Tap BT VE DUONG THANG Trong OXY Qua Cac de Thidocx

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C
E

Bi 1 Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC, vi ) 2 ; 1 ( , ) 1 ; 2 ( B A ,
trng tm G ca tam gic nm trn -ng thng 0 2 = + y x . Tm ta
nh C bit din tch tam gic ABC bng
27
2

Hng dn: V G nm trn -ng thng 0 2 = + y x nn G c ta ) 2 ; ( t t G = .
Khi ( 2;3 ) AG t t = , ( 1; 1) AB = Vy din tch tam gic ABG l
( ) | | 1 ) 3 ( ) 2 ( 2
2
1
. .
2
1
2 2
2
2 2
+ = = t t AB AG AB AG S =
2
3 2 t

Nu din tch tam gic ABC bng
27
2
th din tch tam gic ABG bng
27 9
6 2
=
.
Vy
2 3
9
2 2
t
= , suy ra 6 = t hoc 3 = t . Vy c hai im G :
) 1 ; 3 ( , ) 4 ; 6 (
2 1
= = G G . V G l trng tm tam gic ABC nn
3 ( )
C G A B
x x x x = + v 3 ( )
C G A B
y y y y = + .
Vi ) 4 ; 6 (
1
= G ta c ) 9 ; 15 (
1
= C , vi ) 1 ; 3 (
2
= G ta c ) 18 ; 12 (
2
= C
Bi 2 Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c nh A(6; 6), ng thng i qua trung
im ca cc cnh AB v AC c phng trnh x + y 4 = 0. Tm ta cc nh B v C, bit im E(1; 3)
nm trn ng cao i qua nh C ca tam gic cho.
Hng dn: Gi Al ng thng i qua trung im ca AC v AB
Ta c ( )
6 6 4
, 4 2
2
d A
+
A = =
V Al ng trung bnh ca AABC
( ) ( ) ; 2 ; 2.4 2 8 2 d A BC d A = A = =
Gi phng trnh ng thng BC l: 0 x y a + + =
T :
4 6 6
8 2 12 16
28
2
a a
a
a
= + +
= + =

Nu 28 a = th phng trnh ca BC l 28 0 x y + = , trng hp ny A nm khc pha i vi BC v
A, v l. Vy 4 a = , do phng trnh BC l: 4 0 x y + + = .
ng cao k t A ca ABC A l ng thng i qua A(6;6) v BC : 4 0 x y + + = nn c phng trnh l
0 x y = .
Ta chn ng cao H k t A xung BC l nghim ca h phng trnh

0 2
4 0 2
x y x
x y y
= =

+ + = =

Vy H (-2;-2)
V BC c phng trnh l 4 0 x y + + = nn ta B c dng: B(m; -4-m)
Li v H l trung im BC nn C(-4-m;m)
Suy ra: ( ) 5 ; 3 , ( 6; 10 ) CE m m AB m m = + = ;V CE AB nn
( )( ) ( )( ) . 0 6 5 3 10 0 ABCE a a a a = + + + + =

2
0
2 12 0
6
a
a a
a
=
+ =
Vy
( )
( )
0; 4
4; 0
B
C

hoc
( )
( )
6; 2
2; 6
B
C

.
B
H
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Bi 3 Trong mt phng Oxy, cho im
( ) 1;2 A v ng thng
( ) : 2 3 0 d x y + = . Tm trn ng thng (d)
hai im , B C sao cho tam gic ABC vung ti C v 3 AC BC = .

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Hng dn: T yu cu ca bi ton ta suy ra C l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn (d)
Phng trnh ng thng
( ) A qua A v vung gc vi (d) l: 2x y m 0 + + =

( ) ( ) A 1;2 2 2 m 0 m 0 e A + + = =
Suy ra:
( ) : 2x y 0 A + = .Ta C l nghim ca h phng trnh:
{
3
x
3 6
2x y 0
5
C ;
x 2y 3 6
5 5
y
5
| | + =

|
=
\ .
=
.
t
( ) B 2t 3; t (d) e , theo gi thit ta c:
2 2
3 9 AC BC AC BC = =
2 2
2
16
t
4 16 12 6
15
9 2t t 45t 108t 64 0
4
25 25 5 5
t
3
=
(

| | | |
+ = + + =
(
| |
\ . \ .
(
=

.
- Vi
16 13 16
;
15 15 15
t B
| |
=
|
\ .
; Vi
4 1 4
;
3 3 3
t B
| |
=
|
\ .

Vy, c hai im tha bi l:
13 16
;
15 15
B
| |
|
\ .
hoc
1 4
;
3 3
B
| |
|
\ .
.
Bi 4 Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho
( ) 2;1 A
v cc ng thng
( ) ( )
1 2
: 2 1 0, : 2 8 0 d x y d x y + = + + =
. Tm
( ) ( )
1 2
, B d D d e e
v C sao cho ABCD l hnh vung.


Hng dn: Tnh tin gc ta v imA, tm pt ng (d1),(d2) trong h trc mi
( ) ( )
1 2
( ; ) => ( ; ) B m n d D n m d e e
(do ABCD l hnh vung t tm c im B,D,C
Bi 5 Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn
( )
2 2
: 2 6 6 0 C x y x y + + =
v im
( ) 3;1 M
. Gi
1
T
v
2
T
l cc tip im ca cc tip tuyn k t M n
( ) C
. Vit phng trnh ng thng
1 2
TT
.


Hng dn: Tnh phng tch ca im M i vi ng trn(C),
2
1
( )
15 ( )
M
C
P MT = =

Vit phng trnh ng trn tm M ,bk
( ) ( )
= => + + = + + =
2 2
2 2
15 3 1 15 6 2 5 0 r x y x y x y

Ta
1
T
v
2
T
l cc nghim ca h.
2 2
2 2
2 6 6 0
8 4 11 0
6 2 5 0
x y x y
x y
x y x y
+ + =
+ =
+ + =
.Suy ra phng trnh

ng thng
1 2
TT
l:
8 4 11 0 x y + =



Bi 6 Trong mp vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam giac PQR c ng cao h t nh P l d: 2x+y+3=0 v
ng phn gic trong ca gc Q l d': x-y=0. PQ i qua im I(0;-1) v RQ=2IQ. Vit phng trnh
ng thng PR.


Hng dn: Gi I; l im i xng ca I qua ng phn gic trong ca gc Q thi I nm trn ng
thng QR. T y vit c pt QR => im Q v pt cnh PQ, ta im P. C im Q v t h thc
RQ=2IQ , ta s tm c im R ( s c hai im R) Kim tra v kt lun.

Bi 7. Cho ng trn (C ) : (x-1)2 + (y+3)2 =9
A(-1,1); B(2 ,-2) tm C, D sao cho t gic ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.


Hng dn: (C) c tm I(1;3) v bn knh R = 3. D thy A nm ngoi (C) v B nm trong (C)
Ta c
AB
= (3;3) AB = 3
2

CD // AB CD c vtpt
n
=(1;1) CD: x y + m = 0
ABCD l hnh bnh hnh nn CD = AB = 3
2
d(I, CD) =
2
2
2 2
3 2 3 2
3
2 2 2
CD
R
| |
| |
= =
|
|
|
\ .
\ .

4
3 2
2 2
m +
=

4 m+
= 3 m = 1 v m = 7
CD: x y 1 = 0 hoc x y 7 = 0
Th1: CD: x y 1 = 0 ta C, D l nghim ca h:
2 2
( 1) ( 3) 9
1 0
x y
x y
+ + =

2 2
( 1) ( 2) 9
1
x x
y x
+ + =

2
2 2 4 0
1
x x
y x
+ =

1 2
0 3
x x
y y
= =
v

= =

C(1;0), D(2;3) hoc C(2;3), D(1;0)
Th2: CD: x y 7 = 0 ta C, D l nghim ca h:
2 2
( 1) ( 3) 9
7 0
x y
x y
+ + =

2 2
( 1) ( 4) 9
7
x x
y x
+ =

2
2 9 8 0
7
x x
y x
+ =

9 17
4
19 17
4
x
y
C(
9 17
4
+
;
19 17
4
+
), D(
9 17
4
;
19 17
4

)
hoc C(
9 17
4
;
19 17
4

), D(
9 17
4
+
;
19 17
4
+
)
Bi 8. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh thang ABCD vung ti A v D, phng trnh cnh AD l
2 6 0 x y + + =
, im
( ) 2;5 M
l trung im ca BC v
2 2 CD BC AB = =
. Tm ta cc nh ca hnh
thang bit A c tung dng
+ ngoi l : thng thng tm ta ca 1 im :
giao ca hai ng thng. (1)
vecto ny bng k ln vecto kia. (2)
Hng dn:

12
10
8
6
4
2
2
4
6
8
15 10 5 5 10 15
C
E
M(2;5)
D
A
B


Gi E l trung im ca CD. N . AD; F l giao ca AD v BC
Pt MN : x 2y + 8 = 0, suy ra N( -4 ; 2)
D dng nhn ra tam gic BEC vung cn nn gc DFC = 450 = gc hai ng thng AD v BC.
Gi s VTPT ca BC l
1
( ;1) n k =
; ca AD :
2
(2;1) n =

Cos(AD ;BC) =
1 2
1 2
.
.
n n
n n
=
2
2 1
1
2
1. 5
k
k
+
=
+
suy ra k = 1/3 ; k = -3.
Vi k = -3 : PT BC : 3x y 1 = 0 => Suy F ( - 1 ; -4). Ga s im A( a; -6 2a)
d thy
2 FA AN =
suy ra A ( nh l tung A dng mi nhn, khng dng ta xt nt
k = 1/3) , t y bn suy ra D. ti y mnh ngh c nhiu cch suy ra C v B
C1 : Lp PT tm giao im
C2 : vecto = k ln nhau
Bi 9


Hng dn:
B(b; 0), C(0; c) K: b, c > 0
+ ABC vung ti A nn: 2b + c - 5 = 0 (1)
+
( ) 1 1 2 .
2
1
2
> + = = b AC AB S
ABC
=> b =2 v c = 1.
Bi 10


Hng dn:
A(a; 0), B(0; b) K: a, b > 0
AB c pt:
1 = +
b
y
a
x

+ AB qua M nn:
(*) 1
2 3
= +
b a

1. Ta c:
24
6
2
2 3
1 (*) > > + = ab
ab b a
..


2. ta c: OA + OB = a+b =
( ) ( )
2
2 3
2 3
+ > +
|
.
|
\
|
+ b a
b a
BT bunhia.
T tm du bng xy ra => KQ.
3. p dng bunhia
( )
13
1 1 1 1 1
13
1 1
2 3
2 3
1
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2
> +
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
.
|
\
|
+ + s
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
OB OA OB OA b a b a
T tm ra du = xy ra => KQ.
Bi 11

Bi 12.

Hng dn:

Bi 13

8
6
4
2
2
4
6
8
15 10 5 5 d
Hng dn
Gi C l giao ca AB v d ,BH d ,
th ta c Sin =
1
2
= 30
Bi ton a v vit pt ng thng i
qua A v to vi d gc 30
(1; 3)
C
H
A
O
B
8
6
4
2
2
4
6
8
10 5 5 10
Hng dn:
* T gi thit vit c pt AC v KH
* Xc nh c ta ca A tAc
v B t KH nhn M lm trung im
* Vit c pt t BC (i qua
B,vung gc AH )

C
B
A
M(3;1)
O
H(1;0)
K(0;2)
8
6
4
2
2
4
6
8
10 5 5 10
Hng dn:
* D dng xc nh c nh C i xng
vi A qua tm I(1,-2) => C(0;2)
* Do din tch ABC bng 4 suy ra
d(B;AC)=
4
5
. B l giao im ca
ng thng song song vi AC v cch
AC 1 khong bng
4
5
; vi ng trn
(C).
Kt qu ta c 4 im B c ta l
(0.00, 0.00);;(2.00, 4.00) .......
I
H
E
C(0;-4)
A(2;0)
I
O


Bi 14

Bi 15

cc nh ca tam gic.

Bi 16.

8
6
4
2
2
4
6
8
10 5 5 10
d
d
1
d
2
Hng dn:
* D thy cc im M, C thuc cc
ng thng song song vi AB v c
cc pt tng ng l : x-y-1=0 ;x-y-2=0
* Din tch ABC l 2 th din tch
IMC l
1
2
; do d(C;d
2
)=d(I;d)=
2
2
nn IM=
1
2
. T d dng tm c
ta ca M ( C hai im M tho
mn k)
M
C
I(2;1)
A
B
10
8
6
4
2
2
4
6
10 5 5 10
x+7y-31=0
Hng dn:
* Vit pt ng thng (D) i qua M
v to vi t d 1 gc 45, nh B l
giao ca (D) v d
* Vit pt ng thng (D') i qua N
v vung gc vi (D). nh C l
giao ca d v (D')
* T suy ra nh A
( Bi ton c nhiu hng gii khc nhau)
A'
C'
A
M
N
C
B


Bi 17
.

Bi 18

Bi 19
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
2
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 5 10 15
x+y-5=0
Hng dn:
* tm M' l im i xng ca M qua BD
* Vit pt ng cao AH . (i qua H, c
vtpt:n =HM'
* Tm cc im A v B thuc cc ng
phn gic BD v ng cao AH ,i xng
nhau qua M
c
M'
M
H
B
D
8
6
4
2
2
4
6
8
10 5 5 10
Hng dn:
*D thy nh B c ta : B(1;0)
* nh Ad th A x;2 2(x-1) ( ); th trung
im H ca BC c ta H x;0 ( )
* Chu vi ABC bng 16 th BA+BH=8
<=>3x-1+x-1 = 8 => x-1=2 <=>
x=3 =>A(3;4 2) => G 3;
4 2
3
( )
hoc x=-1 =>A(-1;-4 2) G -1;-
4 2
3
( )
G
C
H
B
A
6
4
2
2
4
6
8
15 10 5 5
x+y+3=0
x-4y-2=0
Hng dn:
*Do tam gic ABC cn ti A, nn khi
dng hnh bnh hnh AMEM' th
AMEM' l hnh thoi v tm I l hnh
chiu ca M trn ng cao AH.
* T ta c cch xc nh cc nh
A,B,C nh sau:
+vit pt t EM ( i qua M,//d ); Xc
dnh giao im E cu ME v ng
cao AH.
+Xc nh hnh chiu I ca M trn
AH,v xc nh ta ca A
+ xc nh B l giao ca MA v d
+Xc nh C l im i xng ca B
qua AH
H
I
M'
E
B
M(1;1)
A
C


Bi 20

Bi 21 Trong mt phng Oxy cho cc im
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) A 1;0 , B 2;4 ,C 1;4 , D 3;5
v ng thng
d : 3x y 5 0 = . Tm im M trn d sao cho hai tam gic MAB, MCD c din tch bng nhau
Hng dn: M thuc d thi M(a;3a-5 )
- Mt khc : ( ) ( )
1
3; 4 5, : 4 3 4 0
3 4
x y
AB AB AB x y
= = = + =

( ) ( )
1 4
4;1 17; : 4 17 0
4 1
x y
CD CD CD x y
+
= = = =
- Tnh :
( )
( ) ( )
1 2
4 3 3 5 4 4 3 5 17 13 19 3 11
, ,
5 5 17 17
a a a a a a
h M AB h
+
= = = = =
- Nu din tich 2 tam gic bng nhau th :
1 2
11
13 19 3 11 5. 13 19 17. 3 11
1 1
. .
12
13 19 11 3 2 2 5 17
8
a a a a a
AB h CDh
a a
a
= =

= =

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
2
4
6
8
10
12
25 20 15 10 5 5 10 15
Hng dn:
* ng trn (C) c tm H(1;-2); bn knh
R=5 tip xc vi ng thng (d) ti A'(4;2)
* Tam gic ABC c trc tm H, hai nh B v
C thuc (d) th A' l chn ng cao thuc BC
v A thuc (C) nn AA' l ng knh v
A(-2;-5)
* do trung im F ca AB thuc (C) nn
HF//=
1
2
A'B =>A'B=10 .T y ta tm c
ta ca B= (12;-4)
* Do C thuc (d) nn ta ca C tha mn
h thc:CA' =tA'B v CH . AB =0 => C 0;5 ( ).
Ta cc nh ca tam gic l :
A=(-2;-5);B= (12;-4);C=(0;5)
C
B
F
E
A
A'
H
6
4
2
2
4
6
8
10 5 5 10
x-2y-2=0
Hng dn:
*T gi thit ta c B l chn
ng vung gc k t A n
dng thng x-2y-2=0 =>B(0;-1)
* Do tam gic ABC vung cn
ti B nn C l giao ca ng
thng i qua B vung gc vi
BA, ta tm c hai im C c
ta C=2;0) hoc C'=-2;-2) C'
C
B
A
O


- Vy trn d c 2 im : ( )
1 2
11 27
; , 8;19
12 12
M M
| |
|
\ .

Bi 22.
Vit phng trnh cnh BC ca tam gic ABC , bit ta chn cc ng cao tng ng l A,B,C.
Hng dn:

Bi 23. Cho hnh tam gic ABC c din tch bng 2. Bit A(1;0), B(0;2) v trung im I ca AC nm trn
ng thng y = x. Tm to nh C
Hng dn:
- Nu C nm trn d : y=x th A(a;a) do suy ra C(2a-1;2a).- Ta c : ( )
0 2
, 2
2
d B d

= = .
- Theo gi thit : ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 1 4
. , 2 2 2 2 0
2 2
S AC d B d AC a a = = = = +
2 2
1 3
2
8 8 8 4 2 2 1 0
1 3
2
a
a a a a
a
= + =
+
=

- Vy ta c 2 im C :
1 2
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
; , ;
2 2 2 2
C C
| | | |
+ +
| |
| |
\ . \ .

Bi 24. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC, vi ) 5 ; 2 ( , ) 1 ; 1 ( B A ,
nh C nm trn -ng thng 0 4 = x , v trng tm G ca tam gic nm
trn -ng thng 0 6 3 2 = + y x . Tnh din tch tam gic ABC.
Hng dn:
- Ta C c dng : C(4;a) ,
( )
( )
5
3; 4
1 1
: 4 3 7 0
3 4
AB
AB
x y
AB x y
=
= + =

- Theo tnh cht trng tm ;
1 2 4
1
3 3
1 5 6
3 3 3
A B C
G G
A B C
G G
x x x
x x
y y y a a
y y
+ + +
= = =

+ + + + +

= = =

- Do G nm trn : 2x-3y+6=0 , cho nn :
6
2.1 3 6 0 2
3
a
a
+ | |
+ = =
|
\ .
.
- Vy M(4;2) v ( ) ( )
4.4 3.2 7
1 1 15
, 3 . , 5.3
2 2 2 16 9
ABC
d C AB S AB d C AB
+
= = = = =
+
(vdt)
Gi H l trc tm
ABC,D c/m dc
A'H,B'H,C'H l cc ng
phn gic trong ca tam
gic A'B'C'. v vit c
phng trnh ca A'H, ,T
suy ra phng trnh ca
BC.
A'
C'
B'
H
B C
A


Bi 25. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC, vi ) 2 ; 1 ( , ) 1 ; 2 ( B A ,
nh C bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 13,5 .
Hng dn: Ta c : M l trung im ca AB th M
3 1
;
2 2
| |
|
\ .
. Gi C(a;b) , theo tnh cht trng tam tam
gic :
3
3
3
3
G
G
a
x
b
y
+
=
; Do G nm trn d :
( )
3 3
2 0 6 1
3 3
a b
a b
+
+ = + =
- Ta c : ( ) ( ) ( )
3 5
2 1
1;3 : 3 5 0 ,
1 3 10
a b
x y
AB AB x y h C AB

= = = =
- T gi thit : ( )
2 5 2 5
1 1
. , 10. 13, 5
2 2 2 10
ABC
a b a b
S AB h C AB

= = = =
2 5 27 2 32
2 5 27
2 5 27 2 22
a b a b
a b
a b a b
= =
=

= =

- Kt hp vi (1) ta c 2 h :
( )
1 2
20
6 6
3
2 32 3 38 38
38 20
; , 6;12
3
3 3 6 6
12
2 22 3 18
6
b
a b a b
a b a
a
C C
a b a b
b
a b a
a
+ = + =

= =
| |

=

|

+ = + = \ .

=
= =

=

Bi 26 Trong mt phng oxy cho ABC A c A(2;1) . ng cao qua nh B c phng trnh x- 3y - 7 = 0
.ng trung tuyn qua nh C c phng trnh : x + y +1 = 0 . Xc nh ta B v C . Tnh din tch
ABC A .
Hng dn: - ng thng (AC) qua A(2;1) v vung gc vi ng cao k qua B , nn c vc t ch
phng
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1; 3 :
1 3
x t
n AC t R
y t
= +
= e

- Ta C l giao ca (AC) vi ng trung tuyn k qua C :
2
1 3
1 0
x t
y t
x y
= +
+ + =

Gii ta c : t=2 v C(4;-5). V B nm trn ng cao k qua B suy ra B(3a+7;a) . M l trung im ca
AB
3 9 1
;
2 2
a a
M
+ + | |
|
\ .
.
- Mt khc M nm trn ng trung tuyn k qua C : ( )
3 9 1
1 0 3 1; 2
2 2
a a
a B
+ +
+ + = =
- Ta c : ( ) ( ) ( )
12
2 1
1; 3 10, : 3 5 0, ;
1 3 10
x y
AB AB AB x y h C AB

= = = = =
Vy : ( )
1 1 12
. , 10. 6
2 2 10
ABC
S AB h C AB = = = (vdt).
Bi 27 Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho tam gic ABC bit A(5; 2). Phng trnh ng trung trc
cnh BC, ng trung tuyn CC ln lt l x + y 6 = 0 v 2x y + 3 = 0. Tm ta cc nh ca tam
gic ABC


Hng dn: - Gi B(a;b) suy ra M
5 2
;
2 2
a b + + | |
|
\ .
. M
nm trn trung tuyn nn : 2a-b+14=0 (1).
- B,B i xng nhau qua ng trung trc cho nn :
( ) ( ) :
x a t
BC t R
y b t
= +
e
= +
.
T suy ra ta N :
6
2
3 6
2
6 0
6
2
a b
t
x a t
a b
y b t x
x y
b a
y

=
= +

= + =

+ =
+
=

3 6 6
;
2 2
a b b a
N
+ | |
|
\ .
. Cho nn ta c ta C(2a-b-6;6-a )
- Do C nm trn ng trung tuyn : 5a-2b-9=0 (2)
- T (1) v (2) :
( ) ( )
2 14 0 37
37;88 , 20; 31
5 2 9 0 88
a b a
B C
a b b
+ = =
=

= =

Bi 28 Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hai ng thng A: 3 8 0 x y + + = , ' :3 4 10 0 x y A + = v
im A(-2 ; 1). Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc ng thng A, i qua im A v tip xc vi
ng thng A.
Hng dn: : - Gi tm ng trn l I , do I thuc
( )
2 3
: 2 3 ; 2
2
x t
I t t
y t
= +
A +

- A thuc ng trn ( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 IA t t R = + + = (1)
- ng trn tip xc vi
( ) ( ) 3 2 3 4 2 10 13 12
'
5 5
t t t
R R
+ + +
A = = . (2)
- T (1) v (2) : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2
13 12
3 3 25 3 3 13 12
5
t
t t t t t
+
(
+ + = + + = +

Bi 29 Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho ng trn hai ng trn
2 2
( ) : 2 2 1 0, C x y x y + + =
2 2
( ') : 4 5 0 C x y x + + = cng i qua M(1; 0). Vit phng trnh
ng thng qua M ct hai ng trn ( ), ( ') C C ln lt ti A, B sao cho MA= 2MB


Hng dn: * Cch 1.
- Gi d l ng thng qua M c vc t ch phng
( )
1
; :
x at
u a b d
y bt
= +
=

=

- ng trn ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 2 2 2
: 1;1 , 1. : 2;0 , 3 C I R C I R = = , suy ra :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
1 2
: 1 1 1, : 2 9 C x y C x y + = + + =
- Nu d ct
( )
1
C ti A :
( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
0
2 2
2 0 1 ;
2
t M
ab b
a b t bt A
b
a b a b t
a b
=
| |
+ = +
|
+ + =
\ .
+

A(5;2)
B C
x+y-6=0
2x-y+3=0
M
N


- Nu d ct
( )
2
C ti B :
( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
0
6 6
6 0 1 ;
6
t M
a ab
a b t at B
a
a b a b t
a b
=
| |
+ + =
|
+ + =
\ .
+

- Theo gi thit : MA=2MB
( )
2 2
4 * MA MB =
- Ta c :
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 6 6
4
ab b a ab
a b a b a b a b
(
| | | |
| | | |
+ = + (
| | | |
+ + + +
\ . \ . ( \ . \ .

