MT S KT QU NGHIN CU V DINH DNG V THC N TRN C TRA, C BASA TI I HC NNG LM TP H CH MINH

SOME STUDIES ON FISH NUTRION FOR PANGASIID CATFISHES IN NONG LAM UNIVERSITY L Thanh Hng Khoa Thy sn, i Hc Nng Lm lthungts@yahoo.com.vn ABSTRACT Tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and basa catfish (Pangasius bocourti) are two main cultured fishes in Mekong, Vietnam. Compared to other cultured fishes like carps, and tilapia, there are few studies on Pangasiid catfish, especially on fish nutrition and feeding aspects. For aquafeed development, some studies on the nutrition for two species were done during 2002-2008 in Nong Lam University. Protein requirement and starch utilization were carried out in tra and basa catfish indicating that starch can spare the protein requirement in two species. Starch utilization limits for optimal growth and protein retention were determined in the two species. For ingredient use, study on poultry byproduct meal (PBM) and meat bone meal (MBM) showing tra and basa catfish can completely use PBM to replace fishmeal but cannot for MBM. The MBM product can only use up to 12-13% to replace fishmeal in diets for the two species. Soybean meal can be completely used in Pangasiid catfish but feeding intake could be impacted. Rapeseed meal also tested in tra catfish and the maximal level of the seed can be accepted at 10%. Phytase was an external enzyme to supplement in feed to release bound phosphorus and other nutrient in plant ingredients. The study indicates that at the dosage 1500 FYT/kg, basa catfish can ameliorate growth and feed utilization when compared to the control and dicalci-phosphate supplemented feed. Solid-state fermentation enzyme like ALLZYME SSF was tested in tra and basa catfish illustrating fish growth and feed utilization increased and the fishmeal inclusion rate in diets can decrease with the enzyme supplementation. GII THIU C tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) v c basa (Pangasius bocourti) l hai loi c thuc h Pangasiidae c nui ph bin ti Vit Nam t lu i nay (Cacot, 1994). T nm 1999 vic sinh sn nhn to v ng nui ging c tra v basa thnh cng, to tin cho s pht trin ngh nui c tra v basa ti ng bng sng Cu Long. (Hung v ctv., 2007). Sn lng c tra, basa nui ti Vit Nam tng trng rt nhanh trong khong 10 nm nay, t khong mt triu tn nm 2008 (Hung v ctv., 2007). C tra, basa l loi c n tp. Theo truyn thng c c nui vi thc n t ch bin bao gm cc nguyn liu nh cm go v c tp. Tuy nhin do kh nng cung cp c tp c hn ch v s bt tin khi sn xut thc n t ch bin nn dn dn thc n ny c thay th bng thc n vin cng nghip. Nghin cu v dinh dng v thc n trn c tra, basa rt t c thc hin v cng b trn cc tp ch chuyn ngnh. gp phn pht trin bn vng ngnh nui c tra, basa trong thi gian qua Khoa Thy Sn, i Hc Nng Lm c mt s nghin cu v dinh dng v 281

thc n cho nhm c da trn k trn. Bo co ny l phn tng quan mt s kt qu nghin cu thc hin trong thi gian 2002-2008. NHU CU DINH DNG Nhu cu dinh dng ca vt nui l yu cu tin quyt trong sn xut thc n cng nghip. Tuy nhin, nghin cu v nhu cu dinh dng ca c tra, basa cha c nhiu. Dng phng php broken line method x l s liu, Hung v ctv., (2002) xc nh nhu cu protein ca c basa, c tra v c h (P. conchophilus) giai on c ging 15-20g vi mc nng lng 20 kJ/kg, c gi tr ln lt l 27,8%. 32,2% v 26,6%. Nhu cu protein tng i ln lt cho c basa, c tra v c h: 16,6 gam; 16,3 gam v 13,3 gam protein/kg c/ngy. Pathmasothy v Jin (1988) nghin cu xc nh nhu cu protein c tra l 32% vi lng thc n 5% th trng. Nh vy nhu cu tng i protein ca c tra theo tc gi ny tng ng 16,0 g/kg c/ngy. Khi so snh tng trng khi cng cung cp lng protein nh nhau, c basa c tc tng trng nhanh nht k n l c tra v sau cng l c h (Hung v ctv., 2002) Hnh 1. So snh tng trng ca 3 loi c da trn Bng 1. Tng trng v t l sng ca c tra v c basa thay i theo lng tinh bt trong thc n

