TRNG I HC CN TH

KHOA THY SN

L HNG NGHI

KH NNG S DNG CM GO LN MEN

LM THC N CHO ARTEMIA

LUN VN TT NGHIP I HC
NGNH NUI TRNG THY SN

2009
1

TRNG I HC CN TH
KHOA THY SN

L HNG NGHI

KH NNG S DNG CM GO LN MEN

LM THC N CHO ARTEMIA

LUN VN TT NGHIP I HC
NGNH NUI TRNG THY SN

CN B HNG DN
NGUYN TH HNG VN
NGUYN VN HA

2009
2

LI CM T
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti nh s ch dn tn tnh ca qu thy c cng s
gip ca cc anh ch v cc bn thuc khoa Thy Sn trng i Hc Cn Th,
ti mi c th hon thnh kha hc ca mnh cng nh vit cun Lun vn Tt
nghip i Hc ny. Nhn y, xin gi li cm n chn thnh nht c bit n:
Ths. Nguyn Th Hng Vn.
Ts. Nguyn Vn Ha.
Cc anh ch thuc Trung tm ng dng v Chuyn giao Cng NghTrng i hc Cn Th.
Cc anh ch thuc B mn Dinh dng-Trng i hc Cn Th.
Tp th lp Nui Trng Thy Sn K31-Trng i hc Cn Th.
Do kin thc cn hn ch v thi gian c hn nn Lun vn cn nhiu im thiu
st. Rt mong qu thy c v cc bn ng gp kin lun vn c hon
chnh hn.

TM TT
ti tp trung nh gi kh nng s dng cm go men (Saccharomyces
ceverisiae) lm thc n cho Artemia. Cc hm lng (HL) men dng cm
gm: 0,5; 0,7; 1; 1,2; 1,5 v 2 ppm (c hoc khng c b sung ng). Kt qu
cho thy, HL men t 0,5 1ppm kh thch hp s dng cho vic cm thng
qua n, hiu qu s dng v mi thm c trng ca cm .
Trong th nghim th hai v nh hng ca cm go men ln sinh trng v pht
trin ca qun th Artemia cho thy: 1) C 6 loi cm men u c th s dng
lm thc n cho Artemia tuy nhin HL men 0,7- 1 ppm, khng ng nn c
chn s dng v cho t l sng (TLS) cao nht (52,7-55,8 %), ph hp nui
sinh khi Artemia cc th tch ln (lng sinh khi thu t 23,8-25,1 g sinh khi
ti/10 L).
Vo ngy nui th 14, cm men khng ng khi s dng lm thc n cho
Artemia th cho TLS kh n nh gia cc ln lp li ( lch chun bin thin t
0,7-5,3), cao hn (t 39,7-55,8%) nhng cho tng trng chm hn (t 5,96-5,99
mm) so vi cm men c ng (t 6,02-6,69 mm). Ngc li, cm men c
ng th c TLS bin ng gia cc ln lp li ( lch chun bin thin t 3,37,7) v thp hn (t 38,1-46,5 %), tuy nhin li c tng trng tt hn so vi
men thng thng.

ii

MC LC
MC LC--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii
DANH SCH BNG -------------------------------------------------------------------- v
DANH SCH HNH -------------------------------------------------------------------- vi
Phn 1: GII THIU ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1
Phn 2: LC KHO TI LIU ---------------------------------------------------- 3
A. Artemia l g?--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
2.1. c im phn loi -------------------------------------------------------------- 3
2.2. c im phn b---------------------------------------------------------------- 3
2.3. c im mi trng sng------------------------------------------------------ 4
2.4. Hnh thi vng i ca Artemia------------------------------------------------ 5
2.4.1. c im v hnh thi ----------------------------------------------------- 5
2.4.2. Vng i ca Artemia----------------------------------------------------- 6
2.5. c im mi trng sng v dinh dng ----------------------------------- 8
2.6. c im sinh sn Artemia ----------------------------------------------------- 9
2.7. Qu trnh di nhp----------------------------------------------------------------10
2.8. Tnh hnh sn xut v s dng Artemia trn th gii v Vit Nam ------10
2.8.1. Th gii --------------------------------------------------------------------10
2.8.2. Vit Nam-------------------------------------------------------------------11
B. S lc v nm men (Saccharomyces ceverisiae) ------------------------------11
2.9. Phn loi--------------------------------------------------------------------------11
2.10. Gi tr dinh dng ca nm men --------------------------------------------12
2.11. Lm giu thm m cho thc phm tinh bt v thc n gia sc --------13
2.12. Cm go-------------------------------------------------------------------------13
Phn 3: VT LIU V PHUNG PHP NGHIN CU---------------------15
A. VT LIU NGHIN CU --------------------------------------------------------15
3.1. Dng c, vt t v ho cht----------------------------------------------------15
3.2. Ngun trng ging Artemia ---------------------------------------------------15
3.3. Ngun nc----------------------------------------------------------------------15
3.4. Thc n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------15
3.5 Thi gian v a im -----------------------------------------------------------15
B. PHUNG PHP NGHIN CU ------------------------------------------------- 16
3.6. Phng php b tr th nghim ------------------------------------------------16
3.6.1. Th nghim 1: Xc nh hm lng (HL) men v ng
thch hp cm go ----------------------------------------------------------16
3.6.2. Th nghim 2: nh hng ca cm gao men l n sinh
trng v pht trin ca qun th Artemia------------------------------------17
3.7. Phng php lm thc n v cch cho n -----------------------------------18
3.8. Ch chm sc ----------------------------------------------------------------19
3.9. Phng php thu thp s liu--------------------------------------------------20
3.9.1. Cc yu t mi trng ---------------------------------------------------20

iii

3.9.2. Cc ch tiu khc----------------------------------------------------------20

3.10. Th nghim nui sinh khi Artemia----------------------------------------21
3.11. Phng php phn tch s liu ----------------------------------------------21
Phn 4: KT QU THO LUN ---------------------------------------------------22
4.1. Th nghim 1: Xc nh hm lng (HL) men v ng thch
hp cm go--------------------------------------------------------------------22
4.1.2. n thc n-------------------------------------------------------------22
4.1.2. Hiu qu s dng---------------------------------------------------------23
4.2. Th nghim 2: nh hng ca cc loi cm ln t l sng
ca Artemia ---------------------------------------------------------------------------24
4.2.1. iu kin mi trng ----------------------------------------------------24
4.2.2. nh hng ca cc loi cm ln t l sng ca Artemia ---------26
4.2.3. Chiu di (mm) -----------------------------------------------------------27
4.2.4. Mt v thnh phn qun th-----------------------------------------28
4.2.5. Nng sut sinh khi ------------------------------------------------------33
4.2.6. Sc sinh sn ---------------------------------------------------------------34
4.2.7. Phng thc sinh sn ----------------------------------------------------35
4.3 Th nghim nui sinh khi Artemia ----------------------------------------36
Phn 5: KT LUN V XUT -------------------------------------------------37
5.1. KT LUN ----------------------------------------------------------------------37
5.2. XUT------------------------------------------------------------------------37
TI LIU THAM KHO-------------------------------------------------------------38
PHC LC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------40

iv

DANH SCH BNG

Bng 3.1: S th nghim 1 -----------------------------------------------------------16
Bng 3.2: S th nghim 2 -----------------------------------------------------------17
Bng 4.1: Th tch tng (ml) ca cm men sau 24h--------------------------------22
Bng 4.2: Hiu qu s dng (%) ca cm men -------------------------------------23
Bng 4.3: Nhit trung bnh lch chun (LC) ------------------------------25
Bng 4.4: pH trung bnh LC --------------------------------------------------------26
Bng 4.5: TLS (%) ca Artemia theo ngy (Trung bnh LC)-------------------26
Bng 4.6: Trung bnh chiu di Artemia (mm) LC qua cc ngy nui -------27
Bng 4.7: Mt (con/L) ca cc NT trong 5 tun nui ----------------------------29
Bng 4.8: Mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT I trong 5
tun nui-----------------------------------------------------------------------------49
Bng 4.9: Mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT II trong 5
tun nui-----------------------------------------------------------------------------49
Bng 4.10: Mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT III trong
5 tun nui --------------------------------------------------------------------------50
Bng 4.11: Mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT IV
trong 5 tun nui -------------------------------------------------------------------50
Bng 4.12: Mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT V trong
5 tun nui --------------------------------------------------------------------------50
Bng 4.13: Mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT VI
trong 5 tun nui -------------------------------------------------------------------50
Bng 4.14: Mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT VII
trong 5 tun nui -------------------------------------------------------------------51
Bng 4.15: Khi lng sinh khi Artemia sau 5 tun nui--------------------------33
Bng 4.16: Sc sinh sn trung bnh LC ca Artemia (s phi/con ci) -------34
Bng 4.17: T l (%) LC con ci mang ti p Nauplii v cyst ----------- 531
Bng 4.18 : Kt qu TLS (%) ca Artemia v khi lng sinh khi (g) ca
Artemia sau 14 ngy nui ---------------------------------------------------------------36

DANH SCH HNH

Hnh 2.1: Bn phn b Artemia trn th gii --------------------------------------- 4
Hnh 2.2: Lc s pht trin ca qun th Artemia trn rung mui
(theo Sorgeloos v ctv., 1996)----------------------------------------------------- 5
Hnh 2.3: Hnh dng ca Artemia trng thnh --------------------------------------- 6
Hnh 2.4 : Vng i ca Artemia (theo Sorgeloos v ctv., 1980) ------------------- 6
Hnh 2.5: Trng ang n------------------------------------------------------------------ 7
Hnh 2.6: Artemia bung d---------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Hnh 2.7: Artemia Instar I -------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Hnh 2.8: Artemia ci v c ------------------------------------------------------------- 8
Hnh 2.9: S bt cp ca Artemia-------------------------------------------------------- 9
Hnh 2.10: Saccharomyces ceverisiae--------------------------------------------------12
Hnh 3.1: H thng th nghim ----------------------------------------------------------18
Hnh 3.2: Men bnh m trong bao b ---------------------------------------------------18
Hnh 3.3: Li lc thc n 50 m ------------------------------------------------------19
Hnh 3.4: Thc n c tr lnh--------------------------------------------------------19
Hnh 3.5: Mt s dng c o mi trng ----------------------------------------------20
Hnh 4.1: Th tch (ml) ca cm men sau 24h --------------------------------------40
Hnh 4.2: Hiu qu s dng (%) ca cm men -------------------------------------41
Hnh 4.3: Bin ng nhit trung bnh trong 5 tun nui -------------------------42
Hnh 4.4: Bin ng pH sng chiu ----------------------------------------------------44
Hnh 4.5: T l sng trung bnh ca Artemia sau 7 v 14 ngy nui -------------45
Hnh 4.6: Trung bnh chiu di Artemia (mm) LC qua cc ngy nui --------49
Hnh 4.7: Bin ng mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia
NT I trong 5 tun nui -------------------------------------------------------------30
Hnh 4.8: Bin ng mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia
NT II trong 5 tun nui ------------------------------------------------------------30
Hnh 4.9: Bin ng mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia
NT III trong 5 tun nui -----------------------------------------------------------30
Hnh 4.10: Bin ng mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia
NT IV trong 5 tun nui-----------------------------------------------------------31
Hnh 4.11: Bin ng mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia
NT V trong 5 tun nui------------------------------------------------------------31
Hnh 4.12: Bin ng mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia
NT VI trong 5 tun nui-----------------------------------------------------------31
Hnh 4.13: Bin ng mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia
NT VII trong 5 tun nui----------------------------------------------------------32
Hnh 4.14: Khi lng sinh khi Artemia sau 5 tun nui --------------------------33
Hnh 4.15: T l (%)LC con ci mang ti p Nauplii v cyst ---------------41

