Baitap PT Mu Logarit (Co HD Giai)

DANG 1.
PHtONG THNH CO HAN

Phng trnh m c bn c dng:
x
a m = , trong a 0, a 1 > v m l s cho.
Nu m 0 , th phng trnh
x
a m = v nghim.
Nu m 0 > , th phng trnh
x
a m = c nghim duy nht
a
x log m. =
Bi 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1)
x 1 x x 1
5 6.5 3.5 52
+
+ =
2)
x 1 x 2 x 3 x x 1 x 2
3 3 3 9.5 5 5
+ + + + +
+ + = + +
3)
x x 1
3 .2 72
+
=
4)
2 2 2
x 3x 2 x 6x 5 2x 3x 7
4 4 4 1
+ + + + +
+ = +
5)
2x 1 x 1 x x 1
5.3 7.3 1 6.3 9
+
+ +
1) ( )
3
log x x 2 1 + =
2)
( ) ( )
2
2 2
log x 3 log 6x 10 1 0 + =
3) ( ) ( ) log x 15 log 2x 5 2 + + =
4)
( )
x 1
2
log 2 5 x
+
=
Bi 3. Bi tp rn luyn. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1)
x 1 x 2
3 2.3 25
+
= 2) ( ) ( )
2 2
x 1
log log x 1 x 4 2
x 4
+ + =
+

3)
x 1 x 2 x x 2
3.2 2.5 5 2
+
+ = + 4)
2
x x
log 16 log 7 2 =
5)
x 3x 1
4 7 16
0
7 4 49
| | | |
=
| |
\ \
6) ( ) ( )
2
8 8
4
2log 2x log x 2x 1
3
+ + =
7)
2
logx 1 log x log x 2
4 6 2.3
+ +
= 8)
x 1 x 2 x 2 x 1
1 1
2.5 .4 .5 4
5 4
+ + + +
=
9) ( ) ( )
5 3
3
log x 2 log x 2log x 2 = 10)
x 5 x 7
3 2 5 2 32

=
11)
( ) ( )
x x 2 x 1 x 1 x 1
3 10 6 4.10 5 10 6
+ +
+ =

CHt1EN E 1. PHtONG THNH
Mt LOGAHIT
DANG 2. PHtONG PHAP tA E CtNG CO SO
Phng php a v cng c s
S dng cng thc:
a a

= = .

( )
a a
b 0 c
log b log c
b c
>
=

=
hoc > 0

1)
2x 1 x 1 x
5 7 175 35 0
+ +
+ = 3)
x 3 2 x 3 4 2 x 1 2 x 1
x .2 2 .2 2 x
+ + +
+ = +
2)
x x 2 x 1 x 1
1 1
3.4 .9 6.4 .9
3 2
+ + +
+ = 4)
( )
2
2 2
x 1 x x 1 x
4 2 2 1
+ +
+ = +
1)
x x x
16 64
log 2.log 2 log 2 =
2)
2
5x 5
5
log log x 1
x
+ =
3)
2 3 4 20
log x log x log x log x + + =
4) ( )
( )
( )
2 2
x 3
1
log 3x 1 2 log x 1
log 2
+
+ = + +
5) 5) 5) 5)
( )
2
2
9 3
3
1 x 1
log x 5x 6 log log x 3
2 2
+ = +
6)
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
log x 3x 2 log x 7x 12 3 log 3 + + + + + = +
Bi 3. Gii phng trnh sau: ( ) ( ) ( )
8
4 2
2
1 1
log x 3 log x 1 log 4x
2 4
+ + =
1)
2 3x
3 x x x 3
1
9 27 . 81
3
+
| |
=
|
\
6)
( ) ( )
2
5 5
log 6 4x x 2log x 4 = +
2)
x x 1 x 2 x 1
3.13 13 2 5.2
+ + +
+ = 7) ( )
5
1
2log x 1 log x log x
2
=
3) ( ) ( )
4 2 2 4
log log x log log x 2 + = 8)
( )
2
9 3 3
2log x log x.log 2x 1 1 = +
4)
( )
2
5
5
x 1
log x 2x 3 log
x 3
+ =
+
9)
( ) ( )
2
2
4 4 4
log x 1 log x 1 log x 2 =
5) ( ) ( )
2 3
4 8
2
log x 1 2 log 4 x log 4 x + + = + +

DANG 3. tA E DANG TCH A.H = 0
V d 1: Gii phng trnh:
2 2
x x x x 2x
2 4.2 2 4 0
+
+ =
HD:
( ) ( )
2 2 2
x x x x 2x x x 2x
2 4.2 2 4 0 2 1 . 2 4 0
+
+ = =
Nhn xt: Mc d cng c s 2 nhng khng th bin i t c n ph do ta phi phn
tch thnh
( ) ( )
2
2
2 1 . 2 4
x x x
. y l phng trnh tch bit cch gii.
1)
x x x
8.3 3.2 24 6 + = +
2)
2 2
x x x x 2x
2 4.2 2 4 0
+
+ =
3)
x x x 1
12.3 3.15 5 20
+
+ =
V d 2: Gii phng trnh: ( )
( )
2
9 3 3
2 log x log x.log 2x 1 1 = + .
Nhn xt: Tng t nh trn ta phi bin i phng trnh thnh tch
( ) 3 3 3
log 2log 2 1 1 .log 0 x x x
(
+ =

. y l phng trnh tch bit cch gii.
Tng qut: Trong nhiu trng hp cng c s nhng khng th bin i t n ph
c th ta bin i thnh tch.
Bi 2. Gii phng trnh:
2 7 2 7
log x 2.log x 2 log x.log x + = + .

DANG 3. PHtONG PHAP AT AN PHt
S dng cng thc v hm s m v lgarit bin i bi ton, sau t n s
ph, quy phng trnh cho v cc phng trnh i s (phng trnh cha hoc
khng cha cn thc). Sau khi gii phng trnh trung gian ta quy v gii tip cc
phng trnh m hoc lgarit c bn
A - Phng php t n ph dng 1.
PHtONG THNH Mt
Phng trnh
kx (k 1) x (k 2)x x
k k 1 k 2 1 0
a a a ... a 0

+ + + + + = , khi ta t
x
, a 0 t t = > .
Phng trnh
x x
1 2 3
a b 0 + + = , vi a.b 1 = . Khi t
x x
1
t a , t 0 b
t
= > = , ta c
phng trnh:
2
1 3 2
t t 0 + + = .
Phng trnh
2x x 2x
1 2 3
a (ab) b 0 + + = . Chia hai v cho
2x
a hoc
2x
b ta c
2x x
1 2 3
a a
0
b b

| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ \
, t
x
a
t , t 0
b
| |
= >
|
\
.

1)
2 2
x x 2 x 1 x 2
4 5.2 6 0
+ +
=
2)
3 2cos x 1 cos x
4 7.4 2 0
+ +
=
3)
( ) ( ) ( )
x x x
26 15 3 2 7 4 3 2 2 3 1 + + + =
1)
( ) ( )
x x
2 3 2 3 14 + + = 3)
3x x
3x x 1
8 1
2 6 2 1
2 2

| | | |
=
| |
\ \

2)
3 x 1 5 3x
5.2 3.2 7 0

+ = 4)
x x x
27 12 2.8 + =
PHtONG THNH LOGAHIT
Nu t ( )
a
t log x, x 0 = > th
k k
a x
1
log x t ; log a , 0 x 1.
t
= = < .
Nu t
b
log x
t a = th
b
log a
t x = . V
b b
log c log a
a c = .
1)
( ) ( )
x 1 x
2 2
log 4 4 .log 4 1 3
+
+ + = 4)
x 3 3
x
1
log 3 log x log 3 log x
2
+ = + +
2) ( ) ( )
4 2 2 4
log log x log log x 2 + = 5) ( )
2 x 1
log x 1 log 16
+
+ =
3) ( )
2
x 25
log 125x .log x 1 = 6) ( )
3 9x
3
4
2 log x log 3 1
1 log x
=

1)
( )
x x
log 6.5 25.20 x log 25 + = + 3)
8 2
4 16
log 4x log x
log 2x log 8x
=
2)
2 2
2 x
log x.log (4x ) 12 = 4)
( )
2
3
log x log x 2 = +
B - Phng php t n ph dng 2.
PHtONG THNH Mt
Phng php: tng l s dng mt n ph chuyn phng trnh ban u thnh mt
phng trnh vi mt n ph nhng cc h s vn cn cha n x. Khi thng ta c
mt phng trnh bc 2 theo n ph c bit s l mt s chnh phng.
V d : Gii phng trnh: ( )
x x
9 2 x 2 3 2x 5 0 + + = .
HD: t ( )
x
t 3 * = , khi ta c: ( )
2
t 2 x 2 t 2x 5 0 t 1, t 5 2x + + = = = .
Thay vo (*) ta tm c x.
Lu : Phng php ny ch s dng khi l s chnh phng.
( )
2 2
x 2 x 2
9 x 3 3 2x 2 0 + + =
2x 3x 1 x 3
4 2 2 16 0
+ +
+ + =
PHtONG THNH LOGAHIT
V d 2: Gii phng trnh: ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3
log x 1 x 5 log x 1 2x 6 0 + + + + =
HD: t ( )
3
t log x 1 = + , ta c: ( )
2
t x 5 t 2x 6 0 t 2, t 3 x + + = = = . Suy ra
x 8, x 2. = =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2
lg x 1 x 5 lg x 1 5x 0 + + + =
1) ( )
2
2 2
lg x lgxlog 4x 2log x 0 + =
2)
4 3 2
lg x lg x 2lg x 9lgx 9 0 + =
C - Phng php t n ph dng 3.
PHtONG THNH Mt
Phng php: La chn n ph thch hp ri chuyn phng trnh v h n gin.
2 2 2
x 1 1 x (x 1)
4 2 2 1
+ +
+ = +
2 2 2
x 3x 2 x 6x 5 2x 3x 7
4 4 4 1
+ + + + +
+ = +
PHtONG THNH LOGAHIT
S dng 2 n ph cho 2 biu thc logarit trong phng trnh v kho lo bin i phng
trnh thnh phng trnh tch.
Bi 1. Gii phng trnh: ( ) ( )
2
2
2 2 2
log x x 1 log xlog x x 2 0 + =
2
2 2 3 2 3
log x log x log x log xlog x 0 + =
( ) ( )
2 2
log x log x
2
2 2 x 2 2 1 x + + = +
D - Phng php t n ph dng 4. t n ph chuyn thnh h phng trnh.
PHtONG THNH Mt
V d : Gii phng trnh:
x
x 1 x x 1 1 x
8 2 18
2 1 2 2 2 2 2

