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Cu 171. Cho cn bng ha hc: 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) 2SO3 (k); phn ng thun l phn ng ta nhit. Pht biu ng l:
A. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi tng nhit . B. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim nng O2. C. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi gim p sut h phn ng. D. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim nng SO3. Cu 172. Cho cn bng (trong bnh kn) sau: CO (k) + H2O (k)
H < 0.
Trong cc yu t: (1) tng nhit ; (2) thm mt lng hi nc; (3) thm mt lng H2; (4) tng p sut chung ca h; (5) dng cht xc tc. Dy gm cc yu t u lm thay i cn bng ca h l: A. (1), (4), (5). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (2), (4). D. (2), (3), (4).
Cu 173. Cho cn bng ho hc: N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k); phn ng thun l phn ng to nhit. Cn bng ho hc khng b
chuyn dch khi. A. thay i p sut ca h. B. thay i nhit . Cu 174. Cho cc cn bng ho hc: C. thm cht xc tc Fe. D. thay i nng N2.
2NH3 (k)(1)
2NH3 (k).
Khi thay i p sut, nhm gm cc cn bng ho hc u khng b chuyn dch l A. (1) v (3). B. (1) v (2). C. (2) v (4). Cu 176. Cho cn bng sau trong bnh kn: 2NO2
N2O4.
(mu nu ) (khng mu). Bit khi h nhit ca bnh th mu nu nht dn. Phn ng thun c: A. H < 0, phn ng thu nhit. B. H < 0, phn ng to nhit. C. H > 0, phn ng to nhit. D. H > 0, phn ng thu nhit. Cu 177. Hng s cn bng ca phn ng xc nh ch ph thuc vo. A. nhit . B. nng . C. p sut. D. cht xc tc. Bi tp Cu 10. Cho cht xc tc MnO2 vo 100 ml dung dch H2O2, sau 60 giy thu c 33,6 ml kh O2 ( ktc). Tc trung bnh ca phn ng (tnh theo H2O2) trong 60 giy trn l A. 5,0.104 mol/(l.s). B. 2,5.104 mol/(l.s). C. 5,0.105 mol/(l.s). D. 5,0.103 mol/(l.s).
Cu 11. Cho phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng tng hp amoniac. N 2 (k) + 3H 2 (k) 2NH3 (k) .
xt
to
Khi tng nng ca hiro ln 2 ln, tc phn ng thun: A. tng ln 8 ln. B. tng ln 2 ln. C. gim i 2 ln. D. tng ln 6 ln. Cu 12. Mt bnh phn ng c dung tch khng i, cha hn hp kh N2 v H2 vi nng tng ng l 0,3M v 0,7M. Sau khi phn ng tng hp NH3 t trng thi cn bng t 0 C, H2 chim 50% th tch hn hp thu c. Hng s cn bng KC t oC ca phn ng c gi tr l A. 3,125. B. 0,500. C. 0,609. D. 2,500. Cu 13. Cho cc cn bng sau:
Nguyn Xun Lp ( Su Tm) (1) H 2 (k) + I2 (k) 2HI (k) 1 H 2 (k) + 1 I 2 (k) (3) HI (k) 2 2 (5) H 2 (k) + I2 (r) 2HI (k) 1 1 (2) H2 (k) + I2 (k) HI (k) 2 2 (4) 2HI (k) H2 (k) + I2 ( k)
.
nhit xc nh, nu KC ca cn bng (1) bng 64 th KC bng 0,125 l ca cn bng. A. (5). B. (4). C. (3). D. (2). Cu 1: Tc ca mt phn ng c dng:
khng i) th tc phn ng tng 8 ln. Gi tr ca x l A. 3. B. 4. C. 6. D. 8. Cu 3: Khi tng thm 10OC, tc mt phn ng ho hc tng ln 2 ln. Vy khi tng nhit ca phn ng t 25 OC ln 75OC th tc phn ng tng A. 5 ln. B. 10 ln. C. 16 ln. D. 32 ln. Cu 4: Khi tng thm 10OC, tc mt phn ng ho hc tng ln 3 ln. tc phn ng (ang tin hnh 30 OC) tng 81 ln th cn phi tng nhit ln n A. 50OC. B. 60OC. C. 70OC. D. 80OC. Cu 6: Ngi ta cho N2 v H2 vo trong bnh kn dung tch khng i v thc hin phn ng: N2 + 3H2 2NH3. Sau mt thi gian, nng cc cht trong bnh nh sau: [N2] = 2M; [H2] = 3M; [NH3] = 2M. Nng mol/l ca N2 v H2 ban u ln lt l A. 3 v 6. B. 2 v 3. C. 4 v 8. D. 2 v 4. Cu 7: Xt phn ng sau nhit khng i: 2NO + O2 2NO2. Khi th tch bnh phn ng gim i mt na th tc phn ng A. tng 4 ln. B. gim 4 ln. C. tng 8 ln. D. gim 8 ln. Cu 8: Cho 6 gam, km ht vo cc ng dung dch H2SO4 2M nhit thng. Bin i no sau y KHNG lm thay i tc phn ng? A. thay 6 gam km ht bng 6 gam km bt. B. tng nhit ln n 50OC. C. thay dung dch H2SO4 2M bng dung dch H2SO4 1M. D. tng th tch dung dch H2SO4 2M ln 2 ln. Cu 9: Cho phn ng: 2KClO3 (r) 2KCl(r) + 3O2 (k). Yu t KHNG nh hng n tc ca phn ng trn l A. kch thc ht KClO3. B. p sut. C. cht xc tc. D. nhit . Cu 10: Khi phn ng thun nghch trng thi cn bng th n A. khng xy ra na. B. vn tip tc xy ra. C. ch xy ra theo chiu thun. D. ch xy ra theo chiu nghch. Cu 11: Gi tr hng s cn bng KC ca phn ng thay i khi A. thay i nng cc cht. B. thay i nhit . C. thay i p sut. D. thm cht xc tc. Cu 12: Cc yu t nh hng n cn bng ho hc l A. nng , nhit v cht xc tc. B. nng , p sut v din tch b mt. C. nng , nhit v p sut. D. p sut, nhit v cht xc tc. Cu 13: Cho phn ng: Fe2O3 (r) + 3CO (k) 2Fe (r) + 3CO2 (k). Khi tng p sut ca phn ng ny th A. cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun. B. cn bng khng b chuyn dch. C. cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch. D. phn ng dng li. Cu 14: Cho phn ng: N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k) H < 0. Khi gim nhit ca phn ng t 450OC xung n 25 OC th A. cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun. B. cn bng khng b chuyn dch. C. cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch. D. phn ng dng li. 2SO3 H < 0. Khi gim nhit v khi gim p sut th cn bng ca phn ng trn chuyn dch Cu 15: Phn ng: 2SO2 + O2 tng ng l A. thun v thun. B. thun v nghch. C. nghch v nghch. D.nghch v thun. Cu 16: Trn 1 mol H2 vi 1 mol I2 trong bnh kn dung tch 1 lt. Bit rng 410O, hng s tc ca phn ng thun l 0,0659 v hng s tc ca phn ng nghch l 0,0017. Khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng 410OC th nng ca HI l A. 2,95. B. 1,52. C. 1,47. D. 0,76.
Cu 17: Cho phn ng sau mt nhit nht nh: N2 + 3H3 2NH3. Nng (mol/l) lc ban u ca N2 v H2 ln lt l 0,21 v 2,6. Bit KC ca phn ng l 2. Nng cn bng (mol/l) ca N2, H2, NH3 tng ng l A. 0,08; 1 v 0,4. B. 0,01; 2 v 0,4. C. 0,02; 1 v 0,2. D. 0,001; 2 v 0,04. Cu 18: Cho phn ng: CO (k) + H2O (k) CO2 (k) + H2 (k) Bit KC ca phn ng l 1 v nng ban u ca CO v H2O tng ng l 0,1 mol/l v 0,4 mol/l. Nng cn bng (mol/l) ca CO v H2O tng ng l A. 0,08 v 0,08. B. 0,02 v 0,08. C. 0,02 v 0,32. D. 0,05 v 0,35. Cu 19: Mt bnh kn dung tch khng i V lt cha NH3 0OC v 1atm vi nng 1mol/l. Nung bnh n 546OC v NH3 b phn hu theo phn ng: 2NH3 N2 + 3H2. Khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng, p sut kh trong bnh l 3,3atm. nhit ny nng cn bng ca NH3 (mol/l) v gi tr ca KC l A. 0,1; 2,01.10-3. B. 0,9; 2,08.10-4. C. 0,15; 3,02.10-4. D. 0,05; 3,27.10-3. Cu 20: Cho phng trnh phn ng: 2A(k) + B (k) 2X (k) + 2Y(k). Ngi ta trn 4 cht, mi cht 1 mol vo bnh kn dung tch 2 lt (khng i). Khi cn bng, lng cht X l 1,6 mol. Hng s cn bng ca phn ng ny l A. 58,51 B. 33,44. C. 29,26 D. 40,96. Cu 21: Cho phn ng: CO + Cl2 COCl2 thc hin trong bnh kn dung tch 1 lt nhit khng i. Khi cn bng [CO] = 0,02; [Cl2] = 0,01; [COCl2] = 0,02. Bm thm vo bnh 1,42gam Cl2. Nng mol/l ca CO; Cl2 v COCl2 trng thi cn bng mi ln lt l A. 0,013; 0,023 v 0,027. B. 0,014; 0,024 v 0,026. C. 0,015; 0,025 v 0,025. D. 0,016; 0,026 v 0,024. Cu 22 (A-07): Khi tin hnh este ha gia 1 mol CH3COOH vi 1 mol C2H5OH th thu c 2/3 mol este. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit) khi tin hnh este ha 1 mol axit axetic cn s mol ru etylic l (cc phn ng este ho thc hin cng nhit ) A. 0,342. B. 2,925. C. 0,456. D. 2,412. Cu 23: Cho cn bng: N2O4 2NO2. Cho 18,4 gam N2O4 vo bnh chn khng dung tch 5,9 lt 27OC, khi t n trng thi cn bng, p sut l 1 atm. Hng s cn bng KC nhit ny l A. 0,040. B. 0,007. C. 0,500. D. 0,008. + Cu 24: Khi ho tan SO2 vo nc c cn bng sau: SO2 + H2O HSO3 + H . Khi cho thm NaOH v khi cho thm H2SO4 long vo dung dch trn th cn bng s chuyn dch tng ng l A. thun v thun. B. thun v nghch. C. nghch v thun. D. nghch v nghch.