vi

Phn 1
GII THIU
Trong s nhng ngun thc n ti sng c s dng trong ngnh nui trng
thy sn th u trng Artemia c s dng rt rng ri do nhng thun tin v gi
tr m chng mang li. Khng c g ngc nhin khi kh nng trng hay cn gi
l bo nang (cyst) lm cho Artemia tr thnh ngun thc n tin li v di do
cho u trng c (Dhont, 1993). Sau khi thu hoch v x l, trng trng thi tim
sinh c th c tr trong nhiu nm v em ra s dng nh l ngun thc n
ti sng lun c sn. S thun tin v n gin ca vic p lm cho Artemia tr
thnh ngun thc n ti sng thun tin nht trong ngnh chn nui thy sn (Ts
Frank Marini - ngun www.advancedaquarist.com). Ngoi ra, Artemia l loi thc
n giu dinh dng v giu lng acid bo khng bo ha (HUFA).
Trong thc t thc n ti sng c ngun gc ng vt l loi thc n cung cp
nhiu nng lng v n cha nhiu cht dinh dng thit yu gp phn nng cao
t l sng ca cc i tng thu sn m thc n ch bin khng th p ng tt.
Artemia c hm lng dinh dng rt cao, 40-70% protein, 10-30% lipid, nhiu
acid bo v cc acid amin cn thit (Leger et., 1985). Ngoi ra, Artemia cn c u
th l t gy nhim mi trng nc nui so vi vic s dng cc loi thc n
nhn to. Hn na, qu trnh pht trin ca Artemia t giai on nauplii n giai
on trng thnh c cc kch c khc nhau c th lm thc n thch hp cho tng
giai on pht trin ca u trng tm c, nh Sorgeloos v et al. (1982) nhn
nh: Artemia l loi thc n thch hp cho nhiu loi c nc l v gi tr dinh
dng cao v d s dng. Ngoi dng sinh khi c th s dng lm thc n ti
sng trc tip cho tm c, trng bo xc ca Artemia (Cyst) c th d tr c
nhiu nm dng sy kh p ng nhu cu cho cc th trng trong v ngoi
nc vi gi kh cao.
Artemia l loi sinh vt c kh nng chu ng nhng iu kin khc nghit ca
mi trng (nh nhit , mn, oxy), chng c tp tnh sng tri ni. V n
lc khng chn la (Reeve, 1963), v c th s dng nhiu loi thc n khc nhau
(Sorgcloos et al., 1986). giai on u trng chng c th s dng thc n c
kch c 25-30m v tng ln 40-50m khi t n kch c trng thnh
(Dobbeleir et al., 1980).

Thc n ca Artemia mc d tt nht l to ti, tuy nhin vi thc t ng rung

th loi thc n ny khng th cung cp lng m bo cho sinh trng v
sinh sn ca qun th Artemia nht l vo nhng ngy ma bo hoc khng c
nng. Trong thc tin nng dn s dng cc loi ph phm nng nghip ch yu l
cm go lm thc n cho Artemia, tuy nhin theo Nguyn Vn Ha v ctv.
(2007) th hiu qu s dng ch khong 20%. tng hiu qu s dng, cm vi
men l mt phng php trong chn nui gia sc c s dng nhiu nhng
i vi thy sn vn cn rt t ti liu c cng b.
tm hiu hiu qu s dng cm go men lm thc n cho Artemia nhm
hng ti vic b sung mt ngun thc n c hiu qu c v kinh t ln s dng,
ti Kh nng s dng cm go ln men lm thc n cho Artemia c
thc hin vi mong mun s c nhng ng gp nht nh cho s pht trin ca
ngh nui Artemia.
Mc tiu nghin cu
Nghin cu nh hng ca cm go men (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) v hiu
qu s dng ca n khi lm thc n cho Artemia v thy c tc dng ca vic
thm ng trong qu trnh cm nhm kch thch s pht trin ca vi khun, t
a ra mt cng thc cm vi hm lng men v lng ng thch hp
nhm tng kh nng s dng i vi Artemia.
Ni dung nghin cu
o Xc nh hm lng men (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) v ng tt nht
cm lm thc n cho Artemia.
o Theo di cc ch tiu sinh trng, t l sng, s pht trin ca qun th,
sc sinh sn v lng sinh khi thu ca Artemia khi s dng cm go
men vi cc hm lng khc nhau.

Phn 2
LC KHO TI LIU
A. Artemia l g?
2.1. c im phn loi
Theo Nguyn Vn Ho v ctv. (2007), Artemia l tn Latin ca mt loi gip xc
nh chuyn sng nhng vng nc mn c bin mui rng (t vi %o n
250 %o nh rung mui), c tn v v tr trong h thng phn loi nh sau:
Ngnh:
Arthropoda.
Lp:
Crustacea.
Lp ph: Branchiopoda.
B:
Anostraca.
H:
Artemiidae.
Ging: Artemia, Leach (1819).
Cc th nghim lai cho ch ra s khc bit gia cc qun th Artemia v s ghi
nhn cc loi anh em theo cc tn gi khc nhau. Gia cc dng Artemia lng
tnh hoc d hp t (qun th bao gm con dc v con ci) c tt c su loi anh
em nh sau:
Artemia salina :
Lymington (Anh quc, by gi tuyt ging)
Artemia tunisiana:
Chu u
Artemia franciscana: Chu M (Bc, Trung v Nam M)
Artemia perrsimilis: Achentina
Artemia urmiana:
Iran
Artemia monica:
Mono Lake, CA- USA
2.2 c im phn b
Artemia c tm thy 500 h t nhin v nhn to trn th gii, ri rc khp
vng nhit i, cn nhit i v n i. Chng c kh nng thch nghi vi bin
nhit khc nhau t 6 oC n 35 oC v vi nng mui ti 250 %o (Nguyn
Vn Ho v ctv., 2007). Tuy vy, Artemia li khng c trong t nhin khu vc
ng Nam ni chung v Vit Nam ni ring do nh hng ca ch gi ma,
thy vc khng c mn cao v c nhiu sinh vt th ch (Nguyn Vn Ho v
ctv.,1994).

S phn b ca Artemia c chia lm hai nhm:

Nhng loi bn a tn ti tn ti t rt lu trong cc h, vnh t nhin c
gi l nhng loi Cu th gii (Old World).
Nhng loi thuc v Tn th gii (New World) l nhng loi mi xut hin
nhng vng trc y khng c s hin din ca Artemia. S c mt ca
chng l do ngi, chim hoc l gi to ra m tiu biu l loi Artemia
franciscana (i din cho loi Artemia Tn th gii) c s dng rng
ri th nui nhiu rung mui trn khp cc lc a.

S phn b Artemia trn th gii

Hnh 2.1: Bn phn b Artemia trn th gii

(ngun www.Palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Crustacea.html)
2.3. c im mi trng sng
Cc qun th Artemia trong t nhin phn b khng lin tc m thnh tng vng
Artemia c th sinh sng tt trong nc bin t nhin ( mui 35 %o), nhng
chng khng th pht tn ngang qua bin do c qu nhiu loi cnh tranh v ch
hi (tm, c, copepode.). V th Artemia phn b ch yu vng nc c
mn cao (trn 70 %o) hn ch k th. Chng c th sng mn gn bo ha
(250 %o). S thch nghi ca chng vi mn cao theo mt c ch bao gm:
H thng iu ha thm thu tt.
Kh nng tng hp cc sc t h hp cao nhm thch ng vi tnh trng oxy
thp ni c mn cao.
Kh nng sn xut trng bo xc khi mi trng bt li.
4

Hnh 2.2: Lc s pht trin ca qun th Artemia trn rung mui (theo
Sorgeloos v ctv., 1996)
Cc dng Artemia khc nhau thch nghi rng vi s bin i mi trng sng
khc nhau c bit l nhit (6-35 oC), mui ( mn ca nc) v thnh
phn ion ca mi trng sng. cc thy vc nc mn vi mui NaCl l thnh
phn ch yu to nn cc sinh cnh Artemia ven bin v cc sinh cnh nc mn
khc nm su trong t lin, chng hn h Great Salt Lake (GSL) Utah, M.
Cc sinh cnh Artemia khc khng c ngun gc t bin nm su trong lc a c
thnh phn ion khc rt nhiu so vi vc nc bin: Vc nc sulphate (Chaplin
lake, Saskatchewan, Canada), vc nc carbonate (Mono lake, Califonia, M), v
cc khu vc nc giu ln (rt nhiu h Nebraska, M).
2.4. Hnh thi vng i ca Artemia
2.4.1. c im v hnh thi
Artemia thn c dng hnh ng trn, c th c phn t, khng v u ngc, phn
u ngn nh, gia phn trc c mt i mt n gi l mt gia, hai bn mt
gia l mt i mt kp. t cui ca b phn bng v t cui ca t ui c
mt chc ui hnh l, chn bng ca Artemia c khong 10 i mc hai bn thn
c dng l.

Hnh 2.3: Hnh dng ca Artemia trng thnh

(ngun www.Palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Crustacea.html)
2.4.2 Vng i ca Artemia
Artemia c vng i ngn ( iu kin ti u c th pht trin thnh con trng
thnh sau 7-8 ngy nui), sc sinh sn cao (Sorgeleloos, 1980; Jumalon et al.,
1982) v qun th Artemia lun lun c hai phng thc sinh sn trng v
con (Browne et al., 1984).
Con ci mang trng bo xc
hoc u trng Nauplii

Trng bo xc

Bt cp

u trng mi n

Artemia

u trng qua
cc giai on lt
xc

trng thnh

Hnh 2.4 : Vng i ca Artemia (theo Sorgeloos et al., 1980)

Ngoi t nhin, Artemia trng bo xc ni trn mt nc v c sng gi thi

dt vo b. Cc trng ngh ny ngng hot ng trao i cht v ngng pht trin
khi c gi kh. Nu cho vo nc bin hoc khi iu kin t nhin thun li
(nhit m p, ma nhiu mn gim...), trng bo xc c hnh cu lm s ht
nc phng to. Lc ny, bn trong trng s trao i cht bt u hot ng (Vos
v Rosa, 1980). Sau khong 20h, mng n bn ngoi nt ra v phi xut hin.
Phi c mng n bao quanh trong khi phi ang treo bn di v trng, s pht
trin ca u trng tip tc v mt thi gian ngn sau mng n b ph v v u
th Artemia c phng thch ra ngoi.

Hnh 2.5: Trng ang n

Hnh 2.6: Artemia bung d

u trng Artemia mi n (instar I, c chiu

di 400-500 m) c mu vng cam, c mt
mt nauplii (u th) mu phn u v 3
i ph b (anten I c chc nng cm gic,
anten II c chc nng bi li v lc thc n,
v b phn hm di lc thc n). u
trng giai on I khng tiu ho c thc
n, v b my tiu ha cha hon chnh,
chng sng nh vo non hong.

Hnh 2.7: Artemia Instar I

Sau khong 8-10 gi lc nh, u trng lt xc thnh giai on (instar II), lc ny

chng c th tiu ho c cc ht thc n c nh (t bo to, vi khun, cht vn)
c kch thc t 1-50 m, v lc ny b my tiu ha hot ng. u trng tng
trng qua 15 ln lt xc trc khi t giai on trng thnh.
Hnh 2.5; 2.6; 2.7 ngun http://diendancacanh.com/forum/show thread.php?t=129
7

Artemia trng thnh di khong 10-12 mm (tu dng). Tui th trung bnh ca c
th Artemia trong cc ao nui rung mui khong 40-60 ngy tu thuc iu
kin mi trng nui (nhit , mn, thc n ) (Nguyn vn Ha et al.,
1994). T giai on 10 ngy tr i, Artemia c s thay i ng k v hnh thi v
chc nng. Ru mt dn chc nng ban u ca chng v c s khc bit c th
c, ci.
Con c, ru pht trin thnh mu bm trong khi con ci ru pht trin thnh ph
b cm gic. Con c c mt cp c quan giao cu phn sau ca vng thn.
con ci c i bung trng nm hai bn ng tiu ho sau cc chn ngc.

Con c

Con ci

Hnh 2.8: Artemia ci v c

(www.novalex.com/kordon/Frozen_Brine_Shrimp index2htm&63
2.5. c im mi trng sng v dinh dng
ng vt ny c tp tnh sng tri ni, bi li t do trong mi trng nc mn,
c c tnh n lc khng chn lc (Reeve, 1963) v chng c th s dng nhiu
loi thc n khc nhau (Sorgeloos et al., 1986). giai on u trng chng c th
s dng thc n c kch c 25-30 m v 40-50 m khi trng thnh (Dobbeleir et
al., 1980), v chng c kh nng lc cc vt cht l lng trong nc (mn b hu
c, vi khun, t bo to n bo). phm vi kch thc nh hn 50m (Sorgeloos
et al., 1986). Chng bt mi bng cch dng chn bi a thc n t di ln
ming (trch dn t Nguyn i Khoa, 1999). rung nui thc n cho Artermia
ch yu da vo vic bn phn gy mu to trc tip (trong ao nui) hoc gin
tip (ao gy nui) (Rothis,1986). Ngoi ra chng cn s dng cc ph phm nh:

bt u nnh, cm go. c bit ng vt ny cn c kh nng chu ng nhng

iu kin khc nghit ca mi trng nh s bin ng ln ca cc yu t: nhit
, hm lng oxy, nng mui (Sorgeloos et al., 1980). Vit Nam hin nay
ang nui rng ri Artemia thuc dng Franciscana FSB (M), gn nh loi ny
c thun ho vi mi trng nc ta, chng c th pht trin tt trong iu
kin:
mn: 80-120 %o.
Nhit : 22-35 oC.
Oxy ho tan: khng thp hn 2 mg/L.
pH t trung tnh n kim (7,0-9,0).
2.6. c im sinh sn Artemia
Trc khi giao phi, con c bt cp vi con ci bng i ru ca n ti l sinh
dc v i chn ngc cui cng. Chng bi li xung quanh vi ngy, s giao phi
xy ra rt nhanh khi con c un cong bng v pha trc v a c quan giao
phi vo l sinh dc ca con ci.

