h ti tt c cc thnh vin tham gia hi ngh. Bi v b x l a im MP khng sn sng cho chuyn mch v trn, bt c vic trn cc dng tn hiu ca hi ngh l chc nng ca thit b u cui, v tt c cc thit b u cui phi s dng cng mt thng s truyn thng. Hi ngh a im Ad hoc: 2 thit b u cui bt k trong mt cuc gi c th chuyn i mi quan h ca chng thnh hi ngh im-im. Nu khng thit b u cui no c MC collocated, dch v ca gatekeeper s c s dng. Khi hi ngh

im-im c to ra, cc thit b u cui khc tr thnh mt phn ca hi ngh bng cch chp nhn mt li mi t mt thit b u cui ang tham gia, hoc thit b u cui ny c th yu cu tham gia hi ngh. 7. Cu hnh Gateway H.323 Thit lp mt gateway H.323 bao gm cc im sau: Kch hot dch v cuc gi VoIP H.323 (yu cu) Cu hnh mt giao din nh giao din gateway H.323 (yu cu) Cu hnh codec (ty chn) iu chnh b nh thi H.323 (ty chn) Cu hnh m kp a tn (DTMF) v chuyn tip fax (ty chn)

Ty thuc vo hon cnh trin khai, bn c th cu hnh ch c cc tnh nng cn thit hoc thm cc ty chn sn c cho H.323 gateway. V d cu hnh H.323

Trong tnh hung trn, c hai site ang s dng mt gateway Cisco IOS H.323 c kh nng kt ni t xa. L mt qun tr mng, bn c giao nhim v thit lp h thng VoIP H.323 da trn mng gia hai site ca cng ty. Cc yu cu nh sau: S dng H.323 lm giao thc bo hiu. ID ca gateway H.323 l gw1. Mt giao din loopback (lo0) l c s dng kt ni n site xa. Multiple Codec phi m phn theo th t sau: - G.711 - G.729E. ng k a ch E.164 phi c cu hnh bi v 1 s s in thoi trc tip kt ni ti Gateway. B nh thi H.323 cn phi c iu chnh. Bc 1: Kch hot dch v H.323 VoIP trn ton cu Hon thnh nhng substeps ny. 1. Vo mode cu hnh dch v thoi xc nh mt kiu ng gi router(config)# voice service {pots | voatm | vofr | voip}

Mode cu hnh dch v thoi c s dng cho cc lnh gi dch v thoi c nh hng n global gateway. 2. Kch hot tnh nng x l cuc gi H.323 v cho php cu hnh dch v thoi H.323 . router (conf-voi-serv) # h323 3. Kch hot dch v. router (conf-voi-serv) # no shutdown Bc 2: Cu hnh mt giao din nh gateway H.323. 1.Vo ch cu hnh giao din cho cc giao din c kt ni vi gatekeeper. router(config)# interface interface 2. Cp a ch IP cho giao din ny. router(config-if)# ip address ip-address network-mask 3. Xc minh giao din ny l giao din VoIP gateway. router(config-if)# h323-gateway voip interface

4. t tn cho gateway. router(config-if)# h323-gateway voip h323-id name 5.Ch nh mt a ch IP ngun cho voice gateway router(config-if)# h323-gateway voip bind srcaddr ip-address Lnh ny thit lp a ch IP ngun s dng cho gateway. a ch IP s dng cho H.323 i ra, trong bao gm H.225, H.245, v bn tin RAS. Bn khng phi cp pht lnh ny trn giao din m bn nh ngha nh giao din cng thoi (mc d n c th thun tin hn lm nh vy). S dng lnh ny trn giao din c cha a ch IP m bn mun lin kt ti (v d, mt giao din loopback) 8. Cu hnh Codecs trn Gateway H.323

Thng thng, bn ch cu hnh mt b codec khi bn cu hnh dial-peer trn gateway. Tuy nhin, bn c th cu hnh mt danh sch u tin cc b codec tng xc sut thit lp kt ni gia thit b u cui trong giai on trao i H.245. Mc ny ch ra lm th no cu hnh thng lng codec v lm th no cu hnh mt codec. Codec-order preservation c kch hot theo mc nh trong gateway Cisco chy Cisco

IOS Release 12.3(1) v phin bn sau ny. Khng cn cu hnh thm. cu hnh codec cho mt dial-peer, s dng cc lnh sau: Bc 1: cu hnh thng thng codec, trc tin bn phi to ra mt lp codec m thanh v to ra danh sch cc codec theo th t u tin ca chng. Hon thnh cc substeps cu hnh m phn gii m. 1. Vo mode cu hnh voice v ch nh mt s nh danh cho lp gii m ging ni ny. router (config) # voice class codec tag Lnh ny ch to ra cc lp voice codec la chon u tin v gn th nh danh. 2. Xc nh mt danh sch u tin codec s dng trn dial peer. router(config-class)# codec preference value codec-type [bytes payload-size] Value The order of preference, with 1 being the most preferred and 14 being the least preferred. clear-channelClear Channel 64,000 bps g711alawG.711 a-law 64,000 bps g711ulawG.711 mu-law 64,000 bps g723ar53G.723.1 Annex A 5300 bps g723ar63G.723.1 Annex A 6300 bps g723r53G.723.1 5300 bps g723r63G.723.1 6300 bps g726r16G.726 16,000 bps g726r24G.726 24,000 bps g726r32G.726 32,000 bps g728G.728 16,000 bps g729abr8G.729 Annex A and Annex B 8000 bps g729br8G.729 Annex B 8000 bps g729r8G.729 8000 bps gsmamr-nbEnables Global System for Mobile Communications Adaptive Multirate Narrow Band (GSMAMR-NB) codec capability gsmefrGlobal System for Mobile Communications Enhanced Full Rate (GSMEFR) 12,200 bps gsmfrGlobal System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Full Rate

codec-type

bytes payload-size

(GSMFR) 13,200 bps ilbcinternet Low Bit Rate Codec (iLBC) at 13,330 bps or 15,200 bps. transparentEnables codec capabilities to be passed transparently between endpoints (Optional) Number of bytes you specify as the voice payload of each frame. Values depend on the codec type and the packet voice protocol

3. Vo ch cu hnh dial-peer cho VoIP dial peer. router(config)# dial-peer voice tag voip m phn cc codec, bn s ch nh cu hnh danh sch la chn u tin codec bng cch s dng lnh sau y. router(config-dial-peer)# voice-class codec tag 5. xc nh mt codec hoc dial-peer VoIP router(config-dial-peer)# codec {clear-channel | g711alaw | g711ulaw | g723ar53 | g723ar63 | g723r53 | g723r63 | g726r16 | g726r24 | g726r32 | g726r53 | g726r63 | g728 | g729abr8 | g729ar8 | g729br8 | g729r8 | gsmefr | gsmfr} [bytes payload_size] 9. iu chnh b nh thi H.323 4.

Bc 1: iu chnh timer H.323. 1. To mt lp voice H.323 v vo mode voice class configuration mode. router(config)# voice class h323 tag 2. thit lp TCP H.225 khi to gi tr thi gian ch cho VoIP dial peers, cu hnh H.225 TCP thit lp gi tr thi gian ch. router(config-class)# h225 timeout tcp establish seconds 3. Configure the setup response timeout value. Router(config-class)# h225 timeout setup value 4. Enter the dial-peer configuration mode for the VoIP dial peer. router(config)# dial-peer voice tag voip 5. Assign the previously configured H.323 voice class to this VoIP dial peer. router(config-dial-peer)# voice-class h323 tag 6. Enter voice-service configuration mode to specify a voice-encapsulation type.

router(config)# voice service {pots | voatm | vofr | voip} 7. Enable the H.323 voice service configuration commands. router(conf-voi-serv)# h323 8. To set a timer for an idle call connection, change the idle timer for concurrent calls. router(conf-serv-h323)# h225 timeout tcp call-idle {value value | never}

Lnh ny quy nh c th thi gian duy tr 1 thit lp kt ni TCP H.225 khi khng c cuc gi kt ni. Nu b m thi gian ht hn, kt ni c ng li. Nu b nh thi chy v bt k cuc gi c thc hin kt ni, b nh thi dng li. Khi tt c cc cuc gi c xa trn kt ni, b m thi gian bt u m li. 10. Configuring H.323 Fax Pass-Through and Relay

10.1 Fax Pass-Through Example Trong v d ny, tnh hung yu cu ca mt cng ty tr s chnh ti San Jose c th gi fax ti vn phng ca n Austin bng cch s dng fax thng qua. L mt qun tr mng, trch nhim ca bn l cu hnh gateway p ng cc yu cu ca mng.Cc yu cu nh sau: Create a dial peer to match a destination pattern for the Austin fax machine extension number. Specify the session target for the VoIP dial peer as the Austin fax. Configure Cisco fax pass-through to be used for fax support between the networks. Specify the codec that is to be used for fax pass-through operation. Specify the fax rate to be used for fax transmission to the Austin fax machine Step 1 Enter the VoIP dial-peer configuration mode. Router(config)# dial-peer voice id voip Step 2 Specify the destination pattern.

Router(config-dial-peer)# destination-pattern pattern Step 3 Specify the session target for the VoIP dial peer. Router(config-dial-peer)# session target ip-address Step 4 Specify the fax protocol to be used for a specific VoIP dial peer. Router(config-dial-peer)# fax protocol {cisco | none | system | pass-through {g711ulaw | g711alaw}} S dng cc lnh ca giao thc fax trong ch cu hnh dial-peer cu hnh cc loi kh nng faxrelay cho dial-peer c th. Lu cc hnh vi lnh sau y: fax protocol none: V hiu ha tt c cc x l fax no fax protocol: Thit lp cc giao thc fax cho cc dial peer mc nh Step 5 Specify the rate at which a fax is sent to a specified dial peer. Router(config-dial-peer)# fax rate {2400 | 4800 | 7200 | 9600 | 12000 | 14400} {disable | voice} [bytes rate]

10.2. Fax Relay Example

Trong v d ny, tnh hung trn i hi tr s cng ty ti San Jose c th fax ti vn phng Austin bng T.38 v fax relay Cisco. L mt qun tr mng, trch nhim ca bn l cu hnh gateway p ng cc yu cu ca mng. Cc yu cu nh sau: To 2 dial peers ring bit. Cu hnh fax relay T.38 cho VoIP dial peers trn ton cu. Cu hnh fax relay Cisco cho mt VoIP dial-peer ghi ln gi tr ton cu. V hiu ho ch sa li cho mt dial-peer c th. Xc nh tc truyn fax cho mt dial-peer c th. Bc 1 Vo ch voice-service cniguration xc nh kiu ng gi thoi Router(config)# voice service {pots | voatm | vofr | voip} Bc 2 Xc nh giao thc chun mc nh fax T.38 ca ITU-T c s dng cho tt c cc dial peers VoIP

Router(conf-voi-serv)# fax protocol t38 [nse [force]] [lsredundancy value [hsredundancy value]] [fallback {none | pass-through {g711ulaw | g711alaw}}] Bc 3 Thot khi ch voice-service config mode Router (conf-voi-serv) # exit Step 4 Vo mode VoIP dial-peer configuration Router(config)# dial-peer voice id voip Step 5 Disable fax-relay Error Correction Mode (ECM). Router(config-dial-peer)# fax-relay ecm disable Step 6 Enable the fax stream between two Super Group 3 (SG3) fax machines to negotiate down to G3 speeds. router(config-dial-peer)# fax-relay sg3-to-g3 [system] 11. Configuring H.323 DTMF Relay

DTMF l nhng giai iu c to ra khi bn nhn mt nt trn in thoi cm ng m. Giai iu ny c nn mt u ca mt cuc gi, khi giai iu gii nn u kia, n c th b mo dng, ty thuc vo cc b codec c s dng. Cc tnh nng chuyn tip DTMF vn chuyn m DTMF sau khi thnh lp cuc gi out-of-band bng cch s dng hoc l mt tiu chun H.323 out-of-band hoc l phng php hoc mt c ch c quyn da trn RTP. i vi SIP, phng php thch hp nht vn chuyn cc tone DTMF l Real-Time Transport Protocol named telephony event (RTP-NTE) hoc SIP Notify. Mc d DTMF thng c truyn ti chnh xc khi s dng cc codec thoi tc bit cao nh G.711, cc b codec tc bit thp nh G.729 v G.723.1 c ti u ha cao cho cc mu thoi v c xu hng bp mo tone DTMF. Kt qu l h thng phn hi tng tc thoi (IVR) c th khng nhn bit ng tone. Thc hin theo th tc ny cu hnh DTMF relay trn mt cng ca Cisco IOS. Step 1 Vo mode the dial-peer configuration for the appropriate dial peer. Step 2 Enable DTMF tone forwarding. router(config-dial-peer)# dtmf-relay {[cisco-rtp] [h245alphanumeric] [h245-signal] [rtp-nte [digit-drop]] [sipnotify]} 12. Phn tch trng thi Gateway H.323

S dng lnh show gateway xc minh rng gateway H.323 hot ng v hin th tnh trng hin ti ca gateway. Mu u ra hin th bo co khi cc gateway khng c ng k vi mt gatekeeper.

V d trn ch ra rng mt a ch E.164 c cp cho gateway.

Summary ITU-T Recommendation H.323 m t mt c s h tng ca thit b u cui, cc thnh phn iu khin thng thng, dch v, v cc giao thc c s dng cho truyn thng a phng tin. C t nht 10 thun li khi s dng H.323 gateway lm voice gateway. Cc thnh phn chc nng ca H.323 bao gm thit b u cui, gateway,gatekeeper, cc Cisco UBEs, v cc n v a kim sot MCU. Cuc gi c th c thit lp gia cc thit b u cui, thit b u cui vi gatekeeper, gia gatekeeper vi gatekeeper. Cuc gi H.323 c th xy ra khi c hoc khng c gatekeeper. H.323 nh ngha ba loi hi ngh a im. Nhiu ty chn c sn khi thit lp mt gateway H.323.

Khi cu hnh codec, c th xc nh mt b codec c th hoc thit lp c ch thng lng codecs Bn c th iu chnh timer H.323 p ng yu cu mng. C mt s lnh c s dng cu hnh cc tnh nng fax trn H.323 gateway. DTMF relay gii quyt vn mo dng DTMF. S dng lnh show gateway xc nh trng thi gateway H.323. PHN II. Trin khai Gateways MGCP 1. Thnh phn MGCP MGCP c s dng trong mt h thng VoIP phn tn. MGCP l phn m rng ca cc phin bn trc (SGCP), h tr v c nhiu ci tin so vi SGCP. H thng s dng SGCP c th d dng chuyn i thnh MGCP. MGCP l mt giao thc r rng, s dng m hinhg client/server gia cc call agent v gateway hon ton kim sot gatewaycng nh cc port lin quan. Mt gateway MGCP x l chuyn i gia cc tn hiu m thanh v gi tin mng. Gateway tng tc vi mt call agent (cng c gi l Media Gateway Controller (MGC)), thc hin bo hiu v x l cuc gi cho cc cuc trn gateway. Trong cu hnh MGCP m Cisco IOS h tr, mt gateway c th l mt router Cisco, my ch truy cp, hoc modem, v call agent l mt my ch t mt nh cung cp th ba. Lnh cu hnh cho MGCP nh ngha ng dn gia cc call agent v gateway, cc loi gateway, v cc cuc gi c x l bi gateway. MGCP s dng thit b u cui v cc kt ni xy dng mt cuc gi. Thit b u cui l ngun hoc ch ca d liu v c th l a im vt l hay logic trong mt thit b. Kt ni c th l im-im hoc a im. Tng t nh SGCP, MGCP s dng UDP cho vic thit lp cc kt ni m thanh qua mng IP. Tuy nhin, MGCP cng s dng " hair pinning " tr v mt cuc gi ti mng PSTN khi cc gi tin mng khng c sn. 2. Ti sao li chn MGCP

Giai iu quay s thay th cho mi trng VoIP (Alternative dial tone for VoIP environments) n gin ha cu hnh cho cc dial peer mng VoIP tnh: Khi bn s dng MGCP lm call agent trong mi trng VoIP, bn khng cn phi cu hnh tnh cc dial peer VoIP. Cc call agent MGCP cung cp cc chc nng tng t nh vi cc dial peer mng VoIP. Migration paths: H thng s dng cc phin bn trc ca giao thc c th chuyn i d dng thnh MGCP. Cu hnh tp trung k hoch quay s trn CUCM: Cu hnh tp trung k hoch quay s trn Cisco Unified Communications Manager cho php bn x l v qun l ton b k hoch quay s trn CUCM trong mng c nhiu site. iu ny gip n gin ho vic qun l v x l s c ca mng in thoi ca cng ty. Cu hnh tp trung gateway trn CUCM: Ging trng hp ca k hoch quay s, cu hnh tp trung gateway cho tt c cc gateway c qun l thng qua mt trang cu hnh trung tm, gip n gin ha qun l v x l s c ca mt mng in thoi ca cng ty. Cu hnh Cisco IOS gateway n gin: Bi v cu hnh gateway ch yu c thc hin trn CUCM, rt t lnh router Cisco IOS hn so vi bt k loi gateway khc.

H tr dch v b sung bo hiu Q (QSIG) vi Cisco Unified Communications Manager: Vi s h tr ca dch v b sung QSIG, MGCP l mt giao thc m bn c th s dng kt ni mi trng CUCM vi mt tng i truyn thng. 3. Kin trc MGCP

Thit b u cui: i din cho cc im kt ni gia mng gi v mng in thoi truyn thng Gateway: X l vic chuyn i m thanh gia cc mng chuyn mch mch (SCN) v mng gi. Gateway s dng MGCP bo co cc s kin (chng hn nh off-hook hay quay s) n cc call agent. Call agent: thc hin iu khin i vi hot ng ca mt gateway. Call agent s dng MGCP thng bo vi gateway nhng thng tin sau: - Nhng s kin no nn bo co cho call agent - Lm th no thit b u cui c kt ni vi nhau - Nhng tn hiu no nn c thc hin trn thit b u cui MGCP cng cho php call agent theo di trng thi hin ti ca thit b u cui trn gateway.