+ =
+ + + +

HD: Vit phng trnh di dng
x 1 1 x x 1 1 x
8 1 18
2 1 2 2 2 2 2

+ =
+ + + +
, t
x 1 1 x
u 2 1, v 2 1; u, v 0

= + = + > .
Nhn xt: . . u v u v = + T ta c h:
8 1 18
.
u v u v
u v u v
+ =
= +

2x x
2 2 6 6 + =
PHtONG THNH LOGAHIT
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
log x x 1 3log x x 1 2 + + =
3
2 lgx 1 lgx 1 =
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
3 log x 4x 5 2 5 log x 4x 5 6 + + + + =
E - Phng php t n ph dng 5.
PHtONG THNH LOGAHIT
S dng mt n ph chuyn phng trnh ban u thnh mt h phng trnh vi mt n ph v
mt n x. Ta thc hin cc bc:
+ t iu kin c ngha cho phng trnh.
+ Bin i phng trnh v dng: f(x; (x)) = 0.
+ t y = (x) a v h:
( )
( ; ) 0
y x
f x y
=
.
Ch : i vi phng trnh logart c mt dng rt c bit, l phng trnh
dng . ( )
ax b
s
s c log dx e x
+
= + + + . Vi ; d ac e bc = + = + .
Cch gii:
- iu kin c ngha ca phng trnh:
0 1
0
s
dx e
<

- t ( )
s
ay b log dx e + = + khi phng trnh cho tr thnh:
( ) ( ) (1)
( ) (2)
ax b ax b ax b
ay b ay b
s
s c ay b x s acy x bc s acy d ac x e
ay b log dx e s dx e s dx e

+ + +
+ +
= + + + = + + + = + +

+ = + = + = +

- Ly (1) tr cho (2) ta c:
ax b ay b
s acx s acy
+ +
+ = + (3).
- Xt hm s ( )
at b
f x s act
+
= + l hm s dn iu trn R. T (3) ta c f(x) = f(y) x = y,
khi (2)
ax b
s dx e
+
= + (4) dng phng php hm s xc nh nghim phng trnh (4).
V d: Gii phng trnh: ( )
x 1
7
7 6log 6x 5 1
= +
HD: t ( )
7
y 1 log 6x 5 = . Khi chuyn thnh h
( )
( )
x 1 x 1
x 1 y 1
y 1
7
7 6 y 1 1 7 6y 5
7 6x 7 6y
y 1 log 6x 5 7 6x 5

= + =

+ = +

= =

.
Xt hm s ( )
t 1
f t 7 6t
= + suy ra x y = , Khi
x 1
7 6x 5 0
+ = .
Xt hm s ( )
x 1
g x 7 6x 5
= + . Nhm nghim ta c 2 nghim: x 1, x 2. = =

1)
2
2 2
log x log x 1 1 + + = 3)
2
2 2 2
3log x 1 4log x 13log x 5 + = +
2)
2
lgx 1 lg x 4lgx 5 + = + + 4)
2
2 2 2
3log x 1 4log x 13log x 5 + = +
1)
2
lgx 1 lg x 4lgx 5 + = + + 3) ( )
x
6
6 3log 5x 1 2x 1 = + +
2)
3
3
2 3
log x 2 3 3log x 2 + = 4)
3 3
x 1 3 2x 1 + =
1)
x x
9 10.3 9 0 + = 16)
( ) ( )
cosx cosx
5
7 4 3 7 4 3
2
+ + =
2)
2 2
x x
4 6.2 8 0 + = 17)
( ) ( )
x x
x
2 3 2 3 2 + + =
3)
2 2 2
x x x
15.25 34.15 15.9 0 + = 18)
( ) ( )
x x
4 15 4 15 8 + + =
4)
( ) ( )
x x
2 3 2 3 4 + + = 19)
( ) ( )
x x
x
7 3 5 7 3 5 14.2 + + =
5)
x 1 x 2
5 5.0, 2 26

+ = 20)
x 3
log 3x .log x 1 0 + =
6)
x x x
25 12.2 6, 25.0,16 0 = 21)
8 2
4 16
log 4x log x
log 2x log 8x
=
7)
1 3
3
x x
64 2 12 0
+
+ = 22) ( )
x 2 5
1 2log 5 log x 2
+
+ = +
8)
x x 1 x x
4 4 3.2
+ +
= 23) ( ) ( )
3
log log x log log x 2 0 + =
9)
x x
9 8.3 7 0 + = 24)
( ) ( )
x x 1
3
log 3 1 .log 3 3 6
+
=
10)
2x 1 x 1
1
.4 21 13.4
2

+ = 25)
( )
x
2
log 9 2 3 x =
11)
1 1 1
x x x
6.9 13.6 6.4 0 + = 26)
3 x
5
log x log 3
2
+ =
12)
3 3 3 x x x
25 9 15 0 + = 27)
8 2
3log x log x
2x 2x 5 0
+ =
13)
2 2
sin x cos x
9 9 10 + = 28)
2 2
log x log 5
5 2.x 15 + =
14)
2 2
sin x cos x
2 5.2 7 + = 29)
( )
2
25 5
log 5x 1 log 7
7 x 0
=
15)
2
cos2x cos x
4 4 3 + = 30)
logx log5
25 5 4.x = +
F - Mt s bi ton (c bit l cc bi logarrit) ta thng phi a v phng trnh h
phng trnh bt phng trnh m ri s dng cc phng php trn.
Dng 1. Khc c s
V d: Gii phng trnh:
7 3
log x log ( x 2) = + .
t
t
7
t log x x 7 = = .
Phng trnh tr thnh
( )
t
t
t t t
3
7 1
t log 7 2 3 7 2 1 2.
3 3
| |
| |
= + = + = +
|
|
|
\
\

Dng 2. Khc c s v biu thc trong du log phc tp
( ) ( ) 4
2 2
6 5
log x 2x 2 2log x 2x 3 = .
t
2
t x 2x 3 = , ta c ( )
6 5
log t 1 log t + = .
( )
6
log x
2 6
log x 3 log x + = .
t
6
t log x = , phng trnh tng ng
t
t t t t
3
6 3 2 3 1
2
| |
+ = + =
|
\
.
Dng 3.
( )
b
log x c
a x
+
= . (iu kin: b a c = + )
V d 1. Gii phng trnh:
( )
7
log x 3
4 x
+
= .
t ( )
t
7
t log x 3 7 x 3 = + = +
Phng trnh tr thnh:
t t
t t
4 1
4 7 3 3. 1
7 7
| | | |
= + =
| |
\ \
.
V d 2. Gii phng trnh:
( )
3
log x 5
2 x 4.
+
= +
t t x 4 = + . Phng trnh tr thnh:
( )
3
log t 1
2 t
+
= .

DANG S. PHtONG PHAP LOGAHIT HOA
S dng cng thc ly logarit hai v ca phng trnh vi c s thch hp.
PHtONG THNH Mt
Dng 1:
f (x)
a
0 a 1, b 0
a b
f (x) log b.
< >
=

=

Dng 2:
f (x) g(x) f (x) g(x)
a a a
a b log a log b f (x) g(x).log b. = = =
1)
( )
4 4
3 log x 1 log x 2
x 2

= 2)
2 3
lg x lgx 3
2
x
1 1
1 1 1 1 x x
+ +
=
+ + +

1)
4x 1 3x 2
2 1
5 7
+ +
| | | |
=
| |
\ \
2)
lgx 2
x 1000x =
PHtONG THNH LOGAHIT
Dng 1:
a b
0 a 1
log f (x) b
f (x) a
<
=

=
.
Dng 2:
a a
0 a 1
log f (x) log g(x)
f (x) g(x) 0
<
=

= >

1)
( )
2
x
log x 4x 4 3 + = 3) ( )
x
log x 6 3 + =
2) ( )
{ }
4 3 2 2
1
log 2log 1 log 1 3log x
2
(

+ + =
1)
3
2x 3
log
x
2 1
| |
|
\
= 3)
2 3
2 2
log (x 1) 2log (x x 1) = + +
2)
( ) ( )
2
2 1
2
log x 1 log x 1 = 4)
x
x lg(1 2 ) xlg5 lg6 + + = +
1)
x 1 2x 1
4.9 3 2
+
= 2)
x x
3 2
2 3 =
3)
2
x 2x x
2 .3 1, 5
= 4)
2
x x
5 .3 1 =
5)
2x 1
x
x 1
5 .2 50
+
= 6)
x
x
x 2
3 .8 6
+
=
7)
3x
x
x 2
3 .2 6
+
= .

