Bai Tap Dai So 2011

B mn Ton - H M a cht
Bi tp i s
Chng 1. S PHC V A THC 1.1. S PHC 1. a v dng lng gic cc s phc a) b) c) 2. Tm phn thc, phn o, cn bc 3, bc 4 ca cc s phc a) b) . 3. Tm cn bc 2 ca cc s phc a) b) c) d) . 4. Biu din hnh hc cc s phc tha mn a) | | | b) | | c) | | d) | e) f) (1/ ) 5. Gii phng trnh nghim phc a) ( ) b) c) d) e) | | f) g) h) i) k) l) m)
Bi tp i s
n) . 6. Cho . Tnh 7. Cho l cc nghim ca phng trnh 8. Chng minh rng nu th 9. Chng minh rng ( 10. Biu din a) b) theo 1. Chia a thc a) b) 2. Tm cho chia ht cho cho cho . cho . . . theo . 1.2. A THC *
. , tnh . .
3. Tm d ca php chia 4. Tm d ca php chia 5. Tm d trong php chia
cho 6. Tm a) b) 7. Tm 8. Tm sao cho sao cho th c d l chia ht cho chia ht cho .
l bnh phng ca mt a thc. chia ht cho . chia ht cho . v khi chia cho
9. Tm
Bi tp i s
10*. Cho a thc h s nguyn tha mn ) chia ht cho 5 v ht cho 2, chng minh rng chia ht cho 10. 11*. Cho a thc h s nguyn, chng minh rng khng tn ti . 12. Tm khai trin Abel ca a thc . 13. Vit a thc : khai trin Taylor thnh tng cc ly tha ca ti . theo cc im
) chia
sao cho
(Gi
14. Tm Parabol i qua cc im theo 2 cch (da vo khai trin Abel, v da vo cng thc ni suy Lagrange). 15. Tm a thc bc ba tha mn
16. Gi s Hy tm 17. Gi s ca
l cc nghim ca . l cc nghim ca .
. Hy tnh gi tr
18. Phn tch thnh nhn t cc a thc a) b) 19. Chng minh rng nu ca . 20*. Gi s a thc a) b) c t nht l nghim bi ca th l nghim bi .
c n nghim thc nghim thc. c t nht
chng minh rng
nghim thc.
Bi tp i s
Chng 2. MA TRN H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH
2.1. CC PHP TON MA TRN 1. Cho cc ma trn ( a) Tnh b) Cho c) Tnh v . , ) . , tnh . ( + ( ).
2. Thc hin cc php tnh a) ( 3. Cho 4. Cho ( | ) ( ) b) ( ). Tm ( | ) . Hy tnh (Gi : p dng phn b). ) c) ( ) b) ( (Gi : p dng bi 2.b) *
5. Chng minh rng tch cc ma trn cho l ma trn cho, tch cc ma trn tam gic trn l ma trn tam gic trn, tch cc ma trn tam gic di l ma trn tam gic di. 2.2. NH THC MA TRN 1. Tnh cc nh thc sau | | | | | |
Bi tp i s
2. Khng tnh nh thc, hy chng minh rng | | | |
3. Cho
) v
). t
Hy tnh
v (
. ). Hy tnh
4. Cho ma trn
5. Cho ma trn
).
Tm
. ( tha mn | | tha mn | | ). Tnh . Tnh | . Tnh | | v | | |
6. Cho ma trn
. |. | v | |.
7. Cho ma trn 8. Cho ma trn
Bi tp i s
9. Tm |
tha mn | | |
10*. Tnh cc nh thc cp cao
a) | |
| |
b) | |
| |
c) | |
| |
d) | |
|. |
e) |
f)
| |
| |
11*. Chng minh nh thc Vandermonde
(Gi : theo th t ly theo hng 1 a v ).
ri khai trin
12. p dng nh thc Vandermonde
Bi tp i s
a) Tnh
b) Tm x |
13. Xc nh
cc tch chp sau c du tng ng trong ngoc (+) .
14. Chng minh rng | | chia ht cho 15. | | chia ht cho 11.
2.3. MA TRN NGHCH O 1. Cc ma trn sau c kh o khng, nu c, hy tm ma trn nghch o bng phng php phn b i s a) ( + b) ( +.
2. Tm ma trn nghch o bng phng php Gauss - Jordan ( + ( )
a)
b)
c)
d)
).
3. Tm nghch o ca cc ma trn
Bi tp i s
a) ( )
b) ( )
c) ( 4. Cho ma trn ( ) ) . Tm
A kh nghch.
2.4. HNG MA TRN 1. Tm hng ca cc ma trn sau : ( ) ( )
2. Bin lun theo (
hng ca cc ma trn sau : ) ( )
a)
c)
) .
2.5. H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH
Bi tp i s
1. Tm ma trn a) ( +
tha mn ( + b) ( + ( )
c) (
d) (
).
2. Gii cc h phng trnh
3. Gii v bin lun theo
cc h phng trnh
4. Tm iu kin ca { 5. Tm
h sau v s nghim { .
h sau c nghim khng tm thng { { .
Bi tp i s
{ {
Bi tp i s
Chng 3. KHNG GIAN VC T

