CHNG 1: KHI QUT V H THNG VIN THNG

1.1 Tng quan v mng vin thng truyn thng PSTN 1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta 1.3 Cc loi mng trong h thng vin thng nc ta 1.4 Cc hn ch ca mng vin thng nc ta hin nay 1.5 Xu hng pht trin ca mng vin thng nc ta
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1.1 Tng quan v mng vin thng truyn thng PSTN

nh ngha 1 : Mng vin thng l phng tin truyn a thng tin t u pht ti u thu. Mng c nhim v cung cp cc dch v cho khch hng. Thnh phn cu thnh mng vin thng: thit b chuyn mch, thit b truyn dn, mi trng truyn v thit b u cui

1.1 Tng quan v mng vin thng truyn thng PSTN

Nh cc thit b chuyn mch m ng truyn dn c dng chung v mng c th c s dng mt cch kinh t.

Gm: Tng i ni ht v tng i qu giang

Gm 2 loi: -Thit b truyn dn pha thu bao -Thit b truyn dn cp quang

Gm 2 loi: -Truyn hu tuyn -Truyn v tuyn

Hnh 1.1 Cc thnh phn chnh ca mng vin thng

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1.1 Tng quan v mng vin thng truyn thng PSTN

nh ngha 2: Mng vin thng l mt h thng gm cc nt chuyn mch c ni vi nhau bng cc ng truyn dn. Nt c phn thnh nhiu cp v kt hp vi cc ng truyn dn to thnh cc cp mng khc nhau.

1.1 Tng quan v mng vin thng truyn thng PSTN

Hnh 1.2 Cu hnh mng c bn

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1.1 Tng quan v mng vin thng truyn thng PSTN

Hnh 1.3: Phn cp s cc node chuyn mch hin nay

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1.1 Tng quan v mng vin thng truyn thng PSTN Cc kiu kin trc mng

- Mng

hnh sao: Nt mng trung tm c u ni kiu nan hoa vi cc nt mng khu vc cp thp hn. Thch hp u ni cc nt mng cp 4 v 5

- Mng mt li: cu trc ny, tt c cc nt mng c u ni trc tip vi nhau. Kin trc ny ph hp vi mng cp cao (nt ca quc t hay chuyn tip quc gia)

1.1 Tng quan v mng vin thng truyn thng PSTN Cc kiu kin trc mng

- Mng hn hp: trong cc mng kt ni kiu hn hp,

s dng c phng thc kt ni mt li v hnh sao

CHNG 1: KHI QUT V H THNG VIN THNG

1.1 Tng quan v mng vin thng truyn thng PSTN 1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta 1.3 Cc loi mng trong h thng vin thng nc ta 1.4 Cc hn ch ca mng vin thng nc ta hin nay 1.5 Xu hng pht trin ca mng vin thng nc ta
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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta

Xt v kha cnh cc chc nng ca cc h thng thit b trn mng th mng vin thng bao gm:
Mng chuyn mch Mng truy nhp Mng truyn dn Cc mng chc nng.

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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta

Mng chuyn mch

- Mng chuyn mch: c chc nng chuyn d liu t mt
giao din ny v phn phi n sang mt giao din khc, la chn ng i tt nht m vn lu gi c cc thng tin. - Vit Nam, mng chuyn mch c 4 cp (da trn cc cp tng i chuyn mch): qu giang quc t, qu giang ng di, ni tnh v ni ht
Nt cp 1 Nt cp 2 Nt cp 3 Nt cp 4
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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta

Mng chuyn mch

- Nt cp 1 (tng i quc t): c 3 ca i quc t H Ni
Nng TP. H Ch Minh. Thit b chuyn mch l tng i AXE-105 ca hng Ericsson. - Nt cp 2 (Tng i chuyn tip quc gia): gm cc tng i Toll t H Ni, TP. HCM, Nng, m nhim vic chuyn tip lu lng ng di v gia cc vng lu lng.

- Nt cp 3 (Trm host v v tinh): cc trm host c ni vi nhau v vi cc tng i toll theo 1 vng ring cp 1. sau mi host li c ni vi cc trm v tinh ca n bi 1 hoc vi vng ring cp 2
- Nt cp 4 (Cc tng i c lp): tng i c lp dung lng nh c ni vi cc host v tng i v tinh theo phng thc hnh sao

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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta

Mng chuyn mch

Ring mng quc gia

Ring cc host (cp 1)

Ring v tinh (cp 2)

Hnh: Cu trc mng chuuyn mch PSTN

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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta Mng chuyn mch

- Cc n v iu hnh mng chuyn mch: VTI, VTN v cc bu in tnh - VTI: t qun l cc tng i chuyn mch qu giang quc

- VTN: qun l cc tng i chuyn mch qu giang ng di ti 3 trung tm H Ni, Nng v TpHCM - Bu in tnh: qun l cc tng i chuyn mch ni ht v ni tnh

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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta Mng chuyn mch

- Cc loi tng i c trn mng vin thng Vit Nam: A1000E ca Alcatel, EAX61 ca NEC, AXE10 ca Ericsson, EWSD ca Siemens. - Cc cng ngh chuyn mch c s dng: chuyn mch knh (PSTN), X.25 relay, ATM (s liu) - Nhn chung mng chuyn mch ti Vit Nam cn nhiu cp v vic iu khin b phn tn trong mng (iu khin nm ti cc tng i).