DANG B. PHtONG PHAP St DtNG TNH ONG HIEN, NGH|CH
HIEN CtA HAM SO
Nhm nghim v s dng tnh n iu chng minh nghim duy nht
(thng l s dng cng c o hm)
Ta thng s dng cc tnh cht sau:
Tnh cht 1: Nu hm s f tng ( hoc gim ) trong khong (a;b) th phng trnh
f(x) = C c khng qu mt nghim trong khong (a;b). ( do nu tn ti x
0
(a;b) sao
cho f(x
0
) = C th l nghim duy nhat ca phng trnh f(x) = C)
Tnh cht 2 : Nu hm f tng trong khong (a;b) v hm g l hm mt hm gim trong
khong (a;b) th phng trnh f(x) = g(x) c nhiu nht mt nghim trong khong (a;b).
( do nu tn ti x
0
(a;b) sao cho f(x
0
) = g(x
0
) th l nghim duy nht ca phng
trnh f(x) = g(x))
Tnh cht 3 : nh l Rn: Nu hm s ( ) y f x = li hoc lm trn khong ( ) a; b th
phng trnh ( ) f x 0 = c khng qua hai nghim thuc khong ( ) a; b .
2
log x
x 2.3 3 + =
HD:
2 2
log x log x
x 2.3 3 2.3 3 x + = = , v tri l hm ng bin, v phi l hm
nghch bin nn phng trnh c nghim duy nht x 1 = .
x x x x
6 2 5 3 + = + .
HD: Phng trnh tng ng
x x x x
6 5 3 2 = , gi s phng trnh c nghim .
Khi : 6 5 3 2

= . Xt hm s ( ) ( ) f t t 1 t

= + , vi t 0 > . Ta nhn thy
( ) ( ) f 5 f 2 = nn theo nh l lagrange tn ti ( ) c 2;5 sao cho:
( ) ( )
1
1
f ' c 0 c 1 c 0 0, 1

(
= + = = =

, th li ta thy x 0, x 1 = = l
nghim ca phng trnh.
V d 3: Gii phng trnh: ( )
2
2
x x x 1
2 2 x 1

+ = .
HD: Vit li phng trnh di dng
2
x 1 x x 2
2 x 1 2 x x

+ = + , xt hm s
( )
t
f t 2 t = + l hm ng bin trn R (???). Vy phng trnh c vit di dng:
( ) ( )
2 2
f x 1 f x x x 1 x x x 1 = = = .
x x
3 2 3x 2 + = + .
HD: D dng ta tm c nghim: x 0 = v x 1 = . Ta cn chng minh khng cn
nghim no khc.
Xt hm s ( ) ( )
x x x 2 x 2
f x 3 2 3x 2 f '' x 3 ln 3 2 ln 2 0 = + = + > th ca
hm s ny lm, suy ra phng trnh khng c qu hai nghim. (nh l Rn)
V d 5: Chng minh h phng trnh
x
2
y
2
y
2007
y 1
x
2007
x 1
e
e

c ng hai nghim tha mn
x 0, y 0. > >
HD: Dng tnh cht 2 ch ra x y = khi xt hm s ( )
x
2
x
f x 2007
x 1
e = +
.
Nu x 1 < th ( )
1
f x 2007 0 e
< < suy ra h phng trnh v nghim.

Nu x 1 > dng nh l Rn v ch ra vi
0
x 2 = th ( ) f 2 0 < suy ra iu phi
chng minh.
V d 6: Cho a b 0 > . Chng minh rng:
b a
a b
a b
1 1
2 2
2 2
| | | |
+ +
| |
\ \

HD: Bt ng thc
a b
a b
a b
a b
1 1
ln 2 ln 2
1 1 2 2
bln 2 a ln 2
2 2 a b
| | | |
+ +
| |
| | | |
\ \
+ +
| |
\ \
.
Xt hm s ( )
x
x
1
ln 2
2
f x
x
| |
+
|
\
= vi x 0 > ,
Suy ra ( ) f x 0 < vi mi x 0 > nn hm s nghch bin vy vi a b 0 > ta c
( ) f(a) f b .
1)
x x x
3 4 5 + = 7)
x x
4 3 1 =
2)
( ) 2 3
log 1 x log x + = 8)
( )
6
log x
2 6
log x 3 log x + =
3)
2 2 2
log 9 log x log 3 2
x x .3 x = 9) ( )
x 2 x 2
3.25 3x 10 5 3 x 0

+ + =
4) ( )
2 x x 3 2
x .3 3 12 7x x 8x 19x 12 + = + +
5) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
4 x 2 log x 3 log x 2 15 x 1 + = + (

6)
x x x x 3 2
x x x
1 1 1
5 4 3 2 2x 5x 7x 17
2 3 6
+ + + = + + + +
1)
x
x
2
2 1 3 = + 4) ( )
x x
25 2 3 x 5 2x 7 0 + =
2)
3 x 2
2 x 8x 14
= + 5)
x 3 x
8 x.2 2 x 0
+ =
3)
2
log x 3 x = 6) ( )
2
2 2
l og x x 1 log x 6 2x + =
1)
x x x
4 9 25 + =
2) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3
x 2 log x 1 4 x 1 log x 1 16 0 + + + + + =
3) ( )
x x
9 2 x 2 .3 2x 5 0 + + =
4)
( )
( )
2
x log x x 6 4 log x 2 + = + +
5) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3
x 3 log x 2 4 x 2 log x 2 16 + + + + + =

DANG 7. MOT AI HAI NHONG MAt MtC
( ) ( )
x x x x
4 2.2 2 2 1 sin 2 y 1 2 0 + + + =
HD: phng trnh
( ) ( )
x x x x
4 2.2 2 2 1 sin 2 y 1 2 0 + + + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
x x x 2 x 2 x
2
x x 2 x
x x
x
2 1 2 2 1 sin 2 y 1 sin 2 y 1 cos 2 y 1 0
2 1 sin 2 y 1 cos 2 y 1 0
2 1 sin 2 y 1 0
cos 2 y 1 0
+ + + + + + =
(
+ + + + =

+ + =

+ =

Bi 2. Gii phng trnh: ( )
y sinx 1+sinx
4 2 cos xy 2 0 + = .
HD: phng trnh ( )
y sinx 1+sinx
4 2 cos xy 2 0 + =
( ) ( )
2
y sinx 2
2 cos xy 2 cos xy 0
(
( + =

Ta c ( )
2
sinx
2 cos xy 0 (

v
( )
( )
y
y 2
2
2 1
2 cos xy 0
cos xy 1

Do ( ) ( )
2
y sinx 2
2 cos xy 2 cos xy 0
(
( +

Vy phng trnh
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
sinx sinx
y y 2 2
2 cos xy 0 2 cos xy 1

2 cos xy 0 2 cos xy 0 2
= =

= =

( )
( )
( )
y
2
2
y 0
2 1
2 y 0.
cos x.0 1
cos xy 1
= =

=

=
=

Thay vo (1) ta c x k = .
( )
2x 1 3 2x
2
3
8
2 2
log 4x 4x 4
+
+ =
+
.
HD: Ta c ( )
2
2
4x 4x 4 2x 1 3 3 + = + nn
( )
2
3
log 4x 4x 4 1 +
Suy ra
( )
2
3
8
8
log 4x 4x 4

+
(1)
Mt khc
2x 1 3 2x 2x 1 3 2x 2x 1 3 2x
2 2 2 2 .2 2 2 8
+ + + +
+ = = (2)
( )
2 2
3 3
log x x 1 log x 2x x + + = .
HD: iu kin x 0. > Phng trnh
( )
2 2
3 3
log x x 1 log x 2x x + + =
( )
2
3
1
log x 1 1 x 1
x
| |
+ + = +
|
\

Ta c

3
1 1 1
x 2 x 1 3 log x 1 1
x x x
| |
+ + + + +
|
\

( )
2
1 x 1 1 +
Vy phng trnh
( )
3
2
1
log x 1 1
x
x 1
1 x 1 1
| |
+ + =
|
\ =
+ =
.
Nhn xt: Bi ton tng ng l gii phng trnh
2
2
2
1
3
x x
x x
x
+ +
= .
( ) 2 3
1
log x 2 4 log 8
x 1
| |
+ = +
|
\
.
HD: iu kin x 2 > .

( ) 2
x 2 4 4 log x 2 4 2 + +
Vi x 2 > ta c
1 1
x 1 1 1 8 9
x 1 x 1
+

3
1
log 8 2
x 1
| |
+
|
\

( )
2 2 x x 1 2
4x 8 2 x 4 x x .2 x.2 2 x
+
+ = + + .
HD: iu kin 2 x 2 .
Phng trnh
( )
( )
( )
x 2
4 x.2 x 1 2 2 x 0 * + =
Ta c
3
x 2
2
x 2 x.2 2.2 2.2 4 < = . Do ( )
2
* x 1 2 2 x 0 + = .
2 3 4 2 2
2 2
5x 6x x x log x (x x) log x 5 5 6 x x + = + + + .
HD: iu kin
2
x 0
0 x 3
6 x x 0
>
<
.
Phng trnh
( )
( )
( )
2
2
x log x 5 6 x 1 x 0 * x + + =
Do ( )
2 2 2 2
x 3 x log x 3log 3 log 32 5 xlog x 5 0 < = <
Khi ( )
( )
2
* 6 x 1 x 0 x + + = .
2 2
sin x cos x x x
3 3 2 2 2
+ = + + .
HD: Phng trnh
2 2
x -x
2 2
sin x 1 sin x
2 2
3 3 2 2 2
+ = + +

( )( )
2
2
2 2
2
x -x 2sin x
2 2
2 2
sin x
sin x sin x 2
x -x
2 2
sin x
3 3
4 2 2 2
3
3 1 3 3
2 2
3
+
= +

| |
=
|
\

Ta c
2
2 sin x
0 sin x 1 1 3 3 . Do VT 0 VP .
3 2
2log cot x log cos x = .
HD: t
3 2
2log cot x log cos x t = = , ta c

2 t
t 2 t
t
2 t 2 t 2
t
cos x 4
cos x 2 cos x 4
4
cot x 3 cot x 3 sin x
3
cos x 0, cot x 0 cos x 0, cot x 0
cos x 0, cot x 0
=
= =

= = =

> > > >
> >

2 t
2 t
t
t
t
cos x 4
cos x 4
1
cos x 4
4 1 t 1
2
3
cos x 0, cot x 0
cos x 0, cot x 0
cos x 0, cot x 0
=
=

=

+ = =

> >
> >

> >
x k2
3
= + .
Tng qut: Dng ( ) ( ) .log .log
a b
f x g x = ta t ( ) ( ) .log .log
a b
t f x g x = =
( )
2 3 2
2 2
3x 2x log x 1 log x. = +
HD: iu kin x 0 > .
t ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 2
2 2
f x 3x 2x , g x log x 1 log x = = +
Ta c ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 2
f x 3x 2x f ' x 6x 6x ; f ' x 0 x 0, x 1 = = = = = . Lp bng
bin thin ta thy f(x) ng bin trn (0,1) v nghch bin trn ( ) 1, + . Suy ra trn
( ) 0, + , ( ) ( ) maxf x f 1 1 = = hay ( ) f x 1, x 0. >
Ta c ( ) ( )
2
2
2 2 2 2
x 1 1
g x log x 1 log x log log x
x x
| | + | |
= + = = +
| |
\
\
. Vi x 0 > , ta c
( )
2 2
1 1
x 2 csi log x log 2 1.
x x
| |
+ => + =
|
\
Suy ra ( ) g x 1, x 0. >
Vy phng trnh
( )
2 3
2
2 2
3x 2x 1

log x 1 log x 1
=

+ =

Bi 11. Gii phng trnh: ( )
2
2
x 1 x x
2 2 x 1 .