Cisco voice gateway c th hot ng nh MGCP gateway, v CUCM hot ng nh mt MGCP call agent. 3.1. MGCP Gateways

S dng phn mm Cisco IOS, voice gateway c cu hnh nh MGCP gateway. CUCM hot ng nh mt MGCP call agent, iu khin thit lp v ngt cc kt ni gia cc thit b u cui trong mng VoIP v cc thit b u cui trong mng PSTN, trong khi qun l tt c cc yu t cu hnh lin quan n k hoch quay s. Trong trng hp ca MGCP, cc cuc gi c nh tuyn thng qua cc ng nh tuyn mu trn CUCM, ch khng phi bng cc dial peer trn gateway. Cc voice gateway phi c cu hnh bo hiu thch hp. Tuy nhin, khng c dial peer cho MGCP tr khi router s dng Cisco Unified Survivable Remote Site Telephony (Cisco Unified SRST) d phng. Supported Gateways MGCP h tr c hai residential and trunking gateways.

Residential gateway: cung cp mt giao din gia cuc gi analog (RJ-11) t mt in thoi v mng VoIP. Cc giao din trn residential gateway c th kt thc mt kt ni plain old telephone service (POTS) ti in thoi, mt h thng phm, hoc mt PBX. Trunking gateway: Mt trunking gateway cung cp giao din gia PSTN trunks v mng VoIP. Mt trunk c th l mt dch v s mc 0 (DS0), T1, hoc dng E1. V d v cc cng trunking bao gm cc my ch truy cp v router.

MGCP s dng thit b u cui v cc kt ni thit lp cuc gi. Cuc gi c t 1 thit b u cui ngun n thit b u cui ch c th l cuc gi n hoc mt cuc gi hi ngh. Truyn cc gi d liu m thanh bng cch s dng Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) v UDP qua mng IP. Truyn cc gi d liu m thanh bng cch s dng lp thch ng ATM 2 (AAL2) hoc cc lp thch ng khc trn mng ATM. Truyn cc gi d liu qua mt kt ni ni b, chng hn nh bng ni a nng ghp knh phn chia thi gian (TDM) hoc ng bus kt ni ca gateway. Phng php ny c s

dng, c bit kt ni " hairpin " m khi kt ni b hy b trong mt gateway nhng ngay lp tc ti nh tuyn qua mng in thoi. 3.2. MGCP Call Agents

Mt call agent, hoc MGC, i din cho b iu khin trung tm trong mt mi trng MGCP. Call agent thc hin iu khin hot ng ca gateway v cc thit b u cui lin quan bng cch yu cu gateway theo di v bo co cc s kin. Mt call agent s dng th mc ca thit b u cui v mi quan h ca thit b u cui vi k hoch quay s xc nh nh tuyn cuc gi ph hp. Call agent khi to tt c cc VoIP call legs. 4. Basic MGCP Concepts Cuc gi v kt ni: Cho php cc cuc gi end-to-end c thit lp bng cch kt ni hai hoc nhiu thit b u cui S kin v tn hiu: khi nim c bn MGCP l cho php mt call agent cp lnh ti gateway. Gi cc loi tin: khi nim c bn MGCP cho php mt gateway xc nh ch cuc gi 4.1. Cuc gi v kt ni MGCP

Cuc gi end-to-end c thit lp bng cch kt ni 2 hay nhiu thit b u cui. thit lp mt cuc gi, call agent ch th cc gateway kt hp vi mi thit b u cui to ra 1 kt ni vi mt thit b u cui xc nh. Gateway tr li phin kt ni v cc thng s kt ni ca n cho call agent, ri ln lt gi cc thng s ny n cc gateway khc. Vi phng php ny, mi gateway s nhn c cc tham s cn thit thit lp cc phin kt ni RTP gia cc thit b u cui. Tt c cc kt ni c lin quan cng mt cuc gi s chia s cng mt ID cuc gi v cng mt dng media. Vo lc kt thc ca mt cuc gi, call agent s gi mt yu cu DeleteConnection (DLCX) cho mi gateway.

4.2. Lnh

iu

khin

MGCP

Call agent s dng cc gi tin iu khin ch o cc gateway v hot ng ca chng. Gateway s dng cc gi tin iu khin vic p ng cc yu cu t call agent v thng bo s kin v hnh vi bt thng ca chng C 8 ng t ra lnh. 2 ng t c s dng bi call agent truy vn trng thi ca mt Media Gateway: AuditEndpoint (AUEP): Thng ip ny yu cu cc trng thi ca thit b u cui. Cc call agent ban hnh cc lnh ny. AuditConnection (AUCX): Thng ip ny yu cu trng thi ca mt kt ni. Cc call agent ban hnh cc lnh. 3 ng t c s dng bi mt call agent qun l mt kt ni RTP trn mt Media Gateway.( Media Gateway cng c th gi mt DLCX khi n cn phi xa mt kt ni do chnh n qun l): CreateConnection (CRCX): Thng ip ny ch th cc gateway thit lp kt ni vi thit b u cui.

DeleteConnection (DLCX): Thng ip ny thng bo cho ngi nhn xa mt kt ni. Call agent hoc gateway c th ra lnh. Gateway hoc call agent ra lnh khuyn co rng n khng c ti nguyn duy tr cuc gi. ModifyConnection (MDCX): Thng ip ny ch th cc gateway cp nht cc thng s kt ni ca mnh cho mt kt ni c xc lp trc . 1 ng t c s dng bi call agent yu cu thng bo cc s kin trn Media Gateway v yu cu mt Media Gateway p dng tn hiu: NotificationRequest (RQNT): Thng bo ny ch th cc gateway theo di cc s kin trn thit b u cui v hnh ng phi thc hin khi chng xy ra. 1 ng t c s dng bi Media Gateway cho bit cc call agent m n pht hin mt s kin c yu cu bi call agent (thng qua ng t lnh RQNT): Thng bo cho (NTFY): Thng ip ny thng bo cho call agent s kin m c thng bo c yu cu. 1 ng t c s dng bi mt Media Gateway ch cho cc call agent bit rng l trong qu trnh khi ng li: RestartInProgress (RSIP): Thng ip ny thng bo cho call agent l gateway v cc thit b u cui ca n c ly ra t dch v hoc ang c t tr li vo dch v. 4.3. Package Types

MGCP nhm cc s kin v cc tn hiu thnh cc gi. Mt gi trunk, v d, l mt nhm cc s kin v cc tn hiu lin quan n mt cng trunking, gi thng bo l mt nhm cc cc s kin v cc tn hiu lin quan n mt my ch thng bo. Nhng gi ny c kch hot bng cch s dng lnh mgcp package-capability. MGCP h tr by loi gi sau: Trunk: mgcp package-capability trunk-package Line: mgcp package-capability line-package DTMF: mgcp package-capability dtmf-package Generic media: mgcp package-capability gm-package RTP: mgcp package-capability rtp-package Announcement server: mgcp package-capability as-package Script: mgcp package-capability script-package 5. Lu lng cuc gi MGCP

Hnh v minh ha giao tip gia mt call agent v 2 gateway. Mc d cc gateway trong v d ny l c hai u l residential gateways, nhng nguyn tc hot ng c lit k y l ging nhau i vi cc loi gateway khc: a. Call agent s gi mt RQNT ti mi gateway. Bi v chng l residential gateways, nn nhng yu cu hng dn cc gateway i cho qu trnh chuyn i off-hook din ra. Khi cc s kin off-hook xy ra, cc call agent ch th cc gateway cung cp tn hiu quay s. Call agent yu cu gateway gim st cc s kin khc. Bng cch cung cp mt bn s trong yu cu, gateway thu thp s trc khi n thng bo cho call agent. b. Cc gateway p ng yu cu. Ti thi im ny, cc gateway v cc call agent ch mt s kin kch hot. c. Mt user trn gateway off-hook.Theo hng dn ca call agent yu cu trc , gateway cung cp dial tone. Bi v gateway c cung cp mt bn s trc , n bt u thu thp s (khi n c quay s) cho n khi mt s ph hp c thc hin hoc khng c s ph hp no c th xy ra. i vi phn cn li ca v d ny, gi nh rng cc s ph hp vi mt bn s c a vo.

d. Gateway A gi NTFY call agent t vn cho call agent s kin no c yu cu quan st. NTFY xc nh cc thit b u cui, s kin, v trong trng hp ny, cc s c quay. e. Sau khi xc nhn mt cuc gi c th xy ra da trn cc s quay, call agent hng dn gateway A to ra mt kt ni (CRCX) vi thit b u cui ca n. f. Gateway p ng vi mt m t phin kt ni nu n c th thch ng vi kt ni. M t phin xc nh a ch IP v cng UDP s dng trong mt phin RTP sau . Cc gateway khng c mt m t phin cho cuc gi, kt ni s i vo trng thi ch. g. Call agent chun b v gi mt yu cu kt ni n gateway B. Trong yu cu, call agent cung cp cc m t phin thu c t gateway A. Yu cu kt ni c nhm mc tiu n mt thit b u cui duy nht (nu ch c mt thit b u cui c kh nng x l cuc gi) hoc bt k mt trong mt tp hp cc thit b u cui no. Call agent cng gi mt yu cu thng bo ch th cc gateway v cc tn hiu v cc s kin by gi rng n nn xem xt lin quan. Trong v d ny, gateway l residentials gateway, tn hiu yu cu chung v s kin ny i vo qu trnh chuyn i off-hook. h. Gateway B p ng cc yu cu m t phin. Ch gateway B c c hai m t phin v bit lm th no thit lp phin RTP ca n. i. Call agent chuyn tip m t phin ti gateway A trong MDCX. Yu cu ny c th cha mt yu cu ng gi NTFY m t cc tn hiu v cc s kin c lin quan giai on thit lp cuc gi. By gi gateway A v gateway B c yu cu m t phin lm vic cn thit thit lp cc phin RTP cho vic truyn m thanh. j. Vo lc kt thc cuc gi, mt trong cc thit b u cui cng nhn on-hook. Trong v d ny, user trn gateway A gc my. Bi v call agent yu cu cc gateway thng bo cho call agent s kin nh vy, gateway s thng bo cho call agent. k. Call agent s gi mt yu cu DLCX cho mi gateway l. Cc cng xa cc kt ni v p ng. 6. Cu hnh Gateways MGCP Cu hnh MGCP trn gateway ph thuc vo loi gateway bn ang cu hnh. Cu hnh residentials gateway c thc hin trong ch dial peer trong khi 1 trunking gateway c cu hnh giao din iu khin(controller interface) 6.1. MGCP Residential Gateway Configuration Example

MGCP c thc thi vi lnh mgcp. Nu call agent mun gateway s dng cng mc nh (UDP 2427), lnh mgcp c s dng m khng c bt k thng s no. Nu call agent i hi mt cng khc, cng phi c cu hnh vi tham s trong lnh mgcp, v d, MGCP 5036 s cho cc gateway bit s dng cng 5036 thay v cng mc nh. Bc 1 Khi ng ng dng MGCP. Bc 2 Xc nh a ch IP hoc tn min ca call agent, cng v loi dch v iu khin gateway. Bc 3 Thit lp dial-peer cho mt cng thoi. Xc nh ng dng MGCP chy trn cc cng thoi. Xc nh cc cng thoi kt ni vi MGCP. Bc 4 (Ty chn) Ch nh cc gi s kin c h tr trn residentials gateway. Cc gi mc nh l line-package 6.2. Configuring an MGCP Trunk Gateway Example

Bc 1 Khi ng ng dng MGCP. Bc 2 Xc nh a ch IP hoc tn min ca call agent, cng v loi dch v iu khin gateway. Bc 3 Xc nh s iu khin ca trunk T1 c s dng cho cc cuc gi tng t v vo ch cu hnh iu khin. Bc 4 Cu hnh cc khe thi gian channelized T1 chp nhn cc cuc gi tng t v s dng dch v MGCP Bc 5 (Ty chn) Ch nh cc gi s kin c h tr trn cng trunking.Mc nh l trunk-package. 6.3. Configuring Fax Relay with MGCP Gateways Example

Mc ny cho thy mt cu hnh MGCP ca voice gateway c cu hnh h tr fax T.38. Tnh hung ny i hi tr s cng ty San Jose c th gi fax ti vn phng Austin ca n bng cch s dng MGCP. L mt qun tr mng, trch nhim ca bn l cu hnh cng p ng cc yu cu ca mng. y l nhng yu cu: Cu hnh mt i l cuc gi n lm vic vi gateway. V hiu ho chuyn tip fax Cisco. Kch hot MGCP trn gateway Xc nh kh nng gi b sung MGCP. Xc nh tc fax ti a cho php MGCP. iu chnh b nh cho NSE cho cc iu kin mng. Cu hnh cc my fax thng lng vi tc G3. Bc 1: Kch hot gateway giao tip vi CUCM thng qua cc MGCP. Router(config)# ccm-manager mgcp

Bc 2: V hiu ho cc giao thc chuyn tip fax ca Cisco. Router(config)# no ccm-manager fax protocol cisco Bc 3: Cp pht ti nguyn cho cc MGCP. Router(config)# mgcp [port] Cc ty chn cng quy nh c th cc cng UDP cho MGCP gateway. Phm vi l t 1025 n 65535. Mc nh l UDP port 2427. Bc 4: Xc nh a ch v giao thc ca call agent cho MGCP. Router(config)# mgcp call-agent {host-name | ip-address} [port] [service-type type [version protocol-version]] Bc 5: Specify the fax relay (FXR) package for fax transmissions. Router(config)# mgcp package-capability package Bc 6 : Xc nh tc fax ti a cho phin MGCP T.38. Router(config)# mgcp fax rate [2400|4800|7200|9600|12000|14400|voice] Bc 7: Define the timeout period for awaiting NSE responses from the dial peer. Router(config)# mgcp timer {receive-rtcp timer | net-cont-test timer | nse-response t38 timer} Bc 8: Allow Super Group 3 (SG3) fax machines to operate at Group 3 (G3) speeds in fax relay mode. Router(config)# mgcp fax-relay sg3-to-g3 7. Phn tch MGCP

Debug Commands debug voip ccapi inout: Lnh ny show tt c cc tng tc vi giao din chng trnh ng dng iu khin cuc gi (API) trn giao din in thoi v bn VoIP. Xem u ra cho php ngi dng theo di tin trnh ca mt cuc gi t bn trong (inbound) hay VoIP peer i ra bn ngoi (outbound). debug mgcp [ all | errors | events | packets | parser ]: lnh ny bo co tt c cc hot ng MGCP command. Bn phi s dng lnh debug ny theo di cc yu cu MGCP v p ng. Summary MGCP nh ngha mt mi trng iu khin cc gateway in thoi t mt call agent tp trung. C mt s u im khi s dng gateway iu khin MGCP lm gateway thoi Cc thnh phn ca MGCP bao gm cc thit b u cui, gateway, v call agent. Cuc gi v kt ni l nhng khi nim c bn trong MGCP

Lu lng cuc gi MGCP bao gm vic trao i thng tin gia cc Call agent v gateway. Lnh MGCP c th c s dng cu hnh residential v Trunk gateway trn mt router Cisco. Mt s lnh show v debug gip cho vic xc minh cu hnh MGCP

PHN III. Cu hnh Gateways SIP 1. C bn v SIP SIP l mt giao thc iu khin lp ng dng da trn vn bn ASCII , c s dng thit lp, duy tr, v kt thc cc cuc gi gia hai hay nhiu thit b u cui. SIP l mt giao thc c pht trin bi Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) cho hi ngh a phng tin qua IP. C rt nhiu ng dng ca Internet i hi vic to ra v qun l mt phin, phin c coi l mt qu trnh trao i d liu gia cc bn tham gia. Vic thc hin cc ng dng ny l phc tp: ngi dng c th di chuyn gia cc thit b u cui, h c th nh a ch bi nhiu tn, v h c th giao tip bng cc phng tin truyn thng khc nhau, i khi ng thi. C rt nhiu giao thc c thit lp vn chuyn cc hnh thc khc nhau ca d liu phin a phng tin thi gian thc nh thoi, video, hoc tin nhn vn bn. SIP khng phi l mt h thng truyn thng c lp. Thay vo , SIP l mt thnh phn c th c s dng vi cc giao thc IETF khc xy dng mt kin trc a phng tin hon chnh. Nhng kin trc ny s bao gm cc giao thc nh Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) vn chuyn d liu thi gian thc v cung cp phn hi cht lng dch v (QoS), Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) iu khin phn phi cc dng phng tin truyn thng, Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) iu khin cc gateway ra mng PSTN, v SDP m t phin a phng tin. V vy, SIP c s dng kt hp vi cc giao thc khc cung cp cc dch v hon chnh cho ngi s dng. Tuy nhin, cc chc nng c bn v hot ng ca SIP khng ph thuc vo bt k cc giao thc khc. SIP hot ng trn cc nguyn tc li mi phin kt ni da trn mt yu cuging nh HTTP v p ng m hnh giao dch. Mi giao dch bao gm mt yu cu n n mt phng php hoc chc nng c th trn my ch v c t nht mt p ng. Thng qua li mi, SIP khi to phin hoc mi tham gia thit lp phin. M t ca cc phin hp ny c qung co bi bt k mt trong mt s phng tin, bao gm SAP c nh ngha

trong RFC 2974, trong kt hp mt m t phin theo SDP c nh ngha trong RFC 2327. SIP s dng giao thc IETF khc xc nh cc kha cnh khc ca phin VoIP v a phng tin, v d, URL cho a ch, Domain Name System (DNS) cho a im dch v v in thoi nh tuyn IP (TRIP) cho vic nh tuyn cuc gi Ging nh cc giao thc VoIP, SIP c thit k gii quyt cc chc nng bo hiu v qun l phin trong mng in thoi gi. Bo hiu cho php thng tin cuc gi c chuyn qua ranh gii mng. Qun l phin cung cp kh nng kim sot cc thuc tnh ca mt cuc gi end-to-end. SIP h tr cc kha cnh ca vic thit lp v kt thc truyn thng a phng tin: Xc nh v tr ca cc thit b u cui ch: SIP h tr phn gii a ch, nh x tn, v chuyn hng cuc gi Xc nh kh nng media ca cc thit b u cui ch: SIP xc nh mc thp nht cc dch v ph bin gia cc thit b u cui thng qua SDP. Hi ngh c thit lp ch s dng kh nng media c th c h tr bi tt c cc thit b u cui. Xc nh tnh sn sng ca cc thit b u cui ch: Nu cuc gi khng th c hon thnh bi v cc thit b u cui ch khng sn sng, SIP xc nh bn c gi c kt ni vi mt cuc gi ri hay khng tr li. SIP sau tr v mt thng bo cho bit l do ti sao cc thit b u cui ch khng hp l. Thit lp phin kt ni gia thit b u cui ngun v thit b u cui ch: Nu cuc gi c th c hon thnh, SIP thit lp mt phin kt ni gia cc thit b u cui. SIP cng h tr thay i gia cuc gi, chng hn nh vic b sung cc thit b u cui khc tham gia hi ngh, thay i mt c tnh phng tin truyn thng hoc coder-b gii m (codec). X l chuyn cuc gi v kt thc cc cuc gi: SIP h tr vic chuyn cc cuc gi t 1 thit b u cui n mt thit b u cui khc.Trong khi chuyn cuc gi, SIP ch n gin l thit lp mt phin kt ni gia cc bn c chuyn v thit b u cui mi (quy nh ca bn chuyn giao) v kt thc phin kt ni gia cc bn c chuyn v bn chuyn. Vo cui cuc gi, SIP chm dt cc phin kt ni gia tt c cc bn. SIP Hot ng nh th no SIP l mt giao thc n gin da trn ASCII, s dng cc yu cu v p ng thit lp truyn thng gia cc thnh phn khc nhau trong mng v cui cng l thit lp mt hi ngh gia hai hay nhiu thit b u cui. Ngi s dng trong mt mng SIP c xc nh bi cc a ch SIP duy nht. Mt a ch SIP tng t nh mt a ch email v c nh dng sip: userID@gateway.com. ID user c th l mt tn ngi dng hoc mt a ch E.164. Cc gateway c th l hoc domain (c hoc khng c mt hostname) hoc mt a ch IP internet c th.