Tinh bt l mt thnh phn cung cp nng lng cn thit cho cc loi c n tp v th nghim trn c tra v basa cho thy tinh bt c tc dng chia s nhu cu protein gip lm gim nhu cu protein trn hai loi ny. Hung v ctv., (2003) th nghim trn c tra v basa cho thy kh nng s dng tinh bt ti a t tng trng tt nht cho c basa: 30 g tinh bt/kg c/ngy v c tra: 10g tinh bt/kg c/ngy, tng ng t l tinh bt ti a trong thc n c basa v c tra ln lt: 60% v 20% (Bng 1). Tri li t t l tng trng protein th lng tinh bt bt s dng ti a trong thc n gim cn 40% cho c basa v 20% cho c tra (Hung v ctv., 2003).

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So snh vi cc loi c khc, c basa c kh nng s dng t l tinh bt rt cao n 60% trong khi c c tra c t l s dng thp hn (20% tinh bt). Kh nng s dng tinh bt ca c da trn M, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) nm trong khong 25-30% (Wilson & Moreau, 1996) n 30-40% cho c chp (Cyprinus carpio) v c r phi (O. niloticus) (Luquet, 1993). Kh nng s dng tinh bt thng l thuc vo cu trc phn t tinh bt v phng thc ch bin. Nu chn hay k thut p n trong p vin gia nhit gip h ha tinh bt lm gia tng tiu ha nn c th gip gia tng t l s dng tinh bt trong thc n c basa v c tra. Trong th nghim ny, tinh bt s dng l tinh bt khoai m cha nu chn nn cn th nghim khc xc nh mc ti a tinh bt trong thc n c tra vi tinh bt khoai m v cm go sau khi nu chn. CC NGUYN LIU Trong nui c cng nh chn nui gia sc v gia cm, thc n chim t trng ln n 60-70% chi ph sn xut. Bt c l thnh phn c gi tr dinh dng tt nht nhng c gi cao nht v ngun cung cp ngy cng khan him. Do thay th bt c bng cc ngun protein thc vt hay cc protein ng vt khc l mt yu cu quan trng h gi thnh thc n v gip ngnh nui thy sn bn vng vi ngun cung cp nguyn liu n nh. Trong thi gian qua, Khoa Thy Sn c mt lot nghin cu nhm thay th bt c bng cc ngun protein khc. Thay th bt c bng cc ngun protein ng vt Bt ph phm gia cm (PBM) v bt xng tht (MBM) l hai nguyn liu sn xut t ph liu v ph liu ca cng nghip ch bin tht. Vic s dng hai nguyn liu trn kh ph bin trn gia sc v gia cm nhng cha c ti liu cng b trn c tra, basa. Th nghim ti Khoa Thy Sn, i Hc Nng Lm nm 2006 cho thy trong thc n c tra, nghim thc i chng s dng 15% bt c (55% protein) v cc nghim thc khc thay th bt c bng bt ph phm gia cm (60 protein). Cc cng thc th nghim c cn bng protein v nng lng thc n. Kt qu sau 56 ngy nui th nghim vi 6 loi thc n c t l thay th bt c (0%, 20%, 40%, 60% v 100%) cho thy c th thay th hon ton bt c bng bt ph phm gia cm khng lm thay i tng trng v hiu qu s dng thc n (Bng 2). Bng 2. Tng trng v hiu qu s dng thc n ca c tra s dng 6 loi thc n vi t l thay th bt c (0% n 100%) bng bt ph phm gia cm (PBM) Nghim thc TP0 TP20 TP40 TP60 TP80 TP100 T l PBM (%) 0 2,84 5,68 8,52 11,36 14,2 T l bt c (%) 15,0 12,0 9,0 6,0 3,0 0,0 Trng lng u (g) 39,2 a 40,5 a 39,2 a 37,4 a 38,9 a 39,7 a a a a a a Trng lng cui (g) 155,4 168,3 158,8 160,6 160,6 162,4 a Tng trng (g) 116,2 127,8 119,6 123,2 121,6 122,7 Tng trng SGR(%.d1) 2.46 a 2.54 a 2.50 a 2.60 a 2.53 a 2.52 a a a a a a H s thc n (FCR) 1,50 1,36 1,48 1,40 1,42 1,47 a T l sng 100 a 100 a 100 a 100 a 100 a 98.3 a Cc gi tr trn cng hng c cng k t th khng khc nhau c ngha (P>0,05) Cng th nghim tng t nh th nghim s dng bt ph phm gia cm, th nghim s dng bt xng tht (50% protein) thay th bt c. Hung v Yu (2006) cho thy thc n c tra khi thay th hon ton bt c bng bt xng tht th tng trng c gii hn v thp hn c ngha vi cc nghim thc n khc. H s thc n th khng khc nhau c ngha gia cc 283