=
HD: phng trnh ( ) ( )
2
x 1 x x 2
2 x 1 2 x x

+ = + .
t
2
u x 1; v x x. = = Khi phng trnh c dng
u v
2 u 2 v + = + .
Xt hm s ( )
t
f t 2 t = + , hm ny ng bin v lin tc trn .
Vy phng trnh ( ) ( )
2
f u f v u v x 1 x x x 1 = = = = .
x x x
2009 2011 2.2010 + = .
HD: Gi
0
x l mt nghim ca phng trnh cho. Ta c
( )
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x x x x x x
2009 2011 2.2010 2009 2010 2010 2011 * + = =
Xt hm s ( ) ( )
0
0
x
x
F t t t 1 = + . Khi (*) ( ) ( ) F 2009 F 2010 = .
V F(t) lin tc trn [ ] 2009, 2010 v c o hm trong khong ( ) 2009, 2010 , do
theo nh l Lagrange tn ti ( ) c 2009, 2010 sao cho
( )
( ) ( )
( )
0
0
x 1
0 x 1
0
0
x 0 F 2010 F 2009
F' c x . c c 1 0
x 1 2010 2009
=
(
= + =

=

Th li
0 0
x 0, x 1 = = thy ng. Vy nghim ca phng trnh l
0 0
x 0, x 1 = = .
Nhn xt: Bi ton tng t
1)
cos x cos x cos x cos x
3 2 cosx 3 2 3cosx 2cosx = = .
2)
3 3
log x log x
4 2 2x + = . t
u
3
u log x x 3 = = . Phng trnh
u u u
4 2 2.3 + = .
Lu : Bi ton trn ta s dng nh l Lagrange: Nu hm s ( ) y f x = lin tc trn on
[ ] ; a b v c o hm trn khong ( ) ; a b th tn ti mt im ( ) ; c a b sao cho
( )
( ) ( )
'
f b f a
f c
b a
.
2
2
3 2
x x 1
log x 3x 2
2x 2x 3
+ +
= +
+
.
HD: t ( )
2 2
u x x 1; v 2x 2x 3 u 0, v 0 = + + = + > > . Suy ra
2
v u x 3x 2. = +
Phng trnh cho tr thnh
3 3 3
u
log v u log u log v v u
v
= =

3 3
log u u log v v + = + .
Xt hm s ( )
3
f t log t t = + . Ta c
'
1
f (t) 1 0, t 0
t.ln3
= + > > nn hm s ng bin
khi t 0 > . Do phng trnh ( ) ( ) f u f v = suy ra u v = hay v u 0 = tc l
2
x 3x 2 0 x 1, x 2 + = = = . Vy phng trnh c nghim x 1, x 2 = = .
Lu : Vi phng trnh dng ( ) log , 0, 0, 1
a
u
v u u v a
v
= > > > ta thng bin i
log log log log
a a a a
u v v u u u v v = + = + . V hm s ( ) log
a
f t t t = + ng bin khi 0 t > .
Suy ra u v = .
cos x sinx
2 2 3 + = .
HD: p dng BT Becnuli m rng: ( ) 1 1 t t
+ vi
[ ]
0, 0,1 t >
T phng trnh suy ra:
[ ]
sinx, cos x 0,1 . Suy ra
x k2; k2
2
(
+
(

Theo Becnuli: ( )
cos x
2 1 2 cos x 1 +
( )
sinx
2 1 2 sinx 1 +
Suy ra ( )
cos x sinx
2 2 sinx cos x 2 + + +
Suy ra ( ) ( )
cos x sinx
2 2 min sinx cos x 2 min sinx cos x 2 ( + + + = + +

M: ( ) min sinx cos x 1 + = vi
x k2; k2
2
(
+
(

.
Do
cos x sinx
2 2 3 + . Du '' '' = xy ra khi v chi khi
sinx 1
cosx 0
=
hoc
sinx 0
cosx 1
=

Ta c th dng cc phng php bin i nh i vi gii phng trnh v s dng
cc cng thc sau
HAM SO Mt
0 a 1 < <

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
f x g x
f x g x
a a f x g x
a a f x g x
> <

(nghch bin)

a 1 >

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
f x g x
f x g x
a a f x g x
a a f x g x
> >

(ng bin)
HAM SO LOGAHIT
( )
a
log f x c ngha
( )
0 a 1

f x 0
<

>

( ) ( )
b
a
log f x b f x a = =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
a a
f x g x
log f x log g x
0 a 1
=
=

<

0 a 1 < <

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
a a
a a
log f x log g x 0 f x g x
> < <
<
(nghch bin)

a 1 >

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
a a
a a
> < >
<
(ng bin)
Tng qut ta c:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
a a
a 0
log f x log g x f x 0; g x 0
a 1 f x g x 0
>
> > >
( >

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
a a
a 0
log f x log g x f x 0; g x 0
a 1 f x g x 0
>
> >
(

CHt1EN E 2. HAT PHtONG THNH
Mt LOGAHIT
1. PHtONG PHAP tA E CtNG CO SO
V d 1. Gii bt phng trnh:
2
x x 1
x 2x
1
3
3

| |
|
\

Li gii:
- iu kin: x 0 hoc x 2 .
- Khi bt phng trnh tng ng vi
2
x x 1 x 2x 2
3 3 x 2x x x 1

(1)
+ Nu x 0 th x 1 1 x = , khi bpt ( )
2
1 x 2x 2x 1 (ng v x 0)
+ Nu x 2 th x 1 x 1 = , khi bpt ( )
2
1 x 2x 1

2
x 1 2
x 2x 1 0
x 1 2

- Kt hp vi iu kin ta c x 1 2 + .

( )
2
x
log 5x 8x 3 2 + >
Li gii:
- Bt phng trnh trn tng ng vi
2 2 2
2
2 2
2
0 x 1
0 x 1 0 x 1
1 3
x
1
5x 8x 3 x 4x 8x 3 0
2 2
x
2
3 5x 8x 3 0 3
x x 1 x x 1
5 5
x 1
x 1 x 1
5x 8x 3 x
1 3 4x 8x 3 0
x x
2 2

< <
< < < <

< <

+ < + <

<

+ >

< > < >

>
> >
+ >
+ >
< >

3
5
3
x
2
<
>

Lu : Vi bt phng trnh dng ( )
( )
log
f x
g x a > , ta xt hai trng hp ca c s
( ) 0 1 f x < < v ( ) 1 . f x <

( )
2
3 3
log x log x
3 x 6 +
Li gii:
- iu kin: x 0 >
- Ta s dng php bin i
( )
( )
2
3
3 3 3
log x
log x log x log x
3 3 x = = . Khi bt phng trnh tng ng
vi
3 3 3
log x log x log x
x x 6 x 3 + .
- Ly lgarit c s 3 hai v, ta c:
( )
3
log x
3 3 3 3
log x log 3 log x.log x 1
( )
2
3 3
1
log x 1 1 log x 1 x 3.
3

- Vy phng trnh c nghim
1
x 3
3
.

1 2
3
1 2x
log log 0
1 x
+ | |
>
|
+
\

Li gii:
2
2
1 2x 1 2x x
log 0 1 0
x 1 x 0
1 x 1 x 1 x
x 0
1 2x 1 2x 1 x 1
log 1 2 0
1 x 1 x 1 x
+ +
> > >

< > + + +
>

+ + >

< < <

+ + +

- Vy x 0 > l nghim ca bt phng trnh.
HAI TAP
Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
1)
2
0,7 6
x x
log log 0
x 4
| | +
<
|
+
\

2) ( ) 2
3x x
log 3 x 1
>
3)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1 25
5 5
5 25
log x 5 3log x 5 6log x 5 4log x 50 2 0 + + +

2. PHtONG PHAP AT AN PHt
x x 2
x x
2.3 2
1
3 2
+

Li gii:
- iu kin x 0 .
- Chia c t v mu cho
x
2 , ta c:
x
x x 2
x x x
3
2. 4
2.3 2 2
1 1
3 2
3
1
2
+
| |

|
| |

|
\

- t
( )
x
3
t , 0 t 1
2
| |
= <
|
\
. Khi bt phng trnh tng ng vi
2t 4
1 0
t 1

x
3
2
t 3 3
0 1 t 3 1 3 0 x log 3
t 1 2
| |
< < <
|
\

- Vy bt phng trnh c nghim
3
2
0 x log 3 < .

V d 2. Gii bt phng trnh: ( ) ( )
3
4 2 2
2 1 2 1 2
2 2
x 32
log x log 9log 4log x
8 x
| |
| |
+ <
| |
\
\

Li gii:
- iu kin x 0 > .
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) [ ] [ ] ( )
1 1
3
4 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2
4 3 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
4 2
2 2 2 2
x 32
log x log 9log 4log x
8 x
log x log x log 8 9 log 32 log x 4log x
log x 3log x 3 9 5 2log x 4log x

| |
| |
+ <
| |
\
\
( ( + <

+ <

- t ( )
2
t log x = , bt phng trnh trn tng ng vi

4 2 2
2
2
t 13t 36 0 4 t 9
1 1
3 log x 2 3 t 2 x
8 4
2 log x 3 2 t 3
4 x 8
+ < < <

< < < < < <

< < < <
< <

- Vy bt phng trnh c nghim ( )
1 1
, 4, 8
8 4
| |
|
\
.

2x 10 3 x 2 x 5 1 3 x 2
5 4.5 5
+
<
Li gii:
- t
x 5 3 2
X 5 0, Y 5 0
x
= > = > .Khi bt phng trnh c dng
2
X
4X 5Y
Y
< (1)
- Do Y 0 > nn

( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2
x 5 1 3 x 2
1 X 4XY 5Y X 4XY 5Y 0 X Y X 5Y 0
X 5Y 0 X 5Y 5 5
x 5 1 3 x 2 x 6 3 x 2
+
< < + <
< < <
< + <

- Bt phng trnh trn tng ng vi hai h sau
( )
x 2 0
I 2 x 6
x 6 0

<
<

( )
( ) ( )
2 2
x 6 0
x 6 x 6
II 6 x 18
x 21x 54 0 3 x 18 9 x 2 x 6

<

+ < < < >

- Vy bt phng trnh c nghim l: 2 x 18 < .
HAI TAP
1)
( ) ( )
x x
x
1
5 1 5 1 2
4
+ + =
2)
( )
2 2 2
2 1 4
2
log x log x 3 5 log x 3 + >
3)
2x x x 4 x 4
3 8.3 9.9 0
+ + +
> .