t 14HCl + K2Cr2O7 2KCl + 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O. 6HCl + 2Al 2AlCl3 + 3H2. 16HCl + 2KMnO4 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O. S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh oxi ha l A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4. Cu 213. Cho cc phn ng sau: (a) 4HCl + PbO2 PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O. (b) HCl + NH4HCO3 NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O. (c) 2HCl + 2HNO3 2NO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O. (d) 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2. S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 1.
t (2) F2 + H2O
0
Cc phn ng to ra n cht l : A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (2), (4) Cu 215. Phn ng nhit phn khng ng l :
t A. 2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2. t C. NH4NO2 N2 + 2H2O. Cu 216. Trng hp khng xy ra phn ng ha hc l
o 0 0
t A. 3O2 + 2H2S 2SO2 + 2H2O .B. FeCl2 + H2S FeS + 2HCl. C. O3 + 2KI + H2O O2 + 2KOH + I2. D. Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O. Cu 217. Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l: A. AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3, CuS. B. FeS, BaSO4, KOH. C. KNO3, CaCO3, Fe(OH)3. D. Mg(HCO3)2, HCOONa, CuO. Cu 218. Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl2, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, MnO2 ln lt phn ng vi lng d dung dch HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl2 nhiu nht l A. CaOCl2. B. K2Cr2O7. C. MnO2. D. KMnO4. Cu 219. Khi nhit phn hon ton 100 gam mi cht sau: KClO3 (xc tc MnO2), KMnO4, KNO3 v AgNO3. Cht to ra lng O2 ln nht l A. KMnO4. B. KNO3. C. KClO3. D. AgNO3. Cu 220. Cht kh X tan trong nc to ra mt dung dch lm chuyn mu qu tm thnh v c th c dng lm cht ty mu. Kh X l A. CO2. B. O3. C. SO2. D. NH3. Cu 221. SO2 lun th hin tnh kh trong cc phn ng vi. A. O2, nc Br2, dung dch KMnO4. B. dung dch NaOH, O2, dung dch KMnO4. C. dung dch KOH, CaO, nc Br2. D. H2S, O2, nc Br2. Cu 222. Trn 5,6 gam bt st vi 2,4 gam bt lu hunh ri nung nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c hn hp rn M. Cho M tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, gii phng hn hp kh X v cn li mt phn khng tan G. t chy hon ton X v G cn va V lt kh O2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 2,80. B. 3,08. C. 3,36. D. 4,48. Cu 223. Cho 13,44 lt kh clo ( ktc) i qua 2,5 lt dung dch KOH 100oC. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 37,25 gam KCl. Dung dch KOH trn c nng l A. 0,24M. B. 0,48M. C. 0,2M. D. 0,4M. Cu 224. Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai nguyn t c trong t nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t ZX < ZY) vo dung dch AgNO3 (d), thu c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong hn hp ban u l A. 47,2%. B. 58,2%. C. 52,8%. D. 41,8%.
Axit Nitric v mui Nitrat trong mi trng axit Cu 225. Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3, vai tr ca NaNO3 trong phn ng l A. cht oxi ho. B. mi trng. C. cht kh. D. cht xc tc. Cu 226. Thc hin hai th nghim:
CHUYN 4: S IN LY
Cu 7: Phng trnh phn li ca axt axetic l: CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+ Ka. Bit [CH3COOH] = 0,5M v trng thi cn + -3 bng [H ] = 2,9.10 M. Gi tr ca Ka l A. 1,7.10-5. B. 8,4.10-5. C. 5,95.10-4. D. 3,4.10-5. Cu 10: Thm t t tng git H2SO4 vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d th dn in ca h s bin i nh sau: A. tng dn. B. gim dn. C. lc u gim, sau tng. D. lc u tng, sau gim. Cu 11: C 2 dung dch X v Y, mi dung dch ch cha 2 cation v 2 anion trong s cc ion vi s mol nh sau: K+ (0,15); Mg2+ (0,10); NH4+ (0,25); H+ (0,20); Cl- (0,10); SO42- (0,075); NO3- (0,25); CO32- (0,15). Cc ion trong X v Y l A. X cha (K+, NH4+, CO32-, SO42-); Y cha (Mg2+, H+, NO3-, Cl-). B. X cha (K+, NH4+, CO32-, NO3-); Y cha (Mg2+, H+, SO42-, Cl-). C. X cha (K+, NH4+, CO32-, Cl-); Y cha (Mg2+, H+, SO42-, NO3-). D. X cha (H+, NH4+, CO32-, Cl-); Y cha (Mg2+, K+, SO42-, NO3-). Cu 12: Mt dung dch cha a mol Na+, b mol Ca2+, c mol HCO3- v d mol NO3-. Biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d v cng thc tng s gam mui trong dung dch ln lt l A. a + 2b = c + d v 23a + 40b + 61c + 62d. B. a + b = c + d v 23a + 40b + 61c + 62d. C. a + b = c + d v 23a + 40b - 61c - 62d. D. a + 2b = c + d v 23a + 40b - 61c - 62d. Cu 17: Chia dung dch X gm CuSO4 v Al(NO3)3 thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2 d thu c 6,99 gam kt ta. Phn 2 cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, ri ly kt ta nung n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l A. 2,4. B. 3,2. C. 4,4. D. 12,6. Cu 20: Ion CO32 khng tc dng vi cc ion thuc dy no sau y? A. NH4+, K+, Na+. B. H+, NH4+, K+, Na+. 2+ 2+ + C. Ca , Mg , Na . D. Ba2+, Cu2+, NH4+, K+. Cu 21: Dy no cho di y gm cc ion cng tn ti trong mt dung dch A. Na+, NH4+, Al3+, SO42-, OH-, Cl-. B. Ca2+, K+, Cu2+, NO3-, OH-, Cl-. C. Ag+, Fe3+, H+, Br-, CO32-, NO3-. + 2+ + 2D. Na , Mg , NH4 , SO4 , Cl , NO3 . Cu 22: Hin tng to thnh nh trong cc hang ng l do phn ng A. CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2. B. Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O. C. CaO + CO2 CaCO3.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
A.0,69
D.1,61
DNG 5: BI TP V XC NH TN KIM LOI Cu 1: Cho 3,024 gam mt kim loi M tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 940,8 ml kh NxOy (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) c t khi i vi H2 bng 22. Kh NxOy v kim loi M l: A. NO v Mg B. NO2 v Al C. N2O v Al D. N2O v Fe Cu 2:Hn hp X gm hai mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi kim th hai chu k lin tip. Cho 7,65 gam X vo dung dch HCl d. Kt thc phn ng, c cn dung dch th thu c 8,75 gam mui khan. Hai kim loi l: A. Mg v Ca B. Ca v Sr C. Be v Mg D. Sr v Ba Cu 3. Cho 6,45 gam hn hp hai kim loi A v B ( u c ho tr II ) tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long d, sau khi phn ng xong thu c 1,12 lt kh ktc v 3,2 gam cht rn. Lng cht rn ny tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,5M. Hai kim loi A v B l :` A. Mg , Cu B. Cu , Zn C. Ca , Cu D. Cu , Ba Cu 4. Cho 2,23 gam hn hp hai kim loi A, B tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, gii phng 0,56 lt kh H2 (ktc). Phn cht rn cn li c khi lng 1,08 gam cho tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c nng thu c 0,224 lt kh duy nht (ktc) . Hai kim loi A v B l : A. Na, Cu B. Mg , Cu C. Na , Ag D. Ca , Ag Cu 5. Nung nng 1,6 gam kim loi X trong khng kh ti phn ng hon ton thu c 2 gam oxit.Cho 2,8 gam kim loi Y tc dng vi clo thu c 8,125 gam mui clorua. Hai kim loi X v Y l : A. Cu , Mg B. Cu , Zn C. Cu , Na D. Cu, Fe Cu 6. C 5,56 gam hn hp A gm Fe v mt kim loi M ( c ho tr n khng i ). Chia A lm hai phn bng nhau: Phn mt ho tan ht trong dung dch HCl c 1,568 lt(ktc) kh H2. Phn hai ho tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 1,344 lt (ktc) kh NO duy nht v khng to ra NH4NO3 trong dung dch . Kim loi M l : A. Mg B. Al C. Cu D. Zn Cu 7. Cho 25,9 gam hn hp X gm bt S v mt kim loi M ho tr 2 vo bnh kn khng c khng kh, t nng bnh cho n khi phn ng hon ton thu c cht rn A. Bit A tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl d thu c 6,72 lt kh B (ktc). T khi ca B so vi hiro l
