CC YU T NH HNG N NG C LM VIC

CA GIO VIN MM NON

ThS. Nguyn Vn Lt
Khoa Tm l hc, i hc KHXH&NV
Bi in trong K Hi tho khoa hoc quc t: Thc y nghin cu v thc hnh tm l hc
ng ti Vit Nam, Nxb. i hc Hu, 01/2011, tr. 586- 590// Factors Affecting Working
Motivation of Pre-school Teachers, Proceedings of the 2 nd International Conference On School
Psychology in Viet Nam Promoting School Psychology Research and Practice, Hue
Publication, 1/2011, p.586- p.590.

1. t vn
Gio dc Mm non l c s ban u cho gio dc ph thng, l cp hc u tin
cung cp nhng tin pht trin th cht v tr tu ht sc quan trng tr c th tip
tc hc tp cc cc cp hc cao hn. Do , vic nui dy tr c mt vai tr cc k quan
trng. Vai tr ny thuc v i ng gio vin mm non. Tuy nhin, trn thc t, vai tr
ca gio vin mm non (GVMN) cha c cc bc ph huynh v x hi nh gi ng
mc. Chnh v iu ny, kt hp vi cc iu kin lm vic khng c m bo nn s
lng GVMN hin rt thiu, s lng gio vin mm non cng lp b dy ang mc
ng bo ng. V d, pha Nam ang thiu chng 60.000 gio vin [1].
Kt qu kho st 238 GVMN do chng ti tin hnh vo thng 8/2010 cng cho
thy, c 178 GVMN (chim 74.8%) cho bit nu chn li ngh h s khng tip la chn
tr thnh GVMN. iu ny cho thy, GVMN hin nay cha c s tha mn trong cng
vic m h ang lm. T , h thiu ng lc trong hot ng nui dy cc chu, lm
nh hng n s pht trin chung ca tr. Vy c nhng yu t no nh hng n ng
c lm vic ca GVMN? tr li cho cu hi ny, chng ti tin hnh kho st 238
GVMN ca 3 tnh Hi Dng, Vnh Phc v Bc Ninh.
Bng 01: Vi nt v khch th nghin cu
Tiu ch
S lng
%
20->25 tui
52
21.8
26->30 tui
63
26.5
tui
31->35 tui
40
16.8
36->40 tui
39
16.4
>40 tui
44
18.5
1->5 nm
100
42.0
6->10 nm
49
20.6
Thm nin cng tc
11->15 nm
32
13.4
16->20 nm
25
10.5
> 20 nm
32
13.4
Tnh

Vnh Phc
Hi Dng
Bc Ninh
Tng

75
82
81
238

31.5
34.5
34.0
100%

2. Cc yu t nh hng
Chng ti cho rng c cc yu t ch quan v cc yu t khch quan nh hng
n ng c lm vic ca GVMN, trong cc yu t ch quan ng vai tr quan trng
hn.
2.1. Cc yu t ch quan
Trong nghin cu ny, chng ti kho st 05 yu t ch quan nh hng n ng
c lm vic ca GVMN bao gm: l tng o to th h tr; nim yu thch c dy
d cc chu; nng lc, trnh ca bn thn; mong i ca bn thn v tng lai pht
trin v tinh thn, thc trch nhim ca bn thn. Kt qu thu c nh sau:
Bng 02: Cc yu t ch quan nh hng n ng c lm vic ca GVMN
Mc nh hng
T
T

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Cc yu t

Hon
ton
khng
nh
hng
SL %

Khng
nh hng

Phn
vn

nh
hng

Rt
nh hng

SL

SL

SL

SL

T
B

Th
t

L tng o to th h
tr

13

5.5

28

11.8

35

14.7

99

41.6

63

26.5

3.72*

Nim yu thch c dy
d cc chu

14

5.9

22

9.2

2.1

83

34.9

114

47.9

4.10

Nng lc, trnh ca

bn thn

2.5

13

5.5

1.3

102

42.9

114

47.9

4.28

Tinh thn, thc trch

nhim ca bn thn

3.4

16

6.7

2.1

92

38.7

117

49.2

4.24

S mong i ca bn
thn v tng lai pht
trin trong ngh nghip

3.8

40

16.8

31

13.0

87

36.6

71

29.8

3.72

TB chung 4.01
(* Chng ti cho im nh sau: hon ton khng nh hng = 1 im; khng nh hng = 2 im; phn
vn = 3 im; nh hng = 4 im; rt nh hng = 5 im)

T cc s liu bng trn, chng ti rt ra mt s nhn xt sau:

(1). Nhn chung, GVMN u nh gi cc yu t ch quan nh hng mnh m
n ng c lm vic ca h: TB dao ng t 3.72->4.28; TB chung = 4.01.
2