Hnh 2.9: S bt cp ca Artemia

http://diendancacanh.com/fum/show thread.php?t=129
Trng th tinh pht trin thnh u trng bi li t do trong nc. Khi iu kin
thch hp, tuyn v hot ng v tit sn phm bi tit mu nu lm trng ni trn
mt nc v tp vo b kh li thnh trng ngh.
Trong iu kin thch hp, Artemia c th sng nhiu thng. Chng pht trin t
nauplii n trng thnh trong vng 8 ngy.
Theo Sorgeelos (1980), Artemia pht trin thnh con trng thnh sau 2 tun nui
v bt u tham gia sinh sn. Trong vng i con ci c th tham gia c 2 phng

thc sinh sn (phng th con = ovovivipaorus, phng th trng =

ovipaorus) v trung bnh mi con khong 1500-2500 phi.
2.7. Qu trnh di nhp
Vit Nam Artemia c du nhp t u thp nin 80 di dng trng bo xc
lm thc n cho tm cng xanh. Sau ngun trng ny c s dng lm
ging nui th nghim trong phng v th nui trong rung mui Vnh Chu,
Bc Liu, Cam Ranh, Phan Thit(Nguyn Vn Ho v ctv, 2007).
Mc d l i tng rt mi so vi cc ngh nng nghip khc vng ng Bng
sng Cu Long (BSCL), nhng vi s hnh thnh Trung Tm Nghin Cu v
Pht Trin Artemia Tm Trng i hc Cn Th, vic nghin cu ng dng
sn xut Artemia vng BSCL c thc hin mt cch lin tc v c h thng.
Cng vi s gip , hp tc v ti chnh, kin thc, kinh nghim ca cc n v
nghin cu truyn thng v Artemia trn th gii, n khong nm 1990 th Vin
Nghin Cu v Pht Trin Artemia Tm i Hc Cn Th xy dng v trin
khai ng dng Quy trnh k thut sn xut Trng v Sinh Khi Artemia trn
rung mui. Thnh cng trong nghin cu v m rng nhiu vng nh rung
mui huyn Vnh Chu, tnh Sc Trng, Bc Liu. Ngh nui Artemia tr thnh
quen thuc v t hiu qu kinh t ngy cng cao (Nguyn Kim Quang v ctv,
1993).
2.8. Tnh hnh sn xut v s dng Artemia trn th gii v Vit Nam
2.8.1 Th gii
Phn ln lng trng bo xc thu hoch trn th gii u c ngun gc t Great
Salt Lake (90%). Nhng nm tr li y ngh nui Artemia trn th gii ang c
chiu hng pht trin v m rng ra nhng a bn mi, c th l khu vc
rung mui Brazil, sau nhng thnh cng bc u, sn lng trng bo xc bt
u tt gim t nm 1982 cho n nay cha ci thin c. c tnh lng tiu
th bo xc Artemia ln n hng nghn tn hng nm (nm 1997, khong 6000
tri ging c nhu cu tiu th 1500 tn trng bo xc Artemia hng nm) (Nguyn
Vn Ho v ctv., 2007).
Tuy nhin, rt kh xc nh c chnh xc lng trng sn xut do cc thng tin
ghi nhn c cn rt hn ch. Nhng vng sn xut trng bo xc vi vi m nh
mc d rt thnh cng v mt k thut nhiu quc gia ng Nam v M

10

Latinh (Sorgeloos,1987), vn cha c khng nh s gp phn mt cch ng k

vo ngun cung cp trng bo xc trn th gii (Lavens v Sorgeloos, 2000). V
n ch chim khong 2% tng lng trng sn xut ra hng nm trn th gii. i
vi nhng quy trnh sn xut trn quy m ln mc d c nhng thnh cng nht
nh nhng vn cn nhiu bt cp xung quanh vn nui Artemia cn phi c
gii quyt trong thi gian sp ti.
2.8.2 Vit Nam
Vit Nam ngh nui Artemia mang tnh c th ca vng Duyn Hi, gn lin
vi nhu cu pht trin ca ngh nui tm, t bit trong u thp nin 1980,
Artemia bt u c nghin cu v th nghim nui cc vng bin thuc tnh
Cam Ranh, Khnh Ho, Nha Trang, Bc Liu, Sc Trng(Nguyn Kim Quang
v ctv., 1993).
Nm 1984, thng qua chng trnh hp tc Quc t, khoa Thu Sn, Trng i
Hc Cn Th nhp ni v nghin cu Artemia SanFrancisco Bay (SFB, M).
n nm 1989, quy trnh nui Artemia thu trng bo xc dn dn n nh v tng
bc c gy nui v pht trin mnh Bc Liu, Vnh Chu.
T nm 1996 n nay, hot ng nghin cu Artemia c s ti tr ca t chc
VLIR (B) tip tc quy trnh nui tng nng sut. Hin nay, cng vi chng
trnh hp tc vi t chc VLIR (B), khoa Thu Sn ang tin hnh nghin cu
th nghim sn xut Artemia rung mui Vnh Chu.
B. S lc v nm men (Saccharomyces ceverisiae)
2.9 Phn loi
Ngnh ph nm nang (Ascomicotina= lp Ascomycetes)
Lp:
Hemiascomycetes
B :
Endomycetales
H:
Saccharomycetaceae
Ging: Saccharomyces
Loi: Saccharomyces ceverisiae

11

Ging [Chi] Saccharomyces c khong 40 loi (van der Wart, 1970) v cc loi
trong ging ny c bit nhiu do chng c
ng dng trong lm ni bnh, bia, ru,, chng
hin din nhiu trong sn phm c ng, t,
tri cy chn, phn hoa,, cn trong cng nghip
thc phm nm men c nhiu ng dng rng ri
nh men ni bnh m, bnh bao, bnh b, bia,
ru, nc cht, nc tri cy ln men. Nm men
c hnh bu dc gn trn, kch thc khong 6-8
m x 5-6 m, v t bo cu to bi carbohydrate,
lipid, protein dy khong 0.5 m, mng t bo
cht, t bo cht, v nhn.
Hnh 2.10: Saccharomyces ceverisiae
(www.magma.ca/samat/yeast.htm)
Nm men l nhm d dng, ngun thc n chnh l ng (sucroz, glucoz,
fructoz) v cc nguyn t khc, nhiu loi c bit c th s dng c tinh bt.
Nm men s tng hp enzim cn thit c th s dng cc ngun cacbon trn v
cui cng l sn phm ru v kh cacbonic.
nm men
C6H12O6

2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + H2O + nng lng

2.10. Gi tr dinh dng ca nm men

Nm men l mt ch phm c gi tr dinh dng cao, c tng hp theo con
ng sinh hc gm cc thnh phn dinh dng. m trong nm men t 44
55% (Hong Vn Tin, 1970). Nm Saccharomyces ceverisiae c cha nhiu loi
acid amin, hm lng m cao, tt, nh kh nng tng hp trc tip t ng ca
cm (Hong Vn Tin, 1970). Mazid v ctv (1978) cho c r phi n 10 loi acid
amin cn thit, hu ht c trong nm Saccharomyces th thy s tng trng ca c
nhanh hn.
Hm lng ng c trong nm men t 25-35% (Hong Vn Tin, 1970), ng
trong nm men l cc glycogen, y l ngun nng lng b sung quan trong ca
c (Bi Lai v ctv., 1985). Cht bo trong nm men t 1,5-5% (Hong Vn Tin,
1970), cht bo l ngun nng lng cao nht v d s dng. Cht bo Triglycerit
l ngun nng lng c bn trong c th gip c bi khe (Bi Lai v ctv., 1985).

12

Ngun vitamin trong nm men rt di do v c hot tnh cao, vitamin B chim a

s ngoi ra cn c vitamin A v tin vitamin D. Vitamin khng th tng hp c
trong c th ng vt nhng n rt cn thit cho i sng ng vt (Bi Lai v
ctv., 1985). y l mt c tnh u vit ca nm men. Khong cht trong t bo
nm men cha nhiu nguyn t vi lng nh Fe, Mn, Ca,(Nguyn Ln Dng v
ctv., 1982).
Nm men l mt sinh vt sng c kh nng tng hp cc cht dinh dng, to cho
thc n c mi v thon ngon kch thch vt nui thm n, n nhiu va tiu ha tt.
2.11. Lm giu thm m cho thc phm tinh bt v thc n gia sc
c th t c nng sut, ngoi phng php cho n, cch qun l chm sc
ca ngi nui th thc n cho i tng nui phi c cht lng tt. Nng cao gi
tr dinh dng ca nguyn liu lm thc n trc khi ch bin l cch lm va p
ng c nhu cu ca i tng nui va em li kt qu mong mun cho ngi
nui.
Do c kh nng phn ct vt cht cac-bon, nm l hu dng trong vic nng cao
gi tr dinh dng ca cc sn phm ph nng-cng nghip sau ch bin, chng
hn nh tinh bt cha trong cht cn b khoai lang (Yang et al.,1993), hoc b ma
ng cellulose (Moo-Young et al.,1992). Cho mc ch thm vo cc ngun m
r tin nh (NH4)2SO4 v urea c th bin i thnh m v th lm giu dinh
dng thm cho thc n.
2.12 Cm go
Vit Nam l mt quc gia nng nghip, vi truyn thng vn ha La Nc. V
vy, sn lng cm go ng Bng sng Cu Long gia tng ng k, c tnh
c khong vi trm ngn tn cm go trong nm v con s ny s cn tip tc gia
tng trong nhng nm tip theo (Nin gim thng k, 1997). Cm go l ngun
ph phm chnh t la go c s dng cho chn nui gia sc, gia cm. Ngoi
ra, cm cn l nguyn liu lm thc n cho tm c. Trong quy trnh sn xut thc
n cho tm c cm go c dng nh mt nguyn liu phi ch ch yu cung cp
cht dinh dng v lm gim gi thnh thc n do gi cm go thp, y l mt
yu t c ngha c bit mang li hiu qu kinh t cho ngi nui thy sn ni
ring cng nh cc nh nng chn nui gia sc gia cm ni chung.
Cm l mt trong nhng sn phm c lm ra t la go, theo Bi c Hi v
ctv. (1997) th cm cha protein v cht bo cao nht so vi cc sn phm khc
13

c lm ra t qu trnh ny. Boy v Goodyear (1971) cho bit trong cm go c

cha hm lng cht bo t 14-18%, cht m t 11-16% nhng hm lng ln
cht x v cht bt ng (carbohydrat) cao nn cn phi phi ch vi cc nguyn
liu khc khi ch bin thc n. a s Carbon do thc vt cung cp v l mt trong
nhng cht dinh dng cn bn. l cht m, cht bo v Carbohydrates. Wee
(1991) cho bit phng php ln men cc nguyn liu lm thc n cho c c
ngun gc t thc vt cho kt qu tt. Tc gi cng cho bit qu trnh l men
khng ch lm tng hm lng m m cn lm tng t l tiu ha cc amino acid
v c acid bo t do.
Trong chn nui cng c mt s nghin cu ln men cm nng cao thnh phn
dinh dng v gia tng t l tiu ha thc n heo. Thng cm c s dng vi
hnh thc ri trn mt nc hoc trn vi thc vt hoc mt vi dng khc lm
thc n ti, vi hnh thc cho n ny th chc chn l cha nng cao cht lng
thc n cng nh hiu qu hp thu ca ng vt s dng, nguyn nhn l do thc
n tan nhanh trong nc gy nhim mi trng v nh hng n nng sut cui
cng.