35 . Kim loi M cn tm l : 3
A. Mg
B. Zn
C. Fe
D. Al
Cu 8. Chia 7,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe v kim loi M c ho tr khng i thnh hai phn bng nhau.Phn 1 ho tan ht trong dung dch HCl thu c 2,128 lt kh hiro(ktc) .Phn 2 ho tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 1,792 lt (ktc) kh NO duy nht .Kim loi M cn tm l : A. Mg .B. Al C. Zn D. Cu Cu 9. Ho tan hon ton 62,1 gam kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 16,8 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm hai kh khng mu, khng ho nu trong khng kh .T khi ca X xo vi H2 l 17,2. Kim loi M l : A. Cu . B. Mg .C. Al .D. Zn Cu 10.Hn hp X gm Mg v kim loi M. Ha tan hon ton 8 gam hn hp X cn va 200 gam dung dch HCl 7,3 %. Mt khc cho 8 gam hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi kh Cl2 cn dng 5,6 lt Cl2 ( ktc) to ra hai mui clorua. Kim loi M v phn trm v khi lng ca n trong hn hp X l: A. Al v 75 % B. Fe v 25 % C. Al v 30 % D. Fe v 70 % Cu 11.Ha tan hon ton 6 gam hn hp X gm Fe v mt kim loi M (ha tr II) vo dung dch HCl d, thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Nu ch ha tan 1,0 gam M th dng khng n 0,09 mol HCl trong dung dch. Kim loi M l: A. Mg B. Zn C. Ca D. Ni Cu 12. ha tan hon ton 6,834 gam mt oxit ca kim loi M cn dng ti thiu 201 ml dung dch HCl 2M. Kim loi M l: A. Mg B. Cu C. Al D. Fe Cu 13. Ngm mt l km nh trong mt dung dch c cha 1,12 g ion kim loi c in tch 2+. Phn ng xong, khi lng l km gim i 0,18 g. Ion kim loi trong dung dch l ion ca nguyn t: A.Cu. B.Fe. C.Ni. D.Pb DNG 6 OXITAXIT V AXIT NHIU NC TC DNG VI DUNG DCH KIM, CC HP CHT CA NHM Cu 1. Dung dch c cha a mol NaOH tc dng vi dd c cha b mol H3PO4 sinh ra mui axit. T l a/b l: A. 1 <
a <2 b
B.
a 3 b
C. 2 <
a <3 b
D. 1
a b
17
18
19
Cc phn ng u to kh N2 l: A. (1), (2), (5). B. (2), (4), (6). Cu 12. Cho cc phn ng sau:
t 4HCl + MnO2 MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O.
o o
t 14HCl + K2Cr2O7 2KCl + 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O. 6HCl + 2Al 2AlCl3 + 3H2. 16HCl + 2KMnO4 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O. S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh oxi ha l A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4. Cu 13. Cho cc phn ng sau: (a) 4HCl + PbO2 PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O. (b) HCl + NH4HCO3 NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O. (c) 2HCl + 2HNO3 2NO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O. (d) 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2. S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 1. Cu 14. Cho cc phn ng : t t (1) O3 + dung dch KI (2) F2 + H2O . t (3) MnO2 + HCl c Cc phn ng to ra n cht l : A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (2), (4) Cu 15. Phn ng nhit phn khng ng l :
0 0 0
20
t A. 3O2 + 2H2S 2SO2 + 2H2O .B. FeCl2 + H2S FeS + 2HCl C. O3 + 2KI + H2O O2 + 2KOH + I2. D. Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O. Cu 17. Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l: A. AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3, CuS.B. FeS, BaSO4, KOH. C. KNO3, CaCO3, Fe(OH)3. D. Mg(HCO3)2, HCOONa, CuO. Cu 18. Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl2, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, MnO2 ln lt phn ng vi lng d dung dch HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl2 nhiu nht l A. CaOCl2. B. K2Cr2O7 C. MnO2. D. KMnO4. Cu 19. Khi nhit phn hon ton 100 gam mi cht sau: KClO3 (xc tc MnO2), KMnO4, KNO3 v AgNO3. Cht to ra lng O2 ln nht l A. KMnO4. B. KNO3. C. KClO3 D. AgNO3. Cu 20. Cht kh X tan trong nc to ra mt dung dch lm chuyn mu qu tm thnh v c th c dng lm cht ty mu. Kh X l A. CO2. B. O3. C. SO2 D. NH3. Cu 21. SO2 lun th hin tnh kh trong cc phn ng vi. A. O2, nc Br2, dung dch KMnO4 B. dung dch NaOH, O2, dung dch KMnO4. C. dung dch KOH, CaO, nc Br2. D. H2S, O2, nc Br2. Cu 22. Trn 5,6 gam bt st vi 2,4 gam bt lu hunh ri nung nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c hn hp rn M. Cho M tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, gii phng hn hp kh X v cn li mt phn khng tan G. t chy hon ton X v G cn va V lt kh O2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 2,80/ B. 3,08. C. 3,36. D. 4,48. o Cu 23. Cho 13,44 lt kh clo ( ktc) i qua 2,5 lt dung dch KOH 100 C. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 37,25 gam KCl. Dung dch KOH trn c nng l A. 0,24M. B. 0,48M. C. 0,2M. D. 0,4M. Cu 24. Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai nguyn t c trong t nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t ZX < ZY) vo dung dch AgNO3 (d), thu c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong hn hp ban u l A. 47,2%. B. 58,2%. C. 52,8%. D. 41,8%.
=========================================== 9. CU TO NGUYN T BNG TUN HON LIN KT HA HC Cu1.Pht biu no sai trong s cc pht biu sau v qui lut bin thin tun hon trong mt chu k i t tri sang phi a. Ho tr cao nht i vi oxi tng dn t 1 n 7 b. Ho tr i vi hidro ca phi kim gim dn t 7 xung 1 c. Tnh kim loi gim dn, tnh pkim tng dn d. Oxit v hidroxit c tnh baz gim dn, tnh axit tng dn Cu 2.iu khng nh sau y khng ng : a. Trong chu k cc nguyn t xp theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn b. Trong chu k cc nguyn t xp theo chiu tng ca s hiu nguyn t c. Trong chu k cc nguyn t xp theo chiu tng khi lng nguyn t D .Trong chu k cc nguyn t xp theo chiu tng ca s electron Cu 3: Cho cc nguyn t A, B, C, D, E, F ln lt c cu hnh electron nh sau: A: 1s22s22p63s2 B: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 C: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 2 2 6 2 5 2 2 6 2 6 6 2 D: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p E: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s F: 1s22s22p63s23p1 Tp hp cc nguyn t no thuc cng mt phn nhm chnh: a) A, B, F b) B, E c) A, C d) C b v c ng e) Tt c sai 2+ 2 2 6 Cu 4 Nguyn t X , cation Y , amion Z u c cu hnh e l : 1s 2s 2p . X,Y,Z l : a. X phi kim ,Y kh him ,Z kim loi b. X kh him ,Y phi kim ,Z kim loi c. X kh him ,Y kim loi ,Z phi kim d. Tt c u sai. Cu 5: Cc pht biu sau, pht biu no ng: a/ Trong 1 nguyn t lun lun s proton bng s electron bng in tch ht nhn. b/ Tng s proton v s electron trong 1 ht nhn c gi l s khi. c/ S khi A l khi lng tuyt i ca nguyn t. d/ ng v l cc nguyn t c cng s proton nhng khc s ntron. Cu 6: Mnh no say y ng ? a/ Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm bao gi cng c s electron lp ngoi cng bng nhau. b/ S th t nhm A bng s electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t nguyn t trong nhm .