nghim thc. S gim tng trng ca nghim thc thay th hon ton bt c c th do tiu ha thp ca bt xng tht so vi bt c v t l khong cao trong bt xng tht cng l yu t gii hn t l s dng bt xng tht trong thc n cho c tra. Nh vy bt xng tht ch s dng ti a n 13-14% trong thc n c tra thay th bt c. Bng 3. Tng trng v hiu qu s dng thc n ca c tra s dng 6 loi thc n vi t l thay th bt c (0% n 100%) bng bt xng tht (MBM) Nghim thc NT0 NT20 NT40 NT60 NT80 NT100 T l MBM (%) 0,00 3,43 6,86 10,29 13,72 17,15 T l bt c (%) 15,00 12,00 9,00 6,00 3,00 0,00 a a a a a Trng lng u (g) 39,2 37,6 40,7 40,8 39,1 41,7 a Trng lng cui (g) 150,4 a 141,4 a 152,8 a 155,2 a 148,0 a 150,2 a Tng trng (g) 111,2 a 103,8 a 112,2 a 114,5a 108,9 a 108,5 a 1 a a a a a Tng trng SGR (%.d ) 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,4 b H s thc n (FCR) 1,56 a 1,63 a 1,47 a 1,54 a 1,59 a 1,55 a T l sng 100,0 98,0 100,0 100,0 98,0 100,0 a Cc gi tr trn cng hng c cng k t th khng khc nhau c ngha (P>0,05) Thay th bt c bng cc ngun protein thc vt Trong cc protein thc vt, bnh du nnh (BDN) l nguyn liu cung cp protein c gi tr nht vi hm lng protein trong khong 44-47%, acid amin thit yu tng i cn i. Bng 4. Tng trng v hiu qu s dng thc n ca c basa (P. bocourti) ln cc khu phn thc n s dng bnh du nnh thay th bt c sau 42 nui th nghim. Nghim thc NT0 NT15 NT30 NT45 NT60 T l bnh du nnh (%) 0,00 15,0 30,0 45,0 60,0 T l bt c (%) 47,87 37,26 26,16 14,69 3,22 a a a a Trng lng u (g) 27,3 27,3 27,7 28,0 28,1a Trng lng cui (g) 139,4 a 132,8 a 120,0 b 119,4 b 105,0 c a ab bc cd Lng thc n s dng (g) 140,9 125,8 109,9 102,0 90,4 d Tng trng SGR (%.d1) 3,88 a 3,76 a 3,49 b 3,46 b 3,14 c H s thc n (FCR) 1,25 a 1,20 a 1,19 a 1,12 a 1,18 a T l sng 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 Cc gi tr trn cng hng c cng k t th khng khc nhau c ngha (P>0,05, Duncan test) Tuy nhin, BDN cha mt s cht khng dinh dng nh cht khng trypsin, phytase v tannin nn gii hn mc s dng bnh du nnh trn thy sn. Th nghim ti i Hc Nng Lm trn c basa (P. bocourti) s dng cc khu phn c t l BDN tng dn n 60% (0%, 15%, 30%, 45% v 60%) tng ng vi t l bt c gim t 45% xung cn 3%. Cc cng thc c cng mc 30% protein, nng lng th 3800 kcal/kg. Acid amin thit yu lysine v methionine c b sung vo cc cng thc m bo cc cng thc cha 2,6% lysine v 1,0% methionine.