2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
6 : 6 6 0
4 36
4. 36
6 : 6 6 0
b a d x y
b a
b a
b a d x y a b a b
= + =
= =

= = + +

* Cch 2.
- S dng php v t tm I t s v t k=
1
2
. ( Hc sinh t lm )
Bi 30 Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, hy vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC bit trc tm
(1; 0) H , chn ng cao h t nh B l (0; 2) K , trung im cnh AB l (3; 1) M .


Hng dn: - Theo tnh cht ng cao : HK vung
gc vi AC cho nn (AC) qua K(0;2) c vc t php
tuyn
( ) ( ) ( ) 1; 2 : 2 2 0 2 4 0 KH AC x y x y = = + = .
- B nm trn (BH) qua H(1;0) v c vc t ch phng
( ) ( ) 1; 2 1 ; 2 KH B t t = + .
- M(3;1) l trung im ca AB cho nn A(5-t;2+2t).
- Mt khc A thuc (AC) cho nn : 5-t-2(2+2t)+4=0 ,
suy ra t=1 . Do A(4;4),B(2;-2)
- V C thuc (AC) suy ra C(2t;2+t) ,

( ) ( ) 2 2; 4 , 3; 4 BC t t HA = + = . Theo tnh cht ng cao k t A :
( ) ( ) . 0 3 2 2 4 4 0 1 HABC t t t = + + = = . Vy : C(-2;1).
- (AB) qua A(4;4) c vc t ch phng ( ) ( ) ( )
4 4
2; 6 // 1;3 :
1 3
x y
BA u AB

= = =
3 8 0 x y =
- (BC) qua B(2;-2) c vc t php tuyn
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3; 4 : 3 2 4 2 0 HA BC x y = + + =
3 4 2 0 x y + + = .
Bi 31 Trong h ta Oxy, cho hai ng trn c phng trnh ( )
2 2
1
: 4 5 0 C x y y + = v
( )
2 2
2
: 6 8 16 0. C x y x y + + + = Lp phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca
( )
1
C v ( )
2
. C
Hng dn: : - Ta c :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
1 1 1 2 2 2
: 2 9 0; 2 , 3, : 3 4 9 3; 4 , 3 C x y I R C x y I R + = = + + = =
- Nhn xt :
( )
1 2 1
9 4 13 3 3 6 I I C = + = < + = khng ct
( )
2
C
- Gi d : ax+by+c =0 (
2 2
0 a b + = ) l tip tuyn chung , th th : ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
, , , d I d R d I d R = =
H(1;0)
K(0;2)
M(3;1)
A
B
C


( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2
3 1
3 4 2 2 3 4
2 3 4
3 4 2 3 4
3 2
b c
a b c b c b c a b c
a b
b c a b c
a b c b c a b c
a b a b
a b
+
=
+ = + + + +
= + = +

+ = +
+ +

2
3 2 2 0
a b
a b c
=

+ =
. Mt khc t (1) : ( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 9 b c a b + = +
- Trng hp : a=2b thay vo (1) :

( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 3 5
4
2 9 4 41 4 0. ' 4 41 45
2 3 5
4
b
b c
b
b c b b b bc c c c c
c
b
+ = + = A = + =

+

- Do ta c hai ng thng cn tm :
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 1
2 3 5 2 3 5
: 1 0 2 2 3 5 2 3 5 4 0
2 4
d x y x y

+ + = + + =
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 1
2 3 5 2 3 5
: 1 0 2 2 3 5 2 3 5 4 0
2 4
d x y x y
+ +
+ + = + + + + =
- Trng hp :
2 3
2
b a
c

= , thay vo (1) :
2 2
2 2
2 3
2
2
3 2
b a
b
b a a b
a b
+
= = +
+

( )
2
2 2 2
0, 2 0
2
2 3 4 0
4
4 , 6
3
3 6
a
b a c b c
b a a b b ab
a
a a b a c
b c
= = = =

= + =

= =
= =

- Vy c 2 ng thng :
3
: 2 1 0 d x = ,
4
: 6 8 1 0 d x y + =
Bi 32 Trong h ta Oxy, hy vit phng trnh hyperbol (H) dng chnh tc bit rng (H) tip xc vi
ng thng : 2 0 d x y = ti im A c honh bng 4.
Hng dn: - Do A thuc d : A(4;2)
- Gi s (H) : ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
16 4
1 * 1 1
x y
A H
a b a b
= e =
- Mt khc do d tip xc vi (H) th h sau c 12 nghim bng nhau :
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 0
2
2
2 2
b a x a x a a b b x a y a b b x a x a b
y x
y x y x

+ = = =

=
= =

( )( ) ( )
4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
' 4 4 4 4 0 4
a
a b a a a b a b a b a b a b b a a b A = + + = + + = = +
- Kt hp vi (1) : ( )
2 2 2 2 4 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
16 4 8 16 0 4
: 1
8 4
4 4 8
b a a b b b b
x y
H
a b a b a
= + = =

=

= + = + =

Bi 33 Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c phng trnh ng thng AB: x 2y +
1 = 0, phng trnh ng thng BD: x 7y + 14 = 0, ng thng AC i qua M(2; 1). Tm to cc nh
ca hnh ch nht
Hng dn: - D nhn thy B l giao ca BD vi AB cho nn ta d B l nghim ca h :
2 1 0
21 13
;
7 14 0 5 5
x y
B
x y
+ =
| |
|
+ =
\ .



- ng thng (BC) qua B(7;3) v vung gc vi (AB) cho nn c vc t ch phng:
( ) ( )
21
5
1; 2 :
13
2
5
x t
u BC
y t
= +

- Ta c :
( ) ( ) , 2 2 2 , AC BD BIC ABD AB BD = = = =
- (AB) c
( )
1
1; 2 n = , (BD) c ( )
1 2
2
1 2
n . 1 14 15 3
1; 7 os =
5 50 5 10 10
n
n c
n n
+
= = = =
- Gi (AC) c
( ) ( )
2
2 2
a-7b
9 4
, os AC,BD os2 = 2cos 1 2 1
10 5
50
n a b c c
a b

| |
= = = = =
|
\ .
+

- Do : ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
5 7 4 50 7 32 31 14 17 0 a b a b a b a b a ab b = + = + + =
- Suy ra :
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
17 17
: 2 1 0 17 31 3 0
31 31
: 2 1 0 3 0
a b AC x y x y
a b AC x y x y
= + = =
= + = + =

- (AC) ct (BC) ti C
21
5
13 7 14 5
2 ;
5 15 3 3
3 0
x t
y t t C
x y
= +
| |
= =
|
\ .

- (AC) ct (AB) ti A :
( )
2 1 0 7
7; 4
3 0 4
x y x
A
x y y
+ = =

= =

- (AD) vung gc vi (AB) ng thi qua A(7;4) suy ra (AD) :
7
4 2
x t
y t
= +

- (AD) ct (BD) ti D :
7
7 98 46
4 2 ;
15 15 15
7 14 0
x t
y t t D
x y
= +
| |
= =
|
\ .
+ =

- Trng hp (AC) : 17x-31y-3=0 ..lm tng t .
Bi 34 Trong mt phng to Oxy cho tam gic ABC, c im A(2; 3), trng tm G(2; 0). Hai nh B v
C ln lt nm trn hai ng thng d
1
: x + y + 5 = 0 v d
2
: x + 2y 7 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng trn
c tm C v tip xc vi ng thng BG
Hng dn: : - B thuc d suy ra B :
5
x t
y t
=
, C thuc d' cho nn C:

7 2 x m
y m
=
.
- Theo tnh cht trng tm :
( ) 2 9
2
2, 0
3 3
G G
t m
m t
x y
+

= = = =
- Ta c h :
2 1
2 3 1
m t m
t m t
= =

= =

- Vy : B(-1;-4) v C(5;1) . ng thng (BG) qua
G(2;0) c vc t ch phng ( ) 3; 4 u = , cho nn (BG):
A(2;3)
B
C
x+y+5=0
x+2y-7=0
G(2;0)
M


( )
20 15 8
2 13
4 3 8 0 ;
3 4 5 5
x y
x y d C BG R

= = = = =
- Vy ng trn c tm C(5;1) v c bn knh R=
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 13 169
: 5 1
5 25
C x y + =
Bi 35Tam gic cn ABC c y BC nm trn ng thng : 2x 5y + 1 = 0, cnh bn AB nm trn
ng thng : 12x y 23 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng AC bit rng n i qua im (3;1
Hng dn: - ng (AB) ct (BC) ti B
2 5 1 0
12 23 0
x y
x y
+ =

Suy ra : B(2;-1). . (AB) c h s gc k=12, ng thng
(BC) c h s gc k'=
2
5
, do ta c :
2
12
5
tan 2
2
1 12.
5
B
= =
+
. Gi (AC) c h s gc l m th ta
c :
2
2 5
5
tan
2
5 2
1
5
m
m
C
m
m

= =
+
+
. V tam gic ABC cn ti A cho nn tanB=tanC, hay ta c :
8
2 5 4 10
2 5
2 2 5 2 2 5 9
2 5 4 10 5 2
12
m m m m
m m
m m m
m
= + =

= = +

= +

=

- Trng hp : ( ) ( )
9 9
: 3 1 9 8 35 0
8 8
m AC y x x y = = + + =
- Trng hp : m=12 suy ra (AC): y=12(x-3)+1 hay (AC): 12x-y-25=0 ( loi v n //AB ).
- Vy (AC) : 9x+8y-35=0 .
Bi 36 Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca hai ng trn :
(C
1
) : (x - 5)
2
+ (y + 12)
2
= 225 v (C
2
) : (x 1)
2
+ ( y 2)
2
= 25
Hng dn: - Ta c (C) vi tm I(5;-12) ,R=15. (C') c J(1;2) v R'=5. Gi d l tip tuyn chung c
phng trnh : ax+by+c=0 (
2 2
0 a b + = ).
- Khi ta c :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
5 12 2
, 15 1 , , 5 2
a b c a b c
h I d h J d
a b a b
+ + +
= = = =
+ +

- T (1) v (2) suy ra :
5 12 3 6 3
5 12 3 2
5 12 3 6 3
a b c a b c
a b c a b c
a b c a b c
+ = + +
+ = + +

+ =

9
3
2
2
a b c
a b c
=
+ =
. Thay vo (1) :
2 2
2 5 a b c a b + + = + ta c hai trng hp :
- Trng hp : c=a-9b thay vo (1) : ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
2 7 25 21 28 24 0 a b a b a ab b = + + =
Suy ra :
14 10 7 14 10 7 175 10 7
: 0
21 21 21
14 10 7 14 10 7 175 10 7
: 0
21 21 21
a d x y
a d x y
| |
+
= + =
|
|
\ .
| |
+ +
= + =
|
|
\ .

A
B C
2x-5y+1=0
M(3;1)
H
12x-y-23=0


B(2;-1)
A
C
x+2y-5=0
3x-4y+27=0
H
K
- Trng hp :
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
3
2 1 : 7 2 100 96 28 51 0
2
c a b b a a b a ab b = + = + + + = . V nghim . (
Ph hp v : 16 196 212 ' 5 15 20 400 IJ R R = + = < + = + = = . Hai ng trn ct nhau ) .

Bi 37. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C) :
2 2
x y 2x 8y 8 0 + + = . Vit phng
trnh ng thng song song vi ng thng d: 3x+y-2=0 v ct ng trn theo mt dy cung c di
bng 6.
Hng dn: ng thng d' song song vi d : 3x+y+m=0
- IH l khong cch t I n d' :
3 4 1
5 5
m m
IH
+ + +
= =
- Xt tam gic vung IHB :
2
2 2
25 9 16
4
AB
IH IB
| |
= = =
|
\ .

( )
2
19 ' : 3 19 0 1
16 1 20
21 ' : 3 21 0 25
m d x y m
m
m d x y
= + + = +
= + =

= + =

Bi 38. Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC bit B(2; -1), ng cao v ng phn gic trong
qua nh A, C ln lt l : (d
1
) : 3x 4y + 27 = 0 v (d
2
) : x + 2y 5=0
Hng dn: - ng thng (BC) qua B(2;-1) v vung gc vi (AH) suy ra (BC):
2 3
1 4
x t
y t
= +
, hay :
( )
2 1
4 3 7 0 4;3
3 4
x y
x y n
+
= + = =

- (BC) ct (CK) ti C : ( )
2 3
1 4 1 1;3
2 5 0
x t
y t t C
x y
= +
= =
+ =

- (AC) qua C(-1;3) c vc t php tuyn
( ) ; n a b =
Suy ra (AC): a(x+1)+b(y-3)=0 (*). Gi
4 6 10 2
os =
5 16 9 5 5 5
KCB KCA c
+
= = = =
+

- Tng t :
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
a+2b a+2b
2
os = 2 4
5
5 5
c a b a b
a b a b
= + = +
+ +

( )
( ) ( )
2
0 3 0 3 0
3 4 0
4 4
1 3 0 4 3 5 0
3 3
a b y y
a ab
b
a x y x y
= = =
=

= + + = + =

- (AC) ct (AH) ti A :
( )
1 2
3
3 0
5
3 4 27 0
31 582
31
5;3 , ;
25 25 4 3 5 0
25
3 4 27 0 582
25
y
y
x
x y
A A
x
x y
x y
y
=

=
=

+ =
| |

=
| =

+ = \ .
+ =

- Lp (AB) qua B(2;-1) v 2 im A tm c trn . ( hc sinh t lp ).
Bi 39. Trong mt phng vi h ta cc vung gc Oxy , xt tam gic ABC vung ti A, phng
trnh ng thng BC l : 3 x y - 3 = 0, cc nh A v B thuc trc honh v bn knh ng trn ni
tiptam gic ABC bng 2 . Tm ta trng tm G ca tam gic ABC .


Hng dn: - ng thng (BC) ct Ox ti B : Cho y=0 suy ra x=1 , B(1;0) . Gi A(a;0) thuc Ox l
nh ca gc vung ( a khc 1 ).. ng thng x=a ct (BC) ti C : ( )
( )
; 3 1 a a .
- di cc cnh :
2 2 2
1, 3 1 2 1 AB a AC a BC AB AC BC a = = = + =
- Chu vi tam gic : 2p=
( )
( )
3 3 1
1 3 1 2 1 3 3 1
2
a
a a a a p
+
+ + = + =
- Ta c : S=pr suy ra p=
S
r
.(*) Nhng S= ( )
2 1 1 3
. 1 3 1 1
2 2 2
AB AC a a a = = . Cho nn (*) tr thnh :
( )
( )
( )
2
3 2 3
1 3
3 3 1 1 1 1 2 3 1
2 4
1 2 3
a
a a a
a
= +
+ = = +
=

- Trng tm G :
( )
( )
( )
1
2 3 2 3 1
2 1
7 4 3
3 7 4 3 2 3 6
3 3
;
3 3 3 1
3 2 2 3
2 3 6
3
3 3
G
G
G
G
a
x
x
G
a
y
y
+ +
+ +
=
= =
| |
+ +

|
|
+ \ .
+
=
= =

( )
( )
( )
2
2 1 2 3 1
2 1
1 4 3
3 1 4 3 2 3 6
3 3
;
3 3 3 1
3 2 2 3
2 3 6
3
3 3
G
G
G
G
a
x
x
G
a
y
y
+
+ +
=
= =
| |
+ +

|
|
\ .
+
=
= =

Bi 40. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy. Cho ng trn (C) : 0 1 2 4
2 2
= + y x y x
v ng thng d : 0 1 = + + y x . Tm nhng im M thuc ng thng d sao cho t im M k c n
Hng dn:
- M thuc d suy ra M(t;-1-t). . Nu 2 tip tuyn vung gc vi
nhau th MAIB l hnh vung ( A,B l 2 tip im ). Do
AB=MI= IA 2 =R 2 = 6 2 2 3 = .
- Ta c : ( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2 2 8 2 3 MI t t t = + + = + =
- Do :
( )
( )
1
2 2
2
2 2; 2 1
2 8 12 2
2 2; 2 1
t M
t t
t M
+ = =

=
.
* Ch : Ta cn cch khc
- Gi d' l ng thng qua M c h s gc k suy ra d' c
phng trnh : y=k(x-t)-t-1, hay : kx-y-kt-t-1=0 (1) .
- Nu d' l tip tuyn ca (C) k t M th d(I;d')=R
2
2 2
6
1
k kt t
k

=
+

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
2 2 6 1 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 0 t k t k t t k t t k t t = + + + + + = (

M
x+y+1=0
A
B
I(2;1)


- T gi thit ta c iu kin :
( ) ( )( )
2
2 2 2
2
2
4 2 0
' 4 2 4 2 4 0
4 2
1
4 2
t t
t t t t t
t t
t t
A = + >

-
( )
1 2 2 2
1 2
2
1 2
2 6
1
' 19 0 2 ; 2
1
2
t
k k
t t t k k M
k k
t
+ =

A = > =

=

Bi 41. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy. Cho elip (E) : 0 4 4
2 2
= + y x .Tm nhng im N trn elip
(E) sao cho :
0
2 1
60
= F N F ( F
1
, F
2
l hai tiu im ca elip (E) )
Hng dn: : - (E) :
2
2 2 2 2
1 4, 1 3 3
4
x
y a b c c + = = = = =
- Gi ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
0 0 1 0 2 0
1 2
4 4
3 3
; 2 ; 2
2 2
2 3
x y
N x y E MF x MF x
FF
+ =
e = + =
. Xt tam gic
1 2
FMF theo h thc hm s cos
:
( )
2
2 2 0
1 2 1 2 1 2
2 os60 FF MF MF MFMF c = +
( )
2 2
2
0 0 0 0
3 3 3 3
2 3 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
x x x x
| | | | | || |
= + + +
| | | |
| | | |
\ . \ . \ .\ .

0 0
2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0 0
0
0
4 2 1
3 3 9 32 1
3 3
12 8 4 8
1 2 4 4 9 9
4 2
3
3
x y
x x x x y
y
x

= =

| |

= + = = =
|

\ .

=
=

- Nh vy ta tm c 4 im :
1 2 3 4
4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1
; , ; , ; , ;
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
N N N N
| | | | | | | |

| | | |
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .

Bi 42. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho im A(1;1) v ng thng A: 2x + 3y + 4 =0
Tm ta im B thuc ng thng A sao cho ng thng AB v A hp vi nhau gc 45
0
.
Hng dn: - Gi d l ng thng qua A(1;1) c vc t php tuyn
( ) ; n a b = th d c phng trnh
dng : a(x-1)+b(y-1)=0 (*). Ta c
( ) 2;3 n
A
= .
- Theo gi thit : ( ) ( ) ( )
2
0 2 2
2 2
2 3 1
os d, os45 2 2 3 13
2
13
a b
c c a b a b
a b
+
A = = = + = +
+

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
: 1 1 0 5 4 0
5 5 5 24 5 0
5 : 5 1 1 0 5 6 0
a b d x y x y
a ab b
a b d x y x y
= + = + =
=

= + = + =

- Vy B l giao ca d vi A cho nn :
1 1 2 2
5 4 0 5 6 0
32 4 22 32
; , : ;
2 3 4 0 2 3 4 0 13 13 13 13
x y x y
B B B B
x y x y
+ = + =
| | | |

| |
+ + = + + =
\ . \ .



Bi 43. Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy cho cho hai ng thng 0 5 2 :
1
= + y x d . d
2
: 3x +6y
7 = 0. Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua im P( 2; -1) sao cho ng thng ct hai ng thng
d
1
v d
2
to ra mt tam gic cn c nh l giao im ca hai ng thng d
1
, d
2
.
Hng dn: : - Trc ht lp phng trnh 2 ng phn gic to bi 2 ng thng ct nhau :
3 6 7 2 5
9 3 8 0
3 5 5
3 6 7 2 5 3 9 22 0
3 5 5
x y x y
x y
x y x y x y
+ +
=
+ + =

+ + + =

- Lp ng thng
1
A qua P(2;-1) v vung gc vi tip tuyn : 9x+3y+8=0 .