3.1. KHNG GIAN VC T 1. Chng minh rng tp R2 cng vi hai php ton sau l KGVT trn (x1, y1) + (x2 + y2) = (x1 + x2, y1+ y2) (a + bi)(x, y) = (ax by, ay + bx) 2. Chng t rng tp R2 cng vi php cng thng thng v php nhn vi mt v hng xc nh bi R, (x, y) R2 th (x, y) = (0, 0) khng phi l mt khng gian vct trn trng s thc R. 3. Cc tp sau c l khng gian con ca R2 hay khng ? a) F = {(r, -r); r R} b) G = {(x, y); 0 x, y R} 4. Tp cng vi 2 php ton sau c l khng gian vc t khng a) Php cng thng thng: Php nhn thng thng: . b) Php cng: Php nhn: . c) Php cng: Php nhn: . 3.2. C LP V PH THUC TUYN TNH 1. Cho h vct a1, a2, a3 c lp tuyn tnh. Chng minh rng h vct sau c lp tuyn tnh b1 = a1 + 2a2 + a3, b2 = 2a1 a2 + 3a3, b3 = a1 + 3a2 + a3 2. Trong khng gian , cho 3 vc t . Tm sao cho ba vc t trn ph thuc tuyn tnh. cho h vc t
3. Trong khng gian
Bi tp i s
Xt xem h vc t trn l c lp tuyn tnh hay ph thuc tuyn tnh. 4. Trong khng gian ( ) , cho h vc t ( ) ( ) ( )
Xt xem h ma trn trn l c lp tuyn tnh hay ph thuc tuyn tnh. 5. Trong khng gian , cho 3 vc t . Tm sao cho ba vc t trn ph thuc tuyn tnh.
6. Tm iu kin ca cc ma trn sau ph thuc tuyn tnh trong khng gian tuyn tnh cc ma trn vung cp 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3.3. S CHIU V C S CA KHNG GIAN 1. Trong R3, cho cc vct u = (1, 2, 3), v = (-2, -5, -2), w = (1, 2, -1), b = (7, 6, 1). Vct b c phi l mt vct ca khng gian con Span(u, v, w) ca R3 hay khng? 2. H sau c sinh ra khng gian tng ng khng a) { b) { c) {( d) { 3. Trong a) , hy chng minh ) ( ) ( ) ( } trong } trong )} trong } trong . nu
Bi tp i s
b) 4. Xt s ph thuc tuyn tnh v c lp tuyn tnh ca cc h vc t } trong a) { b) { trong } c) { d) { } trong e) {( f) {( 5. Gi s h ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )} trong )} trong
l c s ca khng gian vc t . Cho h vc t
H 6. Gi
c l c s ca khng gian vc t l tp hp cc ma trn (
khng? Ti sao?
tha mn phng trnh + ( +
a) Chng minh
l mt khng gian vc t thc. v mt c s ca n. l c s ca khng gian vc t . Cho
b) Tm s chiu ca 7. Gi s h
c l c s ca khng gian vc t (
khng? Ti sao? gm cc vc t
8. Cho ma trn ring ca ma trn .
). Tm mt c s ca
3.4. TA VC T PHP CHUYN C S
Bi tp i s
1. Tm ma trn chuyn c s t f = {(1,1), (1,2)} sang c s g = {(2,1), (1,4)}. 2. Cho h vc t trong
Tm biu din tuyn tnh nu c ca vc t a) b) 2. Trong khng gian { Tm ta ca a thc 3. Trong cho hai h vc t { , cho h c s
theo h trn, nu
}. theo c s . } v { }, trong
. a) Chng minh cc h vc t b) Tm ma trn chuyn t 4. Trong khng gian ( ) ( , cho c s ( v . gm cc ma trn ) ( ) ( ) l cc c s ca .
Tm ta ca ma trn 5. Trong khng gian
) theo c s .
cho h c s { } theo c s sang .
Tm ta ca vc t 6. Tm ma trn chuyn t c s a) b) { { } {
trong cc trng hp }
Bi tp i s
c)
{ {
} }.
3.5. KHNG GIAN VC T CON 1. Tm mt c s ca khng gian con F = {(x, y, z, t, l): y = 3x, t = 2x, l = z - x} ca R5. 2. Tm s chiu ca khng gian con F ca R 4 sinh bi h vct: v1=(-1,2,1,2), v2=(1,,1,3), v3 = (1, -1, -1, -1), v4 = (-1, 2, , 2), v5 = (1, 1, -1, 1) theo tham s . 3. Tp no trong cc tp sau l khng gian con ca } a) { | b) { | } c) { | } d) { | } e) { | } vi 4. Tp no trong cc tp sau l khng gian con ca a) b) G c) {( {( {( ) ) ) } } }
c nh.
5. Tp no trong cc tp sau l khng gian con ca a) b) c) { { { | | | } } }
6. Xc nh khng gian con sinh bi cc vc t sau a) b) c)
trong trong trong
Bi tp i s
d)
) trong
7. Tm mt c s v s chiu ca khng gian con sinh bi a) { } trong b) { 8. Cho tp hp { | l khng gian vc t con ca .
} trong }.
a) Chng minh
b) Tm c s v chiu ca khng gian con . 9. Cho tp hp gian vc t con ca 10. Trong khng gian { ( ) }. Bit l khng
Tm c s v s chiu ca khng gian con . cho tp gm cc vc t tha mn
a) Chng minh
l khng gian con ca . {
b) Tm s chiu v mt c s ca 11. Trong , cho h cc vc t
} vi .
a) H
c phi l mt c s ca
khng? Ti sao?
b) Tm s chiu v mt c s ca khng gian sinh bi h . 12. Xc nh mt c s v s chiu ca khng gian nghim ca phng trnh
c) {
Bi tp i s
d){
)( )
( )
Chng 4. VC T RING GI TR RING

