Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP Ni dung: Tm hiu v cng ngh truyn hnh tng tc IPTV

Ni thc tp : Trung tm CNTT-CDIT Ngi hng dn : Nguy n Th nh N m Sinh vin: Phm Hng Sn H Ni, 6/ 2012

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

TRUNG TM CNG NGH THNG TIN PHNG .

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c lp-T do-Hanh phc

NH GI KT QU THC TP TT NGHIP (Thi gi n thc tp: T ng y /../2012 n ng y /../2012 ) H v tn sinh vin : Phm Hng Sn Lp : D08HTTT2 NI DUNG NH GI 1. Chp h nh k lut: (Tt, Kh, Trung bnh, hoc Yu) 2. thc hc tp: (Tt, Kh, Trung bnh, hoc Yu) 3. Qu n h, gi o tip: (Tt, Kh, Trung bnh, hoc Yu) 4. im (Th ng im 10) Cc kin khc (nu c): Ng y thng nm 2012 Gio vin hng dn thc tp (K v ghi r h tn)

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

LI CM N
Em xin chn th nh cm n Kho CDIT, Hc vin Cng Ngh Bu chnh Vi n thng to iu thun li cho em thc hin t i n y. Em xin chn th nh cm n thy gio Nguy n Th nh N m tn tnh gip , hng dn ch dy em trong thi gi n em thc hin t i n y. Mc d c gng ho n th nh t i nhng kh nng v kin thc cn hn ch nn khng trnh khi nhng thiu xt .Mong nhn c s tn tnh ch bo c qu thy c v cc bn. H ni, ng y 30 thng 07 nm 2012 Sinh vin thc hin t i Phm Hng Sn

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

PHN A: GII THIU N V THC TP I. Chc nng Trung tm Cng ngh Thng tin CDIT c nhim v: nghin cu, pht trin, trin khai sn phm, chuyn giao cng ngh v o to trong lnh vc Cng ngh Thng tin phc v Ng nh Bu chnh Vi n thng v x hi. II. T chc M hnh t chc
B n Gim c ng cng o n, o n thanh nin

Phng tng hp

Phng k hochti chnh

Phng nghin cu Pht trin mng v h thng

Phng Nghin cu Pht trin Dch v BCVT

Phng Nghin cu Pht trin ng dng Vi n Thng

III. Cc lnh vc hot ng Trung tm Cng ngh Thng tin hot ng trn nm lnh vc chnh: 1. Nghin cu khoa hc cng ngh; 2. Pht trin, trin khai cng ngh v sn phm; 3. Sn xut phn mm v thit b; 4. Tip nhn v chuyn giao cng ngh; 5. o to v bi dng nhn lc.

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

PHN B: NI DUNG THC TP I. Gii thiu chung v ti 1. Tn ch thc tp: Tm hiu v cng ngh truyn hnh tng tc IPTV 2. Ni dung Trong nhng nm gn y, mng li Internet to n cu pht trin v cng mnh m v tr nn rt ph bin v thng dng. iu n y nh hng rt ln n cc phng thc tip cn thng tin c con ngi, trong c c truyn hnh. Theo truyn thng, cc m hnh truyn hnh pht theo kiu qung b bc l nhng nhc im c n m qu n trng nht l tnh tng tc 2 chiu gi nh cung cp dch v truyn hnh v ngi xem rt hn ch. Theo m hnh n y, ni dung c chng trnh ho n to n do cc nh cung cp dch v n nh cho ngi xem. ng thi n c ng gy r nhng kh khn i vi ngi xem nh vn thi gi n, im Vi s pht trin vt bc c kho hc k thut, cc cng ngh truyn hnh v cc dch v truyn hnh c s th y i mnh m . Trong phi k n cc dch v truyn hnh v tinh, s tng trng c dch v truyn hnh cp s v c bit l s r i c truyn hnh n t c o (HDTV) li du n qu n trng trong truyn hnh. Truyn hnh gi o thc Internet (IPTV) ng l cng ngh truyn hnh rt mi v c tim nng kh i thc rt ln. Cng ngh truyn hnh n y c kh nng tng tc c o gi ngi xem v nh cung cp dch v truyn hnh. IPTV thng c cung cp k m vi dch v video theo yu cu v c th c gp chung vi cc dch v Internet nh VoIP, truy cp web,.. Ti Vit N m, hin n y c rt nhiu nh kh i thc dch v vi n thng ln ng cnh tr nh nh m cung cp cho ngi s dng cc dch v Internet bng thng rng vi cht lng c o, gi r . H c ng nhn r xu hng pht trin c truyn hnh trc tuyn v video theo yu cu, v ng c nhng bc i mnh m chim ly th trng v cng tim nng n y. l cc dch v MyTV c VNPT,OneTV c FPT, cc dch v IPTV ti cc phng c VTC v gn y nht l NetTV c Viettel.

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

Do kin thc c nhn cn hn h p v ph hp vi khun kh c 1 b i bo co thc tp, b i bo co n y em xin trnh b y nhng hiu bit c mnh mt cch tng qu n v IPTV. Chi tit cc chng b o gm: Chng 1: Gii thiu chung v IPTV Chng 2: Cc dch v c IPTV Chng 3: Mt s cng ngh IPTV Chng 4: Kt lun 3. Mc tiu Kt qu cn t Trong thi gi n thc tp tt nghip, r n luyn tnh t gic,r n luyn thc trong cng vic,thng xuyn n luyn kin thc hc, cp nht cc thng tin mi, vn dng kin thc hc v o thc t. Hiu tng qu n v cng ngh truyn hnh tng tc IPTV, cc dch v IPTV c cung cp ti Vit N m qu mt s nh cung cp dch v v nm c cc cng ngh c p dng trong IPTV.

II. GII THIU V IPTV 1. Khi nim IPTV IPTV l vit tt c t Internet Protocol Television, tm dch l Truyn hnh qu gi o thc Internet. IPTV c nh ngh chnh thc theo ITU-T FG IPTV nh s u: IPTV c nh ngh l cc dch v phng tin nh truyn hnh nh, ting ni, vn bn, d liu c phn phi qu mng d trn IP (Internet protocol) m c qun l cung cp cc cp cht lng dch v, bo mt, tnh tng tc, tnh tin cy theo yu cu C th hiu mt cch n gin, IPTV l truyn hnh nhng th y v s dng phng thc qung b v cp truyn thng th li c pht hnh n ngi xem thng qu cc cng ngh s dng cho mng Internet. IPTV c 2 c im c bn l : d trn nn cng ngh IP v phc v theo yu cu.