Lu : a ch E.164 l s in thoi vi mt chui s thp phn duy nht xc nh im cui trong mng cng cng. Con s ny c cha cc thng tin cn thit nh tuyn cuc gi n im cui ny. Ngi dng ng k vi mt my ch ng k s dng a ch SIP c cp. Cc my ch ng k cung cp thng tin ny ti cc my ch nh v theo yu cu. Khi ngi dng khi to mt cuc gi, mt yu cu SIP c gi n mt my ch SIP (hoc mt proxy hoc mt my ch chuyn hng). Yu cu bao gm a ch ca ngi gi (trong trng header From) v a ch ca bn c gi (trong trng header To). Theo thi gian, end user SIP c th di chuyn gia cc h thng u cui. Cc v tr ca end user c th c t ng ng k vi my ch SIP. Cc my ch nh v c th s dng mt hoc nhiu giao thc (bao gm c Finger, referral whois [rwhois], v lightweight access directory protocol [LDAP]) xc nh v tr end user. Bi v end user c th ng nhp vo nhiu hn mt trm v bi v cc my ch nh v i khi c th c thng tin khng chnh xc, n c th tr li nhiu hn mt a ch cho end user. Nu yu cu c thng qua mt my ch proxy SIP, cc my ch proxy c gng tr li mi a ch cho n khi n nh v end user. Nu yu cu c thng qua mt my ch chuyn hng SIP, my ch chuyn hng chuyn tip tt c cc a ch cho ngi gi trong trng Contact header p ng li mi. 2. Ti sao li chn SIP C 5 li th s dng cc SIP gateway lm voice gateway: Cu hnh k hoch quay s trc tip trn gateway: iu ny l c th, v d, x l cuc gi c bit, nh cc cuc gi trc tip kt ni cc thit b tng t, trn gateway khng cn nh tuyn ti CUCM. Mt tnh hung khc c th nh tuyn cuc gi trc tip n site khc trn gateway m khng cn gi chng ti Cluster CUCM. B chuyn i c xc nh mi gateway: iu ny lm cho n c th p ng yu cu trong khu vc nh chuyn i cc bn tham gia cuc gi hoc cc nh dng s c bit. iu ny cng cho php bn chuyn tt c cc cuc gi n trc tip trn gateway p ng nh dng s ni b v sau qu trnh cuc gi ch vi nhng s ni b trn CUCM trong mng. Nng cao s h tr h thng in thoi bn th ba: Bi v SIP l tiu chun c s dng rng ri nht trong h thng VoIP ca cc nh cung cp khc nhau v c nhiu tnh nng nh l chc nng khng c quyn, bng cch s dng SIP gateway cho php bn tch hp h thng in thoi bn th ba theo cch n gin v thun tin nht. Kh nng tng tc vi cc voice gateway ca bn th ba: Hu ht gateway ca bn th ba h tr SIP. V vy, bng cch s dng SIP s l cch kh thi nht kt ni mt voice gateway IOS Cisco vi cng thoi ca bn th ba, thay v s dng bt k giao thc bo hiu VoIP no khc.

H tr in thoi SIP ca bn th ba: Ngy cng nhiu cc nh cung cp ang cung cp in thoi SIP cho cc ng dng ngi dng. Voice gateway Cisco IOS vn cn c th c s dng vi in thoi SIP hin ti ca khch hng. 3. Kin trc SIP

SIP l mt giao thc peer-to-peer. Cc peer trong mt phin kt ni c gi l user agent. Mt user agent c th hot ng trong 1 trong 2 vai tr sau: User agent client (UAC): Mt ng dng client khi to mt yu cu SIP User agent server (UAS): my ch ng dng lin lc vi user khi nhn c mt li mi SIP v sau tr v mt phn hi i din cho user khi to li mi. Thng thng, SIP user agent (UA) c th hot ng nh l mt UAC hoc UAS trong 1 phin kt ni, nhng khng phi c 2 ng thi. Cc thit b u cui c chc nng nh UAC hoc 1 UAS hay khng ph thuc vo cc UA khi to yu cu; UA khi to s dng UAC v UA kt thc s dng UAS. T quan im kin trc, cc thnh phn vt l ca mt mng SIP c nhm li thnh hai loi: 3.1. Clients (endpoints)

in thoi: Mt in thoi IP hot ng nh mt UAS hoc UAC trn c s phin- phin. - Softphone v in thoi IP Cisco SIP khi to yu cu SIP v p ng cc yu cu. - Ephones l in thoi IP khng c cu hnh trn gateway. Gateway: gateway hot ng nh mt UAS hoc UAC v cung cp h tr iu khin cuc gi. Gateways cung cp nhiu dch v, ph bin nht l mt chc nng chuyn i gia cc thit b u cui hi ngh SIP v cc loi thit b u cui khc. Chc nng ny bao gm chuyn i gia cc nh dng truyn ti v gia cc th tc truyn thng. Gateway cng chuyn gia m thanh v tn hiu video v thc hin thit lp cuc gi v gii phng c hai bn mng IP v bn mng chuyn mch (SCN). 3.2. Servers Proxy server: l 1 thnh phn trung gian, tip nhn yu cu SIP t 1 client v sau thay mt cho client chuyn tip yu cu n my ch SIP tip theo trong mng. Cc my ch tip theo c th l mt my ch proxy hoc UAS. Cc my ch proxy c th cung cp cc chc nng nh y quyn, chng thc, iu khin truy cp mng, nh tuyn, truyn dn yu cu ng tin cy, v bo mt. Redirect server: cung cp cho khch hng thng tin v hop k tip hoc hop c th nhn gi tin v sau cc client c th lin lc vi next-hop server hoc trc tip ti UAS. UA chuyn li mi n cc my ch c c xc nh bi Redirect server. Cc my ch c th l mt my ch mng khc hoc UA. Registrar server: nhn cc yu cu t UACs ng k v tr hin ti ca chng. Registrar server thng c nm gn hoc thm ch cn sp xp chung vi cc my ch mng khc, thng l mt my ch nh v (location server). Location server: cung cp cc dch v phn gii a ch cho SIP proxy hoc redirect server. Location server th hin cc c ch gii quyt a ch. Nhng c ch ny c th bao gm mt c s d liu ng k hoc truy cp vo cng c phn gii c s dng ph bin nh Finger protocol (rwhois, LDAP, hoc cc c ch hot ng ph thuc vo h thng). Registrar server c th c m hnh ha nh l mt trong nhng thnh phn ca mt my ch nh v, registrar server chu trch nhim mt phn cho populating mt c s d liu lin kt vi my ch nh v. Lu : Ngoi ra, cc my ch SIP c th tng tc vi cc dch v ng dng khc, chng hn nh my ch LDAP, my ch nh v, c s d liu ng dng, hoc mt ngn ng nh du m rng (XML) ng dng. Nhng dch v ng dng cung cp cc dch v back-end, chng hn nh l th mc, xc thc, v dch v thanh ton. 4. Lu lng cuc gi SIP

Lu lng cuc gi gia cc SIP gateway c th l trc tip hay thng qua mt proxy hoc my ch chuyn hng 4.1. Thit lp cuc gi trc tip Khi UA nhn ra a ch ca mt thit b u cui ch t thng tin lu tr, hoc n c kh nng gii quyt bng mt s c ch ni b, UAC c th khi to (UAC-to-UAS) th tc thit lp cuc gi trc tip. Nu UAC nhn ra UAS ch, client s lin lc trc tip vi my ch. Trong tnh hung m client khng th thit lp mt mi quan h trc tip, client s trng cu s h tr ca mt my ch mng. Thit lp cuc gi trc tip tin hnh nh sau: UAC c ngun s gi mt li mi (INVITE) ti UAS ca bn nhn. Thng tin bao gm mt m t thit b u cui ca UAC v SDP. Nu UAS ca bn nhn xc nh rng cc thng s cuc gi c th chp nhn c, n phn hi tch cc li UAC ngun UAC ngun s gi ra 1 gi tin ACK. Ti thi im ny, UAC v UAS c tt c cc thng tin yu cu thit lp cc phin RTP gia chng. 4.2. Thit lp cuc gi s dng Proxy server

Lu : Mc d my ch proxy hot ng thay mt cho mt UA thit lp cuc gi, nhng cc UAS thit lp cc phin RTP trc tip vi nhau. Khi mt my ch proxy c s dng, cc th tc thit lp cuc gi nh sau: UAC ngun s gi mt gi tin INVITE n my ch proxy. Cc my ch proxy, nu cn thit, s tham kho cc my ch nh v xc nh ng i n bn nhn v a ch IP ca n Cc my ch proxy gi gi tin INVITE n UAS ca bn nhn. Nu UAS bn nhn xc nh rng cc thng s cuc gi chp nhn c, n s phn hi tch cc n cc my ch proxy. Cc my ch proxy phn hi li UAC ngun. UAC ngun s gi ra 1 gi ACK. My ch proxy chuyn tip gi ACK ti UAS bn nhn. UAC v UAS c tt c cc thng tin c yu cu thit lp cc phin RTP gia chng.

4.3. Thit lp cuc gi s dng Redirect server

Redirect server c lp trnh tm ng n thit b u cui ch. Thay v chuyn tip cc gi tin INVITE n ch, redirect server s gi v tr im ch ngc tr li cho UA. Mt redirect server cung cp nhiu li th hn my ch proxy. Tuy nhin, s lng gi tin tham gia trong vic chuyn hng li t hn so vi cc th tc my ch proxy. UA c mt khi lng cng vic nng hn bi v n phi khi to nhng li mi tip theo. Khi mt redurect server c s dng, th tc thit lp cuc gi nh sau: UAC ngun s gi 1 gi INVITE n redirect server. Redirect server, nu cn thit, s tham kho cc my ch nh v xc nh ng dn n bn nhn v a ch IP ca n. Redirect server tr v mt phn hi "moved" n UAC ngun vi a ch IP thu c t my ch nh v UAC ngun tha nhn chuyn hng. UAC ngun s gi 1 gi INVITE n UAS xa.

Nu UAS bn nhn xc nh rng cc thng s cuc gi c th chp nhn c, n s phn hi tch cc li UAC UAC ngun gi ra 1 gi ACK. UAC v UAS c tt c cc thng tin c yu cu thit lp cc phin RTP gia chng. 5. a ch SIP Mt a ch trong SIP c nh ngha vi c php "sip:" hay "sips:" (cho kt ni SIP an ton) nh cc loi URLs. URLs SIP c s dng trong cc gi tin SIP xc nh bn ngun, ni n hin ti, bn nhn cui cng, v bt k bn no lin lc. Khi hai UAS giao tip trc tip vi nhau, im n hin ti v URL ca bn nhn cui cng l nh nhau. Tuy nhin, im n hin ti v bn nhn cui cng l khc nhau nu mt proxy hoc Redirect Server c s dng. c c a ch IP ca mt SIP UAS hoc mt my ch trong mng, UAC thc hin phn gii a ch ca user ID. Mt a ch bao gm optional user ID, m t my ch, v ty chn cc thng s xc nh cc a ch chnh xc hn. M t my ch(host description) c th l mt tn min hoc a ch IP. Mt khu c lin kt vi user ID, v s cng c lin kt vi m t my ch(host description). Gii thiu v cc phin bn a ch SIP In the example sip:14085551234@gateway.com; user=phone, the user=phone parameter is required to indicate that the user part of the address is a telephone number. Without the user=phone parameter, the user ID is taken literally as a numeric string. The 14085559876 in the URL sip:14085559876@10.1.1.1 is an example of a numeric user ID. In the same example, the password changeme is defined for the user.

Mt a ch SIP c c theo nhiu cch: bng cch tng tc vi ngi s dng, trong thng tin b nh m t mt phin trc , hoc bng cch tng tc vi mt my ch mng. i vi mt my ch mng h tr, n phi nhn ra cc thit b u cui trong mng. Thng tin ny nm trong mt my ch nh v v t ng c ly li bi my ch ng k ca n. ng gp vo thng tin ng ny, 1 thit b u cui ng k a ch user ca n vi mt my ch ng k. Hnh v minh ha mt ch ng k voice yu cu ti my ch ng k.

gii quyt mt a ch, UA s dng mt lot cc c ch ni b chng hn nh local host table, tra cu DNS, Finger protocol, rwhois, hoc LDAP. Mt my ch mng s dng bt k cng c c sn no ti UA hoc tng tc vi mt my ch nh v. Trong hnh, my ch proxy SIP tng tc vi mt my ch nh v ly c v tr ca cc thit b cui. 6. SIP DMTF Considerations

Phng php chuyn tip SIP DTMF cn thit trong cc tnh hung sau y: Khi SIP c s dng kt ni mt h thng Cisco vi h thng p ng tng tc thoi(IVR) da trn SIP t xa hoc ng dng voice mail. Khi SIP c s dng kt ni mt h thng Cisco n voice gateway SIP PSTN thng qua PSTN n mt ng dng voice-mail hoc IVR. SIP thng gi DTMF trong bng tn s, trong khi SCCP ch h tr out-of-band. Da trn phn mm MTP (Media Termination Point) thit b nhn c tone DTMF out-ofband v to ra tone DTMF in-band cho SIP client. Mc ny minh ha mt cuc gi bt u vi dng media, v CUCM da trn phn mm thit b MTP m c thng bo v cc loi ti trng ng DTMF. y l th tc c th gi SCCP tone out-of-band DTMF ti mng SIP: Ngi dng nhn nt trn bn phm in thoi IP SCCP. CUCM s thu thp cc s out-ofband t in thoi IP SCCP. CUCM chuyn cc s out-of-band ti thit b MTP.

Cc thit b MTP chuyn i cc s thnh s RFC-2833 trong bng tn ph hp v chuyn tip chng cho SIP client. Lu : Bi v CUCM da trn phn mm MTP c th x l ln n 48 dng media song song, v vy ch c 48 cuc gi SCCP-to-SIP sn sng trong phin bn c CUCM m khng cn phn cng MTP. Vi cc phin bn c hn, n l cn thit cu hnh gateway gi n DTMF out-of-band. (CUCM bn 5.0 v sau ny c th x l cuc gi SCCP-to-SIP m khng cn MTP).

Nh cp trc , in thoi IP SCCP ch c kh nng gi cc s DTMF outof-band. h tr cc thit b SCCP, SIP gateway ngun v ch c th s dng Cisco proprietary NOTIFY-based out-of-band DTMF relay. Ngoi ra, NOTIFY-based out-ofband DTMF relay cng c th c s dng bi cc in thoi analog km theo port analog voice (c bit n nh mt Foreign Exchange Station, hoc FXS) trn router. NOTIFY-based out-ofband DTMF relay gi thng ip bidirectionally gia cc gateway ngun v ch cho mt s kin DTMF trong sut qu trnh gi. Nu c ch multiple DTMF-relay c kch hot trn mt SIP dial-peer v c m phn thnh cng, NOTIFY-based out-ofband DTMF relay s u tin.

Gateway ngun s gi 1 gi INVITE vi header Call-info SIP xc nh vic s dng NOTIFY-based out-of band DTMF relay. Gateway ch xc nhn thng ip ny vi mt gi tin hi tip18x hoc 200, cng s dng header Call-info. Bt c khi no mt s kin DTMF xy ra, gateway gi 1 gi tin SIP NOTIFY sau khi gi tin phn hi SIP INVITE v 18x hoc 200 m phn c ch NOTIFY-based out-ofband DTMF relay. Trong phn hi, gateway hy vng s nhn c mt gi tin 200 OK. C ch NOTIFY-based out-ofband DTMF relay tng t nh nh dng gi tin DTMF c m t trong RFC 2833. 7. Cu hnh SIP

Cu hnh SIP bao gm hai phn: UA SIP v VoIP dial peer, chn SIP l giao thc phin. tch hp gateway Cisco IOS vo nh cung cp dch v SIP mng VoIP, bn phi thc hin cc bc sau: Kch hot cc dch v thoi SIP trong gateway IOS Cisco.