14

Phn III VT LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

A. VT LIU NGHIN CU
3.1. Dng c, vt t v ho cht

Keo nha th tch 5 L (18 keo).

Men bnh m (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), cm go,ng lm thc n.
Li lc th n (<50 m)
Dng c o: nhit o bng nhit k thu ngn, cy o mn, my o
pH.
H thng sc kh: my sc kh, bt, van iu chnh.
Knh hin vi c thc o kch thc, n neon 40 w.
Cn in t, a petri.
Cc thu tinh, x nha, vt, ca.
T sy.
Ha cht: Formol, Chlorine (bt ty), Javel (NaOCl), ThiosulfatNatri
(Na2S2O3), lugol.
Mt s dng c v trang thit b khc.

3.2. Ngun trng ging Artemia: trng Artemia Franciscana dng Vnh
Chu.
3.3. Ngun nc
Nc ngt: s dng ngun nc my.
Nc mn c ngun gc t nc t c nng mui kh cao (100%o) c
pha long xung 80%o vi nc ngt.
3.4. Thc n
Thc n cho Artemia l cm go ln men (vi cc hm lng men khc nhau, c
v khng c b sung thm ng).
3.5 Thi gian v a im
Thi gian: 2 thng (t thng 04/2009-06/2009).
a im: Tri thc nghim Khoa Thy sn, trng i hc Cn Th.

15

B. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

3.6. Phng php b tr th nghim
3.6.1. Th nghim 1: Xc nh hm lng (HL) men v ng thch hp
cm
Th nghim vi 6 HL men (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): 0.5 ppm; 0.7ppm; 1ppm;
1.2 ppm; 1.5 ppm; 2ppm theo trng lng men v cm go, v khng ng hoc
c ng vi HL ng 10g/kg cm go. Gm 12 NT VII l NT C (i chng)
nh trong Bng 3.1v mt NT i chng (cm go bnh thng).
Bng 3.1: S th nghim 1

HL men s dng cm (ppm)

0.5

0.7

1.2

1.5

khng ng

NT I

NT II

NT III

NT IV

NT V

NT VI

c ng

NT I

NT II

NT III

NT IV

NT V

NT VI

0 (C)

NT VII

Cch lm thc n:
Cn khi lng cm go, men, v ng theo ng t l. Sau em men ha tan
vi lng nc thch hp (chia nc men ny lm 2 phn bng nhau), phn 1
khng c ng, phn 2 c thm ng (10 g/kg cm). Cui cng trn u cc
phn ln lt vi cm go.
Tin hnh phn tch cc ch tiu nh kh nng n, hiu qu s dng, HL dinh
dng (protein, lipid) ca cc loi thc n ny chn 3 loi thc n c cc ch
tiu thch hp nht ng vi 3 HL men b tr cho th nghim 2.
a. Th nghim v kh nng n:
Ly 39 ng nghim (13 NTx3 ln lp li) cho 10ml thc n va phi trn vo mi
ng nghim. Sau 24 gi tin hnh o th tch tng ln mi ng.

16

b. Th nghim v hiu qu s dng:

Cn 5 g cm (12 NTx3 ln lp li) v cm go bnh thng (3ln lp
li) vo 39 a cn. Sau em cc mu ny vo li 50m ra di vi
nc cho ti khi khng thy ht cm lt qua li na (nc trong).
Cn (W) phn cn li ca cm trn li v sy kh 60 oC trong 24 gi
cn trng lng sau sy (D) xc nh m.
Cng thc tnh m:
m (%)=

W D
* 100
W T

Trong :
W (g): trng lng t
D (g): trng lng kh
T (g): trng lng a cn
Cng thc tnh hiu qu s dng: Hiu qu s dng ca cm c tnh trn
c s trng lng kh ca cm ti (Pcm) v trng lng kh ca phn
cm b i (khng qua lc: Pwaste) theo cng thc:
H (%)=

Pcm Pwaste
Pcm

* 100

3.6.2 Th nghim 2: nh hng ca cm gao men ln sinh trng v pht

trin ca qun th Artemia
Th nghim b tr vi cc HL men c la chn ra t TN1 bao gm 6NT + NT
VII (NT C) cm bnh thng (Bng 3.2), mi NT lp li 3 ln.
Bng 3.2: S th nghim 2

Khng ng
C ng

Thc n c men (ppm)

HL 1
HL 2
HL 3
0 (C)
NT I
NT II
NT III
NT VII
NT IV
NT V
NT VI

Phng php x l nc v phng php p trng xem Ph lc 8 v Ph lc 9

17

B tr Artemia trong 21 keo nha (7 NTx 3 ln lp li) mi keo c th tch 5 L

cha 4 L nc c mn 80%o, mt th nui 500 nauplii/L.

Hnh 3.1: H thng th nghim

3.7. Phng php lm thc n v cch cho n
Phng php lm thc n
Cn cm go, men, ng theo ng t l (men- 3 HL c chn t
th nghim 1; ng- 10 g/1 kg cm go).
ong 3 phn nc c th tch bng nhau.
Ha tan men vi 3 phn nc va ong trn, sau chia mi phn
nc men lm 2 phn bng nhau (phn 1, phn 2 c ha tan thm
ng).
Trn u cc phn 1, 2 ln lt vi cm go em khong 24h.

Hnh 3.2: Men bnh m trong bao b

18

Cch cho n: Thc n c khong 24 gi c th cho Artemia n bng

cch: ong 100ml nc c mn 80%o khuy u vi cm , sau em
lc qua li 50m, dng pipet cho Artemia n. Thc n cn li c tr
trong t lnh.

Hnh 3.3: Li lc thc n 50 m

Hnh 3.4: Thc n c tr lnh

3.8. Ch chm sc
Cho n: 2 ln/ngy, liu lng cho n theo kiu tha mn bng cch quan
st mu nc trong keo nui, biu hin bi li ca Artemia v s hin din
thc n trong ng rut (nu thc n b t qung th lng thc n a
vo khng v phi b sung thm, ngc li nu nc c biu hin d,
mu nc trng c lu trong tr li th lng thc n c iu chnh
gim).
Thay nc: Ty thuc vo cht lng nc ca keo nui, tin hnh thay
50%o nc mi khi quan st thy nc c c trng, thc n lng xung
y keo hoc phn Artemia thi ra mi trng nc kh nhiu.
Sc kh: bng dy sc kh v bt a xung tn y keo qu trnh di
chuyn ca kh s lm cho thc n khng b lng t xung y nh vy
hiu qu lc ca Artemia s tt hn.

19

3.9. Phng php thu thp s liu

3.9.1. Cc yu t mi trng
Nhit : c o bng nhit k
thu tinh 2 ln/ngy vo lc 7 gi
v 14 gi.
pH: c o ngay sau khi cho n
(lc 8 gi v 16 gi).

Hnh 3.5: Mt s dng c o mi trng

3.9.2. Cc ch tiu khc
a. T l sng: TLS c xc nh vo ngy th 7, 14. mi keo ly 250
ml x 3 ln lp li m s Artemia, t l sng c tnh bng cch nh lng (mi
keo c 4 L nc nui).
b. Chiu di (mm) ca Artemia: c xc nh vo ngy th 7, 11, 14
bng cch bt ngu nhin 30 con trong qun th ca mi NT, c nh Artemia
bng lugol sau o t mt n ca Artemia n cht ui di knh hin vi
chuyn dng cho vic o mu vt c kch thc nh v hnh dng cong.
Cng thc tnh nh sau:
A 1
L(mm)= *
10
Trong :

L: l chiu di ca Artemia (mm).

A: l s vch o c.
:l phng i.

c. Mu sinh hc Artemia
Mt v thnh phn qun th c thu 1ln/tun. Phn chia cc giai on pht
trin ca thnh phn qun th Artemia theo ti liu ca Sorgeloos et al., (1986).
Nauplii (u trng): Ch c 3 i ph b.
Juvenile (con non): tnh t khi c th bt u xut hin chn bi n trc
giai on tham gia sinh sn, cc phn ph c im sinh sn xut hin.

20

 Tin trng thnh: c y cc ph b nh con trng thnh tuy

nhin cha th phn bit c, ci.
Adult (con trng thnh): Con ci bt u xut hin ti p. Con c bt u
xut hin i cng to.
d. Sinh hc sinh sn: (phng thc sinh sn % Artemia ci con hay
trng) c xc nh 1 ln khi kt thc th nghim. V sc sinh sn c tnh
(s phi Nauplii/con ci): Bt ngu nhin 30 con Artemia ci tham gia sinh sn
mi NT, quan st di knh lp m s phi nauplii.
e. Thu hoch sinh khi: Sinh khi c thu hoch bng vt thu c kch
thc (50 x 70 cm), mc li: 2a=1 mm. cc keo thu sinh khi cc NT
qua vt, sau sinh khi c ra sch bng nc my, ro nc v cn trng
lng ti. Sau em ct gi ngn t lnh nhm m bo cht lng sinh
khi khng thay i so vi sinh khi ti.
3.10. Th nghim nui sinh khi Artemia
Th tch 10 L nc nui, nc c mn 80%o.
Mt 1500 nauplii/L.
Sau 14 ngy tin hnh tnh TLS v thu sinh khi Artemia.
Tr lnh sinh khi Artemia v phn tch HL dinh dng (protein, lipid) ca
sinh khi.

3.11. Phng php phn tch s liu

Php phn tch SPSS 15.0 c s dng tm s sai bit c ngha thng k
gia cc NT mc p<0,05, tnh gi tr trung bnh v lch chun ca cc s liu.
Chng trnh Excel c s dng v th v s bin thin ca chng.

21

Phn IV
KT QU V THO LUN
4.1. Th nghim 1: nh hng ca HL men v ng ln n v hiu
qu s dng ca cm
4.1.2. n thc n: Sau 24 gi th tch ca mi NT u tng ln v
c trnh by nh sau:
Bng 4.1: Th tch (ml) ca cm men sau 24h
Men (ppm)
0.5
0.7
1
1.2
1.5
2
C

Khng ng
(ml)
21.001.73a
21.671.53a
22.001.73a
23.001.00a
23.001.00a
22.671.53a
22.00100a

C ng
(ml)
22.332.52a
23.002.65a
24.001.00a
24.001.00a
23.671.53a
23.330.58a

(Nhng ch ci theo ct ging nhau biu th s khc bit khng c ngha v khc nhau biu hin s khc
bit c ngha thng k mc p<0.05)

Qua Bng 4.1 cho thy cc NT khng b sung ng v cc NT c b sung ng

u khc bit khng c ngha thng k (p<0.05). Mt khc qua Bng 4.1 cng
cho thy th tch cc NT c b sung ng u ln hn cc NT khng b sung
ng, c th nm men hp thu lng ng ny hoc ng pht huy tc
dng kch thch s pht trin ca vi khun. Vi khun v nm men h hp sinh ra
nhiu kh CO2 to nn nhiu khong trng trong cc ht cm (c cm gic n ra)
v mi thm c trng ca vic ln men ru.
Tuy nhin mi quan h gia HL men v s tng th tch cha c thuyt phc v
t HL men 0.5-1.2 th tch tng theo HL men, nhng n HL men 1.2-2 th li c
s bin ng khng theo quy lut (th tch gim i). Kt qu ny c th l do sai
s trong thao tc lm, v HL men rt thp ch c 0.5-2ppm, li ch b tr mt ln.
Hn na mi trng v cm khng tit trng do c th b nh hng bi vi
khun ngu nhin. iu ny c chng minh khi trong NT C (cm bnh thng
thm nc cng c s gia tng v th tch).

