NGHIN CU S DNG BT C QUNG BNH LM THC N CHO G

THT NUI CNG NGHIP

A study on Quangbinh fishmeal as feed for broilers
Tn Tht Sn1, Nguyn Th Mai, Hong Vn Mn
SUMMARY
To evaluate the potential value of Quangbinh fishmeal as feed for broilers, a study was undertaken.
It was shown that Quangbinh fishmeal was high in crude protein (61.9%) and metabolizable energy
(2.930 Kcal/kg). It was rich in the essential amino acids required for broiler maintenance and growth,
especially lysine, methionine and tryptophan with correspondening values of 5.31, 1.63 and 0.82 %. The
results of a comparative study on 3 sources of fishmeal from Camau, Malaysia and Quangbinh in Kabir
broiler diets indicated that use of Quangbinh fishmeal led to improvement of feed conversion ratio (FCR)
by 4.56%, production number (PN) of 159 and Economic Number (EN) of 43.45.
Key words: Fishmeal, QuangBinh, Camau, Malaysia, quality, broilers

1. T VN

Bt c l ngun thc n b sung protein

ng vt c cht lng cao, y cc
axit amin khng thay th nh lysine,
methionine, isoleucine.. (Fin, 1999), cc
nguyn t khong v mt s vitamin quan
trng nh vitamin B12, D, E...
Hin nay, hng nm nc ta sn xut
c khong 6000 - 9000 tn bt c, phn
ln cc c s sn xut bt c u tp trung
cc tnh pha Nam nh: Kin Giang, C Mau,
Vng Tu... v cung cp cho th trng
nhiu loi bt c: bt c Ba Hn, T Chu,
bt c Nng, bt c C Mau, bt c Minh
Hi, bt c Kin Giang... Song, ngun bt c
trong nc cn cha p ng c c v cht
lng v s lng cho ngnh chn nui ni
chung v ngnh ch bin thc n gia sc ni
ring. c tnh nhu cu v bt c hin nay
nc ta l 100000 tn/nm. V vy, cc trang
1

Khoa Chn nui Th y, i hc Nng nghip I

tri ln v cc x nghip ch bin thc n gia

sc hng nm vn phi b ra mt lng

ngoi t khng nh nhp khong 26000
tn bt c t mt s nc nh: Pru, Chi l,
Malaysia, Thi Lan... (Nguyn Vn Hng,
1999).

Tnh Qung Bnh l mt tnh min Trung,

c b bin di 116 km, t o Ngang n
H C, chiu rng ca bin khong 119
km vi vng c quyn lnh hi khong
20.000 km2. Bin Qung Bnh c mt ti
nguyn thu sn tng i ln v tr
lng v rt phong ph v cc loi hi
sn. Qung Bnh c chng trnh nghin
cu sn xut bt c lm thc n chn nui.
Nghin cu ny c tin hnh nhm
nh gi cht lng ca bt c do Qung
Bnh sn xut trong chn nui g cng
nghip c c s khoa hc nhm khuyn
co vi ngi chn nui.

2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

Nghin cu c tin hnh ti Phng

phn tch ca b mn Thc n - Vi sinhng c, Khoa Chn nui - Th y; Trung
tm V.A.C Trng i hc Nng nghip
I.
2.1 Phn tch thnh phn ho hc ca bt
c v thc n

Bt c c sy trn l sy tnh, v ngang

ti tri ln ging c Ninh -Trung tm
khuyn nng Qung Bnh. Phn tch thnh
phn axit amin ca bt c Qung Bnh ti
Vin Cng ngh Sinh hc Trung tm
Khoa hc t nhin v Cng ngh Quc
gia. Phn tch hm lng tryptophan,
lysine ti phng phn tch - Vin Cng
ngh sau thu hoch.
- nh lng hm lng v vt cht kh
theo TCVN - 4326-86: Hm lng nc
trong thc n l khi lng nc mt i
khi sy mu 103 2oC n khi lng
khng i v c biu th phn trm
khi lng mu a vo th. T l vt
cht kh (%) =100 - T l nc (%).
- Hm lng x th c xc nh theo tiu
chun Vit Nam (1986) TCVN - 4327-86,
AOAC (1975). Thu phn mu bng dung
dch axit v kim trong thi gian nht nh
tch cc cht protein, cht bo, bt
ng ra khi mu. Phn cn li l x
th gm: hemicellulose, cellulose, ligin,
sillic.
- Khong tng s (tro th) nh lng theo
TCVN - 4328-86: tro ho mu thc n
nhit 500 - 570oC
- Protein th: xc nh theo TCVN - 432986, AOAC (1975): Dng axit sunfuric
m c v cht xc tc v c ho
mu. Chng ct amoniac vo dung dch
axit, chun xc nh lng amoniac thu
c, t xc nh lng nit tng s.
Tnh lng protein th (%) = N% 6,25