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

H thng IPTV cung cp cho ngi s dng mt lot cc dch v nh cc ni dung truyn hnh qung b thng thng, video theo yu cu (VoD Video on Demand), ni dung l chn ring c thu b o v c ng c th tch hp cng vi cch dch v Internet nh VoIP h y truy cp Internet. Ni dung truyn hnh c pht thng qu kt ni IP bo mt s dng cc set-top box d trn cng ngh IP chun (i vi cc thu b o s dng TV) hoc thng qu ng cp mng s dng cng RJ45 (vi cc thu b o s dng my tnh c nhn, l ptop). IPTV l mt dch v s c kh nng cung cp nhng tnh nng vt tri hn kh nng c bt k c ch phn phi truyn hnh n o khc. V d, set-top box IPTV c th thng qu phn mm cho ph p xem ng thi 4 chng trnh truyn hnh trn m n hin th, h y c th nhn tin nhn sms, e-m il, 2. L ch s Nm 1994, World c ABC c bui trnh chiu truyn hnh qung b qu mng Internet u tin, s dng phn mm CU-SeeMe videoconferencing. T chc lin qu n n IPTV u tin xut hin l v o nm 1995, vi s th nh lp Precept Softw re bi Judith Estrin v Bill C rrico. H thit k v xy dng mt sn phm internet video gi l "IP/TV". IP/TV l mt MBONE tng thch vi cc ng dng trn Windows v Unix, thc hin truyn m th nh, hnh nh thng qu c gi o thc unic st v IP multic st RTP/RTCP. Phn mm n y c vit bi Steve C sner, K rl Auerb ch, v Ch Chee Ku n. H thng n y c Cisco Systems mu v o nm 1998 v Cisco gi li tn "IP/TV". AudioNet bt u tin h nh nghin cu live webc sts vi WFAA-TV trong thng nm 1998, v KCTU-LP v o mng 10 thng 1 nm 1998. Kingston Communic tions, mt nh cung cp dch v vi n thng UK, trin kh i KIT (Kingston Inter ctive Television), v IPTV qu mng bng rng DSL v o thng 9 nm 1999 s u khi th nghim dch v TV v VoD. Nh cung cp n y thm dch v VoD v o h thng trong thng 10 nm 2001 vi h thng Yes TV. Kingston l mt trong nhng cng ty u tin trn th gii trin kh i IPTV v IP VoD qu mng ADSL. 3. Mt s c im c IPTV

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

H tr truyn hnh tng tc - Cc kh nng hot ng h i chiu c h thng IPTV cho ph p nh cung cp dch v r mt s lng ln cc ng dng truyn hnh tng tc. Cc loi hnh dch v c phn phi qu dch v IPTV c th b o gm truyn hnh trc tip tiu chun, truyn hnh trung thc c o (HDTV), cc tr chi trc tuyn, v kt ni Internet tc c o. Khng ph thuc thi gi n - IPTV khi kt hp vi my thu video s cho ph p to chng trnh ni dung khng ph thuc thi gi n b ng c ch ghi v lu li ni dung IPTV v s u c th xem li. Tng tnh c nhn - H thng IPTV t u cui-n-u cui h tr thng tin h i chiu v cho ph p cc i tng s dng l chn v thit lp vic xem TV theo s thch ring nh chng trnh v thi gi n xem thch. Yu cu v bng thng thp - Th y v phi truyn ti tt c cc knh cho mi i tng s dng, cng ngh IPTV cho ph p cc nh cung cp dch v ch cn phi pht cc knh m i tng s dng yu cu. Tnh nng hp dn n y cho ph p nh kh i thc mng tit kim bng thng. Kh nng truy nhp trn nhiu loi thit b - Vic xem ni dung IPTV khng b gii hn l dng cho cc my thu hnh. Cc khc h ng thng s dng my tnh c nhn v cc thit b di ng truy cp ti cc dch v IPTV. IPTV thng c xem l cng ngh TriplePl y (d liu, m th nh v hnh nh). Nhng trong mt mi trng m thch thc nhn ln theo cp s m v cng ngh phi lin tc c cp nht, b b dch v ni trn chuyn th nh b t khi c thm xem truyn hnh Internet qu in thoi di ng (MobileTV). Kh nng c IPTV m ng n nhng ni dung k thut s cht lng c o nh video theo yu cu (Video-on-Demand- VoD), hi tho, truyn hnh tng tc/trc tip, g me, gio dc t x , tin nhn nh nh qu TV, v.v... 4. o snh s khc it gi IPTV v Analog TV - C s h tng khc nhau: IPTV s dng mng ring bo mt c tng nh cung cp dch v truyn ti ni dung video thng qu mng s dng gi o thc IP, cn An log TV truyn ti ni dung video thng qu sng v tuyn qung b.

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

- Gii hn a l: IPTV c tng nh cung cp b gii hn trong nhng vng l xc nh. Cn An log TV th vng gii hn l rng hn rt nhiu (to n quc). - C cu truy cp: Mun truy cp, gii m v xem cc ni dung c IPTV, ngi dng cn 1 b set-top box c nh cung cp cng vi 1 ng truyn Internet v TV cn vi An log TV, ngi dng ch cn 1 chic TV vi ng-ten thu tn hiu l c th xem An log TV. - Gi thnh: s dng cc dch v c IPTV, ngi dng cn tr mt khon ph c nh h ng thng v ty theo nhu cu s dng cc dch v tr tin khc. Cn vi An log TV l ho n to n mi n ph. 5. M hnh c u tr c c IPTV ITU-T m t m hnh chun dch v IPTV nh trong hnh 5.1. Trong , v i tr c bn th nh phn chnh l : * Nh cung cp ni dung: s hu hoc c cp ph p bn ni dung h y quyn s hu ni dung * Nh cung cp dch v: cung cp dch v IPTV ti ngi s dng. Nh cung cp dch v d trn QoS trong cc mng c nh cung cp mng m bo QoE cc dch v IPTV. * Nh cung cp mng: cung cp cc dch v mng cho c ngi s dng v nh cung cp dch v. Nh cung cp mng cn c m kt khng ch vi nh cung cp dch v cn vi c ngi s dng v cc th m s mng. * Ngi s dng: s dng v tr tin cho cc dch v IPTV.