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Kt qu th nghim trn c basa cho thy khi tng t l BDN ln t 30% tr ln th tng trng ca c gim tng ng vi t l gia tng. Webster v ctv (1992) th nghim trn c da trn M (I. puntatus) cho cng cho bit s tng trng gim theo hng gia tng t l s dng BDN, c hai nguyn nhn gii thch hin tng trn: (1) S thiu cn i cc amino acids thit yu c bit methionine v lysine v (2) s hin din ca cc yu t phn dinh dng trong bnh du nnh nh trypsin inhibitor. Trong th nghim ny, c c cho n va v lng thc n d tha c ghi li v tr i tnh lng thc n c s dng. Kt qu sau 42 ngy nui th nghim, kt qu cho thy lng thc n c s dng gim theo t l s dng BDN. Tuy nhin, khi xem n h s thc n (FCR) kt qu bng 4 cho thy h thc n khng khc nhau gia cc nghim thc, tri li chng li c khuynh hng gim cc nghim thc s dng t l cao BDN 30-60% trong thc n. Khi tng t l s dng BDD thay th bt c trong thc n cho c basa, s dn n gim s lng thc n c n vo. Nhiu nghin cu khc ghi nhn kt q tng t (Jackson v ctv., 1982), c bit i vi nhng loi c n ng vt. T nhng s liu trn, c th cho rng nguyn nhn gim tng trng khi tng t l s dng BDN l do c gim n hn l do nhng yu t dinh dng trong thc n. Tuy nhin, xt trn h s thc n th c th s dng BDN n 60% trong thc n khng c s khc bit vi nghim thc s dng bt c. Do , c th s dng cc cht dn d hay s dng mt t l nht nh protein ng vt khng l bt c nh bt ph phm gia cm, bt xng tht gia tng dn d ca thc n. Trong th nghim ny, c th nghim l c basa nn cn th nghim khc nh gi kh nng s dng BDN trn c tra. B ci c s dng ph bin thay th bnh du nnh trong thc n gia sc, gia cm. Tuy nhin b ci cha nhiu cht khng dinh dng (Francis v ctv., 2001). Glucosinolate c trong b ci c tc dng gy bu c trn cc ng vt trn cn do tc ng n tuyn gip trng v chng tc dng n s tng hp hormone thyroid: tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Burel v ctv. (2001) cho thy trn c tuyn gip trng cng phn ng vi b ci dn n gim bin dng, gim n v tng trng gim. Do tc dng khng dinh dng nn gii hn s dng ca b ci trn c hi l 20% (Higgs v ctv., 1982) v 15% trn c r phi (Davies v ctv., 1990). Cc ging ci mi cho hm lng thp cc cht khng dinh dng nh Erucic acid nh hn 2% v Glucosinolates nh hn 30 micromol/g (Hertrampf & Pieddad-Pascual, 2000) c sn xut ti mt s quc gia vi tn gi Canola phn bit vi b ci cha hm lng cao cht khng dinh dng. Webster v ctv. (1997) cho thy c da trn M c th s dng n 36% Canola trong thc n khng nh hng n tng trng v hiu qu s dng thc n. Th nghim ti i Hc Nng Lm (Vn Hu Nht, 2009) vi 5 khu phn cha b ci c hm lng tng dn t 5% n 40% c cng thc nh bng 5. Trong bnh du nnh v cm go gim theo t l gia tng b ci. Cc khu phn c hm lng protein dao ng trong khong 30-31%, nng lng tiu ha 3150 kcal/kg. Lysine v D,L Methionine c b sung vo cc khu phn cn bng nhu cu lysine v methionine. Sau 12 tun nui th nghim vi 5 khu phn thc n trn (bng 5), t l sng ca c tra cc nghim thc khng khc nhau. iu ny cho thy khi gia tng t l s dng b ci n 40% khng nh hng n t l sng ca c. Tri li, tng trng v hiu qu s dng thc n gim khi gia tng t l s dng b ci trong thc n. T cc s liu trn bng 5, cho thy t l s dng b ci 10% thc n th tng trng v hiu qu s dng thc n khng khc nhau c ngha vi i chng mc d chng c gi tr thp hn so vi l i chng. iu ny bc u 285

cho thy, thc n cho c tra c th s dng ti a 10% b ci vi iu kin phi cn i nhu cu acid amin thit yu v nng lng thc n. Bng 5. Cng thc, thnh phn dinh dng ca cc khu phn v kt qu tng trng, hiu qu s dng thc n ca c tra sau 12 tun nui th nghim. CT 1 0% BC Cng thc B ci Cm go Du c Bnh du nnh 0,00 23,91 43,87 CT 2 5% BC 5,00 22,71 0,31 39,71 CT 3 10%BC 10,00 21,50 0,61 35,50 CT 4 CT 5 20%BC 30% BC 20,00 19,13 1,21 27,15 30 16,77 1,82 18,73 CT 6 40% BC 40,00 14,36 2,42 10,40

