Tóm tắt LT-BT Hóa 9

1
NGUYEN T HT H AO M I NH
(Thac shoa)

NHAXUAT BAN
AI HOC QUOC GI A TP HOCH MI NH
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L I NOI AU
egi up cho cac em hoc tot mon Hoahoc l p 9 do vay chung toi
bi en soan cuon Bai tap hoahoc 9 . Sach c bi en soan theo chng
trnh mi cua BoGi ao duc vaao tao.
Noi dung sach gom nam chng:
Chng I : Cac l oai hp chat hu c
Chng I I : Ki m l oai
Chng I I I : Phi ki m, s l c vebang hethong tuan hoan cac
nguyen tohoahoc
Chng I V: Hi drocacbon. Nhi en l i eu
Chng V: Dan xuat cua Hi dorocacbon. Pol i me
Noi dung cuon sach nay nham gi up cho cac em hoc si nh nhng k
nang c ban vanang cao bam sat vi chng trnh hoc nhatrng.
Chung toi hy vong cuon sach nay semang l ai cho cac em nhng g can
thi et vaboch, gi up cac em at c nhng thanh tch cao trong hoc tap
vatrong cac kythi .
Mac duconhi eu cogang trong vi ec bi en soan, song thi eu sot l a
i eu khong thetranh khoi c. Chung toi rat mong on nhan sgop y
cua ban oc gan xa echo l an i n sau cuon sach nay c hoan thi en hn.
Tran trong cam n !
Tac gi a: THAO MI NH

CHNG I

3
CAC L OAI HP CH AT VOC
I . TOM TAT K I EN THC
1. Tnh chat hoa hoc cua oxit, khai quat vesphan loai oxit
- Oxi t l ahp chat cua oxi vi mot nguyen tohoa hoc khac.
- Ten cua oxi t ki m l oai : TEN CUA NGUYEN TOKI M LOAI (kem
theo hoa tr) + OXI T.
V du: Fe
2
O
3
ten sat (I I I ) oxi t.
- Ten cua oxi t phi ki m: TEN CUA NGUYEN TOPHI KI M (kem
theo ti en tochsonguyen t) + OXI T.
V du: P
2
O
5
i photpho pentaoxi t.
- Cac ti en to: mono l amot, i l ahai , tri l aba, tetra l abon, penta l a
nam
1.1 Tnh chat hoa hoc cua oxit
a) Oxit baz
- Tac dung vi nc: mot sooxi t baz (Na
2
O, CaO, K
2
O, BaO..) tac
dung vi nc tao thanh dung dch baz (ki em).
Na
2
O + H
2
O 2NaOH
- Tac dung vi axi t: oxi t baz tac dung vi axi t tao muoi vanc.
Na
2
O + H
2
SO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O
- Tac dung vi oxi t axi t: mot sooxi t baz (Na
2
O, CaO, K
2
O, BaO..)
tac dung vi oxi t axi t tao thanh muoi .
Na
2
O + CO
2
Na
2
CO
3
b) Oxit axit
Chuy: oxi t axi t ngoai cach goi ten nh tren con cach goi l a: ANHI DRI C
cua axi t tng ng.
V du: SO
2
anhi dri c sunf ur (axi t tng ng l aH
2
SO
3
axi t sunf ur)
- Tac dung vi nc: nhi eu oxi t axi t tac dung vi nc tao thanh
dung dch axi t.
SO
3
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
4
- Tac dung vi baz: oxi t axi t tac dung vi baz tao muoi vanc.
CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
- Tac dung vi oxi t baz: mot sooxi t axi t tac dung vi oxi t baz tao
thanh muoi .

4
CaO + CO
2
CaCO
3
1.2 Phan loai oxit
- Oxi t baz: l anhng oxi t tac dung vi dung dch axi t tao thanh
muoi vanc.
V du: Na
2
O, CaO, FeO
- Oxi t axi t: l anhng oxi t tac dung vi dung dch baz tao thanh
muoi vanc.
V du: CO
2
, SO
2
, SO
3
- Oxi t l ng tnh: l anhng oxi t cothetac dung vi dung dch baz

vatac dung vi dung dch axi t tao thanh muoi vanc.
V du: Al
2
O
3
, ZnO
- Oxi t trung tnh: oxi t khong tao muoi , l anhng oxi t khong tac dung
vi axi t, baz, nc.
V du: CO, NO
2. M ot sooxit quan tr ong
2.1 Canxi oxit
- Cong thc hoa hoc: CaO.
- Phan tkhoi : 56
- Ten goi thong thng: voi song
a) Tnh chat vat ly
Chat ran, mau trang, nhi et onong chay khoang 2585
o
C.
b) Tnh chat hoa hoc
Canxi oxi t l amot oxi t baz.
- Tac dung vi nc tao thanh canxi hi droxi t Ca(OH)
2
, phan ng
voi toi .
CaO + H
2
O Ca(OH)
2
- Tac dung vi axi t
CaO + H
2
SO
4
CaSO
4
+ H
2
O
- Tac dung vi oxi t axi t
CaO + CO
2
CaCO
3

c) ng dung
- Dung trong cong nghi ep l uyen ki m.
- Nguyen l i eu cho cong nghi ep hoa hoc.

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- Khchua at trong trot.
- Xl nc thai cong nghi ep, sat trung, di et nam.
d) San xuat
CaCO
3

t
0
CaO + CO
2

2.2 Lu huynh ioxit
- Cong thc hoa hoc: SO
2

- Phan tkhoi : 64
- Ten goi thong thng: kh sunf ur
a) Tnh chat vat ly
Chat kh khong mau, mui hac, oc, nang hn khong kh.
b) Tnh chat hoa hoc
Lu huynh i oxi t l amot oxi t axi t.
+ Tac dung vi nc tao thanh axi t sunf ur H
2
SO
3

SO
2
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
3

+ Tac dung vi baz.
Ca(OH)
2
+ SO
2
CaSO
3
+ H
2
O
+ Tac dung vi oxi t bazt tao thanh muoi sunf i t (SO
3
)
CaO + SO
2
CaSO
3

c) ng dung
- San xuat axi t sunf uri c: SO
2
SO
3
H
2
SO
4

- Tay trang bot gotrong cong nghi ep gi ay.
- Di et nam, moc vadung l am chat bao quan thc pham.
d) ieu che San xuat
- i eu chetrong phong th nghi em
Na
2
SO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O + SO
2
hoac Na
2
SO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl + H
2
O + SO
2
- San xuat
ot l u huynh trong khong kh: S + O
2

t
0
SO
2

hoac ot quang pi ri t sat (FeS
2
): 4FeS
2
+ 11O
2
t
0
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 8SO
2


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3. Tnh chat hoa hoc cua axit
- Axi t l ahp chat maphan tgom comot goc axi t l i en ket vi mot
hay nhi eu nguyen thi dro.
- Hoa trcua goc axi t bang songuyen thi dro
Axi t khong cooxi : ten axi t = axi t + ten phi ki m + HI DRI C.
V du: HCl ten l aaxi t cl ohi dri c
- Axi t cooxi vaphi ki m ng vi hoa trcao nhat: ten axi t = axi t +
ten phi ki m + i c.
V du: HNO
3
ten l aaxi t ni tri c
- Axi t cooxi vaphi ki m ng vi hoa trthap: ten axi t = axi t + ten
phi ki m + .
V du: HNO
2
ten l aaxi t ni tr
Tnh chat hoa hoc
- Dung dch axi t l am oi mau qui tm thanh o.
- Tac dung vi ki m l oai : trdung dch axi t HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
am ac,
cac dung dch axi t tac dung vi ki m l oai ng trc hi dro tao thanh
muoi vagi ai phong H
2
.
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl
2
+ H
2
- Tac dung vi baz: axi t tac dung vi baz tao thanh muoi vanc.
Phan ng nay goi l aphan ng trung hoa.
Ca(OH)
2
+ 2HCl

CaCl
2
+ 2H
2
O
- Tac dung vi oxi t baz: axi t tac dung vi oxi t baz tao thanh muoi
vanc.
CaO + 2HCl CaCl
2
+ H
2
O

4. M ot soaxit quang t r ong
4.1 Axit clohidr ic
- Cong thc hoa hoc: HCl
- Phan tkhoi : 36,5
- Ten goi : axi t cl ohi dri c

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- Dung dch axi t cl ohi dri c am ac l adung dch bao hoa hi dro cl orua,
conong okhoang 37%.
- Tnh chat hoa hoc: axi t cl ohi dri c l amot axi t manh.
+ Dung dch axi t cl ohi dri c l am oi maqui tm thanh o.
+ Tac dung vi ki m l oai ng trc hi dro tao thanh muoi cl orua
vagi ai phong H
2
.
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl
2
+ H
2
+ Tac dung vi baz tao thanh muoi cl orua vanc.
Ca(OH)
2
+ 2HCl

CaCl
2
+ 2H
2
O
+ Tac dung vi oxi t baz tao thanh muoi cl orua vanc.
CaO + 2HCl CaCl
2
+ H
2
O
4.2 Axit sunfur ic
- Cong thc hoa hoc: H
2
SO
4

- Phan tkhoi : 98
- Ten goi : axi t sunf uri c
a) Tnh chat vat ly
Chat l ong khong mau, sanh nh dau thc vat, khong bay hi , detan
trong nc vatoa rat nhi eu nhi et. Nguyen tac pha l oang axi t
sunf uri c l arot ttaxi t sunf uri c am ac vao nc.
b) Tnh chat hoa hoc
- Axi t sunf uri c l oang
+ Dung dch axi t sunf uri c l oang l am oi mau quytm thanh o.
+ Tac dung vi ki m l oai ng trc hi dro tao thanh muoi sunf at va
gi ai phong H
2
.
Zn + H
2
SO
4
ZnSO
4
+ H
2
+ Tac dung vi baz tao thanh muoi sunf at vanc.
Ca(OH)
2
+ H
2
SO
4
CaSO
4
+ 2H
2
O
+ Tac dung vi oxi t baz tao thanh muoi sunf at vanc.
CaO + H
2
SO
4
CaSO
4
+ 2H
2
O
- Axi t sunf uri c ac, nong
+ Dung dch axi t sunf uri c am ac, nong l am oi mau quytm thanh o.

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+ Tac dung vi ki m l oai hau het cac ki m l oai tao thanh muoi sunf at
vakhong gi ai phong H
2
.
Cu + 2H
2
SO
4

ac, nong
CuSO
4
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
+ Tac dung vi baz tao thanh muoi sunf at vanc.
Ca(OH)
2
+ H
2
SO
4
CaSO
4
+ 2H
2
O
+ Tac dung vi oxi t baz tao thanh muoi sunf at vanc.
CaO + H
2
SO
4
CaSO
4
+ 2H
2
O
+ Axi t sunf uri c ac rat hao nc.
c) San xuat
| +
2
SO
0
t
2
O S
3
SO 2
5
O
2
V
2
O
2
SO 2 +

SO
3
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
4
- Nhan bi et axi t sunf uri c vamuoi sunf at: Dung BaCl
2
hoac Ba(NO
3
)
2

tao ket tua BaSO
4
. ephan bi et axi t vamuoi sunf at, cothedung
Mg, Zn... axi t tao ra kh con muoi th khong tao kh.
5. Tnh chat hoa hoc cua baz
- Baz l ahp chat maphan tgom comot nguyen tki m l oai l i en
ket vi mot hay nhi eu nhom hi droxi t (OH).
- Hoa trcua ki m l oai bang sonhom hi droxi t
- Ten baz = ten ki m l oai
(them hoa tr, neu ki m l oai conhi eu hoa tr) + hi droxi t

- V du: NaOH: natri hi droxi t
Fe(OH)
2
: sat (I I ) hi droxi t
Tnh chat hoa hoc
- Dung dch baz l am oi mau qui tm thanh xanh
- Dung dch baz l am dung dch phenol phtal ei n khong mau thanh
mau o.
t
0
450
0
C
V
2
O
5

9
- Tac dung vi axi t: baz tac dung vi axi t tao thanh muoi vanc.
Phan ng nay goi l aphan ng trung hoa.
Ca(OH)
2
+ H
2
SO
4
CaSO
4
+ 2H
2
O
- Tac dung vi oxi t axi t: baz tac dung vi oxi t axi t tao thanh muoi
vanc.
Ca(OH)
2
+ SO
2
CaSO
3
+ 2H
2
O
- Baz khong tan bnhi et phan huy: tao thanh oxi t vanc.
Cu(OH)
2

t
0
CuO + H
2
O
6. M ot sobaz quan tr ong
6.1 Natr i hidr oxit
- Cong thc hoa hoc: NaOH
- Phan tkhoi : 40
- Ten goi : natri hi droxi t
a) Tnh chat vat ly
Chat ran, khong mau, hut am manh, tan nhi eu trong nc vatoa nhi et.
b) T nh chat hoa hoc : nat r i hi dr oxi t l amot baz t an tr ong nc.
- Dung dch nat r i hi dr ox i t l am oi mau qu t m t hanh x anh
- Dung dch NaOH l am dung dch phenol phtal ei n khong mau thanh
mau o.
- Tac dung vi axi t tao thanh muoi vanc.
2NaOH + H
2
SO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O
- Tac dung vi oxi t axi t tao thanh muoi vanc.
2NaOH + SO
2
Na
2
SO
3
+ 2H
2
O
c) ng dung
- San xuat xaphong, gi ay, . . .
- Chebi en dau mo.
- San xuat t nhan tao
d) San xuat
i en phan dung dch muoi an am ac (comang ngan)

2NaCl + 2H
2
O 2NaOH + Cl
2
+ H
2

i en phan
comang ngan


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Chuy: nhan bi et natri hi droxi t bang qui tm hoac dung dch
phenol phtal ei n.
6.2 Canxi hidr oxit
- Cong thc hoa hoc: Ca(OH)
2

- Phan tkhoi : 74
- Ten goi : canxi hi droxi t
- Ten thong thng: voi toi
a) Tnh chat hoa hoc : can xi hi droxi t l amot baz tan trong nc.
- Dung dch canxi hi droxi t l am oi mau qui tm thanh xanh
- Dung dch Ca(OH)
2
l am dung dch phenol phtal ei n khong mau
thanh mau o.
- Tac dung vi axi t tao thanh muoi vanc.
Ca(OH)
2
+ H
2
SO
4
CaSO
4
+ 2H
2
O
- Tac dung vi oxi t axi t tao thanh muoi vanc
Ca(OH)
2
+ SO
2
CaSO
3
+ 2H
2
O
b) ng dung
- Lam vat l i eu xay dng, khchua, khtrung...
- Bao vemoi trng: khchat thai .
Chuy: nhan biet canxi hidroxit bang qui tm hoac dung dch phenolphtalein.

7. Thang pH
- pH = 7: trung tnh.
- pH < 7: axi t.
- pH > 7: baz.

8. Tnh chat hoa hoc cua muoi
- Muoi l ahp chat maphan tgom nguyen tki m l oai l i en ket vi
goc axi t.
V du: NaCl . KCl , NaNO
3
.
- pH > 7: baz.

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- Trong hp chat muoi : tong sohoa trki m l oai = tong sohoa trgoc
axi t (van da vao quy tac hoa tr).
V du: Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
: tong sohoa trki m l oai l a2.I I I = 6, tong so
hoa trcua goc axi t: 3 . I I = 6
- Ten muoi = ten ki m l oai (them hoa tr, neu ki m l oai conhi eu hoa tr)
+ goc axi t
V du: goc axi t l a: - NO
3
ten ni tr at, NaNO
3
: muoi natr i ni tr at
- Phan l oai muoi : muoi trung hoa (trong goc axi t khong cohi dro),
Muoi axi t (trong goc axi t cohi dro)
V du: NaNO
3
, NaCl . KCl ... muoi trung hoa
NaHSO
4
, NaHCO
3
... moi a xt
Tnh chat hoa hoc
- Tac dung vi mot soki m l oai tao thanh muoi mi vaki m l oai mi .
Zn + CuSO
4
ZnSO
4
+ Cu
- Tac dung vi axi t tao thanh axi t mi vamuoi mi , i eu ki en phan
ng: muoi mi khong tan trong axi t mi hoac axi t tao thanh yeu hn
vadebay hi hn.
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2

- Tac dung vi baz tao thanh baz mi vamuoi mi , i eu ki en phan
ng: muoi mi vabaz mi khong tan.
Na
2
CO
3
+ Ca(OH)
2
NaOH + CaCO
3

- Tac dung vi dung dch muoi tao thanh 2 muoi mi , i eu ki en phai
tao ra muoi ket tua.
AgNO
3
+ NaCl AgCl + NaNO
3
- Mot somuoi bphan huy nhi et ocao.
CaCO
3
CaO + CO
2
9. M ot somuoi quan tr ong
9.1 Natr i clor ua
- Cong thc hoa hoc: NaCl
- Phan tkhoi : 58,5
- Ten goi : natri cl orua
- Ten thong thng: muoi an

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a) Tr ang thai tnhien
Hoa tan trong nc bi en hoac ket ti nh trong cac momuoi .
b) Cach khai thac
+ Cho bay hi nc bi en sethu c muoi ket ti nh.
+ Momuoi : khai thac movati nh che.
c) ng dung
- Trong cong nghi ep hoa chat
- Trong cong nghi ep thc pham...
Chuy: nhan bi et natri cl orua bang dung dch AgNO
3
tao ket tua trang
AgCl .
9.2 K ali nitr at
- Cong thc hoa hoc: KNO
3

- Phan tkhoi : 101
- Ten goi : kal i ni trat
- Ten thong thng: di em ti eu
a) Tnh chat
- Bphan huy thanh kal i ni tri t vagi ai phong kh oxi .
2KNO
3

t
0
2KNO
2
+ O
2

- KNO
3
cotnh oxi hoa manh.

b) ng dung
- Chetao thuoc noen
- Lam phan bon
- Lam chat bao quan trong thc pham.
10. Phan bon hoa hoc
- Phan bon hoa hoc l anhng hp chat cha cac nguyen tohoa hoc
can thi et cho thc vat phat tri en.
- Nhng l oai phan c ban:
+ Phan am: cac muoi cocha nguyen toni t (N): ureCO(NH
2
)
2
;
NH
4
NO
3
..
+ Phan l an: cac muoi cocha nguyen tophotpho (P): Ca
3
( PO
4
)
2
;
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
...

13
+ Phan kal i : cac muoi kal i : KNO
3
; KCl ...
+ Phan vi l ng: l aphan bon cocha mot l ng nhocac nguyen to
can thi et cho sphat cua thc vat nh bo, mangan..
B. CAU HOI TRAC NGHI EM
Cau 1: Oxi t l a:
a) Hp chat cua oxi vi mot nguyen tohoa hoc khac
b) n chat cua oxi vi mot nguyen tohoa hoc khac
c) Hp chat cua oxi vi mot ki m l oai
d) n chat cua oxi vi mot phi ki m.
Cau 2: Oxi t baz l a:
b) n chat cua oxi vi mot nguyen tohoa hoc khac
c) Hp chat cua oxi vi mot phi ki m.
d) Laoxi t tac tac dung vi dung dch axi t tao thanh muoi vanc
Cau 3: Oxi t axi t l a:
b) Laoxi t tac tac dung vi dung dch baz tao thanh muoi vanc
c) Hp chat cua oxi vi mot phi ki m.

Cau 4: Ngi ta dan hon hp kh gom O
2
, CO, CO
2
, N
2
i qua bnh ng
nc voi trong d. Kh thoat ra khoi bnh l a:
a) O
2
, CO b) O
2
, CO, N
2

c) CO
2
, N
2
d) O
2
, CO, CO
2

Cau 5: Nhng chat nao sau ay cotheton tai trong mot dung dch:
a) BaCl
2
; H
2
SO
4
b) BaCl
2
; Na
2
SO
4
c) KCl ; NaNO
3
d) AgNO
3
; KCl
Cau 6: Dung dch axi t tac dung vi chat chthmau, l am qui tm:
a) Khong oi mau b) Mau o
c) Mau xanh d) Khong mau
Cau 7: enhan bi et dung dch baz ta cothedung:
a) Qui tm b) Dung dch axi t
c) Dung dch phenol phtal ei n

14
d) Qui tm hoac dung dch phenol phtal ei n
Cau 8: i eu ki en emuoi tac dung vi axi t l a:
a) Khong can i eu ki en
b) Muoi mi khong tan trong axi t mi hoac axi t tao thanh yeu hn
vadebay hi hn
c) Muoi mi vaaxi t mi khong tan
d) Axi t tao thanh yeu hn vadebay hi hn
Cau 9: i eu ki en emuoi tac dung vi baz l a:
b) Muoi mi khong tan trong axi t mi hoac baz tao thanh yeu
hn vadebay hi hn
c) Muoi mi vabaz mi khong tan
d) Muoi tao thanh khong tan
Cau 10: i eu ki en emuoi tac dung vi muoi l a:
b) Muoi mi khong tan trong axi t
c) Muoi mi vabaz mi khong tan
d) Muoi tao thanh khong tan

Cau 11: Ti eu ch exep mot oxi t thuoc oxi t axi t, oxi t baz, oxi t trung
tnh l a:
a) Loai nguyen to(ki m l oai , phi ki m) ket hp vi oxi .
b) Khanang tac dung vi axi t vaki em.
c) Hoa trcua nguyen toket hp vi oxi .
d) otan trong nc.
Cau 12: Tnh chat hoa hoc quan trong nhat cua axi t l a:
a) Tac dung vi phi ki m, nc vacac hp chat.
b) Tac dung vi nc, ki m l oai , phi ki m.
c) Tac vi ki m l oai , baz, oxi t baz vamuoi .
d) Tac dung vi oxi , baz.
Cau 13: Tnh chat hoa hoc quan trong nhat cua baz l a:
a) Tac dung vi phi ki m, nc vacac hp chat.
b) Tac dung vi oxi t axi t, axi t, muoi .

15
d) Tac dung vi oxi , baz, muoi .
Cau 14: Kh CO
2
bl an hi nc, ngi ta cothel am khokh CO
2
bang cach:
a) O
2
, CO b) H
2
SO
4
am ac
c) NaOH ran d) CaO mi nung
Cau 15: Chon thuoc ththch hp enhan bi et cac dung dch: HCl , H
2
SO
4

vaNaCl
a) Qui tm, BaCl
2
b) Qui tm, AgNO
3
c) BaCl
2
, qui tm d) a, b, c eu ung.
Cau 16: Cothethu c kh CO
2
thon hp CO va CO
2
bang cach:
a) Qui tm, nung.
b) Cho hon hp l oi qua dung dch Ca(OH)
2
, nhi et phan CaCO
3
c) Oxi , CaCO
3
d) Khong thethu c kh CO
2
thon hp CO va CO
2

Cau 17: Cohai dung dch CuSO
4
vaNa
2
SO
4
, thuoc thnao cothedung
ephan bi et cac dung dch:
a) Qui tm b) Dung dch axi t HCl
c) Dung dch NaOH d) Dung dch phenol phtal ei n .
Cau 18: Dung dch muoi NaNO
3
col an NaCl , ethu c NaNO
3
ti nh
khi et cothedung phng phap sau:
a) Phng phap bay hi .
b) Tac dung va uAgNO
3
, l oc vacocan.
c) un cach thuy.
d) Chng cat vi dung moi hu c.
Cau 19: Dung dch A copH < 7 tao ket tua khi tac dung vi dung dch
AgNO
3
. Dung dch A l a:
a) Dung dch H
2
SO
4
b) Dung dch axi t HCl
c) Dung dch NaOH d) Dung dch NaCl
Cau 20: Oxi t nao sau ay cothel am khokh hi dro cl orua:
a) CaO b) CO
c) P
2
O
5
d) CO
2

C. BAI TAP C BAN VANANG CAO

16
Bai tap 1
Vi et cac phng trnh phan ng hoa hoc theo s osau:
Na
2
O NaOH Na
2
SO
3
SO
2
K
2
SO
3

Bai tap 2
Lap cong thc hoa hoc cua mot oxi t ki m l oai hoa trI I bi et rang
c30ml dung dch HCl nong o14,6% th hoa tan het 4,8g oxi t o.
Bai tap 3
Vi et phng trnh phan ng hoa hoc cua KOH tac dung vi :
a/ Si l i c oxi t
b/ Lu huynh tri oxi t
c/ Cacbon i oxi t
d/ i photpho pentaoxi t
Bai tap 4
Vi et phng trnh phan ng hoa hoc cua nc vi :
a/ Lu huynh tri oxi t
b/ Cacbon i oxi t
c/ i photpho pentaoxi t
d/ Canxi oxi t
e/ Natri oxi t
Bai tap 5
Vi et cac phan ng hoa hoc theo chuoi sau:
CaCO
3
CaO Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
Ca(NO
3
)
2

Bai tap 6
Trung hoa 300ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
1,5M bang dung dch NaOH 40%
a/ Tnh khoi l ng dung dch NaOH can dung.
b/ Neu t hay dung dch NaOH bang dung dch K OH 5, 6%
( D = 1, 045g/ ml ) t h l ng K OH can dung l a bao
nhi eu?
Bai tap 7
Co6 l o khong nhan ng cac hoa chat sau: HCl , H
2
SO
4
, CaCl
2
,
Na
2
SO
4
, Ba(OH)
2
, KOH. Chdung qui tm hay nhan bi et hoa chat
ng trong moi l o.
Bai tap 8

17
Cho 12,4g muoi cacbonat cua mot ki m l oai hoa tr I I tac dung
hoan toan vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
l oang d thu c 16g muoi . Tm
cong thc cua ki m l oai o.
Bai tap 9
Cho 5,6g CaO vao nc tao thanh dung dch A. Tnh sogam ket
tua tao thanh khi em dung dch A hap thu hoan toan 2,8 l t kh
cacboni c.
Bai tap 10
Vi et phng trnh i eu chexut tvoi song vasoa.
Bai tap 11
Cho 50g hon hp gom hai muoi NaHSO
3
vaNa
2
CO
3
vao 200g
dung dch HCl 14,6%. Hoi phan ng coxay ra hoan toan khong ?
Bai tap 12
Vi et phan ng hoa hoc gi up phan bi et cac cap dung dch sau:
a/ Dung dch sat (I I ) sunf at vasat (I I I ) sunf at.
b/ Dung dch natri sunf at vaong sunf at.

Bai tap 13
Nhan bi et 4 l o hoa chat mat nhan cha 4 muoi sau: Na
2
CO
3
,
MgCO
3
, BaCO
3
, vaCaCl
2
.
Bai tap 14
Cho 32g mot oxi t ki m l oai hoa trI I I tan het trong 294g dung dch
H
2
SO
4
. Tm cong thc cua oxi t ki m l oai tren.
Bai tap 15
otan cua NaCl 90
o
C l a50g va0
o
C l a35g. Tnh l ng NaCl
ket ti nh khi l am l anh 900g dung dch NaCl bao hoa 90
o
C.
Bai tap 16
T nh k hoi l ng cac muoi t hu c sau khi cho 28,8g
ax i t phot phor i c t ac dung vi 300g dung dch K OH nong
o8, 4%.
Bai tap 17
Tcac chat sau: P, CuO, Ba(NO
3
)
2
, H
2
SO
4
, NaOH, O
2
, H
2
O hay
i eu checac chat sau:

18
a/ H
3
PO
4

b/ Cu(NO
3
)
2

c/ Na
3
PO
4

d/ Cu(OH)
2

Bai tap 18
Neu phng phap hoa hoc enhan bi et 3 muoi NaNO
3
, NaCl ,
Na
2
SO
4
.
Bai tap 19
Dung dch X cha 6,2g Na
2
O va193,8g nc. Cho X vao
200g dung dch CuSO
4
16% thu a gam ket tua .
a/ Tnh nong ophan tram cua X.
b/ Tnh a.
c/ Tnh l ng dung dch HCl 2M can dung ehoa tan het a gam
ket tua sau khi anung thanh chat ran en.