- Cht bo th: nh lng theo TCVN-432186: cht bo c chit sut bng ete etylic
hay ete du trong b soxhlet.
- nh lng NaCl theo AOAC (1975):
Mui n (NaCl) c kh nng ho tan trong
nc. Khi chun dung dch bng bc
nitrat (AgNO3), ion Ag+ s kt hp vi ion
Cl- to thnh kt ta bc clorua.
- c tnh gi tr nng lng trao i
(ME): nng lng trao i (ME) ca bt
c c tnh theo phng php ca NRC,
(1994): ME (kcal/kg bt c) = 35,87 x%
VCK + 42,09 x% lipit - 34,08 x% tro th
2.2. Th nghim trn ng vt

* Th nghim s dng bt c Qung Bnh

c tin hnh vi 135 g con ging
Kabir mt ngy tui trn ba l theo s
b tr th nghim 1
S 1. S b tr th nghim
Yu t th nghim

L 1

L 2

L 3

S g (n)

45

45

45

Bt c

C Mau

Malaysia

Qung Bnh

Cc ch tiu theo di
- Khi lng g th nghim
Cn g cc thi im 1 ngy, 7, 14, 28,
35, 42, 49, 56 v 63 ngy tui. Cn vo ngy
gi c nh, trc khi cho n bui sng, cn
tng con mt. G t 1- 21 ngy tui cn bng
cn in t c chnh xc 0,1g. G t 28-63
ngy tui cn bng cn ng h c chnh
xc 5g
- Lng thc n thu nhn (LTATN)
Hng ngy cn chnh xc lng thc n
vo mng cho g n. vo mt gi nht nh ca
ngy hm sau vt sch lng thc n tha trong
mng v em cn li.
- Hiu qu s dng thc n (HQSDTA)
c nh gi bng tiu tn thc n v chi
ph thc n cho 1 kg tng trng ti cc thi
im 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 v 9 tun tui.
- Kho st cht lng thn tht

Theo phng php ca Ban gia cm Vin

hn lm khoa hc c nm 1972, dn theo
Nguyn Ch Bo (1978)). Mi l chn 3 trng,
3 mi c khi lng tng ng khi lng
trung bnh mi l.
- Ch s sn xut (PN)
PN =

P (T l nui sng (%)

10 (Hiu qu s dng thc n(kg) (S ngy nui)

* P: Khi lng sng (g/con)

- Ch s kinh t (EN) (Economic Number)

EN =

PN*
1000
Chi ph thc n cho 1 kg tng trng

* PN: Ch s sn xut

2.3. Phng php x l s liu

Tt c mi s liu ca th nghim, c
x l theo phng php thng k sinh hc
(Thomas & Jackson, 1981), trn phn
mm Excel 97 v IRRISTAT.

3. KT QU V THO LUN
3.1.Thnh phn ho hc v gi tr dinh
dng ca mt s loi bt c
Hm lng protein th trong bt c
Qung Bnh t kh cao, xp x vi cc loi
bt c c uy tn trong nc ang c th
trng a chung nh: Bt c Ba Hn, C
Mau v bt c T Chu. Hm lng protein
trong bt c Qung Bnh ch thua km bt c
Malaysia 0,21% (bng 1) v 1,11% (theo kt
qu phn tch ca Cc Khuyn nng, 2001).
Nh vy, vi kt qu phn tch v ch tiu
hm lng protein th c th xp bt c
Qung Bnh vo loi bt c c cht lng tt
(bt c loi I). y l mt kt qu ng ghi
nhn, gp phn tng thm sn lng bt c c
cht lng cao trong nc cung cp cho
ngnh chn nui ni chung v ngnh ch bin
thc n chn nui ni ring