Thnh phn dinh dng Protein th (%) 31,22 30,90 30,89 30,99 30,36 30,25 Bo (th) 5,30 5,37 5,88 5,85 6,66 6,25 X th (%) 8,06 7,70 7,54 7,57 7,30 7,45 Khong (%) 10,10 9,90 10,00 9,70 9,50 9,10 Tng trng v hiu qu s dng thc n 30,1a 30,3a 30,4a 30,4a 30,5a 30,2a Trng lng u (g) 106,0a 97,8ab 97,9ab 91,4b 86,0b 70,4d Trng lng cui (g) a ab ab bc c 252,3 222,6 222,0 200,3 182,0 130,0 d Tng trng (%) Tng trng SGR 1,49 a 1,39 ab 1,39ab 1,31 bc 1,22 c 1,00d (%.ngy-1) Lng thc n tiu 1,90a 1,77a 1,80a 1,76a 1,73a 1,68a th (g/c/ngy) 2,00a 2,08 ab 2,13ab 2,24ab 2,54b 3,40c H s thc n (FCR) 91,4 a 90,5a 90,9 a 92,9a 93,8 a 94,3a T l sng (%) Cc gi tr trn cng hng c cng k t th khng khc nhau c ngha (P>0,05, Duncan test) Nng cao tiu ha thc n cho c tra, basa tiu ha thc n, c cng nh cc ng trn cn c mt h thng enzyme tiu ha ni sinh nh trypsin, pepsin, amylase, chitinase Tuy nhin, trong nguyn liu thc n c bit nguyn liu thc vt c cha mt s thnh phn m cc enzyme ni sinh ca thy sn khng th thy phn c nh cellulose, phytate, xylan. gip gia tng tiu ha cc thnh phn kh tiu trong thc n, mt s enzyme ngoi sinh c s dng b sung vo thc n. Ti Khoa Thy Sn, i Hc Nng Lm c hai th nghim nh gi hiu qu s dng ca ngoi enzyme trn c tra v basa. Th nghim nh gi hiu qu enzyme phytase trn c basa (P. bocourti) Trong cc nguyn liu thc vt, phospho dng phytic acid v lin kt cht ch vi Zn2+, Fe2+, cc acid amin v cc chui carbogydrate to phc hp phytate khng th tiu ha c. b p s thiu ht phospho trong thc n do kh nng tiu ha thp phospho, cc nh my thc n thng b sung 1-2% dicalci phosphate (DCP). gim s ph dng mi trng nc v m bo nhu cu phospho ca vt nui, gii php cho vn ny chnh l gia tng hu dng ca phospho trong thc n thng qua s dng cc enzyme tiu ha ngoi sinh 286

Phytase l mt enzyme c kh nng thy phn phytate gii phng phospho khi phc h phytate gia tng hu dng phospho thc n v cc thnh phn sinh dng khc. Th nghim trn thy sn c tin hnh trn c basa b sung phytase (RONOZYME) ca cng DSM dng bt trn vo thc n (Bng 6) Bng 6. Cng thc ca th nghim b sung phytase trong thc n c basa CT 1 i chng 5,00 53,53 23,27 0,00 0,00 CT 2 (1% DCP) 5,00 51,71 25.92 1,00 0,00 CT 3 (phytase 3) 5,00 53,53 23,27 0,00 0,03 CT 4 (Phytase 5) 5,00 53,52 23,27 0,00 0,06

Cng thc Cng thc thc n Bt c (%) Bnh du u nnh (%) Cm go (%) DCP (%) Phytase (%)

