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NH GI VIC S DNG CC NGUN NGUYN LIU LM THC N NUI C TRA (Pangasius hypophthalmus) TRONG B AN GIANG
Trn Th Thanh Hin1, Trn Vn Nh2, Trn L Cm T1, Nguyn Thanh Phng1

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to assess the current status of feed ingredients and feed types used in catfish culture in AnGiang in order to find solutions for reducing input cost and improving culture techniques of this species. Sixty farmers were randomly selected for interviewing on feed use and quality of feed ingredients. At the same time, ten cages from the well-established culture area in Chau Doc and new culture areas in Long Xuyen Districts were selected for monitoring water quality, analyzing feed samples, measuring fish growth and estimating cost-benefit of cage culture. The results showed that ricebrain and trash fish were the main ingredients for producing home-made feed, in which trash fish was used as the main protein source with protein content ranging from 44.1 to 69.2%. However, in the well-established culture area, protein content used in fish diets was low, from 17.9% to 20.6%. Meanwhile, in the new culture area, the protein content supplied was adjusted according to fish stages, from 22.2 to 29.9%. Flesh quality and growth of fish in the new culture area were better than those of fish in the wellestablished culture area. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish in the former was 2.59, compared to 3.16 in the latter. Therefore, production efficiency in the new culture area was higher than that in the well-established culture area. Keywords: home-made feed, Pangasius, fish growth, cage culture Title: Assessment of feed ingredients used in home-made feeds for ca tra (Pangasius hypophthalmus) cultured in cage

TM TT
ti c thc hin t thng 5/2004 n thng 4/2005 nhm nh gi vic s dng cc ngun nguyn liu lm thc n t ch nui c tra b, gp phn a ra bin php gim gi thnh nui v tng bc ci thin qui trnh k thut nui c tra. Thc hin iu tra 60 h nui c tra b v kho st trn 10 b c vng nui truyn thng (Chu c) v vng nui mi (Long Xuyn) v cc yu t k thut nui, nguyn liu phi ch thc n, sinh trng v nh gi hiu qu kinh t m hnh nui. Kt qu cho thy cm v c tp l hai thnh phn ch yu trong phi ch thc n nui c tra. C tp c s dng cc h nui nh l ngun cung cp m ch yu trong thc n, hm lng m ca c tp bin ng t 44,1-69,2 %. vng nui truyn thng hm lng cht m trong thc n thp (17,9-20,6%). Trong khi vng nui mi, hm lng m trong thc n cao p ng nhu cu dinh dng ca tng giai on pht trin ca c (22,2%-29,9%). Cht lng tht c thng phm, sinh trng v h s thc n ca c nui b vng nui mi tt hn so vi vng nui truyn thng. Do , hiu qu nui c tra trong b vng nui truyn thng cao hn vng nui mi. T kha: thc n t ch, Pangasius, sinh trng, nui b
1 2