21
22
23
24
25
Nguyn Xun Lp ( Su Tm) 1.Cho mt lng hn hp CuO v Fe2O3 tan ht trong dung dch HCl thu c hai mui c t l mol l 1:1. Phn trm khi
lng CuO v Fe2O3 trong hn hp l: A. 50% v 50% B. 40% v 60% C. 30% v 70% D. Kt qu khc. 2. Khi c cn 400g dung dch mui c nng 20% th khi lng gim: A. 120g B. 320g C. 380g D. Kt qu khc 3.Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A, B c ho tr khng i, khng tan trong nc , ng trc Cu trong dy in ho. Khi ly m gam X cho vo dung dch CuSO4 d, ton b lng Cu thu c cho phn ng vi dung dch HNO 3 d nhn c 1,12 lt NO duy nht (ktc). Cng ly m gam X ho tan vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c V lt N2 duy nht (ktc). Xc nh V? A. 2,24 lt B. 3,36 lt C. 0,336 lt D. Kt qu khc. 6. Ho tan hoan ton 11,2 gam CaO vo nc thu c dung dch A. Xc V lt CO2 vo dung dch A thu c 2,5 gam kt ta. Tnh V(ktc). A. 0,56 lt B. 8,4 lt C. 8,96 lt D. A hoc B 7. Ho tan 0,9 gam kim loi X vo dung dich HNO3 thu c 0,28 lt kh N2O duy nht (ktc). Xc nh kim loi X. A. Mg B. Al C. Zn D.Cu 8. Ho tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat kim loi ho tr II v III bng dung dch HCl thu c dung dch A v 672 ml kh bay ra (ktc). Hi c cn dung dch A thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan? A. 10,33 g B. 20,66 g C. 30,99 g D. Kt qu khc 9. Ho tan hn hp X gm CuSO4 v AlCl3 vo nc thu c dung dch A. Chia A lm hai phn bng nhau: - Phn 1 cho phn ng vi dung dch BaCl2 d thu c 6,99 g kt ta. - Phn 2 cho phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta, lc kt ta, lung n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l: A. 2,4 g B. 3,2 g C. 4,4 g D. Kt qu khc. 10. Cho hn hp X gm 0,08 mol mi kim loi Mg, Al, Zn vo dung dch H 2SO4 c, nng, d thu c 0,07 mol mt sn phm kh duy nht cha lu hunh. Xc nh sn phm kh. A. SO2 B. S C. H2S D. Khng xc nh c 11. Cho s chuyn ho sau:
+ H2 xt,t tr ng h p X Y Z Cao su Buna H O Ni / to
2 o
B. CH2OH CH CH CHO D. C A, B, C u ng
H C CH = CH = C H O
||
||
12.
Cho 4,2 g hn hp gm Mg v Zn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl, thy thot ra 2,24 lt H2 (ktc). Khi lng mui khan to ra trong dung dch l:A. 7,1 g B. 7,75g C. 11,3 g D. Kt qu khc 13. Cho 2,98 g hn hp X gm hai kim loi Zn v Fe vo 200 ml dung dch HCl, sau khi phn ng hon ton ta c cn (trong iu kin khng c Oxi) th c 5,82 g cht rn. Tnh th tch H2 bay ra (ktc)? A. 0,224 lt B. 0,448 lt C. 0,896 lt D. Kt qu khc. 14. Ho tan 9,14 g hn hp Cu, Mg, Al bng dung dch HCl d thu c 7,84 lt kh A (ktc) v 2,54 g cht rn B v dung dch C. Tnh khi lng mui c trong dung dch C? A. 3,99 g B. 33,25 g C. 31,45 g D. Kt qu khc. 15. Dung dch NaOH c phn ng vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y? A. FeCl3, MgCl2, CuO, HNO3, NH3, Br2 B. H2SO4, CO2, SO2, FeCl2, FeCl3, NO2, Cl2 C. HNO3, HCl, CuSO4, KNO3, ZnO, Zn(OH)2 D. Al, Al2O3, MgO, H3PO4, MgSO4, MgCl2 16. Dung dch H2SO4 long phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y? A. FeCl3, MgO, Cu, Ca(OH)2, BaCl2 B. Ba(NO3)2, Na2CO3, (NH4)2SO4, NaOH C. Zn, Fe, (NH4)2CO3, CH3COONa, Ba(OH)2 D. Al, Fe, BaO, BaCl2, NaCl, KOH 17. C bn dung dch ng bn l mt nhn: NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4, NaOH. Nu ch c dng mt thuc th nhn bit bn cht lng trn, ta c th dng dung dch no sau y? A. AgNO3 B. BaCl2 C. Ba(OH)2 D. KOH 18. Cho 16,2 g kim loi M(ho tr n khng i) tc dng vi 0,15 mol O2. Ho tan cht rn sau phn ng bng dung dch HCl d thy bay ra 13,44 lt H2(ktc). Xc nh kim loi M? A. Ca B. Mg C. Fe D.Al 19. Mt lng cht thi dng dung dch c cha cc ion Cu 2+, Fe3+, Hg2+, Zn2+, Pb2+. Dng cht no sau y loi b cc ion trn?A. Gim n B. Nc mui n C. Nc vi d D. Axit Nitric 20. Ha tan hon ton 19,2 g Cu vo dung dch HNO3 long. Kh NO thu c em oxi ha thnh NO2 ri sc vo nc cng vi dng kh O2 chuyn ht thnh HNO3. Tnh th tch kh O2(ktc) tham gia vo qu trnh trn? A. 2,24 lit B. 3,36 lt C. 4,48 lt D. 6,72 lt 21. Mui CuSO4 khan dng lm kh kh no sau y? A. NH3 B. H2S C. SO2 D. C A, B, C
26
1 3
B.
2 3
C.
3 1
D.
3 2
E. Kt qu khc
26.
C hai ming kim loi A c cng khi lng, mi ming tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl v dung dch H 2SO4 c nng ,5.VH2 cng iu kin). Khi lng mui clorua bng 63,5% khi lng mui sunfat. Kim thu c kh H2 v SO2 ( VSO2 = 1 loi A l. A. Fe B. Mg C. Al D. Zn. 27. C hai ng nghim ng mi ng 2 ml dung dch HCl 1M v 2 ml dung dch H 2SO4 1M. Cho Zn tc dng vi hai axit trn, lng kh hiro thu c trong hai trng hp tng ng l V1 v V2 ml (ktc). So snh V1 v V2 ta c: A. V1 > V2 B. V1 = V2 C. V1 < V2 D. Khng so snh c 28. Cht no sau y va phn ng c vi dung dch HCl, va phn ng c vi dng dch NaOH? A. NH4NO3 B. (NH4)2CO3 C. Na2CO3 D. Na2SO4 29. Hn hp A gm Cu, Fe c t l khi lng m Cu : mFe = 7 : 3. Ly m gam A cho phn ng hon ton vi 44,1 g HNO 3 trong dung dch thu c 0,75.m gam cht rn, dung dch B v 5,6 lt kh C gm NO v NO2 (ktc). Tnh m? A. 40,5 g B. 50 g C. 50,2 g D. 50,4 g. 30. Cho 12,9 g hn hp gm Al v Mg phn ng ht vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp hai axit HNO 3 4M v H2SO4 7M (m c) thu c 0,1 mol mi kh SO2, NO, N2O. Tnh s mol tng kim loi trong hn hp ban u? A. 0,2 mol Al v 0,3 mol Mg. B. 0,2 mol Mg v 0,3 mol Al. C. 0,1 mol Al v 0,2 mol Mg. D. 0,2 mol Al v 0,1 mol Mg. 31. Thuc th no sau y c th phn bit c bn dung dch: AlCl3, FeCl3, CuCl2, ZnSO4 ? A. dd NaOH B. dd Ba(OH)2 C. dd Ba(NO3)2 D. Qu tm 32. Khng dng thm mt ho cht no khc, c th phn bit c bao nhiu dung dch trong 5 dung dch ring bit sau: NaOH, KCl, MgCl2, CuCl2, AlCl3? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 33. Hn hp A gm Al2O3, MgO, Fe3O4 , CuO. Cho kh CO d qua A nung nng c cht rn B. Ho tan B vo dung dch NaOH d c dd C v cht rn D. Cht rn D gm: A. MgO, Fe, Cu B. MgO, Fe, CuO C. MgO, Fe3O4 , Cu D. Al2O3, MgO, Fe3O4 34. Hn hp A gm BaO, FeO, Al2O3. Ho tan A trong lng d H2O c dd D v phn khng tan B. Sc kh CO2 d vo D to kt ta. Cho kh CO d qua B un nng c cht rn E. Cho E tc dng vi NaOH d thy tan 1 phn cn li l cht rn G. Cht rn G l: A. Ba B. Fe C. Al D. Kt qu khc 35. Cho dy bin ho sau: +X +Z t0 pnc Al D E Al. NaOH C +Y+ Z Cc cht B, C, D, E ln lt l: A. AlCl3, NaAlO2, Al2O3, Al(OH)3 B. Al(OH)3, AlCl3, NaAlO2, Al2O3 C NaAlO2,. AlCl3, Al(OH)3, Al2O3 D. AlCl3, NaAlO2, Al(OH)3, Al2O3 36. Nung 6,58g Cu(NO3)2 trong bnh kn sau 1 thi gian thu c 4,96g cht rn v hn hp kh X . Hp th hon ton hn hp X vo nc c 300ml dung dch Y. Tnh pH ca dung dch Y. A. pH= 1 B. pH= 2 C. pH= 12 D. pH=13 37. Khi nung hn hp FeS2 v FeCO3 trong khng kh thu c 1 oxit v kh B1, B2 . T l khi lng phn t ca B1 v B2 l 11:16 . 2 kh B1 v B2 ln lt l: A. SO2 v CO2 B. CO2 v SO2 C. CO v SO2 D. Kt qu khc. 38. Nhit phn 1 lng CaCO3 sau 1 thi gian c cht rn A v kh B , cho B hp th hon ton vo dd KOH thu c dd D . D tc dng c vi dung dch BaCl2 v vi dd NaOH. dung dch D cha: A. KHCO3 B. K2CO3 C. K2CO3 v KHCO3 D. Kt qu khc 39. Cho cc s phn ng sau: p dd, Mn xt a ) X1 + H2O X2 + X3 + H2 b ) X2 + X4 BaCO3 + K2CO3 + H2O HCl B
27
X1, X2 , X3 , X4 , X5 ln lt l: A. KOH, KCl, Cl2, Ba(HCO3)2, H2SO4 B. KCl, KOH, Cl2, Ba(HCO3)2, H2SO4 C. KCl, KOH, Cl2, H2SO4, Ba(HCO3)2 D. KCl, Cl2, Ba(HCO3)2, H2SO4, KOH 40. Hn hp gm Na v Al. Cho m g X vo mt lng d nc th thot ra Vlit kh. Nu cng cho m gam X vo dd NaOH(d) th c 1,75V lit kh. Thnh phn % khi lng ca Na trong X l: A. 39,87% B. 77,31% C. 49,87% D. 29,87% 41.nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi ho tr 2, thu c 6,8 gam cht rn v kh X. lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dd naOH 1M, khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l: A. 5,8 g B. 6,5 g C. 4,2 g D. 6,3 g 42. Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long v NaNO3, vai tr ca NaNO3 trong phn ng l: A. Cht xc tc B. Cht Oxi ho C. Mi trng D. Cht kh. 43. Hn hp X cha Na2O, NH4Cl, NaHCO3 v BaCl2 c s mol mi cht u bng nhau. Cho hn hp X vo H2O(d), un nng, dung dch thu c cha: A. NaCl, NaOH, BaCl2 B. NaCl, NaOH C. NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4Cl, BaCl2 D. NaCl. 44. Thc hin hai th nghim: 1. Cho 3,84 g Cu phn ng vi 80ml dd HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lit kh NO. 2. Cho 3, 84 g Cu phn ng vi 80ml dd HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5 M thot ra V2 lit NO. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l: A. V2=V1 B. V2=2V1 C. V2=2,5V1 D. V2=1,5V1 45. trong cc dd: HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2, dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 l: A. HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4 B. HNO3, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4 C. NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2 D. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2 46. C th phn bit ba dd: KOH, HCl, H2SO4 long bng mt thuc th l: A. Giy qu tm B. Zn C. Al D. BaCO3 47. nhn bit ba axit c ngui: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 ng ring bit trong ba l mt nhn ta dng thuc th l: A. Fe B. CuO C. Al D. Cu 48. Ho tan hon ton 2,81 g hn hp gm: Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dd c khi lngl: A. 6,81 g B. 4,81 g C. 3,81 g D. 5,81 g 49. Cho mg hh bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dd CuSO4. Sau khi kt thc cc p, lc b phn dd thu c mg bt rn. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Zn trong hh ban u l: A. 90,27% B. 85,30% C. 82,20% D. 12,67% 50. t mt kim loi trong bnh kn ng kh clo, thu c 32,5g mui clorua v nhn thy th tch kh clo trong bnh gim 6,72 lt ( ktc). Hy xc nh tn ca kim loi dng. a. ng b. Nhm c. Canxi d. St 51. X l 10 g hp kim nhm bng dung dch NaOH c nng (d), ngi ta thu c 11,2 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Hy cho bit thnh phn % ca nhm trong hp kim a. 85% b. 90% c. 95% d. Kt qu khc 52. Hai kim loi A v B c ho tr khng i l II.Cho 0,64 g hn hp A v B tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl ta thy thot ra 448 ml kh (ktc). S mol ca hai kim loi trong hn hp l bng nhau. Hai kim loi l: a. Zn, Cu b. Zn, Mg c. Zn, Ba d. Mg, Ca 53. Ho tan hon ton 1,45 g hn hp 3 kim loi Zn, Mg, Fe vo dung dch HCl d, thy thot ra 0,896 lt H2 (ktc). un khan dung dch ta thu c m gam mui khan th gi tr ca m l: a. 4,29 g b.2,87 g c. 3,19 g d. 3,87 g 54. Ho tan hon ton 4,68 g hn hp mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B k tip nhau trong nhm IIA vo dung dch HCl thu c 1,12 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Hai kim loi A, B ln lt l: a. Mg v Ca b. Be v Mg c. Ca v Sr d. Sr v Ba 55. Khi cho 17,4 g hp kim gm st, ng, nhm phn ng vi H2SO4 long d ta thu c dung dch A; 6,4 g cht rn; 9,856 lt kh B ( 27,30C v 1 atm). Phn trm khi lng mi kim lai trong hp kim Y l: a. Al: 30%; Fe: 50% v Cu: 20% b. Al: 30%; Fe: 32% v Cu 38% c. Al: 31,03%; Fe: 32,18% v Cu: 36,79% d. Al: 25%; Fe: 50% v Cu: 25% 56Khi ly 14,25 gam mui clorua ca 1 kim loi ch c ha tr II v mt lng mui nitrat ca kim loi vi smol nh nhau thy khi lng khc nhau 7,95gam. Cng thc ca 2 mui l: A.SrCl2 v Sr(NO3)2 B.CaCl2 v Ca(NO3)2 C.MgCl2 v Mg(NO3)2 D.BaCl2 v Ba(NO3)2 57 -Nhit phn 67,525 g hn hp hai mui rn bari cacbonat v bari sunfit sau phn ng xy ra hon ton phn cht rn cn li c khi lng 49,725 gam. Phn cht kh thu c c t khi so vi H2 l: A.26,615. B.29,735. C.27,385. D.27,000
28
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31
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35
B. C6H5OH, C6H5Cl.
t C2H4 + Br2 .
0
D. C6H6(OH)6, C6H6Cl6.
askt (1:1mol) C2H6 + Br2 .
36
C. CH3-CH2-CH2 -CH2-MgBr.
0
D. (CH3)3C-MgBr.
+ Br (1:1mol),Fe,t +NaOH (d + HCl(d Cu 468. Cho s chuyn ho sau : Toluen 2 X ),t Y ) Z ,p . Trong X, Y, Z u l hn hp ca cc cht hu c, Z c thnh phn chnh gm : A. o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen. B. m-metylphenol v o-metylphenol. C. benzyl bromua v o-bromtoluen. D. o-metylphenol v p-metylphenol. Cu 469. t chy hon ton mt ancol a chc, mch h X, thu c H2O v CO2 vi t l s mol tng ng l 3:2. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H6O. B. C3H8O2. C. C2H6O2. D. C4H10O2. Cu 470. Khi thc hin phn ng tch nc i vi ancol X, ch thu c mt anken duy nht. Oxi ho hon ton mt lng cht X thu c 5,6 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 5,4 gam nc. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp vi X? A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5. Cu 471. t chy hon ton hn hp M gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y l ng ng k tip ca nhau, thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,425 mol H2O. Mt khc, cho 0,25 mol hn hp M tc dng vi Na (d), thu c cha n 0,15 mol H2. Cng thc phn t ca X, Y l: A. C2H6O2, C3H8O2. B. C3H6OvC4H8O. C. C2H6OvC3H8O. D. C2H6O v CH4O. Cu 472. t chy hon ton mt ru (ancol) X thu c CO2 v H2O c t l s mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Th tch kh oxi cn dng t chy X bng 1,5 ln th tch kh CO2 thu c ( cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H8O3. B. C3H4O. C. C3H8O. D. C3H8O2. Cu 473. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt ancol X no, mch h cn va 17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Mt khc, nu cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi m gam Cu(OH)2 th to thnh dung dch c mu xanh lam. Gi tr ca m v tn gi ca X tng ng l A. 4,9 v propan-1,2-iol. B. 4,9 v propan-1,3-iol. C. 4,9 v glixerol. D. 9,8 v propan-1,2-iol. Cu 474. X l mt ancol (ru) no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6 gam oxi, thu c hi nc v 6,6 gam CO2. Cng thc ca X l A. C3H7OH. B. C2H4(OH)2. C. C3H6(OH)2. D. C3H5(OH)3. Cu 475. Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h thu c V lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v a gam H2O. Biu thc lin h gia m, a v V l: A. m = 2a + V/11,2 B. m = a + V/5,6 . C. m = 2a - V/22,4 . D. m = a - V/5,6 Cu 476. Cho hn hp X gm hai ancol a chc, mch h, thuc cng dy ng ng. t chy hon ton hn hp X, thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Hai ancol l A. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H6(OH)2. B. C3H5(OH)3 v C4H7(OH)3. C. C2H4(OH)2 v C4H8(OH)2. D. C2H5OH v C4H9OH. Cu 477. Cho hn hp hai anken ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi nc (c H2SO4 lm xc tc) thu c hn hp Z gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y. t chy hon ton 1,06 gam hn hp Z sau hp th ton b sn phm chy vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch T trong nng ca NaOH bng 0,05M. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l (th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k). A. C3H7OH v C4H9OH. B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. C. C2H5OH v C4H9OH. D. C4H9OH v C5H11OH. Cu 478. Khi t 0,1 mol mt cht X (dn xut ca benzen), khi lng CO2 thu c nh hn 35,2 gam. Bit rng, 1 mol X ch tc dng c vi 1 mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. C2H5C6H4OH. B. C6H4 (OH)2. C. HOCH2C6H4COOH. D. HO C6H4CH2OH. Cu 479. S cht ng vi cng thc phn t C7H8O (l dn xut ca benzen) u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 1. Cu 480. Cc ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10O (u l dn xut ca benzen) c tnh cht: tch nc thu c sn phm c th trng hp to polime, khng tc dng c vi NaOH. S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10O, tho mn tnh cht trn l A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1. Cu 481. Hp cht hu c X (phn t c vng benzen) c cng thc phn t l C7H8O2, tc dng c vi Na v vi NaOH. Bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi Na d, s mol H2 thu c bng s mol X tham gia phn ng v X ch tc dng c vi NaOH theo t l s mol 1:1. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3OC6H4OH. B. CH3C6H3(OH)2. C. HOC6H4CH2OH. D. C6H5CH(OH)2. Cu 482. Cho X l hp cht thm; a mol X phn ng va ht vi a lt dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu cho a mol X phn ng vi Na (d) th sau phn ng thu c 22,4a lt kh H2 ( ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3-C6H3(OH)2. B. HO-CH2-C6H4-OH. C. HO-C6H4-COOH. D. HO-C6H4-COOCH3. Cu 483. Khi un nng hn hp ru (ancol) gm CH3OH v C2H5OH (xc tc H2SO4 c, 140oC) th s ete thu c ti a l A. 1. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2. Cu 484. Khi tch nc t ru (ancol) 3-metylbutanol-2 (hay 3-metylbutan-2-ol), sn phm chnh thu c l A. 3-metylbuten-1 (hay 3-metylbut-1-en). B. 2-metylbuten-2 (hay 2-metylbut-2-en).