Th nghim tin hnh vi bn nghim thc thc n khc nhau, b tr theo kiu hon ton ngu nhin vi ba ln lp. CT 1 (i chng); CT 2 (B sung 1% DCP); CT 3 (b sung phytase 750 FYT/kg) v CT 4 (b sung phytase 1500 FYT/kg). C c cho n hai ln mt ngy vo 8 gi v 17 gi. Lng thc n ti a l 5% th trng. Sau thi gian nui th nghim 56 ngy vi 4 loi thc n (Thien Kim & Hung, 2008) cho thy c c biu hin khe mnh. T l sng ca cc nghim thc t 100%. iu ny chng t vic b sung phytase hon ton khng nh hng n t l sng ca c th nghim. Tc tng trng ca c cc nghim thc u c s khc bit sau 56 ngy nui. Cc nghim thc u c mc tng trng ln hn so vi i chng (CT1). Trong , nghim thc CT4 cho kt qu tng trng cao nht (47,79g) tip theo l cc nghim thc b sung DCP (45,25g) v b sung phytase CT3 (46,68g). S tng trng gia cc nghim thc u sai khc c ngha v mt thng k. H s thc n (FCR) ca c basa cc nghim thc u thp hn so vi nghim thc i chng. V cc gi tr FCR gia cc nghim thc u khc nhau c ngha v mt thng k (P<0,05). Chng t vic b sung DCP v phytase em li mt hiu qu r rng ln hiu qu s dng thc n ca c. nghim thc CT4 vi s b sung phytase ta nhn thy gi tr FCR l thp nht. iu ny c th gii thch phytase nh hng tch cc ln s thy phn phytate gii phng cc dng cht c tiu ha c nn h s thc n gim i em li hiu qu nht nh v mt kinh t. Nghim thc CT3 cng b sung phytase vi hm lng 750 FYT/kg cha gii phng ht cc dng cht trong phytate nn tng trng v hiu qu s dng thc n ca nghim thc ny thp hn nghim thc b sung DCP nhng cao hn nghim thc i chng. Nh vy qua th nghim ny cho thy b sung phytase vi hm lng 1500 FYT/kg (RONOZYME) gip c tng trng tt hn v hiu qu s dng thc n hn vic b sung DCP vo thc n. ng thi s dng phytase cng gip gim vic b sung phospho vo thc n lm gia tng lng phospho bi thi lm tng s nhim mi trng nc. Bng 7. Thnh phn dinh dng, tng trng v hiu qu s dng thc n ca c s dng phytase so snh vi nghim thc i chng v b sung DCP 287

Cng thc Thnh phn dinh dng Protein (%) Lipid (%) Khong tng s (%) Phospho tng (%) Calci (%)

CT 1 i chng

CT 2 (1% DCP)

CT 3 (phytase 3)

CT 4 (Phytase 5)

31,56 3,22 7,5 0,64 0,93

29,31 3,43 8,2 0,73 1,41

31,81 3,53 7,2 0,58 0,88

31,50 3,72 7,3 0,59 0,89

Tng trng v hiu qu s dng thc n Trng lng ban u (g) Trng lng cui (g) Tng trng (g) Tng trong SGR (%/ngy) H s thc n (FCR) 5,11 a 43,54 a 38,43 a 3,83 a 1,63 a 4,94 a 50,19b 45,25b 4,14bc 1,35 c 4,89 a 46,68c 41,59c 4,02b 1,53b 4,99 a 52,78d 47,79d 4,21 c 1,20 d

T l sng (%) 100,0 a 100,0a 100,0a 100,0a Cc gi tr trn cng hng c cng k t th khng khc nhau c ngha (P>0,05) Th nghim nh gi enzyme ALLZYME SSF Ngoi enzyme phytase, cc enzyme ngoi sinh khc cng c s dng gip gia tng tiu ha dng cht trong thc n. ALLZYME SSF l mt ngoi enzyme cha mt hn hp a enzyme bao gm Amylase, Beta Glucanase, Cellulase, Phytase, Pectinase, Protease and Xylase, c sn xut bi cng ty ALLTECH. Th nghim nh gi hiu qu s dng ca ALLZYME SSF c thc hin trn c tra v basa. Trong th nghim ny 6 cng thc thc n th nghim 2 yu t: mc enzyme trong thc n (0, 0,2 v 0,5 g/kg feed) v mc bt c trong thc n (bt c thp: 5% v bt c cao:15%). Enzyme dng bt c trn u vi cc nguyn liu v p vin nn trong my p vin v sy kh nhit 50-600C T s liu thc nghim trn, Leary v ctv. (2008) cho thy trn c tra v basa, thc n s dng t l cao bt c (15%) cho tng trng tt hn c s dng t l thp bt c (5%). Hm lng thp methionine trong nhm thc n s dng t l thp bt c c th l yu t gii hn tng trng. Bt k t l s dng bt c, s b sung enzyme vo thc n gip gia tng ng k tng trng v gip gim h s thc n (Bng 9 & 10). Trn c tra (bng 9) vic b sung enzyme gip c tng trng gn gp i nghim thc i chng. Kt qu cng cho kt qu tng t i vi c basa. Nhng cng thc c t l s dng bt c thp nhng b sung enzyme cho thy tng trng tng ng nhng nghim thc s dng t l cao bt c. iu ny cho thy b sung enzyme gip gia tng gi tr dinh dng ca nguyn liu, c bit nghim thc s dng liu thp bt c trong thc n cho c tra v basa (Leary v ctv., 2008).