* Ref: ITU TSB IPTV Consultation meeting (Doc. Iptv018e and 20e)

Hnh 1: M hnh cu trc chun IPTV

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

M hnh ho n to n n gin nhng nh ngh n gin n y gip chng t phn bit hn n cc dch v IPTV khi xem x t tng v i tr. Trn thc t, cc mng video IP l nhng h thng kh phc tp c cu th nh t rt nhiu phn t , l mt trong nhng l do m chng kh thit k v pht trin. V bn cht cc mng video IP c cc nh kh i thc vi n thng l kh phn b hn so vi cc nh cung cp mng video cp, thng tp trung nhiu chc nng ti trung tm chnh. Hnh 1.3 minh h mt cu trc mng IPTV tiu biu trn thc t. C th thy, trn mng mng thc t, truyn ti dch v IPTV t u cui-ti-u cui cn c s th m gi c nhiu phn t mng h ng lot cng ngh. Trong cc phn tip theo, chng t s tp trung v o cc cng ngh s dng trong lp h tng dch v IPTV, b o gm cc h thng ngun video IP, cc my ch VoD, cc phn mm trung gi n (middlleware), cc set-top box v phn mm bo mt/qun l bn quyn l c trng i vi dch v IPTV v mt s gi o thc mng lin qu n n qu trnh truyn ti ni dung IPTV. III. CC DCH V C A IPTV 3 D ch v qung 3.1.1. Truyn hnh qung b (Broadcast TV) Bro dc st TV tng t nh dch v truyn hnh truyn thng (An log TV), tuy nhin vi s lng knh l rt ln, c th ln n gn 100 knh b o . Ngoi cc knh truyn hnh theo chun SD (St nd rd Definition) thng thng, cc nh cung cp IPTV cn cung cp cc knh truyn hnh c cht lng hnh nh v m th nh theo chun HD (High Definition). Cc ni dung truyn hnh c pht theo lch trnh v thi gi n c nh nh truyn hnh truyn thng. Nhng vi cng ngh IPTV, ngi dng khng ch xem mt cch th ng m c th s dng nhng tnh nng u vit: tm dng, lu tr, hng dn chng trnh in t , kh chng trnh d nh cho tr em. 3.1.2. Knh m thanh (Audio Channel) L dch v nghe sng pht th nh theo yu cu. Vi mt d nh sch nh sn c trong h thng cc chng trnh pht th nh c pht trc tip theo

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

chuyn c th nh m nhc, chnh tr, kinh t, x hi... Ngi dng c th l chn v nghe cc chng trnh pht th nh trong nc, quc t. D ch v theo yu cu 3.2.1. Dch v Video theo yu cu (VoD) Dch v n y cho ph p ngi l chn v xem phim lu li trn server. Kho d liu phim c hu ht cc nh cung cp dch v ln n hng nghn b phim c ph vi rt nhiu th loi, p ng chun SD v ng y c ng c nhiu b phim vi cht lng t chun HD c cp nht. 3.2.2. Dch v m nhc theo yu cu (MoD) Dch v n y cho ph p ngi s dng l chn v nghe, xem cc clip, video clip c nhc t th vin c nh cung cp. C 2 loi nhc: Khng c hnh nh (hu ht l nh dng MP3) v c hnh nh (vi mt s nh dng nh MP4, FLV,) 3.2.3. Dch v TV theo yu cu (TVoD) Dch v n y cho ph p ngi dng l chn v xem li cc chng trnh pht trc . Vi dch v Truyn hnh theo yu cu, ngi dng khng phi ph thuc v o thi gi n pht sng c cc i truyn hnh v khng b o gi b l bt c mt chng trnh truyn hnh yu thch no. Thi gi n lu tr cc chng trnh c th t th y i linh ng theo nhu cu thc t. H thng s h tr c 2 cch thc l lu tr theo thi gi n v lu tr theo chng trnh c chn n o . 3.2.4. Karaoke (KoD) Dch v n y cung cp cho ngi dng d nh sch nhng b i ht c chung trong nc v quc t. Li b i ht xut hin di dng text trn m n hnh TV. B i ht s u khi ngi dng ht xong c th thu li, lu tr hoc chi s vi bn b , ngi thn qu cc chc nng Medi Sh ring. K r oke l mt dch v c bit hp dn. 3.2.5. Hng dn chng trnh in t (Electronic Progr m Guide, EPG) Mt hng dn cung cp cho ngi s dng cc thng tin v cc chng trnh IPTV ng v sp pht. C th ni mt EPG l phng thc ngi s dng tm kim cc ni dung c nh cung cp. 3

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

D ch v tng tc 3.3.1. Thng tin cn bit (T-Information) Dch v Thng tin cn bit cung cp cho ngi dng cc thng tin hu ch h ng ng y nh: Kt qu x s; D bo thi tit; Gi c th trng; Phng tin i li; Du lch gii tr Hin ti, dch v cung cp thng tin theo cc chuyn mc c th nh sau: - Thng tin th trng: Cung cp cc thng tin c cp nht thng xuyn, lin tc v s n gi o dch chng khon; Mu bn nh t; Gi v ng, ngoi t; Kt qu x s. - Phng tin i li: Cung cp thng tin v lch t u, lch b y, thng tin chi tit v cc tuyn xe but; ch, in thoi c cc hng t xi, h ng khng, cc i l bn v t u, v b y trn khp cc tnh th nh c nc - Du lch, gii tr: Cung cp cc thng tin hu ch v im t ATM; Lch chiu phim; ch nh h ng, khch sn, c f , b r- karaoke. - D bo thi tit: Cung cp thng tin c cp nht thng xuyn, lin tc v thi tit cc vng c 64 tnh th nh trong c nc. - D nh b in thoi: Cung cp thng tin hu ch v cc s in thoi khn, in thoi cn bit, m vng, m quc gi 3.3.2. Truyn hnh tng tc (Inter ctive TV) Knh ph (b ck-ch nnel) IP khng ch cung cp kh nng ly thng tin m cn cho ph p tng tc vi cc show truyn hnh hoc khi to cc ng dng lin kt n cc chng trnh ng chy. Cc v d in hnh c truyn hnh tng tc l th m d v o cc tr chi truyn hnh, bnh chn qu truyn hnh, phn hi c ngi xem truyn hnh, cc chng trnh thng mi, v.v... 3.3.3. Dch v tip th truyn hnh (T-Marketing) Dch v Tip th truyn hnh cung cp cho ngi dng cc thng tin v sn phm, dch v (mu m, gi c, loi hnh dch v) c do nh nghip ngi dng xem x t, l chn v mu sm. - Dch v l mt khng gi n tt thu ht cc do nh nghip qung co thng hiu. sn phm v dch v c mnh. 3