Xc nh cc thng s cho cc dch v SIP. (Ty chn) Cu hnh SIP UA. (Ty chn) Cu hnh cc VoIP dial peer da trn SIP kt ni v nh tuyn cc cuc gi vo mng SIP ca cc nh cung cp dch v. 8. V d v cu hnh gateway SIP

Mc ny ch ra mt tnh hung kt ni Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express ti mt nh cung cp dch v in thoi SIP Internet (ITSP). Cu hnh dch v thoi SIP l mt phn ca cu hnh SIP. Mc ny a ra 1 v d v mt cu hnh dch v thoi SIP. L mt qun tr mng, mt trong nhng trch nhim ca bn l cu hnh gateway p ng yu cu mng. C th, tch hp SIP kt ni vi nh cung cp dch v VoIP ca cng ty bn. y l nhng yu cu: S dng giao thc bo hiu SIP . Thit lp cc giao thc giao vn UDP.

S dng giao din Fa0 /1 nh giao din ngun cho SIP. Sa i UA nh di y: - Kch hot tnh nng chng thc cc b (local) - Kch hot tnh nng ng k a ch E.164 gn trc tip vo in thoi analog. - Cu hnh SIP server c s dng vi dial peer. - Thay i s SIP INVITE, Response, BYE, and Cancel retries to 2. Thc hin theo th tc ny cu hnh mt SIP gateway theo yu cu mng: Vo mode voice-service configuration v xc nh loi ng gi thoi VoIP router(config)# voice service {pots | voatm | vofr | voip} Vo mode cu hnh SIP. router(conf-voi-serv)# sip (Ty chn) Xc nh cc thng s SIP. Xc nh giao thc lp transpot c bn cho cc gi tin SIP router(conf-serv-sip)# session transport { tcp | udp } gn a ch ngun vi tn hiu v cc gi media vi a ch IP ca mt giao din c th. router(conf-serv-sip)# bind {control | media | all} source-interface interface-id Nu lnh gn khng c kch hot, cc lp IP vn cung cp a ch local tt nht. Thot mode SIP configuration. router(conf-serv-sip)# exit

Kch hot lnh cu hnh SIP UA cu hnh user agent, ta s dng lnh sip-ua trong mode global cofiguration. Mc ny ch ra mt v d v mt cu hnh SIP UA. Enter SIP UA configuration mode. router(config)# sip-ua Configure Digest Authentication. router(config-sip-ua)# authentication username <name> password <password> realm <string> Enable the SIP gateway to register E.164 numbers on behalf of analog telephone voice ports (FXS), IP phone virtual voice ports (EFXS), and SCCP phones with an external SIP proxy or SIP registrar. router(config-sip-ua)# registrar <name> expires <secs> Enter the host name or IP address of the SIP server interface. router(config-sip-ua)# sip-server {dns:[hostname] | ipv4:ip_addr:[port-num]} Nu bn s dng lnh ny, sau bn c th xc nh phin kt ni sip-server ch cho mi dial peer thay v lin tc vo giao din a ch my ch SIP cho mi dial-peer. Adjust the SIP parameters per network requirements router(config-sip-ua)# retry {invite number | response number | bye number | cancel number}

9. Phn tch SIP Gateways

7 lnh show c lit k y u c gi tr khi kim tra trng thi ca cc thnh phn SIP v x l s c.

S dng lnh show sip service hin th trng thi ca dch v cuc gi SIP trn mt SIP gateway. S dng cc lnh show sip-ua status hin th trng thi cho cc SIP user agent, bao gm c vic chuyn hng cuc gi c kch hot hay v hiu ha. S dng lnh show sip-ua timers hin th cc thit lp hin ti cho b nh thi ca SIP user agent

S dng show sip-ua register status hin th tnh trng ca s E.164 m SIP gateway ng k vi mt ng k vi external primary SIP registrar

Mc ny hin th u ra ca lnh show sip-ua calls.

13 lnh debug c lit k y u c gi tr khi kim tra trng thi ca cc thnh phn SIP v x l s c: debug asn1 events: S dng lnh ny xc minh rng cc SIP subscription server bt. u ra s hin th mt thng ip ch, v d, nu client khng thnh cng trong giao tip vi my ch debug voip ccapi inout: Lnh ny cho thy tt c cc tng tc vi giao din lp trnh ng dng iu khin cuc gi (API) trn giao din in thoi v c pha bn VoIP. Bng cch gim st u ra, bn c th theo di tin trnh ca mt cuc gi t giao din bn trong (inbound) hoc VoIP peer i ra bn ngoi (outbound) ca cuc gi. debug voip ccapi protoheaders: Lnh ny hin th cc gi tin c gi gia gateway ngun v gateway ch. Nu gateway ch khng nhn c trng header, xc minh rng lnh truyn header c kch hot trn gateway ngun debug ccsip all: Lnh ny kch hot tt c ccsip-type debugging. debug ccsip calls: Lnh ny hin th chi tit tt c cc cuc gi SIP khi chng c cp nht trong khi iu khin cuc gi SIP. Bn phi s dng lnh debug ny theo di cc bn ghi cuc gi tm nhng nguyn nhn thanh ton kh nghi.( for suspicious clearing causes) debug ccsip errors: Lnh ny theo di(trace) tt c cc li gp phi ca h thng ph SIP

debug ccsip events: Lnh ny theo di cc s kin, chng hn nh thit lp cuc gi, kt ni, v ngt kt ni. Mt phin bn cc s kin ca lnh debug thng l ni tt nht bt u, bi v chi tit debugs cung cp rt nhiu thng tin hu ch. debug ccsip info: Lnh ny cho php theo di thng tin ch s tham s bo mt (SPI) chung ca SIP, bao gm vic xc minh rng chuyn hng cuc gi b v hiu ha. debug ccsip media: Lnh ny cho php theo di cc dng SIP media. debug ccsip messages: Lnh ny ch ra cc header ca gi tin SIP c trao i gia client v server. debug ccsip preauth: Lnh ny cho php bo co chn on vic xc thc, u quyn, v hch ton(accounting) (AAA) cho cc cuc gi SIP. debug ccsip states: Lnh ny hin th cc trng thi SIP v trng thi thay i cho cc phin kt ni SIP subsystem. debug ccsip transport: Lnh ny cho php theo di b x l giao vn SIP v cc tin trnh TCP hoc UDP.

Mc tip theo s ch ra nhng g mt phin SIP kt ni thnh cng gia hai thit b u cui s trng ging nh vi lnh debug ccsip messages. u ra trn cho thy mt gi tin INVITE SIP c gi t mt in thoi n in thoi khc.

Mc ny cho thy cc thit b u cui khc tr v trng thi OK. Ch cc thng tin lin lc c thm vo u ra.

Mc ny cho thy cc thit b u cui khc kt thc phin vi mt thng ip BYE. Summary SIP c nh ngha bi IETF RFC 2543 v RFC 3261 v cho php d dng tch hp vi mng VoIP ca bn th ba. C 5 u im khi s dng cc SIP gateway lm voice gateway. SIP c m hnh ha trn the interworking of UAs v my ch mng. Lu lng 1 cuc gi SIP bao gm bo hiu v truyn ti bearer tn v cc gi tin media. Mt a ch SIP bao gm mt ID user ty chn, m t host, v cc thng s ty chn c iu kin cho vic xc nh a ch chnh xc hn. M hnh thit lp cuc gi SIP bao gm direct, proxy server, and redirection. C 7 lnh c sn trn Cisco IOS cu hnh SIP trn Cisco IOS router. C t nht 13 lnh c sn trn Cisco IOS xc minh v khc phc s c mt tch hp SIP. Module Summary

H.323 l mt giao thc bo hiu gateway cc k linh hot cn c mt cu hnh dial peer phc tp. Ci t MGCP l mt giao thc bo hiu gateway trong mi trng CUCM l kh n gin. SIP l l tng nh l mt giao thc bo hiu gateway khi kt ni vi mt nh cung cp dch v VoIP vi mt ng trunk n gin hoc nh l mt UA SIP. C mt s giao thc bo hiu gateway c s dng trong mng CUCM. Nhng giao thc bo hiu bao gm mode giao thc peer-to-peer H.323 v SIP cng nh cc giao thc da trn kin trc client-server, Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) v giao thc khi to phin (SIP). Mi giao thc ny c li th v bt li ring ca n. H.323 v MGCP s dng tt nht lm giao thc bo hiu gatewaycho kt ni IP-to- PSTN trong mi trng CUCM, trong khi SIP l giao thc bo hiu ph bin nht c s dng bi cc nh cung cp dch v kt ni khch hng. Do , SIP l l tng khi bn kt ni gateway IP-to-IP hoc mt h thng Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express ti nh cung cp dch v VoIP. PHN IV Trin khai K hoch quay s trn Voice Gateways Hiu bit v K hoch quay s 1. nh ngha K hoch quay s Mc d hu ht mi ngi khng quen thuc vi tn k hoch quay s, nhng h li s dng chng hng ngy. K hoch quay s l mt k hoch nh s cho cc mng c kch hot thoi. l cch m bn cp ring l hay tng khi s in thoi (E.164 a ch) cho cc line vt l hoc mch. Cc mng in thoi Bc M c da trn K hoch quay s gm 10 s trong 3 s m vng v 7 s s in thoi. i vi nhng s in thoi nm trong mt m vng, 7 s k hoch quay s c s dng cho PSTN. Cc tnh nng trong mt in thoi chuyn mch (nh Centrex) h tr mt k hoch quay s ty bin 5 s cho cc khch hng c th ng k dch v . PBX cng h tr k hoch quay s c chiu di thay i, t 3 n 11 s. K hoch quay s trong mng H.323 bao gm m hnh quay s c th ngi dng c th c 1 s in thoi c th. M truy cp, m vng, m s chuyn dng, v s kt hp ca s con s c quay cuc gi l mt phn ca bt k k hoch quay s c th. K hoch quay s s dng vi router c kh nng thoi c bn m t qu trnh xc nh s no v bao nhiu lu tr vo cu hnh. Nu cc s c quay ph hp vi s v cc m hnh, cuc gi c x l cho chuyn tip. Thit k k hoch quay s i hi hiu bit v hnh mng, m hnh in thoi quay s hin ti, router v cc local gateway c ngh, v cc yu cu nh tuyn lu thng trong mng. K hoch quay s bao gm cc thnh phn sau: a ch ca thit b u cui (Numbering Plan): Cp s th mc cho tt c cc thit b u cui (nh in thoi IP, my fax, v in thoi analog), v cc ng dng (chng hn nh h thng voice-mail, tr li t ng, v h thng hi ngh truyn hnh) cho php bn truy cp n cc im ni b v bn ngoi.

Gi nh tuyn v la chn ng dn: Ph thuc vo thit b ang gi, bn c th chn ng khc nhau n cng 1 ch. Hn na, bn c th s dng mt con ng th cp khi cc con ng chnh l khng sn sng. V d, mt cuc gi c th c nh tuyn li thng qua PSTN trong khi mng IP WAN b li. Thao tc s: Trong mt s trng hp, bn cn phi thao tc cc chui quay trc khi nh tuyn cuc gi. V d, khi mt cuc gi ban u c quay s bng cch s dng m truy cp ni mng c nh tuyn li qua PSTN, hoc khi mt m s rt gn (chng hn nh l 0 cho cc nh iu hnh) c m rng ti extension. iu ny c th xy ra trc hoc sau khi quyt nh nh tuyn c thc hin. c quyn gi: Bn c th cp quyn cho cc nhm thit b khc nhau vo cc lp dch v khc nhau, bng cch cho php hoc t chi truy cp ti cc im ch nht nh. V d, bn c th cho php in thoi lobby ch c th gi n cc im ch PSTN ni b, trong khi in thoi executive c th truy cp khng hn ch PSTN. Call coverage: Bn c th to cc nhm thit b c bit x l cc cuc gi n cho mt dch v nht nh theo cc quy tc khc nhau (t trn xung, circular hunt, longest idle, or broadcast). iu ny cng m bo rng cuc gi khng b drop khi khng c tr li. Lu : Call coverage l khng c sn vi stand alone gateway s dng Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express (Cisco Unified CME) hoc Cisco Unified SRST.

C CUCM v Cisco IOS gateway, bao gm Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express v Cisco Unified Survivable Remote Site Telephony (SRST), h tr tt c cc thnh phn ca k hoch quay s. Bng ny so snh cc phng php m CUCM v Cisco IOS gateway s dng thc hin k hoch quay s.

Hnh ny cho thy k hoch quay s in hnh vi cc thnh phn k hoch quay s khc nhau c trin khai. Cc cuc gi c th c nh tuyn thng qua mt lin kt WAN IP hoc mt lin kt PSTN, vic nh tuyn ng dng cho cuc gi PSTN inbound v outbound, cuc gi intrasite, v cc cuc gi lin site. 2. Planning Considerations K hoch quay s l thuc tnh c bn nht ca mt h thng in thoi. N xc nh cc quy tc iu chnh user c th gi ti bt c im ch no . Nhng quy nh ny bao gm: Extension dialing: xc nh c bao nhiu s phi quay c th ti phn m rng trn h thng. Extension addressing: xc nh c bao nhiu ch s c s dng xc nh phn m rng

Dialing privileges: cho php hoc khng cho php mt s loi cc cuc gi Path selection: v d, bng cch s dng mng IP cho cc cuc gi ni mng, hoc s dng mt nh cung cp dch v (carier) cho cc cuc gi PSTN a phng v mt cch khc cho cc cuc gi quc t. T ng la chn con ng thay th trong trng hp tc nghn mng: v d, bng cch s dng cc nh cung cp dch v a phng cho cc cuc gi quc t nu nh cung cp dch v quc t khng th x l cc cuc gi Chn cc s nht nh: v d, ngn chn cc cuc gi thanh ton cho tng pht(pay-perminute calls) Transformation of the called number: v d, ch gi li nm s cui cng ca mt cuc mi s Chuyn i s gi in thoi ang gi: v d, thay th phn m rng ca mt ngi gi vi s in thoi chnh ca vn phng khi gi PSTN Mt k hoch quay s thch hp cho mt h thng in thoi IP v c bn khng khc so vi k hoch quay s c thit k cho mt h thng in thoi truyn thng ghp knh phn chia thi gian (TDM), tuy nhin, mt h thng d trn IP a ra cc kin trc ca k hoch quay s vi mt s kh nng mi. 3. nh a ch cho thit b u cui nh a ch cho thit b u cui l 1 thnh phn k hoch quay s c trch nhim cp 1 s th mc cho cc thit b u cui nh in thoi. iu ny cng bao gm vic nh x cc phn m rng ni b vi phm vi DID () c cp bi mng PSTN. i vi nonDID, auto-attendant c th c s dng nh tuyn cc cuc gi gia mng PSTN v mng ni b. Mt trong nhng thch thc ln nht khi bn ang to ra mt k hoch nh a ch cho thit b u cui cho vic ci t multisite l lm sao thit k cho php s linh hot v kh nng m rng m khng c nh hng n end user. Mt vn in hnh cn khc phc trong thit k multisite tn ti vic chng lp s th mc. y l ni tn ti nhng s th mc ging nhau trong nhiu site. Lu : nh a ch cho thit b u cui c gii quyt ch yu bi call agent, chng hn nh Cisco Unified Communications Manager, Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express. Mt gateway thun ty thng c cu hnh nh tuyn cc cuc gi n call agent, ngoi tr gateway trong mode SRST. 4. nh tuyn cuc gi v chn ng i nh tuyn cuc gi v la chn ng i l cc thnh phn ca k hoch quay s xc nh u v lm th no cc cuc gi c nh tuyn hoc kt ni vi nhau. nh tuyn cuc gi thng ph thuc vo s c gi, l nh tuyn cuc gi da trn ch n thng c thc hin. Voice gateway c th tham gia vo nh tuyn cuc gi v la chn ng i, ph thuc vo cc giao thc v thit k c s dng.

Khi mt gateway Cisco IOS thc hin nh tuyn cuc gi v la chn ng i, cc thnh phn chnh c s dng l dial peer. K hoch quay s CUCM Express s kt thc vi mt s lng ln ca cc dial peer, ph thuc vo s phc tp ca thit k. 5. Thao tc s Thao tc s c gn lin vi nh tuyn cuc gi v la chn ng dn. i vi cuc gi inbound, s c gi cn phi c sa i ph hp vi m hnh ni b c s dng. V d, mt cuc gi t mng PSTN c th s dng cc s DID 4085552001, nhng trong m hnh ni b l 2.001. Do , nhu cu hng u cn loi b s 408.555 nh tuyn cuc gi thnh cng. Ngoi ra, s cuc gi inbound c th dialable. V d, bng cch s dng th mc cc cuc gi nh. iu ny s bao gm tin t 9 cho cuc gi ang gi ca PSTN inbound. i vi cc cuc gi outbound, thao tc s m bo rng s thc hin cuc gi v s c gi khp vi yu cu c th. V d, m truy cp cc mng PSTN l 9, thng c s dng trong cc mi trng in thoi, cn phi c tch khi cc s c gi khi gi mt cuc gi n PSTN. Mt s lnh v cc cu hnh c sn trn gateway Cisco IOS thc hin thao tc s ph thuc vo hon cnh. Ni chung, dial peer ca dch v in thoi POTS h tr mt lot cc lnh n gin tch s v tin t, trong khi cc dial peer VoIP ch yu ph thuc vo cu hnh bin dch voice. 6. Calling Privileges (c quyn cuc) c quyn cuc gi xc nh nhng ch m ngi dng c php gi. Mc ch chnh ca vic ny l kim sot cc in thoi bng cch gii hn s dch v tn km v cc cuc gi quc t cho mt ngi dng c th. Trong cc h thng PBX, iu ny thng c gi l lp dch v (CoS), khng nn nhm ln vi CoS mng. CoS trong cc mng d liu xc nh u tin cho Frame Layer 2, trong khi CoS trong cc mng in thoi xc nh nhng im ch c th gi c. c quyn cuc gi c thc hin trn gateway Cisco IOS bng cch s dng lp hn ch (COR) v danh sch COR. 7. Call Coverage(Vng ph sng cuc gi)

Mc tiu ca vng ph sng cuc gi (Call Coverage) l lm mt t cuc gi nht. Bt k l im ch thc s c gi, cui cng, cuc gi c tr li mt cch tt nht c th, iu ti t nht l mt cuc gi khng c tr li sau vi pht chung. Hai vng Call Coverage khc nhau gi tn ti: Call Coverage dnh cho ngi dng c nhn c gng chuyn tip cuc gi n ngi dng khc hoc n hp th thoi trong trng hp ngi s dng khng tr li cuc gi. Cc s th nghim (Pilot numbers) vi nhm ngi s dng c lin kt thng c s dng cho vic tr gip hoc ngi iu hnh. Cc cuc gi n s c phn phi n in thoi ch nh, v cc thut ton khc nhau c th c s dng phn phi. 8. Kh nng m rng K hoch quay s

Mng in thoi Bc M c thit k quay quanh mt k hoch quay s 10 s bao gm 3 s m vng v s in thoi gm 7 s. i vi s in thoi nm trong cng mt m vng, PSTN s dng mt k hoch quay s 7 s. Cc tnh nng trong mt vn phng trung tm (CO-based) PBX, nh Centrex, cho php s dng dial paln ty chnh c 5 s cho cc khch hng ng k dch v . PBX linh hot hn v cho php dial pan c chiu di thay i t 3 n 11 s. K hoch quay s cha cc m hnh quay s c th cho ngi dng mun gi ti s in thoi c bit. K hoch quay s cng cha m truy cp, m vng, m s chuyn bit, v kt hp cc con s ca s c quay s. K hoch quay s yu cu s hiu bit v cu trc lin kt mng li khch hng, m hnh quay s in thoi hin hnh, b nh tuyn c xut v v tr gateway, v cc yu cu nh tuyn lu lng truy cp. Nu k hoch quay s cho mng voice ni b khng c truy cp bi cc mng voice bn ngoi, s in thoi c th l bt k con s no. Thng thng, cc cng ty thit lp mng VoIP mang lu lng thoi l h thng t tn km nht .Thc hin m hnh ny lin quan n vic nh tuyn cuc gi thng qua mng IP, ng trunk ring, PBX, key systems, v PSTN. K hoch nh s h tr h thng c th m rng, d hiu cho ngi s dng, v c kh nng vn chuyn gia tt c cc thnh phn h thng. Vic s dng cc thnh phn ng dn lun phin lm gim cc trng hp tht bi cuc gi. Cui cng, k hoch nh s tun theo tt c cc tiu chun ng dng v cc nh dng cho tt c cc h thng lin quan.