1
2 1
: 3 5 0
9 3
x y
x y
+
A = =
- Lp
2
A qua P(2;-1) v vung gc vi : 3x-9y+22=0
2
2 1
: 3 5 0
3 9
x y
x y
+
A = + =

Bi 44. Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy cho Hypebol (H) c phng trnh: 1
9 16
2 2
=
y x
. Vit
phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) c tiu im trng vi tiu im ca (H) v ngoi tip hnh ch nht c
s ca (H).
Hng dn: : - (H) c
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 2
16, 9 25 5 5;0 , 5;0 a b c c F F = = = = . V hnh ch nht c s
ca (H) c cc nh :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4; 3 , 4;3 , 4; 3 , 4;3 .
- Gi s (E) c :
2 2
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ = . Nu (E) c tiu im trng vi tiu im ca (H) th ta c phng trnh :
( )
2 2 2
25 1 c a b = =
- (E) i qua cc im c honh
2
16 x = v tung ( )
2
2 2
16 9
9 1 2 y
a b
= + =
- T (1) v (2) suy ra : ( )
2 2
2 2
40, 15 : 1
40 15
x y
a b E = = + =
Bi 45. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C) c phng trnh:
2 2
4 3 4 0 x y x + + =
Tia Oy ct (C) ti A. Lp phng trnh ng trn (C), bn knh R = 2 v tip xc ngoi vi (C) ti A
Hng dn: - (C) c I( 2 3; 0 ), R= 4 . Gi J l tm ng trn cn tm :
J(a;b)
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
' : 4 C x a y b + =
-Do (C) v (') tip xc ngoi vi nhau cho nn khong cch IJ
=R+R'
( )
2
2 2 2
2 3 4 2 6 4 3 28 a b a a b + + = + = + + =
- V A(0;2) l tip im cho nn : ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0 2 4 2 a b + =
- Do ta c h :
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2 3 36
4 3 24
4 0
2 4
a b
a a b
a b b
a b
+ + =
+ + =

+ =

+ =

- Gii h tm c : b=3 v a= ( )
( )
( )
2
2
3 ' : 3 3 4 C x y + = .
* Ch : Ta c cch gii khc .
- Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca J trn Ox suy ra OH bng a v JH bng b
- Xt cc tam gic ng dng : IOA v IHJ suy ra :
4 2 3 2
IJ 6 2 3
IA IO OA
IH HJ b a
= = = =
+

I(-2 ;0)
A(0;2)
y
x


- T t s trn ta tm c : b=3 v a= 3 .
Bi 46. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c cnh AB: x -2y -1 =0, ng
cho BD: x- 7y +14 = 0 v ng cho AC i qua im M(2;1). Tm to cc nh ca hnh ch nht
Hng dn: - Hnh v : ( Nh bi 12 ).
- Tm ta B l nghim ca h :
( )
2 1 0
7;3
7 14 0
x y
B
x y
=

+ =
.
- ng thng (BC) qua B(7;3) v
( ) ( ) ( )
7
1; 2 :
3 2
BC
x t
AB u BC
y t
= +
=

=

1
2 17 0
2
BC
x y k + = = . Mt khc :
1 1
1 1 1
7 2
, tan
1 1
7 2 3
1
7 2
BD AB
k k

= = = =
+

- Gi (AC) c h s gc l k
2
1 2
7 1 2tan 3
7 3
tan 2
1
7 1 tan 4
1 1
7 9
k
k
k
k

= = = = =
+
+

- Do :
17
28 4 3 21
4 7 1 3 7 31
28 4 3 21
1
k k k
k k
k k
k
= =

= +

= +

- Trng hp : k=1 suy ra (AC) : y=(x-2)+1 , hay : x-y-1=0 .
- C l giao ca (BC) vi (AC) : ( )
7
3 2 1, 6;5
1 0
x t
y t t C
x y
= +
= =

- A l giao ca (AC) vi (AB) : ( )
7
3 2 0, 1; 0
2 1 0
x t
y t t A
x y
= +
= =

- (AD) //(BC) suy ra (AD) c dng : 2x+y+m=0 (*) , do qua A(1;0) : m= -2 . Cho nn (AD) c phng
trnh : 2x+y-2=0 .
- D l giao ca (AD) vi (BD) :
( )
2 2 0
0; 2
7 14 0
x y
D
x y
+ =

+ =

- Trng hp : k=-
17
31
cch gii tng t ( Hc sinh t lm ).
Bi 47. Trong mp (Oxy) cho ng thng (A) c phng trnh: x 2y 2 = 0 v hai im A (-1;2);
B (3;4). Tm im Me(A) sao cho 2MA
2
+ MB
2
c gi tr nh nht
Hng dn: - M thuc A suy ra M(2t+2;t )
- Ta c : ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 3 2 5 8 13 2 10 16 26 MA t t t t MA t t = + + = + + = + +
Tng t : ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 1 4 5 12 17 MB t t t t = + = +
- Do d : f(t)= ( )
2
2
15 4 43 ' 30 4 0
15
t t f t t t + + = + = = . Lp bng bin thin suy ra min f(t) =
641
15

t c ti
2 26 2
;
15 15 15
t M
| |
=
|
\ .

Bi 48. Cho ng trn (C): x
2
+ y
2
2x 6y + 6 = 0 v im M (2;4)


Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua M ct ng trn ti 2 im A v B, sao cho M l trung im ca
AB
Hng dn: - ng trn (C) :
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
/( )
1 3 4 1;3 , 2, 1 1 4 2 0
M C
x y I R P M + = = = + = <
nm trong hnh trn (C) .
- Gi d l ng thng qua M(2;4) c vc t ch phng
( )
2
; :
4
x at
u a b d
y bt
= +
=

= +

- Nu d ct (C) ti A,B th : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
1 1 4 2 2 0 1 at bt a b t a b t + + + = + + + = ( c 2 nghim t ) .
V vy iu kin : ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
' 2 3 2 3 0 * a b a b a ab b A = + + + = + + >
- Gi
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
2 ; 4 , 2 ; 4 A at bt B at bt + + + + M l trung im AB th ta c h :
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 2 1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2
4 4 0
0
8 8 0
a t t a t t
t t
b t t b t t
+ + = + =

+ =

+ + = + =

. Thay vo (1) khi p dng vi t ta c :
( )
1 2 2 2
2
2 4
0 0 : : 6 0
1 1
a b
x y
t t a b a b d d x y
a b
+

+ = = + = = = + =
+

Bi 49. Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn ca e lp (E):
2 2
1
16 9
x y
+ = , bit tip tuyn i qua imA(4;3)
Hng dn: - Gi s ng thng d c vc t php tuyn
( ) ; n a b = qua A(4;3) th d c phng trnh l
:a(x-4)+b(y-3)=0 (*) , hay : ax+by-4a-3b (1) .
- d l tip tuyn ca (E) th iu kin cn v l :
( )
2
2 2
.16 .9 4 3 a b a b + = +
2 2 2 2
0 : 3 0
16 9 16 24 9 24 0
0 : 4 0
a d y
a b a ab b ab
b d x
= =
+ = + + =
= =

Bi 50. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x
2
+ y
2
- 2x - 2my + m
2
- 24 = 0 c tm I
v ng thng A: mx + 4y = 0. Tm m bit ng thng A ct ng trn (C) ti hai im phn bit A,B
tha mn din tch tam gic IAB bng 12.
Hng dn: - (C) :
( ) ( )
2 2
1 25 (1; ), 5 x y m I m R + = = .
- Nu d : mx +4y=0 ct (C) ti 2 im A,B th
( )
2 2
2 2
4
16 4
2 24 0 1
16 4
m
y x
m m
x x m
| | | | + +
+ =
| |
\ . \ .

- iu kin :
2
' 25 0 m m R A = + > e . Khi gi
1 1 2 2
; , ;
4 4
m m
A x x B x x
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .

( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1
2
16 25
8
16 4
16
m m m
AB x x x x x x
m
+ +
= + = =
+

- Khong cch t I n d =
2 2
4 5
16 16
m m m
m m
+
=
+ +

- T gi thit :
2 2
2
2 2
5
1 1 25 25
. .8 . 4 5 12
2 2 16
16 16
m
m m
S ABd m
m
m m
+ +
= = = =
+
+ +

( ) ( )
2
2
2 2 2
2
25
5 3 25 25 9 16
16
m
m m m m
m
+
= + = +
+

- Ta c mt phng trnh trng phng , hc sinh gii tip .


Bi 51. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c phng trnh cnh AB: x - y - 2 = 0,
phng trnh cnh AC: x + 2y - 5 = 0. Bit trng tm ca tam gic G(3; 2). Vit phng trnh cnh BC
Hng dn:
- (AB) ct (AC) ti A :
( )
2 0
3;1
2 5 0
x y
A
x y
=

+ =

- B nm trn (AB) suy ra B(t; t-2 ), C nm trn (AC) suy ra C(5-2m;m)
- Theo tnh cht trng tm :
( )
( )
2 8
3
2 1; 2
2 1
3
1 7 5 5;3
2
3
G
G
t m
x
m C
t m
t m t m t B
y
+
= =
=
=

+ + = =

= =

Bi 52. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua hai im A(2; 5), B(4;1) v tip xc vi ng thng c
phng trnh 3x y + 9 = 0.
Hng dn:
Gi M l trung im AB suy ra M(3;3 ) . d' l ng trung trc ca AB th d' c phng trnh : 1.(x-3)-
2(y-3)=0 , hay : x-2y+3=0 .
- Tm I ca (C) nm trn ng thng d' cho nn I(2t-3;t) (*)
- Nu (C) tip xc vi d th
( )
( ) 3 2 3 9 5
10
,
2 10 10
t t t
h I d R t R
+
= = = = . (1)
- Mt khc : R=IA= ( ) ( )
2 2
5 2 5 t t + . (2) .
- Thay (2) vo (1) : ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
10
5 2 5 4 5 30 50 10
2
t t t t t t + = + =
2
6 34
12 2 0
6 34
t
t t
t
=
+ =
= +
. Thay cc gi tr t vo (*) v (1) ta tm c ta tm I v bn knh R

ca (C) .
* Ch : Ta c th s dng phng trnh (C) :
2 2
2 2 0 x y ax by c + + = ( c 3 n a,b,c)
- Cho qua A,B ta to ra 2 phng trnh . Cn phng trnh th 3 s dng iu kin tip xc ca (C) v d :
khong cch t tm ti d bng bn knh R .
2
+ y
2
2x + 4y + 2 = 0.
Vit phng trnh ng trn (C') tm M(5, 1) bit (C')
t (C) ti cc im A, B sao cho 3 AB = .

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 3 1; 2 , 3 x y I R + + = = .
- Gi H l giao ca AB vi (IM). Do ng trn (C') tm M
c bn knh R' = MA . Nu AB= 3 IA R = = , th tam gic
IAB l tam gic u , cho nn IH=
3. 3 3
2 2
= ( ng cao
tam gic u ) . Mt khc : IM=5 suy ra HM=
3 7
5
2 2
= .
- Trong tam gic vung HAM ta c
2
2 2 2
49 3
13 '
4 4 4
AB
MA IH R = + = + = =
- Vy (C') : ( ) ( )
2 2
5 1 13 x y + = .
Bi 54. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho -ng trn (C) c ph-ng
trnh (x-1)
2
+ (y+2)
2
= 9 v -ng thng d: x + y + m = 0. Tm m trn
-ng thng d c duy nht mt im A m t k -c hai tip tuyn
I M
A
B
H


AB, AC ti -ng trn (C) (B, C l hai tip im) sao cho tam gic ABC
vung.
Hng dn:
- (C) c I(1;-2) v bn knh R=3 . Nu tam gic ABC
vung gc ti A ( c ngha l t A k c 2 tip tuyn
ti (C) v 2 tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau ) khi
ABIC l hnh vung . Theo tnh cht hnh vung ta c
IA= IB 2 (1) .
- Nu A nm trn d th A( t;-m-t ) suy ra :
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 IA t t m = + + . Thay vo (1) :
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 3 2 t t m + + =
( )
2 2
2 2 1 4 13 0 t m t m m + = (2). trn d c
ng 1 im A th (2) c ng 1 nghim t , t ta c iu
kin :
( ) ( )
2
2
10 25 0 5 0 5 m m m m A = + + = + = = .Khi (2) c nghim kp l :
( )
1 2 0
1 5 1
3 3;8
2 2
m
t t t A

= = = = =
Bi 55. Trong mt phng to Oxy cho hai ng thng (d
1
) : 4x - 3y - 12 = 0 v (d
2
): 4x + 3y - 12 = 0.
Tm to tm v bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic c 3 cnh nm trn (d
1
), (d
2
), trc Oy.
Hng dn: - Gi A l giao ca
( )
1 2
4 3 12 0
, : 3;0 Ox
4 3 12 0
x y
d d A A
x y
=
e
+ =

- V (BC) thuc Oy cho nn gi B l giao ca
1
d vi Oy : cho x=0 suy ra y=-4 , B(0;-4) v C l giao ca
2
d vi Oy : C(0;4 ) . Chng t B,C i xng nhau qua Ox , mt khc A nm trn Ox v vy tam gic ABC
l tam gic cn nh A . Do tm I ng trn ni tip tam gic thuc Ox suy ra I(a;0).
- Theo tnh cht phn gic trong :
5 5 4 9
4 4 4
IA AC IA IO OA
IO AO IO IO
+ +
= = = =
4 4.3 4
9 9 3
OA
IO = = = . C ngha l I(
4
; 0
3
)
- Tnh r bng cch :
( ) ( ) 5 8 5
1 1 15 1 1 18 6
. .5.3
2 2 2 2 2 15 5
AB BC CA
S BCOA r
r r
+ + + +
= = = = = = = .
Bi 56. Trong mt phng to Oxy cho im C(2;-5 ) v ng thng : : 3 4 4 0 x y A + = . Tm trn A
hai im A v B i xng nhau qua I(2;5/2) sao cho din tch tam gic ABC bng15
Hng dn: - Nhn xt I thuc A, suy ra A thuc A : A(4t;1+3t) . Nu B i xng vi A qua I th B c
ta B(4-4t;4+3t) ( ) ( )
2 2
16 1 2 9 1 2 5 1 2 AB t t t = + =
- Khong cch t C(2;-5) n A bng chiu cao ca tam gic ABC :
6 20 4
6
5
+ +
= =
- T gi thit :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0 0;1 , 4; 4
1 1
. 5. 1 2 .6 15 1 2 1
2 2 1 4; 4 , 0;1
t A B
S AB h t t
t A B
=
= = = =

=

Bi 57. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho elp
2 2
( ) : 1
9 4
x y
E + = v hai im A(3;-2) , B(-3;2) Tm
trn (E) im C c honh v tung dng sao cho tam gic ABC c din tch ln nht.
Hng dn: - A,B c honh l honh ca 2 nh ca 2 bn trc ln ca (E) , chng nm trn
ng thng y-2=0 . C c honh v tung dng th C nm trn cung phn t th nht
I(1;-2)
B
C
A
x+y+m=0


- Tam gic ABC c AB=6 c nh . V th tam gic c din tch ln nht khi khong cch t C n AB ln
nht .
- D nhn thy C trng vi nh ca bn trc ln (3;0)

Bi 58. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC bit A(2; - 3), B(3; - 2),
c din tch bng
3
2
v trng tm thuc -ng thng A: 3x y 8 = 0.
Tm ta nh C.
Hng dn: - Do G thuc A suy ra G(t;3t-8). (AB) qua A(2;-3) c vc t ch phng
( ) 1;1 u AB = = ,
cho nn (AB) :
2 3
5 0
1 1
x y
x y
+
= = . Gi M l trung im ca AB : M
5 5
;
2 2
| |
|
\ .
.
- Ta c :
5 5 5 11
; 3 8 ; 3
2 2 2 2
GM t t t t
| | | |
= + =
| |
\ . \ .
. Gi s C
( )
0 0
; x y , theo tnh cht trng tm ta c :
( )( )
0
0
0
0
5
2
5 2 2
2 2 5;9 19 1
9 19 11
3 8 2 3
2
x t t
x t
GC GM C t t
y t
y t t
| |
=
|
= +
\ .
=

=
| |

+ =
|
\ .

- Ngoi ra ta cn c : AB= 2 ,
( )
( ) ( ) 3 2 5 9 19 8 4 3
,
10 10
t t t
h C

A = =
- Theo gi thit : ( )
4 3
1 1 3
. , 2 2 4 3 3 10
2 2 2 10
t
S AB h C t
= A = = =
( )
2
2
4 3 5 7 6 5
; 7 9 5
3 3
2 4 3 90 9 24 29 0
4 3 5 6 5 7
;9 5 7
3 3
t C
t t t
t C
| |
+
=
|
|
\ .
= =

| |
+
= =
|
|
\ .

Bi 59. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c tm
1
( ;0)
2
I

ng thng AB c phng trnh: x 2y + 2 = 0, AB = 2AD v honh im A m. Tm ta cc nh
ca hnh ch nht
Hng dn: - Do A thuc (AB) suy ra A(2t-2;t) ( do A c honh m cho nn t<1)
- Do ABCD l hnh ch nht suy ra C i xng vi A qua I : C
( ) 3 2 ; t t .
- Gi d' l ng thng qua I v vung gc vi (AB), ct (AB) ti H th :
1
' :
2
2
x t
d
y t
= +
, v H c ta l
H( ) 0;1 . Mt khc B i xng vi A qua H suy ra B( ) 2 2 ; 2 t t .
- T gi thit : AB=2AD suy ra AH=AD , hay AH=2IH ( ) ( )
2 2 1
2 2 1 2 1
4
t t + = +
( )
2
2
1 1 0
5
5 10 5 4. 1 1
1 1 2 1 4
t t
t t t
t t
= =
+ = =

= = >

- Vy khi t = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2; 0 , 2; 2 , 3; 0 , 1; 2
2
A B C D .
* Ch : Ta cn c cch gii khc nhanh hn


- Tnh ( )
1
0 2
5 2
;
2 5
h I AB
+
= = , suy ra AD=2 h(I,AB)= 5
- Mt khc :
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2
5 25
5
4 4 4 4
AB AD
IA IH IH IH AD = + = + = + = + = IA=IB =
5
2

-Do A,B l giao ca (C) tm I bn knh IA ct (AB) . Vy A,B c ta l nghim ca h :
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2 0
2; 0 , 2; 2
1 5
2 2
x y
A B
x y
+ =
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .
(Do A c honh m
- Theo tnh cht hnh ch nht suy ra ta ca cc nh cn li : C(3;0) v D(-1;-2)
Bi 60. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(1; -2), ng cao : 1 0 CH x y + = , phn gic
trong : 2 5 0 BN x y + + = .Tm to cc nh B,C v tnh din tch tam gic ABC
Hng dn: - ng (AB) qua A(1;-2) v vung
gc vi (CH) suy ra (AB):
1
2
x t
y t
= +
.
- (AB) ct (BN) ti B:
1
2 5
2 5 0
x t
y t t
x y
= +
= =
+ + =

Do B(-4;3).Ta c :
1 2 1
1, 2 tan
1 2 3
AB BN
k k
+
= = = =
+

- Gi A' i xng vi A qua phn gic (BN) th A'
nm trn (AB). Khi A' nm trn d vung gc vi
(BN)
1 2
:
2
x t
d
y t
= +

= +

- d ct (BN) ti H : ( )
1 2
: 2 1 1; 3
2 5 0
x t
H y t t H
x y
= +
= + =
+ + =
.
- A' i xng vi A qua H suy ra A'(-3;-4) . (BC) qua B,A' suy ra :
( ) 1; 7 u =
( )
4
:
3 7
x t
BC
y t
= +
. (BC) ct (CH) ti C:
4
3 13 9
3 7 ;
4 4 4
1 0
x t
y t t C
x y
= +
| |
= =
|
\ .
+ =

- Tnh din tch tam gic ABC :
- Ta c :
( )
2 5
1 1 9 9 10
. ( , ) .2 5
9
2 2 4 , 2 2
2 2
ABC
AB
S AB h C AB
h C AB
= = =

Bi 61. Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD, c din tch bng 12, tm I l
giao im ca ng thng 0 3 :
1
= y x d v 0 6 :
2
= + y x d . Trung im ca mt cnh l giao im
ca d
1
vi trc Ox. Tm to cc nh ca hnh ch nht
C
H
B
N
A(1;-2)
x-y+1=0
2x+y+5=0


Hng dn: - Theo gi thit , ta tm I
3 0
9 3
;
6 0 2 2
x y
I
x y
=
| |

|
+ =
\ .
. Gi M l trung im ca AD
th M c ta l giao ca : x-y-3=0 vi Ox suy ra M(3;0). Nhn xt rng : IM // AB v DC , ni mt cch
khc AB v CD nm trn 2 ng thng // vi
1
d ( c
( ) 1; 1 n = .
-A,D nm trn ng thng d vung gc vi
1
d
3
:
x t
d
y t
= +
. Gi s A
( ) 3 ; t t + (1), th do D i xng
vi A qua M suy ra D(3-t;t) (2) .
- C i xng vi A qua I cho nn C(6-t;3+t) (3) . B i xng vi D qua I suy ra B( 12+t;3-t).(4)
- Gi J l trung im ca BC th J i xng vi M qua I cho nn J(6;3). Do ta c kt qu l :
: 3 2 MJ AB AD = = = . Khong cch t A ti
1
d : ( ) ( )
1 1
2
, 2 , .
2
ABCD
t
h A d S h A d MJ = =
1 2
2 3 2 12 12
1
2
ABCD
t t
S t
t
=
= = =

=
. Thay cc gi tr ca t vo (1),(2),(3),(4) ta tm c cc nh
ca hnh ch nht :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 3;1 , 4; 1 , 7; 2 , 11; 4
1 4; 1 , 2;1 , 5; 4 , 13; 2
t A D C B
t A D C B
=

Bi 62. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hypebol (H): v im M(2; 1). Vit phng
trnh ng thng d i qua M, bit rng ng thng ct (H) ti hai im A, B m M l trung im ca
AB
Hng dn: - Gii s d c vc t ch phng
( ) ; u a b = , qua M(2;1)
2
:
1
x at
d
y bt
= +

= +

- d ct (H) ti 2 im A,B th A,B c ta :
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2
2 1
1 1
2 3
1
2 3
x at
at bt
y bt
x y
= +
+ +
= + =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
3 2 2 2 6 3 2 4 3 4 0(1) at bt a b t a b t + + = + + =
- iu kin :
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2
3 2 0
' 4 3 4 3 2 0
a b
a b a b
=
A = >
(*). Khi
( )
1 1
2 ;1 , A at bt + + v ta ca B :
( )
2 2
2 ;1 B at bt + + , suy ra nu M l trung im ca AB th : 4+a
( )
1 2 1 2
4 0 t t t t + = + =
- Kt hp vi
2
1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
2 3
4 4 2
3 2 2 3
2 3
t t t t t t
a b b a
b a
= = = = =

- p dng vi t cho (1) :
( )
1 2 2 2
4 3
2 1 2 1
0 3 :
3 2 3
b a
x y x y
t t b a d
a b a b a a

+ = = = = =

- Vy d : 3(x-2)=(y-1) hay d : 3x-y-5=0 .
Bi 63. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho ng thng Ac phng trnh x+2y-3=0 v hai im
A(1;0),B(3;-4). Hy tm trn ng thng A mt im M sao cho : 3 MA MB + l nh nht
Hng dn: - D M ( ) 3 2 ; M t t eA c nn ta c : ( ) ( ) 2 2; ,3 6 ; 3 12 MA t t MB t t = = . Suy ra ta
ca ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
3 8 ; 4 14 3 8 4 14 MA MB t t MA MB t t + = + = + + .
2 2
x y
1
2 3
=


- Vy : f(t) = ( ) ( )
2 2
2
8 4 14 80 112 196 t t t t + + = + + . Xt g(t)=
2
80 112 196 t t + + , tnh o hm g'(t)=
160t+112. g'(t)=0 khi
112 51 51 15.169
196
80 80 80 80
t g
| |
= = = =
|
\ .