Bai tap 20
a/ Cho ttdung dch X cha x mol HCl vao dung dch Y cha y
mol Na
2
CO
3
(x< 2y) th thu c dung dch Z cha V l t kh.
Tnh V.
b/ Neu cho dung dch Y vao dung dch X th thu c dung dch E
vaV
1
l t kh. Cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan vathetch kh o
i eu ki en ti eu chuan. Tm moi quan hegi a V
1
vi x, y.
Bai tap 21
Chdung qui tm enhan bi et cac ong nghi em mat nhan cha cac
dung dch sau: NaHSO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
, Na
2
SO
3
, BaCl
2
, Na
2
S.
Bai tap 22
Cho A gam dung dch H
2
SO
4
l oang nong oC% tac dung hoan
toan vi hon hp K vaFe (d). Sau phan ng khoi l ng chung
gi am 0,0457A gam. Tm nong odung dch axi t.
Bai tap 23
Hai bnh thuy ti nh ng HCl can bang tren 2 a can. Thavao
bnh thnhat a gam mi eng ki m l oai Mg vabnh thhai a gam

19
mi eng ki m l oai Zn. Sau khi ket thuc th nghi em hoi can con can
bang nh cukhong?
Bai tap 24
Dung dung dch Ca(OH)
2
l am thenao enhan bi et c 3 l oai
phan bon: KCl , NH
4
NO
3
, Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
.
Bai tap 25
Tnh l ng nhom nguyen chat i eu chec t1 tan quang boxi t.
Bi et rang trong quang boxi t cha 50% l anhom oxi t vaki m l oai
l uyen toxi t ocon cha 2,5% tap chat.
Bai tap 26
Cho 1,6g ong (I I ) oxi t tac dung vi 100g dung dch axi t sunf uri c
conong o20%.
a) Vi et phng trnh hoa hoc
b) Tnh nong ophan tram cua cac chat cotrong dung dch sau
khi phan ng ket thuc.
Bai tap 27
200ml dung dch HCl conong o3,5M hoa tan va het 20g hon
hp CuO vaFe
2
O
3
.
a) Vi et phng trnh phan ng.
b) Tnh khoi l ng moi oxi t trong hon hp ban au.
Bai tap 28
Dan 112ml kh SO
2
(ktc) i qua 700ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
co
nong o0,01M, san pham l amuoi sunf i t.
a) Vi et phng trnh hoa hoc.
b) Tnh khoi l ng cac chat sau phan ng.
Bai tap 29
Hoa tan hoan toan 12,1g hon hp bot CuO vaZnO can 100ml
dung dch HCl 3M.
b) Tnh phan tram theo khoi l ng cua moi oxi t trong hon hp au.
c) Hay tnh khoi l ng dung dch H
2
SO
4
nong o20% ehoa tan
hon hp cac oxi t tren.
Bai tap 30

20
Co4 l o khong nhan, moi l o ng mot dung dch khong mau sau:
NaCl , Ba(OH)
2
, NaOH vaNa
2
SO
4
. Chdung qui tm, l am thenhan
bi et tng dung dch.
Bai tap 31
Tron 30ml dung dch cocha 2,22g CaCl
2
vi 70ml dung dch cha
1,7g AgNO
3
.
a) Hay cho bi et hi en tng quan sat c vavi et phng trnh
hoa hoc.
b) Tnh khoi l ng chat ran si nh ra.
c) Tnh nong omol cua chat con l ai trong dung dch sau phan
ng. Cho rang thetch dung dch thay oi khong ang ke.

D. AP AN TRAC NGHI EM
Cau 1: Oxi t l a:
Cau 2: Oxi t baz l a:
Cau 3: Oxi t axi t l a:
b) Laoxi t tac tac dung vi dung dch baz tao thanh muoi vanc
Cau 4: Ngi ta dan hon hp kh gom O
2
, CO, CO
2
, N
2
i qua bnh ng
b) O
2
, CO, N
2

Cau 5: Nhng chat nao sau ay cotheton tai tr ong mot dung dch:
c) KCl ; NaNO
3

Cau 6: Dung dch axi t t ac dung vi chat cht h mau, l am qui t m:
b) Mau o
Cau 7: enhan bi et dung dch baz ta cothedung:
d) Qui tm hoac dung dch phenol phtal ei n
Cau 8: i eu ki en emuoi tac dung vi axi t l a:
b) Muoi mi khong tan trong axi t mi hoac axi t tao thanh yeu hn
vadebay hi hn.

21
Cau 9: i eu ki en emuoi tac dung vi baz l a:
c) Muoi mi vabaz mi khong tan.
Cau 10: i eu ki en emuoi tac dung vi muoi l a:
d) Muoi tao thanh khong tan.
Cau 11: Ti eu ch exep mot oxi t thuoc oxi t axit, oxi t baz, oxi t trung tnh l a:
b) Khanang tac dung vi axi t vaki em.
Cau 12: Tnh chat hoa hoc quan trong nhat cua axi t l a:
Cau 13: Tnh chat hoa hoc quan trong nhat cua baz l a:
b) Tac dung vi oxi t axi t, axi t, muoi .
Cau 14: Kh CO
2
bl an hi nc, ngi ta cothel am khokh CO
2
bang cach:
b) H
2
SO
4
am ac
Cau 15: Chon thuoc ththch hp enhan bi et cac dung dch: HCl , H
2
SO
4

vaNaCl
d) a, b, c eu ung.
Cau 16: Cothethu c kh CO
2
thon hp CO va CO
2
bang cach:
b) Cho hon hp l oi qua dung dch Ca( OH)
2
, nhi et phan CaCO
3
Cau 17: Cohai dung dch CuSO
4
vaNa
2
SO
4
, thuoc thnao cothedung
ephan bi et cac dung dch:
c) Dung dch NaOH
Cau 18: Dung dch muoi NaNO
3
col an NaCl , ethu c NaNO
3
ti nh
khi et cothedung phng phap sau:
b) Tac dung va uAgNO
3
, l oc vacocan.
Cau 19: Dung dch A copH < 7, tao ket tua khi tac dung vi dung dch
AgNO
3
. Dung dch A l a:
b) Dung dch axi t HCl
Cau 20: Oxi t nao sau ay cothel am khokh hi dro cl orua:
d) P
2
O
5

E. HNG DAN GI AI BAI TAP NANG CAO
Bai tap 1
- Na
2
O + H
2
O 2NaOH

22
- SO
2
+ 2 NaOH Na
2
SO
3
+ H
2
O
- Na
2
SO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ SO
2
| + H
2
O
- SO
2
+ K
2
O K
2
SO
3

Bai tap 2
- at cong thc hoa hoc cua ki m l oai can tm l a: MO.
- Phng trnh hoa hoc cua phan ng:
MO + 2HCl MCl
2
+ H
2
O
- Somol axi t HCl : mol 12 , 0
5 , 36 . 100
6 , 14 . 30
HCl
n = =
- Somol oxi t : mol 06 , 0
2
12 , 0
MO
n = =
- Phan tl ng cua oxi t: 80
06 , 0
8 , 4
M = =
- Nguyen tkhoi cua M bang: 80 16 = 64 vc.
Vay M l aCu. Oxi t can tm l aCuO.
Bai tap 3
a/ 2KOH + Si O
2
K
2
Si O
3
+ H
2
O
b/ 2KOH + SO
3
K
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O
c/ 2KOH + CO
2
K
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
d/ 6KOH + P
2
O
5
2K
3
PO
4
+ 3H
2
O
Bai tap 4
a/ SO
3
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
4

b/ CO
2
+ H
2
O H
2
CO
3

c/ P
2
O
5
+ 3H
2
O 2H
3
PO
4

d/ CaO + H
2
O Ca(OH)
2

e/ Na
2
O + H
2
O 2NaOH
Bai tap 5
- CaCO
3

t
o
CaO + CO
2
|
- CaO + H
2
O Ca(OH)
2

- Ca(OH)
2
+ CO
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O
- CaCO
3
+ 2HNO
3
Ca(NO
3
)
2
+ CO
2
| + H
2
O
Bai tap 6
Phng trnh hoa hoc: H
2
SO
4
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O

23
a/ Somol H
2
SO
4
l a:
4
SO
2
H
n = 0,3 . 1,5 = 0,45 mol
Khoi l ng NaOH can dung: m = 2. 0,45. 40 = 36g.
Khoi l ng dung dch NaOH 40%: g 90
40
100 . 36
dd
m = =
b/ Phng trnh phan ng: H
2
SO
4
+ 2KOH K
2
SO
4
+ 2 H
2
O
Khoi l ng KOH can dung: m = 2 . 0,45 . 56 = 50,4g
Khoi l ng dung dch KOH: g 900
6 , 5
100 . 4 , 50
dd
m = =
Thetch dung dch KOH can dung: ml 2 , 861
045 , 1
900
D
dd
m
dd
V = = =
Bai tap 7
Lan 1: dung qui tm sechi a ra thanh 3 nhom:
- Nhom 1: l am qui tm hoa o: HCl , H
2
SO
4
.
- Nhom 2: l am qui tm hoa xanh: Ba(OH)
2
, KOH.
- Nhom 3: khong l am qui tm oi mau: CaCl
2
, Na
2
SO
4
.
Lan 2: dung 1 trong 2 locua nhom 2 cho tac dung vi tng lotrong nhom 3:
- Neu khong tao ket tua th l o nhom 2 l aKOH val o con l ai l a
Ba(OH)
2
hay ngc l ai .
- Lo tao ket tua nhom 2 l aBa(OH)
2
vi l o Na
2
SO
4
nhom 3. T
otm ra l oCaCl
2
.
Lan 3: dung Ba(OH)
2
tac dung l an l t vi 2 l o cua nhom 1. Lo tao
ket tua l aH
2
SO
4
, l ocon l ai l aHCl .
Bai tap 8
Goi ki m l oai can tm l aM.
Phng trnh hoa hoc : MCO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
MSO
4
+ CO
2
| + H
2
O
Somol muoi tao thanh: mol 1 , 0
60 96
4 , 12 16
n =
=
Ta co: (M + 60).0,1 = 12,4
Vay M = 64 tc Cu.
Bai tap 9
- Somol tng chat nh sau: , mol 1 , 0
56
6 , 5
CaO
n = =

24
mol 125 , 0
4 , 22
8 , 2
2
co
n = =
CaO + H
2
O Ca(OH)
2

0,1 mol 0,1 mol
Ca(OH)
2
+ CO
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O
0,1 mol 0,1 mol 0,1 mol
- Somol CO
2
d: 0,125 0,1 = 0,025 mol , seti ep tuc phan ng nh sau:

CaCO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
0,025mol 0,025mol 0,025mol
- Sogam ket tua CaCO
3
l a: (0,1 0,025).100 = 7,5g.
Bai tap 10
- CaO + H
2
O Ca(OH)
2

- Ca(OH)
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
CaCO
3
+ + 2NaOH.
Bai tap 11
- Ta co: NaHSO
3
(M= 104) Na
2
CO
3
(M=122).
NaHSO
3
+ HCl NaCl + H
2
O + SO
2

x mol x mol
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2

y mol 2y mol
- Somol HCl : mol 8 , 0
5 , 36 . 100
6 , 14 . 200
n = =
- n
hh hai muoi
HCl
n 48 , 0
104
50
< = <
Vay axi t HCl d, phan ng xay ra hoan toan.
Bai tap 12
a/ 2NaOH + FeSO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ Fe(OH)
2
+ xanh nhat.
6NaOH + Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
3Na
2
SO
4
+ 2Fe(OH)
3
+ nau o.
b/ NaOH + Na
2
SO
4
khong phan ng
NaOH + CuSO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ Cu(OH)
2
+ mau xanh.
Bai tap 13
- Dung dung dch H
2
SO
4
enhan bi et. Lova cokh va coket tua
trang l aBaCO
3
.

25
H
2
SO
4
+ BaCO
3
Ba SO
4
+ + H
2
O + CO
2
|
- Lokhong cohi en tng g l aCaCl
2
.
- 2 l ocon l ai cokh bay l en l aNa
2
CO
3
, MgCO
3

H
2
SO
4
+ Na
2
CO
3
Na
2
SO
4
+ + H
2
O + CO
2
|
H
2
SO
4
+ MgCO
3
MgSO
4
+ + H
2
O + CO
2
|
- Dung dung dch NaOH cho vao 2 l o nay, l o nao coket tua trang
(MgOH) l al ocha MgCO
3
.
MgCO
3
+ 2NaOH Mg(OH)
2
+ + Na
2
CO
3
Bai tap 14
- Cong thc can tm: X
2
O
3

- Khoi l ng H
2
SO
4
: 8 , 58
100
294 . 20
m = = g
- Somol H
2
SO
4
= 0,6 mol .
- Phng trnh phan ng:
X
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
SO
4
X
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
O
0,2 mol 0,6mol
Phan tl ng cua oxi t: M =160.
Vay oxi t ol aFe
2
O
3
.
Bai tap 15
- Dung dch NaCl bao hoa 90
o
C cha:
g 300
50 100
900 . 50
NaCl
m =
+
=

O
2
H
m = 900 300 = 600g
- Dung dch NaCl bao hoa 0
o
C co g 210
100
35 . 600
NaCl
m = =
- Lng NaCl ket ti nh: 300 210 =90g.
Bai tap 16
- , mol 3 , 0
96
8 , 28
4
PO
3
H
n = = 45 , 0
56 . 100
300 . 4 , 8
KOH
n = =
H
3
PO
4
+ KOH KH
2
PO
4
+ H
2
O
0,3mol 0,3mol 0,3mol
- Somol KOH d: 0,45 0,3 = 0,15 mol

26
KH
2
PO
4
+ KOH K
2
HPO
4
+ H
2
O
0,15mol 0,15mol 0,15mol
- Khoi l ng muoi thu c sau phan ng:
m KH
2
PO
4
= (0,3 0,15).136 =20,4g
m K
2
HPO
4
= 0,15 . 174 = 26,1

Bai tap 17
a/ 4P + 5O
2
2P
2
O
5

P
2
O
5
+ 3 H
2
O 2H
3
PO
4

b/ Ba(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
SO
4
BaSO
4
+ + 2HNO
3

CuO + 2 HNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
O
c/ H
3
PO
4
+ 3NaOH Na
3
PO
4
+3 H
2
O
d/ CuO + H
2
SO
4
CuSO
4
+ H
2
O
CuSO
4
+ 2NaOH Cu(OH)
2
+ + Na
2
SO
4

Bai tap 18
- Dung BaCl
2
senhan ra Na
2
SO
4
do ket tua trang cua BaSO
4

- Dung AgNO
3
ephan bi et NaCl do AgCl ket tua.
Bai tap 19
- Somol Na
2
O = 0,1 mol .
mol 2 , 0
160 . 100
16 . 200
4
CuSO
n = =
a/ Na
2
O + H
2
O 2NaOH
0,1 mol 0,2 mol
- Nong oX (tc dung dch NaOH) % 4
8 , 193 2 , 6
% 100 . 40 . 2 , 0
C =
+
=
b/ 2NaOH + CuSO
4
Cu(OH)
2
+ + Na
2
SO
4

0,2 mol 0,1 mol 0,1 mol
a = 0,1. 98 = 9,8g

c/ Cu(OH)
2
+
t
o
CuO + H
2
O
0,1 mol 0,1 mol
2HCl + CuO CuCl
2
+ H
2
O
0,2 mol 0,1mol

27
- Thetch dung dch HCl 2M : . l t 1 , 0
2
2 , 0
V
n
dd
V = = =
Bai tap 20
a/ Cho ttHCl vao Na
2
CO
3
th phan ng nh sau:
HCl + Na
2
CO
3
NaHCO
3
+ NaCl (1)
- Nhng theo au bai cokh bay ra nen phan ng ti ep:
HCl + NaHCO
3
NaCl + CO
2
+ H
2
O (2)
Muon phan ng (2) xay ra th x > y. Phan ng (1) sexay ra hoan
toan, si nh ra y mol NaHCO
3
. Do ebai cho x < 2y nen (2) xay ra
theo somol cua HCl con l ai .
Vay V = 22,4.(x y)
b/ Khi cho Na
2
CO
3
vao HCl :
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl + CO
2
+ H
2
O
1 mol 2 mol
y mol x mol
ebai cho x < 2y nen tnh somol kh si nh ra theo HCl :
l 4 , 22 .
y
x
1
V =
Bai tap 21
- Lam qui tm hoa o: NaHSO
4

- Lam qui tm hoa xanh: Na
2
CO
3
, Na
2
SO
3
, Na
2
S.
- Khong l am oi mau qui tm: BaCl
2
.
Dung NaHSO
4
cho vao 3 l oNa
2
CO
3
, Na
2
SO
3
, Na
2
S.
- LoNa
2
S: comui trng thoi bay ra do si nh kh H
2
S.
Na
2
S + NaHSO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
S |
- LoNa
2
SO
3
: kh comui hac do si nh kh SO
2
.
Na
2
SO
3
+ NaHSO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O + SO
2
|
- LoNa
2
CO
3
: bot kh khong mui .
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2NaHSO
4
2Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O + CO
2
|
Bai tap 22
- 2K + H
2
SO
4
K
2
SO
4
+ H
2
(1)
- Fe+ H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ H
2
(2)
- K + H
2
O KOH + H
2
(3)

28
Vay dung dch gi am khoi l ng l ado kh H
2
bay i .
A 02285 , 0
2
A 0457 , 0
2
H
n = =
Ta co100g dung dch gom C gam chat tan va(100 C) gam H
2
O.
- A gam dung dch gom
100
CA
gam chat tan va
100
A ). C 100 (
gam H
2
O.
- Somol chat tan ; mol
9800
CA
= somol H
2
O =
1800
A ). C 100 (
.
- Da vao (1), (2), (3) ta thay
2
O 2 H
n
axi t
n
2
H
n + =
- 0,025A mol
9800
CA
= +
1800
A ). C 100 (

- Suy ra C = 28%.
Bai tap 23
- Mg + 2HCl MgCl
2
+ H
2
| (1)
- Zn + 2HCl ZnCl
2
+ H
2
| (2)
- Neu l ng ki m l oai d th HCl phan ng het val ng H
2
thoat ra
l anh nhau do ocan van thang bang.
- Neu l ng HCl hai bnh eu d th ki m l oai t ac dung het.
Phan ng (1) thoat ra
24
a
mol H
2
.
Phan ng (2) thoat ra
65
a
mol H
2
.
Can khong con can bang nh cu.
Bai tap 24
Cho 3 l oai phan bon vao 3 ong nghi em cha dung dch Ca(OH)
2

c un nong nhe.
- Ong nghi em cokh khai bay ra l aNH
4
NO
3

Ca(OH)
2
+ 2NH
4
NO
3
2 NH
3
| + Ca(NO
3
)
2
+ 2H
2
O
- Ong nghi em coket tua trang l aCa(H
2
PO
4
)
2
.
Ca(OH)
2
+ Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ + 4H
2
O.
Bai tap 25
- Lng nhom oxi t cotrong 1 tan quang = 50%. 1 tan = 500kg.

29
2 Al
2
O
3

pnc
4Al + 3O
2
.
2. 102 4. 27
500kg xkg
- Theo l ythuyet l ng nhom thu c l a: kg 7 , 264
102 . 2
27 . 4 . 500
x = =
- Lng nhom thu c thc te: (1 0,025). 264,7 = 258 kg.
Bai tap 26
- Khoi l ng axi t sunf uri c: g 20
100
20 . 100
=
a) Phng trnh phan ng:
CuO + H
2
SO
4
CuSO
4
+ H
2
O
b) Tnh nong ophan tram cac chat:
CuO + H
2
SO
4
CuSO
4
+ H
2
O
80g 98g
1,6g 20g
- CuO thi eu, tnh cac chat theo CuO.
CuO + H
2
SO
4
CuSO
4
+ H
2
O
80g 98g 160g
1,6g ? ?
- Tnh khoi l ng H
2
SO
4
tham gi a phan ng: g 96 , 1
80
98 . 6 , 1
=
- Khoi l ng H
2
SO
4
sau phan ng: 20 1,96 = 18,04g
- Khoi l ng dung dch sau phan ng:
m
dd
= m
CuO
+ m
dd axi t
= 1,6 + 100=101.6g
- Phan tram khoi l ng H
2
SO
4
: % 75 , 17 100
6 , 101
04 , 18
~
- Khoi l ng CuSO
4
sau phan ng l a: g 2 , 3
80
160 . 6 , 1
=
- Phan tram khoi l ng CuSO
4
l a: % 15 , 3 100
6 , 101
2 , 3
~
Bai tap 27:
- Somol HCl : 0,2.3,5= 0,7mol .

30
CuO + 2HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
O
1mol 2mol
xmol 2x mol
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HCl 2FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
O
1mol 6mol
y mol 6y mol
b) Goi x, y l an l t l asomol CuO vaFe
2
O
3
trong 20g hon hp:
- Phng trnh khoi l ng hon hp: 80x + 160y = 20 (I )
- Phng trnh somol HCl : 2x + 6y = 0,7 (I I )
- Gi ai hephng trnh I , I I suy ra x = 0,05, y = 0,1
- Khoi l ng CuO: 0,05.80 = 4g
- Khoi l ng Fe
2
O
3
: 20 4 = 16g
Bai tap 28
Trong phan ng hoa hoc, neu ca2 chat tham gi a phan ng eu a
c cho bi et somol th somol cua san pham tao thanh tnh theo
somol chat thi eu. ebi et chat nao thi eu sau phan ng ta l am nh
sau:
Phng trnh phan ng (ptp):
aA + bB cC + dD
Theo ptp a(mol ) b(mol ) c(mol ) d(mol )
Theo ebai cho x(mol ) y(mol )
Ta l ap tso:
b
y
,
a
x

vaso sanh
- Neu
b
y
a
x
)
th sau phan ng chat A d (chat thi eu l aB)
- Neu
b
y
a
x
(
th sau phan ng chat B d ( chat thi eu l aA)
- Neu
b
y
a
x
=
th sau phan ng caA vaB eu het.
- Somol SO
2
: mol 005 , 0
4 , 22
112 , 0
=
- Somol Ca(OH)
2
: 0,7.0,01=0.007 mol


31

SO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaSO
3
+ H
2
O
1mol 1mol
0,005mol 0,007mol
b) So sanh:
1
007 , 0
1
005 , 0
(
SO
2
thieu, san pham tnh theo somol SO
2
.
SO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaSO
3
+ H
2
O
1mol 1mol 1mol
Phan ng: 0,005mol 0,005mol
Sau phan ng: 0mol 0,002mol 0,005mol
- Khoi l ng Ca(OH)
2
sau phan ng: 0,002. 74= 0,148g
- Khoi l ng CaSO
3
si nh ra: 0,005. 120=0,6g
Bai tap 29
Somol HCl : 3.0,1=0,3mol
a) Phng trnh hoa hoc:
ZnO + 2HCl ZnCl
2
+ H
2
O
xmol 2xmol
CuO + 2HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
O
ymol 2ymol
b) Gi assomol cua ZnO, CuO l ax, y
Ta cohephng trnh:
= +
= +
1 , 12 80 81
3 , 0 2 2
y x
y x
=
=
05 , 0
1 , 0
y
x

%ZnO = = = ~ 9 , 66 100 CuO % % 9 , 66 100 .
1 , 12
81 . 1 , 0
33,1%
c) Somol H
2
SO
4
can = somol HCl = 0,15 mol .
Khoi l ng H
2
SO
4
can: 0,15.98 = 14,7g
Khoi l ng dung dch H
2
SO
4
nong o20%: g 5 , 73 100 .
20
7 , 14
=
Bai tap 30
- Khi dung qui tm sephan thanh 2 nhom:

32
- Nhom 1: Ba(OH)
2
, NaOH qui tm hoa xanh.
- Nhom 2: Na
2
SO
4
, NaCl qui tm khong oi mau.
- Sau ocho cac nhom t ac dung v i nhau t a cobang sau:
Ba(OH)
2
NaOH
Na
2
SO
4
Tao ket tua trang: BaSO
4
Khong xay ra phan ng
NaCl Khong xay ra phan ng Khong xay ra phan ng
- Vay khi ol an l t nhom 1 vanhom 2, coc nao cohi en tng ket
t ua t r ang xuat hi en l a: nhom 1: Ba( OH)
2
, nhom 2: Na
2
SO
4

- Phan ng: Ba( OH)
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
BaSO
4
+ + 2NaOH
Bai tap 31
a) Ket tua trang xuat hi en
2AgNO
3
+ CaCl
2
2AgCl + + Ca(NO
3
)
2

b) Somol CaCl
2
vaAgNO
3
: mol 02 , 0
111
22 , 2
= , mol 01 , 0
170
7 , 1
=
2AgNO
3
+ CaCl
2
2AgCl + + Ca(NO
3
)
2

2mol 1mol 2mol 1mol
0,02mol 0.01mol 0,02mol 0,01mol
Lap tso:
1
01 , 0
2
02 , 0
= ,
phan ng u.
Chat ran si nh ra l aAgCl : m
AgCl
= 0,02.143.5=2,87g
c) Chat con l ai trong dung dch sau phan ng l a: Ca(NO
3
)
2
: 0,01mol
Thetch dung dch sau phan ng: 70 + 30 =100ml
Nong omol cua Ca(NO
3
)
2
:
M 1 , 0
1 , 0
01 , 0
M
C = =


1
CHNG I I
K I M L OAI
A. TOM TAT K I EN THC
- n chat l achat do mot nguyen tohoa hoc cau tao nen.
- n chat co2 l oai l a: ki m l oai vaphi ki m.
I . Tnh chat vat lycua kim loai
- dang t do vai eu ki en thng l achat ran (trthuyngan l a
chat l ong).
- Tnh deo: ki m l oai cotheren, keo si , dat mong
- Tnh dan i en
- Tnh dan nhi et: ki m l oai cotnh dan i en tot thng dan nhi et tot.
- Tnh anh ki m: ng dung l am otrang sc.
I I . Tnh chat hoa hoc cua kim loai
1. Tac dung vi phi kim
Phan l n ki m l oai tac dung vi oxi tao thanh oxi t, vi phi ki m tao
thanh muoi .
a) Tac dung vi oxi

K, Na, Ba, Ca, Mg, Al Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb, Cu, Hg Ag, Pt, Au
- Phan ng khong eu
ki en.
- ot: chay sang.
- Phan ng khi nung.
- ot: khong chay, tr
sat.
Khong phan
ng

V du: 4Na + O
2
2Na
2
O (natri oxi t)
b) K im loai khi un nong vi lu huynh tao thanh sunfua kim loai.
V du: Fe + S FeS (sat (I I ) sunf ua)
c) Tat cacac kim loai eu phan ng vi clo
V du: 2Fe + 3Cl
2
2FeCl
3
(sat (I I I ) cl orua)
2. Day hoat ong cua kim loai
- Ngi ta sap xep day hoat ong ki m l oai nh sau:
K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al , Zn, Fe, Ni , Sn, Pb, H, Cu, Ag, Hg, Pt, Au.
- Tnh ki m gi am dan ttrai sang phai .

2
- Cac ki m l oai manh nh: K, Na, Ca tac dung vi nc nhi et o
thng tao thanh ki em vakh H
2
.
V du: 2Na + 2H
2
O 2NaOH + H
2

3. K im loai tac dung vi axit
- Nhng ki m l oai ng trc hi dro trong day hoat ong hoa hoc tac
dung vi dung dch axi t tao muoi vakh hi dro (traxi t HNO
3
va
H
2
SO
4
am ac).
V du: Fe + HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2

Chuy: cac ki m l oai nhi eu hoa trsetao muoi hoa hoa trthap.
V du: sat cohoa trI I vaI I I nhng:
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
4. K im loai tac dung vi dung dch muoi tao thanh muoi mi vakim
loai mi.
- TMg vesau trong day hoat ong hoa hoc, ki m l oai ng trc
ay ki m l oai ng sau ra khoi dung dch muoi .
V du: Fe + CuS FeS + Cu
Chuy: i eu ki en thng cac ki m l oai Li , K, Ba, Ca, Na phan
ng vi nc tao baz vagi ai phong kh hi dro.

I I I . Nhng kim loai quan t r ong
1. Nhom
- K hi eu hoa hoc: Al
- Nguyen tkhoi : 27
- Ten goi : nhom
a) Tnh chat vat ly
Nhom l aki m l oai mau tr ang bac, coanh ki m, khoi l ng r i eng
d = 2,7g/cm
3
, nong chay 660
o
C, dedat mong, dan nhi et, dan i en
tot chkem hn ong vabac.