22

4.1.2. Hiu qu s dng:

Bng 4.2: Hiu qu s dng (%) ca cm men
Men (ppm)
0.5
0.7
1
1.2
1.5
2
C

khng ng (%)
77.092.60a
77.501.27a
82.073.27b
79.791.26ab
79.411.99ab
77.981.97a
76.041.95a

c ng (%)
77.560.77a
80.741.55bc
81.391.42bcd
80.271.12b
83.051.38cd
83.491.04d

(Nhng ch ci theo ct ging nhau biu th s khc bit khng c ngha v khc nhau biu hin s khc
bit c ngha thng k mc p<0.05)

Qua Bng 4.2 cho thy hiu qu s dng cc NT c ng, khng ng u c

ngha thng k (p<0.05) v cng thy rng a s l vic lm gia tng hiu
qu s dng (NT C cm bnh thng ch c 76.04% thp nht) v c s gia tng
ca vi khun v nm men v nhng sinh vt ny phn hy (s dng) mt phn
tinh bt- theo l thuyt).
cng HL men nhng khi c b sung thm ng hiu qu s dng hu ht u
tng, cao nht l 2 ppm, c ng (83.49%). Nhng i vi cc NT khng ng,
HL men t 1.2-2 hiu qu s dng li c chiu hng gim t 79.79% cn 77.98%
(Bng 4.2).
Nhn chung, kt qu thu c t 2 th nghim vn cha th thy r c quy lut
chnh xc v mi quan h gia HL men v n thc n hay gia HL men vi
hiu qu s dng, nn rt kh chn ra HL men thch hp. Nhng theo Bng 4.1
v Bng 4.2, cc HL men 0.5, 0.7, 1 ppm c tnh quy lut khi HL men tng dn th
n, hiu qu s dng u tng, cn cc HL 1.2, 1.5, 2 ppm th li gim i v
vy, cc HL 0.5, 0.7, 1 ppm c chn b tr cho th nghim 2.

23

4.2. Th nghim 2: nh hng ca cm go men ln sinh trng v pht

trin ca qun th Artemia
4.2.1. iu kin mi trng
a. mn
Theo Nguyn Vn Ha v ctv (2007) th Artemia c kh nng sng nhng vng
nc mn c bin mui rng t vi %o n 250 %o. mn ln hn 250 %o
Artemia cht ng lot do mi ng
tr
vt ngng chu ng. Artemia
franciscana Vnh Chu trong qu trnh du nhp c thun ha trong iu kin
Vit Nam v c th pht trin tt mn 80-120 %o.
Theo nghin cu ca Hunh Thanh Ti v nh hng mt nui khc nhau
n sinh trng sinh sn ca Artemia Franciscana Vnh Chu (1996) chn
nng mui 90%o cho mi trng nui th nghim, v nng ny thch hp
cho s sinh trng ca Artemia.
Trong th nghim ny mn c duy tr 80 %o cng l mt trong nhng
mui c cho l thch hp cho s pht trin ca qun th Artemia Vnh Chu
(Nguyn Vn Ha v ctv., 2007). ng thi nng mui ny ngoi t nhin s
hn ch c k th ca Artemia nh c, tm tp, copepoda.
b. Nhit
Theo Nguyn Vn Ha v ctv., (2007), nhit c nh hng rt nhiu n sinh
trng cng nh sinh sn ca Artemia, v vy nhit cn c duy tr trong
khong thch hp, Artemia Vnh Chu c th pht trin tt trong iu kin nhit
22-35oC.
Theo nghin cu ca Hunh Thanh Ti v nh hng mt nui khc nhau
n sinh trng sinh sn ca Artemia Franciscana Vnh Chu(1996), cho rng
nhit l mt yu t gy nh hng n s sng v sinh trng ca Artemia,
nhit lc 14 gi l cao nht vo nhng ngy tri nng gt 37oC, thp nht vo
nhng ngy ma ln 29oC. Trong th nghim ny nhit c n nh nh my
iu ho nhit bt u t tun nui th 3 (W3) 28oC .

24

Bng 4.3: Nhit trung bnh lch chun (LC)

Tun
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5

Sng

Chiu

29,71 0,95b
29,71 0,76b
28,00 0,00a
28,00 0,00a
28,00 0,00a

30,36 1,38b
31,14 0,90b
28,00 0,00a
28,00 0,00a
28,00 0,00a

(Nhng ch ci theo ct ging nhau biu th s khc bit khng c ngha v khc nhau biu hin s khc
bit c ngha thng k mc p<0,05)

Kt qu Bng 4.3 cho thy nhit trung bnh vo bui sng W1v W2 khng
c s thay i (29.71 oC), bui chiu th c khuynh hng tng dn t W1 n W2
(30.36oC ln 31.14 oC nhng s khc bit ny khng c ngha thng k mc
p<0.05. Nhit trung bnh vo lc 7 gi sng dao ng t 28-29.71 oC, vo lc
14 gi l t 28-31.14 oC, nhn chung cc mc nhit ny u nm trong khong
thch hp cho sinh trng v sinh sn ca Artemia v khng nh hng n s
pht trin ca qun th Artemia cc NT. V theo nhiu nghin cu ca Vos v
De la Rosa (1980) (c trch dn bi Phan Th M Tho) cho rng gii hn sng
ca Artemia t 0oC n 37-38 oC. Artemia c nui rung mui Vnh Chu v
Bc Liu c th tn ti nhit 38-410C.
Nhit cng cao th t l Artemia ci con (Nauplii) tng v sc sinh sn gim
(Nguyn Th Ngc Anh v Nguyn Vn Ha, 2004), iu ny cng ph hp vi
kt qu phng thc sinh sn theo di c trong th nghim (Bng 4.17).
c. pH
Trong thi gian th nghim pH c theo di v kt qu c trnh by Bng 4.4
nh sau:

25

Bng 4.4: Bin ng pH trung bnh sng chiuLC

NT
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII

Sng

Chiu
ab

7.140.13
7.080.15a
7.140.10ab
7.120.15ab
7.140.13ab
7.150.14b
7.160.12b

7.070.16a
7.030.16a
7.080.14a
7.040.17a
7.070.15a
7.100.16a
7.110.12a

Bui sng pH dao ng trong khong 7.08-7.16 ( NT II v NT VII), cao hn so

vi bui chiu 7.03-7.11 ( NT II v NT VII). Tuy nhin khc bit khng c
ngha thng k gia cc nghim thc (p<0.05). S d c s gim pH vo bui
chiu l do vic cung cp thc n, cm go men lm cho pH tt c cc NT
u gim, cch khc phc l nn thay nc thng xuyn.
Nhn chung, pH ny l thch hp cho s pht trin ca Artemia, theo Nguyn Vn
Ha v ctv (2007), Artemia Vnh Chu hin ti pht trin tt trong iu kin pH
t 7,0-9,0.
4.2.2. nh hng ca cc loi cm ln t l sng ca Artemia
Artemia c cho n tng dn theo ngy tng NT, lng thc n cho n cng
c iu chnh tu thuc vo hiu qu lc ca Artemia, c ca nc sau khi
cho n, thc n hin din ng rut v t l sng. Sau 14 ngy nui v kt qu
v TLS c trnh by trong Bng 4.5
Bng 4.5: TLS (%) ca Artemia theo ngy (trung bnh LC)
ng
Khng ng

C ng

NT
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII(C)

Ngy 8

Ngy 14

45,512,16ab
58,406,10ab
59,735,77b
54,491,93ab
44,278,33ab
42,132,97a
57,3318,52ab

39,730,71a
52,713,79ab
55,825,37b
46,497,70ab
38,133,93a
38,583,26a
53,8718,95ab

Nhng ch ci theo ct ging nhau biu th s khc bit khng c ngha v khc nhau biu hin s khc
bit c ngha thng k mc p<0,05)

26

Kt qu Bng 4.5 cho thy TLS ca Artemia NT III l cao nht trong tt c cc
t thu mu (ngy 8 v ngy 14 tng ng vi 59,735,77% v 55,825,37%),
Ngoi ra, TLS ca Artemia NT II cng kh cao (58,406,10%, 52,713,79%),
v NT VII (57,3318,52%, 53,8718,95%) nhng nhn chung vn thp hn TLS
ca Artemia NT III v s khc bit ny khng c ngha thng k (p<0,05) cho
n ngy 14.
TLS ca Artemia NT tip tc gim t ngy 8 n ngy 14, c th l TLS NT V
ch cn 38,133,93% thp nht, ngoi ra hai NT I v NT VI c TLS cng rt thp
39,730,71% v 38,583,26% v s khc bit ca 3 NT ny cng khng c
ngha thng k (p<0,05).
Cc kt qu ny cng ph hp vi th nghim ca ng Kim Thanh (2009), trong
TLS khi cho Artemia bng cm men vo ngy 14 cng ch c 46,69,3%.
4.2.3. Chiu di (mm)
Bin ng v chiu di ca Artemia theo thi gian nui c trnh by (Bng 4.6)
Bng 4.6: Trung bnh chiu di Artemia (mm) LC qua cc ngy nui
ng
Khng ng

C ng

NT
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII (C)

Ngy 7

Ngy 11

Ngy 14

4,230,89abc
4,050,77ab
4,020,79ab
4,540,62c
5,041,37d
4,440,81bc
3,840,69a

5,850,83b
5,811,01b
5,791,06b
6,020,95b
6,670,89c
6,011,06b
5,251,37a

5,990,74a
5,970,65a
5,960,87a
6,070,79a
6,690,77b
6,020,89a
5,601,14a

(Nhng ch ci theo ct ging nhau biu th s khc bit khng c ngha v khc nhau biu hin s khc
bit c ngha thng k mc p<0,05)

Trung bnh chiu di Artemia c s khc bit gia cc NT vo ngy nui th 7.

Kt qu trong Bng 4.6 cho thy n ngy th 7 Artemia NT V c chiu di tng
trng nhanh hn so vi cc NT khc v s khc bit ny c ngha thng k c
vo ngy nui th 11 v 14. Do TLS NT V thp ch c 44,278,33% vo ngy
th 7 v ngy 14 ch cn 38,133,93% (Bng 4.5) do mt Artemia NT ny
cn thp, t c s cnh tranh v thc n, khng gian sng nn c chiu di cao hn
so vi cc NT khc.

27

Artemia NT VII-C pht trin chm nht c bit vo ngy th 7 (chiu di ch

3,840,69 mm) thp hn nhiu so vi Artemia cho n vi cc loi thc n khc.
Theo Nguyn Th Nht Thu (1985), khi nui Artemia mt 1000 con/L vi
thc n l cm go th trung bnh chiu di thn sau 7 ngy nui ch l 2,1mm.
Mc d c s bin ng v tng trng trong sut thi gian nui nhng cui cng
vo ngy nui th 14 cho thy Artemia (NT V) vn l loi thc n cho kt qu
chiu di cao nht (6,690,77mm), tip theo l Artemia nghim thc IV
(6,070,79mm)>nghim thc VI (6,02 0,89mm) > nghim thc I (5,990,74mm)
> nghim thc II (5,970,65mm)> nghim thc III (5,960,87mm), cui cng l
nghim thc VII (5,601,14mm). Tuy nhin s khc bit ny l khng c ngha
ngoi tr NT V tuy nhin chiu di ny phn no b nh hng bi t l sng.
T cc kt qu v TLS v chiu di cho thy:
- Cm men khng ng cho TLS n nh, cao hn nhng ngc li tng
trng chm hn.
- Cm men c ng TLS hay bin ng v thp hn (TLS 54,491,93%
vo ngy 7 v n ngy 14 gim xung cn 46,497,70% NT IV) nhng li cho
tng trng tt hn, c th l do tc dng ca nm men khi vi cm go c b
sung thm ng lm tng lng vi khun c hi. y chnh l ngun thc n
nhng cng khng loi tr gy bnh cho Artemia lm gim t l sng gy bin
ng ln gia cc ln lp li.
4.2.4. Mt v thnh phn qun th
Theo Nguyn Th Ngc Anh et al., (2004): Cc ao nui c chun b tt, t l
sng ca u trng Artemia 24 gi sau khi th ging c th t khong 70-80%, sau
mt tun nui khong 50-60%.