(2). Cc yu t ch quan u c mc nh hng mnh m n ng c lm

vic ca GVMN nhng yu t c nh hng mnh m nht l nng lc, trnh ca
bn thn, c ti 216 GVMN (chim 90.8%) cho rng y l yu t nh hng v rt nh
hng n ng c lm vic ca h. GVMN trong din kho st ch yu l nhng ngi
tt nghip Cao ng mu gio, h thy cha t tin v bn thn h. H cha c trang
b mt cch tt nht nhng tri thc, phng php nui dy tr nn y l yu t cn tr
h tch cc tin hnh cc hot ng i mi phng php nui dy cc chu nhiu lc
cng mun mun lm dng c trc quan dy cho cc chu d hiu, d tip thu nhng
khng bit phi lm th no v mnh khng c hc [phiu s 137].
3. So snh gi tr trung bnh 2 bin (dng php thng k T- Test) v mc nh
gi i cc yu t ch quan nh hng n ng c lm vic ca GVMN theo cc tiu
ch tui v thm nhin cng tc, chng ti thy: nhng GVMN trong tui t 20 ->
30 nh gi cc yu t ch quan c nh hng n ng c lm vic ca h cao hn so
vi cc GVMN trong tui t 31->40 tui (TB = 4.03 so vi 3.98). Tuy nhin, s
khc bit ny l khng c ngha v mt thng k v p >0.05 (p = 0.60). So snh gia
nhng GVMN c thm nin cng tc t 1->10 nm vi nhng GVMN c thm nin cng
tc t 10 nm tr ln cng cho thy khng c s khc bit c ngha (TB ca nhm
GVMN t 1-10 nm l: 4.01; trn 10 nm l 4.00; mc ngha p=0.90 > 0.05).
So snh v nh gi mc nh hng ca cc yu t ch quan n ng c lm
vic ca GVMN theo tiu ch tnh cho thy s khc bit l khng ng k: Vnh Phc
(TB = 4.21; SD = 0.60); Hi Dng (TB = 3.90; SD = 1.05); Bc Ninh (TB = 3.92;
SD = 0.66).
Nh vy, nhn chung, GVMN nh gi cc yu t ch quan c nh hng mnh
m n ng c lm vic ca h (TB = 4.01). C s khc nhau trong vic nh gi gia
cc GVMN xt v cc tiu ch: thm nin cng tc, tui v a phng. Tuy nhin, s
khc bit ny l khng ln v khng c ngha v mt thng k.

2.2. Cc yu t khch quan

Bng 03: Cc yu t khch quan nh hng n ng c lm vic ca GVMN
3

T
T

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Cc yu t

Mc nh hng
Hon
ton
khng
nh
hng
SL %

Khng
nh hng

Phn
vn

nh
hng

Rt
nh hng

SL

SL

SL

SL

T
B

Th
t

S khch l, ng vin
ca lnh o nh trng

15

6.3

31

13.0

19

8.0

105

44.1

68

28.6

3.76*

Mi trng lm vic ca
trng mu gio

1.7

15

6.3

2.5

115

48.3

98

41.2

4.21

C s vt cht phc v
vic nui dy cc chu

1.3

14

5.9

2.5

106

44.5

109

45.8

4.28

Tin lng, thng m c

gio nhn c hng
thng

2.1

2.9

0.4

91

38.2

134

56.3

4.44

S tn trng, bit n ca
cha m cc chu

1.3

24

10.1

17

7.1

100

42.0

94

39.5

4.08

TB chung 4.15
(* Chng ti cho im nh sau: hon ton khng nh hng = 1 im; khng nh hng = 2 im; phn
vn = 3 im; nh hng = 4 im; rt nh hng = 5 im)

T bng s liu trn, chng ti c mt s nhn xt sau:

(1). Nhn chung, cc GVMN u nh gi cc yu t khch quan nh hng mnh
m n ng c lm vic ca h, TB dao ng t 3.76- 4.44, TB chung = 4.15.
(2). Trong s cc yu t khch quan, GVMN cho rng tin lng, thng m h
nhn hng thng l yu t nh hng mnh m nht n ng c nui dy cc chu ca
h: TB = 4.44, xp v tr th 1/10 yu t kho st. Theo chng ti, s d GVMN nh
gi y l yu t nh hng mnh m nht n ng c nui dy cc chu ca h l v:
tin lng m GV mm non hin nay c hng qu thp, thu nhp ca GV mm non
nng thn ch dao ng khong 700.000 - 800.000, thm ch c ni ch 300.000400.000/thng hoc thp hn. Cng vic vt v, cng thng, GVMN phi lm vic
khng ch 8 ting ng h m c khi cn n c 10, 12 ting. "Trc y ti v cng yu
ngh, mn tr. Nhng by gi, iu ti ao c ln nht l c lm ngh khc. Qu
nhiu p lc, mc lng c tr qu thp khin ti phi lm nhiu cng vic khc
m bo cuc sng gia nh" [phiu s 51]. T mc lng c hng qu thp nh
vy, thay v tp trung ton b tm sc vo vic nui dy cc chu, GVMN nng thn
4