37
38
39
41
42
43
44
Bi tp
Cu 1: Gluxit A c cng thc n gin nht l CH2O phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2 to ra dung dch mu xanh lam. Mt khc 1,44 gam A phn ng trng gng th thu c 1,728 gam Ag. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C6H12O6 B. C12H22O11 C. C6H10O5 D. C12H22O11 Cu 2: t chy hon ton 2,25 g mt gluxit X cn dng va ht 1,68 lit kh oxi ktc. Cng thc thc nghim ca X l: A. (C6H10O5)n. B. (C12H22O11)n. C. (C5H8O4)n. D. (CH2O)n. Cu 3: Th tch dung dch HNO3 67,5% (khi lng ring l 1,5 gam/ml) cn dng tc dng vi xeluloz to thnh 89,1 kg xenluloz trinitrat l (bit lng HNO3 b hao ht 20%): A. 55 lt B. 81 lt C. 49 lt D. 70 lt Cu 4: Cho a gam glucoz ln men thnh ru vi hiu sut 80%, kh CO2 thot ra c hp th va bi 64 ml NaOH 20% (D = 1,25 g/ml) sn phm l mui natri hirocacbonat. a c gi tr l: A. 22,5 gam B. 45 gam C. 90 gam D. 28,8 gam Cu 5: em 2 kg glucoz, c ln 10% tp cht, ln men ru, hiu sut 70%. Cho bit etanol c khi lng ring l 0,79 g/ml. Th tch ru 40 c th iu ch c do s ln men trn l: A. Khong 1,58 B. Khong 1,85 lt C. ltKhong 2,04 lt D. Khong 2,50 lt
45
A. 21,6 gam
B. 53,2 gam
C. 30,24 gam
D. Kt qu khc
(Cu hi trong thi i hc) Cu 13. Cho 50ml dung dch glucoz cha r nng tc dng vi mt lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 thu c 2,16 gam Ag kt ta. Nng mol/l ca dung dch glucoz dng l A. 0,10M. B. 0,02M. C. 0,20M. D. 0,01M. Cu 14. Lng glucoz cn dng to ra 1,82 gam sobitol vi hiu sut 80% l A. 1,80 gam. B. 2,25 gam. C. 1,44 gam. D. 1,82 gam. Cu 15. Khi lng ca tinh bt cn dng trong qu trnh ln men to thnh 5 lt ru (ancol) etylic 46 l (bit hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 72% v khi lng ring ca ru etylic nguyn cht l 0,8 g/ml). A. 5,0 kg. B. 6,0 kg. C. 4,5 kg. D. 5,4 kg. Cu 16. Ln men hon ton m gam glucoz thnh ancol etylic. Ton b kh CO2 sinh ra trong qu trnh ny c hp th ht vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d) to ra 40 gam kt ta. Nu hiu sut ca qu trnh ln men l 75% th gi tr ca m l A. 58. B. 30. C. 60. D. 48. Cu 17. Cho m gam tinh bt ln men thnh ancol (ru) etylic vi hiu sut 81%. Ton b lng CO2 sinh ra c hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2, thu c 550 gam kt ta v dung dch X. un k dung dch X thu thm c 100 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l A. 550. B. 650. C. 750. D. 810. Cu 18. Ln men m gam glucoz vi hiu sut 90%, lng kh CO2 sinh ra hp th ht vo dung dch nc vi trong, thu c 10 gam kt ta. Khi lng dung dch sau phn ng gim 3,4 gam so vi khi lng dung dch nc vi trong ban u. Gi tr ca m l A. 30,0. B. 20,0. C. 13,5. D. 15,0. Cu 19. T 16,20 tn xenluloz ngi ta sn xut c m tn xenluloz trinitrat (bit hiu sut phn ng tnh theo xenluloz l 90%). Gi tr ca m l A. 25,46. B. 33,00. C. 26,73. D. 29,70. Cu 20. Th tch ca dung dch axit nitric 63% (D = 1,4 g/ml) cn va sn xut c 59,4 kg xenluloz trinitrat (hiu sut 80%) l A. 53,57 lt. B. 42,86 lt. C. 42,34 lt. D. 34,29 lt. Cu 21. Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t xenluloz v axit nitric c c xc tc axit sunfuric c, nng. c 29,7 kg xenluloz trinitrat, cn dng dung dch cha m kg axit nitric (hiu sut phn ng t 90%). Gi tr ca m l A. 21 kg. B. 30 kg. C. 42 kg. D. 10 kg. Cu 22. Th tch dung dch HNO3 67,5% (khi lng ring l 1,5 g/ml) cn dng tc dng vi xenluloz to thnh 89,1 kg xenluloz trinitrat l (bit lng HNO3 b hao ht l 20 %). A. 55 lt. B. 81 lt. C. 70 lt. D. 49 lt.
46
Bit Z c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y v Z ln lt l: A. C2H5OH, CH3CHO. B. CH3OH, HCOOH. C. C2H5OH, HCHO. D. CH3OH, HCHO. Cu 335. Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X, thu c 8,4 lt kh CO2, 1,4 lt kh N2 (cc th tch kh o ktc) v 10,125 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H9N. B. C4H9N. C. C3H7N. D. C2H7N. Cu 336. t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c X thu c 3,36 lt kh CO2, 0,56 lt kh N2 (cc kh o ktc) v 3,15 gam H2O. Khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c sn phm c mui H2N-CH2-COONa. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH. B. H2N-CH2-COO-CH3. C. H2N-CH2-COO-C2H5.D. H2N-CH2-COO-C3H7. Cu 337. Cho cc loi hp cht: aminoaxit (X), mui amoni ca axit cacboxylic (Y), amin (Z), este caaminoaxit (T). Dy gm cc loi hp cht u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l A. X, Y, Z. B. Y, Z, T. C. X, Y, Z, T. D. X, Y, T. Cu 338. -aminoaxit X cha mt nhm -NH2. Cho 10,3 gam X tc dng vi axit HCl (d), thu c 13,95 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH. B. H2NCH2COOH. C. CH3CH(NH2)COOH. D. H2NCH2CH2COOH. Cu 339. Cho 10 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi HCl (d), thu c 15 gam mui. S ng phn cu to ca X l A. 5. B. 7. C. 8. D. 4. Cu 340. Cho 5,9 gam amin n chc X tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Lm bay hi dung dch Y c 9,55 gam mui khan. S cng thc cu to ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 341. Cho 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c m1 gam mui Y. Cng 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c m2 gam mui Z. Bit m2 - m1 = 7,5. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C4H8O4N2. B. C4H10O2N2. C. C5H11O2N. D. C5H9O4N. Cu 342. trung ha 25 gam dung dch ca mt amin n chc X nng 12,4% cn dng 100ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H7N. B. CH5N. C. C3H7N. D. C3H5N. Cu 343. Trong phn t aminoaxit X c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl. Cho 15,0 gam X tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 19,4 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca X l A. H2NC3H6COOH. B. H2NC2H4COOH. C. H2NCH2COOH. D. H2NC4H8COOH. Cu 344. Cho 0,02 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c 3,67 gam mui khan. Mt khc 0,02 mol X tc dng va vi 40 gam dung dch NaOH 4%. Cng thc ca X l A. H2NC3H5(COOH)2. B. H2NC2H3(COOH)2. C. (H2N)2C3H5COOH. D. H2NC3H6COOH.