28

Bng 4.7: Mt (con/L) ca cc NT trong 5 tun nui

NT
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII

W1
500
500
500
500
500
500
500

W2
199
264
279
232
191
193
269

W3
549
764
636
1181
340
324
1044

W4
535
753
622
849
1097
492
433

W5
968
1334
1711
1677
428
1693
533

Qua Bng 4.7 cho thy mt Artemia c b tr ban u bng nhau mi NT

l 500 con/L v gim ti cho ti tun th 2. Tun th 3 c khuynh hng tng
ln do s b sung qun th t cc c th trng thnh, cng v sau th qun th
c s xut hin y ca 4 thnh phn qun th (Hnh 4.7-Hnh 4.13)
W2, mt thp nht l NT V ch cn 191 con/L TLS ch t 38,13%, cao nht
l NT III 279 con/L tng ng vi TLS 55,82% (Bng 4.5).
W3, NT IV mt con trng thnh cn cao 233 con/L cng thm mt cc
con nauplii do chng sinh ra nn mt NT ny kh cao 1181 con/L. Cn NT
VII th thnh phn nauplii v juvenile (con non) lm cho mt ca NT ny
tng ln 1044 con/L.
W4, th mt NT V t 1097 con/L cao nht. W5, mt cc NT II, III, IV,
VI kh cao ln lt l 1334 con/L, 1711 con/L, 1677 con/L, 1693 con/L, do phn
ln mt con trng thnh cc NT ny u t kh v c kh nng sinh sn
c nauplii.
Mt v thnh phn qun th tng NT c trnh by t Hnh 4.7 cho n
Hnh 4.13

29

Nauplii
Tin trng thnh

2000

Juenile
trng thnh

1500

)tl/noc(tM

1000
500
0
W1

W2

W3
W4
Tun nui

W5

Hnh 4.7: Bin ng mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT I trong 5 tun nui

Nauplii
Tin trng thnh

2000

Juenile
trng thnh

1500

)tl/noc(tM

1000
500
0
W1

W2

W3
Tun nui

W4

W5

Hnh 4.8: Bin ng mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT II trong 5 tun nui

Nauplii
Tin trng thnh

2000

Juenile
trng thnh

1500

)tl/noc(tM

1000
500
0
W1

W2

W3
Tun nui

W4

W5

Hnh 4.9: Bin ng mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT III trong 5 tun nui

30

Nauplii
Tin trng thnh

2000

Juenile
trng thnh

1500

)tl/noc(tM

1000
500
0
W1

W2

W3
W4
Tun nui

W5

Hnh 4.10: Bin ng mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT IV trong 5 tun nui

Nauplii
Tin trng thnh

2000

Juenile
trng thnh

1500

)tl/noc(tM

1000
500
0
W1

W2

W3
Tun nui

W4

W5

Hnh 4.11: Bin ng mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT V trong 5 tun nui

Nauplii
Tin trng thnh

2000

Juenile
trng thnh

1500

)tl/noc(tM

1000
500
0
W1

W2

W3
Tun nui

W4

W5

Hnh 4.12: Bin ng mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT VI trong 5 tun nui

31

Nauplii
Tin trng thnh

2000

Juenile
trng thnh

1500

)tl/noc(tM

1000
500
0
W1

W2

W3
Tun nui

W4

W5

Hnh 4.13: Bin ng mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NTVII trong 5 tun nui

tt c cc NT, mt cy ging ban u l 500 con/L. W2 thnh phn qun

th ch yu l con tin trng thnh c mt trung bnh ca cc NT dao ng
(144-279 con/L) biu th TLS ca Artemia t 38,13-55,82%. S gim mt
nui ny c th do nhiu nguyn nhn nh s phn b khng ng u ca qun
th Artemia hoc mt s c th yu b cht do khng ph hp vi thc n, hoc
mi trng.
W3, W4 phn ln cc NT u c y 4 thnh phn: nauplii (u trng), juvenile
(con non), con tin trng thnh v con trng thnh, v vy mt qun th u
tng ln tt c cc NT, do trong thi gian ny hu ht Artemia ci tham gia sinh
sn, th hin r l s lng Artemia trng thnh ca cc NT vo W3 u tng t
25 con/L (NT VII) n 233 con/L (NT IV), v t 40 con/L (NT VII) n 160
con/L (NT IV) vo W4.
W5, cng nh W3, W4 Nauplii vn l thnh phn chim u th bi hu ht cc
NT mt con trng thnh u cao hn so vi W4 (W4 t 40-160 con/L n W5
l (149-203 con/L). Xem Ph lc 7: Bin ng mt v thnh phn qun th
cc NT qua 5 tun nui.
Thnh phn tin trng thnh, trng thnh nhng thnh phn ch yu to nn
nng sut sinh khi. NT VII mt ca 2 thnh phn ny ln lt 109 con/L, 195
con/L
i vi vic nui Artemia thu sinh khi nu mt qun th Artemia tng th c
th lm tng nng sut ao nui, nhng khi t l ny qu cao th s to ra mt
qun th trong ao tng gp nhiu ln vt qu sc cha ca ao. iu ny gy ra s
cnh tranh thc n, oxy, khng gian sngdn n qun th cht ri rc hoc

32

hng lot v s cn li sinh trng rt chm nh hng rt ln n kh nng phc

hi t nhin ca qun th trong ao nui (Nguyn Th Ngc Anh v Nguyn Vn
Ha, 2004).
Tuy nhin, phng php thu mu sinh hc qun th ch mang tnh c lng, cha
phn nh chnh xc lng sinh khi v thnh phn qun th trong ao nui ngay
thi im thu mu. Tuy nhin, n biu th khuynh hng tng hoc gim v
mt v s bin ng v thnh phn qun th trong ao nui, t chng ta c
th d on c sn lng v iu chnh chu k thu sinh khi thch hp (Baert et
al., 2002).
4.2.5. Nng sut sinh khi
Sau 35 ngy nui v theo di s pht trin ca qun th Artemia, kt qu thu c
khi lng sinh khi Artemia mi NT nh sau:
Bng 4.15: Khi lng sinh khi Artemia sau 5 tun nui
I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

18,46

14,82

14,65

11,32

15,13

14,61

19,1

20

18.46

(g)

Nghim thc
m(g)

19.1
14.82

15

14.65

15.13

14.61

VI

11.32

gnlihk

10
5
0
I

II

III

IV

VII

Nghim thc

Hnh 4.14: Khi lng sinh khi Artemia sau 5 tun nui
Bng 4.15 v Hnh 4.14 cho thy sau 5 tun nui sinh khi NT VII t cao nht
(19,1 g) so vi cc NT khc v thp nht l NT IV ch c (11,32 g) do. Mc d
vo W2 TLS NT III l cao nht 55,82% nhng n W5 th NT ny nauplii c
mt rt cao 1487 con/L cn cc thnh phn juvenile, tin trng thnh, trng
thnh th li thp (ln lt l 5 con/L, 59 con/L, 160 con/L) nhng y l nhng
33

thnh phn ch yu to nn nng sut sinh khi nn ch thu c 14,61 g (theo kt

qu Ph lc 5: Bin ng mt v thnh phn qun th cc NT).
Cc NT VI, II, V, thu c khi lng tng ng nhau ln lt l 14,61 g,
14,82 g, v 15,13 g.
Theo Brands et al., (1995); Nguyn Th Ngc Anh et al., (1997) nng sut sinh
khi trong ao nui rung mui b nh hng bi nhiu yu t nh thc n, mc
nc, mn... Ngoi bin php qun l ao nui tt, phng thc thu hoch cng
l mt trong nhng nhn t nh hng nhiu n nng sut do Artemia c chu k
pht trin ngn. th nghim ny, do Artemia c thu hoch mt ln duy nht
khi kt thc th nghim, do trong mt th tch nh ch c 4 L nc cha cc
thnh phn nauplii, juvenile, tin trng thnh, trng thnh dn n s cnh
tranh v thc n, khng gian sng, qun th gi yu v cht, sinh trng chm,
nng sut sinh khi thp. C th cho rng chu k thu sinh khi cng di th cho
nng sut cng thp.
4.2.6. Sc sinh sn
Bng 4.16: Sc sinh sn trung bnh LC ca Artemia (s phi/con ci).
NT
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII

Sc sinh sn TB
36,8012,11ab
28,076,10a
39,4312,20b
53,2314,94c
67,2030,35d
53,0710,34c
49,9723,88c

(Nhng ch ci theo ct ging nhau biu th s khc bit khng c ngha v khc nhau biu hin s khc
bit c ngha thng k mc p<0,05)

Bng 4.16 cho thy sc sinh sn (Nauplii) trung bnh cao nht NT V - cho n
bng cm go 0,7% men, c ng (67,2030,35 s phi/con ci) k n l NT
IV - cho n bng cm go 0,5% men, c ng (53,2314,94 s phi/con ci) >
NT VI - cho n bng cm go 1% men, c ng l 53,0710,34 s phi/con ci
> NT III - cho n bng cm go 1% men, khng ng (39,4312,20 s
phi/con ci) > NT I - cho n bng cm go 0,5% men, khng ng

34

(36,8012,11 s phi/con ci), thp nht l NT II - cho n bng cm go 0,7%

men, khng ng (28,076,10 s phi/con ci).
Kt qu cng cho thy trong cng mt thi im, NT no c sc sinh sn thp hn
so vi NT khc l do NT ny c t l con v mt qun th cao hoc a s
Artemia ci tham gia sinh sn ln u (Bowen, 1962).
4.2.7. Phng thc sinh sn
Phng thc sinh sn ca Artemia b nh hng bi nhiu yu t kt hp nh di
truyn, thc n, cc iu kin mi trng... v qun th Artemia lun lun c hai
phng thc sinh sn l trng (cyst) v con (nauplii) v ty iu kin
phng thc con hoc trng chim u th (Browne et al., 1984).

)%
(lT

Phi
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
I

II

Cyst

10.35

1.04 1.05

89.65

98.96

III

IV

VI

VII

Nghim thc

Hnh 4.15: T l (%) LC con ci mang ti p Nauplii v cyst

Kt qu c trnh by Hnh 4.15 cho thy phn trm Artemia ci mang phi
(Nauplii) cao hn phn trm Artemia mang trng (cyst) tt c cc NT.Chng hn
nh NTV ch c 1.04% con ci mang cyst trong khi c ti 98.96% con ci
mang phi (Nauplii).
th nghim ny nhit dao ng t 28-31.14oC, theo Nguyn Th Ngc Anh
(2000), khi nui Artemia trong phng th nghim (iu kin nhit n nh) cng
tm thy nhit 30oC s la con cao gp chn ln so vi nui nhit
26oC. Kt qu tng t khi tng nhit t 25oC ln 33oC th s trng gim v s
Nauplii tng (Sanggontanagit, 1993). Mt khc, theo Browne (1980) cho rng,
trong tt c cc dng Artemia th s con chim u th hn s cyst. Ngoi ra,
s mang cyst xut hin mi trng c nhiu to (H Thanh Hng, 1986). Trong

35

th nghim ny thc n cho Artemia ch l cm go men do c th nh

hng ti phng thc sinh sn, tuy nhin cn c s theo di c th c nh gi
chnh xc hn.
4.3. Th nghim nui sinh khi Artemia
khc hc c nhng hn ch trong vic b tr th nghim trong keo, t
trong phng v p ng mc tiu thu sinh khi, mt th nghim ph nui sinh khi
i tr c b tr trong cc x 20 L, mn 80ppt vi mt th l 1500
nauplii/L, ko di trong 14 ngy nui kt qu cho thy NT III c TLS cao nht
87,20% vi mt 1308 con/L t l ny cao hn so vi th nghim 2 (Bng 4.5),
c th do th tch nui ln hn nn cc yu t mi trng t bin ng hn. iu
ny c ngha trong vic nng cao nng sut sinh khi Artemia khi nui Artemia
nhng dng c c th tch ln hn hay ngoi rung mui.
Bng 4.18: Kt qu TLS (%) ca Artemia v khi lng sinh khi (g) ca Artemia
sau 14 ngy nui
NT
Mt (nauplii/L)
Mt sau 14 ngy
TLS (%)
Khi lng (g)

I
1500
278
18,53
19,68

II
1500
626
41,73
25,06

III
1500
1308
87,20
23,81

IV
1500
122
8,13
17,53

V
1500
104
6,93
6,05

VI
1500
404
26,93
20,54

VII
1500
440
29,33
18,89

Do c TLS cao nht 87,20% nn mt NT III rt cao n 1308 con/L dn n

s cnh tranh v thc n, mi trng sng nn Artemia c kch thc rt nh,
cha trng thnh (khng thy hin tng bt cp), v khi lng sinh khi thu
c ch c 23,81g thp hn NT II thu c 25,06g do TLS ca NT II ch c
41,73% (Bng 4.18). NT V c TLS thp nht 6,93% ch thu c 6,05g. th
nghim ny mt ln na cho thy i vi cc NT cm men c ng nui trong
iu kin trong phng khng cho kt qu n nh so vi cm men thng thng
v cng c thm gi thuyt l mi trng ny to s thun li cho vi khun c
hi pht trin.