- Vy min 3 196 14 MA MB + = = , t c khi t=
51
80
v
131 51
;
40 80
M
| |

|
\ .

Bi 64. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho hai ng trn :
( )
2 2
1
: 13 C x y + = v
( ) ( )
2
2
2
: 6 25 C x y + = ct
nhau ti A(2;3).Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A v ct
( ) ( )
1 2
, C C theo hai dy cung c di bng
nhau
Hng dn:
- T gi thit :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
: 0;0 , 13. ; 6;0 , ' 5 C I R C J R = = =
- Gi ng thng d qua A(2;3) c vc t ch phng
( )
2
; :
3
x at
u a b d
y bt
= +
=

= +

- d ct
( )
1
C ti A, B :
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2 3
3 2 2 3 0
13
x at
a b
y bt a b t a b t t
a b
x y
= +
+
(
= + + + + = =
+ =

( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 3 3 2
;
b b a a a b
B
a b a b
| |
|
+ +
\ .
. Tng t d ct
( )
2
C ti A,C th ta ca A,C l nghim ca h :
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2 4 3
10 6 2 3 8 3
3 ;
6 25
x at
a b
a ab b a ab b
y bt t C
a b a b a b
x y
= +
| | + +
= + =
|
+ + +
\ .
+ =

- Nu 2 dy cung bng nhau th A l trung im ca A,C . T ta c phng trnh :
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2
0 ; :
2 3
3 10 6 2
4 6 9 0
3 3
; // ' 3; 2
2 2
x
a d
b ab
y t a ab b
a ab
a b a b
a b u b b u
=
=

= + +

+ = =

+ +
| |
= = =
|
\ .

Suy ra :
2 3
:
3 2
x t
d
y t
= +

= +
. Vy c 2 ng thng : d: x-2=0 v d': 2x-3y+5=0

Bi 65. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho tam gic ABC bit A(3;0), ng cao t nh B c phng trnh
x+y+1=0 trung tuyn t nh C c phng trnh : 2x-y-2=0 . Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam
gic ABC
Hng dn: - ng thng d qua A(3;0) v
vung gc vi (BH) cho nn c vc t ch phng
( ) 1;1 u = do d :
3 x t
y t
= +
. ng thng d ct (CK)
ti C : ( )
3
4 1; 4
2 2 0
x t
y t t C
x y
= +
= =

- V K thuc (CK) : K(t;2t-2) v K l trung im ca
AB cho nn B i xng vi A qua K suy ra B(2t- 3;4t-
4) . Mt khc K li thuc (BH) cho nn : (2t-
B
C
K
H
A(3;0)
x+y+1=0
2x-y-2=0


3)+(4t-4)+1=0 suy ra t=1 v to B(-1;0) . Gi (C) :
( )
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 0 0 x y ax by c a b c R + + = + = > l
ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC . Cho (C) qua ln lt A,B,C ta c h :
1
9 6 0
2
4 4 0 0
5 2 8 0 6
a
a c
a c b
a b c c
+ =
+ + = =

+ + + = =

- Vy (C) :
2
2
1 25
2 4
x y
| |
+ =
|
\ .

Bi 66. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho tam gic ABC bit A(1;-1) ,B(2;1), din tch bng
11
2
v trng tm G
thuc ng thng d : 3x+y-4=0 . Tm ta nh C ?
Hng dn: - Nu G thuc d th G(t;4-3t). Gi C(
0 0
; ) x y . Theo tnh cht trng tm :
0
0
0 0
1 2
3 3
3
12 9
4 3
3
x
t
x t
y y t
t
+ +
=

Do C(3t-3;12-9t).
-Ta c :
( )
2
1 1
( ) : 2 3 0
1 2 1; 2
1 2 5
x y
AB x y
AB
AB
+
= =
= + =

- h(C,AB)=
( ) ( ) 2 3 3 12 9 3 15 21
5 5
t t t
= . Do : ( )
1
. ,
2
ABC
S ABh C AB =
( )
32 17 26 32
;
15 21 15 21
1 11 15 5 5 15
5 15 21 11
20 2 2 2 5 4
1; 0
15
3
t C t
t t
S t
t
t C
| |
= = =
|

\ .
= = = =
=
=

Bi 67.Trong mt phng Oxy , cho hnh vung c nh (-4;5) v mt ng cho c phng trnh : 7x-
y+8=0 . Vit phng trnh chnh tc cc cnh hnh vung
Hng dn: - Gi A(-4;8) th ng cho (BD): 7x-y+8=0. Gi s B(t;7t+8) thuc (BD).
- ng cho (AC) qua A(-4;8) v vung gc vi (BD) cho nn c vc t ch phng

( ) ( )
4 7
4 5
7; 1 : 7 39 0
5 7 1
x t
x y
u AC x y
y t
= + +
= + =
. Gi I l giao ca (AC) v (BD) th ta

ca I l nghim ca h : ( )
4 7
1 1 9
5 ; 3; 4
2 2 2
7 8 0
x t
y t t I C
x y
= +
| |
= =
|
\ .
+ =

- T B(t;7t+8) suy ra :
( ) ( ) 4;7 3 , 3;7 4 BA t t BC t t = + + = + . l hnh vung th BA=BC :
V BAvung gc vi BC
( )( ) ( )( )
2
0
4 3 7 3 7 4 0 50 50 0
1
t
t t t t t t
t
=
+ + + + = + =

=



( )
( )
0 0;8
1 1;1
t B
t B
=
. Tm ta ca D i xng vi B qua I
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0;8 1;1
1;1 0;8
B D
B D

- T : (AB) qua A(-4;5) c
( ) ( )
4 5
4;3 :
4 3
AB
x y
u AB
+
= =
(AD) qua A(-4;5) c
( ) ( )
4 5
3; 4 :
3 4
AD
x y
u AB
+
= =

(BC) qua B(0;8) c
( ) ( )
8
3; 4 :
3 4
BC
x y
u BC

= =

(DC) qua D(-1;1) c
( ) ( )
1 1
4;3 :
4 3
DC
x y
u DC
+
= =
* Ch : Ta cn cch gii khc
- (BD) : 7 8 y x = + , (AC) c h s gc
1
7
k = v qua A(-4;5) suy ra (AC):
31
7 7
x
y = + .
-Gi I l tm hnh vung : ( )
2
2
3; 4
7 8
31
7 7
A C I
A C I
I I
C
C
x x x
y y y
C
y x
x
y
+ =
+ =

= +
= +

- Gi (AD) c vc t ch phng ( ) ( ) ( )
0
; , : 1; 7 7 os45 u a b BD v a b uv u v c = = + = =
2 2
7 5 a b a b + = + . Chn a=1, suy ra ( ) ( )
3 3 3
: 4 5 8
4 4 4
b AD y x x = = + + = +
Tng t : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4 4 1 3 3 7
: 4 5 , : 3 4
3 3 3 4 4 4
AB y x x BC y x x = + + = = + = + v ng thng (DC):
( )
4 4
3 4 8
3 3
y x x = + = +
Bi 68.Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho im E(-1;0) v ng trn
( C ): x
2
+ y
2
8x 4y 16 = 0.
Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im E ct ( C ) theo dy cung MN c di ngn nht.
Hng dn: -
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
: 4 2 36 4; 2 , 6 C x y I R + = =
- Nhn xt : P/(M,C)=1+8-16=-7<0 suy ra E nm trong (C)
- Gi d l ng thng qua E(-1;0) c vc t ch phng
( )
1
; :
x at
u a b d
y bt
= +
=

=

- ng thng d ct (C) ti 2 im M,N c ta l nghim ca h :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2
1
2 5 2 7 0
4 2 36
x at
y bt a b t a b t
x y
= +
= + + =
+ =
. (1)
- Gi M(-1+at;bt),N( -1+at';bt') vi t v t' l 2 nghim ca (1). Khi di ca dy cung MN
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 ' 2 18 20 11
' ' '
a ab b
a t t b t t t t a b a b
a b
a b
A + +
= + = + = + =
+
+



-
2
2
2 2
18 20 11
18 20 11
2 2
1
1
b b
t t b a a
t
t a
b
a
| | | |
+ +
| |
+ + | |
\ . \ .
=
|
+
\ .
| |
+
|
\ .
. Xt hm s f(t)=
2
2
18 20 11
1
t t
t
+ +
+

- Tnh o hm f'(t) cho bng 0 , lp bng bin thin suy ra GTLN ca t , t suy ra t ( tc l suy ra t s
a/b ) ). Tuy nhin cch ny di
* Ch : Ta s dng tnh cht dy cung lp 9 : Khong cch t tm n dy cung cng nh th dy cung
cng ln
- Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca I trn ng thng d bt k qua E(-1;0). Xt tam gic vung HIE ( I l
nh ) ta lun c :
2 2 2 2
IH IE HE IE IH IE = s s . Do IH ln nht khi HE=0 c ngha l H trng vi
E . Khi d ct (C) theo dy cung nh nht . Lc ny d l ng thng qua E v vung gc vi IE cho nn
d c vc t php tuyn
( ) 5; 2 n IE = = , do vy d: 5(x+1)+2y=0 hay : 5x+2y+5=0 .
Bi 69. Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A, bit phng trnh ng thng AB, BC ln lt l:
x + 2y 5 = 0 v 3x y + 7 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng AC, bit rng AC i qua im F(1; - 3).
Hng dn: - Ta thy B l giao ca (AB) v (BC)
cho nn ta B l nghim ca h :
9
2 5 0
7
3 7 0 22
7
x
x y
x y
y
+ =

+ =

9 22
;
7 7
B
| |

|
\ .
. ng thng d' qua A vung gc
vi (BC) c ( ) ( )
1
3; 1 1;3
3
u n k = = = . (AB) c
1
2
AB
k = . Gi (AC) c h s gc l k ta c phng trnh :
1
1 1 1
15 5 3 3 1
1
8
2 3 3
15 5 3
1 1
15 5 3 4 5 3
1 1
2 3 3
7
k
k
k k k
k k
k
k k k
k
=
+ +

+ = +
= = + =
+ =

=

- Vi k=- ( ) ( )
1 1
: 1 3 8 23 0
8 8
AC y x x y = + + =
- Vi k= ( ) ( )
4 4
: 1 3 4 7 25 0
7 7
AC y x x y = + + + =
Bi 70. Trong mt phng Oxy, hy xc nh ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC vung cn ti A. Bit rng
cnh huyn nm trn ng thng d: x + 7y 31 = 0, im N(7;7) thuc ng thng AC, im M(2;-3)
thuc AB v nm ngoi on AB
Hng dn: - Gi A( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0 0 0 0
; 2; 3 , 7; 7 x y MA x y NA x y = + = .
- Do A l nh ca tam gic vung cn cho nn AM vung gc vi AN hay ta c :
( )( ) ( )( )
2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
. 0 2 7 3 7 0 9 4 7 0 MANA x x y y x y x y = + + = + =
- Do A nm trn ng trn (C) : ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
3 2 20 x y + =
- ng trn (C) ct d ti 2 im B,C c ta l nghim ca h phng trnh :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2
31 7
31 7
3 2 20
50 396 768 0 28 7 2 20
7 31 0
x y
x y
x y
y y y y
x y
= = + =

+ = + =
+ =

A
B C
x+2y-5=0
3x-y+7=0
F(1;-3)


- Do ta tm c :
198 2 201 99 201 99 201
;
50 25 25
y y
+
= = = , tng ng ta tm c cc gi tr ca
x :
82 7 201 82 7 201
;
25 25
x x
+
= = . Vy :
82 7 201 99 201
;
25 25
A
| |
+
|
|
\ .
v ta ca im
82 7 201 99 201
;
25 25
A
| |
+
|
|
\ .

Bi 71. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho hai ng thng d
1
: 2x + y + 5 = 0, d
2
: 3x + 2y 1 = 0 v im
G(1;3). Tm ta cc im B thuc d
1
v C thuc d
2
sao cho tam gic ABC nhn im G lm trng tm.
Bit A l giao im ca hai ng thng d
1
v
2
d
Hng dn: - Tm ta A l nghim ca h :
( )
2 5 0 11
11;17
3 2 1 0 17
x y x
A
x y y
+ + = =

+ = =

- Nu C thuc
( ) ( )
1 2
; 2 5 , 1 2 ; 1 3 d C t t B d B m m e +
- Theo tnh cht trng tm ca tam gic ABC khi G l
trng tm th :
2 10
1
2 13
3
11 2 3 2 3 2
3
3
t m
t m
t m t m
+
=
+ =

+ =

( )
13 2
13 2 35
2 13 2 3 2 24 24
t m
t m t
m m m m
= = =

+ = = =

- Vy ta tm c : C(-35;65) v B( 49;-53).
Bi 72. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x
2
+ y
2
6x + 2y 15 = 0. Tm ta im M trn
ng thng d: 3x 22y 6 = 0, sao cho t im M k c ti (C) hai tip tuyn MA, MB (A, B l cc
tip im) m ng thng AB i qua im C (0;1).
Hng dn: - (C) :
( ) ( )
2 2
3 1 25 x y + + = , c I(3;-1)
v R=5 .
- Gi
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , ; A x y B x y l 2 tip im ca 2 tip tuyn
k t M .
- Gi M
( )
0 0 0 0
; 3 22 6 0 (*) x y d x y e =
- Hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A,B c phng trnh l :
-
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
1 1
3 3 1 1 25 1 x x y y + + + = v :
-
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 1 1 25 2 x x y y + + + =
- 2 tip tuyn tr thnh 2 tip tuyn k t M th 2
tip tuyn phi i qua M ;
- ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
1 0 1 0
3 3 1 1 25 3 x x y y + + + = v
- ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
2 0 2 0
3 3 1 1 25 4 x x y y + + + =
T (3) v (4) chng t (AB) c phng trnh l : ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
0 0
3 3 1 1 25 5 x x y y + + + =
- Theo gi thit th (AB) qua C(0;1) suy ra :
( ) ( )
0 0 0 0
3 3 2 1 25 3 2 14 0(6) x y x y + + = + =
A
B
C
G
M
2x+y+5=0
3x+2y-1=0
M
A
B
I(3;-1)
H
C(0;1)
3x-22y-6=0


- Kt hp vi (*) ta c h :
0
0 0
0 0 0
1
3 22 6 0
16
; 1
16
3 2 14 0 3
3
y
x y
M
x y x
=
=
| |

|
+ = = \ .

Bi 73.Trong mt phng Oxy : Cho hai im A(2 ; 1), B( - 1 ; - 3) v hai ng thng d
1
: x + y + 3 = 0; d
2

: x 5y 16 = 0. Tm ta cc im C,D ln lt thuc d
1
v d
2
sao cho t gic ABCD l hnh bnh
hnh.
Hng dn: - Trng hp : Nu AB l mt ng cho
+/ Gi I(
1
; 1
2
| |
|
\ .
, ng thng qua I c h s gc k suy ra d: y=k(x-1/2)-1
+/ ng thng d ct
1
d ti C
( )
( )
4
1
2 1
1
2
7 2
3 0
2 1
k
x
k
y k x
k
y
x y
k

=
| |

+
=

|

\ .
+

=
+ + =

( ) ( )
4 7 2
;
2 1 2 1
k k
C
k k
| |
+

|
|
+ +
\ .
. Tng t d ct
2
d ti B :
1
1
2
5 16 0
y k x
x y
| |
=
|
\ .

- T suy ra ta ca B . ABCD l hnh bnh hnh th : AB=CD .S tm c k
* Cch khc :
- Gi C(t;-t-3) thuc
1
d , tm B i xng vi C qua I suy ra D (1-t;t+1)
- tha mn ABCD l hnh bnh hnh th D phi thuc
2
d :
( ) 1 5 1 16 0 t t + =
Suy ra t=-
10
3
v D
13 7
;
3 3
| |
|
\ .
v C
10 1
;
3 3
| |
|
\ .

- Trng hp AB l mt cnh ca hnh bnh hnh .
+/ Chn C (t;-t-3) thuc
1
d v D (5m+16;m) thuc
2
d
+/ ABCD l hnh bnh hnh th :
AC=BD
AB //CD

+/ Ta c
:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 4 5 17 3
2 4 5 17 3
5 16 3
17 7 55 0
3 4
t t m m
t t m m
m t m t
m t
+ + = + + +

+ + = + + +

+ + +
+ =

2 2
2 13 88 89 0
17 55
7
t t m m
m
t
+ = + + =
+
=
. Gii h ny ta tm c m v t , thay vo ta ca C v D
Bi 74. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c C(1;2), hai ng cao xut pht t A v B
ln lt c phng trnh l x + y = 0 v 2x y + 1 = 0. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC.
Hng dn: - (AC) qua C(1;2) v vung gc vi ng cao BK cho nn c :
( ) ( )
1 2
2; 1 : 2 5 0
2 1
x y
u AC x y

= = + =

- (AC) ct (AH) ti A :
3
2 1 0
3 11 5
5
;
2 5 0 11 5 5 5
5
x
x y
A AC
x y
y
+ = | |
=

|
+ =
\ .



- (BC) qua C(1;2) v vung gc vi (AH) suy ra
( ) ( )
1
1;1 :
2
BC
x t
u BC
y t
= +
=

= +

- (BC) ct ng cao (AH) ti B
1
3 1 1
2 ;
2 2 2
0
x t
y t t B
x y
= +
| |
= + =
|
\ .
+ =

- Khong cch t B n (AC) :
1
1 5
9 1 5 9 9 2
.
2 5 20 5 2 5 2 5
S
+
= = =
Bi 75. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hai im
1
F ( - 4; 0),
2
F ( 4;0) v im A(0;3).
a) Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua im A v c hai tiu im
1
F ,
2
F .
b) Tm ta ca im M thuc (E) sao cho M
1
F = 3M
1
2
F
Hng dn: - Gi s (E) :
2 2
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ = (1) . Theo gi thit th : c=4
( )
2 2 2
16 2 c a b = =
- (E) qua A(0;3) suy ra :
2
2
9
1 9 b
b
= = , thay vo (2) ta c ( )
2 2
2
25 : 1
25 9
x y
a E = + =
- M thuc (E) ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
0 0
; 1 2
25 9
x y
M x y + = . Theo tnh cht ca (E) ta c bn knh qua tiu
1 0 2 0 1 2 0 0 0
4 4 4 4 25
5 , 5 3 5 3 5
5 5 5 5 8
MF x MF x MF MF x x x
| |
= + = = + = =
|
\ .
. Thay vo (2) ta c
2
0 0 2
551 551
8 8
y y = =
Bi 76. Trong mp Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x
2
+ y
2
6x + 2y + 6 = 0 v im P(1;3).
a.Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn PE, PF ca ng trn (C), vi E, F l cc tip im.
b.Tnh din tch tam gic PEF.
Hng dn: - (C):
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
3 1 4 3; 1 , 2 x y I R + + = =
- Gi s ng thng qua P c vc t php tuyn
( ) ( ) ( ) ; : 1 3 0 n a b d a x b y + =
Hay : ax+by-(a+3b)=0 (*).
- d l tip tuyn ca (C) th khong cch t
tm I n d bng bn knh :
2 2 2 2
3 3 2 4
2 2
a b a b a b
a b a b

= =
+ +

( )
2
2 2 2
2 4 3 0 a b a b ab b = + =
( )
( )
( ) ( )
0 1 0 1 0
4 3 0
4 4
1 3 0 3 4 6 0
3 3
b a x x
b a b
b a a x a y x y
= = =
=

= + = + =

-Ta c : PI=2 5 , PE=PF=
2 2
20 4 4 PI R = = .
Tam gic IEP ng dng vi IHF suy ra :
I(3;-1) E
F
P(1;3)
O
x
y
H


IF 2 5 IF 2 4
5 ,
IH 2 5 5 5 5
EP IP EP
IH EH
EH IE
= = = = = = = =
2 8 1 1 8 8 32
2 5 EF.PH=
2 2 5 5 5 5 5
EPF
PH PI IH S = = = = =
Bi 77. Trong mpOxy, cho 2 ng thng d
1
: 2x + y 1 = 0, d
2
: 2x y + 2 = 0. Vit pt ng trn (C) c
tm nm trn trc Ox ng thi tip xc vi d
1
v d
2
.
Hng dn: - Gi I(a;0) thuc Ox . Nu (C) tip xc vi 2 ng thng th :
( ) ( )
( )
1 2
1
, ,
,
h I d h I d
h I d R
=

( )
( )
2 1 2 2
1
5 5
2 1
2
5
a a
a
R
+
=
. T (1) : a=
1
4
, thay vo (2) : R=
( )
2
2
5 1 5
:
10 4 100
C x y
| |
+ =
|
\ .

Bi 78. Trong mpOxy, cho 2 ng thng d
1
: 2x 3y + 1 = 0, d
2
: 4x + y 5 = 0. Gi A l giao im ca
d
1
v d
2
. Tm im B trn d
1
v im C trn d
2
sao cho AABC c trng tm G(3; 5).
Hng dn: - Ta A l nghim ca h :
2 3 1 0
7 3
;
4 5 0 8 2
x y
A
x y
+ =
| |
|
+ =
\ .

-
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2 ;1 3 , ;5 4 B d B t t C d C m m e + e .
Tam gic ABC nhn G(3;5) lm trng tm :
7 57
1 2 9 2
8 8
3 15
1 3 5 4 15 3 4
2 2
t m t m
t m t m

+ + + = + =

+ + = + =

Gii h trn suy ra :
31 67 88
;
5 5 5
207 207 257
;
40 40 10
t B
m C
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .

2
+ y
2
2x 4y + 3 = 0. Lp pt ng trn (C) i xng vi (C) qua
ng thng A: x 2 = 0
Hng dn: Ta c (C):
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 2 1; 2 , 2 x y I R + = =
- Gi J l tm ca (C') th I v J i xng nhau qua d : x=2 suy ra J(3;2) v (C) c cng bn knh R . Vy
(C'):
( ) ( )
2 2
3 2 2 x y + = i xng vi (C) qua d .
Bi 80. Trong mpOxy, cho AABC c trc tm H
13 13
;
5 5
| |
|
\ .
, pt cc ng thng AB v AC ln lt l: 4x
y 3 = 0, x + y 7 = 0. Vit pt ng thng cha cnh BC.
Hng dn: - Ta A l nghim ca h :
4 3 0
7 0
x y
x y
=
+ =

Suy ra : A(2;5). ( )
3 12
; // 1; 4
5 5
HA u
| |
=
|
\ .
. Suy ra
(AH) c vc t ch phng
( ) 1; 4 u . (BC) vung gc
vi (AH) cho nn (BC) c
( ) 1; 4 n u = suy ra (BC): x-
4y+m=0 (*).
A(2;5)
B C
E
K
H
4x-y-3=0
x+y-7=0


- C thuc (AC) suy ra C(t;7-t ) v ( )
13 22
; 1; 4
5 5
AB
CH t t u CH
| |
= =
|
\ .
. Cho nn ta c :
( )
13 22
4 0 5 5; 2
5 5
t t t C
| |
+ = =
|
\ .
.
- Vy (BC) qua C(5;2) c vc t php tuyn
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1; 4 : 5 4 2 0 n BC x y = =
(BC): 4 3 0 x y + =
Bi 81. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng thng d: x + y 3 = 0 v 2 im A(1; 1), B(3;
4). Tm ta im M thuc ng thng d sao cho khong cch t M n ng thng AB bng 1.
Hng dn: - M thuc d suy ra M(t;3-t) . ng thng (AB) qua A(1;1) v c vc t ch phng
( ) ( )
1 1
4; 3 : 3 4 4 0
4 3
x y
u AB x y

= = + =

- Theo u bi :
( ) 3 4 3 4
1 8 5
5
t t
t
+
= + =
( )
( )
3 3; 0
13 13; 10
t M
t M
=

* Ch :
ng thng d' song song vi (AB) c dng : 3x+4y+m=0 . Nu d' cch (AB) mt khong bng 1 th
h(A,d')=1
3 4
1
5
m + +
=
2 ' : 3 4 2 0
12 ' : 3 4 12 0
m d x y
m d x y
= + =
= + =
. Tm giao ca d' vi d ta tm c M .
Bi 82. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho AABC c nh A(4; 3), ng cao BH v trung tuyn
CM c pt ln lt l: 3x y + 11 = 0, x + y 1 = 0. Tm ta cc nh B, C
Hng dn: ng thng (AC) qua A(4;3) v vung gc vi (BH) suy ra (AC) :
4 3
3
x t
y t
= +

(AC) ct trung tuyn (CM) ti C : ( )
4 3
3 2 6 0 3 5; 6
1 0
x t
y t t t C
x y
= +
= + = =
+ =

- B thuc (BH) suy ra B(t;3t+11 ). Do (CM) l trung tuyn cho nn M l trung im ca AB , ng thi M
thuc (CM) .
4 3 14
;
2 2
t t
M
+ + | |
|
\ .

( )
4 3 14
1 0 4
2 2
t t
M CM t
+ +
e + = = .
Do ta ca B(-4;-1) v M(0;1 ).

Bi 83. Trong mpOxy, cho elip (E):
2 2
1
8 4
x y
+ = v
ng thng d: x 2 y + 2 = 0. ng thng d ct elip
(E) ti 2 im B, C. Tm im A trn elip (E) sao cho AABC c din tch ln nht.
Hng dn: -Do ng thng d c nh cho nn B,C c nh , c ngha l cnh y BC ca tam gic
ABC c nh .
- Din tch tam gic ln nht khi khong cch t A ( trn E) l ln nht
- Phng trnh tham s ca (E) :
B
H
C
M
A(4;3)
3x-y+11=0
x+y-1=0


( )
2 2 sin
2 2 sin ; 2cos
2cos
x t
A t t
y t

- Ta c :
( )
2 2 sin 2 2 ost+2
,
3
t c
h A d
=
( )
4sin
2 2 sin ost
4 4
3 3 3
x
t c
t | |
\ .
= = s .
Du ng thc ch xy ra khi
sin 1
4
x
t | |
=
|
\ .
.
sin 1
2 2 2, 2
4
4 2 4
3
2 2 2, 2 sin 1
4 2 4 4
x
x k x k x y
x k x k x y x
t
t t t
t t
t t t t
t t
| |

=
= + = + = = |

\ .
| |

= + = + = = =
|

\ .
Nhn xt : Thay ta 2
im A tm c ta thy im
( )
2; 2 A tha mn .
Bi 84. Trong h trc 0xy, cho ng trn (C): x
2
+y
2
-8x+12=0 v im E(4;1). Tm to im M trn
trc tung sao cho t M k c 2 tip tuyn MA, MB n (C), vi A,B l cc tip im sao cho E thuc
ng thng AB
( ) ( )
2
2
4 4 2;0 , 2 x y I R + = =
- Gi M(0;a) thuc Oy .
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , ; A x y B x y C e
- Tip tuyn ti A v B c phng trnh l :
( )( ) ( )( )
1 1 2 2
4 4 4, 4 4 4 x x y y x x y y + = + =
- tha mn 2 tip tuyn ny cng qua M(0;a)
( )( ) ( )( )
1 1 2 1
4 0 4 4, 4 0 4 4 x y a x y a + = + = .
Chng t (AB) c phng trnh : -4(x-4)+ay=4
- Nu (AB) qua E(4;1) : -4(0)+a.1=4 suy ra : a=4
Vy trn Oy c M(0;4 ) tha mn .
Bi 85. Cho tam gic ABC c din tch S=
2
3
, hai nh A(2;-3), B(3;-2) v trng tm G ca tam gic thuc
t 3x-y-8=0. Tm ta nh C
Hng dn: - V G thuc d suy ra G(t;3t-8)
( )
( )
0 0
2 ;5 3
; 8 3
GA t t
GM x t y t
= +
. Theo tnh cht trng tm ca

tam gic :
0 0
0 0
2 2 2 2 3 2
2
5 3 2 16 6 2 9 21
t x t x t
GA GM
t y t y t
= + =
=

= + =

. Theo tnh cht trung im ta c ta
ca C( ) 3 5;9 19 t t .
2 -2
2
y
x
O
-2

x- y+2=0
B
C A
-2
2
A
y
x I(4;0) O
1 E(4;1)
A
B
M
d'


- (AB) qua A(2;-3 ) c vc t ch phng
( ) ( )
2 2
1;1 : 4 0.
1 1
x y
u AB x y
+
= = =
ng thi : 2 AB = . Khong cch t C n (AB) :
3 5 9 19 4 10 6
2 2
t t t +
= =
- Theo gi thit :
13 3 11
;
10 6 3 10 6 6 2 2 1 1 3
. 2 5 3
10 6 3 2 2 2 7 3 7 2
;
6 2 2
t C
t t
S AB h t
t
t C
| |
=
|
= \ .
= = = =
=
| |
=
|
\ .

Bi 86. Viet phng trnh ng tron (C ) co ban knh R = 2 tiep xuc vi truc hoanh
va co tam I nam tren ng thang (d) : x + y 3 = 0.
Hng dn: - Tm I nm trn d suy ra I(t;3-t) . Nu (C) tip xc vi Ox th khong cch t I n Ox
bng bn knh R=2 :
( )
( )
1
2
5 5; 2
3 2
3 2
3 2 1 1; 2
t I
t
t
t t I
= =
=
=

= = =

- Nh vy c 2 ng trn :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2
: 5 2 4 , : 1 2 4 C x y C x y + + = + = .

Bi 87. Trong mat phang toa o Oxy, cho ho ng thang phu thuoc tham so o :
(x 1)coso + (y 1)sino 1 = 0
a. Tm tap hp caciem cua mat phang khong thuoc bat ky ng thang nao
cua ho.
b. Chng minh moi ng thang cua ho eu tiep xuc vi mot ng tron co
nh.
Hng dn: b. Gi
( )
0 0
; I x y l im c nh . Khong cch t I n d c gi tr l :
( ) ( )
( )
0 0 0 0
2 2
0 0
1 os + y -1 sin 1 1 0 1 1
1 1;1
1 0 1 1
sin os
x c x x
I
y y
c
o o
o o
= =
= =

= =
+

- Vi kt qu trn chng t d lun tip xc vi ng trn (C) c tm I v bn knh bng 1 ( Khng ph
thuc vo o . (C):
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 1 x y + =
Bi 88. Lap ph. trnh cac canh cua A ABC, biet nh A(1 ; 3) va hai ng trung
tuyen xuat phat t B va C co ph.trnh la: x 2y +1= 0 va y 1= 0.
Hng dn: Gi G l trng tm tam gic th t
G l nghim ca h
( )
2 1 0
1;1
1 0
x y
G
y
+ =

.
E(x;y) thuc (BC), theo tnh cht trng tm ta c :
( ) ( ) 0; 2 , 1; 1 2 GA GE x y GA GE = = =
( )
( )
( )
0 2 1
1; 0
2 2 1
x
E
y
=
. C thuc (CN) cho

nn C(t;1), B thuc (BM) cho nn B(2m-1;m) . Do
B,C i xng nhau qua E cho nn ta c h phng
trnh :
( ) ( )
2 1 2 5
5;1 , 3; 1
1 0 1
m t t
B C
m m
+ = =

+ = =

. Vy (BC) qua E(1;0) c vc t ch phng
( ) ( ) ( )
1
8; 2 // 4;1 : 4 1 0
4 1
x y
BC u BC x y
= = = . Tng t :
A(1;3)
B
C
M
N
x-2y+1=0
y-1=0
G
E
A'


(AB) qua A(1;3) c
( ) ( ) ( )
1 3
4; 2 // 2; 1 : 2 7 0
2 1
x y
AB u AB x y

= = = + =
.
(AC) qua A(1;3) c
( ) ( ) ( )
1 3
4; 4 // 1;1 : 2 0
1 1
x y
AC u AC x y

= = = + =
* Ch : Hoc gi A' i xng vi A qua G suy ra A'(1;-1) th BGCA' l hnh bnh hnh , t ta tm
c ta ca 2 nh B,C v cch lp cc cnh nh trn.
Bi 89. Cho AABC co nh A(2 ; 1) va hai ng phan giac trong cua goc B, goc C
co phng trnh lan lt la (d
B
) : x 2y + 1 = 0 va (d
C
) : x + y + 3 = 0. Lap phng trnh
canh BC.
Hng dn: - Gi A' i xng vi A qua
B
d v A'' i xng vi A qua
C
d th A' v A'' nm trn BC .
+/ Tm ta A' (x;y):
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 1 1 0
2 3
AA' 0
' 0;3
2 1
2 6 2 1 0
2 2
B
x y
x y
u
A
x y
x y
I d
+ + =
+ = =

+ | |
= + = e

|
\ .

+/ Tm ta A'' (x;y) :
( ) ( )
( )
2 1 1 0
3
AA'' 0
'' 2; 5
2 1
7 3 0
2 2
B
x y
x y
u
A
x y
x y
I d
+ =
= =

+ | |
+ = + + = e

|
\ .

+/ (BC) qua A'(0;3) c vc t ch phng ( ) ( ) ( )
3
' '' 2; 8 // 1; 4 :
1 4
x y
A A u BC

= = =
Bi 90. Cho tam gic ABC c trung im AB l I(1;3), trung im AC l J(-3;1). im A thuc Oy , v
ng thng BC i qua gc ta O . Tm ta im A , phng trnh ng thng BC v ng cao v
t B ?
Hng dn:
- Do A thuc Oy cho nn A(0;m). (BC) qua gc ta O
cho nn (BC): ax+by=0 (1).
- V IJ l 2 trung im ca (AB) v (AC) cho nn IJ //BC
suy ra (BC) c vc t ch phng :
( ) ( ) ( ) IJ 4; 2 // 2;1 : 2 0 u BC x y = = = .
- B thuc (BC) suy ra B(2t;t) v A(2-2t;6-t) . Nhng A thuc
Oy cho nn : 2-2t=0 , t=1 v A(0;5). Tng t C(-6;-3)
,B(0;1).
- ng cao BH qua B(0;1) v vung gc vi AC cho nn
c
( ) ( ) ( )
1
6; 8 // 3; 4 : 4 3 3 0
3 4
x y
AC u BH x y
= = = + =
Bi 91. Cho hai im A(1;1), B(4;-3) v ng thng d : x-2y-1=0.
a. Tm ta im C trn d sao cho khong cch t C n ng thng AB=6( HKB-04)
b. Tm ta trc tm v tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic OAB ?( HKA-2004)
Hng dn:
a/ (AB) qua A(1;1) c ( ) ( )
1 1
3; 4 : 4 3 7 0
3 4
x y
u AB AB x y

= = = + =

- C thuc : x-2y-1=0 suy ra C(2t+1;t ) do :
( ) 4 2 1 3 7
6 11 3 30
5
t t
t
+ +
= =
( )
1
2
3 7;3
27 43 27
;
11 11 11
t C
t C
=
| |
=
|
\ .

b/ - ng thng qua O vung gc vi AB c phng trnh : 3x-4y=0.
I(1;3)
J(-3;1)
A
B C
ax+by=0
H


- ng thng qua B v vung gc vi OA c phng trnh : (x-4)+(y+3)=0.
- ng thng qua A v vung gc vi OB c phng trnh : 4(x-1)-3(y-1)=0
hay : 4x-3y-1=0
- Vy ta trc tm H l nghim :
( )
4
3 4 1 0
3 4 0
4 3
7
1 0 1 ;
3 7 7
4 3 1 0 4 3 1 0
7
x x
x y
x
x y y x H
y
x y x y
=
=
=
| |
+ = =

|
\ .

=
= =

- Gi s ng trn ngoi tip tam gic (C):
2 2
2 2 0 x y ax by c + + =
- (C) qua O(0;0) suy ra c=0 (1)
- (C) qua A(1;1) suy ra : 2-2a-2b=0 , hay : a+b=1 (2)
- (C) qua B(4;-3) suy ra : 25-8a+6b=0 , hay : 8a-6b=25 (3)
- T (2) v (3) ta c h :
31 17
1
1 1
14 14
8 6 25 8 6(1 ) 25 31 31
14 14
b b
a b b a
a b a a
a a

= =

+ = =

= =

= =

- Vy (C) :
2 2
31 17
0
7 4
x y x y + + =
Bi 92. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho ng thng d : x+2y-3=0 v hai im A(1;0) ,B(3;-4). Hy tm
trn d im M sao cho : 3 MA MB + nh nht
Hng dn: - Trn d c M(3-2t;t) suy ra :
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 ; , 2 ; 4 3 6 3 12 MA t t MB t t MB t t = = + = + +
- Do vy : ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
3 2 8 ; 4 12 3 2 8 4 12 MA MB t t MA MB t t + = + + = + +
- Hay : f(t)=
2
2
2 676 26
3 80 64 148 80
5 5 5
MA MB t t t
| |
+ = + + = + + >
|
\ .
. Du ng thc xy ra khi t=
2 19 2
;
5 5 5
M
| |

|
\ .
. Khi min(t)=
26
5
.
Bi 93. Trong mt phng Oxy cho im A(2;5),B(5;1) . Vit phng trnh ng thng d qua A sao cho
khong cch t B n d bng 3.
Hng dn: ng thng d qua A(2;5) c
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ; : 2 5 0 1 n a b d a x b y = + =
Theo gi thit : ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2
5 2 1 5
, 3 3 4 9
a b
h B d a b a b
a b
+
= = = +
+

( )
( ) ( )
2
0 : 2 0 2 0
7 24 0
24 24
2 5 0 7 24 114 0
7 7
b d a x x
b ab
a
b x y x y
= = =
=

= + = + =

Bi 94. Trong (Oxy) cho A(2;5) v ng thng d : 2x+3y+4=0. Vit phng trnh tng qut ca ng
thng d' qua A v to vi d mt gc bng
0
45 .
Hng dn: ng thng d' qua A(2;5) c ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ; : 2 5 0 1 n a b d a x b y = + =
ng thng d c vc t php tuyn ( ) ' 2;3 n = . Theo gi thit th :
( ) ( )
2
0 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 3 1
cos45 2 2 3 13 5 24 5 0
2
13
a b
a b a b b ab a
a b
+
= = + = + + =
+



Ta c :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
5 ' : 2 5 5 0 5 23 0
' 169
5 ' : 5 2 5 0 5 15 0
5
b
b a d x y x y
a
a
b a b d x y x y
= = + =
A =

= = + = + =

Bi 95. Trong (Oxy) cho hnh ch nht ABCD , bit phng trnh cha 2 ng cho l
1
: 7 4 0 d x y + =
v
2
: 2 0 d x y + = . Vit phng trnh ng thng cha cnh hnh ch nht , bit ng thng i qua
im M(-3;5).
Hng dn: - Tm ca hnh ch nht c ta l nghim ca h :
7 4 0
1 9
;
2 0 4 4
x y
I
x y
+ =
| |
|
+ =
\ .

Gi d l ng thng qua M(-3;5 ) c vc t php tuyn :
( ) ; n a b . Khi
( ) ( ) ( ) : 3 5 0 1 d a x b y + + = . Gi cnh hnh vung (AB) qua M th theo tnh cht hnh ch nht :
1 2
2 2 2 2
1 2
3 7
7 5
3
50 2
nn nn
a b a b a b
a b a b
b a
n n n n a b a b
= +
= = + =

=
+ +

Do :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 : 3 3 5 0 3 14 0
3 3 3 5 0 3 12 0
a b d x y x y
b a x y x y
= + + = + =
= + + = + =

Bi 96. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC, vi ) 5 ; 2 ( , ) 1 ; 1 ( B A , nh
C nm trn -ng thng 0 4 = x , v trng tm G ca tam gic nm trn
-ng thng 0 6 3 2 = + y x . Tnh din tch tam gic ABC.
Hng dn:
Ta c ) ; 4 (
C
y C = . Khi ta G l
3
2
3
5 1
, 1
3
4 2 1
C C
G G
y y
y x + =
+ +
= =
+
= . im
G nm trn -ng thng 0 6 3 2 = + y x nn 0 6 6 2 = +
C
y , vy 2 =
C
y , tc l:
) 2 ; 4 ( = C
. Ta c ) 1 ; 3 ( , ) 4 ; 3 ( = = AC AB , vy 5 = AB , 10 = AC , 5 . = AC AB .
Din tch tam gic ABC l ( ) 25 10 . 25
2
1
. .
2
1
2
2 2
= = AC AB AC AB S =
2
15

Bi 97.. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC, vi ) 2 ; 1 ( , ) 1 ; 2 ( B A ,
nh C bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 13,5 .
Hng dn:
. V G nm trn -ng thng 0 2 = + y x nn G c ta ) 2 ; ( t t G = . Khi
) 3 ; 2 ( t t AG = , ) 1 ; 1 ( = AB Vy din tch tam gic ABG l
( ) | | 1 ) 3 ( ) 2 ( 2
2
1
. .
2
1
2 2
2
2 2
+ = = t t AB AG AB AG S
=
2
3 2 t

Nu din tch tam gic ABC bng 13,5 th din tch tam gic ABG bng
5 , 4 3 : 5 , 13 = . Vy 5 , 4
2
3 2
=
t
, suy ra 6 = t hoc 3 = t . Vy c hai im G :
) 1 ; 3 ( , ) 4 ; 6 (
2 1
= = G G . V G l trng tm tam gic ABC nn ) ( 3
B a G C
x x x x + = v
) ( 3
B a G C
y y y y + = .
Vi ) 4 ; 6 (
1
= G ta c ) 9 ; 15 (
1
= C , vi ) 1 ; 3 (
2
= G ta c ) 18 ; 12 (
2
= C
Bi 98. . Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hai ng thng A: 3 8 0 x y + + = , ' :3 4 10 0 x y A + = v
im A(-2 ; 1). Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc ng thng A, i qua im A v tip xc vi
ng thng A.


Hng dn: Tm I ca ng trn thuc A nn I(-3t 8; t)
Theo yc th k/c t I n A bng k/c IA nn ta c
2 2
2 2
3( 3 8) 4 10
( 3 8 2) ( 1)
3 4
t t
t t
+
= + +
+

Gii tip c t = -3
Khi I(1; -3), R = 5 v pt cn tm: (x 1)
2
+ (y + 3)
2
= 25.
Bi 99. . Tam gic cn ABC c y BC nm trn ng thng : 2x 5y + 1 = 0, cnh bn AB nm trn
ng thng : 12x y 23 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng AC bit rng n i qua im (3;1)
Hng dn:

Bi 100 . Trong mp (Oxy) cho ng thng (A) c phng trnh: x 2y 2 = 0 v hai im A (-
1;2); B (3;4). Tm im Me(A) sao cho 2MA
2
+ MB
2
c gi tr nh nht
Hng dn:
M (2 2; ), (2 3; 2), (2 1; 4) M t t AM t t BM t t eA + = + =
2 2 2
2 15 4 43 ( ) AM BM t t f t + = + + =
Min f(t) =
2
15
f
| |
|
\ .
=> M
26 2
;
15 15
| |
|
\ .

Bi 101 . Trong mt phng Oxy cho ba ng thng
1
: 4 9 0, d x y + =

2
: 2 6 0, d x y + =
3
: 2 0 d x y + =
. Tm ta cc nh ca hnh thoi ABCD, bit hnh thoi
ABCD c din tch bng 15, cc nh A,C thuc
3
d , B thuc
1
d v D thuc
2
d .
Hng dn: ng cho (BD) vung gc vi (AC) cho nn (BD c dng : x+y+m=0
(BD) ct
1
d ti B c ta l nghim ca h :
0
9 4 9
;
4 9 0 3 3
x y m
m m
B
x y
+ + = + + | |

|
+ =
\ .

(BD) ct
2
d ti D c ta l nghim ca h :
0
6 2 6
;
2 6 0 3 3
x y m
m m
D
x y
+ + = + + | |

|
+ =
\ .

Trung im I ca BD l tm hnh thoi c ta l :
1 2 1
;
2 2
m
I
+ | |
|
\ .