Mc ny minh ha mt h thng thoi phc tp bao gm cc thnh phn c tho lun trong ch ny. Mt k hoch quay s y v c kh nng m rng phi c lp k hoch v thc hin tt. Dch v Centrex yu cu 10 s quay s bng gia chnh n v site D. Mng IP yu cu 10 s quay s i vi cc site A, B, v C. Mi PBX yu cu quay s bng 4 ch s. Thuc tnh ca vic m rng K hoch quay s Khi thit k mt k hoch quay s quy m ln, bn phi tun theo nhng thuc tnh sau: K hoch quay s phn phi logic: 1kin trc k hoch quay s tt phi da trn hiu qu phn phi ca k hoch quay s logic distribution gia cc thnh phn khc nhau: h thng x l cuc gi, voice gateway, v gatekeeper (nu s dng). Nhng thit b ny c tch ra thnh tng phn c th ca k hoch quay s lm gim bt s phc tp ca cu hnh. Mi thnh phn tp trung vo mt thnh cng nhim v c th. Ni chung, vic chuyn i ni b hoc gateway x l cc chi tit c th n cc POP. Quyt nh nh tuyn cao cp c thng qua gatekeeper v PBX. i vi mng H.323, mt mng c thit k tt t phn ln cc logic k hoch quay s cc thit b gatekeeper. Phn cp k hoch nh s: bn phi c gng thit k mt th bc k hoch nh s m rng s lng thit b m khng cn a ra thi gian ch gia cc s hoc vn nh tuyn do phm vi nh s b chng cho. Duy tr mt thit k phn cp gip cho vic b sung v xa s nhm d qun l hn. Mt th bc k hoch nh c thit k tt bao gm tt c nhng ng nh tuyn tt.

n gin trong vic cung cp: Gi cho k hoch quay s n gin v cn i khi thit k mng. C gng gi cho k hoch quay s ph hp trong mng bng cch s dng quy tc chuyn i thao tc cc m hnh quay s cc b. Nhng m hnh ny c chun ha thnh nh dng tiu chun hoc thnh cc m hnh trc khi cc s vo core VoIP. a cc s vo mt nh dng tiu chun s n gin ho vic cung cp v qun l dial-peer. Post dial delay: Hy xem xt nhng tc ng ca post-dial delay trong mng khi bn thit k mt k hoch quay s quy m ln. Post-dial delay l thi gian gia s cui cng c quay v thi im m in thoi chung ti a im tip nhn cuc gi. Trong PSTN, ngi ta mong i post-dial delay ngn v nghe chung trong vng vi giy. Cng nhiu b chuyn i, cc thao tc s, v tra cu din ra, post-dial delay cng lu hn. Tng quan thit k mng, cc quy tc chuyn i, v thay th ng dn nh hng n post-dial delay. Gim thiu s lng ca cc dial peer v cc b chuyn i lm gim post-dial delay. Nhng th khc cn xem xt l vic x l nhiu chc nng chuyn su m cc b nh tuyn cng c th c thc hin nh mng ring o (VPN) v dch a ch mng (NAT). Bt c vic g m s dng b vi x l mc no c th nh hng n qu trnh x l cuc gi ca gateway. Tnh sn sng v kh nng chu li: Xem xt tnh kh dng ca tng th mng v t l cuc gi thnh cng khi bn thit k mt k hoch quay s. Kh nng chu li v d phng l mt s li th ca mng VoIP. Cc cuc gi c th c t ng nh tuyn qua con ng IP d phng hoc thng qua mng PSTN. Gateway d phng c th c cung cp cho cc site lm nhim v quan trng. Cisco Unified Survivable Remote Site Telephony (Cisco Unified SRST) l mt tnh nng ca gateway cho php mt in thoi IP ng k vi gateway nu khng c Communications Manager c sn. Conformance to public standards 9. Nhng yu cu ca PSTN K hoch quay s Mt k hoch quay s PSTN c ba yu cu quan trng: nh tuyn cuc gi vo bn trong (inbound): cc cuc gi n t mng PSTN cn c nh tuyn mt cch chnh xc ti ch cui cng ca n, c th l mt chic in thoi c gn trc tip, bao gm c thit b u cui c x l bi Cisco Unified Communications Manager, Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express. Vic nh tuyn cuc gi inbound cng bao gm thao tc s m bo rng cuc gi i n Dch v nhn dng s c quay (DNIS), l s c gi n, ph hp vi m hnh d kin c ch i bi ch n. nh tuyn cuc gi ra bn ngoi: cc cuc gi ra PSTN cn c nh tuyn n 1 giao din voice ca gateway-v d, mt kt ni FXO hoc T1/E1. Ging vi cc cuc gi vo, cc cuc gi i cng c th yu cu thao tc s sa i DNIS theo yu cu PSTN. nh tuyn cuc gi i thng bao gm vic tch bt k m truy cp PSTN c th c trong s c gi. Correct PSTN Automatic Number Identification (ANI) presentation: mt kha cnh thng b b qun l biu din ANI chnh xc cho cc cuc gi PSTN n v i. ANI cho

cc cuc gi PSTN i thng b nh hng, m c th c tc ng tiu cc n kinh nghim ca end user. S gi c trnh by cho end user nn bao gm m truy cp PSTN v bt k nh danh khc c yu cu ca mng PSTN thnh cng trong vic thc hin cuc gi bng cch s dng m ANI-v d, bng cch s dng th mc cuc gi nh. 9.1. V d cuc gi PSTN inbound

Mc ny cho thy lu lng cuc gi cho mt cuc gi n. Mt site bao gm mt gateway H.323 c iu khin bi Cisco Unified Communications Manager. Phm vi DID ca ng trunk PSTN l 4085552XXX, v in thoi s dng phm vi m rng l 2xxx. y l qu trnh x l: Mt user PSTN thc hin 1 cuc gi ti 14085552001-c ngha l, ti in thoi 1-1. Vic thit lp cuc gi s nhn DNIS ca 4085552001 t gateway. Gateway chnh sa DNIS n 2001, phn m rng ca in thoi 1-1, v nh tuyn cc cuc gi n cng thoi c to ra khi cc in thoi IP ng k vi Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express in thoi chung. 9.2. V d cuc gi PSTN outbound

Mc ny cho thy lu lng cuc gi cho mt cuc gi i. Mt site bao gm 1 gateway H.323 v Cisco Unified Communications Manager. DNIS m Cisco Unified Communications Manager gi n gateway bao gm m s truy cp PSTN 9, v ANI l phn m rng c 4 s ca in thoi. y l qu trnh cc cuc gi ra bn ngoi i qua: S dng in thoi 1-1 vi phn m rng l 2001, user thc hin cuc gi n s 915.125.556.001. Gateway chp nhn cuc gi v sa i DNIS thnh 15125556001, tch m truy cp PSTN 9. Gateway cng thay i ANI thnh 4085552001 bng cch thm tin t m vng v m a phng vo 4 s phn m rng. Gateway gi ra mt thng ip thit lp Q.931ti PSTN vi ANI ca 4085552001. Thu bao in thoi PSTN ti 5125556001 chung. 10. Cu hnh K hoch quay s PSTN Thc hin theo cc bc sau cu hnh k hoch quay s PSTN: Cu hnh thao tc s cho cc cuc gi PSTN. Cu hnh thao tc s cho cc cuc gi lin site. Cu hnh dial-peer tronginbound v outbound ph hp. 10.1. V d K hoch quay s PSTN

Trong v d ny, bn c yu cu pht trin v thit lp mt k hoch quay s cho cng ty ca bn. K hoch quay s phi p ng yu cu ca mng theo quy nh. Di y l nhng yu cu: Site San Jose: - Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express trn Router 1 - DID vi phm vi 4085552XXX - S th mc phm vi 2xxx Site Austin: - Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express trn Router 3 - DID vi phm vi 5125553XXX - S th mc phm vi 3xxx Bt k nh tuyn cuc gi lin site no s dng PSTN, s yu cu thao tc s thay i phn m rng ca sood c gi t xa n mt s c th nh tuyn PSTN (v d, 200114085552001).

Thc hin theo th tc ny to ra v cu hnh mt k hoch quay s: 10.2. Thao tc s cho cuc gi n Di y l cc thao tc s c trin khai trn Router 1 cho cc cuc gi n: Quy tc chuyn i voice 1 c s dng thay i s lng gi vo s th mc thc t: router(config)# voice translation-rule 1 router(cfg-translation-rule)# rule 1 /^4085552/ /2/ Profile chuyn i thoi pstn-in c s dng thay i cuc gi gi v s ang gi: router(config)# voice translation-profile pstn-in router(cfg-translation-profile)# translate called 1 Profile chuyn i thoi pstn-in b rng buc vi cng thoi v s c s dng cho bt k cuc gi n no: router(config)# voice-port 0/0/0:23 router(config-voiceport)# translation-profile incoming pstn-in 10.3. Thao tc s cho cuc gi i

Di y l cc thao tc s c trin khai trn Router 1 cho cc cuc gi i. Quy tc chuyn i voice 2 ph hp vi 4 s m rng 2xxx v m rng n ti s DID 4085552XXX: router(config)# voice translation-rule 2 router(cfg-translation-rule)# rule 1 /^2/ /4085552/ Profile chuyn i voice pstn-out s dng quy tc ny chuyn i s ang gi: router(config)# voice translation-profile pstn-out router(cfg-translation-profile)# translate calling 2 Profile pstn-out c gn vi cng thoi 0/0/0: 23: router(config)# voice-port 0/0/0:23 router(config-voiceport)# translation-profile outgoing pstn-out Di y l cc thao tc s c trin khai trn Router 3 cho cc cuc gi i: router(config)# voice translation-rule 2 router(cfg-translation-rule)# rule 1 /^3/ /5125553/ router(config)# voice translation-profile pstn-out router(cfg-translation-profile)# translate calling 2 router(config)# voice-port 0/0/0:23 router(config-voiceport)# translation-profile outgoing pstnout 10.4. Thao tc s cho cuc gi lin site

Di y l cu hnh c trin khai trn Router 1 cho php m rng short-dialing ti Austin: router(config)# num-exp 3... 915125553... Di y l cu hnh c trin khai trn Router 1 cho php m rng short-dialing ti San Jose: router(config)# num-exp 2... 914085552... 10.5. Outbound Dial Peer Matching

Sau khi thao tc s cho cc cuc gi n c nh ngha, cc outbound dial peer cn phi c to ra. C hai router yu cu mt single dial peer nh tuyn cuc gi ra PSTN. Cc cu hnh n gin nht l 1 single dial peer vi m hnh ch 9T. router(config)# dial-peer voice 910 pots router(config-dial-peer)# destination-pattern 9[2-9]..[2-9]...... router(config-dial-peer)# direct-inward-dial router(config-dial-peer)# port 0/0/0:23 Lu rng: cc m hnh ch n c thit lp n 9 [2-9] .. [2-9] .......Dial-peer ny cng s c s dng cho cc call legs i, do , cc lnh direct-inward-dial c kch hot cho php nh tuyn cuc gi bng cch nhn thng tin ca s c gi. 10.6. Inbound Dial Peer Matching

Trn Router 1, dial peer 9 nn c gi n cc dial peer cho cc cuc gi PSTN. Cch tip cn ph bin nht l kt hp vi s gi n. Trong trng hp ny, n khng phi l phm vi DID 14085552XXX nhng phn m rng thc t l 2xxx. iu ny l do profile chuyn i voice c cu hnh trn cng thoi, v n cho thy rng iu quan trng l phi bit th t cc thao tc s v s ph hp dial-peer. S dng lnh incoming called-number 2... trn dial peer 910, dial peer PSTN n ph hp vi cu hnh ca 910 dial-peer: router(config)# dial-peer voice 910 pots router(config-dial-peer)# destination-pattern 9[2-9]..[2-9]...... router(config-dial-peer)# direct-inward-dial router(config-dial-peer)# incoming called-number 2... router(config-dial-peer)# port 0/0/0:23 Router 3 c cu hnh kt hp inbound PSTN dial-peer bng cch s dng khi nim tng t nh trn Router 1: router(config)# dial-peer voice 910 pots router(config-dial-peer)# destination-pattern 9[2-9]..[2-9]...... router(config-dial-peer)# direct-inward-dial router(config-dial-peer)# incoming called-number 3... router(config-dial-peer)# port 0/0/0:23 10.7. Cu hnh hon chnh

Router1 voice translation-rule 1 rule 1 /^4085552/ /2/ voice translation-rule 2 rule 1 /^2/ /4085552/ voice translation-profile pstn-out translate calling 2 voice translation-profile pstn-in translate called 1 voice-port 0/0/0:23 translation-profile incoming pstn-in translation-profile outgoing pstn-out dial-peer voice 910 pots destination-pattern 9[2-9]..[2-9]...... incoming called-number 2... direct-inward-dial port 0/0/0:23 num-exp 3... 915125553... Router3 voice translation-rule 1 rule 1 /^3125553/ /3/ voice translation-rule 2 rule 1 /^3/ /3125553/ voice translation-profile pstn-out translate calling 2 voice translation-profile pstn-in translate called 1 voice-port 0/0/0:23 translation-profile incoming pstn-in translation-profile outgoing pstn-out dial-peer voice 910 pots destination-pattern 9[2-9]..[2-9]...... incoming called-number 3... direct-inward-dial port 0/0/0:23 num-exp 2... 914085552... 11. V d v lu lng cuc gi n

Di y l cc bc c th c lin quan n trong v d ny: Bc 1: user quay s 14085552001 v nhn c mt cuc gi n. DNIS v ANI c sa i bi profile chuyn i voice: - Outgoing DNIS: 2001 - ANI i: 915125553002 Bc 2: dial-peer bn trong kt hp vi dial peer 9 nh lnh incoming called-number 2... Bc 3: dial-peer bn ngoi kt hp vi dial peer 2001 nh lnh destination-pattern 2001. 12. V d v lu lng cuc gi i

Di y l cc bc c th c lin quan n trong v d ny: Bc 1: dial peer 2001 bn trong c kt hp nh lnh destination-pattern 2001. Bc 2: dial-peer bn ngoi c kt hp vi dial peer 910 nh lnh destination-pattern 9[2-9]..[2-9]....... S 9 c tch t DNIS. Bc 3: profile chuyn i voice i ra trn cng thoi chnh sa thnh ANI 4085552001, v cuc gi c nh tuyn n mng PSTN. 13. Phn tch K hoch quay s PSTN

Cc lnh show dial-peer voice v lnh show dialplan number c s dng xc minh k hoch quay s trn gateway.

hin th thng tin cho voice dial peer, s dng lnh show dial-peer voice. router# show dial-peer voice <tag> summary S dng lnh ny hin th cu hnh cho tt c cc VoIP v POTS dial peer c cu hnh trn router. hin th th thng tin cu hnh cho 1 dial-peer c th, s dng tham s <number > xc nh dial-peer c th. hin th th thng tin tm tt cho tt c cc dial peer, s dng cc t kha <sumary>. Q.850 Cause Codes Q.850 cause codecs rt hu ch khi x l s c ngt kt ni cuc gi. Bng sau y lit k cc tiu chun Q.850 cause codecs c s dng cho PRI v H.323. Standard Cause Codes Cause Code HEX DEC 0x1 0x3 0x6 0x7 1 3 6 7 Unallocated number No route to destination Channel unacceptable Call awarded and nh ngha

0x10 0x11 0x12 0x13 0x15 0x16 0x1A 0x1B 0x1C 0x1D 0x1E 0x1F 0x22 0x26 0x29 0x2A

16 17 18 19 21 22 26 27 28 29 30 31 34 38 41 42

0x2B 0x2C 0x2F 0x31 0x32 0x39

43 44 47 49 50 57

being delivered in an established channel Normal call clearing User busy No user responding 19 No answer from user Call rejected Number changed Nonselected user clearing Destination out of order Invalid number format Facility rejected Response to a status enquiry Normal, unspecified No channel available Network out of order Temporary failure Switching equipment congestion Access information discarded Request channel not available Resource not available Quality of service unavailable Requested facility not subscribed Bearer capability

0x3A

58

0x3F 0x41 0x42 0x45 0x46

63 65 66 69 70

0x4F

79

0x51 0x52 0x53

81 82 83

0x54 0x55 0x56

84 85 86

0x58 0x5B 0x5F 0x60

88 91 95 96

0x61

97

not authorized Bearer capability not presently available Service or option not available Bearer capability not implemented Channel type not implemented Request facility not implemented Only restricted digital information bearer capability is available Service or option not implemented, unspecified Invalid call reference value Identified channel does not exist Suspended call exists, but call identity does not Call identity in use No call suspended Call with the specified call identity is cleared Incompatible destination Invalid transit network selection Invalid message, unspecified Mandatory information element is missing Message type nonexistent or not

0x62

98

0x63

99

0x64 0x65

100 101

0x66 0x6F 0x7F

102 111 127

implemented Message not compatible with call state or message type nonexistent Information element nonexistent or not implemented Invalid information element contents Message not compatible with call state Recovery on timer expiry Protocol error, unspecified Internetworking, unspecified

S dng lnh show dialplan number xem cu hnh k hoch quay s cho 1 s c th.