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

- Hin ti, dch v b o gm cc chuyn mc sn phm, dch v theo nhm h ng h nh: - in, in t - ni tht - Thi tr ng - Du lch - M phm - m thc 3.3.4. Phng vn trc tuyn (Online Bill Enquiry) Dch v n y cho ph p do nh nghip v ngi tuyn dng c th thc hin phng vn cc ng vin thng qu IPTV. 3.3.5. Game Dch v G mes gip ngi dng l chn v chi g me trn mn hnh tivi rng ln ng y ti nh c mnh vi hnh nh sng ng v gi o din bt mt. Ngi dng s dng chnh chic iu khin t x (Remote) tng tc vi tr chi. Ngi dng c th l chn g me t d nh sch sn c. IPTV yu cu g me n gin d trn HTML. S lng g me phong ph v c cp nht lin tc. Ni dung g me hp dn vi nhiu th loi g me nh: th th o, gii tr, h nh ng, vui nhn, phiu lu. Vi h thng lu im xp hng ngi chi c im s co nht trong tun, thng ngi dng cn c c c hi trng thng b ng tin v hin vt rt hp dn. 3.3.6. Web, E-mail Dch v n y cho ph p ngi dng truy cp Internet, v check mail ngay trn chic TV c mnh. 3.3.7. Truyn hnh thng mi (TV-Commerce) L hnh thc tr tin xem mt phn chng trnh truyn hnh, v d: tr tin xem mt s kin th th o h y tr tin nghe mt bn nhc. H thng cung cp mt knh phim truyn hnh theo hnh thc PPV cho cc thu bao. 3.3.8. Dch v chi s hnh nh (Medi Sh ring)

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

Dch v Chi s hnh nh cung cp cho ngi dng c th to, lu tr, qun l lbum nh, clip v chi s chng vi ngi thn, gi nh, bn b thng qu h thng IPTV. IV. MT CNG NGH IPTV 4 H th ng cung c p d ch v IPTV H thng cung cp dch v IPTV s b o gm cc th nh phn v th hin nh trong hnh s u:

Hnh 2: M hnh kin trc h thng cung cp dch v IPTV H thng cung cp ngun d liu: Thu, nhn v x l cc d liu chng trnh t cc ngun khc nh u nh v tinh, truyn hnh mt t v cc ngun khc chuyn s ng h thng He dend. H thng u cui (He dend): Thu, iu ch v gii m ni dung hnh nh v m th nh t cc ngun khc nh u v s dng cc thit b m h chuyn i ni dung n y th nh cc lung IP multic st khun dng m ha mong mun. H thng trung gi n (Middlew re): c v i tr gn kt mt s th nh phn logc th nh mt h thng phn mm IPTV/video ho n chnh hn. H thng Middlew re cung cp gi o din ngi s dng cho c dch v bng rng v

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

theo yu cu. H thng n y c ng c s dng nh phn mm lin kt tch hp cc sn phm t cc nh cung cp khc nh u th nh mt mc ng dng.Middlew re cung cp kh nng qun l thu b o, ni dung v bo co ho n chnh cng vi cc chc nng qun l chng trnh in t (EPG) v thit b u cui ngi s dng (STB), ng thi vn duy tr tnh m cho vic tch hp cc dch v trong tng l i. H thng phn phi ni dung: B o gm cc cm my ch truyn hnh theo yu cu (VoD) v cc h thng qun l VoD tng ng, cho ph p lu tr cc ni dung c m h v thit lp cc chnh sch phn phi ni dung mt cch mm d o. H thng n y c ng cho ph p nh kh i thc m rng mt cch kinh t, ph hp vi ti v yu cu dch v c cc thu b o. H thng qun l bn quyn s (DRM): Gip nh kh i thc bo v ni dung c mnh, nh trn cc tn hiu truyn hnh h y m h ni dung VoD, khi truyn i trn mng Internet v tch hp vi tnh nng n ninh ti STB ph thu bao. Mng truy nhp: H tng mng IP bng rng truyn dch v t nh cung cp n khch h ng Thit b u cui ngi s dng (STB): Thit b u cui ph ngi s dng cho ph p thu, gii m v hin th ni dung trn m n hnh TV. STB c ng c th h tr HDTV, c kh nng kt ni vi cc thit b lu tr bn ngo i, video phone, truy nhp web ... H thng qun l mng v tnh cc. 4.2. Cc chu n n n hnh nh Cng vi s pht trin mnh m c my tnh v s r i c internet, th vic tm r mt phng php n n nh nh m gim bt khng gi n lu tr thng tin v truyn thng trn mng l yu cu cp thit. Cc k thut n n Video u c gng gim lng thng tin cn thit cho mt chui cc bc nh, m khng l m gim cht lng nh. Mc ch c n n video l gim bt s bt khi lu tr v truyn b ng cch loi b lng thng tin d th trong tng fr me v dng k thut m ho ti thiu ho lng thng tin qu n trng cn lu gi. Vi mt thit b lu hnh k thut s thng thng, nh s u khi c s ho s c n n li. Qu trnh n n s x l cc d liu trong nh