Theo gi thit I thuc (AC) : ( )
1 2 1
2 0 3 : 3 0
2 2
m
m BD x y
+
+ + = = + = v ta cc im
B(2;1),D(-1;4) v I
1 5
;
2 2
| |
|
\ .
. Gi A(t;t+2) thuc (AC) . Suy ra : ( )
2 3
, ( )
2
t t
h A AC
+ +
=
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 3;5 2; 0
2 1 2 1
1
2 . , 3 2 15
2 2 2; 0 3;5 2 2
t A C
t t
S BDh A AC
t A C
=

= = = =

=

Bi 102. Trong (Oxy) cho im M(1;2) . Lp phng trnh ng thng d qua M ct Ox,Oy ln lt ti
A,B sao cho din tch tam gic OAB nh nht .
ng thng AC i qua im (3 ; 1) nn c phng trnh : a(x 3) + b( y 1) = 0 (a
2
+ b
2
= 0)
Gc ca n to vi BC bng gc ca AB to vi BC nn :
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2a 5b 2.12 5.1
2 5 . a b 2 5 . 12 1
+
=
+ + + +

2 2
2a 5b
29
5
a b
=
+
( ) ( )
2
2 2
5 2a 5b 29 a b = + 9a
2
+ 100ab 96b
2
= 0
a 12b
8
a b
9
=

Nghim a = -12b cho ta ng thng song song vi AB ( v im ( 3 ; 1) khng thuc AB) nn
khng phi l cnh tam gic . Vy cn li : 9a = 8b hay a = 8 v b = 9
Phng trnh cn tm l : 8x + 9y 33 = 0


Hng dn: ng thng dng : x=1 v y=2 khng ct 2 trc ta . Cho nn gi d l ng thng qua
M(1;2) c h s gc k( khc 0) th d : y=k(x-1)+2 , hay y=kx+2-k .
ng thng d ct Ox ti A
2
; 0
k
k
| |
|
\ .
v ct Oy ti B(0;2-k)
Do :
2
1 2 1 4 4 1 4
2 4
2 2 2
OAB
k k k
S k k
k k k
+
= = = + (1)
Xt f(k)=
( )
2
4 4
4 ' 1 0 2 k f k k
k k
+ = = =
Ta c bng bin thin :
k - -2 0 2 +
f'(k) + 0 - - 0 +
f(k)
-
-16
-6
+
Cn c vo bng bin thin ta c macx ( ) 16 f k = t c khi k=-2 . Khi ng thng
d : y=-2(x-1)+2 , hay y=-2x+4 v A(2;0) v B(0;4) .
Bi 103.Trong (Oxy) cho tam gic ABC, bit ba chn ng cao tng ng vi 3 nh A,B,C l
A'(1;1),B'(-2;3),C'(2;4). Vit phng trnh ng thng cha cnh (BC).
Hng dn: Do l cc ng cao cho nn t gic AC'IB' l t gic ni tip trong ng trn c ng
knh l AI , C'B' l mt dy cung v vy AA' vung gc vi C'B' . Vy (BC) qua A'(1;1) v c vc t php
tuyn
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ' ' 4; 1 // 4;1 : 4 1 1 0 C B n BC x y = = + =
4 5 0 x y + = .
Tng t nh lp lun trn ta tm ra phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC :
(AB) : 3x-2y+2=0 ....
Bi 104. Trong (Oxy) cho hai im
( ) ( )
2 3; 2 , 2 3; 2 A B
a/ Chng t tam gic OAB l tam gic u
b/ Chng minh rng tp hp cc im M sao cho :
2 2 2
32 MO MA MB + + = l mt ng trn (C).
c/ Chng t (C) l ng trn ngoi tip tam gic OAB.
Hng dn: a/ Ta c :
( )
2
2
2 3 2 4, 4, 4 OA OB AB = + = = = . Chng t OAB l tam gic u .
b/ Gi M(x;y) th ng thc gi thit cho tng ng vi biu thc :
Ta c :
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
, 4 3 4 16, 4 3 4 16 MO x y MA x y x y MB x y x y = + = + + = + + +
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
8 3
32 3 3 8 3 32 32 0
3
MO MA MB x y x x y x + + = + + = + =
2 2
2
4 3 4 3
3 3
x y
| | | |
+ =
| |
| |
\ . \ .
. Chng t l ng trn (C) c tm
4 3 4 3
; 0 ,
3 3
I R
| |
=
|
|
\ .

c/ Thay ta O,A,B vo (1) ta thy tha mn , chng t (C) l ng trn ngoi tip tam gic OAB.
Bi 105. Vit phng trnh cc cnh hnh vung ABCD bit AB,CD,ln lt i qua cc im P(2;1) v
Q(3;5), cn BC v AD qua cc im R(0;1) v S(-3;-1)
Hng dn: (AB) c dng y=kx+b v (AD) : y=-1/kx+b' .
Cho AB v AD qua cc im tng ng ta c : 2k+b=1 (1) v ( )
3
' 1 2 b
k
+ =
Ta c :
( ) ( )
2 2
3 5 0 '
, ; ,
1 1
k b k kb
h Q AB h R AD
k k
+ +
= =
+ +
. Theo tnh cht hnh vung :


( ) ( )
2 2
3 5 0 '
, , 3 5 '
1 1
k b k kb
h Q AB h R AD k b k kb
k k
+ +
= = + =
+ +

T ta c h :
2 1
1 1 4
' 3 , , ' 10 , 7, 15, '
3 3 7
3 5 '
k b
k kb k b b k b b
k b k kb
+ =
| | | |
+ = = = = = = =
| |
\ . \ .
+ =

Do : : 3 1 0, : 3 10 0, : 3 12 0, : 3 1 0 AB x y AD x y CD x y BC x y + = + + = + = + =
Hoc : : 7 15 0, : 7 4 0, : 7 26 0, : 7 7 0 AB x y AD x y CD x y BC x y + = = + = + =

Bi 106. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A. Bit phng trnh cnh BC l
( ) : 7 31 0 d x y + = , im N(7; 7) thuc ng thng AC, im M(2; -3) thuc AB v nm ngoi on AB.
Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC.
Hng dn: ng thng AB i qua M nn c phng trnh
( ) ( ) 2 3 0 a x b y + + =
( )
2 2
0 a b + =
( )
0
; 45 AB BC = nn
0
2 2
3 4 7
cos 45
4 3
50
a b a b
a b
a b
= +
=

=
+
. Nu 3a = 4b, chn a = 4, b = 3 ta c
( ) : 4 3 1 0 AB x y + + = .
( ) : 3 4 7 0 AC x y + = .
T A(-1; 1) v B(-4; 5). Kim tra 2 MB MA = nn M nm ngoi on AB (TM)
T tm c C(3; 4) Nu 4a = -3b, chn a = 3, b = -4 c
( ) : 3 4 18 0 AB x y = ,
( ) : 4 3 49 0 AC x y + =
T A(10; 3) v B(10;3) (loi)
Bi 107. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A. Bit phng trnh cnh BC l
( ) : 7 31 0 d x y + = , im N(7; 7) thuc ng thng AC, im M(2; -3) thuc AB v nm ngoi on AB.
Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC.
Hng dn: ng thng AB i qua M nn c phng trnh
( ) ( ) 2 3 0 a x b y + + =
( )
2 2
0 a b + =
( )
0
; 45 AB BC = nn
0
2 2
3 4 7
cos 45
4 3
50
a b a b
a b
a b
= +
=

=
+
.

Nu 3a = 4b, chn a = 4, b = 3 ta c
( ) : 4 3 1 0 AB x y + + = .
( ) : 3 4 7 0 AC x y + = .
T A(-1; 1) v B(-4; 5). Kim tra 2 MB MA = nn M nm ngoi on AB (TM)
T tm c C(3; 4); Nu 4a = -3b, chn a = 3, b = -4 c
( ) : 3 4 18 0 AB x y = ,
( ) : 4 3 49 0 AC x y + = ; T A(10; 3) v B(10;3) (loi)
Bi 108. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho im A(1;1) v ng thng A : 2x + 3y + 4 = 0.
Tm ta im B thuc ng thng A sao cho ng thng AB v A hp vi nhau gc 45
0
.
Hng dn: *A c phng trnh tham s
1 3
2 2
x t
y t
=
= +
v c vtcp ( 3; 2) u =
*A thuc A (1 3 ; 2 2 ) A t t + *Ta c (AB; A)=45
0

1
os( ; )
2
c AB u =
.
1
2 .
AB u
AB u
=

2
15 3
169 156 45 0
13 13
t t t t = = v = *Cc im cn tm l
1 2
32 4 22 32
( ; ), ( ; )
13 13 13 13
A A
Bi 109. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c cnh AB: x -2y -1 =0, ng
cho BD: x- 7y +14 = 0 v ng cho AC i qua im M(2;1). Tm to cc nh ca hnh ch nht.
Hng dn: (7;3) BD AB B = , pt g thng BC: 2x + y 17 = 0


(2 1; ), ( ;17 2 ), 3, 7 A AB A a a C BC C c c a c e + e = = ,
I =
2 1 2 17
;
2 2
a c a c + + + | |
|
\ .
l trung im ca AC, BD.
I 3 18 0 3 18 (6 35;3 18) BD c a a c A c c e = =
M, A, C thng hng , MA MC cng phng => c
2
13c +42 =0
7( )
6
c loai
c
=
c = 6 =>A(1;0), C(6;5) ,
D(0;2), B(7;3)
Bi 110.Trong mp (Oxy) cho ng thng (A) c phng trnh: x 2y 2 = 0 v hai im A (-
1;2); B (3;4). Tm im Me(A) sao cho 2MA
2
+ MB
2
c gi tr nh nht.
Hng dn:
M (2 2; ), (2 3; 2), (2 1; 4) M t t AM t t BM t t eA + = + =
2 2 2
2 15 4 43 ( ) AM BM t t f t + = + + = ;Min
f(t) =
2
15
f
| |
|
\ .
=> M
26 2
;
15 15
| |
|
\ .

Bi 111. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c phng trnh cnh AB: x - y - 2 = 0,
phng trnh cnh AC: x + 2y - 5 = 0. Bit trng tm ca tam gic G(3; 2). Vit phng trnh cnh BC.
Hng dn: Ta im A l nghim ca HPT:
- - 2 0
2 - 5 0
x y
x y
=
+ =
A(3; 1)
Gi B(b; b- 2) e AB, C(5- 2c; c) e AC; Do G l trng tm ca tam gic ABC nn
3 5 2 9
1 2 6
b c
b c
+ + =
+ + =

5
2
b
c
=
. Hay B(5; 3), C(1; 2) ; Mt vect ch phng ca cnh BC l ( 4; 1) u BC = = .

Phng trnh cnh BC l: x - 4y + 7 = 0
Bi 19 Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua hai im A(2; 5), B(4;1) v tip xc vi ng thng c
phng trnh 3x y + 9 = 0.
Hng dn: Gi
( )
; I a b l tm ng trn ta c h

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2
2 2
2 5 4 1 (1)
3 9
;
2 5 2
10
a b a b
IA IB
a b
IA d I
a b
+ = +
=

+
= A
+ =

( )
1 2 3 a b = th vo (2) ta c
2
12 20 0 2 10 b b b b + = = v =
*) vi
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 1; 10 : 1 2 10 b a R C x y = = = + =

*)vi
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
10 17; 250 : 17 10 250 b a R C x y = = = + =

Bi 112.Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c trng tm G(2, 0) bit phng trnh cc cnh AB,
AC theo th t l 4x + y + 14 = 0; 0 2 y 5 x 2 = + . Tm ta cc nh A, B, C.
Hng dn: Ta A l nghim ca h
{ {
4x y 14 0 x 4
2x 5y 2 0 y 2
+ + = =
+ = =
A(4, 2)
V G(2, 0) l trng tm ca AABC nn

= +
= +
+ + =
+ + =
2 y y
2 x x
y y y y 3
x x x x 3
C B
C B
C B A G
C B A G
(1)
V B(x
B
, y
B
) e AB y
B
= 4x
B
14 (2); C(x
C
, y
C
) e AC
5
2
5
x 2
y
C
C
+ = ( 3) Th (2) v (3) vo
(1) ta c


= =
= =
= +
= +
0 y 1 x
2 y 3 x
2
5
2
5
x 2
14 x 4
2 x x
C C
B B
C
B
C B
; Vy A(4, 2), B(3, 2), C(1, 0)
Bi 113. Trong mt phng to Oxy cho hai ng thng (d
1
) : 4x - 3y - 12 = 0 v (d
2
): 4x + 3y - 12 = 0.
Tm to tm v bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic c 3 cnh nm trn (d
1
), (d
2
), trc Oy.
Hng dn: Gi A l giao im d
1
v d
2
ta c A(3 ;0) ;Gi B l giao im d
1
vi trc Oy ta c B(0 ; - 4)
Gi C l giao im d
2
vi Oy ta c C(0 ;4) ; Gi BI l ng phn gic trong gc B vi I thuc OA khi
ta c I(4/3 ; 0), R = 4/3
Bi 114. Cho im A(-1 ;0), B(1 ;2) v ng thng (d): x - y - 1 = 0. Lp phng trnh ng trn i qua
2
im A, B v tip xc vi ng thng (d).
Hng dn: Gi s phng trnh cn tm l (x-a)
2
+ (x-b)
2
= R
2

V ng trn i qua A, B v tip xc vi d nn ta c h phng trnh
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
(1 )
(1 ) (2 )
( 1) 2
a b R
a y R
a b R
+ + =
+ =
2
0
1
2
a
b
R
=
Vy ng trn cn tm l: x
2
+ (y - 1)
2
= 2
Bi 115.Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho im C(2;-5 ) v ng thng : 3 4 4 0 x y A + = .
Tm trn A hai im A v B i xng nhau qua I(2;5/2) sao cho din tch tam gic ABC
bng15.
Hng dn: 1. Gi
3 4 16 3
( ; ) (4 ; )
4 4
a a
A a B a
+
. Khi din tch tam gic ABC l

1
. ( ) 3
2
ABC
S ABd C AB = A = .Theo gi thit ta c
2
2
4
6 3
5 (4 2 ) 25
0 2
a
a
AB a
a
= | |
= + =
|
=
\ .

Vy hai im cn tm l A(0;1) v B(4;4).
Bi 116.Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC bit A(2; - 3), B(3; - 2),
c din tch bng
3
2
v trng tm thuc -ng thng A: 3x y 8 = 0.
Tm ta nh C.
Hng dn: Ta c: AB = 2 , M = (
5 5
;
2 2
), pt AB: x y 5 = 0
S
ABC A
=
1
2
d(C, AB).AB =
3
2
d(C, AB)=
3
2

Gi G(t;3t-8) l trng tm tam gic ABC th d(G, AB)=
1
2

d(G, AB)=
(3 8) 5
2
t t
=
1
2
t = 1 hoc t = 2
G(1; - 5) hoc G(2; - 2)
M 3 CM GM = C = (-2; 10) hoc C = (1; -4)
Bi 117.Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(1; -2), ng cao : 1 0 CH x y + = , phn gic trong
: 2 5 0 BN x y + + = .Tm to cc nh B,C v tnh din tch tam gic ABC

Hng dn: + Do AB CH nn AB: 1 0 x y + + = .
Gii h:
2 5 0
1 0
x y
x y
+ + =
+ + =
ta c (x; y)=(-4; 3).

Do : ( 4;3) AB BN B = .


+ Ly A i xng A qua BN th ' A BC e .
- Phng trnh ng thng (d) qua A v
Vung gc vi BN l (d): 2 5 0 x y = . Gi ( ) I d BN = . Gii h:
2 5 0
2 5 0
x y
x y
+ + =
. Suy ra: I(-1; 3)

'( 3; 4) A
+ Phng trnh BC: 7 25 0 x y + + = . Gii h:
7 25 0
1 0
x y
x y
+ + =
+ =

Suy ra:
13 9
( ; )
4 4
C .
+
2 2
450
( 4 13/ 4) (3 9 / 4)
4
BC = + + + = ,
2 2
7.1 1( 2) 25
( ; ) 3 2
7 1
d A BC
+ +
= =
+
.
Suy ra:
1 1 450 45
( ; ). .3 2. .
2 2 4 4
ABC
S d A BC BC = = =
Bi 118. Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD
c din tch bng 12, tm I l giao im ca ng thng 0 3 :
1
= y x d v
0 6 :
2
= + y x d . Trung im ca mt cnh l giao im ca d
1
vi trc Ox. Tm to
cc nh ca hnh ch nht.
Hng dn: Ta c: I d d
2 1
= . To ca I l nghim ca h:
=
=
= +
=
2 / 3 y
2 / 9 x
0 6 y x
0 3 y x
. Vy |
.
|
\
|
2
3
;
2
9
I
Do vai tr A, B, C, D nn gi s M l trung im cnh AD Ox d M
1
= ; Suy ra M( 3; 0)
Ta c: 2 3
2
3
2
9
3 2 IM 2 AB
2 2
= |
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
= =
Theo gi thit: 2 2
2 3
12
AB
S
AD 12 AD . AB S
ABCD
ABCD
= = = = =
V I v M cng thuc ng thng d
1
AD d
1

ng thng AD i qua M ( 3; 0) v vung gc vi d
1
nhn ) 1 ; 1 ( n lm VTPT nn c PT:
0 3 y x 0 ) 0 y ( 1 ) 3 x ( 1 = + = + . Li c: 2 MD MA = =
To A, D l nghim ca h PT:
( )
= +
= +
2 y 3 x
0 3 y x
2
2

( ) ( )

=
=
= +
+ =
= +
+ =
1 3 x
x 3 y
2 ) x 3 ( 3 x
3 x y
2 y 3 x
3 x y
2
2
2
2

=
=
1 y
2 x
hoc
=
=
1 y
4 x
. Vy A( 2; 1), D( 4; -1)
Do |
.
|
\
|
2
3
;
2
9
I l trung im ca AC suy ra:
= = =
= = =
2 1 3 y y 2 y
7 2 9 x x 2 x
A I C
A I C

Tng t I cng l trung im ca BD nn ta c B( 5; 4)
Vy to cc nh ca hnh ch nht l: (2; 1), (5; 4), (7; 2), (4; -1)
Bi 119. Tam gic cn ABC c y BC nm trn ng thng : 2x 5y + 1 = 0, cnh bn AB nm trn
ng thng : 12x y 23 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng AC bit rng n i qua im (3;1)
Hng dn: ng thng AC i qua im (3 ; 1) nn c phng trnh :


a(x 3) + b( y 1) = 0 (a
2
+ b
2
= 0) . Gc ca n to vi BC bng gc ca AB to vi BC nn :

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2a 5b 2.12 5.1
2 5 . a b 2 5 . 12 1
+
=
+ + + +

2 2
2a 5b
29
5
a b
=
+
( ) ( )
2
2 2
5 2a 5b 29 a b = +
9a
2
+ 100ab 96b
2
= 0
a 12b
8
a b
9
=
Nghim a = -12b cho ta ng thng song song vi AB ( v

im ( 3 ; 1) khng thuc AB) nn khng phi l cnh tam gic .Vy cn li : 9a = 8b hay a = 8 v b = 9

Phng trnh cn tm l : 8x + 9y 33 = 0
Bi 120. Trong h to Oxy cho ng thng 0 2 2 : = y x d v im ) 1 ; 1 ( I . Lp phng trnh cc
ng thng cch im I mt khong bng 10 v to vi ng thng d mt gc bng
0
45 .
Hng dn: Gi ) , ( b a n l vect php tuyn ) 0 (
2 2
= +b a ,
v ng thng to vi ng thng d mt gc bng
0
45 nn
2
1
5 .
2
2 2
=
+
b a
b a
=
=
a b
b a
3
3

Vi b a 3 = , phng trnh ng thng c dng ) ( 0 3 A = + + c y x
10 ) ; ( = A I d 10
10
4
=
+
=
=
14
6
c
c
Vi a b 3 = , phng trnh ng thng c dng
) ( 0 3 A = + c y x
10 ) ; ( = A I d 10
10
2
=
+
=
=
12
8
c
c

Vy c bn ng thng cn tm l: ; 0 6 3 = + + y x 0 14 3 = + y x ; ; 0 8 3 = y x 0 12 3 = + y x .
Bi 121.Trong h to Oxy cho hai ng thng 0 3 2 : = + y x d v 0 5 3 : = + A y x . Lp phng
trnh ng trn c bn knh bng
5
10 2
, c tm thuc d v tip xc vi A.
Hng dn: Tm ng trn thuc d nn c dng ) ; 3 2 ( a a I + ng trn tip xc vi A nn
R I d = A) , (
5
10 2
10
2
=
a
2 ; 6 = = a a
Vi 6 = a ta c ) 6 ; 9 ( I suy ra phng trnh ng trn:
5
8
) 6 ( ) 9 (
2 2
= + + y x
vi 2 = a ta c ) 2 ; 7 ( I ,suy ra phng trnh ng trn:
5
8
) 2 ( ) 7 (
2 2
= + + y x
Vy c hai ng trn tho mn l:
5
8
) 6 ( ) 9 (
2 2
= + + y x v
5
8
) 2 ( ) 7 (
2 2
= + + y x .
Bi 122.Trong h to Oxy cho ng thng 0 3 2 : = + y x d v hai im ) 1 ; 2 ( ; ) 2 ; 1 ( B A . Tm to
im C thuc ng thng d sao cho din tch tam gic ABC bng 2.
Hng dn: 10 = AB , c to dng ) ; 3 2 ( a a C + phng trnh ng thng 0 5 3 : = + y x AB
2 =
AABC
S 2 ) , ( .
2
1
= AB C d AB 2
10
2
. 10
2
1
=
a
2 ; 6 = = a a
Vi 6 = a ta c ) 6 ; 9 ( C ; vi 2 = a ta c ) 2 ; 7 ( C
Bi 122. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho ng thng : 2 3 0 x y D + - = v hai im A(1; 0), B(3; -4).
Hy tm trn ng thng D mt im M sao cho 3 MA MB +
uuur uuur
nh nht.
Hng dn: Gi I,J ln lt l trung im ca AB v IB


Ta c : 3 ( ) 2 2 2 4 MA MB MA MB MB MI MB MJ + = + + = + =
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur

3 MA MB +
uuur uuur
nh nht khi J l hnh chiu ca M trn A ==> M(
19 2
;
5 5
-
)
Bi 123.Trong mp vi h trc to Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c cnh bng 5 n v, bit to nh
A(1;5), hai nh B; D thuc ng thng (d): x 2y + 4 = 0. Tm to cc nh cn li
Hng dn: C i xng vi A qua (d) ==> C(3;1)
, ( )
5
B D d
AB CD

= =
==> B(-2;1); D(6;5)

Bi 124. Cho im P(3;0) v hai ng thng (d):2x y 2 = 0 v (d): x + y + 3 = 0. Gi (A) l
ng thng qua P ct (d) v (d) ln lt tai M v N. Vit ng thng (A) bit MP = NP.
Hng dn: P l trung im ca MN: M
11 16
;
3 3

v N
7 16
;
3 3

-

==> (A): 8x y 24 = 0
Bi 125. Trong mat phang vi he toa o ecac vuong goc Oxy, xet tam giac ABC
vuong tai A, phng trnh ng thang BC la 3 3 0 x y - - = , cac nh A va B thuoc
truc hoanh va an knh ng tron noi tiep bang 2. Tm toa o trong tam G cua tam
giac ABC.
Hng dn: I l tm ng trn ngoi tip AABC ==> y
I
= 2
BI: y = tan30
0
(x 1) ==> y =
1 1
3 3
x - ==>
1
1 2 3. x =
TH1: Neu A va O khac pha oi vi B
1
1 2 3 x = + . ==> A( 3 2 3 + ;0)
==>
1
7 4 3 6 2 3
;
3 3
G

+ +

TH2:Neu A va O cung pha oi vi B
1
1 2 3. x = - ==> A( 1 2 3 - -
==>
2
4 3 1 6 2 3
;
3 3
G