Khoa Thu Sn Chi cc Thu Sn An Giang

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1 GII THIU T nhiu nm qua, An Giang lun dn u c nc v sn lng v kim ngch xut khu c nc ngt. Ngh nui thy sn y rt pht trin, ch lc l hai loi c tra v c basa. Xt v mt chi ph sn xut, chi ph thc n nui c tra chim 77,7% gi thnh sn xut (Nguyn Thanh Phng et al., 2004). V vy, thc n l khu quan trng quyt nh hiu qu kinh t trong m hnh nui c tra b. y, ngi nui s dng rt nhiu loi thc n, nhiu loi nguyn liu khc nhau phi ch thc n v phng thc phi ch cng a dng. Cc h nui c tra ch yu s dng cc loi nguyn liu t ph phm nng nghip sn c ti ch, r tin phi ch thc n nui c. Ngun nguyn liu phi ch thc n truyn thng thng l cm v c tp nc ngt c phi ch vi cc t l khc nhau. Trong nhng nm gn y cc ngun nguyn liu s dng lm thc n t ch trong nui c tra ngy cng phong ph nh c bin tp, cc loi cm t ph phm ch bin go xut khu, bt c, bt u nnh vvTy theo vng nui m ngi nui s dng v phi ch thc n vi cc cng thc khc nhau, iu ny c nh hng rt ln n hiu qu sn xut. Vic kho st nh gi gi tr dinh dng v s dng ngun nguyn liu v phng thc phi ch thc n nui c tra hin nay l cn thit lm c s cho vic nghin cu s dng hiu qu nguyn liu lm thc n nui c, gp phn ci thin qui trnh k thut nui c tra. 2 PHNG PHP NGHIN CU 2.1 iu tra, nh gi tnh hnh s dng nguyn liu ch yu lm thc n nui c tra Thu thp thng tin trc tip qua bng cu hi. Tin hnh iu tra l 60 h nui c tra v cc loi nguyn liu ch yu s dng c ti a bn nghin cu v cc loi nguyn liu ngoi nhp. Thu mu tt c cc loi nguyn liu khc nhau c mt ti cc vng nui c Mu nguyn liu thu c tin hnh phn tch thnh phn dinh dng v nh gi cc ch tiu v cht lng nguyn liu. 2.2 Kho st nh hng ca thc n phi ch ln s sinh trng v cht lng tht c nui trong b Trn c s iu tra 60 h nui c tra trong b tin hnh chn 10 b t cc vng nui c tra nghin cu kho st, trong chn 5 b vng nui c b Chu c (gi l vng nui c) v chn 5 b vng nui c b Long Xuyn (gi l vng nui mi). Vng nui c l vng nui c b truyn thng, vng nui ny hnh thnh t lc khi s ngh nui c b An Giang. Tp trung ven bin gii Vit Nam v Campuchia v vng ln cn ng ba sng Chu c. Vng nui mi l cc vng nui va c hnh thnh sau nm 1997, pha h lu sng Tin v sng Hu. Cc b chn nghin cu c kch thc trung bnh 660 174 m3 v u s dng thc n t ch. Ghi nhn kt qu: Mi b c 1 s nht k ghi chp hng ngy, sau v nui tng hp cc s liu nh gi kt qu. Cc ni dung ghi chp ch yu ca s nht k l lng thc n s dng, t l phi ch thc n, phng thc phi ch, theo di tng trng ca c, bin i mi trng nc, thu triu, hot ng ca c, lng

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c cht, x l ngun nc, thuc v ho cht phng tr bnh c. Ghi nhn, tng kt s liu v nh gi kt qu nui. Phng php thu mu v phn tch cc ch tiu theo di: nh k mi thng ca v nui thu mu nguyn liu v thc n phi ch cc b phn tch nh gi thnh phn dinh dng. Mu c thu hach c thu 3 con /b phn tch thnh phn ha hc. Phng php phn tch thnh phn ha hc ca thc n v nguyn liu theo AOAC (2000). Tnh ton tng trng tuyt i theo ngy DWG (g/ngy), h s tiu tn thc n (FCR), t l sng v cc ch tiu kinh t. nh gi cht lng tht c theo tiu chun nh gi mu sc tht c bng phng php cm quan ca cc b phn thu mua nguyn liu thuc cc cng ty ch bin thy sn ng lnh. 2.3 Phng php x l s liu S liu ghi nhn c x l v tnh ton gi tr trung bnh, lch chun trn chng trnh Excell. S dng phng php thng k m t phn tch, nh gi cc ni dung ti a bn nghin cu. 3 KT QU V THO LUN 3.1Ngun nguyn liu v gi tr dinh dng nguyn liu lm thc n nui c tra Qua kt qu iu tra cho thy ngun nguyn liu ph bin s dng nui c tra hin nay l cm go, tm, c tp, bt c v bt u nnh. Trong cm go v c tp l hai ngun nguyn liu chnh.
Bng 1: Tnh hnh s dng (% s h) nguyn liu c tra thng phm trong b