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

hnh nh v o mt khng gi n h p hn nh trong thit b nh k thut s hoc qu ng dy in thoi, ... Vi th trng lu hnh k thut s hin n y, cc chun n n ph bin l Motion JPEG (MJPEG), W velet, H.261/ H.263/ H.263+/ H.263++ v MPGE-1/ MPGE-2/ MPGE-4. Nhn chung, c hai nhm tiu chun ch yu: nhm mt gm nh dng n n MJPEG v Wavelet; v nhm h i gm cc nh dng chun cn li. Cc thut ton m h c h i nhm l tng t nh u nhng mc ch c chng li khc nh u. H.26x series c pht trin cho in thoi truyn hnh trong khi MPEG series c pht trin chnh cho vic qung b hnh nh cht lng c o. 4 1 1 Chu n n n G v av l t Tnh cht chung c cc nh s l tng qu n gi cc pixel cnh nh u ln, iu n y dn ti d th thng tin biu di n nh. Vic d th thng tin dn ti vic m ho khng ti u. Do vy, t cn tm phng n biu di n nh vi tng qu n nh nht, gim thiu d th thng tin c nh. C 2 kiu d th thng tin nh s u: * D th trong min khng gi n: l tng qu n gi khng gi n pixel c nh (cc pixel ln cn c nh c gi tr gn ging nh u, tr nhng pixel gip ng bin nh). * D th trong min tn s: l tng qu n gi nhng di m u hoc cc di ph khc nhau. * Trng tm c cc nghin cu v n n nh l gim bt mt s bit biu di n nh b ng vic loi b d th trong min khng gi n v min tn s c ng nhiu c ng tt. Cc chun n n MJPEG v W velet u tun theo nguyn tc tm r cc phn t d th min khng gi n (mi Fr me n n t ng). Trong khi , c trng c cc chun n n thuc nhm 2 l loi b d th c min khng gi n v min tn s c nh. * MJPEG l nh dng n n nh lu i nht v c dng ph bin. Khi dng chun n n MJPEG, nh c phn chi th nh cc khi vung nh, mi khi vung c kch thc 8 x 8 pixel v biu di n mc xm c 64 im nh. M ho bin i cosin ri rc DCT (Discrete Cosin Tr nform) trong chun n n n y kh i thc s tng ng gi cc pixel trong mi khi, ly r cc biu di n nh vi tng qu n nh. Chui biu di n s b rt ngn, tu theo mc

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

n n c h thng hin h nh vi qui trnh rt ngn chui biu di n. V vy, hnh nh s u khi gii n n thng c nhiu s i lch so vi nh gc. chun n n W velet, th y v m ho theo tng khi 8 x 8, vic thc hin trn to n b b mt nh, mt lot cc b phn lc khu chuyn i s phn tch cc d kin v tng im nh v cho r mt tp cc h s. Do chun W velet c tc dng vi to n b b mt nh, nn cc s i lch nh gii n n s khc vi MJPEG. Hiu ng gh p mnh khng xy n vi nh c qu n st, nhng phn gii hnh nh gim c ng nh mt v i vt m s xut hin. Cc nh dng W velet v MJPEG u gy r hin tng mt thng tin nh gii n n. S d th kh nng lu nh mt ngi cm th khi dng chun n n W velet t hn MJPEG 30%. 4 1 2 Chu n n n G- v 26 MPEG khng phi l mt cng c n n n l , u im c nh n n dng MPEG l ch MPEG c mt tp hp cc cng c m h chun, chng c th kt hp vi nh u mt cch linh ng phc v cho mt lot cc ng dng khc nhau. Nguyn l chung c n n tn hiu video l loi b s d th v khng gi n v s d th v thi gi n, c thc hin trc ht nh s dng tnh cht gi cc nh lin tip. Chng t dng tnh cht n y to r cc bc nh mi nh v o thng tin t nhng bc nh g i trc . Do vy ph b m h t ch cn gi li nhng nh c s th y i so vi nh trc, s u t dng phng php n n v khng gi n trong nhng bc nh s i khc n y. Ni mt cch c th, nguyn l chung c cc chun n n l phng on trc chuyn ng c cc fr me b m h . Mi fr me ti mt thi im nht nh s c nhiu kh nng ging vi cc fr me ng ng y trc v s u . Cc b m h s tin h nh qu t ln lt nhng phn nh trong mi fr me (m rco blocks) v pht hin r m rco block n o khng th y i t fr me n y ti fr me khc. Ph bn thu, tc b gii m lu tr sn nhng thng tin khng th y i t fr me n y ti fr me khc, chng c dng in thm v o v tr trng trong nh c khi phc. Tuy nhin, do s tng ng gi cc fr me l rt ln, nn s pht hin r cc s i lch l rt kh. Do vy nh khi phc kh t c nh nh gc. iu n y ng ngh vi vic cht lng nh c ng tng t nh khi dng

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

chun W velet v MJPEG, nhng dung lng knh truyn v khng gi n lu tr c cc chun n n H.26x v MPEG-x l nh hn (v d nh khng gi n lu tr c chun H.263 nh hn Motion JPEG t 3 ti 5 ln). S khc bit gi cc chun n n n y (nh H.26x v MPEG-x) ch yu n m khu tin on cc fr me mi v cch thc tnh ton s i lch gi cc fr me hin ti v fr me phng on. Chun n n H.26x (gm cc th h H.261, H.262 v H.263, ...), thng c tc m ho tn hiu thp hn MPEG-x (khong 1,5 Mbps vi phn gii hnh 352 x 288) do dng ch yu trong vi n thng. Trong khi , chun MPEG-2 dng cho th trng gii tr c phn gii hnh c o hn, v mang li cht lng hnh nh tt (c o hn 1,5 Mbps vi phn gii 352x288 hoc 6 Mbps cho phn gii ho n chnh). 4 1 3 Chu n n n G-2 MPEG-2, r i nm 1994, l tn c mt nhm cc tiu chun m h cho tn hiu m th nh v hnh nh s, c chp thun bi MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group) v c cng b trong tiu chun quc t ISO/IEC 13818. MPEG-2 thng c s dng m h m th nh v hnh nh cho cc tn hiu bro dc st b o gm truyn hnh v tinh qung b trc tip v truyn hnh cp. MPEG-2 vi mt s s i c ng l khun dng c s dng bi cc phim DVD thng mi tiu chun. MPEG-2 b o gm cc phn chnh s u: * MPEG-2 Systems p rt (p rt 1) xc nh h i khun dng ring bit. Lung truyn ti (Tr nsport Stre m) c thit k m ng m v hnh nh s qu cc phng tin khng c tin cy lm. MPEG-2 Transport Stream thng c s dng trong cc ng dng bng rng, nh ATSC v DVB. MPEG-2 Systems c ng xc nh cc lung chng trnh (Progr m Stre m), mt khun dng c thit k cho cc phng tin c tin cy chp nhn c nh . MPEG-2 Progr m Stre m c s dng trong cc tiu chun DVD v SVCD. MPEG-2 System c bit n chnh thc l ISO/IEC 138181 v ITU-T Rec.H222.0 * MPEG-2 Video p rt (p rt 2) tng t nh MPEG-1, nhng c ng h tr cho video xen k (interl ced video, khun dng c s dng cho cc h thng truyn hnh qung b tng t). MPEG-2 video khng ti u cho cc tc bt