- - - -

Bi 126.Lp phng trnh cc cnh AABC, nu cho B(- 4;5) v hai ng cao c phng
trnh l:(d
1
): 5x + 3y 4 = 0; (d
2
): 3x + 8y + 13 = 0.
Hng dn: B e (d
1
) v (d
2
). Gi s (d
1
) qua A; (d
2
) qua C.
+ AB: 8x 3y + 17 = 0 ; BC: 3x 5y 13 = 0
A( -1;3); C(1;-2) ==> AC: 5x + 2y 1 = 0
Bi 127. Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy chotam gic ABC, bit A(2; - 1), hai ng
phn gic trong (BB
1
): x 2y + 1 = 0, (CC
1
): x + y + 3 = 0. Lp phng trnh cnh BC.
Hng dn: Gi A
1
v A
2
ln lt l hai im i xng qua (BB
1
) v (CC
1
), th ng
thng BC chnh l ng thng A
1
A
2
==> BC: 4x y + 3 = 0
Bi 128.Trong mt phng Oxy cho cc im
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) A 1;0 , B 2;4 ,C 1;4 , D 3;5 v ng thng
d : 3x y 5 0 = . Tm im M trn d sao cho hai tam gic MAB, MCD c din tch bng nhau.
Hng dn: Gi s
( ) M x; y d 3x y 5 0. e =


( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
AB
CD MAB MCD
AB 5, CD 17; AB 3; 4 n 4;3 PT AB: 4x 3y 4 0
CD 4;1 n 1; 4 PT CD: x 4y 17 0; S S AB.d M; AB CD.d M;CD
4x 3y 4 x 4y 17
5 17 4x 3y 4 x 4y 17
5 17
3x y 5 0
3x y 5 0 3x 7y 21
4x 3y 4 x 4y 17
= = + =
+ = = =
+ +
= + = +
=
= + =
+ = +
( )
1 2
0
7
M ; 2 , M 9; 32
3 3x y 5 0
5x y 13 0

| |
= \ .
+ =

Bi 129. Trong mt phng vi h to , Oxy cho tam gic ABC c ) 6 ; 4 ( A , phng trnh cc ng
thng cha ng cao v trung tuyn k t nh C ln lt l 0 13 2 = + y x v 0 29 13 6 = + y x . Vit
phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Hng dn:
- Gi -ng cao v trung tuyn k
t C l CH v CM. Khi
CH c ph-ng trnh 0 13 2 = + y x ,
CM c ph-ng trnh . 0 29 13 6 = + y x
- T h ). 1 ; 7 (
0 29 13 6
0 13 2

= +
= +
C
y x
y x

) 2 , 1 ( = =
CH AB
u n CH AB .
- T h ) 5 ; 6 (
0 29 13 6
0 16 2
M
y x
y x
= +
= +
;
(8; 4). B
Gi s ph-ng trnh -ng
trn ngoi tip
. 0 :
2 2
= + + + + A p ny mx y x ABC
V A, B, C thuc -ng trn nn
= +
= + + +
= + + +
0 7 50
0 4 8 80
0 6 4 52
p n m
p n m
p n m
=
=
=
72
6
4
p
n
m
.
Suy ra pt -ng trn:
0 72 6 4
2 2
= + + y x y x hay
. 85 ) 3 ( ) 2 (
2 2
= + + y x

Bi 130. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho tam gic ABC c nh A(3; -4). Phng trnh ng
trung trc cnh BC, ng trung tuyn xut pht t C ln lt l 0 1 = + y x v 0 9 3 = y x . Tm ta
cc nh B , C ca tam gic ABC.
Hng dn: Gi C = (c; 3c - 9) v M l trung im ca BC M(m; 1-m)
Suy ra: B= (2m-c; 11 -2m- 3c). Gi I l trung im ca AB, ta c I(
2
3 2 + c m
;
2
3 2 7 c m
)
V I nm trn ng thng 3x - y - 9 = 0 nn 0 9 )
2
3 2 7
( )
2
3 2
( 3 =

+ c m c m

m = 2 M(2; -1) Ph-ng trnh BC: x y - 3=0
M(6; 5)
A(4; 6)
C(-7; -1)
B(8; 4)
H


Ta ca C l nghim ca h:
=
=
0 3
0 9 3
y x
y x

=
=
0
3
y
x
; Ta ca C =
(3; 0), to B(1; -2)
Bi 131. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho im M (0; 2) v hai ng thng
1
d ,
2
d c phng
trnh ln lt l 0 2 3 = + + y x v 0 4 3 = + y x . Gi A l giao im ca
1
d v
2
d . Vit phng trnh
ng thng i qua M, ct 2 ng thng
1
d v
2
d ln lt ti B , C ( B vC khc A) sao cho
2 2
1 1
AC AB
+

t gi tr nh nht.
Hng dn: To im A(-1; 1) ; Ta thy 2 ng thng d
1
v d
2
vung gc vi nhau
Gi Al ng thng i qua M, ct 2 ng thng
1
d v
2
d ln lt ti B , C ( B vC khc A).
Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn A. Ta c:
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
AM AH AC AB
> = + (khng i)
2 2
1 1
AC AB
+ t gi tr nh nht bng
2
1
AM
khi H M, hay Al ng thng i qua M v vung gc
vi AM. PT ng thng A: x + y - 2 = 0
Bi 132. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho tam gic ABC c tm ng trn ngoi tip (4;0) I ,
ng cao v ng trung tuyn k t A c phng trnh ln lt l 2 0 x y + = v 2 3 0 x y + = .
Tm to cc nh , , . A B C
Hng dn: Ta A l nghim ca h
2 0 1
(1;1)
2 3 0 1
x y x
A
x y y
+ = =

+ = =

.
Gi M l trung im ca BC.
Do I l tm ng trn ngoi tip ABC A
/ / IM BC IM AH (1;1)
IM AH
n n = =
Pt ng thng IM l 1( 4) 1( 0) 0 4 0 x y x y + = + = .
Do M l trung im ca BC nn M thuc trung tuyn k t A
Ta M l nghim ca h
4 0
(5; 1)
2 3 0
x y
M
x y
+ =

+ =
.
(1;1)
BC AH
BC AH n u = = .
Pt BC l 1( 5) 1( 1) 0 6 0 x y x y + = = . Ta c
2 2
(1 4) 1 10 IA= + =
Phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC l
2 2
( 4) 10 x y + = .
Ta BC l nghim ca h
2 2
3 ( 4) 10
3 6 0
x x y
y x y
= + =

= =

hoc
7
1
x
y
=
.
Vy (3; 3) B th (7;1) C , hoc (7;1) B th (3; 3) C
Bi 133. Trong h to -cc vung gc Oxy ca mt phng , hy xc
nh to cc nh ca
tam gic nhn ABC bit chn -ng cao ln l-t h t nh A ,B ,C l
H
1
(4;-1), H
2
(1;5), H
3
(-4;-5)
Hng dn: Nhn thy H
1
A l phn gic trong ca gc H
1
v vy BC l
tia phn gic ngoi do tm ph-ng trnh cc cnh AB ;AC ;BC
ta ch cn tm ph-ng trnh -ng phn gic ngoi ca cc gc H
1
;


H
2
;H
3
ca tam gic H
1
H
2
H
3
thy vy : Ta c ph-ng trnh H
1
H
2
:
2x+y-7=0 ; H
1
H
3
; x-2y-6=0 ; H
2
H
3
: 2x-y+3=0
* Ph-ng trnh phn gic trong v ngoi ca gc H
3
l : x+y+9=0
(1)v x-y-1=0
thay to H
1
v H
2
vo (1) ta suy ra ph-ng trnh AB : x+y+9 =0
* T-ng t :Ph-ng trnh AC: y-5=0 Ph-ng
trnh BC : 3x-y-13=0
* To A l nghim ca h :
=
= + +
0 5
0 9
y
y x
) 5 ; 14 ( A
*To B l nghim ca h :
=
= + +
0 13 3
0 9
y x
y x
) 10 ; 1 ( B
*To C l nghim ca h :
=
=
0 5
0 13 3
y
y x
) 5 ; 6 ( C
Bi 134. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho tam gic ABC c nh A(3; -4). Phng trnh ng trung trc
cnh BC, ng trung tuyn xut pht t C ln lt l 0 1 = + y x v 0 9 3 = y x . Tm ta cc nh B ,
C ca tam gic ABC.

Hng dn: Gi C = (c; 3c - 9) v M l trung im ca BC M(m; 1-m)
Suy ra: B= (2m-c; 11 -2m- 3c).
Gi I l trung im ca AB, ta c I(
2
3 2 + c m
;
2
3 2 7 c m
)
V I nm trn ng thng 3x - y - 9 = 0 nn 0 9 )
2
3 2 7
( )
2
3 2
( 3 =

+ c m c m
m
= 2 M(2; -1)
Ph-ng trnh BC: x y - 3=0;Ta ca C l nghim ca h:
=
=
0 3
0 9 3
y x
y x

=
=
0
3
y
x

Ta ca C = (3; 0), to B(1; -2)
Bi 135. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho im M (0; 2) v hai ng thng
1
d ,
2
d c phng trnh ln
lt l 0 2 3 = + + y x v 0 4 3 = + y x . Gi A l giao im ca
1
d v
2
d . Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua
M, ct 2 ng thng
1
d v
2
d ln lt ti B , C ( B v C khc A) sao cho
2 2
1 1
AC AB
+ t gi tr nh nht.
Hng dn: To im A(-1; 1)Ta thy 2 ng thng d
1
v d
2
vung gc vi nhau
Gi Al ng thng i qua M, ct 2 ng thng
1
d v
2
d ln lt ti B , C ( B v C khc A).
Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn A. Ta c:
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
AM AH AC AB
> = + (khng i)
2 2
1 1
AC AB
+ t gi tr nh nht bng
2
1
AM
khi H M,
hay Al ng thng i qua M v vung gc vi AM. ; PT ng thng A: x + y - 2 = 0


Bi 136. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c phng trnh ng thng AB, BD ln
lt l: 2 1 0 x y + = v 7 14 0 x y + = , ng thng AC i qua M(2; 1). Tm to cc nh ca hnh
ch nht.
Hng dn: Do B l giao ca AB v BD nn to ca B l nghim ca h:
21
2 1 0
21 13
5
;
7 14 0 13 5 5
5
x
x y
B
x y
y
+ = | |

|
+ =
\ .
T gic ABCD l hnh ch nht nn gc gia AC v AB bng

gc gia AB v BD, k hiu (1; 2); (1; 7); ( ; )
AB BD AC
n n n a b (vi a
2
+ b
2
> 0) ln lt l VTPT ca cc
ng thng AB, BD, AC. Khi ta c:
( ) ( )
os , os ,
AB BD AC AB
c n n c n n =
2 2 2 2
3
2 7 8 0
2
7
a b
a b a b a ab b
b
a
=
= + + + =

=

Vi a = - b. Chn a = 1 b = - 1. Khi Phng trnh AC: x y 1 = 0,
A = AB AC nn to im A l nghim ca h:
1 0 3
(3; 2)
2 1 0 2
x y x
A
x y y
= =

+ = =

Gi I l tm hnh ch nht th I = AC BD nn to I l nghim ca h:
7
1 0
7 5
2
;
7 14 0 5 2 2
2
x
x y
I
x y
y
= | |

|
+ =
\ .

Do I l trung im ca AC v BD nn to ( )
14 12
4; 3 ; ;
5 5
C D
| |
|
\ .

Vi b = - 7a (loi v AC khng ct BD)
Bi 137. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c phng trnh 2 cnh AB, AC ln
lt l: 2 2 0 x y + = v 2 1 0 x y + + = . im (1; 2) M thuc on BC. Tm ta im D thuc BC sao
cho . DB DC c gi tr nh nht.
Hng dn: Ta im A l nghim ca h:
2 2 0
4 5
( ; )
2 1 0 3 3
x y
A
x y
+ =

+ + =
A(1;1)
Phng trnh BC c dng:
2 2
( 1) ( 2) 0, 0 a x b y a b + = + >
VTPT AB, AC, BC ln lt l:
1 2 3
(1;2), (2;1), ( ; ) n n n a b ;Tam gic ABC cn ti A nn:
1 3 2 3
2 2 2 2
2 2
cos cos os( , ) os( , )
. 5 . 5
= + +
= = =

=
+ +
a b a b a b
B C c n n c n n
a b
a b a b

Vi a=b, chn a=b=1 BC: - 3 0 PT x y + = (4; 1); ( 4;7) B C . Tha mn M thuc on BC.
Gi trung im ca BC l (0;3) I .
Ta c:
2 2
2
. ( ).( )
4 4
BC BC
DB DC DI IB DI IC DI = + + = >


Du bng xy ra khi D I . Vy D(0;3) Vi a=-b, chn b=-1 1 a = BC: 1 0 PT x y + =
2 1
(0;1); ( ; )
3 3
B C

. Khng tha mn M thuc on BC.
Bi 138. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC bit
( ) 1;1 C , trc tm
( ) 1;3 H , trung im ca
cnh AB l im
( ) 5;5 I . Xc nh to cc nh A, B ca tam gic ABC.
Hng dn: Phng trnh AB: 10 0 x y + = . Do A AB e nn ( ;10 ) A b b .T I l trung im AB, tm
c (10 ; ) B b b . (1 ; 7); (11 ; 1). AH b b CB b b = = Ta c . 0 AH CB AH CB = .

( )( ) ( )( ) 1 11 7 1 0 1; 9 b b b b b b + = = =
Khi 1 b = ( ) ( ) 1;9 ; 9;1 A B . Khi
( ) ( ) 9 9;1 , 1;9 b A B =
Bi 139. Cho A ABC c B(1;2), phn gic trong gc A c phng trnh (A ) 2x +y 1 =0; khong cch t C
n (A ) bng 2 ln khong cch t B n (A). Tm A, C bit C thuc trc tung.
Hng dn: Gi H, I ln lt l hnh chiu ca B, C ln (A).
M l i xng ca B qua A M e AC v M l trung im ca AC.
(BH): x 2y + 3 =0 H
( )
7 1
;
5 5
M
( )
7 4
;
5 5
; BH =
3 5
5
CI =
6 5
5
; Ce Oy C(0; y
0
)
0
7
5
o
y
y
=

C(0; 7) A
( )
27 14
;
5 5

e(A)loi ; (0; 5) A
( )
33 14
;
5 5
e(A) nhn.
Bi 140.ho A ABC c din tch bng 3/2; A(2;3), B(3;2), trng tm G e (d) 3x y 8 =0. tm bn kinh ng
trn ni tip A ABC.
Hng dn: Cho A ABC c din tch bng 3/2; A(2;3), B(3;2), trng tm G e (d) 3x y 8 =0. tm bn kinh
ng trn ni tip A ABC.
C(a; b) , (AB): x y 5 =0 d(C; AB) =
5 2
2
ABC
a b S
AB
A

=
8(1)
5 3
2(2)
a b
a b
a b
=
=

=

Trng tm G
( )
5 5
;
3 3
a b +
e (d) 3a b =4 (3); (1), (3) C(2; 10) r =
3
2 65 89
S
p
=
+ +

(2), (3) C(1; 1)
3
2 2 5
S
r
p
= =
+

Bi 141. Trong mt phng vi h to , Oxy cho tam gic ABC c ) 6 ; 4 ( A , phng trnh cc ng thng cha
ng cao v trung tuyn k t nh C ln lt l 0 13 2 = + y x v 0 29 13 6 = + y x . Vit phng trnh
ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Hng dn:
- Gi -ng cao v trung tuyn k t C l CH v CM. Khi
CH c ph-ng trnh 0 13 2 = + y x ,
CM c ph-ng trnh . 0 29 13 6 = + y x - T h
). 1 ; 7 (
0 29 13 6
0 13 2

= +
= +
C
y x
y x

- ) 2 , 1 ( = =
CH AB
u n CH AB
0 16 2 : = + y x AB pt .
- T h ) 5 ; 6 (
0 29 13 6
0 16 2
M
y x
y x
= +
= +

). 4 ; 8 ( B
M(6; 5)
A(4; 6)
C(-7; -1)
B(8; 4)
H


- Gi s ph-ng trnh -ng trn ngoi tip . 0 :
2 2
= + + + + A p ny mx y x ABC
V A, B, C thuc -ng trn nn
= +
= + + +
= + + +
0 7 50
0 4 8 80
0 6 4 52
p n m
p n m
p n m
=
=
=
72
6
4
p
n
m
.
Suy ra pt -ng trn: 0 72 6 4
2 2
= + + y x y x hay . 85 ) 3 ( ) 2 (
2 2
= + + y x
Bi 142. Cho AABC c PT hai cnh l: 0. 21 - 7y 4x = + = + , 0 6 2 5 y x Trc tm ca tam
gic trng vi gc to O, lp ph-ng trnh cnh cn li.
Hng dn: Ta gi s tam gic ABC c cnh AB :
0 6 2 5 = + y x
AC: 0 21 - 7y 4x = + , suy ra ta ca A l
nghim ca h ph-ng trnh:
= +
=
21 7 4
6 2 5
y x
y x
, gii h suy ra A(0; 3)
Nhn thy A thuc Oy, OA l -ng
cao ca tam gic, Ox BC BC OA //
suy ra ph-ng trnh ca BC c dng y = y
0
.
ng cao BB i qua trc tm O v vung gc vi
AC suy ra BB c phng trnh l: 7(x 0) - 4(y
0) = 0 hay BB: 7x 4y = 0.
im B = AC BB' ta ca B l nghim ca h ph-ng trnh:
=
=
=
=
7
4
6 2 5
0 4 7
y
x
y x
y x

-ng thng i qua B(- 4; - 7) v song song vi Ox chnh l -ng thng BC suy
ra ph-ng trnh cnh BC: y = - 7.
Vy ph-ng trnh cnh cn li ca tam gic ABC l y = -7.
Bi 143. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho A(4;3), ng thng (d) : x y 2 = 0 v (d): x + y 4 = 0
ct nhau ti M. Tm ( ) ( ') B d v C d e e sao cho A l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic MBC.
Hng dn:
Tm ta M l giao ca d v d.
Tm ta H,K l hnh chiu ca A trn d v d
T tm c B thuc d v C thuc d l cc
im i xng ca M qua H,K

Bi 144. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung A. Bit ( ) ( ) 1; 4 , 1; 4 A B v ng
thng BC i qua im
1
2;
2
M
| |
|
\ .
. Hy tm to nh C .
Hng dn: Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung A. Bit ( ) ( ) 1;4 , 1; 4 A B v
ng thng BC i qua im
1
2;
2
M
| |
|
\ .
. Hy tm to nh C .
t BC i qua
( ) 1; 4 B v
1
2;
2
M
| |
|
\ .
nn c pt:
1 4
9
1
2
x y +
= 9 2 17 0 x y =
A
B
C
O(0; 0)
A
B
A
K
H
C
B
A(4;3)
d'
d
M


9 17
; ,
2
t
C BC C t t
| |
e e
|
\ .
( )
9 25
2; 8 ; 1;
2
t
AB AC t
| |
= = +
|
\ .
. V tam gic ABC vung ti A nn
. 0 AB AC = Suy ra
9 25
1 4. 0 3.
2
t
t t
+ = = Vy
( ) 3;5 C
Bi 142. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn (C) tm I(-1; 1), bn knh R=1, M l mt im trn
( ) : 2 0 d x y + = . Hai tip tuyn qua M to vi (d) mt gc 45
0
tip xc vi (C) ti A, B. Vit phng trnh ng
thng AB.
Hng dn: D thy ( ) I d e . Hai tip tuyn hp vi (d) mt gc 45
0
suy ra tam gic MAB vung cn v tam gic
IAM cng vung cn . Suy ra: 2 IM = .
( ) ( M d M e a; a+2), ( 1; 1) IM a a = + + ,
0
2 2 1 2
2
a
IM a
a
=
= + =

=
.
Suy ra c 2 im tha mn: M
1
(0; 2) v M
2
(-2; 0).
+ ng trn tm M
1
bn kinh R
1
=1 l (C
1
):
2 2
4 3 0 x y y + + = .Khi AB i qua giao im ca (C ) v (C
1
) nn
AB:
2 2 2 2
4 3 2 2 1 1 0 x y y x y x y x y + + = + + + + = .
+ ng trn tm M
2
bn kinh R
2
=1 l (C
2
):
2 2
4 3 0 x y x + + + = .Khi AB i qua giao im ca (C ) v (C
2
) nn
AB:
2 2 2 2
4 3 2 2 1 1 0 x y x x y x y x y + + + = + + + + + = .
+ KL: Vy c hai ng thng tha mn: 1 0 x y + = v 1 0 x y + + =
Bi 143. Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy cho hai ng thng
(d
1
): x + y + 1 = 0, (d
2
): 2x y 1 = 0 . Lp phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua M(1;-1) ct (d
1
) v (d
2
) tng ng
ti A v B sao cho 2 0 MA MB + =

Hng dn: ng thng (d) i qua M(1;-1) ct (d
1
) v (d
2
) tng ng ti A v B sao cho 2 0 MA MB + =
A(a;-a-1), B(b;2b 1); T iu kin 2 0 MA MB + = tm c A(1; - 2), B(1;1) suy ra (d): x 1 = 0

Bi 144. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn (C) tm I(-1; 1), bn knh R=1, M l mt im trn
( ) : 2 0 d x y + = . Hai tip tuyn qua M to vi (d) mt gc 45
0
tip xc vi (C) ti A, B. Vit phng trnh ng
thng AB.
Hng dn: D thy ( ) I d e . Hai tip tuyn hp vi (d) mt gc 45
0
suy ra tam gic MAB vung cn v tam gic
IAM cng vung cn . Suy ra: 2 IM = .
( ) ( M d M e a; a+2), ( 1; 1) IM a a = + + ,
0
2 2 1 2
2
a
IM a
a
=
= + =

=
.
Suy ra c 2 im tha mn: M
1
(0; 2) v M
2
(-2; 0).
+ ng trn tm M
1
bn kinh R
1
=1 l (C
1
):
2 2
4 3 0 x y y + + = .Khi AB i qua giao im ca (C ) v (C
1
)
nn AB:
2 2 2 2
4 3 2 2 1 1 0 x y y x y x y x y + + = + + + + = .
+ ng trn tm M
2
bn kinh R
2
=1 l (C
2
):
2 2
4 3 0 x y x + + + = .Khi AB i qua giao im ca (C ) v (C
2
)
nn AB:
2 2 2 2
4 3 2 2 1 1 0 x y x x y x y x y + + + = + + + + + = .
+ KL: Vy c hai ng thng tha mn: 1 0 x y + = v 1 0 x y + + = .
Bi 145.Trong mat phang vi he toa o Oxy cho hnh ch nhat ABCD co iem I (6, 2) la
giao iem cua 2 ng cheo AC va BD. iem M (1; 5) thuoc ng thang AB va trung iem
E cua canh CD thuoc ng thang A : x + y 5 = 0. Viet phng trnh ng thang AB.