Bng 1. Thnh phn ho hc ca mt s loi bt c

Protein th

Lipit th

X th

Tro th

9,17 0,39

61,290,31

6,570,29

0,260,08

8,65 1,06

61,4 0,63

5,930,03

Malaysia *

9,2

62,4

C Mau

9,83 0,41

C Mau*

T Chu**
Ba Hn **

Nc

ME (Kcal/kg)

Mui
(%)

17,740,26

293018,4

2,250,17

0,440,06

22,570,46

275762,4

1,190,39

6,50

0,49

22,20

2774

2,20

60,170,96

7,050,12

0,500,08

20,280,60

283916,0

1,340,32

8,35

59,71

9,53

0,81

21,25

2964

1,57

9,57

61,78

6,12

1,51

18,25

2879

2,12

9,3

60,12

8,60

1,32

19,14

2963

1,78

Loi bt c

Q. Bnh

10

Malaysia

X ES (%)

Ghi ch: * Cc khuyn nng (2001), ** Nguyn Th Mai (2001)

Q.Bnh: Qung Bnh

3.2. Thnh phn axit amin ca mt s loi

bt c bt c

Bt c rt giu cc axit amin khng thay

th, c bit l cc axit amin hn ch
gia cm nh methionine, lysine,
tryptophan... Bt c Qung Bnh, c

cha hn 10 loi axit amin khng thay

th. Hm lng tryptophan, trong cc
loi bt c Qung Bnh, C Mau v
Malysia tng ng l: 0,82; 0,55 v
0,53%. Bt c Qung Bnh c hm
hng tryptophan cao nht, cao hn bt
c Pru v Chil (0,77 v 0,78%). Kt

qu phn thch hm lng cc axit amin

cn li ca 3 loi bt c trong th nghim
u tng ng nhau. T kt qu trn
chng ti nhn xt rng bt c Qung
Bnh giu cc axit amin khng thay th

v l ngun thc n b sung giu protein

rt tt vo thc n hn hp cho gia cm,
cht lng bt c Qung Bnh khng
thua km cc loi bt c sn xut trong
nc v nhp t nc ngoi.

Bng 2. Thnh phn axit amin ca mt s loi bt c

Qung Bnh

Ch tiu

X mx

C Mau

Malasysia

Thi Lan*

Peru*

Chil*

VCK (%)

91

90,5

90,7

91

91

91

Methionine

1,63 0,04

1,67

1,60

1,53

1,94

1,98

Cystine

0,56 0,02

0,50

0,54

0,57

0,65

0,63

Lysine**

5,31 0,51

4,47

4,53

4,25

5,19

5,37

Threonine

2,48 0,07

2,51

2,41

2,34

2,88

2,94

Arginine

3,50 0,16

3,42

3,09

3,42

3,81

4,02

Isoleucine

2,20 0,10

1,96

2,33

2,25

2,84

2,86

Leucine

4,20 0,11

4,17

4,08

4,03

5,00

5,07

Valine

2,29 0,06

3,01

2,86

2,58

3,33

3,33

Histidin

1,71 0,06

1,78

1,58

1,51

1,92

2,13

Tryptophan**

0,82 0,02

0,55

0,53

0,56

0,77

0,78

Phenylalanin

2,38 0,06

1,93

2,45

2,21

2,67

2,72

Protein

60,65 0,43

59,94

60,65

58,1

64,64

67,25

* (Degussa AG, 1996) ; ** Phn tch ti Vin cng ngh sau thu hoch

3.3. Kt qu th nghim s dng bt c

Qung Bnh trong thc n cho g tht
thng phm
3.3.1. Khi lng g
S dng 3 loi bt c C Mau, Malaysia

v Qung Bnh cho khi lng c th g

broiler ging Kabir 9 tun tui l tng t
nhau: 2056,63; 2067,01 v 2115,35g/con
(bng 3). S sai khc l khng c ngha v
mt thng k (P<0,05).