3
b) Tnh chat hoa hoc
Nhom l aki m l oai ng trc hi dro.
- Tac dung vi phi ki m.
V du: 2Al + 3Cl
2
2Al Cl
3
(nhom cl orua)
- Tac dung vi axi t HCl , H
2
SO
4
l oang gi ai phong kh hi dro
V du: 2Al + 6HCl 2Al Cl
3
+ 3H
2
- Tac dung vi axi t HNO
3
l oang tao kh N
2
O
V du: 8Al + 30HNO
3
8Al (NO
3
)
3
+ 3N
2
O

+ 15H
2
O
- Al khong tac dung vi axi t HNO
3
va

H
2
SO
4
ac nguoi .
- Tac dung vi muoi .
V du: 2Al + 3ZnCl
2
2Al Cl
3
+ 3Zn
- Tnh chat ac bi et cua nhom l atac dung vi dung dch baz gi ai
phong kh hi dro.
V du: 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H
2
O 2NaAl O
2
+ 3H
2

c) San xuat
i en phan nong chay quang boxi t cothanh phan chuyeu l aAl
2
O
3

2Al
2
O
3
4Al + 3 O
2
d) ng dung
- Dung l am day dan i en..
- odung gi a nh..
2. Sat
- K hi eu hoa hoc: Fe
- Nguyen tkhoi : 56
- Ten goi : sat
a) Tnh chat vat ly
Sat l aki m l oai mau trang hi xam, khoi l ng ri eng d = 7,9g/cm
3
,
nong chay 1539
o
C, cotnh nhi em t.
b) Tnh chat hoa hoc: sat l aki m l oai ng trc hi dro.
- Tac dung vi phi ki m.
V du: 2Fe + 3Cl
2
2FeCl
3
Fe + S FeS
3Fe + 2O
2
Fe
3
O
4
(oxi t sat t)
pnc

4
- Tac dung vi axi t HCl , H
2
SO
4
l oang gi ai phong kh hi ro
V du: Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
- Tac dung vi axi t HNO
3
l oang tao kh NO
V du: Fe + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO

+ 2H
2
O
- Fe khong tac dung vi axi t HNO
3
va

H
2
SO
4
ac nguoi .
- Tac dung vi muoi .
V du: Fe + CuCl
2
FeCl
2
+ Cu
3. ieu chekim loai
- Dung kim loai ng trc ay kim loai ng sau ra khoi dung dch muoi .
V du: Fe + CuCl
2
FeCl
2
+ Cu
- i en phan nong chay oxi t tng ng.
2Al
2
O
3

pnc
4Al + 3 O
2
- Dung CO khoxi t tng ng.
FeO + CO Fe + CO
2
I V Hp kim cua sat
1. Gang
Gang l ahp ki m cua sat vi cacbon trong oham l ng cacbon
2 6%, ngoai ra con mot songuyen tokhac.
- Gang cohai l oai : gang xam vagang trang.
- San xuat: dung CO khquang sat nhi et ocao.
2. Thep
Thep l ahp ki m cua sat vi cacbon trong oham l ng cacbon
nhohn 2%, ngoai ra con mot songuyen tokhac. Neu cac nguyen
tokhac l aNi , Cr ta cothep khong r(i nox).
- San xuat: oxi hoa gang el oai phan l n cacbon, mangan, si l i c,
photpho l u huynh.
- FeO cotrong quang seoxi hoa cacbon, mangan, si l i c, photpho l u
huynh thanh cac oxi t. Chung tach ra khoi gang di dang xi hoac
kh thai .
V. An mon kim loai
1. Thenao laan mon kim loai

5
Sphahuy ki m l oai do tac dung hoa hoc cua moi trng goi l as
an mon ki m l oai .
2. V sao kim loai ban mon
Nguyen nhan: ki m l oai tac dung vi nhng chat manoti ep xuc
trong moi trng.
Nhng yeu toanh hng en an mon ki m l oai :
- Thanh phan cac chat trong moi trng.
- Nhi et ocua moi trng.
3. Bao vekim loai khoi san mon
- Khong cho ki m l oai ti ep xuc vi moi trng.
- Chetao nhng hp ki m t ban mon hoa hoc.
Cau 1: Ki m l oai nao sau ay dan i en tot nhat:
a) Cu b) Al
c) Pb d) Ba
Cau 2: Dung cubang vat l i eu nao sau ay khong nen dung cha dung
dch baz:
a) Cu b) Al
c) Pb d) Ba
Cau 3: Trong cac ki m l oai sau, ki m l oai nao hoat ong manh nhat:
a) Cu b) Al
c) Pb d) Ba
Cau 4: Nhom vasat khong phan ng vi :
a) Dung dch baz b) Dung dch HCl
c) HNO
3
vaH
2
SO
4
ac, nguoi d) HNO
3
ac, nong
Cau 5: Dung dch ZnCl
2
col an CuCl
2
. Ki m l oai nao sau ay dung l am
sach dung dch ZnCl
2
:
a) Ba b) Cu

c) Mg d) Zn
Cau 6: Cac cap sau cap nao xay ra phan ng:
a) Cu + ZnCl
2
b) Zn + CuCl
2

c) Ca + ZnCl
2
d) Zn + ZnCl
2

Cau 7: Nhom ki m l oai nao cothetac dung vi nc nhi et othng:

6
a) Cu, Ca, K, Ba b) Zn, Li , Na, Cu
c) Ca, Mg, Li , Zn d) K, Na, Ca, Ba

Cau 8: ei eu cheki m l oai cothe:
a) i en phan nong chay cac hp chat oxi t tng ng.
b) Dung CO khcac hp chat oxi t.
c) Caa, b eu ung.
d) Caa, b eu sai .
Cau 9: Co3 l okhong nhan, moi l ong mot trong cac chat ran sau: Cu,
Mg, Al . Thuoc thenhan bi et 3 chat tren l a:
a) Lan l t NaOH vaHCl
b) Lan l t l aHCl vaH
2
SO
4
c) Lan l t NaOH vaH
2
SO
4
ac nong
d) Tat a, b, c eu ung.
Cau 10 Cac cap sau cap nao xay ra phan ng:
a) Cu + HCl b) Al + H
2
SO
4 ac nguoi
c) Al + ZnCl
2
d) Fe + H
2
SO
4 ac nguoi
Cau 11: Nhng tnh chat vat l yac trng cua ki m l oai :
a) Coanh ki m, nhi et onong chay cao.
b) Dan nhi et, dan i en, oran cao.
c) oran cao, khoi l ng ri eng l n.
d) Coanh ki m, dan nhi et, dan i en.
Cau 12: Chon menh eung:
a) Tat cacac ki m l oai eu khong phan ng vi dung dch baz.
b) Tat cacac ki m l oai eu khong phan ng vi dung dch axi t.
c) Al , Zn phan ng vi dung dch baz
d) Tat cacac menh etren eu sai .
Cau 13: Menh enao sau ay ung:
a) An mon ki m l oai l asphahuy ki m l oai do sti ep xuc vi axi t.
b) An mon ki m l oai l asphahuy ki m l oai do chat kh hoac hi
nc nhi et ocao.
c) An mon ki m l oai l asphahuy ki m l oai hay hp ki m di tac

7
dung hoa hoc cua moi trng xung quanh.
d) An mon ki m l oai l asphahuy kim l oai do sti ep xuc vi oxi .

Cau 14: Trong cac kim loai Cu, Na, Mg, Ni, Ag, Zn. Hai kim loai nao dan ien tot nhat:
a) Cu, Na b) Zn, Ag
c) Mg, Ni d) Cu, Ag
Cau 15: Day cac ki m l oai sau ay sap xep theo chi eu hoat ong ki m
l oai tang dan:
a) Fe, Cu, K, Mg, Al , Ba b) Cu, Fe, Zn, Al , Mg, K

c) Mg, K, Fe, Cu, Na d) Zn, Cu, K, Mg
Cau 16: Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng cua sat:
a) Tac dung vi axi t, oxi t axi t, baz, muoi .
b) Tac dung vi axi t, oxi t axi t, HNO
3
ac nguoi , tac dung vi muoi .
c) Tac dung vi axi t, oxi t axi t, khong tac dung HNO
3
ac nguoi ,
tac dung vi muoi .
d) Tac dung vi axi t, oxi t axi t, khong tac dung HNO
3
l oang, tac
dung vi muoi .
a) Thep l ahp chat cua sat vacacbon.
b) I nox l ahp ki m cua sat vi cacbon vacac nguyen tokhac
l a: Ni , Cr
c) Thep l ahp ki m cua sat vi cacbon vacac nguyen tokhac
nh: Si , Mn, S..
d) Cac menh etren eu ung.
Cau 18: Cac nhom ki m l oai nao sau ay phan ng vi HCl si nh ra kh H
2
:
a) Fe, Cu, K, Ag, Al , Ba b) Cu, Fe, Zn, Al , Mg, K

c) Mg, K, Fe, Al , Na d) Zn, Cu, K, Mg, Ag, Al , Ba
Cau 19: Ki m l oai nao sau ay dung l am sach dung dch ong ni trat co
l an bac ni trat:
a) Fe b) K

c) Cu d) Ag
Cau 20: Hp ki m l a:
a) Hp chat cua sat vi cacbon vacac nguyen tokhac.

8
b) Chat ran thu c sau khi cho sat tac dung vi cacbon.

c) Chat ran thu c khi l am nguoi hon hp nong chay nhi eu ki m
l oai khac nhau hoac ki m l oai vaphi ki m.
d) Chat ran thu c khi l am nguoi hon hp nong chay cua sat va
cacbon.

Bai tap 1
Neu phng phap nhan bi et 4 l o khong nhan ng cac dung dch
sau: CuSO
4
, AgNO
3
, HCl vaNaCl .
Bai tap 2
Cho 2,5g hon hp hai ki m l oai l aZn vaAl tac dung vi dung dch
H
2
SO
4
l oang d, thu c 1792ml kh (ktc). Tnh khoi l ng tng
ki m l oai trong hon hp.
Bai tap 3
Cho 27,36g muoi sunf at cua ki m l oai Y tac dung va uvi 416g
dung dch BaCl
2
nong o12%. Loc boket tuathu c 800ml
dung dch muoi cl orua 2M cua ki m l oai Y. Xac nh A.
Bai tap 4
Tm cong thc cua muoi sat cl orua bi et rang khi hoa tan 3,25g
muoi nay vao dung dch bac ni trat d th thu c 8,61g ket tua.
Bai tap 5
Cho 2g hon hp gom Fe vamot ki m l oai Z hoa trI I vao dung dch
HCl d th thu c 1,12 l t kh (ktc). Xac nh ki m l oai Z bi et
rang 500ml dung dch HCl hoa tan d 4,8g ki m l oai o.
Bai tap 6
Mot l o ng 50ml bac ni trat c cho vao mot mi eng ong. Sau
phan ng em mi eng ong i can thay khoi l ng tang them 3,12
gam. Hay xac nh nong omol dung dch bac ni trat.


9
Bai tap 7
a/ Tm cong thc phan tcua mot oxt sat bi et rang sau khi kh
16g oxi t sat nay bang CO nhi et ocao th khoi l ng chat ran
gi am 4,8g.
b/ Kh si nh ra c dan vao bnh ng NaOH d. Hoi khoi l ng
cua bnh thay oi nh thenao?
c/ Tnh thetnh CO can dung trong trng hp tren bi et hi eu suat
sdung CO chat 80%.
Bai tap 8
Cho thanh ki m l oai A (hoa tr2) vao dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
th sau
phan ng khoi l ng thanh gi am 0,2%. Cung thanh ki m l oai tren
neu cho vao dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
th khoi l ng l ai tang 28,4%.
Xac nh ki m l oai A.
Bai tap 9
Hoatan hoan toan a gam ki m l oai M cohoa trkhong oi vao b
gam dung dch HCl c dung dch D. Them 240g dung dch
NaHCO
3
7% vao D th tac dung va uvi l ng HCl d, thu
c dung dch E trong onong ophan tram cua NaCl vamuoi
cl orua ki m l oai M tng ng l a2,5% va8,12%. Them ti ep l ng
dung dch NaOH vao E sau ol oc l ay ket tua, roi nung en khoi
l ng khong oi th thu c 16 gam chat ran. Vi et cac phng
trnh phan ng.
Xac nh ki m l oai M vanong ophan tram cua dung dch HCl a
dung.
(Trch ethi tuyen si nh vao l p 10 chuyen Hoa trng H KHTN
nam 2001).
Bai tap 10
Phan bi et cac chat ran: Na
2
O, Al
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, Al . i eu ki en ch
c dung nc.

Bai tap 11

10
Hoa tan 13,2g hon hp X gom hai ki m l oai cocung hoa tr vao
200ml dung dch HCl 3M. Cocan dung dch sau phan ng thu
c 22,06g hon hp muoi khan.
a/ Hoi hai ki m l oai cotan het khong ?
b/ Tnh thetch hi dro si nh ra.
Bai tap 12
Hoa tan het 11,2g hon hp gom hai ki m l oai X (hoa trx) vaY
(hoa try) trong dung dch HCl roi sau ococan dung dch thu
c 39,6g muoi khan.
Thetch kh hi dro si nh ra l a:
a. 17,92 l t b. 0,896 l t c. 0,86 l t d. 0,698 l t
Bai tap 13
Hon hp X gom 2 ki m l oai Mg vaZn. Y l adung dch H
2
SO
4
co
nong ox mol /l .
Trng hp 1: cho 24,3g (X) vao 2 l t (Y) si nh ra 8,96 l t kh H
2
.
Trng hp 2: cho 24,3g (X) vao 3 l t (Y) si nh ra 11,2 l t kh H
2
.
Hay chng mi nh trong trng hp 1 th hon hp ki m l oai cha tan
het, trong trng hp 2 axi t con d.
Tnh nong ox mol /l cua dung dch (Y) va% khoi l ng moi ki m
l oai trong X (cho bi et kh H
2
si nh ra ktc)
Bai tap 14
Th nghi em 1: cho a gam Fe hoa tan trong dung dch HCl , sau khi
cocan dung dch thu c 3,1 gam chat ran.
Th nghi em 2: cho a gam Fe vab gam Mg vao dung dch HCl
(cung vi l ng nh tren) sau khi cocan dung dch th thu c
3,34g chat ran va448ml H
2
.
Tnh a, b vakhoi l ng cua cac muoi .
Bai tap 15
Cho 13g hon hp A gom Al , Mg vaCu vao dung dch HCl d,
phan ng xong thu c 4 gam chat ran khong tan va10,08 l t kh
H
2
(ktc). Tnh thanh phan phan tram theo khoi l ng cua tng ki m
l oai trong hon hp.
Bai tap 16

11
Lay 20,05 gam hon hp Al + Fe
2
O
3
cho tac dung vi axi t sunf uri c
l oang, d th co5,04 l t kh si nh ra. Tron 20,05g hon hp au trong
bnh kn roi nung nong ethc hi en phan ng nhi et nhom.
(Thetch kh o ktc). Tnh khoi l ng cac chat thu c sau
phan ng nhi et nhom.
Bai tap 17
Tnh nong omol dung dch HCl bi et rang 200ml dung dch axi t
nay tac dung va uvi 6 gam hon hp CaCO
3
vaCaSO
4
th thu
c 448ml kh (ktc). Phan tram moi muoi l atrong hon hp l a
bao nhi eu?
Bai tap 18
Mot hon hp 4,15g cha Fe vaAl tac dung vi 200ml dung dch
CuSO
4
0,525M. Khuay kyephan ng xay ra hoan toan. Thu
c ket tua gom hai ki m l oai cokhoi l ng 7,48g. Tm somol
cac ki m l oai trong hon hp ban au vatrong ket tua.
Bai tap 19
KhX gam oxi t sat bang kh H
2
nong d. Hi nc tao ra cho hap
thu vao100g dung dch axi t H
2
SO
4
98% th nong oaxi t gi am i
3,405%. Dung dung dch H
2
SO
4
l oang hoa tan het chat ran thu
c th co3,36 l t kh H
2
(ktc) bay ra. Xac nh cong thc cua
oxi t sat.
Bai tap 20
Neu phng phap hoa hoc enhan bi et 3 l o ng hon hp dang
bot b mat nhan nh sau: (Al + Al
2
O
3
), (Fe + Fe
2
O
3
) va(FeO +
Fe
2
O
3
).
Bai tap 21
TMg i eu che: MgO, MgSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
, MgS, MgCl
2

Bai tap 22
Ngam mot l aong trong 20ml dung dch bac ni trat cho en khi
ong khong thetan them c na. Lay l aong ra, ra nhe, l am
khovacan th khoi l ng l aong tang them 1,52g. Hay xac nh

12
nong omol cua dung dch bac ni trat adung (gi athi et toan bo
bac gi ai phong ra bam het vao l aong).
Bai tap 23
Ngam mot l asat trong 100ml dung dch ong ni trat cho en khi
sat khong thetan them c na. Lay l asat ra, ra nhe, l am kho
vacan th khoi l ng l asat tang them 1,6g. Hay xac nh nong o
mol cua dung dch ong ni trat adung (gi athi et toan boong gi ai
phong ra bam het vao l asat).
Bai tap 24
Vi et phng trnh hoa hoc:
a) i eu cheCuSO
4
tCu
b) MgCl
2
tMg, MgSO
4
, MgO, MgCO
3
Bai tap 25
Cho 10,5g hon hp 2 ki m l oai Cu, Zn vao dung dch H
2
SO
4
l oang
d, ngi ta thu c 2,24 l i t kh (ktc)
b) Tnh khoi l ng chat ran con l ai sau phan ng.
Bai tap 26
exac nh thanh phan phan tram khoi l ng cua hon hp A gom
bot nhom vabot magi e, ngi ta thc hi en hai th nghi em sau:
Th nghi em 1: cho mg hon hp A tac dung vi dung dch H
2
SO
4

l oang d, ngi ta thu c 1568ml kh (ktc)
Th nghi em 2: cho mg hon hp A tac dung vi NaOH d, sau phan
ng thay co0,6g chat ran.
Tnh thanh phan phan tram khoi l ng cac chat trong phan ng.

Bai tap 27
Tnh khoi l ng quang hemati te cha 60% Fe
2
O
3
can thi et esan
xuat c mot tan gang cha 95% Fe. Bi et hi eu suat quatrnh 80%.
Bai tap 28

13
Ngam mot l asat cokhoi l ng 2,5g trong 25ml dung dch CuSO
4

15% cokhoi l ng ri eng l a1,12g/ml . Sau thi gi an phan ng,
ngi ta l ay l asat ra ra nhe, l am khoth can nang 2,56g.
b) Tnh nong ophan tram cua cac chat trong dung dch sau phan ng.
Bai tap 29
Cho 0,83g hon hp gom nhom vasat tac dung vi dung dch
H
2
SO
4
l oang d, ngi ta thu c 0,56l i t kh (ktc)
b) Tnh thanh phan phan tram theo khoi l ng cua moi ki m l oai
trong hon hp au.
Bai tap 30
Cho 10g dung dch muoi sat cl orua 32,5% tac dung vi dung dch
bac ni trat d th tao thanh 8,61g ket tua. Hay tm cong thc cua
muoi sat adung.
Bai tap 31
Cothel oai bocac kh oc: HCl , H
2
S, SO
2
, CO
2
bang chat nao:
nc voi trong, dung dch HCl , dung dch NaCl , nc. Vi et phng
trnh phan ng.
D. AP AN CAU TRAC NGHI EM
Cau 1: Ki m l oai nao sau ay dan i en tot nhat:
a) Cu
Cau 2: Dung cubang vat l i eu nao sau ay khong nen dung cha dung
dch baz:
b) Al
Cau 3: Trong cac ki m l oai sau ki m l oai nao hoat ong manh nhat:
d) Ba
Cau 4: Nhom vasat khong phan ng vi :
c) HNO
3
vaH
2
SO
4
ac, nguoi
Cau 5: Dung dch ZnCl
2
col an CuCl
2
. Ki m l oai nao sau ay dung l am
sach dung dch ZnCl
2
:
d) Zn
Cau 6: Cac cap sau cap nao xay ra phan ng:

14
b) Zn + CuCl
2

Cau 7: Nhom ki m l oai nao cothetac dung vi nc nhi et othng:
d) K, Na, Ca, Ba
Cau 8: ei eu cheki m l oai cothe:
c) Caa, b eu ung.
Cau 9: Co3 l okhong nhan, moi l ong mot trong cac chat ran sau:
Cu, Mg, Al . Thuoc thenhan bi et 3 chat tren l a:
a) Lan l t NaOH vaHCl
Cau 10 Cac cap sau cap nao xay ra phan ng:
c) Al + ZnCl
2

Cau 11: Nhng tnh chat vat l yac trng cua ki m l oai :
d) Coanh ki m, dan nhi et, dan i en.
c) Al , Zn phan ng vi dung dch baz
Cau 13: Menh enao sau ay ung:
c) An mon ki m l oai l asphahuy ki m l oai hay hp ki m di tac
dung hoa hoc cua moi trng xung quanh.
Cau 14: Trong cac ki m l oai Cu, Na, Mg, Ni , Ag, Zn. Hai ki m l oai nao
dan i en tot nhat:
d) Cu, Ag
Cau 15: Day cac ki m l oai sau ay sap xep theo chi eu hoat ong ki m
l oai tang dan:
b) Cu, Fe, Zn, Al , Mg, K

Cau 16: Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng cua sat:
c) Tac dung vi axi t, oxi t axi t, khong tac dung HNO
3
ac nguoi ,
tac dung vi muoi .
b) Inox l ahp ki m cua sat vi cacbon vacac nguyen tokhac l a Ni , Cr
Cau 18: Cac nhom ki m l oai nao sau ay phan ng vi HCl si nh ra kh H
2
:
c) Mg, K, Fe, Al , Na
Cau 19: Ki m l oai nao sau ay dung l am sach dung dch ong ni trat co
l an bac ni trat:

15
c) Cu
Cau 20: Hp ki m l a:
a) Chat ran thu c khi l am nguoi hon hp nong chay nhi eu ki m
l oai khac nhau hoac ki m l oai vaphi ki m.

E. GI AI BAI TAP C BAN VANANG CAO
Bai tap 1
- Lan 1: dung Cu nhan bi et c AgNO
3

Cu + AgNO
3
Cu (NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag +
- Lan 2: dung Fe enhan bi et 3 dung dch con l ai .
+ Cobot kh bay ra l adung dch HCl :
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
|
+ Coki m l oai mau oxuat hi en l adung dch CuSO
4
.
CuSO
4
+ Fe FeSO
4
+ Cu +
+ Khong cohi en tng g l adung dch NaCl .
Bai tap 2
Zn + H
2
SO
4
ZnSO
4
+ H
2
. (1)
3Al + 3 H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3 H
2
(2)
- Somol kh H
2
thu c: 08 , 0
22400
1792
2
H
n = = mol
- Goi a vab l an l t l asomol Zn vaAl trong hon hp.
- T(10 va(2) ta co:
3
a b 0, 08
2
+ =
65a + 27 b = 2,5
- Gi ai hephng trnh etm a, b roi totnh khoi lng tng ki m l oai .

Bai tap 3
- Somol BaCl
2
= 0,24 mol .
- Somol muoi cl orua cua Y = 0,16 mol .
- Goi hoa trcua Y l aa.
Y
2
(SO
4
)
a
+ a BaCl
2
2YCl
a
+ a BaSO
4
+
0,08 0,24 mol 0,16 mol
a 2

16
Vay 3
16 , 0
24 , 0 . 2
a = =
- Somol muoi sunf at l a0,08 mol
- Ta co: 2Y + 288 = 342
08 , 0
36 , 27
=
Vay Y = 27 tc nhom.
Bai tap 4
- Goi hoa trcua Fe l ax.
FeCl
x
+ x AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
x
+ xAgCl +
- Somol AgCl si nh ra = 0,06 mol .
- Ta co(56 + 35,5x) gam FeCl
x
tham gi a phan ng th cox mol
AgCl tao thanh.
- Tng t3,25 g muoi tao thanh 0,06 mol ket tua.
Vay 3,25. x = (56 + 35,5x)
x = 3. Vay muoi ol aFeCl
3
.
Bai tap 5
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
|
a mol a mol
Z + 2HCl ZCl
2
+ H
2
|
b mol b mol
-
2
H
1,12
n a b 0, 05
22, 4
= + = = (1)
- 56a + Zb = 4 (2)
- T(1) va(2) gi ai c
0, 8
b
56 Z
=

- V 0 < b < 0,05 nen Z < 40.
- Z cohoa tr2 nen chcoMg (M=24) l aung.
Bai tap 6
Cu + 2AgNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag+
1 mol 2 mol 2 mol
64g 216g
- Somol AgNO
3
tham gi a phan ng: 04 , 0 2 .
64 216
04 , 3
n =
= mol

17
- Nong omol dung dch: 8 , 0
05 , 0
04 , 0
M
C = = M.
Bai tap 7
a/ Fe
x
O
y
xFe +
2
y
O
2

- Khoi l ng chat ran gi am l achnh l agi am l ng oxi .
Trong (56x + 16y)g oxit th coy/2 mol phan toxi tc y mol
nguyen toxi.
- Somol nguyen toxi trong 16g oxi t l a: 3 , 0
16
8 , 4
= mol .
0,3.(56x + 16y) = 16y
3
2
=
y
x

Vay oxi t can tm l a: Fe
2
O
3
.
b/ Phng trnh phan ng:
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 3CO
t
o
3CO
2
+ 2Fe.
2 3
16
n Fe O 0, 1
160
= = mol ; 3 , 0
CO
n
2
CO
n = = mol
Kh CO
2
si nh ra c hap thu vao bnh.
Khoi l ng bnh tang = 0,3 . 44 =13,2g.
c/ V hi eu suat sdung CO chat 80% nen can l ay d 20% CO.
Somol CO can dung l a: 0,3.(1 + 0,2) = 0,36 mol .
V
CO
= 0,36 . 22,4 = 8,064 l t.
Bai tap 8
A + Cu(NO
3
)
2
A(NO
3
)
2
+ Cu. (1)
A + Pb(NO
3
)
2
A(NO
3
)
2
+ Pb. (2)
- S tang gi am khoi l ng thanh ki m l oai l ado s thay thecua A
vao muoi vaay ki m l oai ra dang tdo.
- Goi a l asomol cua A.
(1) a(A 64) = 0,2.
(2) a(207 A) = 28,4.
Gi ai hephng trnh ta c: a = 0,2mol ; A = 65.
Vay A l aZn.
Bai tap 9

18
- Somol NaHCO
3
= 0,2 mol .
- Goi hoa trM l aa.
2M + 2aHCl 2MCl
a
+ a H
2
|
NaHCO
3
+ HCl NaCl + CO
2
| + H
2
O.
0,2 mol 0,2 mol 0,2 mol
- mNaCl = 0,2. 58,5 = 11,7g tng ng 2,5%.
- Khoi l ng dung dch E = 468 7 , 11 .
25
100
= g
- mMCl
a
= 8,12% = 8,12%. 468 = 38g.
- Cho NaOH vao E roi thu ket tua em nung di en ti en theo chuoi
phan ng: MCl
a
M(OH)
a
M
2
O
a

- Chat ran thu c l aM
2
O
a
khoi l ng 16g.
- Ta thay 2MCl
a
M
2
O
a
cho somol M
2
O
a
=
a a a
4 , 0
16 71
16 38
=
mol
Vay x =2, M=24 (Mg) th thoa man.
- Lng dung dch HCl = l ng dd E + l ng H
2
| + l ng CO
2
|
l ng dd NaHCO
3
l ng M.
- Ta co: somol M = 0,4; somol H
2
= 0,4; somol CO
2
= 0,2.
khoi l ng dd HCl = 228g.
Somol HCl = 0,2 + 0,4 . 2 = 1 mol .
C% HCl = 16%.

Bai tap 10
- Lan 1: dung nc tm ra c Na
2
O v chat nay tan trong nc.
Na
2
O + 2H
2
O 2NaOH.
- Lan 2: dung NaOH va tao thanh cho tac dung vi cac chat con l ai.
Al phan ng tao kh.
2NaOH + 2Al + 2 H
2
O 2NaAl O
2
+ 3H
2
|
+ Chat ran tan l aAl
2
O
3

Al
2
O
3
+ 2NaOH 2NaAl O
2
+ H
2
O
+ Chat ran khong tan l aFe
3
O
4
.
Bai tap 11

19
- Goi M vaN l ak hi eu cua 2 ki m l oai vax, y l asomol cua 2 ki m
l oai . n l ahoa tr.
2M + 2nHCl 2MCl
n
+ nH
2

x 2nx x 0,5nx
2N + 2nHCl 2NCl
n
+ nH
2

y 2ny y 0,5ny
n
HCl
= 0,2 x 3 = 0,6 mol = 2n(x+y)
- Theo ebai , ta co: (N + 35,5n)y + (M + 35,5n)x = 22,6
(Ny + Mx) + 35,5n(x + y) = 32,7
Ny + Mx = 11,41< 13,2
- Nen hon hp X khong tan het trong dung dch HCl

2
H
V = 22,4 x 0,5n(x+y) = 3,36 l t
Bai tap 12
- Goi Z l ak hi eu chung cua X vaY cohoa trtrung bnh l an vaa
l atong somol cua 2 ki m l oai , phng trnh phan ng:
Z + nHCl ZCl
n
+ n/2H
2

a an a 0,5an
- Theo ebai ta cohephng trnh:
= +
=
6 , 39 a ) n . 5 , 35 Z (
2 , 11 Za

- Gi ai hephng trnh nay ta cona = 0,8
- Theo phng trnh phan ng
2
8 , 0
2
na
2
H
n = = = 0,4 mol
- Thetch kh hi ro :
2
H
V = 0,4. 22,4 = 0,896 l t. Vay b ung.
Bai tap 13
- Phng trnh phan ng khi cho (X) vao dung dch (Y):
M + H
2
SO
4
MSO
4
+ H
2

- Trng hp 1: 24,3g X vao 2 l t Y, si nh ra 8,96 l t H
2
(0,4 mol ) (1)
- Trng hp 2: 24,3g X vao 3 l t Y, si nh ra 11,2 l t H
2
(0,5 mol ). (2)
- Nh vay khi hoa tan cung mot l ng X vao dung dch Y vi
4
SO
2
H
n (2) =
2
3
4
SO
2
H
n (1) th
2
H
n (2) =
2
3
2
H
n (1) = 0,6 mol .