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

thp (<1 Mbit/s), nhng li thc hin tt hn MPEG-1 ti tc 3 Mbit/s v c o hn. To n b cc b gii m Video tun theo chun MPEG-2 hon ton c kh nng pht li cc lung video MPEG-1. MPEG-2 Video c bit n chnh thc l ISO/IEC 13818-2 v ITU-T REc. H.262. * MPEG-2 Audio p rt (p rt 3) ci tin chc nng m th nh c MPEG-1 b ng cch cho ph p m h cc chng trnh m th nh vi nhiu hn h i knh. P rt 3 c ng tng thch vi chun, cho ph p cc b gii m m th nh MPEG-1 gii m cc th nh phn m th nh ni (stereo). MPEG-2 c dng m h hnh nh ng v m th nh v to r b kiu khung s liu (intr fr me, forw rd predictive fr me v bidirection l pridicted fr me) c th c sp xp theo mt trt t c th gi l cu trc nhm cc hnh nh (group of picture, GOP). Mt lung video MPEG-2 c to nn bi mt chui cc khung s liu m h hnh nh. C b cch m h mt hnh nh l : intr -coded (I picture), forward predictive (P picture) v bidirectional predictive (B picture). Cc hnh nh c lung video c phn r th nh mt knh ch thng tin v sng (lumin nce, cn gi l knh Y) v h i knh th nh phn m u (chromin nce, cn gi l tn hiu m u phn bit Cb v Cr). MPEG-2 s dng cc chun m h m th nh mi, l : * M ha tc bt thp vi tn s ly mu gim i mt n (MPEG-1 Layer 1/2/3 LSF). * M h knh, ln n 5.1 knh * MPEG-2 AAC 4 1 4 Chu n n n G-4 MPEG-4 l mt chun n n chnh c s dng n n d liu v m th nh v hnh nh ( udio nd visu l, AV). c r v o nm 1998, MPEG4 c l chn cho nhm cc tiu chun hnh nh v m th nh. MPEG-4 c ng dng cho web, CD, videophone v truyn hnh qung b. MPEG-4 tip thu cc c im c MPEG-1 v MPEG-2 v cc chun khc lin qu n v b sung thm cc tnh nng mi nh h tr VRML cho 3D, cc file b o gm cc vt th c nh hng (gm udio, video v VRML).

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

MPEG-4 thc s l mt dng n n nh m ng tnh t ph c cng ngh n n hnh ng i, th hin r n t nhng tiu chun s u: * p dng nhng tiu chun c tnh m c o vi s h tr c lc t ng nh cng nghip n ninh v cng nghip my tnh. * Kh nng truyn theo dng v mng li. * Ti thiu h dung lng knh truyn v khng gi n lu tr trong khi vn gi c tnh trung thc c nh. Nhng chun n n MPEG-4 c profile dng n gin chim lnh phn th trng. MPEG-4 c pht trin v ho n thin tr th nh nh dng n n hnh tin tin, ho n ho, vi tiu ch tp trung pht trin nhng nhn t gip tng cng cht lng hnh nh, c ng nh phc v c lc cho cc thit b gim st c cc fr me dng ch nht. Mi bit stre m hin th trong nh dng nn MPEG-4 cung cp mt m t m ng tnh phn tng v hnh nh hin th. Tng lp d liu c v o lung bit bi nhng mt m c bit gi l mt m khi ngun. 4.1.4.1. Phn phi cc lung d liu

Hnh 3: M hnh cc lp h thng MPEG-4 Vic phn phi mt cch ng b cc lung thng tin t ngun n ch c xc nh di dng lp ng b (Sync L yer) v mt lp phn phi (Delivery L yer) gm h i lp c gh p li l DMIF L yer v Tr nsMux Layer.

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

DMIF L yer c iu khin bi gi o din DMIF (Delivery Multimedia Intergr tion Fr mework), l gi o din gi ng dng v truyn ti. Mt ng dng n l c th chy trn cc lp truyn ti khc nh u khi c h tr DMIF. MPEG-4 DMIF h tr cc chc nng s u: * L mt gi o din ng dng trong sut * iu khin vic thit lp cc knh FlexMux * S dng cc mng ng nht gi cc peer tng tc vi nh u: IP, ATM, di ng, PSTN, ISDN bng h p * H tr mng di ng, c pht trin cng vi ITU-T * UserComm nds vi bn tin xc nhn * Qun l thng tin MPEG-4 Sync Layer Lp Tr nsMux cung cp cc dch v truyn ti ph hp vi cc yu cu v QoS. Ch gi o din i vi lp n y c xc nh bi MPEG-4 trong khi cc sp xp c th c cc gi d liu v iu khin bo hiu cn c tin h nh cng vi cc phn chnh c tc dng qu cc gi o thc truyn ti tng ng. Bt k gi o thc truyn ti tn ti thch hp n o nh (RTP)/UDP/IP, (AAL5)/ATM hoc lung truyn ti c MPEG-2 qu mt lp kt ni thch hp n o c th tr th nh mt v d Tr nsMux c trng. S l chn n y chuyn ti ngi s dng cui/nh cung cp dch v v cho ph p MPEG-4 c s dng trong mt di c mi trng vn h nh. S dng cng c gh p knh FlexMux l l chn, lp n y c th b trng nu lp Tr nsMux di cung cp to n b cc chc nng yu cu. Tuy nhin, lp ng b (Sync L yer) th lun phi tn ti. Chc nng c lp n y nh s u: * Nhn dng cc khi truy nhp, truyn ti timest mps v thng tin th m chiu nhp v nhn dng d liu mt * L chn d liu ch n v o t cc lung s cp khc th nh lung FlexMux. * Truyn thng tin iu khin * Ch r QoS yu cu i vi mi lung s cp v lung FlexMux * Chuyn cc yu cu QoS th nh cc t i nguyn mng thc t * Kt hp cc lung s cp vi cc i tng trung gi n