Nguyn liu Cm C tp Bt c Bt u nnh Tm Men Vitamin 3.1.1 Cm go

Vng nui truyn thng Vng nui mi 100 100 100 80,0 5,56 60,0 40,0 11,1 13,3 6,67 11,1 20,0

Lng cm cc loi cung cp cho cc vng nui c tra cc tnh BSCL c khong 280.000-300.000 tn/nm. Lng cm ny cung cp cho cc h nui c t phi ch thc n. Ring lng cm phc v cho cc nh my sn xut thc n cng nghip th cha c tnh c v h s dng nhiu ngun cm trong nc v ngun cm ngoi nhp. Hin nay c nhiu loi cm dng lm thc n nui c tra. T ba loi cm c bn l cm y, cm lau bass 1 v cm lau bass 2, ngi ta ch bin thm cc loi cm khc nh: cm sy, cm trch ly, cm pha. Trong m hnh nui c tra b ngi nui s dng loi cm bass 2 phi ch thc n v loi ny c nhiu bt go lm cht kt dnh khi nu trn vi cc nguyn liu khc.

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Bng 2 : c im ca cc loi cm dng lm thc n trong nui c tra

Loi cm c im 1. Cm y: Cm xay go thng, hoc xay trng t cc nh my xay qui m nh. Go ny dng bn ni a khng xut khu. Loi cm ny c ln nhiu tm dng ht v c t bt go. 2. Cm lau: Cm c chut ra t go xay x (go mi bc lp v tru). Cm lau c 2 loi l cm lau bass 1 v bass 2. Sn phm go t cng on xay xt ny ch yu dng xut khu. 3. Cm bass 1: Cn gi l cm lau kh v trong qu trnh lau chut khng c phun thm nc. Cm loi ny t bt go hn loi cm bass 2. 4. Cm bass 2: Cn gi l cm lau t v trong qu trnh lau go ngi ta c dng k thut phun nc lm bng ht go. Cm bass 2 c m cao, khng bo qun lu c nh cc loi cm khc. Loi cm ny c rt nhiu tinh bt v bt go b chut ra trong qu trnh xay xt giai on ny rt nhiu. 5. Cm sy: Cm qua sy kh bo qun c lu hn. Sy v bo qun cc kho. 6. Cm trch ly: Cm c trch ly du (cht bo) nhm gim cht du bo qun c lu hn v trnh c hin tng i du, ng thi cm loi ny c hm lng m cao hn. 7. Cm pha: Cm c pha trn li vi nhau theo yu cu mua bn, thng c cc cch pha trn nh: Cm (cc loi) pha vi bt m, cm (cc loi) pha thm tm, cm lau bass 1 pha vi cm lau bass 2.

Kt qu phn tch hm lng m trong mt s loi cm m cc h nui c tra s dng lm thc n t ch dao ng trong khong t 8,34-16,3% (Bng 31). Cm ly trch du c hm lng m cao nht (16,3%) do c ly trch mt lng ln cht bo. Hm lng m thp nht l cm lau kh (8,34%). Kt qu ny tng ng vi cc kt qu phn tch mt s loi cm trong mt s nghin cu trc y ca NRC. Kt qu phn tch hm lng cht bo trong cc nguyn liu th cm ly trch du c hm lng cht bo thp nht (2,76%) k n l cm lau t (5,6%). Hin nay ngi nui thch chn mua cm lau t phi ch thc n v cm ny c hm lng m n nh (12,4%) v c bt go nhiu d lm do thc n khi nu v phi trn. Tuy nhin, kh ca cm lau t kh thp (83,6%), v vy gp kh khn trong bo qun. i vi vn s dng cm hin nay, mt tr ngi thng gp l do cm c hm lng cht bo cao, d b oxy ha. S dng cm b oxy ha lm thc n cho c s nh hng n sc khe, sinh trng v c cht lng ca sn phm.
Bng 3: Kt qu phn tch thnh phn dinh dng ca cc loi cm v tm

