ACID CACBOXYLIC ESTE

-------------------------------------------------------------Chon cau tra li ung nhat trong cac cau sau ay: (e nay gom 30 cau) Cau 1: Gia tr pKa cua ba acid hu c sau: CH3COOH, ClCH2COOH, ICH2COOH giam dan theo th t: A. CH3COOH > ClCH2COOH > ICH2COOH D. ClCH2COOH > ICH2COOH > B. ICH2COOH > ClCH2COOH > CH3COOH CH3COOH C. CH3COOH > ICH2COOH > ClCH2COOH Giai: Chon cau C Tnh acid cang ln th pKa cang be ma do hieu ng I th tnh acid cua Cl CH2COOH > I CH2COOH > CH3COOH. Cau 2: Trong cac khang nh sau, khang nh khong ung la: A. Cac axit khong no thng co tnh axit manh hn cac axit no tng ng B. Cac axit thm co tnh axit manh hn cac axit no C. Tnh axit cua cac axit cacboxylic phu thuoc vao goc R (trong cong thc R(COOH)n ) D. Tat cac cac axit cacboxylic eu tan nhieu trong nc do tao c lien ket hiro lien phan t ben Giai: Chon cau D Do cac axit t C12 tr len hau nh khong tan trong nc Cau 3: ac iem cua phan ng este hoa la: A. Rat cham ieu kien thng va la phan ng thuan nghch B. Ch xay ra nhanh khi co xuc tac cua dung dch ac H2SO4 C. Phai un nong nhiet o rat cao khoang 500oC e ru hoa hi, sau o hi ru ket hp vi acit tao thanh este D. A, B, C eu ung. Giai : Chon cau A Cau B sai v phan ng cung xay ra nhanh khi co mat chat xuc tac khac Cau C sai v phan ng thc hien nhiet o cao e phan ng cong nucleophin ancol vao nhom cacboxylic (a c hoat ong hoa bang H+) va tach nc t san pham cong e c este dang proton hoa xay ra nhanh hn Cau 4: Trong phan ng este hoa muon chuyen dch can bang ve pha tao este can: A. Tang nong o cua este B. Chng cat dan este ra khoi moi trng ban au C. Dung chat xuc tac va un nong D. Ca A, B, C eu ung Giai: Chon cau B Cau A sai v can tang nong o cua 2 chat tham gia la ancol va acid cacboxylic Cau C sai v dung chat xuc tac va un nong la e phan ng mau at en trang thai can bang hay tang toc o cua phan ng, khong phai la dch chuyen can bang Cau 5: Biet rang acid cacboxylic khong tac dung trc tiep vi phenol tao thanh este. Muon ieu che este cua phenol can dung cho phenol tac dung vi: A. Clorua acid C. Dung dch ancol bao hoa O2 B. Anhirit acid D. A, B eu ung Giai: Chon cau D Cau 6: Xet cac phan ng sau: Trang: 1

A. B.

80 o (1) CH3COOAg + Br2 CH3Br + CO2 + AgBr CaO, nhiet (2) CH3COONa + NaOH(nong chay) CH4 + Na2CO3 xuc tac acid (3) CH2 = CH COOH + H2O CH2OH CH2 COOH Trong cac phan ng tren, so phan ng trong o chat hu c tham gia ch ong vai tro chat kh la: A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 Giai: Chon cau A V cac chat hu c tham gia (1), (2) va la chat kh va la chat oxi hoa, soh trung bnh cua C trong phan ng (3) khong oi Cau 7: Tong he so can bang nguyen dng toi gian nhat cua phan ng oxi hoa kh sau: n Butan + O2 xt, 180 o, P = 50atm CH3COOH + H2O la: A. 8 C. 10 D. A, B, C eu B. 9 sai Giai: Chon cau C 2C4H10 + 5O2 xt, 180 o ,P=50atm 2CH3COOH + H2O Cau 8: Acid salixilic con c goi la: A. Acid o-hiroxibenzoic B. Acid m-hiroxibenzoic C. Acid p-hiroxibenzoic D. A, B, C eu sai Giai: Chon cau A v acid salixilic co cong thc: Cau 9: Cho 2 acid cacboxylic A va B (MA < MB) tac dung het vi Na thu c hon hp co so mol H2 bang tong so mol A va B trong hon hp. Neu tron 20 gam dung dch A 23% vi 50 gam dung dch acid B 20,64% th c dung dch D, e trung hoa dung dch D can 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,1M. Cong thc phan t cua A va B lan lt la: HCOOH ; C3H5COOH C. HCOOH ; C2H5COOH CH3COOH ; C2H3COOH D. A, B eu co the xay ra Giai: Chon cau D Cong thc chung cua A, B la : x mol. Theo e ta co: Vay A, B la 2 acid hu c on chc. nNaOH = naxit = 0,22 mol. Tnh

A.