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

* Truyn i cc sp xp c cc lung s cp ti knh FlexMux v TransMux 4 1 4 2 thng MPEG-4 c xc nh l cng c c cc thut ton n n tin tin i vi cc d liu hnh nh v m th nh. Cc lung d liu (Element ry Stre ms, ES) l kt qu t qu trnh m h c truyn i v lu tr ring bit. Mi qu n h gi cc th nh phn hnh nh v m th nh c m t th nh h i mc chnh: * BIFS (Bin ry Form t for Scenes) m t s sp xp v khng gi n v thi gi n c cc i tng. Ngi xem c th c kh nng tng tc vi cc i tng, v d sp xp li chng trn m n nh hoc th y i qu n im v cch xem trong mi trng 3D. * Ti lp thp hn, Object Descriptors (ODs) xc nh qu n h gi Element ry Stre ms thch hp vi tng i tng (v d lung m thanh v hnh nh c mt ngi trong mt cuc hi ngh truyn hnh). ODs c ng cung cp thm cc thng tin nh nhu cu URL truy nhp Element ry Stre m, cc c tnh c b gii m, vt s hu tr tu, ... 4.1.4.3. MPEG-4 Audio MPEG-4 Audio to iu kin thun li cho mt lng ln cc ng dng t cc b i di n thuyt n gin n cc hnh nh knh cht lng c o, v t cc m th nh t nhin n cc m th nh tng hp. c bit, MPEG-4 h tr cc biu di n hiu sut c o c cc i tng hnh nh b o gm: * Cc tn hiu hnh nh thng thng: H tr cho vic m h hnh nh thng thng t cht lng thp n c o c cung cp bi k thut m h bin i. Vi chc nng n y, mt di rng cc bt v bng tn c b o ph. Bt u ti tc bt 6 kbit/s v bng tn di 4kHz v m rng ti hnh nh cht lng qung b t n ti knh. Cht lng c o c th t c vi tr thp. M h hnh nh th m s (P r metric Audio Coding) cho ph p m th nh vi tc thp. * Cc tn hiu thoi: M h thoi c tin h nh s dng tc t 2kbit/s ti 24 kbit/s s dng cng c m h thoi. Tc bt thp hn, v d 1,2 kbit/s, c ng c th khi m h tc th y i c cho ph p. Khi s dng

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

cng c HVXC, tc v cng c th c th y i di s iu khin c ngi s dng trong khi pht li. Nu cng c CELP c s dng, vic th y i tc pht li c th t c b ng cch s dng v thm v o cc cng c vic x l c hiu qu. 4.1.4.4. MPEG-4 Visual MPEG-4 Visu l tiu chun cho ph p m h l i gh p cc hnh nh t nhin (cn c v o pixel) v cc cnh nhn to (ly r t my tnh). Di y l tng qu n v cc cng c v thut ton c chun hnh nh MPEG-4. * Cc nh dng c h tr bi MPEG-4 Visual: + Tc bt: t 5kbit/s n ln hn 1 Gbit/s + Cc nh dng: pht trin khng ngng c ng nh cc hnh nh kt hp cht ch vi nh u + Gii php: in hnh t sub-QCIF ti gii php Studio (4k x 4k pixels) * Hiu qu n n: + i vi to n b cc tc bt c nh ch, thut ton n y rt hiu qu. Thut ton n y b o gm vic kt hp m h vi cht lng c iu chnh gi kh nng chp nhn i vi tc n n c o vi ne r lossless + N n hiu qu i vi mng li 2-D v 3-D + Truyn hnh truy nhp ngu nhin cho ph p cc chc nng nh tm dng, chuyn i nh nh c cc chng trnh truyn hnh c lu tr. * Cc chc nng Content-Based + M h ni dung hnh nh v video cho ph p tch bit vic gii m v ti thit li cc i tng video c nh dng ring. + Truy nhp ngu nhin cc ni dung cc video cho ph p cc chc nng nh tm dng, chyn i nh nh cc chng trnh truyn hnh c lu tr. + Nhn m rng ni dung cc chng trnh truyn hnh cho ph p cc chc nng nh l m th y i cc text nhn to h y t nhin, b cc, hnh nh v chng trnh truyn hnh b o ph ni dung truyn hnh c th y i. * Tnh linh ng c o v text, hnh nh v video

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

+ Tnh linh ng v dng c b m h cho ph p m h cc lung bt phc tp khc nh u i vi mt tex, hnh nh hoc video. + Tnh linh ng v dng c b gii m cc lung bt vn bn, hnh nh hoc video c gii m bi b gii m ti cc mc phc tp khc nh u. Nhn chung cht lng khi phc li lin qu n n phc tp c b gii m c s dng. + Tnh linh ng v khng gi n cho ph p b gii m gii m mt tp hp c to n b lung bt c pht r bi b m h khi phc li v hin th cc tex, hnh nh v video. + Tnh linh ng v thi gi n cho ph p b gii m gii m mt tp hp c to n b lung bt c pht r bi b m h khi phc li v hin th video. + Tnh linh ng v cht lng cho ph p mt lung bt c phn tch th nh mt s cc lp lung bt c tc bt khc nh u v d nh s kt hp c mt tp hp cc lp vn c th c gii m th nh mt tn hiu c ngh . Phn tch lung bt c th xy r trong qu trnh truyn hoc gii m. Nhn chung cht lng khi phc li lin qu n n s lng lp c s dng gii m v khi phc. 4 1 5 Chu n n n 264 G-4 part 10/VAC H.264 l tiu chun n n hnh nh, c bit n nh MPEG-4 Part 10 hoc AVC (Adv nced Video Coding). Phin bn u tin c H.264/AVC c ho n thin v o thng 5/2003. H.264/AVC to r mt tiu chun c kh nng cung cp cht lng hnh nh tt ti tc bt thp hn cc tiu chun trc nh MPEG-2, H.263, hoc MPEG-4 m khng cn tng phc tp v cu trc. Hn n tiu chun n y c p dng cho cc ng dng trn cc h thng v mng chng loi, gm tc bt c o v thp, lu tr DVD, qung b, hnh nh vi phn gii thp v c o, cc mng gi RTP/IP, v cc h thng in thoi phng tin ITU-T. H.264 c t tn theo dng tiu chun H.26x c ITU-T, trong khi AVC theo ph ISO/IEC MPEG. Mc ch c H.264 l to r mt chun c kh nng cung cp cht lng video c o tc bit thp hn hn (b ng mt n hoc thp hn n ) so vi yu cu c cc chun trc (MPEG-2,