36

Phn 5
KT LUN V XUT
5.1. KT LUN:
Qua thi gian th nghim, da vo nhng kt qu thu c c th rt ra nhng kt
lun c th nh sau:
C 6 loi cm men u c th s dng lm thc n cho Artemia tuy nhin
hm lng men 0,7- 1 ppm, khng ng nn c chn s dng v cho
t l sng cao nht ph hp nui sinh khi Artemia cc th tch ln.
Cm men khng ng cho t l sng n nh, cao hn nhng cho tng
trng chm hn so vi cm men c ng
Cm men c ng c t l sng bin ng v thp hn tuy nhin li c
tng trng tt hn so vi men thng thng
5.2. XUT:
Cn b tr th nghim lp li nhiu ln hn trong nhng th tch ln hn,
Artemia c khng gian sng rng v cc yu t mi trng t bin ng.
Tin hnh phn tch HL dinh dng (protein, lipid) ca cc loi thc n
chn c loi thc n c dinh dng tt, ng thi b tr vi nhiu HL
ng khc nhau.
Cn kt hp nhiu loi to thc n khc, hoc cc ph phm nng nghip
khc, to nn s phong ph v a dng v cc loi thc n cho Artemia .
Nn lp li th nghim mc c th xc nh nh hung ca cm men
ln cc ch tiu sinh sn ca Artemia.
Tin hnh thay nc thng xuyn ci thin pH ca mi trng nc
nui tng pH.
Nui sinh khi nn thu ta nhiu ln c th n nh c mt Artemia
m bo khng c s cnh tranh trong qun th c c nng sut cao.

37

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Nguyn Vn Ha (2005). Artemia-Nghin cu v ng dng trong
nui trng thy sn
2. Bi c Hi v ctv.,1997. Ha sinh cng nghip. Nh xut bn
KH&KT H Ni.
3. Bi Lai, Nguyn Quc Khang, Nguyn Mnh Hng, L Quang
Long, Mai nh Thin, 1985. C s sinh l sinh thi c. Nh xut
bn Nng nghip.
4. ng Kim Thanh, 2009. Nui sinh khi Artemia trn b lt bt vi
mt cao. Lun vn tt nghip. Trng i hc Cn Th.
5. H Thanh Hng, 1986. Thc nghim nui Artemia trn rung mui
Vnh Chu u ma ma. Lun vn tt nghip. i hc Cn Th
6. http://www.machsong.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&s
id=56
7. http://www.mekongfish.net.vn/uploads/tailieu xuatban/baocao
8. Hunh Thanh Ti, Nguyn Th Hng Vn, Dng Th M Hn v
Nguyn Vn Ha, 2006. nh hng to Chaetoceros sp ln cht
lng Artemia sinh khi. Tp ch khoa hc, s c bit chuyn
thy sn; quyn 1: 62-73.
9. Hunh Thanh Ti. 1996. nh hng mt nui khc nhau n sinh
trng sinh sn ca Artemia franciscana Vnh Chu. Lun vn tt
nghip i hc. Khoa Thy Sn, i Hc Cn Th.
10. K thut nui thc n t nhin-Trn Th Thanh Hin, Trn Ngc
Hi, Nguyn Vn Ha, Trn Sng Ngc, Nguyn Th Thanh Tho.
Khoa Thy Sn
11. Nguyn Ln Dng, 1970. Gi tr dinh dng ca nm men v vic
s dng thc n gia sc hin nay, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K
thut.
12. Nguyn Th Ngc Anh v Nguyn Vn Ha, 2004. nh hng ca
phngthc thu hoch n nng sut sinh khi Artemia rung
mui. Tp ch Khoa hc i Hc Cn Th. Trang 256-267
13. Nguyn Th Nht Thu, 1985. Th nghim nui Artemia trong b.
Lun vn tt nghip. Trng i hc Cn Th.

38

14. Nguyn Vn Ha, (ch bin). 2007. Artemia Nghin cu v ng

dng trong nui trng thy sn, nh xut bn Nng Nghip. 134
trang.
15. Nguyn Vn Ha, Nguyn Th Hng Vn, Nguyn Th Ngc Anh,
Trn Th Thanh Hin, Trn Sng Ngc, Trn Hu L. 2005. Nng
cao hiu qu ca vic nui sinh khi Artemia trn rung mui. Bo
co khoahoc/Artemia hoa.pdf (truy cp ngy 3/05/2009)
16. Nin gim thng k 1997, Nh xut bn thng k, trang 42
17. Phan Th M Tho, 2009. So snh nh hng nng mui ln s
sinh trng, cc ch tiu sinh sn ca hai dng Artemia SFB v
GSL. Lun vn tt nghip. Trng i hc Cn Th.
18. Qun l cht lng nc nui trng thy sn, Ts. Trng Quc Ph,
Ths. Nguyn L Hong Yn, Ks. Hunh Trng Giang.
19. Thch Th L, 2009. nh hng ca cc loi to thc n l n s
sinh trng, tui th v cc chi tiu sinh n
s ca Artemia
Franciscana. Lun vn tt nghip. Trng i hc Cn Th.
20. vietlinh.com.vn/kithuat/tom/su/postts4_Artemia.htm
21. Sorgeloos, P., 1980. The use of brine shrimpArtemia in
Aquaculture. In Artemia Reseach and its Applications, Vol.3,
Proceeding of the Second International Symposium on the brine
shrimp Artemia, P. Sorgeloos, D.A. Bengtson, W. Decleir, E.Jaspers
(Eds.), Universal Press, Wettern, Belgium,25-46.
22. Jumalon, N.A.; Bombeo, R.F and Estenor, D.C., 1982. Pond
production and use of the brine shrimp (Artemia) in the Philippines.
SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines.
61 p.
23. www.khoahocthuysan.com.vn

39

PH LC
Ph lc 1: Th tch thc n (ml) sau 24h
V sau 24h(ml)
Khng ng

C ng

1
2
3
1
2
3

I
23
20
20
20
22
25

II
20
23
22
24
25
20

III
20
23
23
24
25
23

Khng ng

IV
23
24
22
23
24
25

V
22
23
24
25
22
24

VI
24
23
21
23
23
24

VII
23
22
21

C ng

30
25
20

h42uas)lm
(V

15
10
5
0
0.5

0.7

1
1.2
1.5
Hm lng men (ppm)

Hnh 4.1: Th tch (ml) ca cm men sau 24h

Ph lc 2: Hiu qu s dng ca cm
Hiu qu s dng (%)
1
Khng ng
2
3
1
C ng
2
3

I
79,61
74,42
77,25
76,82
78,36
77,51

II
76,16
77,66
78,68
78,95
81,64
81,62

III
85,85
80,28
80,09
80,40
80,76
83,02

40

IV
80,32
78,35
80,70
79,32
81,50
79,98

V
77,12
80,69
80,43
81,62
83,16
84,38

VI
75,77
78,62
79,56
83,89
84,26
82,31

VII
73,79
77,13
77,19

Khng ng

90

C ng

85

)%
(

80
75
70
65
0.5

0.7

1.2

1.5

Hm lng men (ppm)

Hnh 4.2: Hiu qu s dng (%) ca cm men

Ph lc 3: Nhit (oC)
Tun

W1

W2

W3

W4

Ngy
16/04/2009
17/04/2009
18/04/2009
19/04/2009
20/04/2009
21/04/2009
22/04/2009
23/04/2009
24/04/2009
25/04/2009
26/04/2009
27/04/2009
28/04/2009
29/04/2009
30/04/2009
01/05/2009
02/05/2009
03/05/2009
04/05/2009
05/05/2009
06/05/2009
07/05/2009
08/05/2009

toC (Sng)
28
30
30
31
30
29
30
29
30
30
30
29
31
29
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28

41

toC (Chiu)
29
30,5
32
31
31
31
28
30
31
32
32
30
32
31
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28

W5

09/05/2009
10/05/2009
11/05/2009
12/05/2009
13/05/2009
14/05/2009
15/05/2009
16/05/2009
17/05/2009
18/05/2009
19/05/2009
20/05/2009

28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28

28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
Chiu

Sng
35.00

31.14
30.00

30.36
29.71

29.71

)C
o(
tih
N

28.00

28.00

28.00

25.00
W1

W2

W3
Tun nui

W4

W5

Hnh 4.3: Bin ng nhit trung bnh trong 5 tun nui

Ph lc 4: pH

Ngy

Bui Ln
1
S
2
3
4/16/2009
1
C
2
3
4/17/2009
1
S
2
3

I
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3

II
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3

42

III
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3

IV
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3

V
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3

VI
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3

VII
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,3

S
4/18/2009
C

S
4/19/2009
C

S
4/20/2009
C

S
4/21/2009
C

S
4/22/2009
C

S
4/23/2009
C

S
4/24/2009
C

1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3

7,3
7,3
7,3
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,3
7,3
7,2
7,3
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,1
7,0
7,2
7,3
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1

7,3
7,3
7,3
7,2
7,1
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,0
6,9
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,0
6,9
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,1
7,1
6,9
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
6,9
7,0
7,0
6,9
7,0
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,0

43

7,3
7,3
7,3
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,3
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,3
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1

7,3
7,3
7,3
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,0
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,1
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1

7,3
7,3
7,3
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,2
7,3
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,2
7,1
7,2
7,1
7,0
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,3
7,2
7,1
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,1
7,1
7,2
7,3
7,1
7,1
7,1

7,3
7,3
7,3
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,3
7,3
7,3
7,2
7,2
7,2

7,3
7,3
7,3
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,2
7,1
7,2
7,3
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,2
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1

1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3

S
4/25/2009
C

S
4/26/2009
C

S
4/27/2009
C

S
4/28/2009
C

S
4/29/2009
C

7,2
7,3
7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,7
6,8
6,8
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,8
6,8
6,8
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,0

7,1
7,0
7,1
7,1
6,9
7,1
6,8
6,7
6,8
6,7
6,7
6,8
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,8
6,8
6,8
7,0
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,1
6,9
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,0

7,3
7,3
7,3
7,1
7,1
7,1
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,7
6,7
6,8
6,8
6,7
6,8
6,7
6,7
6,7
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,0

7,2
7,3
7,3
7,1
7,1
7,1
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,8
6,8
6,8
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,8
6,8
6,8
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,0

7,3
7,3
7,3
6,9
7,1
7,1
6,8
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,9
7,0
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,9
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,0
6,9
7,1
7,1
6,9
7,0
7,0

Chiu

Sng

7.18

7,2
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
6,9
7,0
7,0
6,8
6,8
6,8
7,0
7,0
7,0
6,9
6,9
6,9
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,0
7,1
7,1
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,0

7.16
7.11

7.10

trungbnhpH

7.08
7.03

7.03

6.95
I

II

III

IV

VI

Nghim thc

Hnh 4.4: Bin ng pH sng chiu

44

VII

7,4
7,4
7,4
7,1
7,2
7,0
7,1
7,0
7,0
6,9
6,9
6,9
7,0
7,0
6,9
6,9
6,9
6,9
7,2
7,0
7,0
7,1
7,0
7,0
7,1
7,2
7,0
7,0
7,1
7,0

Ph lc 5: T l sng
Mt Artemia (con/L) ca cc NT vo ngy 8 v ngy 14
Ngy nui

Ln
1
2
3
1
2
3

Ngy 8

Ngy 14

I
229
216
237
200
201
195

II
269
327
280
247
284
260

III
267
323
307
251
304
283

IV
279
277
261
253
188
256

V
243
248
173
173
212
187

VI
224
195
213
211
179
189

VII
347
180
333
328
160
320

IV
55,73
55,47
52,27
50,67
37,60
51,20

V
48,53
49,60
34,67
34,67
42,40
37,33

VI
44,80
38,93
42,67
42,13
35,73
37,87

VII
69,33
36,00
66,67
65,60
32,00
64,00

T l sng (%) ca Artemia vo ngy 8 v ngy 14

Ngy nui

Ln
1
2
3
1
2
3

Ngy 8

Ngy 14

I
45,87
43,20
47,47
40,00
40,27
38,93

II
53,87
65,33
56,00
49,33
56,80
52,00

III
53,33
64,53
61,33
50,13
60,80
56,53

Ngy 8

Ngy 14

100
80
55.82

60

38.13

)%
(gnslT

40
20
0
I

II

III
IV
V
Nghim thc

VI

VII

Hnh 4.5: T l sng trung bnh ca Artemia sau 7 v 14 ngy nui

45

Ph lc 6: Chiu di (mm) ca Artemia sau cc ngy nui

Ngy th 8
Stt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

I
3,50
4,75
2,00
3,38
2,88
4,25
3,75
3,00
5,00
4,75
4,25
4,88
4,38
4,25
5,75
6,00
3,13
5,38
4,75
4,50
3,75
3,50
4,63
5,13
4,25
4,38
3,25
5,00
4,38
4,00