20
Nhng thc tenH
2
(2) chbang 0,5 mol nen trong trng hp 1, X
con d; con trng hp 2 th axi t con d.
- Trng hp 1:
4
SO
2
H
n =
2
H
n (1) = 0,4 mol .
C
M
=
2
4 , 0
= 0,2 mol /l
- Trng hp 2: goi a, b l an l t l asomol Mg vaZn trong 24,3g
hon hp. Ta co: n
hon hp X
=
2
H
n
(1)
= 0,5 mol .

a b 0, 5
24a 65b 24, 3
+ =
+ =
=
=
mol 3 , 0 b
mol 2 , 0 a

= =
= =
%) 25 , 80 Zn (% g 5 , 19
Zn
m
%) 75 , 19 Mg (% g 8 , 4
Mg
m

Bai tap 14
- th nghi em 1: Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2

1mol 2mol 1mol 1mol
- Neu Fe het th somol chat ran l aFeCl
2

2
FeCl
n = 0,024mol =
2
H
n
- th nghi em 2: Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
(1)
Mg + 2HCl MgCl
2
+ H
2
(2)
- Somol H
2
si nh ra tcahai phan ng:
2
H
n = 02 , 0
4 , 22
448 , 0
= mol
Ngoai a mol Fe nh th nghi em 1 l ai them b mol Mg machgi ai
phong 0,02 mol H
2
nhohn somol H
2
cua th nghi em 1 chng to
dung dch chcha 0,04 mol axi t HCl vasuy ngc l ath nghi em 1
d Fe.
- Th nghi em 1: Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2

0,02mol 0,04mol 0,02 mol 0,02 mol
(127. 0,02) + m
Fe d
= 3,1 m
Fe d
= 56g = 0,01 mol
- mFe = (0,02 + 0,01). 56 = 1,68g
- Th nghi em 2: gi aschcoMg tham gi a phan ng:
Mg + 2HCl MgCl
2
+ H
2

0,02 mol 0,02 mol
mMgCl
2
= 95. 0,02 = 1,9g
m
chat ran
= 1,68 + 1,9 = 3,58g > 3,34 gi athi et sai .

21
Mg + 2HCl MgCl
2
+ H
2

x mol 2x mol x mol x mol
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2

y mol 2y mol y mol y mol
x y 0, 02mol
95x 127y 1, 68 56y 3, 34
+ =
+ + =

x 0, 01
y 0, 01
=

a = (0,02 + 0,01).56 = 1,68g
b = 0,01 .24 = 0,24g
2
FeCl
m th nghi em 1: 0,02 . 127 = 2,54 g.
2
MgCl
m th nghi em 2: 0,01 . 95 = 0,95 g.
2
FeCl
m th nghi em 2: 0,01 . 127 = 1,27 g.
Bai tap 15
- 2Al + 6HCl 2Al Cl
3
+ H
2
| (1)
Mg + 2HCl 2MgCl
2
+ H
2
| (2)
- Cu khong tac dung nen chat ran thu c l aCu.
- Khoi l ng Al vaMg l a: 13 4 = 9 g.
2
H
10, 08
n 0, 45mol
22, 4
= =
Goi a vab l asomol Al vaMg.
= +
= +
45 , 0 b a
2
3
9 b 24 a 27

=
=
15 , 0 b
2 , 0 a

% 77 , 30 % 100 .
13
4
Cu % = =
% 54 , 41 % 100 .
13
27 . 2 , 0
Al % = =
% Mg = 27,69%.

Bai tap 16
-
2
H
n = 0,225 mol
2Al + 3H
2
SO
4
(l oang) Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
|
0,15 mol 0,225 mol

22
m
Al
= 4,05 g
Phan ng nhi et nhom
2Al + Fe
2
O
3
Al
2
O
3
+ 2Fe
54g 160g 102g 112g
4,05g x? y? z?
x = 12g y = 7,65g z = 8,4 g
- Khoi l ng Fe
2
O
3
trong hon hp ban au = 20,05 4,05 = 16 g
- Khoi l ng Fe
2
O
3
d = 16 12 = 4 g.
Bai tap 17
- CaSO
4
khong tac dung vi HCl .
CaCO
3
+ 2HCl CaCl
2
+ CO
2
| + H
2
O.
n
HCl
= 2.
2
CO
n = 04 , 0
4 , 22
448 , 0
. 2 = mol .
2 , 0
2 , 0
04 , 0
M
C = = M.
3
CaCO
n =
2
CO
n = 0,02 mol .
3
CaCO
m = 0,02. 100 = 2 gam
4
CaSO
m = 6 2 = 4 g.
%
3
CaCO
m = % 33 , 33 % 100 .
6
2
= ; %
4
CaSO
m = 66,67%
Bai tap 18
- Al manh hn Fe nen neu trong ket tua co2 ki m l oai th Al tac
dung het con Fe d vaCu si nh ra.
- Goi a l asomol Al ban au, b l asomol Fe ban au vac l asomol
Fe aphan ng.
27a + 56b = 4,15. (1)
2Al + 3CuSO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3Cu
a mol
2
3
amol
2
a
mol
2
3
a mol
Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
c mol c mol c mol c mol
- Khoi l ng ket tua:

23
(b c)56 + (
2
3
a + c)64 = 7,48g (2)
-
4
CuSO
n aphan ng = 0,525 . 0,2 = 0,105 = (
2
3
a + c) (3)
Gi ai (1), (2) va(3) ta co: a = 0,05; b = 0,05, c = 0,03.
Bai tap 19
Fe
x
O
y
+ yH
2
xFe + yH
2
O
Fe + H
2
SO
4
H
2
SO
4
+ H
2
|
- Nong odung dch H
2
SO
4
sau khi hap thuhi nc:
94595 , 0 03405 , 0 98 , 0
O 2 H
m 100
98
% C = =
+
=
m
H2O
= 3,6g n
H2O
= 0,2 mol =
2
O
n trong Fe
x
O
y
= y
15 , 0
4 , 22
36 , 3
2
H
n = = mol = n
Fe
= x
4
3
2 , 0
15 , 0
O
n
Fe
n
= = cong thc oxi t l aFe
3
O
4
.
Bai tap 20
- Lan 1: dung NaOH cho tac dung l an l t vi 3 hon hp. Hon hp
nao cokh bay ra l a(Al + Al
2
O
3
).
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H
2
O 2NaAl O
2
+3 H
2
|
Al
2
O
3
+ 2NaOH 2NaAl O
2
+ H
2
O.
- Lan 2: dung HCl ephan bi et 2 hon hp con l ai . Hon hp nao co
kh bay ra l a(Fe + Fe
2
O
3
).
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
|.
FeO + 2HCl 2FeCl
2
+H
2
O
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HCl 2FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
O.
Bai tap 21
TMg i eu che: MgO, MgSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
, MgS, MgCl
2
- 2Mg + O
2

t
o
2MgO
- Mg + H
2
SO
4
MgSO
4
+ H
2
|
- Mg + Fe(NO
3
)
2
Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ Fe
- Mg + S
t
o
MgS

24
- Mg + Cl
2
MgCl
2

Bai tap 22
- Cu + 2AgNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag
- 64g 2. 170g 2.108g
- Khi 64g ong phan ng tao ra 2.108 = 216g bac.
- Congha: khi l aong mat i 64g th sec buvao 216g bac.
- Khi okhoi l ng l aong tang l en: 216 64 = 152g.
- Khi 2.170=340g AgNO
3
(hay 64g Cu) phan ng l aong setang 152g.
- Gi a thi et l a ong tang 1,52g th khoi l ng AgNO
3
can:
g 4 , 3
152
340 . 52 , 1
=
- Somol AgNO
3
: mol 02 , 0
170
4 , 3
=
- Nong omol cua dung dch AgNO
3
: M 1
02 , 0
02 , 0
=
Bai tap 23
- Fe + Cu(NO
3
)
2
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ Cu
- 56g 1mol 64g
- Khi 56g ong phan ng tao ra 64g.
- Congha: khi l asat mat i 56g th sec buvao 64g ong.
- Khi okhoi l ng l asat tang l en: 64-56 = 8g.
- Khi 1mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
(hay 56g Fe) phan ng l asat setang 8g.
- Gi athi et l asat tang 1,6g th somol Cu(NO
3
)
2
can: mol 2 , 0
8
1 . 6 , 1
=
- Nong omol cua dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
: M 2
1 , 0
2 , 0
=
Bai tap 24
Vi et phng trnh hoa hoc:
a) i eu cheCuSO
4
tCu (chuyCu ng sau H nen khong thetac
dung vi H
2
SO
4
l oang): Cu + Ag
2
SO
4
CuSO
4
+ 2Ag
Hoac: 2Cu + O
2

t
o
2CuO

25
CuO + H
2
SO
4
CuSO
4
+ H
2
O
Hoac: Cu + 2H
2
SO
4
CuSO
4
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
b) MgCl
2
tMg, MgSO
4
, MgO, MgCO
3

- Mg + Cl
2
MgCl
2

- MgSO
4
+ BaCl
2
BaSO
4
+ + MgCl
2

- MgO + 2HCl MgCl
2
+ H
2
O
- MgCO
3
+ 2HCl MgCl
2
+ CO
2
| + H
2
O

Bai tap 25
- Cu ng sau Cu ng sau H nen khong thetac dung vi H
2
SO
4

l oang.
- Zn + H
2
SO
4
ZnSO
4
+ H
2
|
- ymol ymol
b) Chat ran con l ai sau phan ng l aCu.
Goi x, y l an l t l asomol cua Cu vaZn. Ta cohephng trnh:
= +
= =
5 , 10 y 65 x 64
mol 1 , 0
4 , 22
24 , 2
y
=
=
1 , 0 y
0625 , 0 x

Khoi l ng ong: 0,0625.64 = 4g
Bai tap 26
- Goi x, y l an l t l asomol cua Al , Mg.
- Somol kh H
2
: mol 07 , 0
4 , 22
568 , 1
=
- Th nghi em 1:
Phan ng:

26
2Al + 3H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
|
xmol 3/2xmol
Mg + H
2
SO
4
MgSO
4
+ H
2
|
ymol ymol
- Th nghi em 2:
Phan ng:
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H
2
O 2NaAl O
2
+ 3H
2

Chat ran trong th nghi em 2 l a: magi e, khoi l ng magi el a: 0,6g.
- Ta cohephng trnh:
0, 6
y 0, 025 mol
24
3 / 2x y 0, 07
= =
+ =

y 0, 025mol
x 0, 03mol
=

- Khoi l ng Al : 0,03.27=0,81g

- Khoi l ng hon hp A : 0,81 + 0,6 = 1,41g
- %Al % 4 , 57 100
41 , 1
81 , 0
= = , %Mg = 100 57,4 = 42,6%
Bai tap 27
- Khoi l ng Fe trong 1 tan gang cha 95%: kg 950
100
95 . 1000
=
- Phan ng san xuat gang:
- 3CO + Fe
2
O
3

t
o
3CO
2
+ 2Fe
160kg 2.56kg
? 950kg
- Khoi l ng Fe
2
O
3
can theo phan ng: kg 1 , 1357
56 . 2
160 . 950
~
- V hieu suat 80% nen khoi lng Fe
2
O
3
can: kg 4 , 1696
80
100 . 1 , 1357
~
- Khoi lng quang hematite cha 60% Fe
2
O
3
can: kg 4 , 2827 100
60
4 , 1696
~
Bai tap 28
a) Vi et phng trnh phan ng

27
- Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
- 56g 160g 64g
b) Tnh nong ophan tram cua cac chat trong dung dch sau phan ng.
- Khi 56g ong phan ng tao ra 64g.
- Congha: khi l asat mat i 56g th sec buvao 64g ong.
- Khi okhoi l ng l asat tang l en: 64-56 = 8g.
- Vay khi 160g CuSO
4
(hay 56g Fe) phan ng l asat setang 8g.
- Gi athi et l asat tang 2,56-2,5 = 0,06g th khoi l ng CuSO
4
can
phan ng: g 2 , 1
8
160 . 06 , 0
=
- Theo gi athi et khoi l ng CuSO
4
l a: g 2 , 4
100
15 . 12 , 1 . 25
=
- Sau phan ng trong dung dch co: CuSO
4
d, FeSO
4
si nh ra.
- Khoi l ng CuSO
4
d: 4,2 1,2 = 3g

- Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
- 56g 160g 152g 64g
1,2g ?
- Khoi l ng FeSO
4
si nh ra: g 14 , 1
160
152 . 2 , 1
=
- Khoi l ng dung dch sau phan ng:
m
dd sau
= m
dd

au
+ m
Fe pu
- m
Cu si nh ra

= m
dd

au
khoi l ng l asat tang = 25.1.12 0.06 = 27,94g
- % FeSO
4
= % 08 , 4 100 .
94 , 27
14 , 1
=
- % CuSO
4
d

= % 74 , 10 100 .
94 , 27
3
=
Bai tap 29
- Goi x, y l an l t l asomol cua Al , Fe.
- Somol kh H
2
: mol 025 , 0
4 , 22
56 , 0
=
Phan ng:

28
2Al + 3H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
|
xmol 3/2xmol
Fe + H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ H
2
|
ymol ymol
b) Tnh thanh phan phan tram theo khoi l ng cua moi ki m l oai trong
hon hp au.
= +
= +
025 , 0 y x 2 / 3
83 , 0 y 56 x 27
=
=
mol 01 , 0 x
mol 01 , 0 y

- % Al = % 5 , 32 100 .
83 . 0
27 . 01 , 0
~
- % Fe

=100-32,5= 67,5%
Bai tap 30
- Gi ascong thc cua muoi sat: FeCl
x

- Khoi l ng muoi sat cl orua: g 25 , 3
100
5 , 32 . 10
=
- Somol AgCl : mol 06 , 0
3 , 143
61 , 8
=
- Phan ng: FeCl
x
+ xAgNO
3
xAgCl + + Fe(NO
3
)
x

1mol xmol
? 0,06mol
- Somol muoi sat cl orua: mol
x
06 , 0
x
1 . 06 , 0
=
- Phan tkhoi cua muoi sat cl orua: M =
06 , 0
x . 25 , 3
x
06 , 0
25 , 3
= (1)
- Sat cohoa trI I , I I I . Thay x = 2, hoac 3 vao phng trnh (1)
- Ta co: x = 2 suy ra M = 108,33 ; x= 3 suy ra M = 162,5 chon.
- Cong thc muoi sat l a: FeCl
3
, M = 162,5.
Bai tap 31
Cothel oai bocac kh oc: HCl , H
2
S, SO
2
, CO
2
bang chat nao:
nc voi trong. Vi et phng trnh phan ng.
2HCl + Ca(OH)
2
CaCl
2
+ H
2
O
H
2
S + Ca(OH)
2
CaS + 2H
2
O

29
SO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaSO
3
+ H
2
O
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O


2
CHNG I I I
PHI K I M S L C V EBANG T UAN HOAN CAC NGUY EN
T OHOA HOC
I . Tnh chat cua phi kim
- n chat l achat do mot nguyen tohoa hoc cau tao nen.
- n chat co2 l oai l a: ki m l oai vaphi ki m.
1. Tnh chat vat lycua phi kim
- dang t do vai eu ki en thng phi ki m ton tai ca3 trang thai :
ran, l ong, kh.
V du: trang thai ran: cacbon; trang thai long: brom; trang thai kh: oxi .
- Phi ki m thng khong coanh ki m, khong dan nhi et, khong dan
i en ( neu coth rat kem )
2. Tnh chat hoa hoc cua kim loai
2.1. Tac dung vi kim loai
- Tac dung vi ki m l oai tao thanh muoi .
2Fe + 3Cl
2
2FeCl
3
Fe + S FeS
- Oxi tac dung vi ki m l oai tao thanh oxi t.
3Fe + 2O
2
Fe
3
O
4
2.2. Phi kim tac dung vi hidr o
2H
2
+ O
2

t
o
2H
2
O
H
2
+ Cl
2
2HCl
H
2
+ S H
2
S
2.3. Phi kim loai tac dung vi oxi
Nhi eu phi ki m tac dung vi oxi tao ra oxi t.
C + O
2
CO
2

S + O
2
SO
2

Chuy:
- Trong cac phi ki m f l o hoat ong manh nhat, sau ol aoxi vacl o.
- S, P, C, Si .. l anhng phi ki m hoat ong yeu hn.

3
I I I . Nhng phi kim quan tr ong
1. Clo Cl (M = 35,5)
- K hi eu hoa hoc: Cl
- Nguyen tkhoi : 35,5
- Cong thc phan t: Cl
2

- Ten goi : cl o

a) Tnh chat vat ly
- Cl o l achat kh mau vang l uc, mui hac.
- Cl o nang hn khong kh.
- Cl o t tan trong nc.
- Cl o l akh oc, khi ht nhi eu cothetvong.
b) Tnh chat hoa hoc: cl o l aphi ki m hoat ong manh.
- Tac dung vi ki m l oai .
Ki m l oai nhi eu hoa trcho hoa trcao nhat.
2Fe + 3Cl
2

t
o
2FeCl
3
- Tac dung vi hi dro.
H
2
+ Cl
2
2HCl
- Khong tac dung trc ti ep vi oxi .
- Tnh chat ac bi et cua cl o l atac dung vi nc vavi baz
H
2
O + Cl
2
2HCl + HCl O ( axi t hi pocl or)
Hon hp Cl
2
,HCl , HCl O tan trong nc goi l anc cl o.Nc cl o
cotnh hoa hoc manh, ti et trung, tay mau v:
HCl O
as
HCl + O
Vaoxi nguyen tcohoat tnh manh.
Cl
2
+ 2NaOH NaCl + NaCl O + H
2
O
Hon hp san pham nay goi l anc Javen, nc Javen cung co
tnh tay mau, ti et trung v NaCl O (natri hi pocl ori t) l achat oxi hoa
manh.
- i eu chetrong san xuat:

4
2NaCl + 2H
2
O
pdd_mn
Cl
2
+

H
2
+ 2NaOH

5
2. Cacbon
- K hi eu hoa hoc: C
- Nguyen tkhoi : 12
- Ten goi : Cacbon
a) Tnh chat vat ly
Cacbon co3 dang thuhnh l a: Ki m cng, than ch vacacbon vonh
hnh. Cacbon vonh hnh cotnh hap phucao.
b) Tnh chat hoa hoc
Cacbon vonh hnh l amot phi ki m hoat ong yeu
- Tac dung vi ki m l oai phan ng rat khokhan.
2C + Ca CaC
2
- Tac dung vi hi dro phan ng rat khokhan

C + 2H
2
CH
4

- Chay trong oxi vatoa nhi et.
C + O
2
CO
2
-
Tnh chat ac bi et cua cacbon l atnh kh, nhi et ocao cacbon
khnhi eu oxi t ki m l oai thanh ki m l oai tdo.

3C + Fe
2
O
3

t
0
3CO + 2Fe

c) ng dung
- Ki m cng l am otrang sc, dao cat ki eng..
- Than ch: l am i en cc, ruot but ch..
- Than vonh hnh: nhi en l i eu, chat hap phu..
3. Silic Si (M = 28)
Si l i c l anguyen tophobi en thhai tren trai at (sau oxi ) thng gap
si l i c trang thai hp chat nh cat (Si O
2
), cac si l i cat tnhi en nh at set..
- Tnh chat vat l y: si l i c l achat ran, khonong chay, dan i en kem.
- Tnh chat hoa hoc: si l i c hoat ong yeu
+ Tac dung vi oxi nhi et ocao.
Si + O
2

t
0
Si O
2

500
0
C
Ni

6
- ng dung: trong cong nghi ep gom, s, xi mang, thuy ti nh...

I V Cac oxit cua cacbon
1. Cacbon oxit
- K hi eu hoa hoc: CO
- Phan tkhoi : 28
- Ten goi : cacbon oxi t
a) Tnh chat vat ly
Cacbon oxi t l achat kh khong mau, t tan trong nc, nhe hn khong
kh, rat ben vi nhi et. CO l akh oc (v CO ket hp vi chat
hemogl obi n trong mau thanh hp chat ben, l am cho hemogl obi n mat
tac dung van chuyen kh oxi i khap c thengi vaong vat)
b) Tnh chat hoa hoc: CO l aoxi t trung tnh, CO l achat kh
- CO khong tac dung vi axi t, ki em nhi et othng.
- CO khong tao muoi .
- CO khc nhieu oxi t kim loai nhiet ocao tao thanh kim loai tdo.
CO + FeO
t
0
CO
2
+ Fe

- CO chay trong oxi :
2CO + O
2

t
0
2CO
2

c) ng dung
- Lam nhi en l i eu, chat kh..
- Nguyen l i eu trong cong nghehoa.
2. Cacbon ioxit CO
2

- K hi eu hoa hoc: CO
2

- Phan tkhoi :44
- Ten goi : cacbon i oxi t hay anhi dri c cacboni c
- Ten thong thng: kh cacboni c
a) Tnh chat vat ly
Cacbon i oxi t l achat kh khong mau, khong mui , nang hn khong
kh. CO
2
khong duy tr ssong vaschay.


7
b) Tnh chat hoa hoc: CO
2
l aoxi t axi t, coay utnh chat hoa hoc cua
mot oxi t axi t.
- Tac dung vi nc: CO
2
tac dung vi nc tao thanh dung dch axit H
2
CO
3
CO
2
+ H
2
O H
2
CO
3
- Tac dung vi baz: CO
2
tac dung vi baz tao muoi vanc.
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
- Tac dung vi oxi t baz: CO
2
tac dung vi oxi t baz tao thanh muoi .
CO
2
+ CaO CaCO
3

c) ieu chetr ong phong th nghiem:
CaCO
3
+ 2HCl CaCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2
|
d) ng dung
- Cha chay
- Bao quan thc pham, ...
- Pha chenc uong coga, san xuat soda..
V. Axit cacbonic vamuoi cacbonat
1. Axit cacbonic H
2
CO
3
, M = 62
- Axi t cacboni c l amot axi t yeu.
- Dung dch H
2
CO
3
l am qui tm chuyen thanh mau onhat.
- H
2
CO
3
khong ben bphan huy thanh CO
2
vanc.
H
2
CO
3
CO
2
| + H
2
O
2. M uoi cacbonat: co2 l oai muoi : muoi cacbonat axi t vamuoi cacbonat
trung hoa.
- Muoi cacbonat trung hoa c goi l amuoi cacbonat
V du: Na
2
CO
3
, CaCO
3
...
- Muoi cacbonat axi t c goi l amuoi hi drocacbonat
V du: NaHCO
3
, KHCO
3
...
a) Tnh chat vat ly
Cac muoi cacbonat tan gom: K
2
CO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
... cac muoi cacbon oxi t.
Cac muoi cacbonat cua ki m l oai hoa trI I khong tan.
b) Tnh chat hoa hoc: muoi cacbonat l amot muoi voc.
- Tac dung vi axi t tao thanh CO
2
,

nc vamuoi mi
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl + CO
2
+ H
2
O

8
- Tac dung vi baz tao thanh baz mi vamuoi cacbonat mi
khong tan.
Na
2
CO
3
+ Ca(OH)
2
2NaOH + CaCO
3khongtan

- Tac dung vi dung dch muoi tao thanh 2 muoi mi , i eu ki en
phai tao ra muoi ket tua.
Na
2
CO
3
+ Ca(NO
3
)
2
2NaNO
3
+ CaCO
3khongtan

- Mot somuoi bphan huy nhi et ocao.
CaCO
3

t
0
CO
2
+ CaO
c) ng dung: dung l am nguyen l i eu san xuat voi , xi mang...
VI . Silic ioxit SiO
2
l aoxi t axi t khong tan trong nc.
- Khong tac dung vi nc.
- Tac dung vi oxi t baz tan tao thanh muoi si l i cat.
Na
2
O + Si O
2
Na
2
Si O
3

- Tac dung vi ki em tao thanh muoi si l i cat.
2NaOH + Si O
2
Na
2
Si O
3
+ H
2
O
VI I . S lc vebang tuan hoan cac nguyen tohoa hoc
1. Nguyen tac sap xep cac nguyen totr ong bang t uan hoan
Nguyen tac sap xep cac nguyen totrong bang tuan hoan,
sap xep cac nguyen totheo chi eu tang dan cua soi en tch hat nhan.
2. Cau tao bang tuan hoan
Bang tuan hoan bi eu di en s tng quan gi a cac nguyen tohoa hoc
theo soi en tch hat nhan, gom 2 dang chnh:
- Bang ngan gom 8 cot.
- Bang dai gom 16 cot.
Sau ay chquan tan en bang dai gom 16 cot.
a) Onguyen to
Bang tuan hoan cokhoang 110 o, moi oxep mot nguyen to.
- Moi ocho bi et: sohi eu nguyen t, k hi eu, ten vanguyen tkhoi
cua nguyen to.

9
- Sohi eu nguyen tl asothtcua nguyen totrong bang hethong
tuan hoan. Sohi eu nguyen tcotrsobang son vi en tch hat
nhan vabang soel ectron trong nguyen t.
V du: oth11, xep nguyen tonatri (Na). Ta co:
+ Sohi eu nguyen t= soproton = soel ectron = 11
+ K hi eu hoa hoc: Na
+ Ten nguyen to: natri
+ Nguyen tkhoi : 23
b) Chu k
Chu k gom cac nguyen tomanguyen tcua chung cocung sol p
el ectron vac xep thanh hang theo chi eu tang dan i en tch hat
nhan.
- Sothtcua chu k bang sol p el ectron trong nguyen tcua cac
nguyen tonam trong chu k.
V du: chu k I I , tat cacac nguyen teu co2 l p el ectron.
- Trong bang tuan hoan gom 7 chu k ( moi chu k l amot hang) .
- Trchu k I , cac chu k con l ai eu bat au l aki m l oai ki em va
ket thuc l akh hi em.
V du: chu k 3: bat au l aki m l oai ki em Na vaket thuc l akh tr:
Ar (agon)
c) Nhom
Nhom gom cac nguyen tomanguyen tcua chung cosoel ectron
l p ngoai cung bang nhau vac xep thanh cot theo chi eu tang
dan cua i en tch hat nhan nguyen t.
- Sotht cua nhom bang soel ectron l p ngoai cung cua nguyen
tcua cac nguyen totrong nhom.
V du: nguyen tcua cac nguyen tonhom I I , co2 el ectron l p
vongoai cung.
3. Sbien oi tnh chat cua nguyen totr ong bang t uan hoan
a) Tr ong mot chu k
Khi i tau chu k en cuoi chu k theo chi eu tang dan i en tch
hat nhan, ta co:

10
- Soel ectron ngoai cung cua nguyen ttang dan t1 en 8 (trchu
k 1)
- Tnh ki m l oai cua nguyen togi am dan, ong thi tnh phi ki m tang
dan. Congha au chu k l aki m l oai manh (ki m l oai ki em), cuoi
chu k l aphi ki m manh (hal ogen: f l o, cl o..), ket thuc chu k l akh
hi em.
V du: chu k 3: au chu k l aki m l oai ki em Na (ki m l oai manh)
cuoi chu k l aphi ki m manh cl o, ket thuc chu k l akh hi em agon
(Ar)
b) Tr ong mot nhom
Khi i ttren xuong theo chi eu tang i en tch hat nhan, ta co: so
l p el ectron cua nguyen ttang dan, tnh ki m l oai cua cac nguyen
totang dan, ong thi tnh phi ki m gi am dan.
4. Yngha cua bang tuan hoan cac nguyen tohoa hoc
- Bi et vtr cua nguyen tsuy ra cau tao nguyen tvatnh chat cua
nguyen to.
V du:nguyen toA cosotht l a11 trong bang hethong tuan
hoan. Tvtr nay ta bi et:
+ Nguyen toA cosohi eu nguyen tl a11, ol aNa.
+ i en tch hat nhan cua nguyetbang +11, soel ectron
chuyen ong xung quanh hat nhan l a11e.
+ Nguyen toA chu k 3, do oco3 l p el ectron.
+ Nguyen toA nhom I co1e l p vongoai cung, nguyen toA
au chu k nen cotnh ki m l oai manh.
- Bi et cau tao nguyen tsuy ra vtr vatnh chat cua nguyen to.
+ Nguyen toB, co4 l p el ectron, co1e l p ngoai cung.
+ Tota bi et nguyen toA chu k I V, nhom 1. Nguyen toB l a
kal i (K)


11
Cau 1: Tnh chat vat l ycua phi ki m:
a) Dan i en tot b) Dan nhi et tot
c) Dan nhi et, dan i en kem d) Chton tai trang thai kh
Cau 2: Tnh chat hoa hoc cua phi ki m:
a) Tac dung vi nc, oxi b) Tac dung vi hi dro, ki m loai , oxi
c) Tac dung vi ki m l oai , baz d) Tac dung vi baz, oxi t baz
Cau 3: Chon cau ung
a) Tat caphi ki m tac dung vi oxi tao thanh oxi t axi t.
b) Tat caphi ki m tac dung vi oxi tao thanh oxi t baz.
c) Ki m l oai dan i en, phi ki m khong dan i en (trthan ch vasi l i c)
d) Tat caeu ung
Cau 4: Tnh chat cua kh cl o:
a) Tac dung vi ki m l oai
b) Cotnh tay mau trong khong kh am
c) Tac dung vi nc, dung dch ki em
d) Tat caeu ung
Cau 5: Khi i eu checl o trong phong th nghi em thng col an tap chat
l ahi nc vaaxi t cl ohi dri c. Cothethu c cl o ti nh khi et bang
cach dan hon hp qua:
a) Nc, dung dch xut b) Dung dch xut, H
2
SO
4
am ac
c) Nc voi , dung dch axi t d) Baz, oxi t baz
Cau 6: Khi ki m l oai conhi eu hoa trtac dung vi kh cl o setao ra muoi
cl orua cua ki m l oai cohoa tr:
a) Thap nhat b) Tuy trng hp
c) Cao nhat d) Tat caeu sai
Cau 7: el oai kh cl o col an trong khong kh, cothedung chat sau:
a) Nc b) Dung dch H
2
SO
4
c) Dung dch NaOH d) Dung dch NaCl
Cau 8: Nc cl o l a:
a) Hon hp gom cac chat: Cl
2
vaHCl , HCl O
b) Hp chat cua: Cl
2
vanc, HCl , HCl O
c) Hon hp gom cac chat: Cl
2
nc, HCl , HCl O

12
d) Hon hp gom cac chat: nc, HCl , HCl O
Cau 9: Dang thuhnh cua nguyen tol a:
a) Cac hp chat khac nhau cua mot nguyen tohoa hoc.

b) Cac n chat khac nhau cua cung mot nguyen tohoa hoc.
c) Cac nguyen tocohnh dang khac nhau.
d) Cac n chat cohnh dang khac nhau.
Cau 10: CO cotnh chat:
a) Oxi t axi t, chat kh oc, cotnh khmanh.
b) Chat kh khong mau, rat oc, oxi t baz.
c) Chat kh khong mau, rat oc, oxi t trung tnh, cotnh khmanh.
d) Chat kh , khong mau, khong mui , cot nh oxi hoa manh.
Cau 11: Trong cac cap chat sau, cap nao cothetac dung vi nhau:
a) KCl vaNa
2
CO
3
b) KCl vaK
2
CO
3
c) H
2
SO
4
vaNaHCO
3
d) KOH vaNa
2
CO
3
Cau 12: Chat kh nao cokhanang tay trang khi am:
a) O
2
b) Cl
2
c) H
2
d) CO
2
Cau 13: Cac chat nao sau ay dung ei eu checl o phong th nghi em:
a) HCl , H
2
O b) KMnO
4
, MnCl
2
c) NaCl d) KMnO
4
, MnO
2
Cau 14: Tnh chat cua cacboni c:
a) Phan ng vi nc voi , phan ng quang hp.
b) bat k i eu ki en nhi et o, ap suat cacboni c l uon ton tai
trang thai kh.
c) Phan ng vi dung dch CuSO
4
, phan ng quang hp.
d) Hoa tan tot trong nc nong.
Cau 15: Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng muoi cacbonat:
a) Phan ng thevi ki m l oai .
b) Phan ng vi axi t, muoi vaphan ng phan huy.

c) Phan ng vi baz, oxi t baz.
d) Thuy phan trong nc cho moi trng axi t.
Cau 16: Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen tohoa hoc c sap xep theo:
a) Chi eu tang dan cua soel ectron l p ngoai cung cua nguyen t.