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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta Mng truy nhp

POTS ISDN V.24 V.25

PSTN ISDN PDN

Mng Truy nhp

SNI

UNI

- L chui cc thc th truyn dn gia SNI v UNI - Mng truy nhp chu trch nhim truyn ti cc dch v vin thng -- Cc mng cung cp dch v khc nhau c mng truy nhp tng ng
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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta

Mng truyn dn
- H thng thit b truyn dn trn mng vin thng VNPT hin nay ch yu s dng hai loi cng ngh l: cp quang SDH v vi ba PDH. - Cp quang SDH: Thit b ny do nhiu hng khc nhau cung cp l: Northern Telecom, Siemens, Fujitsu, Alcatel, Lucent, NEC, Nortel. Cc thit b c dung lng 155Mb/s, 622 Mb/s, 2.5 Gb/s. - Vi ba PDH: Thit b ny cng c ngun gc t nhiu hng cung cp khc nhau nh Siemens, Alcatel, Fujitsu, SIS, SAT, NOKIA, AWA. Dung lng 140 Mb/s, 34 Mb/s v n*2 Mb/s. Cng ngh vi ba SDH c s dng hn ch vi s lng t. - Mng truyn dn c 3 cp: mng truyn dn quc t, mng truyn dn lin tnh v mng truyn dn ni tnh.
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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta

Mng truyn dn lin tnh
Mng truyn dn lin tnh bng cp quang: Mng truyn dn ng trc quc gia ni gia H Ni v TpHCM di 4000km, s dng STM-16, c chia thnh 4 vng ring ti H Tnh, Nng, Qui Nhn v TP.HCM

884km
H Ni
H Tnh

834km
Nng

817km

1424km
Quy Nhn TP.HCM

- Cc ng truyn dn khc: H Ni Hi Phng, H Ni Ha Bnh, TpHCM Vng Tu, H Ni Ph L Nam nh, Nng Tam K. Cc tuyn truyn dn lin tnh ny dng STM-4

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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta

Mng truyn dn lin tnh

Mng truyn dn lin tnh bng v tuyn: dng h thng vi ba SDH (STM-1, dung lng 155Mbps), PDH (dung lng 4Mbps, 6Mbps, 140Mbps). Ch c tuyn Bi Chy Hn Gai dng SDH, cc tuyn khc dng PDH.

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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta

Mng truyn dn ni tnh

Khong 88% cc tuyn truyn dn ni tnh s dng h thng vi ba. Trong tng lai khi nhu cu ti tng th cc tuyn ny s c thay th bi h thng truyn dn quang.

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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta

Mng chc nng

- Mng bo hiu

- Mng ng b - Mng qun l

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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta

Mng bo hiu
- Vai tr ca bo hiu trong mng vin thng: thit lp, gim st, gii phng cuc gi v cung cp dch v nng cao. - Phn loi bo hiu: Bo hiu ng dy thu bao Bo hiu lin i : gm c bo hiu CAS v CCS CAS : gm bo hiu trng thi ng v bo hiu thanh ghi (R2) CCS: bo hiu knh chung

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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta

Mng bo hiu

Mng vin thng Vit Nam s dng hai loi bo hiu R2 v SS7 -Bo hiu R2 l bo hiu CAS, v l bo hiu tng t nn dung lng thp, ang dn c loi b.

-Bo hiu SS7:c a vo khai thc ti Vit Nam theo

chin lc trin khai t trn xung di theo tiu chun ca ITU (khai thc th nghim t nm 1995 ti VTN v VTI). Cho n nay, mng bo hiu s 7 hnh thnh vi mt cp STP (im chuyn mch bo hiu) ti 3 trung tm (H Ni, Nng, H Ch Minh) ca 3 khu vc (Bc, Trung, Nam) v phc v kh hiu qu.
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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta

Mng bo hiu SS7 Vit Nam

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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta

Mng ng b
- Mc ch ca mng ng b l to ra s ng nht v tn hiu xung nhp ca cc thit b trong mng. - Cc phng php ng b mng:

Phng php cn ng b: cc nt trong mng c cung cp bi mt tn hiu ng b chun, cht lng cao, khi cc nt hot ng mt cch c lp v mt xung nhp
Phng php ng b tng h: Mi nt mng vn c mt ng h chun nhng xung nhp cp cho nt ny c ly trung bnh. Phng php ng b ch t : c ng h chun, chnh xc cao (10-13 10-12) thc hin chc nng cung cp tn hiu ng b cho cc nt mng khc.
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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta

Mng ng b
- Mng ng b ca VNPT c b tr theo lnh th vi ba ng h ch PRC ti H Ni, Nng, TP H Ch Minh v mt s ng h th cp SSU (Synchronous Source Unit)