Protein th (%) Cm trch ly du 16,3 12,6 Cm sy 12,4 Cm lau t 8,34 Cm lau kh 13,1 Cm y 11,4 Cm pha Tm 8,76

Nguyn liu

Bo th (%) 2,76 12 5,6 7,44 13,3 8,05 0,99

Tro (%) 10,3 7,35 4,9 30,3 8,03 4,96 0,42

kh (%) 90,6 91,7 83,6 89,8 87,8 87,8 86,7

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3.1.2 C tp C tp c ngi nui c tra s dng nh l ngun cung cp m ch yu cng vi bt c v bt u nnh. Kt qu kho st cho thy, ngi nui s dng c tp trong phi ch thc n nhiu hn cc nguyn liu cung cp m khc. C hai ngun c tp l c tp nc ngt v c tp bin (c bin). Tuy nhin, hin nay ngi dn s dng ch yu l c bin. S lng c bin cung cp cho cc vng nui c cc tnh khu vc BSCL c tnh khong 100.000- 120.000 tn/ nm, ch yu l cung cp cho vic nui c tra. Nh vy, c mi ngy s lng c bin cung cp cho cc vng nui c tra khong 300 tn/ngy. C rt nhiu nhm c bin c cung cp lm thc n nui c tra xut hin ti cc vng nui, tn nhm c y c gi thng nht gia ngi mua v ngi bn vi nhau. Mi nhm c cn c chia ra loi c rt (c mt loi c chim a s) v c ln tp (c ln nhiu loi c khc). C cc nhm ch yu sau: nhm c cm, c nc, c trch, c lit, c ch vng, c xy, c b ang cung cp cho cc vng nui c tra An Giang (Bng 4).
Bng 4: Danh sch cc loi c bin lm thc n nui c tra v tn s xut hin

STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 20 22 23 24 25 26

Tn a phng C trch C mi C cm C lng tiu C lit trn C lit di C ba th C nc C ch vng C chai C ng chm C phn C hng bin C lc C h C n cy C li tru C nc C b Mc Tm bin nh Ruc Gh

Tn Khoa hc Harengula sp Anodontostoma chacunda Commersonii anchovy Hemibagrus sp Leiognathus equalus Leiognathus sp Rastrelliger brachysoma Rastrelliger brachysoma Selaroides leptolepis Platycephalus sp Caesio sp Upeneus sp Datnioides sp Muraenexos sp Trachyrhampus rerratus Tripauchen vagina Cynoglossa lingua Tetraodon patoca Stephanolepis sp Octopus sp Parapenaeopsis sp Acetes vulgris Portunus sp

Tn s xut hin +++ + +++ + +++ ++ + +++ +++ + + ++ + ++ + + ++ + ++ + + ++ +

Kt qu iu tra ghi nhn a s ngi nui chn mua nhm c cm phi ch thc n v c cm c hm lng m tng i n nh v c cm c kch thc nh nn ngi nui c th b qua cng on xay nhuyn thc n. Theo kt qu iu tra ti cc im cung cp, c bin c nh bt t cc vng ven bin Kin

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Giang, C Mau, Bc Liu, Sc Trng, Tr Vinh, Bn Tre, Tin Giang, Vng Tu. Tuy nhin, ngun c bin c cung cp ch yu t tnh Kin Giang, c tnh chim khong 90% s lng v c cung cp cho cc vng nui c An Giang, ng Thp, Cn Th v Vnh long. Kt qu phn tch thnh phn m cc loi cc tp bin ng t 44,1% n 69,2%. Nhm c hm lng m cao nht l nhm c h, c trch, c cm. i vi u c nc hoc u c nc v c trch th hm lng m thp 44,1-49,3% so vi cc nhm c khc. Hm lng khong ca nhm u c kh cao (22-23,4%) trong khi c tp l 11,5-16,9%.
Bng 5: Kt qu phn tch thnh phn dinh dng ca c nhm c tp (tnh theo khi lng kh)