Mt s lnh debug c sn x l s c k hoch quay s. debug isdn q931

V d trn l mu u ra t lnh debug isdn q931 ca mt th tc thit lp cuc gi cho mt cuc gi n. S dng lnh debug isdn q931 trong mode privileged EXEC hin th thng tin v thit lp cuc gi v teardown cc kt ni mng ISDN (Layer 3) gia cc router cc b (pha ngi dng) v mng. Cc layer giao din mng ISDN c cung cp bi cc router ph hp vi c im k thut ca giao din ngi dng c nh ngha bi ITU-T Recommendation Q.931, b sung bi cc chi tit k thut khc nh switch type VN4. Cc router theo di cc hot ng ch xy ra v pha ngi dng, khng phi l pha mng, kt ni mng. u ra ca lnh debug isdn q931 c gii hn cc lnh v p ng c trao i trong qu trnh truyn thng v vn chuyn qua cc knh d liu peer-to-peer (knh D). Thng tin debug ny khng bao gm d liu c gi qua cc knh v danh (B knh)_ l mt phn ca giao din ISDN ca router. Cc peer (lp mng) giao tip vi nhau da trn 1 switch ISDN thng qua knh D. Mt router c th l bn gi hoc bn c gi ca thit lp cuc gi v cc th tc teardown kt ni mng Q.931 ISDN. Nu router l bn mi, lnh s hin th thng tin v mt cuc gi i. Nu router l ngi c gi, lnh s hin th thng tin v cuc gi n.

V d trn l mu u ra t lnh debug isdn q931 ca th tc thit lp cuc gi cho mt cuc gi i. Bn c th s dng lnh debug isdn q931 vi lnh debug isdn event v lnh debug isdn q921 cng mt lc. Cc hin th kt qu s c xen k nhau. S dng lnh service timestamps debug datetime msec trong ch cu hnh global bao gm thi gian cho mi gi tin.

hin th thng tin v voice dial peer, s dng lnh debug voip dialpeer trong mode privileged EXEC.

xem thng tin quy tc chuyn i voice, s dng lnh debug voice translation. Di y l u ra mu t lnh debug voice translation cho cc quy tc chuyn i sau y: voice translation-rule 1001 rule 1 /^.*/ /5551212/

Summary K hoch quay s nh ngha cc cuc gi c kt ni vi nhau v c nh tuyn nh th no. B nh a ch thit b u cui cp s th mc cho cc thit b u cui. nh tuyn cuc gi v la chn ng i nh ngha mt cuc gi c nh tuyn n u v thng ph thuc vo s ca ngi c gi. Tnh nng thao tc s m bo rng cc s c nh dng chnh xc v c kt ni cht ch vi nh tuyn cuc gi. Calling privileges xc nh nhng im ch m mt ngi s dng c th quay s. Phm vi cuc gi m bo rng cuc gi n khng b mt. Mt s yu t phi c xem xt khi thit k k hoch quay s c kh nng m rng. Tng tc vi mng PSTN i hi phi nh tuyn cuc gi v thao tc s thch hp. Thao tc s da trn mt TON v nh s k hoch cn thit cho cc mng ISDN. Cu hnh k hoch quay s PSTN bao gm cu hnh thao tc s, inbound dial peers, inbound dial-peer ph hp vi outbound dial-peer. Xc minh s kt hp chnh xc gia cc dial-peer v thao tc s bng cch s dng lnh show v debug. Trin khai k hoch nh s 1. c tnh ca k hoch nh s

Mt k hoch nh s m t k hoch nh a ch cho thit b u cui c s dng trong mt mng VoIP v tng t nh a ch IP c s dng trong mt mng IP. Mt k hoch nh s xc nh mt s in thoi duy nht cho mi thit b u cui VoIP v ng dng trong mng. thit k 1 k hoch nh s tt nn nh gi c hai yu cu hin ti v yu cu kh nng m rng v pht trin trnh phi nh s li khi c nhiu ngi dng kt ni vi mng voice hn. Thc hin mt mng VoIP bao gm vic thit k mt k hoch nh s cho tt c cc thit b u cui hoc xem xt mt k hoch s tn ti p ng kh nng m rng v hon chnh. Mt k hoch quay s ch c th c thit k sau khi k hoch nh s c hon thnh v sau khi m hnh cuc gi v kt ni ti mng PSTN c thng sut. Trin khai mng VoIP i hi c k hoch nh s v k hoch quay s. 2. Danh mc k hoch nh s K hoch nh s bao gm nhng loi sau y: Private numbering plans: k hoch nh s ring c s dng nh a ch cho cc thit b u cui v cc ng dng trong mng ring. K hoch nh s ring c khng yu cu phi tun theo bt k nh dng c th no v c th c to ra p ng nhu cu ca mng. Bi v hu ht cc mng in thoi ring kt ni vi mng PSTN ti mt s im trong thit k, n th tt cho vic lp k hoch k hoch nh s ring trng vi phm vi s cng khai c cp. B chuyn i s c th c yu cu khi kt ni mng thoi vi mng PSTN. Public or PSTN numbering plans: K hoch nh s PSTN hoc public l s k hoch duy nht vi 1 quc gia. - K hoch nh s public vin thng quc t(E.164): tiu chun E.164 l mt k hoch nh s quc t cho cc h thng in thoi cng cng, trong mi s c cp 1, 2, hoc 3 s m quc gia (CC) c theo sau bi mt m ch ca quc gia (NDC) v sau l mt s thu bao (SN). C th ln n 15 s trong mt s E.164. K hoch E.164 ban u c pht trin bi Lin minh Vin thng Quc t (ITU). - K hoch nh s quc gia: Mt s k hoch quc gia nh ngha cu trc nh s cho mt quc gia c th hoc nhm cc nc. Mt v d K hoch nh s Bc M (NANP). N nh ngha mt s k hoch 10 s. Con s ny c i din bi XXX XXX-XXXX. u tin l ba s m khu vc(NPA) (thng c gi l m vng). Ba s tip theo l m vn phng trung tm. Cui cng, cn 4 s dnh cho thu bao. Hoa K, Canada, v cc nc vng Caribbean u s dng NANP cp s. Cc quc gia khc s dng k hoch nh s quc gia khc nhau. 3. Cn nhc khi thit k k hoch nh s ring Khi thit k mt k hoch nh s ring, cc vn sau y cn phi c gii quyt: S lng thit b c th cp a ch(Number of addressable devices): th s dng cc s c t con s nht c th quay s ni b gip cho ngi dng nh m rng d dng hn.

S lng a im (Number of locations): s dng cc s c t con s nht c th cho cc cuc gi trong location v thm phn m rng m site cho cc cuc gi gia cc locations. nh tuyn cuc gi n(inbound): Mt s cng ty mua mt khi cc s t mt nh cung cp dch v v cho php tt c cc s quay s trc tip vo bn trong (DID). Cc cng ty khc thch s dng mt single cho ngi gi t bn ngoi v sau nh tuyn tt c cc cuc gi n mt nhn vin tip tn hoc ti auto-attendant sau s chuyn tip cuc gi n bn c gi. M truy cp PSTN: m truy cp PSTN phn bit cuc gi ni b v cc cuc gi bn ngoi. Ti Hoa K, 9 thng c s dng nh l mt m truy cp PSTN, mc d nhiu quc gia khc s dng 8. Mt tc dng ca vic s dng m truy cp PSTN l rng bn khng th s dng m truy cp PSTN bt u mt phn m rng. Ni cch khc, nu bn s dng 9 nh mt m s truy cp PSTN, sau bn khng th c mt phm vi m rng 9xxx. 4. Cc yu t thng gp trong k hoch nh s PSTN K hoch nh s hu ht cc quc gia u chia s mt s yu t chung. K hoch nh s thng h tr cc loi hoc cc lp s sau y: Dch v khn cp: Mt s quc gia cung cp mt s duy nht cho tt c cc dch v khn cp trong khi cc nc khc c con s ring bit. Thng tin hoc dch v th mc: hu ht cc quc gia c mt s dch v th mc. Ti Hoa K, n thng l 411. Cc cuc gi cc b: cuc gi cc b thng c min ph trong mt khu vc a l cc b. Cc cuc gi in thoi di ng: Hu ht cc nc tnh ph cho ngi gi n in thoi di ng. Hoa K l mt ngoi l ng ch bi v n khng lm iu ny. Vic tnh ph ngi gi yu cu in thoi di ng c cp mt range s c th. Ti Hoa K, ngi gi phi thanh ton cho cc cuc gi n v i, do , in thoi di ng c th c gn m s t cc pool ging nh in thoi truyn thng. Long distance or toll(gi ng di hoc thu ph): cc cuc gi ng di l cuc gi ra bn ngoi ca khu vc a l cc b. Nhng cuc gi thng yu cu mt m s truy cp cng nh mt m vng v s thu bao. Gi min ph(toll free): Gi min ph th khng tnh cc cho ngi thc hin cuc gi. Cc cuc gi c thanh ton cho ngi nhn bi cc nh cung cp dch v. Cc ph(premium): cuc gi phi tr ph cho mi pht hoc cho mi cuc gi. Cc cuc gi thng b chn bi cc cng ty v h thng xuyn c s dng cho mc ch "gii tr". Ti Hoa K, thng c bit l s 900. Quc t: cc cuc gi quc t c gi sang cc nc khc bng cch s dng mt m truy cp tip theo l m quc gia ITU E.164 v sau s thu bao y , bao gm c m vng. 5. V d v NANP

Qu trnh nh tuyn cuc gi nh sau: Mt thu bao Texas quay s 17035550123. Bu in trung tm (CO) Texas nhn ra rng "1" c ngha l khng phi l mt cuc gi ni b v chuyn tip cuc gi n mt nh cung cp ng di Texas. Nh cung cp ng di Texas nhn ra 703 l m vng Virginia v chuyn tip cuc gi n mt nh cung cp ng di Virginia. Nh cung cp ng di Virginia chuyn tip cuc gi n Bu in trung tm (CO) cc b Virginia. Bu in trung tm (CO) a phng phn phi cuc gi n thu bao chnh xc. 6. Kh nng m rng s k hoch Kh nng m rng mng in thoi yu cu k hoch nh s in thoi phn cp c thit k tt. Thit k phn cp c 5 li th: n gin trong vic cung cp: cp n kh nng d dng thm cc nhm mi v sa i cc nhm hin c. nh tuyn n gin: gi cuc gi ni b v s dng mt phm chuyn dng, chng hn nh m vng, cho cc cuc gi ng di. Summarization: thnh lp cc nhm s trong mt khu vc a l c th hoc mt nhm chc nng. Kh nng m rng: cung cp nhm s b sung cao cp. Qun l: iu khin nhm s bt k t mt im duy nht tng th trong mng.

Khng phi d dng thit k mt k hoch nh s phn cp. K hoch nh s hin c trong mng c th bao gm PBX c quyn, key system, v cc dch v in thoi nh Centrex. S cn thit ph hp vi PSTN ti cc gateway cng s gp phn lm cho thit k phc tp. B chuyn i gia cc h thng ny cng l mt nhim v kh khn. Nu c th, trnh retrainning li h thng ngi dng. Mc ch l thit k mt k hoch nh s c bn thuc tnh sau: Gim thiu tc ng trn h thng hin c. Gim thiu tc ng ti ngi s dng ca h thng. Gim thiu cu hnh b chuyn i Cn nhc vic pht trin h thng. 7. Chng lp k hoch nh s

Trong mt s trng hp, cc qun tr vin c nhim v kt ni hai hoc nhiu mng voice vi di s b chng lp. Vic chng lp k hoch nh s xy ra khi cc s DID c cp bi nh cung cp dch v c cng phm vi m rng ti hai hoc nhiu a im khc nhau. V d, khi hai cng ty hp nht, cng ty X c th c 1 di s cho ngi s dng l 1xxx, v Cng ty Y cng c th s dng dy s 1xxx. Khi x l vi di s chng lp, mt trong nhng gii php l cp 1 m s truy cp site duy nht cho tng v tr ring l. Ngi dng sau s quay s m truy cp, tip theo l s phn m rng. S lng cc ch s c s dng cho m truy cp s ph thuc vo tng s a im b nh hng.

Mc ny cho thy 1 mi trng vi 2 site: San Jose v Austin. C 2 site cng s dng di s th mc l 2xxx. Khi bn ang kt ni mng thoi c hai site, nh tuyn s c vn bi v mt ngi s dng quay s 2001 c th gi n in thoi 1-1 San Jose hoc in thoi 2-1 Austin. C 3 cch gii quyt cc vn chng cho s th mc nh sau: Thit k li cc dy s th mc m bo khng c chng ln s th mc xy ra. S dng mt m truy cp lin site v m site s c dt vo trc s th mc to ra con s duy nht c th gi c. V d, bn c th s dng mt m Intersite ca 8, cp cho m truy cp San Jose l 801 v m truy cp Austin l 802. Khng cp s DID, thay vo , to ra 1 s duy nht v s dng nhn vin tip tn hoc auto-attendant.

8. Tch hp k hoch nh s pravite v public

K hoch nh s khc nhau rt nhiu trn ton th gii. Cc quc gia khc nhau s dng di s v k hoch phn cp khc nhau. Nh sn xut thit b in thoi v cc nh cung cp dch v s dng s khng theo chun. Trong n lc chun ha k hoch nh s, ITU pht trin chng trnh tin t E.164 trn ton th gii. Tch hp k hoch nh s t mt h thng ni b (chng hn nh h thng VoIP v PBX) ti mng PSTN yu cu lp k hoch cn thn. Cu trc phn cp ca k hoch nh s v cc vn lin quan vi di s khc nhau trong cc h thng khc nhau lm cho vic tch hp k hoch nh s tr nn phc tp. Di y l mt s thch thc m bn phi i mt vi vic tch hp k hoch nh s: di s thay i: Trong mng IP, mt cn nhc c a ra thay i di con s tn ti bn ngoi mng IP. Quay s ni b, ng di, key system, v Centrex t bn trong mng IP c th yu cu thao tc s. Dch v chuyn mn: dch v nh Centrex v cc dch v tng ng ca n thng c 4 hoc 5 con s. Gi t PSTN vo mng VoIP pravite v sau ra mt phn m rng Centrex cng c th yu cu thao tc s c m rng. Voice mail: Khi bn c gi l khng th nhn c cuc gi, cc mng c th c th chuyn hng cc cuc gi n hp th thoi. Bi v h thng voice-mail c th yu cu mt k hoch nh s hon ton khc so vi cc in thoi u cui, do cn thit phi c 1 b chuyn i. S cn thit ca tin t hoc m vng: vic tch hoc thm m vng l rt cn thit, hoc thm vo trc hoc thay th tin t. Ti nh tuyn cc cuc gi t mng IP ti mng PSTN phc hi cuc gi tht bi c th yu cu b sung thm s. Cn nhc khi quay s quc t: m quc gia v k hoch nh s c chiu di khc nhau gia cc nc. Quay s thng qua mng IP sang nc khc i hi phi xem xt cn thn. o to ngi dng cui d s dng " (End-user training and ease of use): Khi k hoch nh s c thc hin, cn c thi gian o to ngi dng trn cc k hoch mi gim thiu nhm ln khi ngi dng c chuyn sang k hoch mi. Cng o to

ngi dng, cng d dng hn cho h s dng h thng "mi". Nhiu h thng VoIP trin khai thc hin nhn c nh gi thp bi v ngi s dng khng c o to ng cch trc khi h thng chuyn sang mt k hoch nh s mi.

Hnh trn cho thy mt cuc gi t PSTN n s 17035550123. Gateway phi nhn ra cc im n chnh xc. Tt c cc thit b u cui c phn cui chui s ging nhau. Di y l mt s cu hi thit k cn c cn nhc. u l thit b u cui chnh xc c gi? Gateway c nn thm tin t cho s c gi? C nn tch b hoc b qua cc con s? 9. V d v vic tch hp k hoch nh s pravite v public

Trong v d ny, PSTN s c s dng nh ng d phng cho cuc gi gia San Jose v Austin. Bc 1 : Ngi dng bn San Jose quay s m truy cp site Austin (5) tip theo phn m rng 4 s ca in thoi ch (1012). Bc 2 : voice gateway s xc nh xem cuc gi c th c hon thnh bng cch s dng IP WAN hay phi c nh tuyn thng qua mng PSTN. Bc 3 : thao tc s c thc hin ty thuc vo con ng c chn. Tch m truy cp site v gi 4 s nu cuc gi thng qua mng WAN IP. Tch m truy cp site v thm tin t 1512555 nu cc cuc gi thng qua PSTN. 10. V d trin khai k hoch nh s

Trong v d ny, cng ty ca bn c nhiu c s v hin ang nh gi cc k hoch nh s kt hp gia cc c s Houston v Dallas. Qu trnh thit k k hoch nh s bao gm vic tm ra s ca ngi s dng hin hnh ti mi a im v nh gi cc yu cu tng trng trong tng lai. Cc k hoch nh s ni b s s dng s DID PSTN c cp ti mi site. y l nhng yu cu: Xc nh m truy cp 1 s duy nht (1-8) ti mi campus M truy cp 1 s duy nht (9) nh hng cc cuc gi ti PSTN Quay s lin site da trn phn m rng 4 s Quay s lin site da trn da trn m truy cp thm vo phn m rng 4 s Truy cp PSTN a phng i hi m truy cp 9 ng trc 10 s v cng i hi 9 c tch ra 10 s i n switch PSTN. Truy cp PSTN ng di i hi m truy cp 9 c theo sau bi s 1, tip theo l s 10 s v cng l 9 c tch ra 11 s i n switch PSTN. Danh sch thng s k thut cho k hoch quay s cng ty ca bn l nh sau: Tr s chnh Houston (HQ) c dy s 713-555-1xxx, 713-555-2xxx, v 713-555-3xxx. Houston HQ c m truy cp site l 7.