3. PHtONG PHAP St DtNG TNH ON IEt CtA HAM SO
( ) 5 4
log 3 x log x + >
Li gii:
- iu kin x 0 > .
- t
t
4
t log x x 4 = = , bt phng trnh tr thnh
( )
t
5
log 3 2 t + >

t
t t
t
3 2
3 2 5 1
5 5
| |
+ > + >
|
\

- Hm s
( )
t
t
3 2
t
5 5
f
| |
= +
|
\
nghch bin trn v ( ) 1 1. f =
- Bt phng trnh tr ( ) ( ) t 1 t 1 f f > < , ta c
4
log x 1 0 x 4. < < <
Bin son: GV HUNH C KHNH
- Vy bt phng trnh c nghim l: 0 x 4 < < .

2
2
3 2
x x 1
log x 3x 2
2x 2x 3
+ +
> +
+

Li gii:
- t ( )
2 2
u x x 1; v 2x 2x 3 u 0, v 0 = + + = + > > . Suy ra
2
v u x 3x 2 = + .
- Bt phng trnh cho tng ng vi
( )
3 3 3 3 3
u
log v u log u log v v u log u u log v v 1
v
= = + > +
- Xt hm s ( ) ( )
'
3
1
t log t t, ta co: t 1 0, t 0
t ln3
f f = + = + > > nn hm s ng bin khi
t 0. > T (1) ta c ( ) ( ) f u f v u v > >

2 2
2
x x 1 2x 2x 3
x 3x 2 0
1 x 2.
+ + > +
+ <
< <

- Vy bt phng trnh c nghim l: 1 x 2 < < .
Lu :
1. Vi bt phng trnh dng log log
a b
u v < , ta thng gii nh sau:
t log
a
t u = (hoc log
b
t v = ) a v bt phng trnh m v s dng chiu bin thin ca
hm s.
2. Vi bt phng trnh dng log log log
a a a
u
v u u u v v
v
< + < + . Ta xt hm s
( ) log
a
f t t t = + ng bin khi 0 t > , suy ra ( ) ( ) . f u f v u v < <
HAI TAP
1)
( )
3 x
6 64
log x x log x +
2)
x x x
2.2 3.3 6 1. + >
3)
x x x x
16 3 4 9 . < +

4. PHtONG PHAP E O TH|
V d . Gii bt phng trnh:
x
5 x
log
5 x
0
2 3x 1
+
<
+

Li gii:
- Bt phng trnh trn tng ng vi hai h
( )
x
5 x
log 0
I 5 x
2 3x 1 0
+
>
+ <
v ( )
x
5 x
log 0
II 5 x
2 3x 1 0
+
<
+ >

- Gii h (I)
+
5 x 5 x 2x
log 0 1 0 0 x 5
5 x 5 x 5 x
+ +
> > > < <

+
x
2 3x 1 < , ta v th ca hai hm s
x
y 2 = v y 3x 1 = trn cng mt h trc to .
Khi ta c nghim l 1 x 3. < <
- Do h (I) c nghim 1 x 3. < <
- Gii h (II)
+
5 x 5
5 x 5
5 x 5 x
log 0 0 1 5 x 0
2x
x 0 x 5 5 x 5 x 0
5 x
< <
< < + +
< < < < <

< > <

.
+
x
2 3x 1 > x 1 < hoc x 3 > .
- Do h (II) c nghim 5 x 0. < <
- Vy bt phng trnh c nghim ( 5, 0) (1, 3) .
HAI TAP
Gii bt phng trnh sau:
1 x
x
2 2x 1
0
2 1
.

S. MOT SO PHtONG PHAP NHAC
( ) 2 3
1
log x 2 4 log 8
x 1
| |
+ +
|
\

Li gii:
- iu kin x 2.
- Ta c nhn xt sau:
+
( ) 2
x 2 4 4 log x 2 4 2 VT 2. + +
+
1
x 2 x 1 1 x 1 1 1
x 1

3
1 1
8 9 log 8 2 VP 2
1 1 x x
| |
+ +
|

\

- Vy bt phng trnh c nghim khi v ch khi
VT 2
x 2 0
x 2
VP 2
x 2
=
=
=

=
=

.
- Vy bt phng trnh c nghim duy nht x = 2.
( )
x
x 9
log log 3 9 1
(
<

Li gii:
-
( )
x
9
log 3 9 c ngha, ta cn c
x x 2
3 9 3 3 x 2. > > >
- Vi iu kin trn bt phng trnh cho tng ng vi
( )
( )
9 x x
9
x 2
3x 9 1
log 3x 9 0
3 9 9
log 3x 9 x
>
>
>

<
<

- t ( )
x
3 t, t 0 = > , ta c h
x
3 2
t 10
t 0 3 10 x log 10
t t 9 0
>
> > >
+ >
.
( )
2 3 4 2 2
2 2
5x 6x x x log x x x log x 5 5 6 x x + > + + +
Li gii:
- iu kin:
2
x 0
0 x 3
6 x x 0
>
<

- Bt phng trnh cho tng ng vi ( )
( )
( )
2
2
x log x 5 6 x x 1 x 0 * + + >
- Do
2 2 2
x 3 xlog x 3log 3 log 32 5 < = . Vy khi 0 x 3 < th
2
xlog x 5 0, < do
( )
2
2
0 x 3
0 x 3
5
* x 3
2x 3x 5 0 2
6 x x 1 x 0
<
<
<

>
+ + <

- Vy nghim
5
x 3.
2
<
( )
2 2 x x 1 2
4x 8 2 x 4 x x .2 x.2 2 x
+
+ > + +
Li gii:
- iu kin: 2 x 2 (1)
- Bt phng trnh tng ng vi
( )
( )
x 2
4 x.2 x 1 2 2 x 0 + > (2)
- T (1) ta c
3
x 2
2
x 2 x.2 2.2 2.2 4. < = . Do (2) tng ng vi

2
2
2 x 2
2 2 x 1 x
x 1 2 2 x 0
>
+ >
(3)
- (3) tng ng vi hai h sau
+ ( )
2
2 x 0
I : 1 x 2
1 x 0

<
<

+ ( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
x 1
1 x 0
x 1
II : 1 x 1
7
5x 2x 7 0 4 2 x 1 x 1 x
5

< > < <

- Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x 1; 2 .
(

( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
log x 1 log 3 2x
>
+

Li gii:
- iu kin:
1 x 0 3
0 x 1 1 1 x

2
3
0 3 2x 1 1 x
x 0;1
2
<
< + < <

< <

( )
2
log x 1 0 x 1 1 x 0. + > + > >
( )
2
log 3 2x 0 3 2x 1 x 1. > > <
- Ta c bng xt du

- T ta c cc trng hp sau
+ TH1: Vi 1 x 0 < < th VT 0, VP 0 < > suy ra bt phng trnh v nghim
+ TH2: Vi 0 x 1 < < th VT 0, VP 0. > > Khi bt phng trnh tng ng vi
( ) ( )
2 2
log x 1 log 3 2x 3 2x x 1 0 x 1. + < > + < <
log
2
(3-2x)
x
-1
0 1
- + +
+
+ -
2
3

log
2
(x+1)
+ TH3: Vi
3
1 x
2
< < th VT 0, VP 0, > < bt phng trnh c nghim vi mi
3
1 x
2
< < .
- Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l { }
3
0 x \ 1
2
| |
< <
|
\
.
Lu : Vi bt phng trnh dng
1 1
log log
a b
u v
> , ta thng gii nh sau:
+ Lp bng xt du ca log
a
u v log
b
v trong tp xc nh ca bt phng trnh.
+ Trong tp xc nh nu log
a
u v log
b
v cng du th bt phng trnh tng ng
vi log log .
a b
u v <
V d 6. Trong cc nghim ( ) x; y ca bt phng trnh ( ) 2 2
x 2y
log 2x y 1
+
+ , ch ra cc
nghim c tng ( ) 2x y + ln nht.
Li gii:
- Bt phng trnh trn tng ng vi hai h sau

( )
2 2
2 2
0 x 2y 1
I :
2x y x 2y
2x y 0
< + <
+ +
+ >
v ( )
2 2
2 2
x 2y 1
II :
2x y x 2y
+ >
+ +

- R rng nu ( ) x; y l nghim ca bt phng trnh th tng ( ) 2x y + ln nht ch xy ra khi
n l nghim ca h ( ) II
( )
( )
2 2
2
2
x 2y 1
II
1 9
x 1 2y
8 2 2
+ >

| |
+
|
\

- Ta c ( )
1 1 9
2x y 2 x 1 2y
4 2 2 2
| |
+ = + +
|
\
.
- p dng bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki cho hai b s
1
x 1; 2y
2 2
| |

|
\
v
1
2;
2
| |
|
\
, ta c
( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 1 1 1 9 9 81
2 x 1 2y x 1 2y 4 .
2 8 2 16 2 2 2 2 2
(
( | | | | | |
+ + + = (
( | | |
\ \ \ (

( )
9 1 1 9 9
2 x 1 2y 0 2x y
4 4 2 2 2 2
| |
+ < +
|
\

- Du '' '' = xy ra khi v ch khi
9
2x y
2
x 2
9 1
2x y 2y
1
x 1 2 y 2 2
2
1
2
2
+ =
=

+ =

=

=

- Vi
1
x 2, y
2
= = tho mn bt phng trnh
2 2
x 2y 1. + >
- Vy trong cc nghim ca bt phng trnh th nghim
1
2;
2
| |
|
\
l nghim c tng ( ) 2x y +
ln nht bng
9
.
2

HAI TAP
Gii bt phng trnh sau:
1)
( ) ( )
x
x 3
log log 9 72 1
2)
( )
( )
3
a
a
log 35 x
3
log 5 x
>
vi 0 a 1 < .
3)
( )
2
1
1
3
3
1 1
log x 1
log 2x 3x 1
>
+
+
.
4) Trong cc nghim ( ) x; y ca bt phng trnh ( ) 2 2
x y
log x y 1
+
+ . Tm nghim c tng
( ) x 2y + ln nht.