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Bng 8. Thnh phn nguyn liu v thnh phn dinh dng ca 6 nghim thc n cho n trn c tra v basa. Nguyn liu/ Thnh Nghim thc phn dinh dng L-0 L-2 L-5 H-0 Bt c (%) 5,00 5,00 5,00 15,00 Bnh du nnh (%) 41,54 41,54 41,54 15,92 Cm go (%) 33,21 33,21 33,21 51,38 Khoai m (%) 16,05 16,05 16,05 13,50 Fish oil 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 Soybean oil 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 Premix 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Vitamin C 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 CMC 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 DCP 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 ALLZYME SSF 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.00 Protein th (%) 26,00 26,00 26,00 26,00 Lipid th (%) 5,15 5,15 5,15 7,00 NFE (%) 47,55 47,55 47,55 50,57 Khong (%) 8,28 8,28 8,28 10,17 X (%) 2,87 2,87 2,87 2,48 m (%) 10,15 10,15 10,15 10,46 Methionine (%) 0,42 0,42 0,42 0,55 Lysine (%) 1,68 1,68 1,68 1,72 CMC: carboxyl methyl celleulose; DCP: dicalci phosphate; NFE: dn xut khng m

H-2 15,00 15,92 51,38 13,5 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.20 1.00 1.00 0.02 26,00 7,00 50,57 10,17 2,48 10,46 0,55 1,72

H-5 15,00 15,92 51,38 13,5 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.20 1.00 1.00 0.05 26,00 7,00 50,57 10,17 2,48 10,46 0,55 1,72

Bng 9. Tng trng v hiu qu s dng thc n ca c tra (P. hypophthalmus) s dng 6 loi thc n trong 56 ngy Nghim thc Tng trng Trng lng u (g) Trng lng cui (g) Tng trng (g) SGR (%/ngy) T l sng (%) Hiu qu s dng thc n FCR PER L-0 13,89 a 35,8 a 21,9 a 1,69 a 85,83 a 2,29 c 0,84 a L-2 13,43a 49,33b 35,9 b 2,33 b 96,60 b 1,58bc 1,38 b L-5 13,97a 70,13c 56,17c 2,88 c 100,0 b 1,44 a 2,16 c H-0 13,43a 44,9b 31,47b 2,14b 96,60 b 1,73b 1,21b H-2 13,87a 67,17c 53,27c 2,82c 96,60 b 1,51a 2,05c H-5 13,4a 72,5c 59,13c 3,02c 96,60 b 1,41a 2,27c

Bng 10. Tng trng v hiu qu s dng thc n ca c basa s dng 6 loi thc n trong 56 ngy Nghim thc Tng trng Trng lng u (g) Trng lng cui (g) Tng trng (g) SGR (%/ngy) T l sng (%) L-0 5,88a 57,10a 51,21a 4,05 a 100,0a L-2 6,36a 80,64b 74,28c 4,55b 100,0 a 289 L-5 6,10a 82,47b 76,37 c 4,65 b 100,0 a H-0 5,62a 62,17b 56,50 ba 4,29 ab 100,0 a H-2 H-5

5,63a 5,92 a b 68,18 68,20 b b 62,28 62,28b 4,44 b 4,37 ab a 100,0 100,0 a

Hiu qu s dng thc n FCR 1,87 a PER 2,27ab TI LIU THAM KHO

1,31 c 3,13 c

1,36c 3,14c

1,75 ba 1,88a

1,53b 2,47b

1,50b 2,42 cb

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