Dallas c dy s 972-555-1xxx v 972-555-2xxx. Dallas c m truy cp site l 5. Dy s ca gateway PSD (at the airport location) l 281-555-5xxx. PSD c m truy cp site l 6. Richmond c dy s l 281-555-5xxx. Richmond c m truy cp site l 4. PSTN yu cu quay s 10 s cho cc cuc gi ni b. PSTN i hi "1" + 10 s cho cc cuc gi ng di. HQ n PSD l ni b thng qua PSTN. Houston n Dallas l ng di thng qua PSTN. Cuc gi lin site yu cu phn m rng c 4 s. Cuc gi lin site yu cu 1 m truy cp v phn m rng c 4 s. Da trn cc thng s k thut k hoch quay s, cc thng s thch hp c thng k trong bng di y.

Summary K hoch nh s xc nh s in thoi v cc ng dng voice cho thit b u cui, trong khi k hoch quay s xc nh nh tuyn cuc gi v thao tc s. K hoch nh s bao gm k hoch nh s pravite v public. Kh nng m rng mng in thoi yu cu k hoch nh s phi c phn cp. Dy s b chng lp c gii quyt thng qua vic s dng m truy cp site. di s khc nhau, cc dch v chuyn dng, th thoi, cn c tin t hoc m s khu vc, v quay s quc t l nhng thch thc lin quan n vic tch hp mt k hoch nh s ring vi cc k hoch nh s cng cng.

Thao tc s v chun ha s l phng php m rng v pht trin cc k hoch nh s VoIP. Cisco Emergency Responder t ng theo di b sung, di chuyn, v thay i ca ngi s dng in thoi di ng VoIP v thay th ANI bng Elin xc nh v tr hin ti ca ngi khi to cuc gi. Thc hin mt k hoch nh s i hi phi c qu trnh thit k k hoch s bao gm lit k s lng ngi ang s dng ti mi a im v nh gi cc yu cu pht trin trong tng lai. PHN IV. Cu hnh thao tc s 1. Thao tc s Thao tc s l thm hoc bt s vo s c quay ph hp vi thi quen quay s hoc nhu cu ca gateway. Thao tc s kt hp cht ch vi vic thm, bt v chnh sa s in thoi. V d bn phi thm m vng cuc gi c th c nh tuyn ra mng PSTN hoc tch m site t cuc gi lin site trong cng cng ty. C th thao tc s c gi, s thc hin cuc gi, s c chuyn tip. C th ng dng thao tc s cho cuc gi n, cuc gi i hoc cho tt c cuc gi ton cu. C th thao tc trc hoc sau khi kt hp vi dial peer. K t khi call agent thc hin thao tc s trong mng MGCP, thao tc s c th ch c thc hin trn gateway H.323 v SIP. Thao tc s l mt kha cnh quan trng ca bt k k hoch quay s v cc cng c khc nhau tn ti trn cc gateway Cisco IOS. thc hin thao tc s bao gm: Thao tc s c bn: - Lnh digit-strip l mt lnh tch cc s ph hp trong mt m hnh ch ca dial-peer. Lnh digit-strip ch c h tr trn dial peer POTS. Vic tch s xy ra sau khi dial-peer outbound c kt hp v trc khi bt k s no c gi i. S c gi c thao tc bng cch s dng tch s. Tch s c kch hot mc nh trn cc POTS dial peer. - Lnh forward-digits {num-digits|all|extra} l mt lnh dial-peer xc nh c bao nhiu s ph hp nn c chuyn tip. xc nh s no chuyn tip cho cc cuc gi voice, s dng lnh forward-digits trong mode cu hnh dial peer. xc nh rng bt k ch s khng ph hp vi m hnh ch khng c chuyn tip, s dng lnh ny dng no. Lnh ny ch p dng cho POTS dial peer. - Lnh prefix l 1 lnh dial-peer m gn tin t cho cc s c th c chuyn tip bi dial-peer. S dng lnh ny xc nh mt tin t cho mt dial-peer c th. Khi mt cuc gi i c khi to ti dial-peer ny, chi gi tr tin t c gi n giao din cu h thng in thoi u tin, trc khi s in thoi c lin kt vi dial peer. Nu bn mun cu hnh cc tin t khc nhau cho cc s c quay trn cng mt giao din, bn cn phi cu hnh cc dial peer khc nhau. Lnh ny ch p dng vi POTS dial peer. - Lnh num-exp l mt lnh ton cu c p dng cho tt c cc cuc gi, thc hin hnh ng kt hp-v-thay tng hoc gim s. Lnh ny thng c s dng cho cc cuc gi gn v m site. M rng s xy ra trc khi kt hp vi dial-peer. S c gi l c thao tc bng cch s dng m rng s.

- Lnh clid c th c s dng sa i cc ID ca ngi gi (cn c gi l ID ngi gi hoc CLID), v d, hn ch thng tin ID ngi gi. Thao tc ID ngi gi xy ra sau khi dial-peer outbound c kt hp v trc khi bt k s no c gi i. S v tn ngi gi c thao tc bng cch s dng thao tc ID ngi gi. Cu hnh v nguyn tc ca b chuyn i voice: Cu hnh v nguyn tc ca b chuyn i voice l cng c mnh m nht ca Cisco IOS m bn c th s dng thc hin thao tc s. S dng kt hp vi biu regular expressions, 1 k hoch nh s, v 1 Type of Number (TON), bn c th thc hin gn nh bt k mi s thay i chng hn nh thao tc cc s gi (ANI- Nhn dng S t ng), thao tc s s c gi (DNIS DNISDch v nhn dng s c quay), hoc thay i chuyn hng s cho mt cuc gi voice. Hn ch duy nht l c php phc tp.

2. Thu thp v s dng s (Digit Collection and Consumption)

Mc nh, khi cc router ch kt hp mt chui quay s vi POTS outbound dial-peer, router s tch cc ch s bn tri ra ph hp vi m hnh ch. Cc ch s cn li c chuyn tip n giao din h thng in thoi v kt ni cc thit b nh PBX hoc PSTN. Tch s l hnh ng mong mun trong mt s trng hp. Khng cn chuyn tip cc s ra khi dial peer POTS nu n ang tr ti 1 cng FXS kt ni in thoi hoc my fax. Khi 1 PBX hoc PSTN c kt ni thng qua cc dial peer POTS, vic tch s l khng mong mun, v nhng thit b ny cn s b sung tip tc chuyn hng cuc gi i xa hn. Trong nhng tnh hung ny, qun tr vin phi nh gi s lng cc con s cn c chuyn tip cho cc thit b t xa x l cuc gi mt cch chnh xc. Vi mt dialpeer VoIP, tt c cc ch s c truyn qua mng n cc router ch.

Khi mt cuc gi thoi i vo mng, router thu thp ch s nh sau: Cc router ngun s thu thp nhng s c quay cho n khi n ph hp vi dialpeer outbound. Router ngay lp tc thc hin cuc gi v chuyn tip chui lin quan quay. Router khng thu thp s c quay b sung. 3. Tch s

Vic tch s tch bt k cc s gi i mt cch r rng ph hp vi m hnh ch ca 1 dial-peer c th. Mc nh dial peer POTS tch bt k s gi i no mt cch r rng ph hp vi m hnh ch ca n trong khi cc VoIP dial peer truyn tt c cc con s trong s c gi. V d, mt m hnh ch 5551 ..., s c truyn ti PSTN s cha 3 con s cui cng. Bn con s u tin, 5551, s b tch b bi v n ph hp vi m hnh ch. Trong v d trn, ngi s dng quay s 9 gi ti s bn ngoi. Nu m hnh ch c cu hnh 9T sau 9 c kt hp v tch b t s c gi gi n mng PSTN. Mt khc, bn c th c mt dial-peer cho s gi khn cp nh 911 M. Nu cc m hnh ch l 911, bn s khng mun cc con s ny b tch ra . Trong trng hp ny, bn s cn phi s dng lnh no digit-strip v hiu ha chc nng t ng tch s. iu ny cho php router kt hp s v gi n giao din h thng in thoi. 4. Chuyn tip s

Nu bn cn kim sot nhiu hn cc con s c truyn ti mng PSTN, bn c th s dng chuyn tip s. Chuyn tip s xc nh c th s lng cc ch s phi c chuyn tip n giao din h thng in thoi, bt k n c ph hp hay khng. Khi mt s lng c th cc ch s c cu hnh chuyn tip, s lng ny phi r rng. V d, trong hnh trn, dial-peer POTS c m hnh ch c cu hnh ph hp vi tt c cc phn m rng trong phm vi 1000. Mc nh, ch c 3 ch s cui cng c chuyn tip n tng i PBX kt ni vi cng thoi quy nh. Nu PBX cn tt c 4 s nh tuyn cuc gi, bn phi s dng lnh forward-digits 4, hoc forward-digits all c s lng con s thch hp chuyn tip. Lu : Chuyn tip s ch p dng i vi cc dial peer POTS. 5. Gn tin t

Tin t l thm ch s trc ca chui s c quay trc khi n c chuyn tip n giao din h thng in thoi. S dng lnh prefix khi cc s c quay ri khi router phi c thay i t cc s c quay c ngun ph hp vi dial-peer. V d, mt cuc gi c quay bng cch s dng phn m rng 4 s nh 2123, nhng cuc gi cn phi c chuyn n mng PSTN, yu cu quay s bng 10 s. Nu phn m rng c 4 s kt hp vi 4 s cui ca s PSTN thc t, bn c th s dng lnh prefix 5125552 thm vo trc 7 s b sung cn thit cho mng PSTN nh tuyn cc cuc gi n 5125552123. Sau khi dial peer POTS c kt hp vi m hnh ch ca s 2123, lnh prefix thm ch s b sung vo ng trc v chui 5125552123 c gi ra cng thoi PSTN. 6. S m rng

S m rng l mt phng php thay th thm s vo cc cuc gi i. Trong khi vic gn tin t ch c p dng cho single dial peer th m rng s c p dng cho tt c cc cuc gi trn ton cu. Lnh ton cu num-exp m rng 1 phn s in thoi thnh mt s in thoi y hoc thay th mt s bng mt s khc. K t khi s m rng xut hin trc khi outbound dial-peer c kt hp, bn phi cu hnh outbound dial-peer vi s m rng trong cc m hnh ch thay v s ban u cc cuc gi thnh cng. Bng m rng s tr nn hu ch khi PSTN thay i cc yu cu quay s t quay s gm 7 s thnh quay s 10 s. Trong tnh hung ny, bn c th lm mt trong nhng iu sau y: Tt c nhng ngi s dng quay s 10 s ph hp vi cc dial peer POTS mi ang tr n mng PSTN. Cho php ngi dng tip tc quay s 7 s nh trc y, nhng m rng s bao gm m vng trc khi dial-peer outbound 10 s c kt hp. Lu : Bn phi s dng lnh show num-exp xem bng cu hnh s m rng. Bn phi s dng lnh show dialplan number string xc nhn s hin din ca dial-peer hp l ph hp vi s mi c m rng. 7. V d thao tc s n gin cho POTS Dial Peers

Mc ny cho thy hot ng thao tc s n gin cho dial peer POTS. Mt ngi s dng quay s 913125550123, v cuc gi c x l bi cc lnh dial-peer voice 9 pots trn H.323 gateway. Ty thuc vo cc cu lnh, Dch v xc nh s c quay (DNIS) s c sa i khc nhau: Nu lnh no digit-strip c s dng, DNIS s l 913.125.550.123. Khng c ch s no c sa i. Nu lnh digit-strip c s dng, mc nh trn tt c cc dial peer POTS, 9 s c tch b, kt qu DNIS l 13125550123. Nu lnh forward-digits 4 c s dng, ch c bn ch s cui cng s c chuyn tip, kt qu DNIS l 0123. Nu lnh prefix 9 v digit-strip c s dng kt hp, u tin 9 b tch b v sau tin t l c gn thm mt ln na, kt qu DNIS l 913125550123. 8. V d v s m rng

Mc ny cho thy lnh num-exp nh ngha quay ngn nh th no. Nu mt ngi s dng quay s 0123, cuc gi nn c nh tuyn n DNIS 3125550123: Ngi dng quay 0123. Bi v gateway c cu hnh num-exp 0 913125550, DNIS 0123 c kt hp v chnh sa thnh 913125550123. DNIS ny kt hp dial peer 9 nh tuyn cuc gi ra mng PSTN. Cc in thoi PSTN chung. 9. Thao tc vi ID ngi gi Bn c th s dng lnh clid sa i thng tin ID ngi gi. Cc gi tin CLID c th bao gm hai s gi: mt l "ngi s dng cung cp, cha c sng lc(user provided, unscreened)" v mt "mng cung cp". 9.1. Lnh CLID: clid network-number number: thit lp s do mng cung cp trong cc gi tin phn t thng tin. clid second-number strip: loi b s do ngi dng cung cp, hoc s th hai, t gi tin IE ny. Bn cng c th gi li s do mng cp tn ti khng thay i g trong khi g b s ngi s dng cung cp t cc yu t thng tin. clid restrict: thit lp presentation bit ngn chn vic hin th cc thng tin CLID. Lnh ny khng loi b s ang gi t cc phn t thng tin ca gi tin.

clid strip: loi b hon ton s ang gi t cc phn t thng tin ca gi tin. loi b c s ang gi v tn ngi ang gi, bn phi nhp vo lnh clid strip 2 ln: 1 ln vi ty chn tn v mt khi khng c thng s g.

Bn c th s dng lnh station-id iu khin thng tin ID ngi gi c gi bi mt cng FXS hoc FXO. Cc thng tin xc nh vi lnh ny hin th ID ngi gi ca thit b kt ni vo cng FXS. Lnh ny thng c s dng trn cc cng FXS kt ni vi my fax thc hin cc cuc gi ni mng. 9.2. Lnh Station ID y l mt s lnh station-id: station-id name string: xc nh tn c gi trong thng tin CLID station-id number number: xc nh s c gi vo cc thng tin CLID. 9.3. Hin th thng tin ID ngi gi

S dng lnh show dialplan number number xc nh nhng thng tin CLID s c gi trong gi tin IE.

V d ny hin th kt qu ca vic thm mt lnh clid network-number vo dial-peer.

V d ny cho thy kt qu ca vic s dng cc lnh clid strip. 10. Cu hnh v quy tc ca b chuyn i thoi Chuyn i s xy ra vi ln trong qu trnh nh tuyn cuc gi. Trong c gateway ngun v ch, cuc gi n s c chuyn i trc khi kt hp vi dial-peer inbound, trc khi kt hp vi outbound dial-peer, v trc khi yu cu cuc gi c thit lp. Qa trnh chuyn i s c cu hnh qua 2 bc. u tin, cc quy tc chuyn i c nh ngha ti mc ton cu. Sau , nguyn tc c p dng mc dial-peer inbound v outbound cho c cuc gi n v cuc gi i. Quy tc chuyn i cng chuyn i mt s in thoi thnh mt s khc trc khi cuc gi c kt hp vi mt dial-peer inbound, hoc trc khi dial peer outbound chuyn tip cuc gi. V d, 1 nhn vin c th quay s phn m rng 5 s gi 1 nhn vin site khc trong cng 1 cng ty. Nu cuc gi c nh tuyn thng qua PSTN n site khc, gateway ngun c th s dng quy tc chuyn i chuyn i phn m rng 5 s thnh cc nh dng 10 ch s c cng nhn bi switch vn phng trung tm (CO). Quy tc chuyn i c th thao tc s gi in ANI bn gi hoc mt s DNIS bn c gi cho cc cuc gi n, gi i, v chuyn hng cuc gi trong cc voice gateway. Bn cng c th s dng quy tc chuyn i thay i kiu nh s cho mt cuc gi. V d, mt s gateway c th tag mt s in thoi vi hn 11 con s nh mt s quc t, ngay c khi ngi s dng phi quay s 9 gi ra bn ngoi. Trong trng hp ny, s

c tag nh mt s quc t cn phi c chuyn i thnh s quc gia trc khi n c gi n mng PSTN _m khng cn 9. Quy tc chuyn i voice c th nh ngha ln n 15 quy tc bao gm cc biu thc tng t nh trnh Stream Edietor (SED) x l chuyn i cuc gi. Ti a 128 quy tc chuyn i c h tr. Cc quy tc chuyn i voice kt hp vi profile chuyn i voice c th tham kho ba quy tc chuyn i voice sau: Mt quy tc chuyn i voice c s dng thao tc s gi n c gi l DNIS Mt quy tc chuyn i voice c s dng thao tc s gi i c gi l ANI Mt quy tc chuyn i voice c s dng thao tc chuyn hng s c gi_ l Redirected Dialed Number Identification Service (RDNIS) Kt qu cu hnh chuyn i voice c th c kt hp vi nhng th sau: VoIP dial peers Cng thoi Bt k cuc gi VoIP inbound Mt phm vi c th ca di a ch IP ngun trong cc cuc gi VoIP Mt nhm Trunk Mt b iu khin T1/E1 c s dng cho Non-Facility Associated Signaling (NFAS) trunks. Survivable Remote Site Telephony (SRST)

Mc ny minh ha cc khi nim v profile v quy tc chuyn i voice. Mi quy tc chuyn i voice c th c n 15 quy tc con ring l. Cc quy tc chuyn i voice sau c tham chiu bi mt profile chuyn i ging ni cho cui gi n, cuc gi i, v chuyn hng cuc gi. Lu rng quy tc chuyn i voice ging nhau c th c tham chiu bi nhiu profile chuyn i ging ni.