Hng dn: I (6; 2); M (1; 5)
A : x + y 5 = 0, E e A E(m; 5 m); Goi N la trung iem cua AB
I trung iem NE
N I E
N I E
x 2x x 12 m
y 2y y 4 5 m m 1
= =
= = + =
N (12 m; m 1)
MN = (11 m; m 6); IE = (m 6; 5 m 2) = (m 6; 3 m)
MN.IE 0 = (11 m)(m 6) + (m 6)(3 m) = 0
m 6 = 0 hay 14 2m = 0 m = 6 hay m = 7
+ m = 6 MN = (5; 0) pt AB la y = 5
+ m = 7 MN = (4; 1) pt AB la x 1 4(y 5) = 0 x 4y + 19 = 0
Bi 146. Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy cho A(4; 3), ng thng (d):x y 2 = 0
v (d): x + y 4 = 0 ct nhau ti M. Tm Be(d); Ce(d) sao cho A l tm ng trn
ngoi tip tam gic MBC.
Hng dn: M(3;1), Ly B(a; 2 a)e (d) C(b;4 b) e(d); V (d) (d)
==> A l trung im BC : B(6;4), C(2;2)
Bi 147. Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy cho A(4; 3), ng thng (d):x y = 0
v (d): x + 2y 3 = 0 ct nhau ti M. Tm Be(d); Ce(d) sao cho M l trc tm ca
tam gic BAC.
Hng dn:
M(1;1): . 0 . 0 MA BC va MB AC = =
uuur uuur uuur uuur
th B(1;1) v C(5/3;2/3) hoc B(5;5) v C(11;- 4)
Bi 148. ChoDABC c nh A(1;2), ng trung tuyn BM: 2 1 0 x y + + = v phn trong CD:
1 0 x y + - = . Vit phng trnh ng thng BC.
Hng dn: ( ) : 1 0 ;1 C CD x y C t t + - = - ;
1 3
;
2 2
t t
M
+ -

M e BM t = - 7 ==> C( -7;8)
K l im i xng ca A qua CD; K(- 1;0)
BC KC: 4x + 3y + 4 = 0
Bi 149. Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c din tch bng 4. Bit A(1;0), B(0;2) v giao im I ca
hai ng cho nm trn ng thng y = x. Tm ta nh C v D.
Hng dn: ) I(t;t) ; C(2t 1;2t); D(2t;2t 2)
D
. 4
ABC
S AB CH = =
4
5
CH =
( )
( ) ( )
4 5 8 8 2
; , ;
| 6 4 | 4
3 3 3 3 3
;
5 5
0 1; 0 , 0; 2
t C D
t
d C AB CH
t C D

=
-

= =

= - -

Bi 150. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho tam gic ABC bit A(5; 2). Phng trnh ng trung trc cnh
BC, ng trung tuyn CC ln lt l x + y 6 = 0 v 2x y + 3 = 0. Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC.

Hng dn: Gi C = (c; 2c+3) v I = (m; 6-m) l trung im ca BC
H
I
D
C
B
A


Suy ra: B= (2m-c; 9-2m-2c). V C l trung im ca AB nn:
2 5 11 2 2
' ; '
2 2
m c m c
C CC
- + - -

=

nn
2 5 11 2 2 5
2( ) 3 0
2 2 6
m c m c
m
- + - -
- + = = -
5 41
( ; )
6 6
I = - . Ph-ng trnh BC: 3x 3y + 23=0
Ta ca C l nghim ca h:
2 3 0
14 37
;
3 3 23 0
3 3
x y
C
x y
- + =

=

- + =

Ta ca B =
19 4
;
3 3

-

Bi 151.Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hai ng thngD : 3 8 0 x y + + = , ' :3 4 10 0 x y D - + = v
im A(-2 ; 1). Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc ng thng D , i qua im A v tip xc vi ng
thng D.
Hng dn: Tm I ca ng trn thuc D nn I(-3t 8; t); Theo yc th k/c t I n D bng k/c IA nn ta c

2 2
2 2
3( 3 8) 4 10
( 3 8 2) ( 1)
3 4
t t
t t
- - - +
= - - + + -
+
; Gii tip c t = -3 th I(1;-3) v IA=5 ..
Cc bi tp luyn tp ( 65 bi)
Bi 152. Cho A(1 ; 4) vhaingthng b : x + y 3 = 0 ; c : x + y 9 = 0. Tmim B trnb ,im C trn
c saocho tam gic ABC vungcnti A.
Bi 153. Cho A(1 ; 4) vhaingthng b : x + y 3 = 0 ; c : x + y 9 = 0. Tmim B trnb ,im C trn
c saocho tam gic ABC vungcnti A.
Bi 154.. Cho tam gic ABC cnh A (0;1), ngtrungtuyn qua B vngphngictrongcagc C
lnltcphngtrnh : (d1): x 2y + 4 = 0 v (d2): x + 2y + 2 = 0.VitphngtrnhngthngBC .
Bi 155. TrongmtphngvihtrctoOxy,chohnhchnht ABCD cphngtrnhngthng (AB): x
y + 1 = 0 vphngtrnhngthng (BD): 2 x + y 1 = 0; ngthng (AC) i qua M( -1; 1).
Tmtoccnhcahnhchnht ABCD.
Bi 156.Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c tm I(2;1) v AC = 2BD. im M
1
(0; )
3
thuc ng thng AB, im N(0;7) thuc ng thng CD. Tm ta nh B bit B c honh
dng.
Bi 157.Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch bng 12, tm I l giao im
ca ng thng : 3 0 d x y = v ' : 6 0 d x y + = . Trung im mt cnh l giao im ca d vi trc Ox. Tm
ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht.
Bi 158.Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c phng trnh cnh AB v ng
cho BD ln lt l 2 1 0 x y + = v 7 14 0 x y + = , ng thng AC i qua im
( ) 2;1 M . Tm ta cc nh
ca hnh ch nht.
Bi 159. Trong mt phng ta (Oxy). Vit phng trnh ng cao AH ca tam gic ABC bit phng trnh cc
ng thng cha cc cnh AB, AC ca tam gic ABC ln lt l: 2x y + 1 = 0; 3x + 4y + 7 = 0, v trung im ca
cnh BC l M(-2; 1).
Bi 160. Trong mt phng ta (Oxy). Vit phng trnh ng cao AH ca tam gic ABC bit phng trnh cc
ng thng cha cc cnh AB, AC ca tam gic ABC ln lt l: 2x y + 1 = 0; 3x + 4y + 7 = 0, v trung im ca
cnh BC l M(-2; 1).
Bi 161. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho im M(3; 0), ng thng d
1
: 2x y 2 = 0, ng thng d
2
: x + y
+ 3 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua im M v ct ng thng d
1
v

ng thng d
2
ln lt ti A v B
sao cho MA = 2MB.


Bi 162. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho tam gic ABC c din tch 96
ABC
S
A
= ; (2; 0) M l trung
im ca AB, ng phn gic trong gc A c phng trnh ( ) : 10 0 d x y = , ng thng AB to vi ng
thng ( ) d mt gc tho mn
3
cos
5
= . Xc nh to cc nh ca tam gic ABC.
Bi 163. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho hnh thang ABCD c hai y l AB v CD. Tm ta im D bit rng
A(2;1), B(3; 5), C(1; 1) v din tch hnh thang bng
33
2
.
Bi 164. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho A ABC bit nh C(1;3), trng tm G(4;2), ng trung trc
ca cnh BC c phng trnh: 3x + 2y 4 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip AABC.
Bi 165. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho im B(1; 3), phng trnh trung tuyn k t A: y = 1 v phng trnh
ng cao k t A: x 2y + 3 = 0. Vit phng trnh AC
Bi 166. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho bn im A(1; 0), B(2; 4), C(1; 4), D(3; 5). Tm to im M
thuc ng thng ( A): 3 5 0 x y = sao cho hai tam gic MAB, MCD c din tch bng nhau.
Bi 167. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trng tm G(3;1) v hai ng cao k t A v
B ln lt c phng trnh 2x + 3y 8 = 0 v x 2y 8 = 0. Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC.
Bi 168. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c im C(1;1), phng trnh ng thng AB: 2x + y +
3 = 0, din tch tam gic ABC bng 3 v trng tm ca tam gic ABC thuc ng thng x + y + 2 = 0. Tm ta
cc im A v B.
Bi 169. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho im M(4;2) v hai ng thng (d
1
): 3x 2y + 1 = 0, (d
2
): x + 2y = 0.
Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) i qua im M, tm nm trn ng thng (d
1
) v ct ng thng (d
2
) ti hai im
A, B sao cho AB = 4.
Bi 170. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x
2
+ y
2
+ 4x + 6y +5 = 0 v hai ng thng A
1
:
2x y 6 = 0, A
2
: x + y = 0. Tm im A thuc A
1
v im B thuc (C) sao cho A v B i vi xng nhau qua A
2
.
Bi 171. (CT -KA-11) Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng thng : x+ y + 2 = 0 v ng trn (C): x
2
+ y
2

4x 2y = 0. Gi I l tm ca (C), M l im thuc . Qua M k cc ng tip tuyn MA, MB n (C) ( A, B l cc
tip im). Tm ta im M, bit t gic MAIB c din tch bng 10.
Bi 172. (CT -KB-11) Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hai ng thng A : x y 4 = 0 v d : 2x y 2 = 0.
Tm ta im N thuc ng thng d sao cho ng thng ON ct ng thng A ti im M tha mn OM.ON =
8.
Bi 173. (CT -KB-11) Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh B
1
;1
2
| |
|
\ .
. ng trn ni tip
tam gic ABC tip xc vi cc cnh BC, CA, AB tng ng ti cc im D, E, F. Cho D (3; 1) v ng thng EF
c phng trnh y 3 = 0. Tm ta nh A, bit A c tung dng.
Bi 174. (CT -KD-11) Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh B(-4; 1), trng tm G(1; 1) v
ng thng cha phn gic trong ca gc A c phng trnh x y 1 = 0. Tm ta cc nh A v C.
Bi 175.. (CT -KD-11) Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho im A(1; 0) v ng trn (C) : x
2
+ y
2
2x + 4y 5 =
0. Vit phng trnh ng thng A ct (C) ti im M v N sao cho tam gic AMN vung cn ti A.
Bi 176. (CT -KA-10). Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c nh A(6; 6), ng thng i
qua trung im ca cc cnh AB v AC c phng trnh x + y 4 = 0. Tm ta cc nh B v C, bit im E(1; 3)
nm trn ng cao i qua nh C ca tam gic cho.
Bi 177.(CT -KB-10) Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, c nh C(-4; 1), phn gic
trong gc A c phng trnh x + y 5 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng BC, bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 24
v nh A c honh dng.
Bi 178. (CT -KD-10) Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(3;-7), trc tm l H(3;-1), tm
ng trn ngoi tip l I(-2;0). Xc nh to nh C, bit C c honh dng.
Bi 179. (CT -KD-10) Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho im A(0;2) v A l ng thng i qua O. Gi H l hnh
chiu vung gc ca A trn A. Vit phng trnh ng thng A, bit khong cch t H n trc honh bng AH.


Bi 180. (CT -KA-09) Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c im I(6; 2) l giao im
ca hai ng cho AC v BD. im M(1; 5) thuc ng thng AB v trung im E ca cnh CD thuc ng
thng :x y 5 0 A + = . Vit phng trnh ng thng AB.
Bi 181. (CT -KA-09) Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn
( )
2 2
C : x y 4x 4y 6 0 + + + + = v
ng thng : x my 2m 3 0 A + + = , vi m l tham s thc. Gi I l tm ca ng trn (C). Tm m A ct (C)
ti hai im phn bit A v B sao cho din tch tam gic IAB ln nht.
Bi 182. (CT -KA-09) Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng
( ) P : x 2y 2z 1 0 + = v hai ng
thng
1 2
x 1 y z 9 x 1 y 3 z 1
: ; :
1 1 6 2 1 2
+ + +
A = = A = =
. Xc nh to im M thuc ng thng
1
A sao cho
khong cch t M n ng thng
2
A v khong cch t M n mt phng (P) bng nhau.
Bi 183. (CT -KB-09) Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c nh A(-1;4) v cc
nh B, C thuc ng thng A : x y 4 = 0. Xc nh to cc im B v C , bit din tch tam gic ABC bng
18.
Bi 184..(CT -KD-09) Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c M (2; 0) l trung im ca cnh
AB. ng trung tuyn v ng cao qua nh A ln lt c phng trnh l 7x 2y 3 = 0 v 6x y 4 = 0. Vit
phng trnh ng thng AC.
Bi 185.. ( CT- K B - 08)Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy ,hy xc nh to
nh C ca tam gic ABC bit rng hnh chiu vung gc ca C trn -ng
thng AB l im H(-1;-1),-ng phn gic trong ca gc A co ph-ng trnh x
-y +2 = 0 v -ng cao k t B c ph-ng trnh 4x +3y -1 = 0.
Bi 186.. ( CT- K D - 08) Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy ,cho parabol(P):
y
2
= 16x v im A(1;4) .Hai im phn bit B,C (B v C khc A) di ng trn
(P) sao cho gc BAC =90
0
.Chng minh rng -ng thng BC lun i qua mt im
c nh.
Bi 187. (KA - 07)Trong mt phng vi h to oxy, cho tam gic ABC c
A(0;2) ,
B(-2; -2) v C(4;-2) . gi H l chn -ng cao k t B ; M v N ln l-t l
trung im ca cc cnh AB v BC , vit ph-ng trnh -ng trn i qua cc
im H,M,N.
Bi 188. (KB - 07)Trong mt phng vi h to oxy, cho im A(2;2) v cc
-ng thng :d
1
: x + y - 2 = 0 , d
2
: x + y - 8 = 0.
Tm to cc im B v C ln l-t thuc d
1
v d
2
sao cho tam gic ABC vung
cn ti A.
Bi 189 . (KD - 07)Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho -ng trn (C) :( x -
1 )
2
+ ( y + 2 )
2
= 9 v -ng thng d : 3x - 4y + m = 0;Tm m trn d c duy
nht mt im P m t c th k -c hai tip tuyn PA, PB ti (C) , ( A, B
l cc tip im ) sao cho tam gic PAB u.
Bi 190. (DBKA - 07)Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy ,cho -ng trn (C) : x
2

+y
2
= 1.-ng trn (C') tm I(2;2) ct (C) ti hai im A,B sao cho AB = 2
.Vit ph-ng trnh -ng thng AB.
Bi 191. (DBKA - 07)Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy . Cho tam gic ABC c
trng tm G(-2;0) . Bit ph-ng trnh cc cnh AB ,AC theo th t l 4x+y+14=0
, 2x+5y-2=0 . Tm to cc nh A,B,C
Bi 192. (DBKB - 07)Cho -ng trn (C) : x
2
+ y
2
-8x +6y +21 = 0 v -ng
thng d : x + y -1 = 0.Xc nh to cc nh ca hnh vung ABCD ngoi tip
(C) ,bit A thuc d.


Bi 193.. (DBKD - 07)Trong mt phng to Oxy ,cho im A(2;1) .Ly im B
thuc trc Ox
c honh 0 > x v im C thuc trc tung c tung
0 > y
sao cho tam
gic ABC vung ti A .Tm B,C sao cho din tch tam gic ABC ln nht.
Bi 194. (DBKD - 07)Trong mt phng to Oxy ,cho cc im A(0;1), B(2;-1)
v cc -ng thng
d
1
: (m-1)x +(m-2)y +2 m = 0, d
2
: (2-m)x +(m-1)y +3m-5 = 0.
Chng minh d
1
v d
2
lun ct nhau.Gi
2 1
d d p = .Tm m sao cho PA+PB ln nht .
Bi 195. (KA - 06)Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy , cho cc -ng thng
D
1
: x + y + 3 = 0, d
2
: x - y - 4 = 0, d
3
: x - 2y = 0; Tm to im
M nm trn -ng thng d
3
sao cho khong cch t M n d
1
bng hai ln khong
cch t M n -ng thng d
2
.
Bi 196. (DBKA - 06)Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy ,cho tam gic ABC c nh
A thuc -ng thng d: x - 4y -2 = 0, Cnh BC song song vi d,ph-ng trnh
-ng cao BH : x +y +3 = 0,v trung im ca cnh AC l M(1;1) .Tm to cc
nh A,B,C.
Bi 197. (DBKB - 06) Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy ,cho tam gic ABC cn
ti B,vi A(1;-1) , C(3;5)nh B nm trn -ng thng d: 2x - y = 0.Vit
ph-ng trnh cc -ng thng AB ,BC.
Bi 198. (DBKB - 06) Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy ,cho tam gic ABC c
nh A(2;1) ,-ng cao qua nh B c ph-ng trnh l x - 3y -7 = 0 v -ng
trung tuyn qua nh C c ph-ng trnh l x + y +1 = 0 .Xc nh to cc
nh B v C ca tam gic.
Bi 199. (KA - 05) Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho hai -ng thng
= + =
1 2
d : x y 0 , d : 2x y 1 0. Tm to cc nh hnh vung ABCD bit rng
nh A thuc d
1
,nh C thuc d
2
, v cc nh B,D thuc trc honh .
Bi 200. (DBKB - 05)Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho tam gic cn ABC nh
A,c trng tm G ; ,
4 1
3 3
| |
|
\ .
ph-ng trnh -ng thng BC l x -2y -4 = 0 v ph-ng
trnh -ng thng BG l 7x 4y -8 = 0.Tm to nh A. Bi 201.. (DB-KA-
04)Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho im A(0;2) v -ng thng d: x- 2y
+2 = 0
Tm trn d hai im B,C sao cho tam gic ABC vung B v AB = 2BC.
Bi 202. (CT-KB-04)Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho hai im A(1,1) ,B( 4;-
3) .Tm im C thuc -ng thng x 2y 1 = 0 sao cho khang cch t C n
-ng thng AB bng 6.
Bi 203.. (DB-KB-04)Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho im I(-2;0) v hai
-ng thng d
1
: 2x - y +5 = 0. d
2
: x+ y -3 = 0.Vit ph-ng trnh -ng thng
d i qua I v ct hai -ng thng d
1
, d
2
ln l-t tiA, B sao cho
. . 2 IB IA =
Bi 204. (CT-KD-04) Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho tam gic ABC c cc
nh A(-1;0); B(4;0); C(0;m) vi m = 0. Tm to trng tm G ca tam gic
ABC theo m. Xc nh m tam gic GAB vung ti G.


Bi 205. (DB-KD-04)Trong mt phng to Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung A,Bit
A(-1;4) ,B(1;-4), -ng thng BC i qua K
|
.
|
\
|
2
2
7
; .Tm to nh C.
Bi 206. (DB-KD-04) (DB-KD-04)Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho im A(2;3)
v hai -ng thng :
d
1
: x + y +5 = 0 v d
2
: x + 2y -7 = 0.Tm to cc im B trn d
1
v C
trn d
2
sao cho tam gic ABC c trng tm l G(2;0).
Bi 207. (DB -KA-03)Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho parabol v im I(0;2)
.Tm to hai im M,N thuc (P) sao cho . .IN IM 4 =
Bi 208. (CT -KB-03)Trong mt phng vi h ta cac vung gc Oxy cho tam
gic ABC c
AB = AC, BAC Z = 90
0
. Bit M(1;-1) l trung im cnh BC v G
|
.
|
\
|
0
3
2
; l trng
tm tam gic ABC.
Tm ta cc nh A, B, C.
Bi 209. (DB -KD-03) Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c
nh A(1;0) v hai -ng thng ln l-t cha cc -ng cao v t B v C c
ph-ng trnh t-ng ng l:
x 2y + 1 = 0 v 3x + y 1 = 0. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC.
Bi 210. (CT -KA-02)Trong mt phng to Oxy ,xt tam gic ABC vung ti A
,ph-ng trnh -ng thng BC l : 3 3 0 x y = ,Cc nh A v B thuc trc
honh v bn knh -ng trn ni tip bng 2.Tm to trng tm G ca tam
gic ABC.
Bi 211. (CT -KB-02)Trong mt phnh vi h to cac vung gc 0xy cho hnh
ch nht ABCD c tm I
|
.
|
\
|
0
2
1
; ,ph-ng trnh -ng thng AB l x-2y+2=0 v
AB=2AD. Tm to ca cc nh A,B, C,D, bit rng nh A c honh m
Bi 212.Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, c nh C(-4; 1), phn gic trong gc A c
phng trnh x + y 5 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng BC, bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 24 v nh A c
honh dng.
Bi 213.Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(3;-7), trc tm l H(3;-1), tm ng trn
ngoi tip l I(-2;0). Xc nh to nh C, bit C c honh dng.
Bi 214. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho im A(0;2) v A l ng thng i qua O. Gi H l hnh chiu vung
gc ca A trn A. Vit phng trnh ng thng A, bit khong cch t H n trc honh bng AH.
Bi 215. Trong h to vung gc Oxy cho cc im A(-2,0) ,B(2,0) v M(x.y).
1.Xc nh to ca M ,bit rng M nm pha trn trc honh ,s o gc Z
AMB = 90
0
,s o gc ZMAB = 30
0
.
2.Khi M chuyn ng trn mt phng to sao cho tam gic AMB c s o gc Z
MBA gp 2 ln s o gc ZMAB,Chng minh rng M chy trn mt nhnh ca -ng
Hypecbol .Xc nh to tiu im ca nhnh Hypecbol .
Bi 216. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy,cho tam gic ABC vung A.Bit A(-
1;1), B(1;-4) ,-ng thng BC i qua im K
7
; 2
3
| |
|
\ .
.Tm to im C.


Bi 217. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho tam gic cn ABC nh A,c trng
tm G ; ,
4 1
3 3
| |
|
\ .
ph-ng trnh -ng thng BC l x -2y -4 = 0 v ph-ng trnh -ng
thng BG l 7x 4y -8 = 0.Tm to nh A.
Bi 218.Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho tam gic ABC c cc nh A(-1;0);
B(4;0); C(0;m) vi m = 0. Tm to trng tm G ca tam gic ABC theo m. Xc
nh m tam gic GAB vung ti G.
..

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Tp cc bi Ton v ng thng trong cc thi www.nguoithay.

.Suy ra phng trnh

, C thuc d' cho nn C:

. Thay cc gi tr t vo (*) v (1) ta tm c ta tm I v bn knh R

. Vy c 2 ng thng : d: x-2=0 v d': 2x-3y+5=0

. Gi I l giao ca (AC) v (BD) th ta

. Theo tnh cht trng tm ca

. C thuc (CN) cho

. Hay B(5; 3), C(1; 2) ; Mt vect ch phng ca cnh BC l ( 4; 1) u BC = = .

ta c (x; y)=(-4; 3).

. Suy ra: I(-1; 3)

Nghim a = -12b cho ta ng thng song song vi AB ( v

==> B(-2;1); D(6;5)

T gic ABCD l hnh ch nht nn gc gia AC v AB bng

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