hin nay phi lm thm nhiu cng vic khc (chn nui, cy la) m bo cuc
sng gia nh. Lng thp, tnh cht cng vic vt v li cn phi tp trung sc lc lm
cc cng vic khc ngoi chuyn mn lm gim ng lc lm vic ca GVMN, t ,
nh hng trc tip n cng tc nui dy tr.
(3). So snh gi tr trung bnh 2 bin (dng php thng k T- Test) v mc nh
gi i cc yu t khch quan nh hng n ng c lm vic ca GVMN theo cc tiu
ch tui v thm nhin cng tc, chng ti thy:
- Nhng GVMN trong tui t 31 tui tr ln nh gi cc yu t khch quan c
nh hng n ng c lm vic ca h cao hn so vi cc GVMN trong tui t 20>30 tui (TB = 4.27 so vi 4.01). V s khc bit ny l c ngha v mt thng k vi
p = 0.002 (<0.05).
- Kt qu nghin cu cng cho thy, nhng GVMN c thm nin cng tc t 10
nm tr ln nh gi cc yu t khch quan c nh hng n ng c lm vic ca h
mnh m hn so vi cc GV c thm nin cng tc di 10 nm (TB ca nhm GV c
thm nin cng tc trn 10 nm = 4.21 so vi TB ca nhm c thm nin cng tc di
10 nm = 4.11). Tuy nhin, s khc bit ny khng c ngha v mt thng k ( p= 0.244
> 0.05).
So snh v nh gi mc nh hng ca cc yu t khch quan n ng c
lm vic ca GVMN theo tiu ch tnh cho thy s khc bit l khng ng k: Vnh Phc
(TB = 4.15; SD = 0.54), Hi Dng (TB = 4.13; SD = 0.71); Bc Ninh (TB = 4.17;
SD = 0.64).
Nh vy, c th kt lun rng, GVMN trong din kho st nh gi cc yu t
khch quan c nh hng mnh m n ng c lm vic ca h (c bit l yu t
tin lng, thng). C s khc bit c ngha v mt thng k gia GVMN c tui
di 30 v trn 30 v cc yu t khch quan nh hng n ng c lm vic ca
GVMN.
3. Kt lun v kin ngh
(1). Tri vi nhn nh ban u ca chng ti, GVMN trong din kho st cho
rng, cc yu t khch quan nh hng n ng c lm vic ca h mnh m hn (TB

4.15) so vi cc yu t ch quan (TB 4.01). Trong , yu t c nh hng mnh m

nht l tin lng, thng, c s vt cht phc v vic nui dy cc chu.
(2). Xt theo cc tiu ch tui, thm nin cng tc v a d cho thy: nhn
chung khng c s khc bit c ngha v mt thng k trong vic nh gi ca GVMN
v cc yu t nh hng n ng c lm vic ca h.
(3). Xut pht t kin nh gi ca GVMN khi cho rng, yu t c nh hng
mnh m nht n ng c lm vic ca h l tin lng, thng m h nhn c hng
thng, chng ti kin ngh cn m bo iu kin lng, thng cho GVMN h an
tm cng tc. Bn cnh , cn u t xy dng c s trng lp m bo vic dy v
hc ca c v tr.
*). Ti liu tham kho:
1. Hi Duyn, Tin Dng, Gio vin mm non vt ln vi p lc, 22.12.2008,
http://vnexpress.net/GL/Xa-hoi/Giao-duc/2008/10/3BA07A90/
2. Hong Hng, Gio vin mm non: t ngi, lm vic, 24/12/2009, ng link
http://tuoitre.vn/Giao-duc/349291/Giao-vien-mam-non-it-nguoi-lam-viec.html
3. oan Trc, Bo nhlng gio vin mm non, 3/9/2008,
http://vietnamnet.vn/giaoduc/2008/09/801817/
4. Cng on gio dc Vit Nam, Bo co kt qu d n nghin cu iu kin lao ng
n gio vin min xa xi ca Vit Nam, H Ni 1998.

*). Thng tin lin h tc gi

ThS. Nguyn Vn Lt
Khoa Tm l hc, Trng i hc KHXH&NV, i hc Quc gia H Ni
Tel: 0912.229.910
E-mail: nguyenvanluot@gmail.com