47
Bit hiu sut giai on to thnh nitrobenzen t 60% v hiu sut giai on to thnh anilin t 50%. Khi lng anilin thu c khi iu ch t 156 gam benzen l A. 186,0 gam. B. 111,6 gam. C. 93,0 gam. D. 55,8 gam. Cu 353. Mui C6H5N2+Cl- (phenyliazoni clorua) c sinh ra khi cho C6H5-NH2 (anilin) tc dng vi NaNO2 trong dung dch HCl nhit thp (0-5oC). iu ch c 14,05 gam C6H5N2+Cl- (vi hiu sut 100%), lng C6H5-NH2 v NaNO2 cn dng va l A. 0,1 mol v 0,3 mol. B. 0,1 mol v 0,4 mol. C. 0,1 mol v 0,1 mol. D. 0,1 mol v 0,2 mol.
48
49
50
51
52
==================================== PHNG PHP BO TON NGUYN T I. Nguyn tc ca phng php: Da vo nh lut bo tn nguyn t: Trong cc phn ng ha hc, cc nguyn t lun lun c bo tn. C th hiu nh lut nh sau: tng s mol nguyn t ca mt nguyn t A trc phn ng ha hc lun bng tng s mol nguyn t ca mt nguyn t A sau phn ng. Ch : nh lut c xem nh nguyn nhn ca nh lut bo tn khi lng. II. Vn dng phng php bo tn nguyn t trong gii tn: Cc dng tn thng s dng bo tn nguyn t: - Nguyn t ca nguyn t tn ti trong nhiu hp cht trong cng mt hn hp hoc dung dch... th khi lng ca nguyn t (hay ion) bng tng khi lng ca nguyn t ca nguyn t trong cc dng tn ti. - Tnh tn khi lng sn phm sau mt qu trnh phn ng th ch cn cn c vo cht u v cht cui, b qua cc phn ng trung gian v cc nguyn t lun c bo tn. Bi 1: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 cn 0,05 mol H2. Mt khc ha tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H2SO4 c thu c th tch kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht) iu kin tiu chun l A. 448 ml. B. 224 ml. C. 336 ml. D. 112 ml.
53
54
Br l
A. 84,05. B. 81,02. C. 18,98. D. 15,95. Bi 5: Mt hn hp gm O2, O3 iu kin tiu chun c t khi hi vi hiro l 18. Thnh phn % v th tch ca O 3 trong hn hp l A. 15%. B. 25%. C. 35%. D. 45%. Bi 6: Cn trn hai th tch metan vi mt th tch ng ng X ca metan thu c hn hp kh c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 15. X l A. C3H8. B. C4H10. C. C5H12. D. C6H14. Bi 7: Thm 250 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo 200 ml dung dch H3PO4 1,5M. Mui to thnh v khi lng tng ng l A. 14,2 gam Na2HPO4 ; 32,8 gam Na3PO4. B. 28,4 gam Na2HPO4 ; 16,4 gam Na3PO4. C. 12 gam NaH2PO4 ; 28,4 gam Na2HPO4. D. 24 gam NaH2PO4 ; 14,2 gam Na2HPO4. Bi 8: Ha tan 3,164 gam hn hp 2 mui CaCO3 v BaCO3 bng dung dch HCl d, thu c 448 ml kh CO2 (ktc). Thnh phn % s mol ca BaCO3 trong hn hp l A. 50%. B. 55%. C. 60%. D. 65%. Bi 9: Cn ly bao nhiu gam tinh th CuSO4.5H2O v bao nhiu gam dung dch CuSO4 8% pha thnh 280 gam dung dch CuSO4 16%? A. 180 gam v 100 gam. B. 330 gam v 250 gam. C. 60 gam v 220 gam. D. 40 gam v 240 gam. Bi 11: Cn bao nhiu lt axit H2SO4 (D = 1,84) v bao nhiu lt nc ct pha thnh 9 lt dung dch H2SO4 c D = 1,28 gam/ml? A. 2 lt v 7 lt. B. 3 lt v 6 lt. C. 4 lt v 5 lt. D. 6 lt v 3 lt. Bi 12. Ha tan hon ton m gam Na2O nguyn cht vo 40 gam dung dch NaOH 12% thu c dung dch NaOH 51%. Gi tr ca m (gam) l
55
Cu l
A. 73,0%. B. 34,2%. C.32,3%. D. 27,0%. Bi 15:Cn ly V1 lt CO2 v V2 lt CO c c 24 lt hn hp CO 2 v CO c t khi hi i vi metan bng 2. Gi tr ca V 1 (lt) l A. 2. B. 4. C. 6. D. 8. Bi 16: Thm 150 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo 120 ml dung dch H3PO4 1M. Khi lng cc mui thu c trong dung dch l A. 10,44 gam KH2PO4 ; 8,5 gam K3PO4. B. 10,44 gam K2HPO4 ; 12,72 gam K3PO4. C. 10,44 gam K2HPO4 ; 13,5 gam KH2PO4. D. 13,5 gam KH2PO4 ; 14,2 gam K3PO4. Bi 17:Ha tan 2,84 gam hn hp 2 mui CaCO3 v MgCO3 bng dung dch HCl (d) thu c 0,672 lt kh iu kin tiu chun. Thnh phn % s mol ca MgCO3 trong hn hp l A. 33,33%. B. 45,55%. C. 54,45%. D. 66,67%. Bi 18: Lng SO3 cn thm vo dung dch H2SO4 10% c 100 gam dung dch H2SO4 20% l A. 2,5 gam. B. 8,88 gam. C. 6,66 gam. D. 24,5 gam. o dC2H5OH(ng.cht) =0,8 g/m ; d H 2O = 1 g ml . l Bi 19: Dung dch ru etylic 13,8 c d (g/ml) =?. Bit A. 0,805. B. 0,8 55. C. 0,972. D. 0,915. Bi 20:Ha tan m gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long thu c hn hp kh NO v N2O c t khi so vi H2 bng 16,75. T l th tch kh trong hn hp l A. 2 : 3. B. 1 : 2. C. 1 : 3. D. 3 : 1. Bi 21: T 1 tn qung hematit A iu ch c 420 kg Fe. T 1 tn qung manhetit B iu ch c 504 kg Fe. Hi phi trn hai qung trn vi t l khi lng (mA : mB) l bao nhiu c 1 tn qung hn hp m t 1 tn qung hn hp ny iu ch c 480 kg Fe. A. 1 : 3. B. 2 : 5. C. 2 : 3. D. 1 : 1.
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TNH THEO PHNG TRNH ION Cu 1: Cho t t 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 300 ml dung dch Na2CO3 1M thu c V lt kh (ktc). V l: A. 5,6 lt B. 3,36 lt C. 6,72 lt D. 4,48 lt 2+ + Cu 2: Mt dung dch cha 0,02 mol Cu , 0,03 mol K , x mol Cl v y mol SO42- . Tng khi lng cc mui tan trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l : A. 0,03 v 0,02 B. 0,05 v 0,01 C. 0,01 v 0,03 D. 0,02 v 0,05 Cu 3: Cho t t 2 lt dung dch hn hp gm: HCl 1M v CH3COOH 0,1M vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm: Na2CO3 0,4M v K2CO3 2M thu c V lt kh (ktc). V l: A. 22,4 lt B. 33,6 lt C. 11,2 lt D. 44,8 lt Cu 4: Cho 2 mol kh CO2 phn ng hon ton vi 1,5 lt dung dch hn hp NaOH 1M v Ba(OH) 2 0,2M. Sau phn ng thu c khi lng kt ta l: A. 19,7 gam B. 39,4 gam C. 59,1 gam D. 78,8 gam Cu 5: Dung dch A gm: a mol Mg2+ , b mol Cl- , c mol NH4+ , d mol SO42- . Biu thc no sau y l ng: A. 2a + b = c + 2d B. 2a + c = b + d C. 2a - d = b c D. 2a - 2d = b c Cu 6: Dung dch A gm 4 ion: a mol Na+ , b mol Ca2+ , 1 mol NO3- v 2 mol Cl- . Thm 2 lt lt dung dch Na2CO3 1M vo dung dch A n khi phn ng hon ton kt thc th thu c 100 gam kt ta. a bng: A. 1 B. 0,5 C. 1,5 D. 2 Cu 7: Dung dch A c cha 5 ion : Mg2+, Ba2+ , Ca2+, 0,1 mol Cl- v 0,2 mol NO-3 . Thm dn V lt dung dch K2CO3 1M vo A n khi c lng kt ta ln nht. V c gi tr l A. 150 ml B. 300 ml C. 200 ml D. 250 ml Cu 8: Cho 500 ml dung dch A Cha hn hp Ba(OH) 2 0,5M v KOH 0,5M trung ho va 400 ml dung dch B cha hn hp HCl C1 (M) v H2SO4 C2 (M). Sau phn ng thu c 46,6 gam kt ta. Gi tr C1 v C2 ln lt l: A. 0,5 M v 0,6 M. B. 0,875 M v 0,5 M.