Nguyn liu C trch (ln c cm) C trch ln c khc C nc rc (Ph Quc) C nc rc (Tin Giang) C cm ln c khc C cm rc C h (ln c lc) u c nc (Tin Giang) u c nc ln c trch

Protein th (%) 55,8 67,4 63,0 65,8 67,3 64,7 69,2 49,2 44,1

Bo th (%) 17,1 18,7 18,0 19,2 17,2 17,9 19,2 16,4 15,8

Tro (%) 11,4 16,1 16,8 15,5 16,7 16,8 12,8 22,0 13,3

Cht m ng vai tr quan trng nht trong thnh phn ha hc ca thc n. Cht m t c c ng vt thy sn tiu ha rt tt (>90%), cung cp y cc acid amin cn thit cho c. Hm lng cht bo ca cc loi c tp khng khc nhau nhiu, dao ng trong khong t 15,3-19,3. C tp y c hm lng cht bo kh cao v cng l ngun cung cp cc acid bo cn thit v nng lng trong thc n cho c. Kt qu phn tch hm lng khng sinh trong c tp Su mu c tp ang phn phi cho cc h nui c b cc vng nui c thu ngu nhin phn tch d lng khng sinh Chloramphenicol (CAP). Kt qu cho thy, khng pht hin (ND) d lng khng sinh chloramphenicol trong mu nguyn liu c tp. iu ny cho thy trong phn phi, mua bn c tp khng c dng khng sinh bo qun c tp c ti lu hn. a s cc tu, ghe, xe bo qun v vn chuyn c tp bng nc lnh. Kt qu phn tch thi ca c tp Ch s thi (TVN) ca c tp cho bit ti ca nguyn liu. TVN ca c nguyn liu c 3 mc : c ti, c n, c thi. Pike v Hardy (1997) a ra TVN ca c ti l 14 mgN/100g, c n l 30 mgN/100g v c thi l 50 mgN/100g. Kt qu phn tch thi ca c tp t 11 mu c c thu ngu nhin cho thy ch s TVN (mgN/100g) bin ng trong khong 84-148 mgN/100g, TVN trung bnh l 113,225,6 mgN/100g. Nguyn nhn ca kt qu ny l do thi gian t lc c bin c nh bt cho n khi n ngi nui phi ch thc n thng mt t 3-5 ngy,

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c bin b phn hy rt nhiu v khng cn ti. Theo Pike v Hardy (1997), trong ch bin bt c th c tp c ch s TVN t 22-143 mgN/100g. 3.1.3 Bt c
Bng 6: Kt qu phn tch thnh phn dinh dng ca cc loi bt c

Nguyn liu* Bt c 60% m Bt c 60% m Bt c 55% m Bt c 55% m Bt c 55% m

Protein th (%) 58 53,2 44,4 44,6 42,6

Bo th (%) 13,2 7,98 8,91 10,1 9,86

Tro (%) 24,3 28,2 15,9 15,7 28,2

kh (%) 88,4 83,6 91,3 91 90,6

* Hm lng m ghi trn nhn bao b

Qua kho st cho thy, cc loi bt c c ngun gc ngoi nhp v bt c ca mt s doanh nghip ln c cht lng n nh, hm lng cc cht ng vi cc ch tiu ghi trn nhn mc. a s bt c ni a ca cc doanh nghip, c s sn xut nh thng th cc ch tiu cht lng khi phn tch khng ng vi cht lng ghi trong nhn mc, hm lng m rt bin ng v thp (c bt c 55% m khi phn tch ch c 42,6% m. iu ny cho thy cn phi tng cng cng tc kim tra cht lng nguyn liu ny nhm hn ch gy thit hi cho ngi nui thy sn. 3.1.4 Bt u nnh Hin nay, ngi nui c tra bit s dng bnh du u nnh trong phi ch thc n. Bnh u u nnh c nhp khu t cc ngun khc nhau v c cht lng n nh, kt qu phn tch cc ch tiu cht lng thng cao hn so vi s cng b cht lng. Kt qu iu tra ghi nhn ch yu c 2 loi bnh du u nnh: loi bc v 47-48% m v loi cn v 44 % m. Hin nay bt u nnh li trch du l sn phm c s dng ph bin trong thc n cho c. Do ngun cung cp n nh v cht lng v di do v s lng p ng yu cu pht trin khng ngng ca sn xut v c bit l gi thnh ca protein thc vt thp hn so vi bt c nn ngi nui hin nay c xu hng dng bt u nnh thay th mt phn bt c trong phi ch thc n cho c Tra.
Bng 7: Kt qu phn tch thnh phn dinh dng ca bt u nnh