1. Cho ma trn sau ( (i) Tm gi tr ring v vc t ring ca . (ii) Cho ha ma trn (iii) Tnh . +
2. Chng minh rng hai ma trn ng dng c cng gi tr ring. 3. Gi s l gi tr ring ca , chng minh rng (i) l gi tr ring ca khng suy bin th l gi tr ring ca .
(ii) Nu
4. Chng minh cc ma trn sau cho ha c v cho ha chng ( + ( +
).
Bi tp i s
5. Tm gi tr ring v vc t ring ca cc ma trn sau ( + ( ).
( l ma trn ng cho nu ( ).
6. Tm ma trn (
sao cho +
7. Chng minh rng ma trn A khng ng dng vi ma trn B nu ( + v ( +
+ v
+.
8. Cho
) v
( v
a) Hy cho ha ma trn b) Tnh 9. Tm a) v .
trong cc trng hp sau y ( + b) ( + sau y
10. Tm mt c s ca
gm cc vc t ring ca ma trn
Bi tp i s
).
11. Chng minh rng
l gi tr ring ca
khi v ch khi
suy bin.
12. Cho l ma trn vung c cc phn t u thc, chng minh rng nu khng c gi tr ring thc th . 13. Chng minh rng nu th gi tr ring duy nht ca l 0.
14. Cho ma trn c tng cc phn t trn mi ct (hoc hng) l , chng minh rng l mt gi tr ring ca
Chng 5. NH X TUYN TNH