13
b) Chi eu tang dan cua i en tch hat nhan cua nguyen t.
c) Chi eu tang dan cua nguyen tkhoi .
d) Chi eu gi am dan cua i en tch hat nhan cua nguyen t.

Cau 17: ai l ng nao cua nguyen tohoa hoc bi en thi en tuan hoan:
a) Sol p el ectron vasoel ectron l p ngoai cung cua nguyen t.
b) Soel ectron l p ngoai cung cua nguyen t.
c) i en tch hat nhan vasoel ectron cua nguyen t.
d) Nguyen tkhoi .
Cau 18: Dung dch nao khong thecha trong bnh thuy ti nh:
a) HNO
3
b) H
2
SO
4
am ac
c) HF d) HCl
Cau 19: Khi dan hon hp kh gom: Cl
2
,CO
2
, HCl , C
2
H
4
qua dung dch
a) Cl
2
b) C
2
H
4

c) CO
2
, HCl d) HCl , C
2
H
4
.
Cau 20: Hon hp gom cac kh: CO, CO
2
, SO
3
cothenhan bi et shi en
di en cac chat kh bang cach:
a) Dan hon hp qua dung dch BaCl
2

b) Dan hon hp qua dung dch BaCl
2
, sau oqua dung dch nc
voi trong.
c) Dan hon hp qua dung dch nc voi trong.
d) Tat caeu ung.

Bai tap 1
i eu cheHCl , Cl
2
t4 chat sau: KCl , H
2
O, MnO
2
, H
2
SO
4
ac.

Bai tap 2
Nung 10,23 gam hon hp hai oxi t l aCuO vaPbO vi cacbon d.
Toan bol ng kh CO
2
si nh ra c dan vao bnh ng dung dch
Ca(OH)
2
d. Phan ng xong thu c 5,5 gam ket tua. Tnh thanh
phan tram theo khoi l ng cua moi oxi t ki m l oai trong hon hp.

14
Bai tap 3
Suc 5,6 l t kh CO
2
(ktc) vao X l t kh NaOH 0,2M. Tm X va
nong omol cua muoi tao thanh trong hai trng hp:

a/ Tao muoi trung hoa.
b/ Tao muoi axi t.
c/ Neu tao cahai muoi th thetch NaOH nam trong khoang bao
nhi eu?
Bai tap 4
Cho A gam hon hp sat vaong tac dung vi Cl o (un nong), thu
c 18,9375 gam hon hp san pham. Hoa tan san pham vao nc
roi cho tac dung vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c 12,925 gam ket
tua. Tnh sogam moi ki m l oai trong hon hp ban au.
Bai tap 5
Neu cach nhan bi et tng chat kh trong hon hp gom cac kh: CO
2
,
SO
2
, C
2
H
4
, CH
4
.
Bai tap 6
Hay xac nh cong thc hoa hoc cua muoi natri cacbonat ngam
nc bi et rang khi nung 3,1 gam ti nh thenay en khoi l ng
khong oi , c chat ran cokhoi l ng l a2,65 gam.
Bai tap 7
Dung dung dch NaOH d hoa tan hoan toan 5,94g Al thu c kh
A. Kh B thu c bang cach l ay axi t HCl ac, d hoa tan het
1,896g KMnO
4
. Nhi et phan hoan toan 12,25g KCl O
3
coxuc tac
thu c kh C.
Cho A, B vaC vao mot bnh kn roi ot chay ecac phan ng xay
ra hoan toan. Sau obnh c l am l anh engng tuhet hi nc
vagi ascac chat tan het vao nc thu c dung dch D. Tnh
nong o% cua D.
Bai tap 8
ot chay hoan toan 20 l t hon hp kh gom CO vaCO
2
, can 8 l t
kh oxi (cac kh o cung i eu l i en nhi et ovaap suat).

15
Hay xac nh thanh phan phan tram theo thetch cua cac kh trong
hon hp.
Bai tap 9
Trnh bay phng phap hoa hoc nhan bi et 6 l o thuy ti nh khong
nhan ng cac chat kh sau: H
2
, CO
2
, HCl , Cl
2
, CO, O
2
.
Bai tap 10
ot chay hoan toan 7,2 gam than, thu c hon hp kh gom CO
2

vaCO. Dan hon hp kh thu c vao ong nghi em ng CuO (d)
nung nong. Khi phan ng xong, cho toan bol ng kh thu c
vao nc voi trong (l ay d) thu c a gam ket tua.
Vi et cac phng trnh phan ng. Tnh a.
Bai tap 11
Tm mot hoa chat echqua mot l an thl aphan bi et c 3 l o
mat nhan ng chat ran mau en: bot than, bot ong (I I ) oxi t va
bot mangan i oxi t.
Bai tap 12
Kh A thu c khi cho 87 gam MnO
2
tac dung vi axi t cl ohi ri c
ac, d. Dan A vao 500ml dung dch NaOH 5M (D = 1,25 g/l ml ),
thu c dung dch B. Tnh nong ophan tram, nong omol cua
cac chat trong dung dch B. Bi et thetch dung dch thay oi khong
ang ke.
Bai tap 13
Tm A bi et phi ki m A cohoa tr3 vi hi dro. Trong hp chat oxi t
cao nhat cha 56,34% oxi theo khoi l ng.
Bai tap 14
5 l t kh X (ktc) cokhoi l ng l a7,59 gam. ot 3,4 gam kh X,
thu c 2,24 l t kh l u huynh i oxt (ktc) va1,8 gam nc.
a) Tm cong thc hoa hoc cua X.
b) Tnh thetch oxi (ktc) can thi et eot chay hoan toan 5 l t
kh X.
Bai tap 15
600g dung dch KCl O
3
bao hoa 20
o
C, nong o6,5% c cho
bay hi nc sau oe20
o
C th cokhoi l ng 413g.

16
a/ Tnh khoi l ng chat ran ket ti nh.
b/ Tnh thanh phan cac chat trong dung dch sau.
Bai tap 16
Conhng chat sau: Cu, CuO, Mg, MgCO
3.
a/ Hay cho bi et chat nao tac dung vi dung dch axi t sunf uari c
l oang si nh ra:
Chat kh nhehn khong kh
Chat kh nang hn khong kh
b/ Hay cho bi et chat nao tac dung vi dung dch axi t sunf uari t ac
si nh ra chat kh l anguyen nhan gay ma axt.
c/ Dung dch H
2
SO
4
l oang cothephan bi et c CuO vaMgO
c khong?
Bai tap 17
Neu hi en tng vagi ai thch cho cac th nghi em sau:
a/ Suc kh SO
2
vao dung dch Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
b/ Suc kh CO
2
vao nc conhuom qui tm, sau oun nhe.
(Trch ethi tuyen si nh vao l p 10 chuyen trng PTTH chuyen
LeHong Phong TP.HCM nam 2003 2004).
Bai tap 18
Tm cong thc thuy ti nh sau (vi et di dang oxi t):
a/ Loai thuy ti nh cothanh phan: 75% Si O
2
, 12% CaO, 13% Na
2
O.
b/ Loai thuy ti nh chu nhi et cothanh phan: 18,43% K
2
O, 10,89%
CaO va70,56% Si O
2
.
Bai tap 19
Nung hon hp gom 5,6g sat va1,6g l u huynh trong moi trng
khong cokhong kh. Sau phan ng thu c hon hp chat ran A.
Cho dung dch HCl 1M phan ng va uvi A thu c hon hp
kh B.
b) Tnh thetch dung dch HCl 1M atham gi a phan ng.
Bai tap 20
Cho 10,8g ki m l oai hoa tr I I I tac dung vi cl o d th thu c
53,4g muoi . Hay xac nh ki m l oai M adung.

17
Bai tap 21
Tnh thetch dung dch NaOH 1M etac dung hoan toan vi 1,12
l i t kh cl o (ktc). Nong omol cua cac chat sau phan ng? Gi a
thi et thetch dung dch thay oi khong ang ke.
Bai tap 22
Trong cong nghi ep, ngi ta sdung cacbon el am nhi en l i eu.
Tnh nhi et l ng toa ra khi ot chay 5kg than cha 90% cacbon,
bi et 1mol cacbon chay toa ra 394kJ.
Bai tap 23
Vi et phng trnh hoa hoc cua CO
2
vi dung dch NaOH, trong cac
trng hp:
a) Tl esomol CO
2
vaNaOH l a1:1
b) Tl esomol CO
2
vaNaOH l a1:2
c) Tl esomol CO
2
vaNaOH l a2:3
Bai tap 24
Hay xac nh thanh phan % vethetch cua moi kh trong hon hp
CO, CO
2
, bi et cac sol i eu thc nghi em sau:
- Dan 16 l i t hon hp CO, CO
2
qua nc voi trong d thu c kh A.
- eot chay hoan toan kh A can 2 l i t kh oxi .
Cac thetch kh o cung i eu ki en, nhi et oap suat.
Bai tap 25
Hay tnh thetch kh CO
2
(ktc) tao thanh edap tat am chay neu
trong bnh cha chay codung dch cha 980g H
2
SO
4
tac dung het
vi dung dch NaHCO
3
.
Bai tap 26
a) Hay xac nh cong thc cua hp chat kh A, bi et:
- A l ahp chat cua l u huynh cha 50% oxi .
- 1g kh A chi em thetch l a0,35l i t ktc
b) Hoa tan 12,8g hp chat A vao 300ml dung dch NaOH 1,2M.
Hay cho bi et muoi nao thu c sau phan ng. Tnh nong omol
cua muoi (gi athi et thetch dung dch thay oi khong ang ke).


18
Bai tap 27
a) Hay xac nh cong thc cua mot l oai oxt sat, bi et rang khi cho
32g oxi t sat nay tac dung hoan toan vi kh cacbon oxi t th thu
c 22,4g chat ran. Bi et khoi l ng mol cua oxi t sat l a160g.
b) Chat kh si nh ra c hap thu hoan toan bang dung dch nc voi
trong d. Tnh khoi l ng ket tua thu c.
Bai tap 28
Cho 69,6g MnO
2
tac dung vi dung dch HCl ac d thu c mot
l ng kh X. Dan kh X vao 500ml dung dch NaOH 4M thu c
dung dch A. Tnh nong omol cua cac chat trong dung dch A. Gi a
thi et rang thetch dung dch sau phan ng thay oi khong ang ke.
Bai tap 29
Hoan thanh chuoi phan ng:
NaCl Cl
2
FeCl
3
BaCl
2
NaCl Cl
2

Bai tap 30
Cho hon hp kh CO vaCO
2
i qua dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d, thu c
1g ket tua trang. Neu cho hon hp qua CuO nong d, thu c 0,64g
Cu.
b) Xac nh thanh phan phan tram theo thetch cac kh trong hon
hp.
D. AP AN CAU HOI TRAC NGHI EM
Cau 1: Tnh chat vat l ycua phi ki m:
c) Dan nhi et, dan i en kem
Cau 2: Tnh chat hoa hoc cua phi ki m:
b) Tac dung vi hi dro, ki m l oai , oxi
Cau 3: Chon cau ung
c) Ki m l oai dan i en, phi ki m khong dan i en (trthan ch vasi l i c)
Cau 4: Tnh chat cua kh cl o:
d) Tat caeu ung
Cau 5: Khi i eu checl o trong phong th nghi em thng col an tap chat l a
hi nc vaaxi t cl ohi dri c. Cothethu c cl o ti nh khi et bang cach
dan hon hp qua:

19
b) Dung dch xut, H
2
SO
4
am ac
Cau 6: Khi ki m l oai conhi eu hoa trtac dung vi kh cl o setao ra muoi
cl orua cua ki m l oai cohoa tr:
c) Cao nhat
Cau 7: el oai kh cl o col an trong khong kh, cothedung chat sau:
c) Dung dch NaOH
Cau 8: Nc cl o l a:
c) Hon hp gom cac chat: Cl
2
, nc, HCl , HCl O
Cau 9: Dang thuhnh cua nguyen tol a:
b) Cac n chat khac nhau cua cung mot nguyen tohoa hoc.
Cau 10: CO cotnh chat:
c) Chat kh khong mau, rat oc, oxi t trung tnh, cotnh khmanh.
Cau 11: Trong cac cap chat sau, cap nao cothetac dung vi nhau:
c) H
2
SO
4
vaNaHCO
3

Cau 12: Chat kh nao cokhanang tay trang khi am:
b) Cl
2
Cau 13: Cac chat nao sau ay dung ei eu checl o phong th nghi em:
d) KMnO
4
, MnO
2
Cau 14: Tnh chat cua cacboni c:
a) Phan ng vi nc voi , phan ng quang hp.
Cau 15: Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng muoi cacbonat:
b) Phan ng vi axi t, muoi vaphan ng phan huy.

Cau 16: Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen tohoa hoc c sap xep theo:
b) Chi eu tang dan cua i en tch hat nhan cua nguyen t.
Cau 17: ai l ng nao cua nguyen tohoa hoc bi en thi en tuan hoan:
b) Soel ectron l p ngoai cung cua nguyen t.
Cau 18: Dung dch nao khong thecha trong bnh thuy ti nh:
c) HF
Cau 19: Khi dan hon hp kh gom: Cl
2
,CO
2
, HCl , C
2
H
4
qua dung dch
b) C
2
H
4

Cau 20: Hon hp gom cac kh: CO, CO
2
, SO
3
cothenhan bi et shi en

20
di en cac chat kh bang cach:
b) Dan hon hp qua dung dch BaCl
2
, sau oqua dung dch nc
voi trong.

Bai tap 1
- i eu cheHCl :
2KCl + H
2
SO
4
ac
t
o
K
2
SO
4
+ 2HCl |
Suc kh HCl vao nc thu c dung dch HCl .
- i eu cheCl
2
:
Cho MnO
2
tac dung vi dung dch HCl ac thu c tren.
4HCl + MnO
2

t
o
MnCl
2
+ 2H
2
O + Cl
2
|
Bai tap 2
- Cac phng trnh hoa hoc:
2CuO + C
t
o
2Cu + CO
2
| (1)
a mol 0,5.a mol
2PbO + C
t
o
2Pb + CO
2
| (2)
b mol 0,5.b mol
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O (3)
- Theo (1), (2) va(3) :
3
CaCO
n
2
CO
n = =
100
5 , 5
= 0,055mol
- at x vay l asomol CuO vaPbO cotrong 10,23 gam hon hp.
Ta co: 80a + 223b = 10,23
0,5a + 0,5b = 0,05
Gi ai hephng trnh tren ta co: a = 0,1 ; b = 0,01
Thanh phan phan tram theo khoi l ng cua cac oxi t trong hon
hp:
%CuO = 78,2%; % PbO = 21,8%.

Bai tap 3
mol 25 , 0
4 , 22
6 , 5
2
CO
n = =
a/ CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O

21
0,25 mol 0,5mol 0,25 mol
thetch NaOH = 2,5 l t. C
M
muoi = 0,1M.
b/ CO
2
+ NaOH NaHCO
3

0,25mol 0,25mol 0,25mol
V
NaOH
= 1,25 l t, C
M
muoi = 0,2M
c/ Trong trng hp tao ca2 muoi th:
2
2
CO
n
NaOH
n
1 < <
Bai tap 4
2Fe + 3Cl
2
2FeCl
3
(1)
amol amol
Cu + Cl
2
CuCl
2
(2)
bmol bmol

FeCl
3
+ 3 NaOH Fe(OH)
3
+ + 3NaCl (3)
a mol a mol
CuCl
2
+ 2NaOH Cu(OH)
2
+ + 2NaCl (4)
bmol b mol
T(1) va(2) :162,5x + 135y = 18,9375 gam (I )
T(3) va(4): 107x + 98y = 12,925 gam (I I )
- Gi ai hephng trnh (I ), (I I ) ta c: a = 0,75 ; b= 0,05.
Sogam moi ki m l oai trong hon hp l a:
mFe = 56.0,75 = 4,2 gam
mCu = 64.0,05 = 3,2 gam.
Bai tap 5
- Cho hon hp kh i qua dung dch Ca(OH)
2
thay coket tua vakh
bay ra.
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O
SO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaSO
3
+ + H
2
O
- Dan kh bay ra vao dung dch brom, C
2
H
4
l amat mau dung dch
brom. Kh bay ra l aCH
4
.

22
- Phan ket tua cho tac dung vi HCl , thu kh bay ra vao dung dch
brom. Kh SO
2
l am mat mau dung dch brom, kh con l ai l aCO
2
.
SO
2
+ Br
2
+ 2 H
2
O H
2
SO
4
+ 2HBr.
- Kh CO
2
l am uc nc voi trong.
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O
Bai tap 6
at CTPT cua muoi cacbonat ngam nc l a: x.Na
2
CO
3
.yH
2
O.
Khi nung thu c muoi khan:
x.Na
2
CO
3
.yH
2
O
t
o
xNa
2
CO
3
+ yH
2
O|

O
2
H
m = 3,1 2,65 = 0,45 gam.
Tl e: x : y =
18
45 , 0
:
106
65 , 2
=1 : 1
Vay CTPT cua muoi cacbonat ngam nc l a: Na
2
CO
3
.H
2
O.
Bai tap 7
- 2Al + 2H
2
O + 2NaOH 2NaAlO
2
+ 3H
2
| (1)
- 2 KMnO
4
+ 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl
2
+ 5Cl
2
| + 8H
2
O (2)
- 2 KCl O
3
2KCl + 3O
2
| (3)
(1) somol H
2
= 33 , 0
2
3
.
27
94 , 5
=
(2) somol Cl
2
= 03 , 0
2
5
.
158
896 , 1
=
(3) somol O
2
= 15 , 0
2
3
.
5 , 122
25 , 12
=
- Khi ot chay:
H
2
+ Cl
2
2HCl .
0,03 mol 0,06 mol
2H
2
+ O
2
2H
2
O
0,33 mol 0,33 mol
m
HCl
= 0,06 . 36,5 = 2,19g
O
2
H
m = 0,33 . 18 = 5,94 g
% 94 , 26 % 100 .
94 , 5 19 , 2
19 , 2
% C =
+
=

23
Bai tap 8
Phan ng xay ra khi ot hon hp: 2CO + O
2
2CO
2

V
CO
= 2
2
O
V = 2.8 = 16 l t

2
CO
V (trong hh) = 20 16 = 4 l t
%V
CO
= % 80 % 100 .
20
16
= . %
2
CO
V = 20%.
Bai tap 9
- Kh l am uc nc voi trong : CO
2

CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O
- Kh l am qui tm am chuyen sang mau o: HCl .
- Kh l am bay mau mc tren gi ay: Cl
2
.
- Kh chay trong khong kh cho ngon l a xanh nhat: H
2
.
O
2
+ 2H
2
2H
2
O
- Kh l am tan than bung chay: O
2
.
O
2
+ C CO
2
|
- Kh chay trong khong kh cho san pham l am uc nc voi trong: CO.
O
2
+ 2CO 2CO
2
|
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O
Bai tap 10
a) Cac phng trnh hoa hoc:
C + O
2
CO
2
(1)
2C + O
2
2CO (2)
CuO + CO Cu + CO
2
(3)
- Nh vay toan bocacbon achuyen thanh kh CO
2
.
- Dan kh CO
2
vao nc voi trong, xay ra phan ng:
Ca(OH)
2
+ CO
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O (4)
b) Theo (1), (2), (3) va(4):

3
CaCO
n = =
2
CO
n n
C
= 6 , 0
12
2 , 7
=
g 60 100 . 6 , 0
3
CaCO
m = = .


24
Bai tap 11
Dung dung dch HCl .
- Chat khong tac dung vi HCl l abot than.
- Chat tan trong dung dch HCl tao dung dch mau xanh l aCuO.
CuO + 2HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
O.
- Chat tac dung vi dung dch HCl si nh kh l aMnO
2
.
MnO
2
+ 4HCl MnCl
2
+ 2H
2
O + Cl
2
|
Bai tap 12
A l akh cl o (Cl
2
)
- Tnh somol cac chat:

2
MnO
n = 1
87
87
= mol .
n
NaOH
= 0,5.5 = 2,5 mol
- Cac phng trnh hoa hoc
MnO
2
+ 4HCl MnCl
2
+ 2H
2
O + Cl
2
|
1 mol 1 mol
Cl
2
2
O (2)
1 mol 2mol 1 mol 1 mol
C
M
(NaCl ) = C
M
(NaCl O) =
5 , 0
1
= 2M
- C
M
(NaOH d) = 1
5 , 0
2 5 , 2
=
M
etnh nong ophan tram (C%) cua cac chat trong dung dch B,
ta tnh khoi l ng dung dch B vakhoi l ng cac chat NaCl ,
NaCl O vaNaOH d.
Bai tap 13
Phi ki m A cohoa trI I I vi hi dro do ocong thc oxi t cao nhat co
cong thc A
2
O
5
.
- %A = 100% - 56,34% = 43,66%.
- Ta co56,34% phan tkhoi ng vi 16 . 5 = 80 vc.
Vay 43,66% phan tkhoi ng vi 62
34 , 56
80 . 66 , 43
= vc.

25
Nguyen tkhoi cua A = 31
2
62
= . Vay A l aphot pho (P).
Bai tap 14
a) Khoi l ng mol phan tcua kh X:
M
X
= g 34
5
4 , 22 . 59 , 7
=
Somol X em ot chay : nX =
34
4 , 3
= 0,1 mol .
Somol cac chat si nh ra sau khi ot:

2
SO
n =
4 , 22
24 , 2
= 0,1mol ;
O
2
H
n =
18
8 , 1
= 0,1mol
Nh vay: 1 mol X ot chay tao thanh 1 mol SO
2
+ 1 mol H
2
O
Vay trong nguyen tX co1 nguyen tS va2 nguyen tH. X l aH
2
S.
b) Phng trnh phan ng ot chay H
2
S:
2H
2
S + 3O
2
2SO
2
+ H
2
O
Theo phng trnh phan ng:
2
O
V =
2
3
S
2
H
V = 7,5 l t.
Bai tap 15
a/ Khoi l ng KCl O
3
trong dung dch ban au = 6,5%. 600 = 39 g.
Goi l ng muoi ket ti nh l aa gam. Khoi l ng dung dch sau ket ti nh
l ab gam.
= +
= +
39 b
100
5 , 6
a
413 b a

=
=
400 b
13 a

b/ Khoi l ng dung dch con l ai l a400g.
Khoi l ng chat tan trong dung dch con l ai bang 6,5%.
400 = 39 -13 = 26g.
Bai tap 16
a/ Chat tac dung vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
l oang si nh ra:
Mg + H
2
SO
4
MgSO
4
+ H
2
|
- Kh H
2
nhehn khong kh.
MgCO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
MgSO
4
+ H
2
O + CO
2
|
Kh CO
2
nang hn khong kh

26
b/ Chat khong tac dung vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
l oang nhng tac dung
vi H
2
SO
4
ac, si nh ra chat kh l anguyen nhan gay ma axt l aCu:
Cu + 2H
2
SO
4
CuSO
4
+ SO
2
| + 2H
2
O
Kh SO
2
l anguyen nhan gay ma axt.
c/ Cothedung dung dch H
2
SO
4
l oang ephan bi et CuO vaMgO:
Cho 2 oxi t tren tac dung vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
l oang:
CuO + H
2
SO
4
CuSO
4
+ H
2
O
MgO + H
2
SO
4
MgSO + H
2
O
Dung dch CuSO
4
comau xanh l am, dung dch MgSO
4
khong mau
Bai tap 17
a/ Tao ket tua mau trang vacobot kh bay l en:
SO
2
+ H
2
O + Ca (HCO
3
)
2
CaSO
3
++ 2H
2
O + 2CO
2
|
b/ Qui tm oi mau hong, sau otrl ai mau tm nh ban au:
CO
2
+ H
2
O H
2
CO
3
.
H
2
CO
3

t
o
CO
2
+ H
2
O
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O
Bai tap 18
a/ at cong thc cua thuy ti nh l a: aNa
2
O.bCaO.cSi O
2
.
i eu ki en:
- a, b, c: l asonguyen dng.
- Tyl ea: b: c l atoi gi an.
Theo au bai ta cotl e:
a: b: c = =
60
75
:
56
12
:
62
13
0,21: 0,21: 1,25
Vay cong thc can tm l a: Na
2
O.CaO.6Si O
2
.
b/ Gi ai tng t: K
2
O.CaO.6Si O
2
.
Bai tap 19
- Somol sat val u huynh:
Fe S
5, 6 1, 6
n 0, 1mol , n 0, 05mol
56 32
= = = =
a) Phan ng: Fe + S FeS
1mol 1mol
0,1mol 0,05mol

27
b) Lap tl e:
1
05 , 0
1
1 , 0
> suy ra sat d.
Chat ran sau phan ng: Fe, FeS.
- Phan ng: Fe + S FeS
1mol 1mol 1mol
Ban au: 0,1mol 0,05mol
Phan ng: 0,05mol 0,05mol
Sau (p): 0,05mol 0 0,05mol
- Somol cac chat sau phan ng: n
Fe
= 0,05mol , n
FeS
= 0,05mol
- Chat ran A l aFe d, FeS phan ng vi HCl :
- Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
(1)
0,05mol 0,1mol
- FeS + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
S (2)
0, 05mol 0,1mol
Somol HCl phan ng (1), (2): 0,1 + 0,1 = 0,2mol .
- Tnh the tch dung dch HCl 1M a tham gi a phan ng:
ml 200 1000
1
2 , 0
=
Bai tap 20
Gi assomol ki m l oai M l ax, khoi l ng nguyen tl aA.
Phng trnh phan ng:
2M + 3Cl
2
2MCl
3

2mol 2mol
xmol xmol
- Phng trnh khoi l ng ki m l oai : A.x = 10,8 (1)
- Phng trnh khoi l ng muoi : (A + 106,5)x = 53,4 (2)
- Lay phng trnh (2) tr(1) vetheo ve:
Ax + 106,5x Ax = 53,4 10,8 = 42,6
106,5x = 42,6 suy ra x = 0,4
Thex = 0,4 vao phng trnh (1) suy ra A = 10,8/0,4 = 27.
Vay A l aAl , muoi : Al Cl
3


28
Bai tap 21
- Somol cl o: mol 05 , 0
4 , 22
12 , 1
2
Cl
n = =
- Phan ng: Cl
2
2
O
1mol 2mol 1mol 1mol
0,05mol 0,1mol 0,05mol 0,05mol
- Thetch dung dch NaOH 1M can: ml 100 1000 .
1
1 , 0
V = =
- Cac chat sau phan ng l a: NaCl (0,05mol ), NaCl O (0,05mol ), the
tch hon hp l a: V = V
NaOH
= 0,1 l i t.
- M 5 , 0
1 , 0
05 , 0
NaCl O / M
C
NaCl / M
C = = =
Bai tap 22
Hng dan
- Somol cacbon cotrong 5kg than 90% : mol 375
100 . 12
90 . 5000
=
- Phan ng chay: C + O
2

t
o
CO
2
+ Q
1mol 394kJ
375mol ?
- Nhi et l ng toa ra khi ot chay 5kg than cha 90% cacbon:
kJ 147750
1
394 . 375
=
Bai tap 23
Vi et phng trnh hoa hoc cua CO
2
vi dung dch NaOH, trong cac
trng hp:
a) Tl esomol CO
2
vaNaOH l a1:1. Tao ra muoi axi t.
NaOH + CO
2
NaHCO
3
b) Tl esomol CO
2
vaNaOH l a1:2. Tao ra muoi trung tnh.
CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
c) Tl esomol CO
2
vaNaOH l a: 2:3.
1
2
2
3
1
1
< < nen tao 2 muoi .
CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
NaOH + CO
2
NaHCO
3

29
Bai tap 24
Goi a, b l an l t l athetch cua CO
2
vaCO
oi vi chat kh cung i eu ki en nhi et o, ap suat, tl emol bang
thetch:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O.
a l i t
O
2
+ 2CO

2CO
2
b/2 l i t b l i t
Ta co: b/2 = 2 l i t suy ra b = 4, a = 16 -4 =12.
% % 25 100
16
4
CO
V = = , suy ra %V
CO2
= 100 25 =75%.
Bai tap 25
H
2
SO
4
+ 2NaHCO
3
Na
2
SO
4
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
98g 22,4 l i t
980g ?
- Thetch kh CO
2
(ktc) tao thanh: l i t 224
98
41 , 22 . 980
V = =
Bai tap 26
a) Goi cong thc A: S
x
O
y

- Somol cua 1g kh A: mol 015625 , 0
4 , 22
35 , 0
=
- Phan tkhoi cua kh A: 64
015625 , 0
1
M = =
- A l ahp chat cua l u huynh cha 50% oxi : 2 y
100
50
64
y 16
= =
- Cong thc A: S
x
O
2
: M = 32.x + 32 = 64 suy ra x = 32.
- Cong thc A: SO
2

b) Somol SO
2
: mol 2 , 0
64
8 , 12
=
- Somol NaOH: 0,3.1,2 = 0,36mol .