HAI TAP Lt1EN TAP
1)
( ) ( )
x 1 x 3
x 3 x 1
10 3 10 3
+
+
< + (Hc vin GTVT nm 1998)

2)
( )
2
1
1
3
3
1 1
log x 1
log 2x 3x 1
>
+
+
(H Quc gia TPHCM 1999)
3)
( ) ( )
2 2
4 2
1 log 2x 3x 2 log 2x 3x 2 + + + > + + (H Thu li 1999)
4)
2 3 2 3
log x log x 1 log x.log x + < + (H NT 1998)
5)
3
2x 3
log 1
1 x
| |
<
|
\
(H SP Vinh 1998)
6)
x
1
log x 2
4
| |

|
\
(H Hu 1998)
7)
3
x 2
log
x
5 1
< (H ngn hng TPHCM 1998)

8) ( )
2
3 1 1
3 3
1
log x 5x 6 log x 2 log x 3
2
+ + > (H Bch khoa H Ni)
9)
( )
( )
2
2
2
log x 9x 8
2
log 3 x
+
<
(H Tng hp TPHCM 1964)

10)
1
log x x 2
4
| |

|
\
(H Hu 1998)
11)
( )
x x
2
log 7.10 5.25 2x 1 > + (H Thy sn 1999)
12)
( )
( )
3
loga 35 x
3
loga 5 x
>
(H Y DC TPHCM)
13)
1 x x 1 x
8 2 4 2 5
+ +
+ + >
14)
x 1 x x 1
15.2 1 2 1 2
+ +
+ +
15)
2 1
1
x x
1 1
3. 12
3 3
+
| | | |
+ >
| |
\ \

16)
x x x
2.14 3.49 4 0 +
17)
( ) ( )
x 1
x 1
x 1
5 2 5 2
+
+
18)
( )
x x x
2 5 24 5 7 5 7 + +
19)
( ) ( )
x 3 x 1
x 1 x 3
10 3 10 3
+
+
+ <
20)
( ) ( )( ) ( )
x x
2 3 7 4 3 2 3 4. 2 3 + + + > +
21)
( ) ( )
2x 1 2x 1
2. 3 11 2 3 11 4 3

+ +
22)
2
2 x 2 x x
3 5x 2x 3x 3x.5 . 3 5x 2x 9 .5

+ + > + +
23)
2 x 2 2 x
3x 5x 2 2x 3 .2x. 3x 5x 2 4x .3 + + > + +
24)
2 3
3
log log x 3 1 <
25)
( ) ( )
x
x 9
log log 3 9 1
26)
( ) ( )
x x 2
5 5 5
log 4 144 4log 2 1 log 2 1
+ < + +
27)
( ) x
x
2
3 2
log 3 2 2.log 2 3 0
+
+ + >
28)
2
2x
x
log 64 log 16 3 +
29)
( ) 2
2
2
2 x 3
1 1 1
log x 6 2 log
2 12 64
+
< +
30)
( )
( )
2
3
3
1 1
log x 1
log 2x 3x 1
>
+
+

31)
( ) ( ) 3x 5 6x 2
log 4 log 16 0

32)
( )
2
lg x 3x 2
2
lg x lg 2
+
>
+

33)
( ) ( )
2 3
2 3
2
log x 1 log x 1
0
x 3x 4
+ +
>

34)
( ) ( )
2 2
x
2 2
2 x 7x 12 1 14x 2x 24 . log
x x
| | | |
+ + +
| |
\ \

35)
( )
( )
2
2
2
log x 9x 8
2
log 3 x
+
<

36)
2 7 2 7
log x 2log x 2 log x.log x + +
37) ( ) ( )
2 2
x 1 x
2 2
2 cos x.log x 6 2cos x 2 .log x 6
+
+ + + +
38)
1 1
x x
6 6
1
log 3.4 2.9 log 5
x

| |
+ + =
|
\

39)
( )
2 2 2
2 1 4
2
log x log x 3 5 log x 3 + >
40)
2 2
1 1
4 x
log 3 log 1
x 2
>

41)
( )
2 2
2 2
log x 3 x 1 2log x 0 + +
42) ( ) ( )
25 5 1
5
1
2log x 1 log .log x 1
2x 1 1
(

(

43)
( ) ( )
2 2
4 2
log 2x 3x 2 1 log 2x 3x 2 + + + > + +
44)
( )
2
log x 1
2
3 1
2 3
x
log log 2 3
2
1
1
3
(
| |
( + + |
|
(
\
| |

|
\

45)
( )
( )
2 2
2 3
log x 5x 5 1 log x 5x 7 2 + + + +
46)
2
x
4x 2 1
log
x 2 2
| |
|
|
\

47)
( ) ( )
x x 2
5 5 5
log 4 144 4log 2 1 log 2 1
+ < + +
48)
( )
2
x 3
log 5x 18x 16 2 + >
49)
( ) ( )
2 2
4 2
log 2x 3x 2 1 log 2x 3x 2 + + + > + +
50)
1 3 x 3 x 1 3 x
8 2 4 2 5
+ +
+ + > .
51)
2 2
3
2 2
x x 1 x x 1
x 1 2x 1
log log
2x 1 x 1
+
| | + + | |
>
| |
+ +
\
\

52)
( ) 2 3
log 1 x log x + >
53)
( )
2 x 1 2 x 2 2 x x 1
3 x 2 2 3x 2 2

+ + > + +

54)
( ) ( ) ( )
x 1 2 1 x 2 2 x
2 5x 11 2 x 24 x 1 x 9 2
+
+ + <

55)
2x x x 4 x 4
3 8.3 9.9 0
+ + +

56) ( ) ( )
2 3 5 7
log log x log log x

57)
( ) ( )
2 2
9 3
log 3x 4x 2 1 log 3x 4x 2 + + + > + +
58)
1 1
2
2 2 2
log x log x
log x
3 x 2 6x + > .

---------- HT ----------

1. PHtONG PHAP HIEN OI TtONG tONG
- t iu kin cho cc biu thc trong h c ngha
- S dng cc php th nhn c t h mt phng trnh theo n x hoc y (i khi l theo
c hai n x v y)
V d 1. Gii h phng trnh:
( )
1 4
4
2 2
1
log y x log 1
y
x y 25
+ =

Li gii:
- iu kin:
y 0
y x
>
>

- Vi iu kin trn h tng ng vi
( )
4 4
2 2
log y x log y 1
x y 25
+ =
+ =

( ) ( )
4 4
2
2 2 2 2
2
4x x 3
y
3 log y log y x .4 y y x .4
x 3

x y 25 x y 25 4x
4x
x 25
y
3
3
=
=

= =
=

+ = + = | |

+ =
=
|

\

+ Vi x 3 = suy ra y 4 = (tmk)
+ Vi x 3 = suy ra y 4 = (khng tmk)
- Vy h c nghim ( ) ( ) x; y 3; 4 = .

x y
x y
2 .3 12
3 .2 18
=

Li gii:
- Lgarit c s 2 c hai v ca hai phng trnh trong h ta c
2 2
2 2
x y.log 3 2 log 3
x.log 3 y 1 2.log 3
+ = +
+ = +

y l h phng trnh bc nht hai n
- Ta c
2 2
2
2
1 log 3
D 1 log 3 0
log 3 1
= =

2 2 2
x 2
2
2 log 3 log 3
D 2 2log 3
1 2log 3 1
+
= =
+

2 2
y 2
2 2
1 2 log 3
D 1 log 3
log 3 1 2log 3
+
= =
+

CHt1EN E 3. HE PHtONG THNH
HAT PHtONG THNH
Mt LOGAHIT
- Suy ra h c nghim
x
y
D
x 2
D
D
y 1
D
= =
= =
.
( )
3 2
2 2 2
2log y log x 1
log y log x 1 .log 3
= +

Li gii:
- iu kin: x 0, y 0. > >
- H phng trnh trn tng ng vi
3 2
2
2
2
2log y log x 1
log y
log x 1
log 3
= +

3 2 2
3 2 3
2log y log x 1 log x 3 x 9

log y log x 1 log 2 y 8 y
= + = =

= = =

- Vy h phng trnh c nghim ( ) ( ) x; y 9; 8 = .

2 4 4
3 9 9
4 16 16
log x log y log z 2
log y log x log z 2
log z log x log y 2
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =

Li gii:
- iu kin: x 0, y 0, z 0 > > > .
- Khi h phng trnh cho tng ng
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 4
2
4
4 4 4
2 2 2 4
9 9 9 9
2
2 2 4
16 16 16
16
log x yz 2 x yz 2
log x log y log z 2
log y log x log z 2 log xy z 2 xy z 3
log z log x log y 2
log xyz 2 xyz 4

= =
+ + =

+ + = = =

+ + =
= =

- T suy ra ( )
4
4 4 4 4
xyz 2 .3 .4 24 = = v xyz 0 > nn xyz 24 = . T suy ra
2 27 32
x ; y ; z .
3 8 3
= = =

V d 5. Tm k h bt phng trnh c nghim:
( )
3
3
2
2 2
x 1 3x k 0 (1)
1 1
log x log x 1 1 (2)
2 3
<

Li gii:
- T bt phng trnh (2) trong h suy ra ( )
3
x 1 0 x 1. > >
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 log x log x 1 1 log ( 1) 1 x x 1 2 1 x 2 x x + <
- Vi 1 x 2 < th ( ) ( )
3
1 x 1 3x k < .
- Xt hm s ( ) ( )
3
x x 1 3x f = vi 1 x 2 < .
( ) ( )
2
' x 3x 6x, ' x 0 x 0 x 2 f f = = = =
Ta c bng bin thin

T bng bin thin ta suy ra k 5 .
HAI TAP
Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
1)
( )
2 3
9 3
x 1 2 y 1
3log 9x log y 3
+ =
2)
( ) ( )
x y
y x
2 3
4 32
log x y 1 log x y
+
= +

3)
( )
2 3
9 3
x 1 2 y 1
3log 9x log y 3
+ =
4)
( )
( ) ( )
x 2y
x y
2 2
1
3
3
log x y log x y 4

| |
=
|
\
+ =

5)
( )
y
3
3 4 x
x 1 1 3
x
y log x 1

+ =
+ =
6)
3x 2
x x 1
x
2 5y 4y
4 2
y
2 2
+
=
+
=
+

7)
8 8
log y log x
4 4
x y 4
log x log y 1
+ =
8)
y x x 1
x 2y 10
= +
+ =

9)
4 2
x 4 y 3 0
log x log y 0
+ =
10)
( )
2 2
2
4 2
log x y 5
2log x log y 4
+ =
+ =

11)
x y
2 .4 64
x y 3
=
+ =
12)
( )
x y
5
3 .2 1152
log x y 2
+ =

13)
x y 12
x y 12
x y
y x
+
+
=

2. PHtONG PHAP AT AN PHt
- t iu kin cho cc biu thc trong h c ngha
- La chn n ph bin i h ban u v cc h i s bit cch gii.
- Ta thng t cc bin:
(x)
( y)
u a
v b
f
g
=
. a h vi cc bin x, y thnh h vi cc bin u, v

thng gp (i xng loi 1, loi 2, ng cp..)