Nguyn liu

Protein th (%) Bt u nnh 44% m 45,6 Bt u nnh 48% m 48,9 Bt u nnh 47% m 47,5

Bo th (%) 3,15 2,65 3,05

Tro (%) 6,99 7,3 7,2

kh (%) 87,5 87,7 87,1

3.2 Kt qu kho st nui c tra trong b bng thc n t ch 3.2.1 Nguyn liu v cng thc phi ch thc n vng nui truyn thng cc b s dng hon ton nguyn liu a phng lm thc n cho c nh cm, c tp v tm trong sut chu k nui, duy nht c mt b b sung bt u nnh vo 3 thng cui (Hnh 1a). Trong kh vng nui mi ngun nguyn liu s dng phong ph hn, ngoi ngun nguyn liu chnh l cm
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v c tp, cc b nui cn b sung thm bt c, bt u nnh vi t l kh cao (Hnh 1b). Mt im khc na l cc b vng nui truyn thng u s dng tm trong khi vng nui mi th khng c b no s dng.
100 T l phi trn (%) 80 60 40 20 0 Cm Tm C tp u nnh 100 T l phi trn (%) 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 3 Thng 4 5 6 Cm u nnh C tp Bt c Tm Tu h

3 Thng 4

Hnh 1: Thnh phn v t l phi trn nguyn liu trong cng thc thc n (A). Vng nui truyn thng; (B). Vng nui mi

V t l cc nguyn liu phi trn thc n qua cc thng, vng nui truyn thng, cm lun chim t l cao hn c tp trong sut chu k nui. Trong khi vng nui mi nhng thng u t l c tp c s dng kh cao (chim hn 50% lng nguyn liu phi ch). Ngoi ra, t l bt c v bt u nnh c b sung cng kh cao, vo cc thng u v nui l 15,9-20,5% v cc thng sau l 10,2-15,6%. Do vic s dng ngun nguyn liu v t l phi ch khc nhau nn kt qu phn tch thnh phn ha hc ca thc n hai vng nghin cu khc nhau i vi vng nui truyn thng hm lng cht m hu nh khng c s thay i ln trong sut chu k nui t 17,9-20,6% (hnh 2a). Trong khi vng nui mi, hm lng m trong cng thc thc n cao v gim dn theo qu trnh tng trng ca c, c cn nh thc n c m l 29,9% v lc c gn thu hoch th thc n c m gim cn 22,2% (hnh 2b). Kt qu ny cho thy cc h vng nui mi am hiu kh tt v nhu cu dinh dng ca c cng nh phng thc phi ch thc n cho c tra v cn i hm lng m trong thc n ph hp vi tiu chun ngnh v thc n cho c tra.
Hm lng trong thc n (%)

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2

Hm lng trong thc n (%)

Cht m

Cht bo

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Cht m

Cht bo

Thng

T hng

Hnh 2: Hm lng cht m, cht bo trong cng thc thc n (A). Vng truyn thng; (B). Vng nui mi