30
Ta cotl e: 2
2 , 0
36 , 0
2
SO
n
NaOH
n
1 < = < tao ra 2 muoi trung hoa vaaxi t.
SO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
amol 2amol amol
NaOH + SO
2
NaHSO
3
(2)
bmol bmol bmol
Goi a, b l an l asomol SO
2
tham gi a phan ng (1) va(2)
- Ta cohephng trnh:
= +
= +
2 , 0 b a
36 , 0 b a 2
=
=
04 , 0 b
16 , 0 a

- Nong domol cua Na
2
SO
3
: M
3
16
3 , 0
16 , 0
=
- Nong domol cua NaHSO
3
: M
30
4
3 , 0
04 , 0
=
Bai tap 27
- Goi cong thc cua mot l oai oxi sat: Fe
x
O
y

- Goi somol oxi t sat trong 32g l aa mol
Fe
x
O
y
+ yCO xFe + yCO
2
amol axmol aymol
- Ta cohephng trnh:
=
=
4 , 22 56 . ax
32 a 160
=
=
2 x
2 , 0 a

160 = 56.2 + 16y suy ra y = 3
- Cong thc: Fe
2
O
3

b) Somol CO
2
: n = y =0,6mol
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O
0,6mol 0,6mol
- Khoi l ng ket tua: 0,6.100 = 60g


31
Bai tap 28
Somol MnO
2
: mol 8 , 0
87
6 , 69
=
Somol NaOH: 0,5.4 = 2mol
4HCl + MnO
2

t
o
MnCl
2
+ 2H
2
O + Cl
2
0,8mol 0,8mol
Somol NaOH d, tnh cac chat theo somol cl o.
Cl
2
2
O
M 6 , 1
5 , 0
8 , 0
NaCl O
C , M 6 , 1
5 , 0
8 , 0
NaCl
C = = = =

Bai tap 29
Hoan thanh chuoi phan ng:
NaCl Cl
2
FeCl
3
BaCl
2
NaCl Cl
2

- 2NaCl + 2H
2
O
pdd_mn
Cl
2
+

H
2
+ 2NaOH
- 3Cl
2
+ 2Fe 2FeCl
3

- 2FeCl
3
+ 3Ba(OH)
2
2Fe(OH)
3
+ + 3BaCl
2

- BaCl
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
BaSO
4
+ 2NaCl.
- 2NaCl + 2H
2
O
pdd_mn
Cl
2
+

H
2
+ 2NaOH
Bai tap 30
a)
- Somol CaCO
3
: mol 01 , 0
100
1
=
- Somol Cu: mol 01 , 0
64
64 , 0
=
- Goi x, y l an l t l asomol cua CO
2
vaCO.
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O.
0,01mol 0,01mol


32
CuO + CO

Cu + CO
2
0,01mol 0,01mol
b) Xac nh thanh phan phan tram theo thetch cac kh trong hon hp.
oi vi chat kh cung i eu ki en nhi et o, ap suat, phan tram the
tch cung l aphan tram somol :
%CO = % 50 100 .
01 , 0 01 , 0
01 , 0
=
+

%CO
2
= 100 50 = 50%.


1
CHNG I V
HI DROCACBON V ANHI EN L I EU
I . K hai niem vehp chat hu c vahoa hoc hu c
1. K hai niem vehp chat hu c
- Hp chat hu c l ahp chat cua cacbon, trCO, CO
2
, muoi
cacbua, muoi cacbonat...
- Hp chat hu c c chi a thanh hai :
+ Hi drocacbon: hp chat hu c chcha hi dro vacacbon
+ Dan xuat cua hi drocacbon: trong phan t, ngoai hai nguyen to
C vaH con conhng nguyen tokhac nh O, N, S, Cl ...
- Cac chat hu c l avat l i eu c ban tao nen c theong vat vathc
vat, cotrong thc an hang ngay cua con ngi .
2. K hai niem vehoa hoc hu c
Hoa hoc hu c l anganh nghi en cu cac hp chat hu c.
I I . Cau tao phan thp chat hu c
1. Hoa tr valien ket gia cac nguyen t
- Trong phan thp chat hu c, cac nguyen tphai c sap at
theo mot trat txac nh, phuhp vi hoa trcua cac nguyen to.
- Trong chat hu c, cacbon cohoa trI V.
- Cac nguyen tcacbon cothel i en ket vi nhau tao thanh: mach
thang, mach nhanh, mach vong.
2. Cong thc phan tvacong thc cau tao
- Cong thc phan tcho bi et:
+ Songuyen tcua moi nguyen tocotrong phan t.
+ Phan tkhoi .
- Tnh chat cua cac chat hu c khong chphu thuoc vao thanh
phan nguyen tocau tao, songuyen tcua cac nguyen to, macon
tuy thuoc vao cau tao cua chat ay.
- Cong thc cau tao cho bi et:
+ Thanh phan cua phan tvaphan tkhoi .
+ Trat tl i en ket gi a cac nguyen ttrong phan t.
I I I . M etan
- Cong thc phan tcua metan: CH
4


2
- Cong thc cau tao:
C H
H
H
H

- Phan tkhoi : 16
1. Tnh chat vat ly
Metan l achat kh khong mau, rat t tan trong nc, nhehn khong kh.
2. Tnh chat hoa hoc
- Phan ng vi oxi : CH
4
+ 2O
2

t
o
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
- Phan ng thevi cl o
CH
4
+ Cl
2

askt
CH
3
Cl + HCl
3. ng dung
- Nhi en l i eu quan trong trong cong nghi ep vatrong i song.
- Metan l anguyen l i eu cho nganh cong nghi ep hoa chat.
I V. Etilen
- Cong thc phan tcua eti l en: C
2
H
4

- Cong thc cau tao:
C
H
H
H
H
C

- Phan tkhoi : 28

1. Tnh chat vat ly
Eti l en l achat kh khong mau, rat t tan trong nc, nhehn khong kh.
2. Tnh chat hoa hoc
a) Phan ng vi oxi
C
2
H
4
+ 3O
2

t
o
2CO
2
+ 2H
2
O

b) Phan ng cong vi br om
C
2
H
4
+ Br
2

askt

2 2
Br CH CH Br (di brom metan)

3
- Dung dch Br
2
mau da cam.
- Dung dch di brom metan khong mau.
c) Phan ng tr ung hp:

nCH
2
= CH
2
(CH
2
= CH
2
)
2

3. ieu chevang dung
- i eu che C
2
H
4
:

H
2
C CH
2
H
2
SO
4
180
o
C
CH
3
CH
2
OH
H
2
O
+

- ng dung
+ Nguyen l i eu san xuat ru eti l i c, axi t axeti c, chat deo PE..
+ Dung kch thch quatrnh chn cua qua.
V. Axetilen
- Cong thc phan tcua axeti l en: C
2
H
2

- Cong thc cau tao:
CH
H C

- Phan tkhoi : 26
1. Tnh chat vat ly
Axeti l en l achat kh khong mau, rat t tan trong nc, nhehn khong kh.
2. Tnh chat hoa hoc
a) Phan ng vi oxi
2C
2
H
2
+ 5O
2

t
o
4CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
b) Phan ng cong vi br om
C
2
H
2
+ Br Br CH =CH Br
Br CH=CH Br + Br
2
Br
2
CH- CHBr
2
3. ieu chevang dung
- ieu che
C + H
2
C
2
H
2
3000
O
C
2

Ni , t
0
eti l en

pol i eti l en


4
2CH
4
1500
O
C
C
2
H
2
H
2
+
3

2 C
2
H
2
+
CaC
2
H
2
O
Ca(OH)
2
+

- ng dung
+ Nhi en l i eu cho en x.
+ Nguyen l i eu cho nganh cong nghi ep tong hp hu c.
VI . Benzen
- Cong thc phan tcua benzen: C
6
H
6

- Phan tkhoi : 78
1. Tnh chat vat ly
- Chat l ong khong mau, l i nh ong.
- Nhe hn nc, khong tan trong nc nhng tan nhi eu trong cac
dung moi hu c nh ru, ete...
- Benzen l adung moi cua nhi eu chat nh chat beo, caosu..
- Bezen oc.
2. Tnh chat hoa hoc
a) Phan ng vi oxi
2C
6
H
6
+ 15O
2

t
o
12CO
2
+ 6H
2
O
b) Phan ng the vi br om
C
6
H
6
+ Br
2

bot Fe
C
6
H
5
-Br

+ HBr
brom benzen

c) Phan ng cong vi hidr o
C
6
H
6
+ 3H
2

Ni, t
o
C
6
H
12
(xi cl ohexan)
3. ng dung
- Benzen l adung moi .
- Benzen l anguyen l i eu trong nen cong nghi ep nhuom, chat deo..
Cau 1: Hp chat hu c l a:

5
b) n chat cua cacbon vahi dro.
c) Hp chat cua cacbon vahi dro
d) Hp chat cua cacbon (trCO, CO
2
, H
2
CO
3
cac muoi cacbonat, cac
muoi cacbua)
Cau 2: Tnh chat cua cac chat hu c phuthuoc vao:
a) Thanh phan nguyen to, sol ng nguyen tcua cac nguyen to.
b) Thanh phan nguyen to, cau tao hoa hoc cua cac chat ay.
c) sol ng nguyen tcua cac nguyen to, cau tao hoa hoc cua cac
chat ay.
d) Cau tao hoa hoc cua cac chat ay, thanh phan nguyen to, sol ng
nguyen tcua cac nguyen to.
Cau 3: Chon cau ung, trong hp chat hu c:.
a) Cac nguyen tcacbon chl i en ket vi cac nguyen t cua nguyen
tokhac tao thanh mach thang, nhanh, vong.
b) Cac nguyen tcacbon cothel i en ket vi nhau vachtao thanh
mach thang.
c) Cac nguyen tcacbon khong chl i en ket vi cac nguyen t cua
nguyen tokhac macon cothel i en ket vi nhau tao thanh mach
thang, nhanh, vong.
d) Cac nguyen thi dro l i en ket vi nhng nguyen tC.
Cau 4: Metan conhi eu :
a) Mokh b) Nc ao
c) Khong kh d) Nc bi en

Cau 5: Metan l a:
a) Chat kh, khong mau, comui tanh.
b) Chat kh, khong mau, khong mui , tan trong nc.
c) Chat kh nang hn khong kh.
d) Chat kh, khong mau, khong mui , t tan trong nc.
Cau 6: Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng cua metan l a:
a) Phan ng the b) Phan ng chay
c) Phan ng cong d) Phan ng trung hp
Cau 7: Eti l en l a:

6
a) Chat kh, khong mau, comui hac, nang hn khong kh.
b) Chat kh, khong mau, khong mu i , t tan trong nc, nhehn khong
kh 3 l an.
c) Chat kh nang hn khong kh 2 l an.
d) Chat kh, khong mau, khong mui , t tan trong nc, nhehn khong
kh.
Cau 8: Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng cua eti l en l a:
a) Phan ng the b) Phan ng chay
c) Phan ng cong, trung hp d) Phan ng trung hp
Cau 9: enhan bi et eti l en cothedung:
a) Qui tm vaCaCO
3
b) Cho l oi qua dung dch brom (mau da cam), eti l en sel amat mau
dung dch brom.
c) Trung hp
d) Tac dung vi axi t, qui tm.
Cau 10: Tnh chat vat l ychung cua metan, eti l en vaaxeti l en l a:
a) Chat kh, khong mau, comui hac, nang hn khong kh.
b) Chat kh, khong mau, khong mui , tan trong nc, nhehn khong kh.
c) Chat kh nang hn khong kh.
d) Chat kh, khong mau, khong mui, t tan trong nc, nhehn khong kh.
Cau 11: Nhng hi drocacbon nao sau ay chcol i en ket n:
a) Metan b) Eti l en
c) Axeti l en d) Benzen
Cau 12: Nhng hi drocacbon nao sau ay col i en ket ba:
Cau 13
Nhng hi drocacbon nao sau ay chcol i en ket n val i en ket oi :
Cau 14: Tnh chat ac trng cua benzen l a:
a) Chat l ong, chay cho ngon l a sang.
b) Chat kh, comui ac trng, khong tan trong nc.

7
c) Chat l ong, comui ac trng, khong tan trong nc.
d) Chat ran, hoa tan tot trong nc.
Cau 15: Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng cua benzen l a:
a) Phan ng the
b) Phan ng thevaphan ng cong.

c) Phan ng cong vatrung hp
d) a, b, c eu ung.
Cau 16: esdung nhi en l i eu hi eu quacan cung cap oxi :
a) D b) Tuy trng hp

c) Thi eu d) Va u.
Cau 17: Cohai l okh mat nhan ng: CH
4
vaC
2
H
4
. Cothedung hoa
chat g enhan bi et:
a) Nc brom b) Nc voi trong (Ca(OH)
2
)
c) Nc cat d) Dung dch phenol phtal ei n .
Cau 18: Mot hon hp gom hai kh CH
4
vaC
2
H
4
. ethu kh CH
4
ti nh
khi et ta dung hoa chat sau:
a) Nc brom thi eu b) Nc voi trong (Ca(OH)
2
)
c) Nc cat d) Nc brom d.

Cau 19: Mot hon hp gom hai kh CO
2
vaC
2
H
4
. ethu kh C
2
H
4
ti nh
khi et ta dung hoa chat sau:
a) Nc brom thi eu b) Nc voi trong (Ca(OH)
2
)
c) Nc cat d) Nc brom d.
Cau 20: Phan ng chay gi a eti l en vaoxi . Tl egi a somol CO
2
vaso
mol nc si nh ra l a:
a) 1:1 b) 1:2
c) 2:1 d) 2:2
C. BAI TAP NANG CAO
oi vi bai toan xac nh cong thc phan tcua hp chat hu c A co
dang C
x
H
y
O
x
c ti en hanh nh sau, khoi l ng cua A mang i phan
ng hoac phan tch l am
A
- Bc 1: xac nh khoi l ng C: 12 .
2
CO
n
C
m =

8
- Bc 2: xac nh khoi l ng H: 2 .
O
2
H
n
H
m =
- Bc 3: xac nh khoi l ng O: m
o
= m
A
m
C
- m
H

- Neu bai toan cho phan tkhoi cua A (M
A
) th:
= = =
A
M
A
m
O
m
z 16
H
m
y
C
m
x 12
x, y, z
- Neu bai toan khong cho phan tkhoi cua A th:
=
16
O
m
:
1
H
m
:
12
C
m
z : y : x suy ra cong thc nguyen
(v dunh bai 31)
Bai tap 1
Phan thp chat A cohai nguyen to. Khi ot 7g chat A thu c 9g
nc. Xac nh cong thc phan tcua A, bi et khoi l ng phan tcua
A l a70g.
Bai tap 2
Vi et cong thc cau tao cua C
5
H
10

Bai tap 3
Mot hon hp gom cokh eti l en, kh CO
2
vahi nc. Trnh bay
phng phap thu c kh eti l en ti nh khi et.
Bai tap 4
Vi et phng trnh phan ng i eu cheC
2
H
2
, C
2
H
4
tcanxi cacbua.
Bai tap 5
Khi ot chay:
- Metan chay thanh ngon l a xanh m.
- Axeti l en chay thanh ngon l a sang.
- Benzen chay thanh ngon l a kem sang hn axeti l en vaconhi eu
khoi en. Hay gi ai thch cac hi en tng tren.
Bai tap 6
Cho 6g hon hp gom metan vaeti l en, chi em thetch 6,72 l i t ktc.
a) Tnh thanh phan phan tram cac chat trong hon hp theo somol
vatheo khoi l ng.

9
b) Khi dan 13,44 l i t kh hon hp i qua dung dch nc brom, nhan
thay dung dch b nhat mau vabnh cha dung dch tang them
m(g) tnh m?
Bai tap 7
Hp chat hu c A cothanh phan khoi l ng cac nguyen tonh
sau :
40% C, 6,7% H, 53,3% O. Xac nh cong thc phan tcua hp
chat hu c A, bi et khoi l ng phan tcua A l a60.
Bai tap 8
ot chay hoan toan 11,2 l i t kh hon hp metan vaaxeti l en. Lay
toan bokh CO
2
si nh ra cho vao dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d thu c
60g ket tua. Tnh % somol cua hai kh ban au.
Bai tap 9
Cho benzen tac dung vi brom tao brom benzen. Tnh khoi l ng
benzen can dung ei eu che47,1g brom benzen, bi et hi eu suat
phan ng l a80%.
Bai tap 10
Tnh thetch kh eti l en can thi et etong hp 280g PE.
Bai tap 11
eot chay hoan toan mot chat hu c A phai dung 0,3mol oxi
thu c 4,48 l i t CO
2
ktc va5,4g nc. Tkhoi hi cua A oi
vi H
2
l a23. Tm cong thc phan tcua A.

Bai tap 12
ot chay hoan toan 10,6g hon hp A gom kh metan, axeti l en va
eti l en, ta thu c 26,4g CO
2
Mat khac khi cho hon hp A i qua
dung dch brom d th chco48g brom phan ng. Tnh thanh phan
phan tr am theo thetch cua moi chat kh tr ong hon hp.
Bai tap 13
ot chay hoan toan ag chat hu c A can het 56 l i t kh O
2
ktc.
San pham sau phan ng gom CO
2
vaH
2
O c chi a l am oi .
- Phan I cho qua H
2
SO
4
am ac thay khoi l ng bnh H
2
SO
4
tang
l en l a9g.

10
- Phan I I cho qua CaO thay khoi l ng tang l en l a53g. Tm cong
thc phan tcua A bi et A cosoC s 2
Bai tap 14
Phan tch 0,9g hp chat hu c A thu c 672cm
3
(ktc) va0,54g
nc. Tm cong thc phan tcua A bi et khi hoa hi A thu c
thetch kh ung bang thetch cua kh NO cokhoi l ng tng
ng trong cung i eu ki en nhi et o.
Bai tap 15
Cphan tch mot chat hu c A, thay c4,2g cacbon, l ai co5,6g
oxi va0,7g hi dro. Xac nh cong thc phan t, bi et 2g chat hu c
A chi em thetch 746,6cm
3
ktc.
Bai tap 16:
ot chay hoan toan 0,42g hp chat A thu c CO
2
vanc. Khi
dan toan bosan pham qua bnh nc voi trong th khoi l ng bnh
tang l en l a1,86g va3g ket tua. Khi hoa hi mg A th V
A
= 40V
cua mg N
2
(cung i eu ki en). Xac nh cong thc phan tcua A.
Bai tap 17
Phan tch 1,5g mot chat hu c A thu c 0,896 l i t CO
2
, 0,224 l i t
N
2
(ktc) va0,9g nc. Xac nh cong thc phan tcua A bi et t
khoi cua A oi vi hi dro l a18,75.

Bai tap 18
Phan tch 0,9g A thu c 1,76g CO
2
, 1,26g nc, 224cm
3
kh ni t
ktc. Xac nh cong thc phan tcua A, bi et tkhoi cua A oi
vi NO l a1,5.
Bai tap 19
ot chay 0,9g chat hu c X thu c 2,64g CO
2
va1,62g nc.
X ac nh cong t hc phan t X . Bi et socacbon nhohn 4.

11
Bai tap 20
ot chay 0,9g chat hu c A thu c CO
2
, nc vakh ni t. Cho
san pham qua dung dch Ca(OH)
2
khoi l ng bnh tang 3,02g, xuat
hi en 4g ket tua va0,224l kh thoat ra ktc. Xac nh cong thc A.
Bai tap 21
Vi et cong thc cau tao rut gon cua cac chat sau:
CH
4
O, C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
4
O
2
Bai tap 22
Phan thp chat hu c co2 nguyen to. Khi ot chay 3g chat A
thu c 5,4g nc. Hay xac nh cong thc phan tcua A, bi et
khoi l ng mol cua A l a30g.
Bai tap 23
ot chay hoan toan 11,2 l i t kh metan. Hay tnh thetch kh oxi
can dung vathetch kh cacboni c tao thanh. Bi et cac thetch kh
o ktc.
Bai tap 24
Neu phng phap hoa hoc el oai bokh eti l en col an trong kh
metan ethu c metan ti nh khi et.
Bai tap 25
eot 4,48 l i t kh eti l en can dung:
a) Bao nhi eu l t oxi .
b) Bao nhi eu l t khong kh (tat cacac kh o ktc)
Bai tap 26
Bi et 0,1 l i t kh eti l en (ktc) l am mat mau toi a 50ml dung dch
brom. Neu dung 0,1 l t kh axeti l en (ktc) th cothel am mat mau
toi a bao nhi eu ml dung dch brom tren.
Bai tap 27
ot chay 28ml hon hp kh metan vaaxeti l en can phai dung 67,2ml
oxi .
a) Tnh phan tram thetch cua moi kh trong hon hp.
b) Tnh thetch kh CO
2
si nh ra (cac kh o cung i eu ki en nhi et
o, ap suat)
Bai tap 28

12
Cho 0,56l i t (ktc) hon hp gom C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
2
tac dung vi dung dch
brom d, l ng brom atham gi a phan ng l a5,6g.
a) Hay vi et phng trnh hoa hoc.
b) Tnh phan tram thetch cua moi kh trong hon hp.
Bai tap 29
Cho benzen tac dung vi brom tao ra brom benzen:
b) Tnh khoi lng benzen can dung eieu che15,7g brom benzen.
Bi et hi eu suat 80%.
Bai tap 30
ot chay V l t kh thi en nhi en cha 96% CH
4
, 2% N
2
va2% CO
2

vethetch.
Toan bosan pham c dan qua dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d thu c 4,9g
ket tua.
b) Tnh V (ktc)
Bai tap 31
ot chay 3g chat hu c A, thu c 8,8g kh CO
2
va5,4g nc.
a) Trong chat hu c A conhng nguyen tonao?
b) Bi et phan tkhoi cua A nhohn 40. Tm cong thc A
c) Chat A col am mat mau dung dch brom.
d) Vi et phng trnh A vi cl o khi coanh sang.

D. CAU HOI TRAC NGHI EM
Cau 1: Hp chat hu c l a:
d) Hp chat cua cacbon (trCO, CO
2
, H
2
CO
3
cac muoi cacbonat, cac
muoi cacbua)
Cau 2: Tnh chat cua cac chat hu c phuthuoc vao:
d) Cau tao hoa hoc cua cac chat ay, thanh phan nguyen to, so l ng
nguyen tcua cac nguyen to.

13
Cau 3: Chon cau ung, trong hp chat hu c:
c) Cac nguyen tcacbon khong chl i en ket vi cac nguyen t cua
nguyen tokhac macon cothel i en ket vi nhau tao thanh mach
thang, nhanh, vong.
Cau 4: Metan conhi eu :
a) Mokh
Cau 5: Metan l a:
d) Chat kh, khong mau, khong mui , t tan trong nc.
Cau 6: Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng cua metan l a:
a) Phan ng the
Cau 7: Eti l en l a:
d) Chat kh, khong mau, khong mui , t tan trong nc, nhehn
khong kh.
Cau 8: Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng cua eti l en l a:
c) Phan ng cong, trung hp
Cau 9: enhan bi et eti l en cothedung:
b) Cho l oi qua dung dch brom (mau da cam), eti l en sel amat mau
dung dch brom.
Cau 10: Tnh chat vat l ychung cua metan, eti l en vaaxeti l en l a:
d) Chat kh, khong mau, khong mui , t tan trong nc, nhehn khong
kh.
Cau 11: Nhng hi drocacbon nao sau ay chcol i en ket n.
a) Metan
Cau 12: Nhng hi drocacbon nao sau ay col i en ket ba.
c) Axeti l en
Cau 13:
Nhng hi drocacbon nao sau ay chcol i en ket n val i en ket oi .
b) Eti l en
Cau 14: Tnh chat ac trng cua benzen l a:
c) Chat l ong, comui ac trng, khong tan trong nc.
Cau 15: Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng cua benzen l a:
b) Phan ng thevaphan ng cong.