11. Nhng hiu bit v biu thc thng gp trong quy lut chuyn i

Hy xem xt v d sau y: Quy lut ny s c s dng thay i DNIS ca cuc gi i thnh 10 s nh tuyn thng qua mng PSTN. Nguyn tc s c p dng trn mt giao din, cng, hoc dial-peer cu cuc gi i. Router(config)# voice translation-rule PSTN-out Router(config)# rule 1 /1.../ /4085551.../ Quy lut ny s c s dng thay i ANI cuc gi n thnh 4 s sau khi nh tuyn thng qua mng PSTN. Nguyn tc s c p dng n trn mt giao din, cng, hoc dial-peer ca cuc gi n. Router(config)# voice translation-rule PSTN-in Router(config)# rule 1 /4085551... / /1.../ Bng ny cho thy hot ng kt hp v thay th cho tng quy tc:

iu g s xy ra nu bn thm 9vo trc tt c cc cuc gi i? N s khng kh thi khi s dng quy tc chuyn i cho mi s v s lng cc quy tc cn thit. V d: rule 1 /4085550100/ /95125550100/ rule 2 /4085550101/ /95125550101/ rule 3 /4085550102/ /95125550102/ etc. V d, bn c th s dng cc quy tc chuyn i sau y thm 9 vo trc cuc gi i nh tuyn thng qua mng PSTN: rule 1 /\(^[2-9].........\)/ /9\1/ Quy tc ny s thm vo trc 9 n bt c iu g xut hin trong phn u tin ca du ngoc n (\ 1), ni cch khc, thay th \1 bng ^[2-9]...)v thm 9 vo u. 12. Cu hnh b chuyn i thoi(voice translation profiles)

Cu hnh b chuyn i voice gii thiu mt k hoch mi chuyn i s. Cc quy tc dch thut c c dn dn loi b khi h thng. Cisco khuyn co bn ch s dng mt k hoch quy tc chuyn i. Nu bn kt hp cc k hoch quy tc chuyn i c v mi, bn c th c kt qu khng lng trc c. Bn c th nh ngha cc loi cuc gi sau trong cu hnh chuyn i voice: gi i gi n chuyn hng cuc gi Mi loi s trong cu hnh c th c cc quy tc chuyn i khc nhau. Mt khi cu hnh chuyn i voice c nh ngha, n c th c tham chiu bng cch sau y: Trunk Group: 2 cu hnh b chuyn i khc nhau c th c nh ngha trong mt trunk group chuyn i s cho cuc gi n v i POTS. Nu mt cu hnh chuyn i cho cuc goi i c nh ngha trong trunk group, chuyn i s c thc hin trong khi cc cuc gi i c thit lp. Nhm IP ngun (Source IP Group): Mt cu hnh chuyn i c th c nh ngha trong mt nhm IP ngun thc hin chuyn i s cho cc cuc gi VoIP n. Dial Peer: 2 cu hnh chuyn i khc nhau c th c nh ngha trong mt mng quay s ngang hng(dial peer) thc hin chuyn i s cho cc cuc gi n v i.

Cng thoi: Cu hnh chuyn i c th c nh ngha trong mt cng thoi thc hin chuyn i s cho cuc gi n v i POTS. Nu mt cng thoi cng l thnh vin ca trunk group, cu hnh chuyn i cuc gi n ca cng thoi ghi ln cu hnh chuyn i ca trunk group. Non-Facility Associated Signaling (NFAS) Interface: cu hnh chuyn i c th c nh ngha cho giao din NFAS thng qua dng lnh translation-profile t cu hnh dch v thoi ton cu thc hin chuyn i s cho cuc gi NFAS n v i. Cu hnh chuyn i c mt u tin cao hn so vi cu hnh chuyn i ca mt cng thoi v trunk group trong trng hp mt knh cng thuc cng thoi hoc trunk group cng c nh ngha cu hnh chuyn i. Cuc gi VoIP n (Incomming VoIP): Cu hnh chuyn i c th c nh ngha trn ton cu cho tt c cc cuc gi VoIP n (H.323/SIP) thc hin chuyn i s. Nu mt cuc gi H.323/SIP n c lin kt vi mt nhm IP ngun vi mt cu hnh chuyn i c nh ngha, sau cu hnh chuyn i ca nhm IP ngun s ghi cu hnh chuyn i ton cu cho cc cuc gi VoIP n. 13. Qu trnh x l cu hnh chuyn i

Theo trnh t cu hnh chuyn i no c x l ph thuc vo cu hnh c p dng. Bng trn cho thy th t m cu hnh chuyn i voice s c x l. 14. V d tm kim v thay th cu hnh chuyn i voice

Mt cu hnh chuyn i voice yu cu thc hin cc thao tc sau: DNIS n 4085552XXX nn c chnh sa thnh 2xxx. ANI n nn c gn tin t bng m truy cp v nh danh PSTN thch hp: Cuc gi ni b: tin t 9 Cuc gi trong nc: tin t 91 Cuc gi quc t: tin t 9011 Di y l mt v d v cc bc bn tin hnh cu hnh chn cuc gi: Bc 1 To mt quy tc chuyn i thao tc cc s c gi (DNIS). router(config)# voice translation-rule 1 router(config-translation -rule)# rule 1 /^4085552/ /2/ Bc 1 To mt quy tc chuyn i thao tc cc s ang gi (ANI). router(config)# voice translation-rule 2 router(config-translation -rule)# rule 1 /^.*/ /9&/ type subscriber subscriber router(config-translation -rule)# rule 2 /^.*/ /91&/ type national national router(config-translation -rule)# rule 3 /^.*/ /9011&/ type international international Bc 3: p dng cc quy tc cho cu hnh chuyn i. router(config)# voice translation-profile pstn-in router(cfg-translation-profile)# translate called 1 router(cfg-translation-profile)# translate calling 2 Bc 4 a cu hnh chuyn i vo trong nh ngha dial-peer.

router(config)# dial-peer voice 111 POTS router(config-dial-peer)# translation-profile incoming pstn-in Th tc ny v d m t mt cuc gi PSTN inbound: Mt ngi dng PSTN quay s 14085552001 t 3125550123. Gateway chp nhn cuc gi v sa i DNIS v ANI. Quy tc / 4085552 / / 2/ chnh sa DNIS thnh 2001, v quy tc /^.*/ /91&/ type national national chnh sa ANI thnh 913125550123. in thoi chung 15. V d cu hnh chuyn i chn cuc gi(Voice Translation Profile Call Blocking Example)

Ch c ty chn chn cuc gi n.T phng din ca gateway, hng n c th l mt trong nhng hng sau: Cuc gi n t mt thit b in thoi gn trc tip vi mt cng thoi trn gateway. Cuc gi n l cuc gi VoIP inbound t mt gateway ngang hng. Di y l mt v d cc bc cu hnh chn cuc gi: Bc 1: nh ngha 1 quy tc chuyn i vi 1 t kha t chi. voice translation-rule 1 rule 1 reject /408555*/

Bc 2: p dng cc quy tc vo cu hnh chuyn i cho cc s gi. voice translation profile block translate calling 1 Bc 3: a cu hnh chuyn i vo trong nh ngha dial-peer dial-peer voice 111 pots call-block translation-profile incoming block call-block disconnect-cause incoming invalid_number Trong v d chn cuc gi ny, gateway ngn chn thnh cng bt k cuc gi n no ph hp vi dial-peer inbound 111 v c s gi n bt u vi 408.555. Mt thnh phn ca lnh chn cuc gi l kh nng tr v nguyn nhn gy ra ngt kt ni. Nhng gi tr ny bao gm call-reject, invalid-number, unassigned-number, and user-busy. Khi dial peer 111 kt hp chui quay s bt u bng 408.555, n s t chi cuc gi v tr v mt nguyn nhn gy ra ngt kt ni ca "s khng hp l" cho ca cuc gi ngun. 16. Cu hnh chuyn i voice v m hnh k hoch quay s Bn c th s dng cu hnh chuyn i voice thay th Cisco Unified Survivable Remote Site Telephony (Cisco United SRST) v k hoch quay s mu Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express . Cc lnh nh x Ethernet phone-dns (s ephone-th mc) n s DID inbound. nh x ny c thc hin bng cch t ng to mi 1 dial peer c s DID in thoi nh m hnh ch. Dial-peer ny cng c s dng cho cc cuc gi outbound to ra cc ANI chnh xc v c th c s dng ng k s DID y ca ephone vi mt gatekeeper. Mc d k thut ny lm vic vi ephone-dns, cc thit b khc nh cng FXS v voice-mail khng c bo m. ng thi, lnh dialplan-pattern cng lm tng s dial peer x l s c phc tp hn. gii quyt vn ny, cu hnh chuyn i voice c th c s dng thay th hon ton cc lnh dialplan-pattern, nhng cn thit xem xt mi quan h khc, chng hn nh vn ng k gatekeeper. 17. Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express vi V d k hoch quay s mu

Mc ny cho thy hy cn thn khi s dng lnh dialplan-pattern ng thi cho thy cc cu hnh c s dng. Lnh dialplan-pattern t ng to ra mt dial-peer cho mi dn-ephone. Cc thit b khc, chng hn nh in thoi tng t c kt ni vi cng FXS, khng c bo m. V vy, dial-peer ca in thoi tng t vn cn c mt mu 2001. Lu lng cuc gi trong v d sau s minh ha cc vn : Ngi dng PSTN quay s 14085552001. Cuc gi c nh tuyn ti Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express, trong c phm vi ca DID l 4085552XXX. Khng c s kt hp no c tm thy cho DNIS 4085552001 bi v dial-peer c mu l 2001. in thoi tng t s khng chung. 18. Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express vi v d v cu hnh chuyn i voice

Mt ln na, cc tnh hung gi nh c lp li, nhng cu hnh chuyn i voice ln ny c s dng. Mc trn s cho thy cc cu hnh c s dng. Di y l cc bc trong lu lng cuc gi thnh cng: Mt ngi dng PSTN quay s 14085552001. Cuc gi c nh tuyn ti Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express, trong phm vi ca DID l 4085552XXX. Cu hnh chuyn i voice chnh sa DNIS thnh 2001 ph hp vi dial peer ca in thoi 1-1. in thoi tng t chung. 19. Phn tch quy tc chuyn i voice

kim tra cc chc nng ca mt quy tc chuyn i, s dng lnh test voice translation-rule. router# test voice translation-rule number input-test-string [type match-type [plan match-type] ]

Lnh show voice translation-rule v show voice translation-profile cng rt hu ch. V d trn cho thy lm th no xc minh quy tc chuyn i v cu hnh chuyn i. 20. Cu hnh thao tc s

V d thao tc s c bn Trong v d ny, bn s cu hnh thao tc s c bn p ng cc yu cu sau: Site ny c th gi cho 1 site xa ch s dng phn m rng cho site xa . PSTN c s dng d phng trong trng hp lin kt WAN b down hoc b tc nghn. Ngi dng c th lin h vi dch v khn cp 911. Th tc sau y thc hin thao tc s: Cu hnh gateway San Jose m rng quay s cuc gi khi gi m vng 713. router(config)# num-exp 4... 17135554... router(config)# dial-peer voice 4000 pots router(config-dial-peer)# destination-pattern 17135554... router(config-dial-peer)# forward-digits all router(config-dial-peer)# port 0/1:23 Trong cu hnh mu s dng lnh num-exp, s m rng l 4 ... c m rng thnh 7135554 ... trc khi dial-peer outbound c kt hp, v d, ngi s dng quay s 4001, nhng dial-peer outbound 4000 c cu hnh ph hp vi 7135554001.

Cu hnh gateway San Jose gi tt c cc ch s i khi ngi s dng quay s 911. router(config)# dial-peer voice 911 pots router(config-dial-peer)# destination-pattern 911 router(config-dial-peer)# no digit-strip router(config-dial-peer)# port 0/1:23 Trong cu hnh mu, tt c ba ch s c yu cu x l cuc gi thng qua mng PSTN. S dng lnh no digit-strip gi 3 s ph hp ti mng PSTN. Cu hnh cc nh tuyn ti m vng 281 thng qua mng WAN. router(config)# dial-peer voice 3000 voip router(config-dial-peer)# destination pattern 3... router(config-dial-peer)# session target ipv4:10.10.0.1 Cu hnh PSTN d phng ti m vng 281. router(config)# dial-peer voice 3001 pots router(config-dial-peer)# destination pattern 3... router(config-dial-peer)# prefix 12815553 router(config-dial-peer)# preference 1 router(config-dial-peer)# port 0/1:23 Trong cu hnh mu, tt c 10 s c yu cu x l cuc gi qua mng PSTN. S dng lnh prefix gi tin t 2815553 trc khi chuyn tip 3 s k t i din kt hp(wildcard-matched). Cu hnh chuyn tip s ti gateway Houston. router(config)# dial-peer voice 3000 pots router(config-dial-peer)# destination pattern 3... router(config-dial-peer)# forward-digits 4 router(config-dial-peer)# port 0/0:23 Trong cu hnh mu s dng lnh forward-digits cho php cc tng i PBX nhn c s thch hp nh tuyn cuc gi n phn m rng thch hp. Ch : Trong v d ny, phm vi DID l 4 s cho gateway Houston t PSTN. 21. V d v quy tc v cu hnh chuyn i

Trong v d ny, bn s cu hnh thao tc ch s bng cch s dng quy tc v cu hnh chuyn i voice p ng yu cu sau: Mt in thoi analog kt ni n cng FXS phi c kh nng nhn cuc gi t PSTN. Thc hin theo th tc ny cu hnh thao tc s: Bc 1: Cu hnh quy tc chuyn i tm kim v thay th. router(config)# voice translation-rule 1 router(config-translation-rule)# rule 1 /^4085552/ /2/ C hai loi quy tc: Quy tc kt hp v thay th rule precedence /match-pattern/ /replace-pattern/ [type {match-type replacetype} [plan {match-type replace-type}]] Quy tc t chi rule precedence reject /match-pattern/ [type match-type [plan match-type]] Bc 2 To ra 1 cu hnh chuyn i voice v kt ni n vi quy tc chuyn i c to ra trong bc 1. router(config)# voice translation-profile pstn-in router(cfg-translation-profile)# translate called 1 Bc 3 Kt ni cu hnh chuyn i vi 1 cng thoi. router(config)# voice-port 0/1:23 router(config-voiceport)# translation-profile incoming pstn-in

Bc 4 cu hnh dial peer ph hp vi phn m rng thch hp ca in thoi tng t. router(config)# dial-peer voice 2001 pots router(config-dial-peer)# destination-pattern 2001 router(config-dial-peer)# port 1/0/0 Trong cu hnh mu s dng lnh translation-rule, quy tc c nh ngha dch 4085552 thnh 2. Cu hnh chuyn i pstn-in thng bo cho router chuyn i s c gi n. N c p dng nh l 1 b chuyn i inbound ti cng thoi kt ni PSTN. Cu hnh mu thay th s DNIS inbound v m bo nh tuyn inbound v outbound cho bt k dial peer no. Summary Thao tc s l thm hoc bt i cc s t s gi ban u thch ng vi thi quen quay s ngi s dng hoc nhu cu ca gateway. Tch s ra khi bt k s outbound no ph hp vi m hnh ch ca mt dial-peer c th. Chuyn tip s xc nh nh c th s lng ch s phi c chuyn tip n giao din h thng in thoi. Gn tin t l thm s vo pha trc ca chui quay s trc khi n c chuyn tip n giao din h thng in thoi. M rng s c p dng cho tt c cc cuc gi trn ton cu, khng ch gi ph hp vi mt dial-peer c ch nh ring. Mc nh, khi router ch kt hp vi mt chui quay s dial-peer outbound POTS , router tch nhn s bn tri ph hp vi m hnh hnh ch. Bn c th s dng lnh clid sa i thng tin ID ngi gi. Chuyn i s l mt qu trnh cu hnh 2 bc. Bn c th s dng cu hnh chuyn i voice thay th m hnh quay s mu ca Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express. Cu hnh thao tc s c th yu cu s dng lnh c bn nh quy tc v cu hnh chuyn i. PHN VI. Cu hnh la chn ng 1. nh tuyn cuc gi v la chn ng nh tuyn cuc gi logic trn router Cisco IOS bng cch s dng giao thc H.323 da trn cu trc dial-peer. Dial peer tng t nh cc ng nh tuyn tnh. Chng nh ngha ngun v ch cuc gi u v ng dn cc cuc gi qua mng. Dial peer c s dng xc nh ngun v ch cuc gi ca cc thit b u cui v xc nh cc c tnh p dng cho mi chng cuc gi(call leg) trong kt ni cuc gi. Cc thuc tnh trong dial peer xc nh s no m router s thu thp v chuyn tip ti cc thit b in thoi. Call leg c th c hai loi chnh: in thoi call leg ghp knh truyn thng phn chia thi gian (TDM) kt ni router vi mng in thoi PSTN, in thoi tng t, hoc PBX.

Call leg IP kt ni router vi cc router khc, cc gatekeeper, hoc h thng Qun l Truyn thng Hp nht ca Cisco(CUCM) Dial peer cng c hai loi chnh, theo loi call leg m chng c lin quan: Plain old telephone service (POTS) dial peers lin kt vi call leg in thoi TDM truyn thng VoIP dial peers lin kt vi call leg IP 2. Kt hp Dial peer

Router phi kt hp chnh xc cc dial peer inbound v outbound thc hin mt cuc gi thnh cng. i vi tt c cc cuc gi thng qua router, router Cisco IOS s lin kt cc dial peer vi mi call leg. Hnh trn cho thy cc v d loi cuc gi khc nhau thng qua router Cisco IOS. Cuc gi 1 l t mt gateway H.323 thng qua mng IP ti 1 PBX truyn thng kt ni vi cc router (v d, thng qua mt giao din PRI). Vi cuc gi ny, VoIP dial peer v dial peer POTS c la chn. Cuc gi 2 l t mt in thoi analog kt ni vi mt cng FXS trn router CUCM cluster thng qua mng IP. i vi cuc gi ny, mt dial peer POTS n v dial peer VoIP i c la chn bi router. Cuc gi 3 l t mt in thoi IP Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express hoc Cisco Unified Survivable Remote Site Telephony (SRST) ti giao din PSTN trn router (v d, mt giao din PRI). i vi cuc gi ny,

t ng to ra dial peer POTS tng qut (tng ng vi in thoi Ethernet [ephone c cu hnh trn router) v mt dial-peer POTS i c la chn.

You might also like