II
3,25
6,25
4,13
4,38
5,25
3,63
3,38
4,38
4,88
5,00
4,00
4,38
4,25
3,50
4,38
3,13
4,25
4,38
4,38
2,50
4,00
3,13
3,75
3,75
4,75
4,13
4,25
3,13
4,00
2,88

III
4,13
5,63
5,00
4,63
4,50
4,13
4,38
3,75
3,00
4,25
4,13
4,38
4,13
3,13
3,25
3,88
4,63
3,13
5,25
4,38
5,00
3,00
3,50
3,63
3,00
2,25
4,00
5,00
3,25
4,25

IV
4,25
5,38
4,13
4,50
5,00
5,13
5,25
3,88
5,00
4,13
4,25
3,75
4,63
5,50
5,00
4,38
5,25
4,63
4,00
4,00
4,38
4,00
4,13
5,13
4,38
5,63
3,75
5,25
3,13
4,50

46

V
5,88
4,25
7,00
7,13
3,38
4,63
5,00
4,13
3,00
7,13
3,63
3,38
3,25
5,00
6,25
3,75
5,00
3,13
3,50
4,00
7,00
5,25
5,75
5,88
5,75
4,25
6,25
5,88
7,38
5,50

VI
4,25
4,50
4,38
4,38
3,88
2,88
3,50
4,25
4,38
4,88
4,75
4,13
4,13
3,38
5,00
5,25
4,13
4,63
4,50
3,00
4,38
5,63
5,38
4,75
4,63
2,88
4,13
5,50
5,75
6,13

VII
3,13
3,25
3,75
5,50
2,63
2,75
4,38
4,00
3,88
3,38
3,88
4,13
3,50
4,13
3,50
4,00
4,63
4,25
4,38
3,63
3,63
4,13
5,00
4,50
2,75
4,25
4,63
2,88
3,13
3,75

Ngy th 11
Stt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

I
5,63
4,38
4,63
4,75
5,88
6,75
6,75
6,00
6,50
5,88
6,00
6,00
6,50
6,88
5,63
6,38
7,25
5,00
7,75
5,75
6,88
5,38
4,50
5,00
5,25
5,63
5,88
5,50
5,88
5,25

II
7,63
6,25
5,38
5,25
4,50
6,50
5,50
5,38
7,13
4,50
6,50
6,38
6,63
3,50
5,25
5,00
6,38
7,13
3,88
4,75
6,88
5,25
5,88
6,25
5,63
6,25
7,50
5,88
6,00
5,38

III
5,38
5,13
7,13
5,13
7,75
6,75
4,25
5,50
4,13
5,38
5,63
6,13
3,50
4,88
6,00
5,00
6,00
4,38
5,13
8,13
6,63
5,75
6,25
6,25
6,13
6,25
7,50
6,25
5,88
5,63

IV
7,00
5,25
6,13
7,88
7,00
5,38
6,25
6,88
5,75
6,88
7,25
5,88
5,25
4,38
6,25
7,75
6,88
5,63
6,25
5,50
5,25
5,50
5,00
6,38
6,63
4,63
5,75
5,63
6,50
3,88

47

V
7,75
7,00
7,50
6,63
6,75
5,63
5,50
5,63
7,88
6,13
5,75
7,75
6,88
5,50
6,88
7,50
6,13
6,00
5,88
5,38
8,00
7,50
7,00
6,25
7,50
7,13
8,00
6,63
7,00
5,00

VI
4,88
5,00
6,38
6,13
5,75
6,13
4,63
5,75
4,88
5,50
6,00
7,25
5,00
5,25
6,00
7,00
7,13
7,88
5,38
8,38
6,13
3,50
6,63
5,38
5,50
6,00
7,25
5,75
6,13
7,63

VII
5,50
3,75
4,88
5,63
5,00
5,00
6,25
3,75
3,25
4,88
7,88
6,50
4,50
5,00
6,88
7,63
7,00
6,50
6,50
6,25
4,50
5,25
5,75
3,13
4,63
2,50
5,50
5,88
2,88
5,00

Ngy th 14
Stt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

I
5,88
5,25
5,50
5,88
5,75
4,88
6,13
7,25
6,75
5,50
5,75
8,00
5,75
5,63
6,38
7,13
5,75
6,38
6,63
5,88
5,75
5,00
6,25
5,63
6,00
5,75
7,25
4,75
5,38
5,88

II
6,38
5,63
6,63
6,25
7,75
6,75
6,63
5,63
6,88
5,63
5,75
5,25
6,00
5,38
6,13
5,63
5,25
5,13
5,50
6,13
5,75
6,88
5,38
6,63
6,50
5,25
5,88
5,13
5,38
6,00

III
6,25
6,38
6,50
6,00
5,75
6,00
6,63
4,25
7,75
7,00
8,13
5,25
6,63
5,50
5,75
5,63
5,50
4,25
5,00
6,13
5,50
7,25
5,25
6,25
5,50
5,63
5,38
5,50
5,88
6,25

IV
5,13
5,75
7,63
5,75
5,00
6,50
7,38
5,13
5,63
6,25
5,38
6,38
5,75
5,75
7,88
7,13
6,50
6,38
6,50
5,75
5,63
6,38
5,63
6,50
5,50
5,00
5,88
5,63
5,00
7,25

48

V
5,63
6,13
6,00
6,00
6,25
7,50
6,25
7,00
7,88
6,63
6,00
6,88
7,00
5,88
6,88
6,50
6,38
5,75
6,00
6,00
6,88
5,25
7,75
7,25
7,13
8,25
6,75
7,13
8,13
7,50

VI
5,63
4,88
5,75
6,63
4,50
5,13
4,25
7,38
7,13
6,13
6,13
7,38
7,38
6,38
5,75
7,00
5,88
4,75
5,38
6,38
5,00
6,50
6,88
6,50
6,38
5,00
6,00
6,63
6,63
5,25

VII
4,88
5,00
5,38
5,75
4,88
4,63
4,75
3,88
4,50
5,88
7,75
6,50
6,38
6,00
6,75
5,50
6,50
8,00
6,38
7,25
4,88
4,00
5,00
4,00
5,63
7,13
6,13
3,88
6,88
5,88

)m
(iduihC

NT I
NT IV
NT VII

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

NT II
NT V

NT III
NT VI

6.67

6.69
5.67

5.25

5.04
3.84

Ngy 7

Ngy 11

Ngy 14

Ngy nui

Hnh 4.6: Trung bnh chiu di Artemia (mm) LC qua cc ngy nui
Ph lc 7: Bin ng mt v thnh phn qun th cc NT qua 5 tun
nui
Bng 4.8: Mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT I trong 5 tun nui

Mt con/L
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5

N
500
0
249
262
627

J
0
0
0
47
44

P-Ad
0
199
172
89
100

Ad
0
0
128
137
197

Tng
500
199
549
535
968

Bng 4.9: Mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT II trong 5 tun nui

Mt con/L
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5

N
500
0
500
474
1069

J
0
0
27
55
47

49

P-Ad
0
264
139
79
48

Ad
0
0
99
145
171

Tng
500
264
764
753
1334

Bng 4.10: Mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT III trong 5 tun nui

Mt con/L
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5

N
500
0
324
353
1487

J
0
0
0
17
5

P-Ad
0
279
155
104
59

Ad
0
0
157
148
160

Tng
500
279
636
622
1711

Bng 4.11: Mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT IV trong 5 tun nui

Mt con/L
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5

N
500
0
851
630
1465

J
0
0
7
5
5

P-Ad
0
232
91
53
17

Ad
0
0
233
160
189

Tng
500
232
1181
849
1677

Bng 1.12 : Mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT V trong 5 tun nu i

Mt con/L
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5

N
500
0
100
821
183

J
0
0
0
8
0

P-Ad
0
144
84
184
96

Ad
0
0
156
84
149

Tng
500
144
340
1097
428

Bng 4.13: Mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT VI trong 5 tun nui

Mt con/L
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5

N
500
0
139
303
1477

J
0
0
1
3
1

50

P-Ad
0
193
66
87
12

Ad
0
0
119
100
203

Tng
500
193
324
492
1693

Bng 4.14: Mt (con/L) v thnh phn qun th Artemia NT VII trong 5 tun nui

Mt con/L
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5

N
500
0
671
187
212

J
0
0
189,33
104
17

51

P-Ad
0
239
159
103
109

Ad
0
0
25
40
195

Tng
500
239
1044
433
533

Ph lc 8: Sc sinh sn ca Artemia (s phi/con ci).

NT

II

III

IV

VI

VII

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

39
44
28
31
43
33
18
35
35
36
34
33
37
35
66
52
48
39
76
20
27
33
38
25
36
20
37
42
34
30

26
34
35
27
32
31
28
29
27
30
39
27
21
45
20
36
28
23
34
28
17
22
23
25
18
26
30
27
29
25

21
59
41
65
39
40
38
39
41
37
52
58
37
36
49
38
40
39
35
43
38
42
20
21
32
54
43
30
17
39

23
56
96
39
88
50
56
53
49
57
47
70
80
50
49
56
50
52
61
45
46
41
38
32
48
45
61
53
55
51

56
48
50
42
41
66
68
56
77
67
76
49
46
59
37
69
65
67
45
89
80
171
164
60
33
63
71
67
65
69

75
70
51
56
44
52
54
45
61
53
52
49
51
59
63
78
53
46
60
53
45
35
31
48
43
45
61
46
60
53

28
53
26
31
37
27
45
55
50
51
95
113
92
70
103
49
48
52
46
54
34
17
24
27
22
50
51
49
48
52

52

Ph lc 9: S Artemia ci mang phi, cyst

NT
Ln 1
Ln 2
Ln 3

I
II
III
Phi Cyst Phi Cyst Phi Cyst
304 13 362 19 249 29
241
8 250 16 168 22
277 24 231 23 302 32

IV
Phi Cyst
39 1
162 3
283 35

V
Phi Cyst
197 0
231 6
142 0

VI
Phi Cyst
109 0
182 0
276 6

VII
Phi Cyst
259 10
178 9
296 15

Bng 4.17: T l (%) LC con ci mang ti p Nauplii v cyst

Nghim thc
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII

Phi
94,81
93,56
89,65
92,54
98,96
98,95
95,57

Cyst
5,19
6,44
10,35
7,46
1,04
1,05
4,43

Ph lc 10: Phng php x l nc trc khi s dng

Nc pha long xung mn 80%o sau x l bng chlorine vi nng 30
ppm, khuy u v trong vng 1 gi chlorine c th dit ht cc vi sinh vt
hin din trong nc (nng chlorine khng b tht thot trong qu trnh ). Sau
1h , tin hnh sc kh lin tc 2 ngy lng chlorine tn d b loi ra khi
ngun nc x l.
Kim tra mc tn d ca chlorine bng thuc th chlorine (ly 5 ml nc x
l+mt git thuc th chlorine) trc khi s dng nu khng thy mu vng xut
hin th mc tn d bng 0 v nc c th s dng cho vic b tr th nghim,
cn nu sau khi kim tra nc x l vn cn hin din ca hm lng chlorine th
tin hnh trung ho bng Na2S2O3. Sau khi trung ho, kim tra li mt ln na
mc tn d ca chlorine, nu vn cn th tin hnh trung ho tip cho n khi
tn d bin mt th nc mi c th s dng c.
Ph lc 11: Phng php p trng
Tnh s lng trng cho n:
Ty mt th m s lng trng c tnh theo cng thc sau:

53

S gram trng cho n (g/m3) =

D (S * De)
* 1000
300.000

D: mt nui (c th/L)
S: din tch nui (m2)
De: chiu cao ct nc (m)
300000: s u trng n t 1g trng kh
Artemia c cho n trong chai nha (1,5 L) hnh phu nhng ch cha 0,8
L nc.
Cung cp nh sng bng n neon lin tc trong sut qu trnh p trng.
Nhit : p nhit phng (28300C)
mn: 33%o
Sc kh bng que sc kh v lin tc.
Sau 18-20 gi, quan st thy trng n th tin hnh th ging. Lc ny,
a s u trng gia on Instar I (kh nng thch ng cao vi nhng bin
i ca mi trng) rt thun li trong vic cy th (Nguyn Vn Ha,
2007).
Thu Nauplii: ngng st kh khong 5pht, cho v trng ni ln mt, dng
ng t su di y chai v siphon Nauplii ra chun b b tr th nghim.

54