14
Cau 16: esdung nhi en l i eu hi eu quacan cung cap oxi :
d) Va u.
Cau 17: Cohai l okh mat nhan ng: CH
4
vaC
2
H
4
cothedung hoa chat
g enhan bi et:
a) Nc brom
Cau 18: Mot hon hp gom hai kh CH
4
vaC
2
H
4
. ethu kh CH
4
ti nh khi et
ta dung hoa chat sau:
d) Nc brom d.
Cau 19: Mot hon hp gom hai kh CO
2
vaC
2
H
4
. ethu kh C
2
H
4
ti nh khi et
ta dung hoa chat sau:
b) Nc voi trong (Ca(OH)
2
)
Cau 20: Phan ng chay gi a eti l en vaoxi . Tl egi a somol CO
2
vasomol
nc si nh ra l a:
d) 2:2

E. HNG DAN GI AI VAAP SOBAI TAP NANG CAO
Bai tap 1
- Khi ot A thu c nc. Vay chat A conguyen toH. Vay A l a
hi drocacbon, goi cong thc cua A l aC
x
H
y

- Somol chat A: mol 1 , 0
70
7
A
n = =
- Somol nc: mol 5 , 0
18
9
n = =

- Phan ng chay: C
x
H
y
+ (x + y/4)O
2
xCO
2
+ y/2H
2
O
1mol y/2mol
0,1mol 0,5mol
10
2 . 5 , 0 1 , 0
1
= = y
y
; Ta coC
x
H
10
M = 12.x + 10 = 70
suy ra x = 5
- Cong thc phan tcua A : C
5
H
10


15
Bai tap 2 : Vi et cong thc cau tao cua C
5
H
10

H H
H H
H H
H H
H H H
H
C C C C C

C C C C C
H
H H H
H H
H H
H H
H H

H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H H
C C C C
C

H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C C C C
C

H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C C C C
C

H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C C C C
C

Bai tap 3: Phng phap thu c kh eti l en ti nh khi et.
- Kh CO
2
l aoxit axit nen bhap thu bi dung dch kiem theo phng trnh:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
- H
2
SO
4
am ac rat hao nc.
- V vay ethu c kh eti l en ti nh khi et, ta dan hon hp l an l t qua
bnh I cha Ca(OH)
2
d, bnh I I ng H
2
SO
4
am ac d.
Bai tap 4:
Vi et phng trnh phan ng i eu cheC
2
H
2
, C
2
H
4
tcanxi cacbua.
CaC
2
+ 2H
2
O Ca(OH)
2
+ C
2
H
2

C
2
H
2
+ H
2
C
2
H
4

Bai tap 5:
Khi ot chay:

16
- Metan chay thanh ngon l a xanh m.
- Axeti l en chay thanh ngon l a sang.
- Benzen chay thanh ngon la kem sang hn axeti len vaconhieu
khoi en. Gi ai thch cac hi en tng tren.
Trong 3 chat tren metan chco1 cacbon nen khi chay ngon l a
kem sang nhat.
Benzen conhi eu cacbon nhng bezen thel ong vacan phai co
sophan toxi nhi eu hn 3 l an so vi axeti l en. Nen benzen thng
chay khong hoan toan, mot phan cacbon khong chay tao thanh
muoi en vangon l a kem sang.
Bai tap 6
- Somol hon hp: mol 3 , 0
4 , 22
72 , 6
n = =
- at x l asomol cua CH
4
vay l asomol C
2
H
4

- Ta cohephng trnh somol vakhoi l ng cua hon hp:
x + y = 0.3
16x + 28y = 6,0
- Suy ra x = 0.2mol , y = 0,1mol .
a) Phan tram somol cac kh trong hon hp:
66,7% CH
4
va33,3% C
2
H
4
.
Phan tram khoi l ng cac kh trong hon hp :
- % 3 , 53 100 .
6
16 . 2 , 0
4
CH % ~ =
- % 7 , 46 3 , 53 100
4
H
2
C % = =
b) Theo cau a, ta co:
- Trong 6,72 l i t kh hon hp co0,1mol eti l en
13,44 l t 0,2mol eti l en
- Khi dan hon hp kh qua bnh cha dung dch nc brom, dung
dch bnhat mau do xay ra phan ng :

C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
Br CH
2
CH
2
Br
askt

17
- Khoi l ng bnh tang l en, do eti l en ket hp vi brom trong dung
dch, khoi l ng tang l en bang khoi l ng eti l en.
- m = 0,2. 28 = 5,6g
Bai tap 7
at cong thc phan tcua A l aC
x
H
y
O
z
, theo au bai ta co:
2 x
100
40
60
x 12
= =
4 y
100
7 , 6
60
y
= =
2 x
100
3 , 53
60
z 16
= =
Cong thc phan tcua A: C
2
H
4
O
2

Bai tap 8
- Somol hon hp: mol 5 , 0
4 , 22
2 , 11
n = =
4
vay l asomol C
2
H
2

- Phng trnh somol hon hp: x + y = 0,5
- Phng trnh phan ng chay xay ra:
CH
4
+ 2O
2
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O (I )
1mol 1mol
xmol xmol
2C
2
H
2
+ 5O
2
4CO
2
+ 2H
2
O (I I )
2mol 4mol
ymol 2ymol

- Somol CO
2
phng trnh (I ), (I I ): x + 2y (mol )
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
1mol 1mol
x + 2y(mol ) x + 2y(mol )
- Ta cophng trnh khoi l ng ket tua (CaCO
3
):

18
100. (x + 2y) = 60
- Gi ai hephng trnh:
100. (x + 2y) = 60
x + y = 0,5
- Suy ra : x = 0,4mol , y = 0,1mol
- Phan tram somol hai kh ban au:
% 20 80 100
2
H
2
C % % 80 100
5
4 , 0
4
CH % = = = =
Bai tap 9
- Hi eu suat: H s 100%
- Hi eu suat tnh theo san pham:
H = Lng san pham thc te.100% / lng san pham tnh theo phan ng
- Hi eu suat tnh theo chat tham gi a phan ng:
H = L ng chat tham gi a phan ng .100% / l ng chat ban au.
Phng trnh phan ng:
C
6
H
6
+ Br
2
C
6
H
6
Br
2

78g 157g
m(g) 47,1g
- Khoi l ng bezen tham gi a phan ng: g 4 , 23
157
78 . 1 , 47
m = =
- V hi eu suat 80%, khoi l ng benzen can (m
bd
):
g 25 , 29
80
100 . 4 , 23
bd
m % 80
bd
m
4 , 23
100
bd
m
pu
m
% H = = = = =

Bai tap 10
Phng trnh tong hp PE:

nCH
2
= CH
2
(CH
2
= CH
2
)
2

Ni , t
0
eti l en

pol i eti l en


19
nmol 28n (g)
xmol 280g
Suy ra : l i t 224 4 , 22 . 10 4 , 22 . x
4
H
2
C
V mol 10
n 28
n . 280
x = = = = =
Bai tap 11
- Khoi l ng CO
2
: g 8 , 8 44 . 2 . 0 m mol 2 , 0
4 , 22
48 , 4
n = = = =
- Khoi l ng oxi : 0,3.32=9,6g
- Theo nh l uat bao toan ta co:
m
A
+ m
O2
= m
CO2
+ m
H2O
m
A =
m
CO2
+ m
H2O
- m
O2

m
A =
8,8 + 5,4

- 9,6 = 4,6g
- Khoi l ng cacbon trong A: 4 , 2 12 . 2 , 0
C
m = =
- Khoi l ng hi dro trong A: g 6 , 0 2 .
18
4 , 5
H
m = =
- Khoi l ng oxi trong A:
g 6 , 1 6 , 0 4 , 2 6 , 4
O
m
C
m
A
m
O
m = = =
- Gi ascong thc phan tcuaA l a: C
x
H
y
O
z
ta cotl eket hp cua
cac nguyen to:
1 z , 6 y , 2 x
6 , 4
46
6 , 1
z 16
6 , 0
y
4 , 2
x 12
= = = = = =
Cong thc phan tA: C
2
H
6
O
Bai tap 12
- Somol CO
2
: mol 6 , 0
44
4 , 26
n = =
- Somol Br
2
: mol 3 , 0
160
48
n = =
4,
y l asomol cua C
2
H
4
vaz l asomol

C
2
H
2

CH
4
+ 2O
2
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O (I )
1mol 1mol
xmol xmol

C
2
H
4
+ 3O
2
2CO
2
+ 2H
2
O (I I )

20
2mol 4mol
ymol 2ymol
C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
BrCH
2
- CH
2
Br
1mol 1mol
ymol ymol

2C
2
H
2
+ 5O
2
4CO
2
+ 2H
2
O (I I )
2mol 4 mol
zmol 2z mol
C
2
H
2
+ 2Br
2
Br
2
CH- CHBr
2
1mol 2mol
zmol 2zmol
- Ta cohephng trnh:
16x + 28y + 26z = 10,6
x + 2y + 2z = 0,6
y + 2z = 0,3
- Gi ai hephng trnh ta co: x = 0,2mol , y = z = 0,1mol
- Phan tram vethetch cung bang phan tram vesomol .
%CH
4
= 50%, % C
2
H
2
= % C
2
H
4
= 25%
Bai tap 13
- Khoi l ng H
2
SO
4
tang l akhoi l ng nc, m
H2O
= 9g
- Khoi l ng CaO tang l a: m
H2O
+ m
CO2
suy ra m
CO2
= 44g
- ot chay hp chat cho san pham l aCO
2
vaH
2
O nen hp chat coC,
H vacothecoO.

0 32 .
2 . 4 , 22
56
32 .
44
44
16 .
18
9
) pu ( O
m
)
2
CO ( O
m
) O
2
H ( O
m
) A ( O
m
= + =
= + =

- Vay trong A khong coO, gi ascong thc cua A l aC
x
H
y

mol 1
18
9
. 2
O
2
H
n 2
H
n ; mol 1 .
44
44
2
CO
n
C
n = = = = = =
- Ta co: x:y = 1 : 1. Vay cong thc cua A l a(C
1
H
1
)
n
theo au bai so
nguyen t C s 2, cong thc A l aC
2
H
2

Bai tap 14
Cach 1

21
- cung nhi et ovaap suat: tl ethetch bang tl esomol .
- Gi athi et: V
A
= 1/2V
NO
vam
A
= m
NO
suy ra n
A
= 1/2n
NO

60
NO
M . 2
A
M
NO
M
NO
m
2
1
A
M
A
m
= = =

g 48 , 0 06 , 0 36 , 0 9 , 0
O
m , g 06 , 0
2 .
18
54 , 0
H
m , g 36 , 0 12 .
4 , 22
672 , 0
C
m
= = =
= = = =

- Gi ascong thc A: C
x
H
y
O
z

2 z , 4 y , 2 x
9 , 0
60
48 , 0
z 16
06 , 0
y
36 , 0
x 12
= = = = = =
- Cong thc A: C
2
H
4
O
2

Cach 2
12x : y : z = 0,36 : 0,06 : 0,48
1 : 2 : 1
16
48 , 0
:
1
06 , 0
:
12
36 , 0
z : y : x = =
Cong thc cua A: (CH
2
O)
n
maM
A
=60 suy ra n = 2. Cong thc cua A:
C
2
H
4
O
2

Bai tap 15
- Phan tkhoi A: g 60
6 , 746
1000 . 4 , 22 . 2
M = =
- Phan tch mot chat hu c A, thay c4,2g cacbon, l ai co5,6g oxi va
0,7g hi dro: khoi l ng chat A l a4,2 + 5,6 + 0,7 = 10,5g
2 , 4 , 2
5 , 10
60
6 , 5
16
7 , 0 2 , 4
12
= = = = = = z y x
z y x

ap so: C
2
H
4
O
2

Bai tap 16
Hng dan: l am tng tbai 14
ap so: C
5
H
12

Bai tap 17
ap so: C
2
H
5
O
2
N
Bai tap 18

22
ap so: C
2
H
7
N
Bai tap 19
= = = =
= =
C H
O
2, 64 1, 62
m .12 0, 72g, m .2 0, 18g
44 18
m 0, 9 0, 72 0, 18 0g

Cong thc cua A: C
x
H
y
3 : 1 y : x 18 , 0 : 72 , 0 y : x 12 = =
Cong thc A: (CH
3
)
n

N 1 2 3
Cong thc A CH
3
C
2
H
6
C
3
H
9
-
Sohi dro phai chan nen cong thc cua A l a: C
2
H
6
Bai tap 20
ap so: C
2
H
7
N
Bai tap 21
Vi et cong thc cau tao rut gon cua cac chat sau: CH
4
O, C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
4
O
2

- CH
4
O: CH
3
OH
- C
2
H
6
: CH
3
-CH
3

- C
2
H
4
O
2
: CH
3
- COOH
Bai tap 22
- Phan thp chat hu c co2 nguyen to, khi ot chay thu nc
vay A l amot hi drocacbon: C
x
H
y

- Khoi l ng H trong 3g chat hu c: g 6 , 0 2 .
18
4 , 5
=
- Khoi l ng H trong 3g chat hu c: 3 0,6 = 2,4g
- Ta co: 6 , 2
3
30
6 , 0 4 , 2
12
= = = = y x
y x

- Cong thc phan tcua A: C
2
H
6

Bai tap 23
- Phng trnh phan ng chay:
CH
4
+ 2O
2

t
o
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
22,4 l i t 2.22,4 l i t 22,4 l i t

23
11,2 l i t ? ?
- Thetch kh oxi can dung: l i t 4 , 22
4 , 22
4 , 22 . 2 . 2 , 11
=
- Thetch kh cacboni c tao thanh: l i t 2 , 11
4 , 22
4 , 22 . 2 , 11
=
Bai tap 24
- Dan hon hp kh qua dung dch nc brom d, khi oeti l en seb
gi l ai , con kh metan ti nh khi et sethoat ra.
C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
C
2
H
4
Br
2

Bai tap 25
C
2
H
4
+ 3O
2

t
o
2CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
22,4 l i t 3.22,4 l i t
4,46 l i t ?
a) Thetch oxi can:
4, 48.3.22, 4
13, 44
22, 4
= l t
b) Thetch khong kh can:
13, 44.5
67, 2
1
= l t

Bai tap 26
- C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
C
2
H
4
Br
2

1mol 1mol

- C
2
H
2
+ 2Br
2
C
2
H
2
Br
4

1mol 2mol
0,1l i t kh eti l en (ktc) l am mat mau toi a 50ml dung dch brom. Neu
dung 0,1l t kh axeti l en (ktc) th cothel am mat mau toi a 100ml
dung dch brom tren.
Bai tap 27
a) Tnh phan tram thetch cua moi kh trong hon hp.
Goi a ml , b ml l an l t l athetch cua CH
4
vaC
2
H
2
Phan ng chay:

24
- CH
4
+ 2O
2

t
o
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
aml 2.aml aml
- 2C
2
H
2
+ 5O
2
t
o
4CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
bml 5b/2ml 2bml
- Ta cohephng trnh:
= +
= +
2 , 67 b
2
5
a 2
28 b a
=
=
4 , 22 b
6 , 5 a

- % %, 20 100
28
6 , 5
4
CH = = %C
2
H
2
= 100 20 = 80%
b) Tnh thetch kh CO
2
si nh ra (cac kh o cung i eu ki en nhi et o,
ap suat)
V
CO2
= a + 2b = 5,6 + 2.22,4 = 50,4ml
Bai tap 28
- Goi x, y l an l t l asomol cua C
2
H
4
vaC
2
H
2

- Somol cua hon hp: mol 025 , 0
4 , 22
56 , 0
=
a) Phan ng:
- C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
C
2
H
4
Br
2

xmol xmol
- C
2
H
2
+ 2Br
2
C
2
H
2
Br
4

- ymol 2ymol
b) Tnh phan tram thetch cua moi kh trong hon hp.
Ta cohephng trnh:
= +
= +
6 , 5 160 ) y 2 x (
025 , 0 y x
=
=
01 , 0 y
015 , 0 x

- % %, 60 100
025 , 0
015 , 0
4
H
2
C = = %C
2
H
2
= 100 60 = 40%
Bai tap 29
Cho benzen tac dung vi brom tao ra brom benzen:

25
C
6
H
6
+ Br
2

bot Fe
C
6
H
5
Br

+ HBr
78g 157g
? 15,7g
b) Tnh khoi l ng benzen can dung ei eu che15,7g brom benzen.
Bi et hi eu suat 80%.
g 75 , 9
80 . 157
100 . 78 . 7 , 15
6
H
6
C
m = =
Bai tap 30
- CH
4
+ 2O
2

t
o
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
- CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
b) Tnh V (ktc)
- Somol CaCO
3
: mol 049 , 0
100
9 , 4
=
- Gi assomol cua V l i t kh l axmol .
- CH
4
+ 2O
2

t
o
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O (1)
0,96xmol 0,96x mol
Somol CO
2
tham gi a phan ng (2) l a: 0,96x + 0,02x = 0,98xmol
- CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (2)
0,98xmol 0,98xmol
- Ta co: 0,98x = 0,049 suy ra x = 0,05 mol
- Thetch CO
2
ktc : 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 l i t

Bai tap 31
ot chay 3g chat hu c A, thu c 8,8g kh CO
2
va5,4g nc.
a) Trong chat hu c A conhng nguyen tonao:
- Khoi l ng cacbon: g 4 , 2 12
44
8 , 8
=
- Khoi l ng hi dro: g 6 , 0 2
18
4 , 5
=
- Khoi l ng oxi : 3 2,4 -0,6 = g

26
- Trong chat hu c A coC, H.
b) Bi et phan tkhoi cua A nhohn 40. Tm cong thc A
Gi ascong thc cua A l aC
x
H
y
6 : 2
1
6 , 0
:
12
4 , 2
y : x = = khi oA cocong thc: (C
2
H
6
)
n
ma: (12.2 + 6)n = 30n <40 suy ra n = 1
Cong thc cua A: C
2
H
6
c) Chat A khong mat mau dung dch brom.
d) Vi et phng trnh A vi cl o khi coanh sang.
C
2
H
6
+ Cl
2

askt
C
2
H
5
Cl + HCl


1
CHNG V
DAN XUAT CUA HI DROCABON POL I M E
I . RU ETiLI C
- Cong thc phan t: C
2
H
6
O
- Cong thc cau tao:
C H O C
H H
H H
H

- Cong thc cau tao vi et gon: CH
3
-CH
2
-OH
- Phan tkhoi : M = 46.

1. Tnh chat vat ly
- Ru eti l i c (etanol ) l achat l ong khong mau, soi 78,3
o
C.
- Ru el i l i c nhe hn nc, tan vohan trongnc, hoa tan c
nhi eu chat nh i ot, benzen
- oru l a: soml ru eti l i c cotrong 100ml hon hp ru vi
nc.
2. Cau tao phan t
Trong phan tru eti l i c comot nguyen tH khong l i en ket vi
nguyen tC mal i en ket vi O, tao ra nhom OH. Chnh nhom OH
nay l am cho ru cotnh chat ac trng,
3. Tnh chat hoa hoc
- Phan ng chay: ru etilic chay vi ngon la mau xanh vatoa nhieu nhiet.
C
2
H
6
O + 3O
2

t
0
2CO
2
+ 3H
2
O
- Phan ng thevi natri (Na): ru tac dung vi natri gi ai phong kh hidro.

2C
2
H
5
OH + 2Na 2C
2
H
5
ONa + H
2

- Phan ng vi axi t axeti c tao ra este:

C
2
H
5
OH + CH
3
COOH C
2
H
5
O C CH
3 +
H
2
O

H
2
SO
4
O
eti l acetat

2
4. ng dung r u etilic
- Dung l am dung moi pha chenc hoa, vecni , dc pham.
- Dung l am nguyen l i eu san xuat ete, cao su tong hp
- Mot phan ru dung di dang ru uong, uong nhi eu ru cohai
cho sc khoe.
5. ieu che
Co2 phng phap
- C
2
H
4
+ H
2
O
axit
C
2
H
5
OH
- C
6
H
12
O
6

men ru
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2

I I . AXI T AXETI C
2
H
4
O
2

- Cong thc cau tao:
C
H
O
C
H
H
H
O

- Cong thc cau tao vi et gon: CH
3
-COOH
1. Tnh chat vat ly
- Axi t axeti c l achat l ong khong mau, soi 118
o
C.
- Axi t axeti c tan vohan trong nc, covchua. Dam l adung dch
axi t axeti c l oang.
2. Cau tao phan t
Trong phan taxi t axeti c comot nhom OH l i en ket vi nhom
O
C

tao thanh nhom COOH l am cho phan tcotnh axi t.
3. Tnh chat hoa hoc
a) Tnh axit yeu
- Lam oi mau qui tm thanh o.
- Tac dung vi ki m l oai hoat ong manh:
2CH
3
COOH + 2Na 2CH
3
COONa + H
2
- Tac dung vi oxi t ki m l oai :
2CH
3
COOH + CaO (CH
3
COO)2Ca + H
2
O

3
- Tac dung vi baz
CH
3
COOH + NaOH CH
3
COONa + H
2
O
- Tac dung vi muoi cacbonat:
2CH
3
COOH + Na
2
CO
3
2CH
3
COONa + H
2
O

+ CO
2
b) Tac dung vi r u etilic:
CH
3
COOH + CH
3
CH
2
OH
H
2
SO
4
CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
+ H
2
O
4. ng dung
- Dung dch axi t axeti c 2-5% c dung l am gi am an.
- Dung trong cong nghi ep hoa chat.
5. ieu che
Co2 phng phap
- 2C
4
H
10
+ 5O
2
xt,t
o
4CH
3
COOH + 2H
2
O
- C
2
H
5
OH

+ O
2

men giam
CH
3
COOH + H
2
O
I I I . CHAT BEO
1. Tr ang thai tnhien vatnh chat vat ly
- Chat beo l among vat vadau thc vat ( tap tr ung hat) .
- Chat beo nhe hn nc, khong tan trong nc, tan c trong
benzene, xang, dau hoa
2. Cong thc hoa hoc
- Chat beo l ahon hp nhieu ester cua gl ixerol vacac axi t beo. Glixerol l a
mot ru 3 chc: C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
. Axit beo l acac axit hu cocophan tkhoi
ln nh: C
17
H
35
COOH, C
17
H
33
COOH
3. Tnh chat hoa hoc
- Phan ng thuy phan: l aphan ng cua chat beo vanc vi chat xuc
tac axi t tao gl i xerol vacac axi t beo.
(C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ 3H
2
O
H
2
SO
4
3 C
17
H
33
COOH + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

- Phan ng xaphong hoa: l aphan ng cua chat beo vi dung dch
ki em tao ra gl i xerol vamuoi cua axi t beo.
(C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ 3NaOH 3 C
17
H
33
COONa + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

4. ng dung

4
- Dung l am thc pham.
- San xuat gl i xerol vaxaphong.
- Dung moi pha sn.
I V. GLUCOZ
6
H
12
O
6


- Gl ucoz conhi eu trong qua(nhi eu nhat l atrong nho chn), trong
mau cua ngi vaong vat.
- Gl ucoz l achat ran ket ti nh, mau trang vngot, detan trong nc.
2. Tnh chat hoa hoc
- Phan ng oxi hoa gl ucoz hay con goi l aphan ng trang gng: l a
phan ng dung dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
hoac dung dch Ag
2
O
trong NH
3
(ammoni ac) eoxi hoa dung dch ng.
C
6
H
12
O
6
+ Ag
2
O
amoniac
C
6
H
12
O
7
+ 2Ag
- Phan ng l en men ru:
C
6
H
12
O
6

men ru
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2

3. ng dung
- Dung l am trong trang gng.
- San xuat dc pham.
- Pha huyet thanh.
V. SACCAROZ
12
H
22
O
11

- Saccaroz conhi eu trong thc vat nh ma, cucai ngnen
saccaroz con coten ng ma, ng knh.
- Saccaroz l achat ran ket ti nh, mau trang, vngot, detan trong nc,
ac bi et tan nhi eu trong nc nong.

5
2. Tnh chat hoa hoc
- Saccaroz khong b dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
oxi hoa hay
saccaroz khong tham gi a phan ng trang gng.
- Phan ng thuy phan: l aphan ng saccaroz vi nc vi xuc tac
axi t voc thu c dung dch gl ucoz (C
6
H
12
O
6
) vaf ructoz
(C
6
H
12
O
6
)
C
12
H
22
O
11
+ H
2
O
axit,t
o
C
6
H
12
O
6
+ C
6
H
12
O
6

3. ng dung
- Dung trong cong nghi ep thc pham.
- Dung trong cong nghi ep dc pham.
VI . TI NH BOT VAXENLULOZ
- Cong thc phan tti nh bot: ( -C
6
H
10
O
5
- )
n
n = 1200 - 6000
- Cong thc phan txenl ul ozt: ( -C
6
H
10
O
5
-)
n
n = 10000 -14000
- Ti nh bot conhi eu trong cac l oai cu, hat. Ti nh bot l achat ran mau
trang, khong tan trong nc l anh, tan trong nc nong tao thanh
hoti nh bot.
- Xenl ul oz l athanh phan chuyeu trong go, si bong... Xenl ul oz
l achat ran mau trang, khong tan trong nc.
2. Tnh chat hoa hoc
- Phan ng thuy phan: l aphan ng ti nh bot, xenl ul oz vi nc vi
xuc tac axi t voc thu c dung dch gl ucoz
(-C
6
H
10
O
5
-)
n
+ nH
2
O
axit,t
o
nC
6
H
12
O
6
- Phan ng cua ti nh bot vi i ot:
Hoti nh bot tac dung vi dung dch i ot tao ra chat mau xanh ac
trng. Phan ng nay enhan bi et ti nh bot.
3. ng dung
- Ti nh bot l al ng thc cua con ngi .
- Ti nh bot l anguyen l i eu san xuat ng gl ucoz varu eti l i c.

6
- Xenl ul oz l anguyen l i eu trong cong nghi ep gi ay.
VI I . PROTEI N
1. Tr ang thai tnhien
Protei n cotrong c thengi , ong vat, thc vat.
2. Thanh phan vacau tao phan t
- Protei n l amot hp chat hu c, trong phan tgom cac nguyen to
C, H, O, N. Ngoai ra con coS, P, Fe..
- Protei n c tao tcac ami no axi t, moi phan tami no axi t tao
thanh mot mat xch trong phan tprotei n.
- Phan tkhoi cua protei n rat l n: thang van en hang tri eu vC.
3. Tnh chat
- Phan ng thuy phan: khi un nong protei n trong dung dch axi t
hoac baz, protei n sebthuy phan si nh ra cac ami no axi t.
Protei n + nc
axit hoac baz,t
o
hon hp ami no axi t
S thuy phan protei n cothexay ra nhi et othng vaxuc tac
bi enzym.
- Sphan huy bi nhi et: ot nong protei n bphan huy tao ra nhng
chat bay hi comui khet.
- Song tu: khi un nong hoac them hoa chat protei n seong tu.
4. ng dung
- Dung l am thc an.
- Dung trong nganh det.
VI I I . POLI M E
1. K hai niem
Pol i me l anhng chat cophan tkhoi rat l n do nhi eu mat xch
l i en ket l ai vi nhau tao nen.
2. Phan loai
Da vao nguon goc pol i me chi a thanh 2 l oai :
- Polime tnhien: lacac polime cosan trong tnhien nh tinh bot, protein..
- Pol i me tong hp: l anhng pol i me do con ngi tao ra tnhng
chat n gi an, nh pol i me PE tao ra teti l en.
3. Cau tao

7
- Phan tpol i me c cau tao tnhi eu mat xch l i en henhau.
- Cac mat xch l i en ket vi nhau cothetao mach thang, mach
nhanh, mach khong gi an
4. Tnh chat
- Phan l n pol i me l anhng chat ran, khong bay hi , khotan trong
nc vacac dung moi thong thng.
nhi et ocao pol i me debphan huy.
5. ng dung
- Chat deo
- T si
Cau 1: Cac nhom chat sau l adan xuat cua hi drocacbon:
a) Metan, ru eti l i c, benzen
b) Etanol , protei n, ti nh bot, xenl ul oz, gl ucoz.
c) Eti l en, protei n, ti nh bot
d) Xenl ul oz, gl ucoz, benzen
Cau 2: Mot chai ru ghi 45
o
congha l a:
a) Trong 55g nc co45g ru eti l i c nguyen chat.
b) Trong 100ml nc co45ml ru eti l i c nguyen chat.
c) Trong 100ml dung dch co45ml ru eti l i c nguyen chat.
d) Trong 100g nc co45ml ru eti l i c nguyen chat.
Cau 3: Cac chat nao sau ay c san xuat tnguyen l i eu l achat beo:
a) T nhan tao b) Ru eti l i c
c) ng d) Gl i cerol
Cau 4: Mat xch cua PE?
a) Metan b) Ami no axi t
c) Eti l en d) Etanol
Cau 5: Mat xch cua ti nh bot, xenl ul oz l a:
a) C
6
H
12
O
6
b) C
6
H
10
O
5
c) Ami no axi t d) ng saccaroz
Cau 6: Mat xch cua protei n l a:
a) NH
2
b) C
6
H
10
O
5
c) Ami no axi t d) ng saccaroz

8
Cau 7: etay sach chat beo dnh vao quan ao. Ta cothedung chat nao sau ay:
a) Nc b) Dung dch nc cl o

c) Con d) Dau hoa
Cau 8: Co3 l o cha cac dung dch sau: eti l en, ru eti l i c vagl ucoz.
Cothedung thuoc thnao sau nay ephan bi et:
a) Dung dch brom, Na b) Na, Dung dch brom

c) Dung dch brom
d) Tat caeu c
Cau 9: Khi cho chat beo tac tac dung vi nc xuc tac axi t hu c sethu
c gl i xerol l a:
a) Mot axi t beo

b) Mot hon hp cac muoi cua axi t beo
c) Mot hon hp cac axi t beo
d) Hai muoi axi t beo.
Cau 10: Cac l oai thc pham nao l ahp chat cao phan t:
a) Nc uong, ng b) Ti nh bot, chat beo

b) ng, ti nh bot d) Ti nh bot, am
Cau 11: Mot chat hu c A, va tac dung vi Na va tac dung vi NaOH l a:
a) Metan b) Ru eti l i c
c) Axi t axeti c d) Ti nh bot
Cau 12: Cothephan bi et axi t aceti c vabenzene bang nhng cach nao sau
ay:
a) Qui tm b) Dung Na
c) Dung NaOH d) Tat caeu c
Cau 13: ephan bi et vai det bang t tam vavai det bang si bong, chung
ta cothe:
a) ot vangi , neu comui khet l avai bang t tam.
b) Gi a nhi et ethc hi en phan ng ong tu.
c) Dung qui tm
d) Dung phan ng thuy phan.
Cau 14: Natri cothephan ng vi :
a) Ru vabenzen b) Ru, nc, axi t

c) Metan, protei n, pol i me d) a, b, c eu ung.