A. B. A.

mA = 4,6 gam, mB = 10,32 gam => tong khoi lng la 14,92 gam => A,B = 67,8 gam/mol = + 45 => = 22,8 => co 2 trng hp R = 1 hoac R = 15 roi suy ra axit B con lai. Bai toan sau: Giai cac cau t cau 10 en cau 13 Cho hon hp X gom 2 este cua 2 acid ke tiep nhau trong day ong ang co dang: R1COOR va R2COOR. ot chay hoan toan 20,1 gam hon hp X can 146,16 lt khong kh (ktc), cha 20% O2 ve the tch va 80% la N2. San pham chay cho lan lt qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 ac sau o qua bnh 2 ng dch Ca(OH)2 d. Sau th nghiem khoi lng bnh 1 tang m gam va bnh 2 tang 46,2 gam Cau 10: Gia tr cua m la: 15,66 gam B. 13 gam C. 18 gam D. A, B, C eu sai Cau 11: Cong thc cua 2 este la: A. HCOOC2H5 va CH3COOC2H5 C. HCOOC3H5 va CH3COOC3H5 B. CH3COOC3H5 va C2H5COOC3H5 D. CH3COOC2H5 va C2H5COOC2H5 Cau 12: % khoi lng moi este trong hon hp X la: 72,69% ; 27,31% C. 82,16% ; 17,84% 85,07% ; 14,93% D. 66,67% ; 33,33% Cau 13: Tong so mol muoi sau phan ng xa phong hoa la: 0,027 mol B. 0,27 mol C. 0,54 mol D. 0,054 mol Trang: 2

A.

A.

Cau 10: ChonCOOH. A Cau 11: Chon cau B A. HCOOH, CH3 cau C. HCOOH, CH3Cau 12: Chon cau B CH2COOH. Cau 13: Chon cau COOH. B. CH3COOH, CH3CH2 A D. CH3CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2COOH. - Tnh so Gii: Chn cu Dmol cua O2 va CO2 lan lt la 1,305 mol va 1,05 mol. nh luat bao toan khoi lng => m = 20,1 + 1,305.32 46,2 = 15,66 gam Cau 15: S este c chung cng thc C5H8O2 c to bi axit khng no n chc v ru mtylic l: - V 2 este la 2 axit ong ang lien tiep cua cung ru nen co chung (x, phng trnh: A. cong thc CxHyO2 B. y4la cac gia tr trung bnh). Lap he 3 D. 6 3 C. 5 (1) ax = 1,05 Gii: Chn cu B (2) ay2 = nnc = 0,87 = 0,18 hp Cau 16: X phng ho este C4H6O=> ac hn mol 2 sn phm khng c kh nng tham gia 2 thu (3) ax + ay4 a = 1,305cu to ca este l: phn ng trng gng. Cng thc = 5,833 ; y = 2. A. xCH3COOCH=CH9,666. V so nguyen t H trong cac este la3. C. HCOOCH=CH-CH so chan nen CTPT 2 este la C5H8O2 va C6H10O2 B. HCOOCH2-CH=CH2. D. CH2=CH-COO-CH3 - Goi m D Gii: Chn cu la so mol cua C6H10O2 trong X. ncacbonic = 6m + 5(0,18 m) = 1,05 => m 17: Thy phn Cau= 0,15. Tnh %este (E) C4H6O2 trong mi trng kim : (E) - + Goi la goc hirocacbon andehyt (A) cua 2 axit ta co nmuoi = neste = NaOH mui (M ) + trung bnh 0,183,105 mol = mui nh hn 70 v.C. Cng thc ng ca E l: Cho bit khi lng 20,1ca 0,027 Cau 14: un nng 7,2g este A vi dung dch NaOH d,CH3COOCH=CH2. thu c glyxerin v phn ng kt thc A. HCOOCH=CH-CH3. C. 7,9g hn 2=CH-COOCH3. hp mui. Cho ton b hn hp mui tcD. HCOOCH4-CH=CH2. c 3 axit hu c dng vi H 2SO 2 long thu B. CH n chc mch A D, E, F; trong E, F l ng phn ca nhau; E l ng ng k tip ca D. Cng Gii: Chn cu h thc cu to Cho cc axit l: Cau 18: ca 5,3g hn hp gm CH3COOH v mt ng ng A tc dng ht vi NaHCO 3 thy gii phng ra 2,24l kh CO2 (ktc). Cng thc ca A l: HCOOH B. C2H5COOH C. C3H7COOH D. C4H9COOH Gii: Chn cu A Cau 19: A, B l hai axit no, n chc, mch h. Hn hp X gm 0,1 mol A + 0,1 mol B. t chy hon ton X c 0,6 mol CO2. Mt khc, ly 10g mt trong hai axit cho tc dng vi Na d th lng H2 sinh ra ln hn 0,05 mol. Hai axit A v B l: A. HCOOH v CH3COOH C. CH3COOH v C4H9COOH B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH D. HCOOH v C4H9COOH Gii: Chn cu D Cau 20: Cho 0,1 mol este c cng thc phn t l C6H10O4 (phn t ch cha chc este) tc dng ht vi dung dch NaOH thu c 16,4g mui ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to ca este l: A. C2H5OOC-COOC2H5 C. HCOOCH2CH2OOCCH3 B. CH3COOCH2CH2OOCCH3 D. CH3COOCH2COOCH2CH3 Gii: Chn cu B Cau 21: Cho m g mt axit n chc tc dng vi NaOH d c 1,25m g mui. Axit l: CH3COOH B. C2H5COOH C. C3H7COOH D. C2H3COOH Gii: Chn cu C Cau 22: t chy hon ton 1,11g hn hp 2 este ng phn ca nhau, u to bi axit no n chc v ru no n chc. Sn phm chy cho qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thy sinh ra 4,5g kt ta. Hai este l: HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 HCOOC3H7 v CH3COOC2H5 CH3COOC2H5 v C2H5COOCH3 HCOOC3H7 v C2H5COOCH3 Gii: Chn cu A Cau 23: (CnH2n-1COO)3CmH2m-1 l cng thc tng qut ca Este sinh ra bi : Ru no, 3 chc v axit n chc cha no c 1 lin kt C=C Ru cha no c 1 lin kt C=C, 3 chc v axit 3 chc Ru 3 chc c 2 lin kt v axit on chc c 1 lin kt C=C Ru 3 chc c 1 lin kt v axit Gii: Chn cu A Cau 24: Cht X (C,H,O) c %O = 34,78% . Cc cht c th trc tip iu ch ra X l : C2H5OCOCH3 C6H12O6 HO-C2H4COONa C 3 cht u c Gii: Chn cu A Trang: 3