5.1. NH X TUYN TNH 5.2. MA TRN BIU DIN CA NH X TUYN TNH 1. Tm nh x tuyn tnh tha mn
2. Cho .
). Xt nh x
xc nh bi
a) Chng minh
l nh x tuyn tnh.
b) Tm ma trn chnh tc ca 3. Cho nh x
a) Chng minh rng : b) Tm ma trn ca c) Tm ma trn ca
l nh x tuyn tnh. theo c s chnh tc ca theo c s vi
Bi tp i s
. 4. Gi Cho { l khng gian cc a thc vi h s thc c bc ( + l ma trn ca ton t tuyn tnh } a) Tm ma trn ca b) Tnh theo c s . { }. v . theo c s
c) Tm gi tr ring v vc t ring ca . 5. Cho php bin i tuyn tnh Tm mt c s ca khng gian sao cho trong c s , ma trn ca trn ng cho. Ch ra ma trn ng cho ny. 6. Gi x l khng gian cc ma trn vung thc cp 2. Cho xc nh nh sau a) Chng minh b) Tm l nh x tuyn tnh. vi ( ). . ( l ma .
). Xt nh
c) Tm hng v gi tr ring ca 7. Cho php bin i tuyn tnh , . a) Tm ma trn ca theo c s chnh tc.
b) Tm mt c s gm cc vc t ring ca php bin i 8. Ma trn ca nh x tuyn tnh ( dng ( theo c s theo c s c dng c
). Ma trn ca nh x tuyn tnh ).
Bi tp i s
a) Tm ma trn b) Tm ma trn
theo c s theo c s
. . c ma trn tng ng vi c s ma trn ca
9. Php nh x tuyn tnh { } l (
trong khng gian
+. Hy tm mt c s trong
c dng cho. 10. Cho nh x tuyn tnh
a) Vit ma trn chnh tc ca nh x b) Tm ma trn chuyn t c s chnh tc sang c s v . c) Tm ma trn ca trong c s trong , ng vi c s { } trong gm cc vc t
11. nh x tuyn tnh
c ma trn l ( a) Tm cc gi tr ring v cc vc t ca ma trn b) Tm trong mt c s m ng vi n, ma trn ca xc nh bi ( Tm mt c s ca ) ( ) theo c s c dng cho. l ma trn cho. +
12. Cho nh x tuyn tnh
sao cho ma trn ca
c ma trn
Bi tp i s
( a) Tm
b) Tm s chiu ca khng gian vc t sinh bi h {
} trong
14. Cho nh x tuyn tnh tha mn a) Chng minh h { b) Bit vc t tha mn
. Gi s } l c lp tuyn tnh.
l ba vc t thuc .
. Biu din vc t c ma trn (
qua
. + trong c s
15. Cho nh x tuyn tnh { a) Tm . b) Gi Tnh l ma trn ca . trong c s
16. Cho nh x a) Chng minh rng
, l nh x tuyn tnh.
b) Bit rng b 4 vc t { l c s ca tc ca . . Tm ma trn ca nh x t c s { } } vo c s chnh
5.3. HT NHN V NH CA NH X TUYN TNH 1. Cho nh x tuyn tnh xc nh bi
Bi tp i s
Tm s chiu v mt c s ca 2. Cho nh x tuyn tnh
. xc nh bi
Vit ma trn chnh tc. Tm s chiu v mt c s ca 3. Cho nh x c ma trn chnh tc l ( Vit biu thc ca . Tm 4. Cho nh x tuyn tnh trn, tm v . xc nh bi ,
(i) Tm (ii) Vi
c s chiu l 1. cha phn t .
a) Vit ma trn chnh tc ca nh x . b) Tm c s v chiu ca 6. l nh x c ma trn ( . +.
a) Tm mt c s v s chiu ca b) Tm mt c s v s chiu ca 7. nh x tuyn tnh v bi c xc nh trong cc c s chnh tc ca
Bi tp i s
a) Tm nh ca c s chnh tc ca b) Tm mt c s ca
qua
v tm hng ca h vc t nh . .
v tnh s chiu ca cho 3 vc t
8. ng vi c s chnh tc ca
a) Chng minh rng { b) nh x tuyn tnh trn
} l mt c s ca c xc nh bi
. Hy tm biu thc ca trong c s chnh tc vi mi c s ca v hng ca . Hy xc nh chiu ca 9. nh x tuyn tnh , t suy ra mt .
c ma trn tng ng vi c s chnh tc l
( Tm 10. Cho nh x , , trong a) Chng minh rng b) Ty theo gi tr ca 11. Cho nh x tuyn tnh
l hng s thc. .
l nh x tuyn tnh vi , hy tnh s chiu ca ,
a) Vit ma trn chnh tc ca nh x . b) Tm c s v s chiu ca .
Bi tp i s
a) Tm ma trn ca b) Tm
theo c s .
vi
13. nh x tuyn tnh
Tm
. tha mn
a) Tm s chiu ca b) Tnh
15*. Cho 2 khng gian con a) Nu v b) Nu th
ca khng gian vc t . Chng minh rng th khng l khng gian con ca hoc .
16*. Cho n s phc tng i mt khc nhau. } c lp tuyn tnh trong khng Chng minh rng h vc t { | gian cc a thc h s phc [x] 17*. Trong khng gian , cho
Tm c s v s chiu ca 18*. Cho ma trn hng { | Chng minh l khng gian con ca v tm khc khng. Gi s } .