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Hm lng cht bo trong thc n phi ch c hai vng nui u kh cao (911%), cao hn so vi tiu chun ngnh (4-5%) v tng ng vi mc cht bo thch hp c ngh cho c nheo M l 7-10% (Wilson v Moreau, 1996). 3.2.2 T l sng v sinh trng ca c T l sng ca c tra nui vng nui truyn thng l 88,6% v vng nui mi c c t l sng cao hn (90,5%). Kt qu theo di sinh trng ca c tra b hai vng nui qua cc thng cho thy tng trng tuyt i ngy (DWG) ca c b vng nui mi (5,122,28 g/ngy) cao hn c nui b vng nui truyn thng (4,960,48 g/ngy) (Bng 8). iu ny c l gii l do thnh phn nguyn liu v hm lng dinh dng ca thc n t ch ca cc h vng nui mi l tt hn, ph hp vi nhu cu dinh dng ca c.
Bng 8: Tng trng v t l sng ca c tra nui b

B nui Vng nui truyn thng Vng nui mi

DWG (g/ngy) 100,515,3 997,3208,6 4,960,48 102,319,8 1016,4153,6 5,122,28

Wu (g)

Wcui (g)

T l sng (%) 88,63,2 90,5 2,7

3.2.3 Cht lng c thng phm Kt qu phn tch thnh phn ha hc ca c thng phm ca cc b nui ti 2 vng cho thy hm lng m ca c nui bng thc n t ch dao ng trong khong t 33,8-39,7%. Hm lng m ca c vng nui mi (39,7%) cao hn so vi c vng nui c (33,8%). Tri li hm lng cht bo ca c vng nui truyn thng (55,8%) li cao hn. Kt qu nghin cu ca Nguyn Thanh Phng (1998) trn c basa cho thy, khi tng hm lng m trong thc n th hm lng m trong c tng ln, hm lng cht bo ca c cao khi c n thc n c hm lng m thp. Kt qu ny cng c ghi nhn c h, c tra (Trn Th Thanh Hin et al., 2004). Nh vy, cht lng ca c vng nui mi tt hn vng nui truyn thng v thc n chnh l yu t quyt nh n kt qu ny.
Bng 9: Thnh phn ha hc ca c thng phm nui b

Vng nui Vng nui truyn thng Vng nui mi

Thnh phn ha hc (%) Cht m Cht bo 33,81,13 55,81,34 39,70,35 52,852,8

Khong 5,790,27 6,530,56

Kt qu nh gi mu sc tht c tra nui b hai vng nui u cho kt qu tt, tht c c mu sc trng loi 1 (T1). C tra nui trong m hnh nui b thng c mu sc tht phi l tt v c sng trong mi trng nc chy lin tc, mi trng nc t rong to nn c khng b nh hng bi cc cht to mu sc. 3.2.4 Chi ph thc n v hiu qu sn xut Kt qu nghin cu cho thy c nui b vng nui mi c h s tiu tn thc n (FCR) l 2,59, trong khi vng nui truyn thng FCR ln n 3,16. Chi ph thc n trn 1 kg c l 8.449 /kg vng nui truyn thng v 7.474 /kg vng nui mi (Bng 10).
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Bng 10: Tng hp cc ch tiu kinh t k tht nui c b hai vng nui

Cc ch tiu kinh t k thut B nui truyn thng n gi thc n bnh qun (/kg) 2.673 H s thc n 3,16 Chi ph thc n (ng/kg c) 8.449 T l chi ph thc n/gi thnh nui (%) 75,4

B nui mi 2.885 2,59 7.474 70,5

Cc b nui thu hoch c khng u c nhau, ph thuc rt ln vo th trng mua bn nguyn liu c tht, gi bn c tht bin ng rt ln trong nhng thng cui nm 2004. C b bn c khi c c kch c cn nh (850 gam/con) v cng c b phi ch gi khi c t c 1.350 gam/con. Gi c tht bn c vng nui truyn thng thp khong 11.200-11.700 /kg, do c 2 b thu hoch b l (mt b l 25 triu ng v mt b l n 231 triu ng). Cc b c nui vng nui mi gi c tra cao hn (11.000- 12.200 /kg) v gi c c tnh theo t l ch bin thnh phm Cc b c vng nui mi c c nui bng thc n c m cao v cc thnh phn dinh dng nn t l tht c phi l t cao, do gi bn cao v t t sut li nhun cao (Bng 11).
Bng11: Tng hp cc ch tiu kinh t ca b nui c tra hai vng nui