Cau 25: Cho 3,52g cht A c CTPT C4H8O2 tc dng vi 0,6l dd NaOH 0,1M. Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c 4,08g cht rn. Vy A l: A. C3H7COOH B. HCOOC3H7 C. C2H5COOCH3 D. CH3COOC2H5 Gii: Chn cu D Cau 26: Hoa tan 1 gam CH3COONa va 0,51 gam H2SO4 vao nc, pha loang dung dch en 100 ml 250C. Cho pK aCH COOH = 4, 76 . pH cua dung dch thu c la:
3

A. B.

A.

A. 3,12 C. 1,67 D. A, B, C B. 4 eu sai Gii: Chn cu B 3,75 4,76 Cau 27: Cho K aHCOOH = 10 ; K aCH 3COOH = 10 . Tron 10 ml dd HCOOH 0,1M vi 100 ml dd CH3COOH 0,2M thu c dung dch co pH la: A. 2,18 C. 2,67 D. A, B, C eu B. 12,25 sai Gii: Chn cu C Bai toan sau: Giai cac cau t cau 28 en cau 29. Cho hon hp A gm 1 axit hu c n chc v mt ru n chc c t l s mol l 1 : 1. Chia A lm 2 phn bng nhau: Phn I: Cho tc dng vi Na d c 1,344 lt kh (ktc). Phn II: un nng vi H2SO4 c (xc tc) c 4,4 gam este. Chia lng este ny lm 2 phn bng nhau: o Phn 1: t chy hon ton. Cho ton b sn phm chy hp th vo dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d th thy khi lng bnh tng thm 6,2 gam v c 19,7 gam kt ta. o Phn 2: X phng ha hon ton bng NaOH d, thu c 2,05 gam mui Natri Cau 28: Cng thc phn t ca acid v ru ln lt l: CH3COOH v CH3OH C. CH3COOH v C2H5OH HCOOH v C2H5OH D. HCOOH v CH3OH Gii: Chn cu C Cau 29: Hiu sut ca phn ng este ha l: 100% B. 83,33% C. 66,67% D. A, B, C u sai Gii: Chn cu B Cau 30: Hn hp X gm A l axit hu c no, 2 ln axit mch h v B l axit khng no c cha mt ni i C = C mch h, n chc. S nguyn t cacbon trong cht ny bng 2 ln s nguyn t cacbon trong cht kia. t chy 5,08 gam hn hp X thu c 4,704 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Nu trung ha ht 5,08 gam hn hp X cn dng 350 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. % khi lng ca axit A trong hn hp X l: A. 57,48% B. 42,52% C. 49,61% D. 50,39% Gii: Chn cu A

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