9
Cau 15: Hoa tan axi t aceti c vao nc c dung dch A. etrung hoa 100ml
dung dch A can 250ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Vay nong odung
dch A bang :
a) 0,2M b) 0,4M

c) 0,25M d) 0,1M
Cau 16: Nhi et osoi cua chat nao sau ay thap nhat:
a) Nc cat b) H
2
SO
4
c) Etanol d) Axi t axeti c

Cau 17: Thetch ru eti l i c 60
o
can l ay epha thanh 3 l i t ru eti l i c 20
o
l a:
a) 1 l i t b) 1,5 l i t
c) 2 l i t d) 3 l i t
Cau 18: NHom chat nao i eu ki en bnh thng trang thai kh:
a) Nc cat, ru eti l i c b) Metan, eti l en, axeti l en
c) Benzen, axi t axeti c d) Ru eti l i c, axi t axeti c
Cau 19: Chon nhng cau ung:
a) Nhng hp chat cua cacbon goi l ahp chat hu c.
b) Nhng chat conhom OH, COOH tac dung c vi ki m l oai
c) Nhng chat conhom OH, COOH tac dung c vi Na vaNaOH
c) Nhng chat conhom (OH) tac dung c vi Na, nhng chat
conhom (COOH) tac dung c vi Na vaNaOH.
Cau 20: Khi hoa tan 50g ng gl ucoz vao 250g nc 20
o
C th thu c
dung dch bao hoa. otan cua ng 20
o
C l a:
a) 16,7g b) 15g
c) 20g d) 30g
Bai tap 1
ot chay hoan toan 9,2g ru eti l i c.
a) Tnh thetch CO
2
si nh ra ktc.
b) Tnh thetch khong kh (ktc) can dung cho phan ng tren, bi et
oxi chi em 20% thetch khong kh.
Bai tap 2

10
Neu phng phap hoa hoc phan bi et cac chat sau:
a) CH
4
, C
2
H
2
, CO
2

b) C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
, CH
3
COOH
c) Dung dch gl ucoz, saccaroz, axi t axeti c
Bai tap 3
Cho 90g axi t axeti c tac dung 150g ru thu c 82,5g ester.
b) Tnh hi eu suat phan ng

Bai tap 4
Cho 44,8 l i t kh eti l en (ktc) tac dung vi nc coaxi t sunf uri c
l am xuc tac, thu c 27,6g ru eti l i c. Tnh hi eu suat phan ng.
Bai tap 5
Khi l en men dung dch l oang cua ru eti l i c, ngi ta thu c
gi am an.
a) T10 l i t ru 8
o
cothetao ra bao nhi eu gam axi t axeti c? Bi et
hi eu suat quatrnh l en men l a92% varu eti l i c coD = 0,8g/cm
3
.
b) Neu pha khoi l ng axi t axeti c tren thanh dung dch gi am 4%
th khoi l ng dung dch gi am thu c l abao nhi eu?
Bai tap 6
Cho 100g dung dch axi t axeti c 12% tac dung va uvi dung
dch NaHCO
3
8,4%.
a) Tnh khoi l ng dung dch NaHCO
3
adung.
b) Tnh nong ophan tram cua dung dch muoi thu c sau phan ng.
Bai tap 7
Khi l en men gl ucoz, thoat ra 11,2 l i t kh CO
2
ktc.
a) Tnh khoi l ng ru eti l i c tao ra
b) Tnh khoi l ng gl ucoz ban au hi eu suat phan ng: 90%.
Bai tap 8
Vi et phng trnh hoa hoc i eu cheru eti l i c, axi t axeti c, eti l axetat
tcanxi cacbua.
Bai tap 9

11
Tti nh bot vacac chat voc can thi et vi et phng trnh i eu che
eti l axetat, PE (pol i etyl en).
Bai tap 10
Cho mot hon hp A gom CH
3
COOH vaCH
3
CH
2
OH, chi a hon hp
thanh 3 phan bang nhau:
- Phan I tac dung vi natri d thu c 11,2 l i t kh (ktc)
- Phan I I tac dung vi CaCO
3
d thu c 8,8g mot chat kh.
a) Vi et phng trnh phan ng xay ra
b) Tnh khoi l ng cac chat trong hon hp ban au.
c) un nong phan I I I vi axi t H
2
SO
4
ac, tnh khoi l ng ester tao
thanh bi et bi eu suat phan ng l a80%
Bai tap 11
Mot l oai chat beo c coi l aester cua gl i cerol vaaxi t ol ei c
C
17
H
33
COOH.
a) Vi et cong thc phan tcua l oai ester nay.
b) un nong 183 kg ester nay vi NaOH d. Tnh khoi l ng
gl i cerol tao thanh.
c) Cothethu c bao nhi eu kg xaphong banh cocha 65% muoi
si nh ra tphan ng tren.
Bai tap 12
Cho natri d tac dung vi 400ml dung dch axi t axeti c, thay co
4,48l i t kh thoat ra. Khi cho l ng d dung dch axi t nay vao 46,8g
hon hp CaCO
3
vaNaHCO
3
thu c 22g kh.
a) Vi et phng trnh phan ng xay ra
b) Tnh nong omol cua axi t axeti c.
c) Tnh phan tram NaHCO
3
trong hon hp, bi et cac kh o ktc.
Bai tap 13
Tach hoan toan l ng ru eti l i c cotrong 1 l i t ru eti l i c 11,5
o

khoi dung dch vaem oxi hoa ru bang oxi thanh axi t axeti c.
Cho hon hp sau phan ng tac dung vi natri d thu c 33,6 l i t
H
2
(ktc). Tnh hi eu suat oxi hoa ru thanh axi t.
(Tuyen si nh trung hoc phothong chuyen trng H KHTN Ha
Noi 1998)

12
Bai tap 14:
T2 tan nc ma cha 13% saccaroz cothethu c bao nhi eu
kg saccaroz? Bi et hi eu suat thu hoi ng at 80%.
Bai tap 15
Khi ot chay mot l oai gl uxi t (thuoc f ructoz, saccaroz), ngi ta
thu c khoi l ng nc vaCO
2
theo tl e33: 88. Xac nh cong
thc phan tcua gl uxi t tren.
Bai tap 16
Tti nh bot ngi ta san xuat ru eti l i c theo 2 gi ai oan sau:
(-C
6
H
10
O
5
-)
n

axit,t
o
nC
6
H
12
O
6
hi eu suat 80%
C
6
H
12
O
6

men ru
2C
2
H
5
OH hi eu suat 75%
a) Vi et phng trnh hoa hoc xay ra.
b) Tnh khoi l ng ru eti l i c thu c t1tan ti nh bot.
c) Tnh khoi l ng ti nh bot can ethu c 500 l i t ru eti l i c bi et
D = 0,8g/cm
o
.
Bai tap 17
ot chay 4,5g chat hu c A thu c 6,6g kh CO
2
va2,7g H
2
O.
Bi et khoi l ng mol cua chat hu c l a60g.
a) Xac nh cong thc phan t cua chat hu c A
b) Bi et A l amot axi t vi et cong thc cau tao cua A
c) Xac nh cong thc phan t cua chat hu c A
Bai tap 18
Vi et phng trnh hoa hoc i eu che axi t axeti t:
a) Natri axetat vaaxi t sunf uri c
b) Ru eti l i c
Bai tap 19
ot chay 23g chat hu c A thu c san pham gom 44g CO
2
va
27g nc.
a) A conhng nguyen tonao?
b) Xac nh cong thc phan tcua A bi et tkhoi hi cua A so vi
hi dro l a23.

13
Bai tap 20
Neu hai phng phap hoa hoc khac nhau ephan bi et hai dung
dch CH
3
COOH vaC
2
H
5
OH.
Bai tap 21
ethuy phan hoan toan 8,58kg mot l oai chat beo can va u
1,2kg NaOh, thu c 0,368kg gl i xerol vamkg hon hp muoi cua
cac chat beo.
a) Tnh m
b) Tnh khoi l ng xaphong banh cothethu c tmkg hon hp
cac muoi tren. Bi et muoi cua axi t beo chi em 60% khoi l ng xa
phong.
Bai tap 22
Co3 l okhong nhan ng 3 chat l ong: ru eti l i c, axi t axeti c, dau an
tan trong ru eti l i c. Chdung nc vaqui tm, hay phan bi et cac
chat l ong tren.
Bai tap 23
Khi xac nh cong thc cua chat hu c A, B ngi ta thay cong
thc phan tcua A l aC
2
H
6
O, con cong thc phan tcua B l aC
2
H
4
O
2
.
echng mi nh A l aru eti l i c, B l aaxi t axeti c can phai l am them
nhng th nghi em nao? Vi et phng trnh hoa hoc mi nh hoa.
Bai tap 24
Tnh khoi l ng gl ucoz can l ay epha c 500ml dung dch
gl ucoz 5% coD = 1g/cm
3
Bai tap 25
Neu phng phap phan bi et cac chat sau:
a) Ti nh bot, xenl ul oz, saccaroz
b) Ti nh bot, gl ucoz, saccaroz
Bai tap 26
Vi et phng trnh chuoi phan ng:
Ti nh bot gl ucoz ru eti l i c axi t axeti c eti l axetat
ru eti l i c.

D. AP AN CAU HOI TRAC NGHI EM

14
Cau 1: Cac nhom chat sau l adan xuat cua hi drocacbon:
b) Etanol , protei n, ti nh bot, xenl ul oz, gl ucoz.
Cau 2: Mot chai ru ghi 45
o
congha l a:
c) Trong 100ml dung dch co45ml ru eti l i c nguyen chat.
Cau 3: Cac chat nao sau ay c san xuat tnguyen l i eu l achat beo:
d) Gl i cerol
Cau 4: Mat xch cua PE?
c) Eti l en
Cau 5: Mat xch cua ti nh bot, xenl ul oz l a:
b) C
6
H
10
O
5
Cau 6: Mat xch cua protei n l a:
c) Ami no axi t
Cau 7: etay sach chat beo dnh vao quan ao. Ta cothedung chat nao sau ay:
d) Dau hoa
Cau 8: Co3 l ocha cac dung dch sau: eti l en, ru eti l i c vagl ucoz. Co
thedung thuoc thnao sau nay ephan bi et:
d) Tat caeu c.
Cau 9: Khi cho chat beo tac tac dung vi nc xuc tac axi t hu c sethu
c gl i xerol va:
b) Mot hon hp cac muoi cua axi t beo
Cau 10: Cac l oai thc pham nao l ahp chat cao phan t:
d) Ti nh bot, am
Cau 11: Mot chat hu c A, va tac dung vi Na va tac dung vi NaOH l a:
c) Axi t axeti c
Cau 12: Cothephan biet axit acetic vabenzene bang nhng cach nao sau ay:
d) Tat caeu c
Cau 13: ephan bi et vai det bang t tam vavai det bang si bong, chung
ta cothe:
a) ot vangi , neu comui khet l avai bang t tam.
Cau 14: Natri cothephan ng vi :
b) Ru, nc, axi t


15
Cau 15: Hoa tan axi t aceti c vao nc c dung dch A. etrung hoa
100ml dung dch A can 250ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M.Vay nong o
dung dch A bang :
c) 0,25M
Cau 16: Nhi et osoi cua chat nao sau ay thap nhat:
c) Etanol
Cau 17: Thetch ru eti l i c 60
o
can l ay epha thanh 3 l i t ru eti l i c 20
o
l a:
a) 1 l i t
Cau 18: Nhom chat nao i eu ki en bnh thng tr ang t hai kh :
b) Metan, eti l en, axeti l en
Cau 19: Chon nhng cau ung:
c) Nhng chat conhom OH tac dung c vi Na, Nhng chat co
nhom COOH tac dung c vi Na vaNaOH.
Cau 20: Khi hoa tan 50g ng gl ucoz vao 250g nc 20
o
C th thu c
dung dch bao hoa. otan cua ng 20
o
C l a:
c) 20g

Bai tap 1
- Somol ru eti l i c: mol 2 , 0
46
2 , 9
n
- Phan ng chay ru:
C
2
H
6
O + 3O
2

t
0
2CO
2
+ 3H
2
O
1mol 2.22,4l i t
0,2mol V?
a) Thetch kh CO
2
: l i t 96 , 8
1
4 , 22 . 2 . 2 , 0
V
b) Thetch khong kh can: l i t 8 , 44 5 . 96 , 8 5 . V
2
O
V
Bai tap 2
Neu phng phap hoa hoc phan bi et cac chat sau:
a) CH
4
, C
2
H
2
, CO
2


16
- Dung dung dch brom nhan bi et C
2
H
2

- Dung Ca(OH)
2
nhan bi et CO
2

b) C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
, CH
3
COOH
- Dung qui tm nhan bi et CH
3
COOH
- Dung Na nhan bi et C
2
H
5
OH
c) Dung dch gl ucoz, saccaroz, axi t axeti c
- Dung qui tm nhan bi et CH
3
COOH
- Dung phan ng trang gng nhan bi et gl ucoz

Bai tap 3
CH
3
COOH + CH
3
CH
2
OH
H
2
SO
4
CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
+ H
2
O
60g 46g 88g
90g 150g 82,5g
b) Ta cotl e:
46
150
60
90
san pham tnh theo CH
3
COOH
CH
3
COOH + CH
3
CH
2
OH
H
2
SO
4
CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
+ H
2
O
60g 46g 88g
90g ?
- Khoi l ng CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
theo phan ng: g 132
60
88 . 90

- Hi eu suat phan ng tnh theo san pham: % 5 , 62 100 .
132
5 , 82
% H
Bai tap 4
- C
2
H
4
+ H
2
O
axit
C
2
H
5
OH
22,4l i t 46g
44,8l i t ?
- Khoi l ng ru eti l i c theo phng trnh phan ng: g 92
4 , 22
46 . 8 , 44


17
- Hi eu suat phan ng: % 30 100 .
92
6 , 27
% H
Bai tap 5
a) Tnh khoi l ng axi t axeti c:
- Thetch ru trong 10 l i t ru 8
o
l a: ml 800 10000 .
100
8

- Khoi l ng ru eti l i c: g 640 8 , 0 . 800 V . D m
V
m
D
C
2
H
5
OH

+ O
2

men giam
CH
3
COOH + H
2
O
46g 60g
640g ?
- Khoi l ng axi t axeti c theo phng trnh phan ng:
g 78 , 834
46
60 . 640

- Hi eu suat H = 92%, Khoi l ng axi t axeti c si nh ra thc te:
g 768
100
92
. 78 , 834
100
1
pu
m . H
tt
m
pu
m
tt
m
% H
b) Khoi l ng dung dch gi am 4%
- Khoi l ng axi t axeti c 768g.
- Khoi l ng dung dch gi am 4%: g 19200
4
100 . 768

Bai tap 6
- Khoi l ng cua axi t axeti c: g 12
100
100 . 12

CH
3
COOH + NaHCO
3
CH
3
COONa + H
2
O + CO
2
60g 84g 82g 44g
12g ? ? ?
Khoi l ng NaHCO
3
can: g 8 , 16
60
84 . 12

a) Khoi l ng dung dch NaHCO
3
8,4%: g 200
4 , 8
100 . 8 , 16

b) Nong ophan tram cua dung dch muoi thu c:

18
Khoi l ng cua muoi thu c: g 4 , 16
60
82 .. 12

Khoi l ng CO
2
si nh ra: g 8 , 8
60
44 .. 12

Khoi l ng dung dch sau phan ng:
m
dd
= m
dd axi t
+ m
dd muoi
m
CO2
= 100 + 200 -8,8 = 291,2g
Nong ophan tram dung dch muoi thu c:
% 63 , 5 100
2 , 291
4 , 16
m %

Bai tap 7
C
6
H
12
O
6
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2

180g 2. 46g 2.22,4 l i t
? ? 11,2 l i t
a) Khoi l ng ru eti l i c tao ra theo phng trnh phan ng:
g 23
4 , 22 . 2
2 , 11 . 46 .. 2

b) Khoi l ng gl ucoz theo phng trnh phan ng: g 45
4 , 22 . 2
2 , 11 . 180

V hi eu suat phan ng 90%, suy ra khoi l ng gl ucoz ban au:
g 50
90
100 . 45

Bai tap 8
Vi et phng trnh hoa hoc i eu cheru eti l i c, axi t axeti c, eti l axetat
tcanxi cacbua.

- CaC
2
+ 2H
2
O C
2
H
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
- C
2
H
2
+ H
2

xt,t
C
2
H
4

- C
2
H
4
+ H
2
O
axit
C
2
H
5
OH

men gi am

19
- C
2
H
5
OH

+ O
2
CH
3
COOH + H
2
O

- CH
3
COOH + CH
3
CH
2
OH CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
+ H
2
O
Bai tap 9
Tti nh bot vacac chat voc can thi et vi et phng trnh i eu che
eti l axetat, PE (pol i eti l en).

- (-C
6
H
10
O
5
-)
n
+ nH
2
O nC
6
H
12
O
6

- C
6
H
12
O
6
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2

- C
2
H
5
OH

+ O
2
CH
3
COOH + H
2
O

- CH
3
COOH + CH
3
CH
2
OH

CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
+ H
2
O
eti l axetat

- CH
3
CH
2
OH CH
2
= CH
2
+ H
2
O

- nCH
2
= CH
2
(

CH
2
= CH
2
)
n

Bai tap 10
a) Cac phng trnh phan ng:
- 2C
2
H
5
OH + 2Na 2C
2
H
5
ONa + H
2
(1)
-
2CH
3
COOH + 2Na 2CH
3
COONa + H
2
(2)

-
2CH
3
COOH + CaCO
3
(CH
3
COO)
2
Ca + H
2
O

+ CO
2
(3)

- Somol hi dro: mol 5 , 0
4 , 22
2 , 11
2
H
n
- Somol CO
2
: mol 2 , 0
44
8 , 8
2
CO
n
b) at x, y l asomol CH
3
COOH vaC
2
H
5
OH cotrong moi phan.
eti l en pol i eti l en
Ni , t
0
H
2
SO
4

180
0
C
H
2
SO
4

men gi am
men ru
axi t, t
0
H
2
SO
4


20
- Tphng trnh phan ng 1, 2 ta co: mol 5 , 0 y 5 , 0 x 5 , 0
2
H
n (I )
- Tphng trnh phan ng 3 ta co: mol 2 , 0 x 5 , 0
2
CO
n (I I )
- Gi ai hephng trnh I , I I ta co: x = 0,4, y = 0,6
- Khoi l ng cac chat trong hon hp A :
Khoi l ng CH
3
COOH: 3. 0,4 . 60 = 72g
Khoi l ng C
2
H
5
OH: 3. 0,6.46 = 82,4g
c) Phng trnh phan ng ester hoa:
CH
3
COOH + CH
3
CH
2
OH
H
2
SO
4
CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
+ H
2
O
D CH
3
CH
2
OH tnh khoi l ng ester theo somol CH
3
COOH, vi
hi eu suat 80%: g 16 , 28
100
80 . 88 . 4 , 0
ester
m
Bai tap 11
a) Cong thc ester tao bi gl i xerol vaaxi t ol ei c (C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
b) Phan ng xaphong:
(C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ 3NaOH 3C
17
H
33
COONa + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

915kg 3.336kg 92kg
183kg ? ?
Khoi l ng gl i cerol tao thanh: kg 4 , 18
915
92 . 183
gl i cerol
m
c) Khoi l ng muoi tao thanh: kg 6 , 201
915
336 . 3 . 183
m
Khoi l ng xaphong 65% c i eu che: kg 15 , 310
65
100 . 6 , 201

Bai tap 12
a) Cac phng trnh hoa hoc:
-
2CH
3
COOH + 2Na 2CH
3
COONa + H
2
(1)

-
2CH
3
COOH + CaCO
3
(CH
3
COO)
2
Ca + H
2
O

+ CO
2

(2)

-
CH
3
COOH + NaHCO
3
CH
3
COONa + H
2
O

+ CO
2

(3)


21
- Somol hi dro: mol 2 , 0
4 , 22
48 , 4
2
H
n
- Somol CO
2
: mol 5 , 0
44
22
2
CO
n
b) Somol CH
3
COOH = 2. somol H
2
= 2.0,2 = 0,4 mol
Nong omol cua axi t axeti c: M 1
4 , 0
4 , 0
M
C
c) at x, y l asomol cua CaCO
3
vaNaHCO
3
cotrong 46,8g hon hp.
Theo (2), (3) ta cohephng trnh:
100x + 84y = 46,8
x + y = 0,5
Gi ai hephng trnh ta c : x = 0,3, y = 0,2
Phan tram NaHCO
3
trong hon hp : % 9 , 35 100 .
8 , 46
84 . 2 , 0
3
NaHCO %
Bai tap 13
- Thetch ru eti l i c nguyen chat: ml 115 % 5 , 11 . 1000
OH
5
H
2
C
V
- Khoi l ng ru eti l i c: 115.0,8=92g
- Somol ru: mol 2
46
92

C
2
H
5
OH

+ O
2
CH
3
COOH + H
2
O
1mol 1mol 1mol
Phan ng: amol amol amol
Sau phan ng: (2-a)mol amol amol
Khi cho hon hp sau phan ng tac dung vi natri d:
2CH
3
COOH + 2Na 2CH
3
COONa + H
2

amol 0,5a mol
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2Na 2C
2
H
5
ONa + H
2

(2-a)mol 0,5(2-a)mol
2H
2
O + 2Na 2NaOH + H
2

amol 0,5a mol
Phng trnh somol hi dro: 0,5a + 0,5(2-a) + 0,5a = mol 5 , 1
4 , 22
6 , 33

men gi am

22
Suy ra a = 1mol .
Hi eu suat phan ng oxi hoa ru thanh axi t: % 50 100 .
2
1
% H
Bai tap 14
Khoi l ng ng saccaroz thu c: kg 208
100 . 100
80 . 2000 . 13

Bai tap 15
Gi ascong thc gl uxi t: C
x
H
y
O
z
C
x
H
y
O
z
+ (x+y/4-z/2)O
2
xCO
2
+ y/2H
2
O
1mol 44x 9y

Theo ebai ta co:
6
11
9 . 88
44 . 33
88
33
44
9

x
y
x
y

Cong thc tong quat cua gl uxi t: (C
6
H
11
)
n
O
z

Macong thc phan tcua f ructoz: (CH
2
)
2
O
6
vacua saccaroz
(C
6
H
11
)
2
O
11

Vay cong thc gl uxi t: C
12
H
22
O
11
Bai tap 16
a) Phng trnh hoa hoc:
(-C
6
H
10
O
5
-)
n
+ nH
2
O nC
6
H
12
O
6
(1)
162n(kg) 180n(kg)
1000(kg) ?
C
6
H
12
O
6
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2
(2)
180kg 2.46kg
888,89kg ?
b) Khoi l ng ru eti l i c thu c t1 tan ti nh bot
- Khoi l ng ng gl ucoz t1 tan ti nh bot hi eu suat
80%: kg 89 , 888
100 . n 162
80 . n 180 . 1000

- Khoi l ng ru eti l i c thu c t1tan ti nh bot hi eu suat 75%:
kg 74 , 340
100 . 180
75 . 46 . 2 . 89 , 888

axi t, t
0
men ru


23
c) Tnh khoi l ng ru eti l i c: kg 4 g 4000
100
8 , 0 . 500000

(-C
6
H
10
O
5
-)
n
+ nH
2
O nC
6
H
12
O
6
(1)
162n(kg) 180n(kg)
? 10,43kg
C
6
H
12
O
6
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2
(2)
180kg 2.46kg
? 4kg
- Khoi l ng ng gl ucoz can hi eu suat phan ng 75%:
kg 43 , 10
46 . 2 . 75
100 . 180 . 4

- Khoi l ng ti nh bot can hi eu suat phan ng 80%:
kg 74 , 11
80 . n . 180
100 . n . 162 . 43 , 10

Bai tap 17
a) Xac nh cong thc phan t cua chat hu c A
- Khoi l ng cacbon trong 4,5g chat hu c A: g 8 , 1 12 .
44
6 , 6

- Khoi l ng hi dro trong 4,5g chat hu c A: g 3 , 0 2 .
18
7 , 2

- Khoi l ng oxi trong 4,5g chat hu c A: 4,5 1,8 0,3 = 2,4g
- Gi ascong thc cua A l a: C
x
H
y
O
z:

- Ta co: z , 4 y , 2 x
3
40
5 , 4
60
4 , 2
z 16
3 , 0
y
8 , 1
x 12
2
- Cong thc phan tcua A: C
2
H
4
O
2

b) Bi et A l amot axi t vi et cong thc cau tao cua A: CH
3
COOH axi t axeti c.
Bai tap 18
Vi et phng trnh hoa hoc i eu che axi t axeti c t:
a) Natri axetat vaaxi t sunf uri c
2CH
3
COONa + H
2
SO
4
2CH
3
COOH + Na
2
SO
4
b) Ru eti l i c
C
2
H
5
OH

+ O
2
CH
3
COOH + H
2
O
Bai tap 19
axi t, t
0
men ru

men gi am

24
ot chay 23g chat hu c A thu c san pham gom 44g CO
2
va
27g nc.
a) A conhng nguyen tonao:
- Khoi l ng cacbon trong 23g chat hu c A: g 12 12 .
44
44

- Khoi l ng hi dro trong 23g chat hu c A: g 3 12 .
18
27

- Khoi l ng oxi trong 23g chat hu c A: 23 12 3 =8g
- A coH, C, O
b) Xac nh cong thc phan tcua A bi et tkhoi hi cua A so vi
hi dro l a23.
1 z , 6 y , 2 x 2
23
46
8
z 16
3
y
12
x 12

Cong thc phan tA: C
2
H
6
O
Bai tap 20
- Phng phap 1: dung qui tm, khi oCH
3
COOH l am qui tm hoa
o, con C
2
H
5
OH th khong l am oi mau qui tm.
- Phng phap 2: cho vao hai dung dch ki m l oai kem (hoac mot
ki m l oai ng trc hi dro khong phai l aki m l oai ki em), khi o
dung dch nao cosui bot kh l aCH
3
COOH, con dung dch C
2
H
5
OH
khong cohi en tng g.
- 2CH
3
COOH + Zn (CH
3
COO)
2
Zn + H
2

Bai tap 21
a) Tnh m
Theo nh l uat bao toan khoi l ng:
m
chat beo
+ m
NaOH
= m
gl i xerol
+ m
muoi chat beo

m
muoi chat beo
= m
chat beo
+ m
NaOH
m
gl i xerol

m = 8,58 + 1,2 0,368 = 9,412kg
b) Tnh khoi l ng xaphong banh: g 686 , 15
60
100 . 412 , 9

Bai tap 2
- Dung qui tm nhan bi et c axi t axeti c.

25
- Con ru vadau an cho vao nc chat nao khong tan, noi l en tren
mat nc l adau.
- Chat con l ai l aru eti l i c.
Bai tap 23
Khi xac nh cong thc cua chat hu c A, B ngi ta thay cong
thc phan tcua A l aC
2
H
6
O, con cong thc phan tcua B l a
C
2
H
4
O
2
. echng mi nh A l aru eti l i c l am them nhng th nghi em:
- Cho A tac dung vi natri neu cosui kh l aru eti l i c:
2C
2
H
5
OH + Na 2C
2
H
5
ONa + H
2

- B l aaxi t axeti c can phai l am them nhng th nghi em: cho qui
tm khi o qui tm oi thanh mau o. Hoac cho B tac dung ki m
l oai kem khi odung dch nay secosui bot kh l a CH
3
COOH
2CH
3
COOH + Zn (CH
3
COO)
2
Zn + H
2

Bai tap 24
Tnh khoi l ng gl ucoz can l ay epha c 500ml dung dc
gl ucoz 5% coD = 1g/cm
3

g 25
100
5 . 1 . 500

Bai tap 25
Neu phng phap phan bi et cac chat sau:
a) Ti nh bot, xenl ul oz, saccaroz
- Hoa ta 3 chat trong nc, chat tan l asaccaroz
- Dung dung dch i ot nhan bi et ti nh bot.
- Con l ai xenl ul oz
b) Ti nh bot, gl ucoz, saccaroz
- Hoa tan trong nc: nhan bi et ti nh bot (khong tan) hoac dung
dung dch i ot.
- Dung phan ng trang gng nhan bi et gl ucoz
- Con l ai saccaroz
Bai tap 26
Vi et phng trnh chuoi phan ng:
Ti nh bot gl ucoz ru eti l i c axi t axeti c eti l axetat
ru eti l i c.
axi t, t
0


26
(-C
6
H
10
O
5
-)
n
+ nH
2
O nC
6
H
12
O
6
(1)

C
6
H
12
O
6
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2
(2)

C
2
H
5
OH

+ O
2
CH
3
COOH + H
2
O

CH
3
COOH + CH
3
CH
2
OH CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
+ H
2
O

CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
+ NaOH CH
3
COONa + CH
3
CH
2
OH

M UC L UC

Chng I I
CAC LOAI HP CHAT VOC 4

Chng I I
KI M LOAI 34

Chng I I I
PHI KIM
S LC VEBANG TUAN HOAN CAC NGUYEN TOHOA HOC 63

ChngI V
HI DROCACBON VANHI EN LI EU 93

Chng V
DAN XUAT CUA HI DROCABON POLI ME 118
men gi am
men ru
H
2
SO
4

Tóm tắt LT-BT Hóa 9

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