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57
trong M1, M2,... l KLPT (hoc KLNT) ca cc cht trong hn hp; n1, n2,... l s mol tng ng ca cc cht. Cng thc (1) c th vit thnh:
t khi l ng hn h p (t theo gam) ng nh . t s mol cc cht trong hn h p ng M n + M 2 n 2 + M3 n3 + ... M i n i M= 1 1 = (1) n1 + n 2 + n 3 + ... ni M= n1 n n + M2 . 2 + M3 . 3 + ... ni ni ni
M = M1 .
(2) trong x1, x2,... l % s mol tng ng (cng chnh l % khi lng) ca cc cht. c bit i vi cht kh th x 1, x2, ... cng chnh l % th tch nn cng thc (2) c th vit thnh:
M = M1x1 + M 2 x 2 + M3 x3 + ...
M=
trong V1, V2,... l th tch ca cc cht kh. Nu hn hp ch c 2 cht th cc cng thc (1), (2), (3) tng ng tr thnh (1), (2), (3) nh sau:
M V V
i i
(3)
M=
(1)
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M = M1x1 + M 2 (1 x1 )
trong con s 1 ng vi 100% v
(2) (3)
M=
M1V1 + M 2 (V V1 ) V
trong V1 l th tch kh th nht v V l tng th tch hn hp. T cng thc tnh KLPTTB ta suy ra cc cng thc tnh KLNTTB. Bi -1 -: Ha tan hon ton 2,84 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi phn nhm II A v thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon bng dung dch HCl ta thu c dung dch X v 672 ml CO2 ( ktc). 1. Hy xc nh tn cc kim loi. A. Be, Mg. B. Mg, Ca. C. Ca, Ba. D. Ca, Sr. 2. C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan? A. 2 gam. B. 2,54 gam. C. 3,17 gam. D. 2,95 gam. 63 65 Bi -2 -: Trong t nhin, ng (Cu) tn ti di hai dng ng v 29 Cu v 29Cu . KLNT (xp x khi lng trung bnh) ca Cu l 63,55. Tnh % v khi lng ca mi loi ng v. A. 65Cu: 27,5% ; 63Cu: 72,5%. B. 65Cu: 70% ; 63Cu: 30%. C. 65Cu: 72,5% ; 63Cu: 27,5%. D. 65Cu: 30% ; 63Cu: 70%. Bi -3 -Ho tan 18,4 gam hn hp hai mui ccbonnat ca hai kim loi ng lin tip trong phn nhm chnh nhm II ca bng tun hon vo dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lit kh ktc. Hy xc nh tn hai kim loi. (chn p n ng). A.Be, Mg B.Mg, Ca C.Ca, Sr D.Sr, Ba Bi -4-Hai kim loi A v B c ho tr khng i l II.Cho 0,64 g hn hp A v B tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl ta thy thot ra 448 ml kh (ktc). S mol ca hai kim loi trong hn hp l bng nhau. Hai kim loi l: a. Zn, Cu b. Zn, Mg c. Zn, Ba d. Mg, Ca Bi -5-H tan ht 7,6g hn hp 2 kim loi X v Y nhm IIA thuc 2 chu k lin tip bng dd HCl d th thu c 5,6 lit kh (ktc). X v Y l nhng kim loi no sau y? A. Mg v Ca B. Be v Mg C. Ca v Sr D. Sr v Ba Bi -6-Cho 500ml dd X cha 2 mui NaA v NaB vi A v B l halogen (nhm VIIA thuc 2 chu k k tip ca bng HTTH) tc dng vi 100ml ddAgNO3 0,1M (lng va , cho ra 1,5685g kt ta). Xc nh A, B v nng mol ca NaA v NaB trong dd X. A. F v Cl; CNaF = 0,015M; CNaCl = 0,005M B. Br v I; CNaBr = 0,014M; CNaI = 0,006M C. Cl v Br; CNaCl = 0,012M; CNaBr = 0,008M D. Cl v Br; CNaCl = 0,014M; CNaBr = 0,006M Bi -7-Hn hp A gm cc kh N2, H2, NH3 (v mt t cht xc tc) c t khi so vi H2 bng 6,05. Nung nng A mt thi gian thy t khi hn hp so vi H2 tng 0,348. Vy, hiu sut to kh NH3 l: A. 10% b. 18,75% C. 34% D. 27% Bi -8-Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi X,Y c ha tr khng i v khng c kim loi no ha tr I. Ly 7,68g hn hp A chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: nung trong kh O2 d oxi ha hn tn, thu c 6g hn hp rn B gm 2 oxit - Phn 2: ha tan hn tn trong dd cha HCl v H2SO4 lng, thu c V lit kh H2 (ktc) v ddC. Tnh V. A. 2,352lit B. 4,704lit C. 3,024lit D. 1,176lit Bi -9-0,1 mol hn hp A c khi lng 3,84g gm 2 kim loi X,Y c ha tr khng i v khng c kim loi no ha tr I. Nung hn hp A trong O2 d oxi ha hn tn, thu c 6g hn hp rn B gm 2 oxit. Bit khi lng nguyn t ca X, Y u ln hn 20vC. X, Y l nhng kim loi no? A. Mg v Fe B. Mg v Zn C. Al v Zn D. Al v Fe Bi -10-Mt hn hp 2 kim loi kim 2 chu k k tip ca bng HTTH c khi lng l 8,5g. Hn hp ny tan ht trong nc d cho ra 3,36lit kh H2 (ktc). Xc nh A, B v khi lng mi kim loi. A. Na, K; 4,6g Na; 3,9g K B. Na, K; 2,3g Na; 6,1g K C. Li, Na; 1,4g Li; 7,1g Na A. Li, Na; 2,8g Li; 5,7g Na Bi -11-2,56g mt hn hpX gm 2 halogen A2, B2 (thuc 2 chu k k tip ca bng HTTH) tc dng ht vi Ag cho ra hn hp 2 mui c khi lng l 133,6g. Xc nh A, B v A2, B2 trong hn hp X. A. Cl, Br; mCl2 = 14 ,2 g; m Br2 = 11,4 g B. F, Cl; m Br2 = 5 ,7 g;mCl 2 = 19,9 g C. F, Cl; m F2 = 11,4 g; mCl 2 = 14 ,2 g D. Cl, Br; mCl2 = 7 ,1g;m Br2 = 18,5 g Bi -12-Hn hp X nng 5,28g gm Cu v mt kim loi ch c ha tr 2, 2 kim loi ny c cng s mol. X tan ht trong HNO3 sinh ra 3,584 lit hn hp NO2 v NO (ktc) c t khi vi H2 l 21. Kim loi cha bit l: A. Ca B. Mg C. Ba D. Zn PHNG PHP T CHN LNG CHT Trong mt s cu hi v bi tp trc nghim chng ta c th gp mt s trng hp c bit sau: - C mt s bi ton tng nh thiu d kin gy b tc cho vic tnh ton.
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Bi5: Hn hp X gm N2 v H2 c M X = 12,4 . Dn X i qua bnh ng bt Fe ri nung nng bit rng hiu sut tng hp NH3 t 40% th thu c hn hp Y. M Y c gi tr l A. 15,12. B. 18,23. C. 14,76. D. 13,48.
Bi6: Phng in qua O2 c hn hp kh O2, O3 c M = 33 gam. Hiu sut phn ng l A. 7,09%. B. 9,09%. C. 11,09%. D.13,09%. Bi7: Ho tan hon ton mt lng kim loi R ha tr n bng dung dch H 2SO4 long ri c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c mt lng mui khan c khi lng gp 5 ln khi lng kim loi R ban u em ho tan. Kim loi R l A. Al. B. Ba. C. Zn. D. Mg. Cch 2: CHN NG T L LNG CHT TRONG U BI CHO Bi8: (khi A - TSH 2007)Hn hp gm hirocacbon X v oxi c t l s mol tng ng l 1:10. t chy hon ton hn hp trn thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y qua dung dch H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp kh Z c t khi i vi hiro bng 19. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H8. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C3H4. Cch 3: CHN GI TR CHO THNG S Bi9: X l hp kim gm (Fe, C, Fe3C), trong hm lng tng cng ca Fe l 96%, hm lng C n cht l 3,1%, hm lng Fe3C l a%. Gi tr a l A. 10,5. B. 13,5. C. 14,5. D. 16. Bi10: Nung m gam X cha 80% khi lng gam CaCO3 (phn cn li l tp cht tr) mt thi gian thu c cht rn Y cha 45,65 % CaO. Tnh hiu sut phn hy CaCO3. A. 50%. B. 75%. C. 80%. D. 70%.
PHNG PHP PHN TCH H S Bi Hn hp X gm Fe, Mg v Zn. Bit X tc dng vi HCl th thu c 12,32 lt kh, cn khi cho X tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng th thu c 29,12 lt kh NO2. Bit cc th tch kh u o ktc. Xc nh khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp. A 11,2 gam
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