Cc ch tiu Nng sut (kg/m3) Gi thnh nui (/kg) Gi bn trung bnh Li (/kg) T sut li nhun (li/chi ph)

Vng nui truyn thng 122 11.205 11.280 183 2,2

Vng nui mi 107 10.601 12.180 1.340 17,9

Nh vy kt qu nghin cu trn hai vng nui c b bng thc n t ch cho thy, cc h vng nui mi s dng nguyn liu v thc n hp l hn so vi vng nui truyn thng. iu ny gip cho c tng trng nhanh, t l sng cao, c bit l cht lng tht c ci thin r rt. Do chi ph sn xut thp, gi bn sn phm cao, nng cao hiu qu kinh t ca ngi nui c b. 4 KT LUN V XUT 4.1 Kt lun Ngun cung cp nguyn liu a phng lm thc n cho c tra hin nay l cm, c bin tp v bt c. C tp c s dng nh l ngun cung cp m ch yu trong thc n, hm lng m cc loi c tp khong 44,1-69,2%. vng nui truyn thng hm lng cht m trong thc n khng c s thay i ln trong sut v nui (17,9-20,6%). Trong khi vng nui mi, hm lng m trong cng thc thc n cao hn, ph hp vi nhu cu dinh dng theo tng giai an sinh trng ca c (22,2 29,9%). T l sng, tc tng trng ca c b vng nui mi cao hn c nui b vng truyn thng, trong khi h s tiu tn thc vng nui truyn thng li cao hn vng nui mi. Chi ph thc n chim t l cao nht trong c cu gi thnh nui c tra b vi 74,5% vng nui truyn thng v 70,5 % vng nui mi. Cht lng v hiu qu sn xut vng nui mi cao hn vng nui truyn thng.
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4.2 xut - Nghin cu nh gi kh nng tiu ha cc ngun nguyn liu a phng ca c tra cc giai on khc nhau. - Nghin cu thit lp cng thc thc n phi ch t cc ngun nguyn liu sn c cho c tra nui thng phm cc giai on pht trin khc nhau qui m nng h. TI LIU THAM KHO
Nguyn Thanh Phng v Trn Th Thanh Hin. 1999. Nghin cu nhu cu dinh dng v ch bin thc n nui c basa. Tp ch khoa hc, i Hc Cn Th. Nguyn Thanh Phng, Trn Minh c, Nguyn Vn Sn v u Th nh Nguyt. 2004. ng dng cng ngh nhm nng cao cht lng v h gi thnh sn phm (tm cng xanh, c tra, basa, r phi) tnh An Giang. Bo co chuyn khoa hc, i hc Cn Th. NRC (Nation Reseach Council), 1993. Nutrient requirements of fishes. National Academic Press, Washington, USA, 114p.
Phng, N.T. 1998. Pangasius catfish cage aquaculture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: current situation analysis and studies for feeding improvement. PhD Thesis.

Pike, I.H and R.W. Hardy. 1997. Standards for Assessing Quality of Feed Ingredients, In: Crustacean Nutrition, World Aquaculture Society, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. Trn Th Thanh Hin, Dng Thy Yn, Nguyn Thanh Phng. 2004. Nghin cu nhu cu cht m, cht bt ng v pht trin thc n cho ba loi c trn nui ph bin c basa (Pangasius bocourti), c tra (Pangasius hypophthalmus), c h (Pangasius conchophilus) giai on ging. Trng i hc Cn Th, ti cp b. Wilson, R.P and Moreau. 1996. Nutrient requirements of catfish. Aquatic living resourse, 9: 103- 111.

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