( ) ( )
2 2
5 3
9x 4y 5
log 3x 2y log 3x 2y 1
=
+ =

Li gii:
-3
x
-
0 1
2
+
y
+ - - 0 + 0
y
-5
-
+
- iu kin:
3x 2y
3x 2y
>
>

- H trn tng ng vi
( )( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
5 3
3x 2y 3x 2y 5 1
log 3x 2y log 3. 3x 2y 2
+ =
( + =

.
- t ( ) ( )
5 3
t log 3x 2y log 3. 3x 2y ( = + =

, suy ra
t
t 1
3x 2y 5
3x 2y 3

+ =

- Thay vo phng trnh (1) trong h ta c ( )
t
t t 1
5 .3 5 15 15 t 1
= = = .
- Do ta c h
3x 2y 5 x 1

3x 2y 1 y 1
+ = =

= =

(tmk)
Lu : Vi h phng trnh dng
( ) ( )
[ ] [ ]
2 2
a a
x x k
log (x) (x) log (x) (x)
f g
f g f g
+ =
, thng thng ta gii

theo hng: t ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
a
t log x x log x x
a
f g f g ( ( = + =

, suy ra ( ) ( )
t
x x a f g + = v
( ) ( )
t
x x a . f g = Thay vo phng trnh u trong h ta tm c t.
( ) ( )
logx log y
log7 log5
5 7
7x 5y
=

Li gii:
- iu kin: x 0, y 0 > >
- Ly logarit theo c s 10 c hai v ta c
( ) ( )
log x.log5 log y.log7
l og7 log x log7 log5 log y log5
=
+ = +

- t u logx, v logy = = . Khi h c dng
2 2
u.log5 v.log7 0
u.log7 v.log5 log 5 log 7
=

- Ta c
2 2
log5 log7
D log 7 log 5
log7 log5
= =

( )
2 2
u 2 2
0 log7
D log 5 log 7 .log7
log 5 log 7 log5
= =

( )
2 2
v 2 2
log5 0
D log 5 log 7 .log5
log7 log 5 log 7
= =

- D thy D 0 nn h c nghim duy nht
u
v
D
u log7
D
D
v log5
D
= =
= =
, suy ra
1
x
7
1
y
5
.
- Vy h c mt nghim
1
x
7
1
y
5

( )
3
3
log 2
log xy
2 2
4 2 xy (1)
x y 3x 3y 12 (2)
= +
+ =

Li gii:
- iu kin: x.y 0 >
- Nhn xt
b b
log c log a
a c = , phng trnh (1) tng ng vi
( )
3
3
log xy
log xy 2
2 2 2 = +
- t ( )
3
log xy
t 2 t 0 = > ta c
( )
2 2
t 1 loai
t 2 t t t 2 0
t 2
=
= + =

=

- Vi t 2 = th
3
log xy 1 = hay xy 3 = .
- Bin i phng trnh (2) thnh ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
x y 6
x y 3 x y 18 0
x y 3
+ =
+ + =

+ =

- Nh vy, ta c hai h
x y 6
x.y 3
+ =
v
x y 3
x.y 3
+ =

- Vy h c hai nghim
( )
3 6; 3 6 + v
( )
3 6; 3 6 + .
HAI TAP
1)
2 4
2
2 4
5log x 3log y 8
10log x log y 9
=
2)
( )
27 27 27
3
3
3
log xy 3log x.log y
3log x x
log
y 4log y
=

3)
2 2 2
3 3 3
x log 3 log y y log x
x log 12 log x y log y
+ = +
+ = +
4)
8 8
log y log x
4 4
x y 4
log x log y 1
+ =

5)
x y
2 2 8
x y 4
+ =
+ =
6)
2 3
2 3
log x 3 5 log y 5
3 log x 1 log y 1
+ =

7)
y 1 x
x y
3 2 5
4 6.3 2 0
+
=
+ =
8)
x y
2
y
log y log x 2
x 3x y 20 log x
+ =
= +

9)
2 2
2
2x 2 2x y y
2y 2 2x y
4 2 4 1
2 3.2 16
+
+ +
+ =
10)
2cot x siny
sin y 2cot x
9 3
9 81 2
+
=

11)
y x
log xy log y
2x 2y 3
+ =
12)
2
x 2lg y 3
x 3lg y 1
+ =

3. PHtONG PHAP St DtNG TNH ON IEt CtA HAM SO
x y
3
2
2
x y (1)
x
log log 4y 10 (2)
2
e e =
+ =

Li gii:
- iu kin: x, y 0 >
- Phng trnh ( ) ( )
x y
1 x y 3 e e =
- Xt hm s ( )
t
t e t f = lin tc vi mi t 0 > . Mt khc ( )
t
' t e 1 0 f = > vi mi t 0 > ,
do hm s ( ) t f ng bin khi t 0 > .
- Phng trnh (3) vit di dng ( ) ( ) x y x y. f f = =
- Th x y = vo phng trnh (2) c
3
2
2
x
log log 4x 10
2
+ =
( )
2 2 2
log x 1 2 2 3log x 10 log x 1 + + = =
- Vy h c nghim duy nht ( ) ( ) x; y 2; 2 . =

( ) ( )
2 2
ln 1 x ln 1 y x y (1)
2x 5xy y 0 (2)
+ + =
+ =

Li gii:
- iu kin: x 1, y 1 > >
- Phng trnh (1) ca h c vit li di dng: ( ) ( ) ( ) ln 1 x x ln 1 y y 3 + = +
- Xt hm s ( ) ( ) t ln 1 t t f = + , vi t ( 1; ) + . Ta c ( )
1 t
' t 1
1 t 1 t
f

= =
+ +
. Ta thy
( ) ' t 0 t 0. f = = Hm s ( ) t f ng bin trong ( ) 1; 0 v nghch bin trong ( ) 0; + .
- Ta c ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 x y f f = . Lc x y = hoc xy 0. <
+ Nu xy 0. < th v tri ca (2) lun dng. Phng trnh khng tho mn.
+ Nu x y = , thay vo phng trnh (2), ta c nghim ca h l x y 0. = =
Lu : Khi gp h phng trnh dng
( ) ( )
( )
x y
x,y 0
f f
g
=
. Ta c th tm li gii theo mt trong hai

hng sau
Hng 1: Phng trnh ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 x y 0 f f = v tm cch a v phng trnh tch.
Hng 2: Xt hm s ( ) y t f = . ta thng gp trng hp hm s lin tc trong tp xc nh
ca n.
+ Nu hm s ( ) y t f = n iu, th t (1), suy ra x y = .
+ Nu hm s ( ) y t f = c mt cc tr ti t a = th n thay i chiu bin thin mt ln khi
qua a. T (1) suy ra x y = hoc x, y nm v hai pha ca a.

V d 3. Chng minh rng vi mi a > 0, h phng trnh sau c nghim duy nht
( ) ( )
x y
ln 1 x ln 1 y (1)
y x a (2)
e e = + +

Li gii:
- iu kin: x 1, y 1 > >
- Rt y t phng trnh (2) thay vo phng trnh (1), ta c phng trnh
( ) ( ) ( )
x a x
x ln 1 x ln 1 a x 0 f e e
+
= + + + + =
( ) ( )
( )
x a
a
' x . 1 0
1 x 1 a x
f e e = + >
+ + +
, khi a 0 > v x 1. >
- Vy ( ) x f l hm s lin tc, ng bin trong ( ) 1; + . Mt khc ( )
x 1
lim x f
= ;
( )
x
lim x f
+
= + nn phng trnh ( ) x 0 f = c mt nghim trong ( ) 1; + . Vy h
phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht vi mi a 0. >
Lu : Hc sinh d mc sai lm khi thy hm s ng bin kt lun phng trnh ( ) x 0 f =
c nghim duy nht. Ta ch c th kt lun phng trnh c nghim duy nht khi hm s n
iu, lin tc v trong tp gi tr c c gi tr m v dng.