Bng 3. Khi lng g qua cc tun tui (g/con)

Tun
tui

L 1 (bt c C Mau)

L 2 (bt c Malaysia)

L 3 (bt c Qung Bnh)

X mx

Cv (%)

X mx

Cv (%)

X mx

Cv (%)

38,65 0,36

5,58

38,61 0,35

5,56

38,63 0,34

5,46

119,57 1,28

6,43

124,12 1,29

6,34

131,72 1,26

5,86

285,72 5,02

10,55

295,27 4,92

10, 13

314,38 4,83

9,36

509,79 9,80

11,53

525,05 9,60

11,12

552,47 9,43

10,39

766,52 13,36

10,46

781,72 13,14

10,23

805,77 13,06

9,86

1028,23 16,96

9,89

1041,18 16,95

9,90

1071,75 16,62

9,43

1295,11 23,16

10,73

1309,13 22,67

10,53

1339,72 22,79

10,35

1601,13 30,81

11,54

1611,15 30,58

11,54

1647,19 30,44

11,24

1865,29 35,98

11,57

1877,17 35,50

11,50

1917,05 35,36

11,22

2056,63 40,52

11,82

2067,01 39,80

11,71

2115,35 39,64

11,39

3.3.2. Hiu qu s dng thc n

Bng 4. Hiu qu s dng thc n ca g th nghim (kg thc n/kg tng trng)
Tun tui
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Theo tun
L 1
1,23
1,31
1,42
1,58
2,09
2,34
2,13
2,61
3,73

L2
1,21
1,30
1,39
1,59
2,11
2,33
2,17
2,57
3,81

L 3
1,13
1,22
1,35
1,61
2,11
2,37
2,11
2,51
3,64

Khi so snh hiu qa s dng thc n

gia 3 l th nghim chng ti thy: l 3
s dng bt c Qung Bnh c hiu qu s
dng thc n tt nht, hay ni cch khc l
tiu tn thc n cho 1kg tng trng l thp
hn so vi l 1 v l 2. C th hiu qu s
dng thc n ca l 3 cc tun tui 1, 3,
7 v 9 tng ng l 1,13kg; 1,35kg;
2,11kg v 3,64kg thc n/kg tng trng.
L 2 l: 1,21kg; 1,39kg;

Theo giai on
L 1
L 2
1,23
1,21
1,28
1,27
1,35
1,33
1,43
1,42
1,61
1,60
1,76
1,75
1,83
1,83
1,94
1,94
2,11
2,11

L 3
1,13
1,19
1,27
1,38
1,57
1,74
1,81
1,91
2,08

2,17kg v 3,81kg thc n/kg tng trng v l 1

l: 1,23kg; 1,42kg; 2,13kg v 3,73kg thc
n/kg tng trng.
3.3.3. Mt s ch tiu nng xut v cht
lng tht g th nghim
S dng 3 loi bt c C Mau, Malaysia
v Qung Bnh khng nh hng n mt
s ch tiu nng sut tht ca g broiler
(P<0,05) (bng 5).

Bng 5. Kt qu m kho st g th nghim

Cc ch tiu

L 1 (n = 6)

L 2 (n = 6)

L 3 (n = 6)

1. Khi lng sng (g)

2. So snh (%)
3. Khi lng thn tht (g)

2071,11
100,00
1551,63

2091,67
100,99
1553,30

2134,33
103,05
1562,97

4. T l thn tht (%)

5. Khi lng tht ngc (%)

73,26
282,86

73,17
282,55

73,23
284,62

6. T l tht ngc (%)*

- T l tht ngc (%)**
7 Khi lng tht i (%)
8. T l tht i (%)*
- T l tht i (%)**
9. Khi lng m bng (g)
10. T l m bng (%)*
- T l m bng (%)**

13,66
18,23
359,21
17,34
23,15
38,73
1,87
2,50

13,51
18,19
358,97
17,16
23,11
39,11
1,85
2,52

13,34
18,24
363,77
17,04
23,27
39,49
1,85
2,53

* T l% so vi khi lng sng

** T l% so vi khi lng thn tht

3.3.4. Hiu qu ca vic s dng 3 loi

bt c nui g broiler ging Kabir
Cht lng thc n khc nhau nh
hng n hiu qu trong chn nui g broiler.
S dng bt c Qung Bnh cho hiu qu

chn nui g broiler ging Kabir l tt hn so

vi khi s dng bt c C Mau v Malaysia.
Chi ph thc n cho 1kg tng trng gim 4,56 4,58%. Ch s sn xut (PN) v ch s kinh t
(EN) u cao hn (159 - 43,45) (bng 6).