- Mng ng b Vit Nam hot ng theo nguyn tc ch t c d phng, bao gm 4 cp : 1. Cp 0: cp ng h ch quc gia 2. Cp 1: cp mng c ng b trc tip t ng h ch PRC ti tng i nt chuyn tip quc t, quc gia v ng h th cp 3. Cp 2: cp nt ni ht - c ng b t ng h cp 1 ti cc tng i host v cc tng i 4. Cp 3: l cp mng c ng b t ng h cp 2 ti cc thit b thuc phn mng cp thp hn.
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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta

Mng ng b
- Mng c phn thnh 3 vng c lp, mi vng c 2 ng h mu, mt ng h chnh v mt ng h d phng. Cc ng h ny c t ti trung tm ca 3 vng v c iu chnh theo phng thc cn ng b

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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta Mng qun l TMN

Mc ch: khai thc, bo dng v kim sot mng mt cch hiu qu nht v cung cp s liu thu c qua nhng hot ng trn cho vic quy hoch thit k v xy dng

D n xy dng trung tm qun l mng vin thng quc gia ang trong qu trnh chun b tin ti trin khai.

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1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta Cc nh cung cp dch v

- Ti nc ta c 2 dng nh cung cp dch v: l cc nh cung cp dch v truyn thng (ch yu l thoi) v nh cung cp dch v mi (cc dch v s liu, Internet,). - Cc nh khai thc dch v truyn thng bao gm tng cng ty bu chnh vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT), cng ty vin thng qun i (Vietel), cng ty c phn vin thng Si Gn (SPT), cng ty vin thng in lc (ETC). - Cc nh khai thc dch v mi bao gm FPT, SPT, Netnam,

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CHNG 1: KHI QUT V H THNG VIN THNG

1.1 Tng quan v mng vin thng truyn thng PSTN 1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta 1.3 Cc loi mng trong h thng vin thng nc ta 1.4 Cc hn ch ca mng vin thng nc ta hin nay 1.5 Xu hng pht trin ca mng vin thng nc ta
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1.3 Cc loi mng trong h thng vin thng nc ta

Mng Telex: dng gi cc bc in di dng k t c m ho bng 5 bit (m Baudot). Tc truyn rt thp (t 75 ti 300 bit/s). Mng in thoi cng cng, cn gi l mng POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service): y thng tin ting ni c s ha v chuyn mch h thng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng PSTN Mng truyn s liu: bao gm cc mng chuyn mch gi trao i s liu gia cc my tnh da trn giao thc ca X.25 v h thng truyn s liu chuyn mch knh da trn cc giao thc X.21. Cc tn hiu truyn hnh c th c truyn theo ba cch: truyn bng sng v tuyn, truyn qua h thng mng truyn hnh cp CATV (Community Antenna Television) bng cp ng trc hoc truyn qua h thng v tinh, hay cn gi l truyn hnh trc tip DBS (Direct Broadcast System).
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1.3 Cc loi mng trong h thng vin thng nc ta

PSTN (Public Switching Telephone Network) l mng chuyn mch thoi cng cng. ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network) l mng s tch hp dch v. ISDN cung cp nhiu loi ng dng thoi v phi thoi trong cng mt mng v xy dng giao tip ngi s dng mng a dch v bng mt s gii hn PSDN (Public Switching Data Network) l mng chuyn mch s liu cng cng. PSDN ch yu cung cp cc dch v s liu. Mng PSDN bao gm cc PoP (Point of Presence) v cc thit b truy nhp t xa. Hin nay, PSDN ang pht trin vi tc rt nhanh do s bng n ca dch v Internet v cc mng ring o (Virtual Private Network). Mng di ng GSM v CDMA: mng cung cp dch v thoi tng t nh PSTN nhng qua ng truy nhp v tuyn. Mng ny chuyn mch da trn cng ngh ghp knh phn thi gian cng ngh ghp knh phn tn s v m 32

CHNG 1: KHI QUT V H THNG VIN THNG

1.1 Tng quan v mng vin thng truyn thng PSTN 1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta 1.3 Cc loi mng trong h thng vin thng nc ta 1.4 Cc hn ch ca mng vin thng nc ta hin nay 1.5 Xu hng pht trin ca mng vin thng nc ta
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1.4 Cc hn ch ca mng vin thng nc ta hin nay

Hn ch trong vic phn cp mng theo a l hnh chnh Cc dch v tn ti trn nhng mng ring l Mng vin thng hin ti ang c cu trc ng S bt cp trong vic cung cp dch v mi Qun l mng kh khn
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CHNG 1: KHI QUT V H THNG VIN THNG

1.1 Tng quan v mng vin thng truyn thng PSTN 1.2 S lc v cu trc mng vin thng nc ta 1.3 Cc loi mng trong h thng vin thng nc ta 1.4 Cc hn ch ca mng vin thng nc ta hin nay 1.5 Xu hng pht trin ca mng vin thng nc ta
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