( )
( )
2 3
2 3
log x 3 log 3y
log y 3 log 3x
+ =
+ =

Li gii:
- iu kin: x; y 0 >
- H trn tng ng vi
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 3 3
2 3
log x 3 log y 3 log 3y log 3x 1
log x 3 log 3y 2
+ + =
+ =

- Phng trnh (1) tng ng vi ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 2 3
log x 3 log 3x log y 3 log 3y 3 + + = + +
- Xt hm s ( ) ( )
2 3
t log t 3 log 3t f = + + lin tc vi mi t 0 > .
Mt khc ( )
( )
1 1
' t 0, t 0
2 t 3 t.ln3
f = + > >
+
do ( ) t f ng bin vi mi t 0. >
Phng trnh (3) vit di dng ( ) ( ) x y x y. f f = = Khi h tng ng vi
( ) ( )
2 3
x y
log x 3 log 3x 4
=
+ =

- Gii (4): t ( )
2 3
u log x 3 log 3x = + =
Suy ra
u u 1 u
u 1 u u u
x 3 4 x 3 x 3 2

x 3 3 9 3.4 3x 3
+ = = + =

= + = =

Phng trnh
u u
u u
3 1
3 9 3.4 9. 3
4 4
| | | |
+ = + =
| |
\ \
.
Nhn thy hm s ( )
u u
3 1
u 9.
4 4
f
| | | |
= +
| |
\ \
l hm lin tc, nghch bin vi mi u v
( ) 1 3. f = Vi u 1 > th ( ) u 3 f < . Vi u 1 < th ( ) u 3. f >
- Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht u 1 = , suy ra x 1 = v y 1 =
- Vy h c mt nghim ( ) ( ) x; y 1; 1 . =
( )
( )
( )
2
3
2
3
2
3
x 2x 6.log 6 y x
y 2y 6.log 6 z y
z 2z 6.log 6 x z
+ =
+ =
+ =

Li gii:
- iu kin: x, y, z 6 <
- H phng trnh trn tng ng vi
( )
( )
( )
3
2
3
2
3
2
x
log 6 y (1)
x 2x 6
y
log 6 z (2)
y 2y 6
z
log 6 x (3)
z 2z 6
=
+

- Nhn xt ( )
2
x
x
x 2x 6
f =
+
l hm ng bin (v ( )
( )
2 2
6 x
' x 0
x 2x 6 x 2x 6
f

= >
+ +

vi x 6 < ) cn ( ) ( )
3
x log 6 x g = l hm nghch bin vi x 6. <
- Nu ( ) x, y, z l mt nghim ca h phng trnh ta chng minh x y z = = . Khng mt tng
qut gi s ( ) x max x, y, z = th c hai trng hp:
+ x y z (1) suy ra ( ) ( ) ( ) x y z f f f nn ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3
log 6 y log 6 z log 6 x .
Mt khc ( ) x g l hm gim nn x z y. (2). T (1) v (2) ta c x y z. = =
+ x z y. Tng t ta li c x y z. = =
- Phng trnh ( ) ( ) x x f g = c nghim duy nht x 3 = . Vy h cho c nghim duy nht
( ) ( ) x, y, z 3, 3, 3 . =
Lu : Nu h phng trnh ba n x, y, z khng thay i khi hon v vng quanh i vi x, y, z
th khng mt tnh tng qut c th gi thit ( ) max , , x x y z = .

V d 5. Hy xc nh s nghim ca h phng trnh n ( ) x, y sau
( )
( )
3 3
3 2
x y 29 1
log x.log y 1 2
+ =

Li gii:
- D thy, nu ( ) x, y l nghim ca h trn th ( ) x 1, y 1 * . > >
- t ( ) ( )
3
log x t, t 0 do * . = > Khi ,
t
x 3 = v t phng trnh (2) c
1
t
y 2 = . V th, t
phng trnh (1) ta c phng trnh n t sau:
1
t
t
9 8 29 + = (3).
- D thy s nghim ca h bng s nghim dng ca phng trnh (3).
- Xt hm s ( )
1
t
t
t 9 8 29 f = + trn ( ) 0; . + Ta c ( )
1
t
t
2
8 .ln8
' t 9 .ln9
t
f = . Trn ( ) 0; , +
hm s
1
t
y 8 .ln8 = v
2
1
y
t
= l cc hm nghch bin v ch nhn gi tr dng. V th, trn
khong ,
1
t
2
8 .ln8
y
t
= l hm ng bin trn ( ) 0; . + Suy ra ( ) ' t f l hm ng bin trn
( ) 0; . + Hn na, do ( ) ( )( )
256
1
' . ' 1 18 ln9 ln 2 ln 27 ln16 0
2
f f
| |
= <
|
\
nn tn ti ( )
0
t 0;1
sao cho ( )
0
' t 0. f = Do , ta c bng bin thin sau ca hm ( ) t f trn khong ( ) 0; +

- T , vi lu rng ( ) 1 12 0 f = , suy ra phng trnh (3) c ng 2 nghim dng. V
vy, h c tt c 2 nghim.
f(1)
t
0 t
0
1
+
f
(t) -
0
+
f(t)
+
f(t
0
)
+
HAI TAP
1)
( )
2x y 1 2x y 2x y 1
2 2
1 4 .5 1 2
x y 2
+ +
+ = +
+ =
2)
( )
( )
2 3
2 3
log sin x 3 log 3cos y
log cos y 3 log 3sin x
+ =
+ =

3)
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 3
2 2
2 3
log 1 3 1 x log 1 y 2
log 1 3 1 y log 1 x 2
+ = +
+ = +
4)
x
y
2 2x 3 y
2 2y 3 x
+ = +
+ = +

5)
x y
2 2
3 3 y x
x xy y 12
=
+ + =

4. PHtONG PHAP NHAC
Ngoi cch gii ni trn, cng ging nh phng trnh, bt phng trnh m v lgarit ta c th
nh gi hai v, s dng cc bt ng thc, dng th gii bt phng trnh, phng php s
dng iu kin cn v ..
( )( ) ( )
( )
2 2
x y log y log x 1 xy 1
xy 3y 2 0 2
= +
+ =

Li gii:
- iu kin: x 0, y 0 > >
- Xt phng trnh th nht trong h
+ Nu x y > th
2 2
log y log x < suy ra VP 0, VT 0. < > Do h v nghim.
+ Nu x y < th
2 2
log y log x > suy ra VP 0, VT 0. > < Do h v nghim.
+ Vy x y = l nghim ca phng trnh (1)
- Khi h tng ng vi
2
x y
x y x y x y 1
x 1
xy 3y 2 0 x y 2 x 3x 2 0
x 2
=
= = = =
=

+ = = = + =

=

- Vy h c hai nghim: ( ) ( ) 1;1 , 2; 2 .
V d 2. Tm m h sau c nghim
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
x y
log x y 1 1
x 2y m 2
+
+
+ =

Li gii:
- Trc ht ta biu din trn mt phng ta cc im M(x, y) tho mn (1). Ta thy (1)
tng ng vi hai h sau:
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
x y 1
x y 1
I :
1 1 1
x y x y x y
2 2 2
+ >
+ >

| | | |
+ + +
| |
\ \

( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2
x y 0 x y 0
II : 0 x y 1 0 x y 1
x y x y
1 1 1
x y
2 2 2
+ > + >

< + < < + <

+ +
| | | |

+
| |
\ \

- T suy ra chng c biu din bng
min gch trong hnh bn (trong ly
bin ca ng trn tm O
1
bn knh
2
2

v khng ly bin ca ng trn tm O
bn knh 1). im A l giao im ca
ng thng x y 0 + = vi ng trn

2 2
x y 1 + = v ch rng A l giao im
pha di nn suy ra to ca n l

2 2
x , y .
2 2
= = ng thng x 2y m + =
i qua im A khi
2
m
2
= . p dng iu kin ng thng tip xc vi ng trn ta
phi c
2
5 3
m
2 2
| |
= +
|
\
. Do tip tuyn pha trn, nn ta ly
3 10
m
2
+
= . T suy ra
ng thng x 2y m + = ct min gch ta phi c
2 3 10
m
2 2
+
< .

V d 3. Tm m h c nghim duy nht
( ) ( )
( )
x y
2 2
2 2 y x m 1 1
x y m 2
= +
+ =

Li gii:
iu kin cn
- Nu h c nghim ( )
0 0
x ; y th ( )
0 0
x ; y cng l nghim. Cho nn h c nghim duy nht
th
0 0
x x = hay
0
x 0. =
- Khi h tng ng vi
( )
( )
y
2
1 2 y 3
y m 4
=

- T phng trnh (4) suy ra y 0 . Do
y y 0
1 2 0 2 1 2 y 0 = .
- Vi y 0 = th m 0 = . chnh l iu kin cn.
iu kin
- Gi s m 0 = , khi d h c dng:
( )
( )
x y x y
2 2
2 x 2 y 5 2 2 y x

x y 0 6 x y 0

+ = + =

+ = + =

- Gii (5) xt hm s ( )
t
t 2 t f = + ng bin v lin tc trn . Do phng trnh (5) vit
l
( ) ( ) x y x y f f = = .
- Khi h c dng
2
x y
x y 0
x y 0
=
= =
+ =
l nghim duy nht ca h.

- Vy vi m 0 = th h c nghim duy nht.

x+2y=
2
2

x+y=0
x+2y=
2
10 3 +

x
y
HAI TAP
1)
( )( )
x y
2 2
2 2
log y log x xy 1
x y 1
e e = +
+ =
2)
( )( )
2 2
3 3
x y log y log x xy 2
x y 16
= +
+ =

3)
x y
2 2 1
x y 2
+
4)
( )
2
4
x 8x 12 log 7
2y 1
2
4 7
y 3 3 y 2 y 1 1
+

=

HAI TAP Lt1EN TAP

1)
( )
( )
x
y
log 6x 4y 2
log 6y 4x 2
+ =
+ =
2)
( )
( )
4
4
4 y x
4 x y
x y .3 1
8 x y 6 0
+ =
+ =

3)
( )
3
2 x
x log y 3
2y y 12 .3 81y
+ =
+ =
4)
( )
( )
3 2
x
3 2
y
log x 2x 3x 5y 3
log y 2y 3y 5x 3
+ =
+ =

5)
( )
y
log
5
2 y
y.x x
log y.log y 3x 2
x
6)
( )
( )
2
2
2
1
8y
x 1
2
x y
2 4 3 2 y x
3 7
2 x y
2 2
+
+
+
+ + =

7)
( )
( )
2
3
x 2x 3 log 5
y 4
2
3 5
4 y y 2 y 4 8

+
=
+ +
8)
( )
2 3
9 3
x 1 2 y 1
3.log 9x log y 3
+ =

9)
y
2
x y
2log x
log xy log x
y 4y 3
=
= +
10)
( )
( )
2 x
4 y
log 2 y 0
log 2x 2 0
>
>
.

---------- HT ----------

Baitap PT Mu Logarit (Co HD Giai)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Baitap PT Mu Logarit (Co HD Giai)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DANG 1.

PHtONG THNH CO HAN

= + . Nhm nghim ta c 2 nghim: x 1, x 2. = =

< < suy ra h phng trnh v nghim.

> > >

< < < <

< (H ngn hng TPHCM 1998)

(H Tng hp TPHCM 1964)

. a h vi cc bin x, y thnh h vi cc bin u, v

, thng thng ta gii

. Ta c th tm li gii theo mt trong hai

l nghim duy nht ca h.

You might also like