Bng 6. Hiu qu ca vic s dng 3 loi bt c nui g broiler ging Kabir

Cc ch tiu
1. Khi lng g vo th nghim (g/con)
2. Khi lng g lc xut chung (g/con)
3. Tng trng/9 tun nui (g/con)
- T l (%)
4.tng trng ton l(kg/l)
- T l (%)
5. Hiu qu s dng thc n(KgT/kgTT)
- T l (%)
6. Gi thnh 1kg THH (ng)
- T l (%)
7. Chi ph thc n/1kg tng trng (ng)
- T l (%)
8. T l nui sng (%)
9. Ch s sn xut (PN)
10. Ch s kinh t (EN)

L 1
38,65
2056,63
2017,89
100,00
86,77
100,00
2,11
102,00
3660
102,60
7722,6
104,58
95,55
147,83
40,40

L 2
38,61
2067,01
2028,4
100,51
87,22
100,51
2,11
102,00
3673
102,97
7750,0
104,96
95,55
148,57
40,60

L 3
38,63
2115,35
2076,72
102,91
89,29
102,90
2,07
100,00
3567
100,00
7383,7
100,00
95,55
159,98
43,45

4. KT LUN

Bt c Qung Bnh c hm lng protein th l 61,29%, gi tr nng lng trao i (ME)

l 2.930 Kcal/kg. Bt c Qung Bnh giu cc axit amin khng thay th, hm lng
lysine, methionine v tryptophan tng ng l: 5,31; 1,63; v 0,82%. Cn c tiu chun
Vit Nam (TCVN, 2001) bt c Qung Bnh t tiu chun bt c loi 1.
S dng 3 loi bt c C Mau, Malaysia v Qung Bnh cho khi lng c th g broiler
ging Kabir 9 tun tui l tng t nhau: 2056,63; 2067,01 v 2115,35g/con. S sai khc l
khng c ngha v mt thng k. Ba loi bt c ny u khng nh hng n mt s ch tiu
nng sut tht ca g broiler.
S dng bt c Qung Bnh cho hiu qu chn nui g broiler ging Kabir l tt hn so
vi khi s dng bt c C Mau v Malaysia. Chi ph thc n cho 1kg tng trng gim 4,56 4,58%. Ch s sn xut (PN) v ch s kinh t (EN) u cao hn (159 - 43,45).
TI LIU THAM KHO
Association of official analytical chemists (AOAC) (1975). Official Methods of analysis, 12th Edition,
AOAC - Washington D.C.
Cc Khuyn Nng (2001). Thuyt minh xy dng tiu chun bt c lm thc n chn nui - B
NN&PTNT.
Degussa AG (1996). Aminodat 1.0 - Frankfurt, Germany
FIN - Poultry Nutrition (1999). The role of Fishmeal in poultry nutrition.
National Research Council (NRC)(1994). Nutrient requirement of poultry, 9th rev. ed. National Academy
Press, Washington D.C.
Nguyn Ch Bo (1979). C s sinh hc ca nhn ging v nui dng gia cm, Nxb Khoa hc v k
thut, H Ni, tr. 224-225; tr. 524-525.
Nguyn Vn Hng (1999). Bo co tnh hnh sn xut thc n cho gia sc ca Vit Nm nm 1999. Cc
Khuyn Nng - B NN & PTNT.
Nguyn Th Mai (2001) Xc nh gi tr nng lng trao i (ME) ca mt s loi thc n cho g v mc
nng lng thch hp trong khu phn n cho g broiler. Lun n tin s Nng nghip - Trng i
hc nng nghip 1, H Ni.
U ban khoa hc k thut nh nc, Tng cc tiu chun o lng v cht lng (1986). Tiu chun Vit
Nam (TCVN) 4321- 86.
U ban khoa hc k thut nh nc, Tng cc tiu chun o lng v cht lng(1986). Tiu chun Vit
Nam (TCVN) 4326- 86.
U ban khoa hc k thut nh nc, Tng cc tiu chun o lng v cht lng (1986). Tiu chun Vit
Nam (TCVN) 4328- 86.
U ban khoa hc k thut nh nc, Tng cc tiu chun o lng v cht lng (1986). Tiu chun Vit
Nam (TCVN) 4329- 86.
U ban khoa hc k thut nh nc, Tng cc tiu chun o lng v cht lng(1986). Tiu chun Vit
Nam (TCVN) 4327- 86.