Bai Tap Dai So 2011

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B mn Ton - H M a cht

3. Tm d ca php chia 4. Tm d ca php chia 5. Tm d trong php chia

cho 6. Tm a) b) 7. Tm 8. Tm sao cho sao cho th c d l chia ht cho chia ht cho .

c n nghim thc nghim thc. c t nht

chng minh rng

Chng 2. MA TRN H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

2. Khng tnh nh thc, hy chng minh rng | | | |

. ( tha mn | | tha mn | | ). Tnh . Tnh | . Tnh | | v | | |

7. Cho ma trn 8. Cho ma trn

10*. Tnh cc nh thc cp cao

11*. Chng minh nh thc Vandermonde

(Gi : theo th t ly theo hng 1 a v ).

12. p dng nh thc Vandermonde

cc tch chp sau c du tng ng trong ngoc (+) .

2. Tm ma trn nghch o bng phng php Gauss - Jordan ( + ( )

2.4. HNG MA TRN 1. Tm hng ca cc ma trn sau : ( ) ( )

2. Bin lun theo (

hng ca cc ma trn sau : ) ( )

2.5. H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

2. Gii cc h phng trnh

3. Gii v bin lun theo

h sau c nghim khng tm thng { { .

Chng 3. KHNG GIAN VC T

3. Trong khng gian

l c s ca khng gian vc t . Cho h vc t

c l c s ca khng gian vc t l tp hp cc ma trn (

tha mn phng trnh + ( +

l mt khng gian vc t thc. v mt c s ca n. l c s ca khng gian vc t . Cho

8. Cho ma trn ring ca ma trn .

3.4. TA VC T PHP CHUYN C S

1. Tm ma trn chuyn c s t f = {(1,1), (1,2)} sang c s g = {(2,1), (1,4)}. 2. Cho h vc t trong

. a) Chng minh cc h vc t b) Tm ma trn chuyn t 4. Trong khng gian ( ) ( , cho c s ( v . gm cc ma trn ) ( ) ( ) l cc c s ca .

Tm ta ca ma trn 5. Trong khng gian

cho h c s { } theo c s sang .

5. Tp no trong cc tp sau l khng gian con ca a) b) c) { { { | | | } } }

6. Xc nh khng gian con sinh bi cc vc t sau a) b) c)

trong trong trong

Tm c s v s chiu ca khng gian con . cho tp gm cc vc t tha mn

l khng gian con ca . {

b) Tm s chiu v mt c s ca 11. Trong , cho h cc vc t

Chng 4. VC T RING GI TR RING

4. Chng minh cc ma trn sau cho ha c v cho ha chng ( + ( +

5. Tm gi tr ring v vc t ring ca cc ma trn sau ( + ( ).

7. Chng minh rng ma trn A khng ng dng vi ma trn B nu ( + v ( +

a) Hy cho ha ma trn b) Tnh 9. Tm a) v .

trong cc trng hp sau y ( + b) ( + sau y

11. Chng minh rng

Chng 5. NH X TUYN TNH

b) Tm ma trn chnh tc ca 3. Cho nh x

a) Chng minh rng : b) Tm ma trn ca c) Tm ma trn ca

l nh x tuyn tnh. theo c s chnh tc ca theo c s vi

). Ma trn ca nh x tuyn tnh ).

. . c ma trn tng ng vi c s ma trn ca

9. Php nh x tuyn tnh { } l (

trong khng gian

c dng cho. 10. Cho nh x tuyn tnh

11. nh x tuyn tnh

12. Cho nh x tuyn tnh

sao cho ma trn ca

13. Cho nh x tuyn tnh

b) Tm s chiu ca khng gian vc t sinh bi h {

14. Cho nh x tuyn tnh tha mn a) Chng minh h { b) Bit vc t tha mn

. Biu din vc t c ma trn (