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

H.263 hay MPEG-2 P rt 2) m khng l m tng nhiu s phc tp trong thit trin kh i. Mt mc tiu khc l cho ph p tiu chun c p dng cho nhiu kiu ng dng (cho c tc bit thp v c o, v c phn gii video thp v c o) v c th l m vic tt trn nhiu kiu mng v h thng (qung b, lu tr DVD, mng gi RTP/IP, cc h thng in thoi phng tin c ITU-T). JVT gn y ho n thin vic pht trin mt s m rng so vi chun b n u, c bit n vi tn gi M rng phm vi trung thc (Fidelity R nge Extensions, FRExt). Cc m rng n y h tr m h video trung thc c o b ng cch tng chnh xc ly mu (b o gm m h 10 bit v 12 bit) v thng tin mu sc phn gii c o (b o gm cc cu trc ly mu YUV 4:2:2 v YUV 4:4:4). Nhiu c im khc c ng c thm v o trong cc m rng FRExt nh chuyn i thch ng gi cc khi 4x4 v 8x8, cc m trn trng s lng t h d trn cm bin c cc b m h c th, h tr thm nhiu khng gi n mu sc, ... Mt s tnh nng mi c H.264/MPEG-4 P rt 10 cho ph p chun n y n n cc tn hiu video hiu qu hn so vi cc chun c v v linh hot hn cho cc ng dng trong cc mi trng mng. Mt s cc tnh nng qu n trng l : * B chuyn ng hnh s dng cc hnh nh c m h trc l m th m chiu theo cch linh hot hn cc chun c , cho ph p ln ti 32 hnh nh th m chiu c s dng (cc chun c ch s dng 1, hoc 2 vi trng hp B picture). Tnh nng c bit n y cho ph p ci thin tc bit v cht lng trong hu ht cc trng hp. * B chuyn ng block c kch thc bin i vi kch thc block rng n 16x16 v nh n 4x4, cho ph p phn mnh chnh xc cc vng chuyn ng. * Cu trc cp m croblock, cho ph p cc m croblock kch thc 16x16 (so vi 16x8 MPEG-2). * chnh xc b chuyn ng ln n 1/4 pixel, cho ph p th hin chnh xc cc dch chuyn c vng chuyn ng.

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

* nh s khung, cho ph p to r cc chui con (iu chnh v thi gi n b ng cch gp mt nh gi cc nh khc), pht hin v giu cc hnh b mt (xy r do mt gi trn mng hoc li knh). * m th t hnh, cho ph p gi cc hnh v cc gi tr mu theo trt t trong cc hnh c gii m tch bit vi thng tin nh thi (cho ph p thng tin nh thi c chuyn i v iu khin c lp bi h thng m khng nh hng n ni dung hnh nh c gii m). Cc k thut n y, cng vi nhiu k thut khc, l m cho H.264 hot ng tt hn so vi cc tiu chun trc, trong nhiu trng hp v mi trng ng dng khc nh u. H.264 thng l m vic tt hn rt nhiu so vi MPEG-2, cho cht lng tt hn tc bt ch b ng mt n hoc thp hn so vi yu cu c MPEG-2. H.264 cung cp cc profile s u: * B seline profile (BP): Dng cho cc ng dng chi ph thp i hi t t i nguyn hn, ch yu dng cho cc ng dung hi ngh truyn hnh v di ng. * M in Profile (MP): Dng cho cc ng dng qung b v lu tr. Extended profile (XP): C kh nng n n kh c o, gim thiu kh nng mt d liu. * High Profile (HiP): Dng cho cc ng dng qung b v lu tr , c bit cho cc ng dng truyn hnh yu cu n t c o (HD-DVD, Bluray disc). * High 10 Profile (Hi10P): c xy dng bn trn c HiP, h tr 10 bit trn mt mu c chnh xc c hnh nh c gii m. * High 4:2:2 Profile (Hi422P): dng cho cc ng dng chuyn nghip s dng video qu t xen k , c xy dng bn trn c Hi10P, h tr khun dng ly mu sc 4:2:2 trong khi s dng 10 bit trn mt mu c chnh xc c hnh nh c gii m. * High 4:4:4 Profile (Hi444P): c xy dng bn trn c Hi422P, h tr ly mu sc 4:4:4, ln n 12 bit trn mt mu. MPEG tch hp y cc h tr c H.264/AVC v o cc h thng tiu chun c mnh (MPEG-2 v MPEG-4) v cc tp tin phng tin theo tiu chun ISO.

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

ITU-T H.264/AVC v o b tiu chun H.32x cho h thng in thoi phng tin. D trn cc tiu chun ITU-T, H.264/AVC c s dng rng ri cho ng dng hi ngh truyn hnh, v c ng dng trong cc sn phm c cc cng ty chim u th trn th trng (nh Polycom v Tendberg). iu qu n trng hn c l tt c cc sn phm hi ngh truyn hnh mi u h tr H.264/AVC. H.264 c ng c s dng trong nhiu loi dch v Video-on-Demand trn Internet cung cp phim v cc show di n truyn hnh trc tip n my tnh v my thu hnh v c kh nng s th y th chun m h H.262/MPEG-2 hin ti ng s dng trong cc h thng truyn hnh s qung b mt t v v tinh. Yu cu v bng thng c cc chun n n: * So snh hot ng c chun n n khc nh u nh trong th di y: * C th thy c t th so snh trn, k thut m h H.264 rt hiu qu di bng thng thp. Cht lng video c chun H.264 ti bng thng 1,5 Mbps tt hn so vi chun MPEG-2 bng thng 3 Mbps. S dng chun n n H.264 c th tit kim c hn mt n bng thng. Cc li ch c H.264/AVC: * Hiu qu n n gp i, tc n n b ng mt n so vi chun MPEG-2 yu cu i vi hnh nh cht lng c o v gim c c dung lng lu tr cn thit. * Cho ph p nhiu ni dung hn c truyn i trn h thng c sn vi tc bt thp hn. * Chi ph truyn dn thp hn do thi gi n truyn gim mt n . * Chi ph trin kh i thp hn vi cng ngh H.264/AVC xy dng trn nn tng tiu chun, phn cng x l khng c quyn. * Kt hp hp vi mt lp thch ng mng (Network Ad pt tion L yer) cung cp mt cch linh hot kh nng truyn ti qu mng chuyn mch gi v lung bt, cho ph p nng cp mt cch d d ng cc gii php phn phi d trn MPEG-2. * S dng mt thit lp chung v cng ngh gi mobile v IPTV : lung TCP/UDP + H.264/AVC.

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

Yu cu v ng thng i vi cc chu n n n: nt tiu chu n MPEG-1 MPEG-2 MPEG-4 Part 10; H.264 Ln n 1,5 Mbps 4 - 5 Mbps 2 - 4 Mbps n t c o 18 - 20 Mbps 8 - 10 Mbps ng dng Video on Internet, MP3 Digital TV, DVD Multi video

4.3. Gi o thc mng Dch v IPTV b o gm c truyn hnh trc tip (live TV) v truyn hnh c lu tr sn (Video on Dem nd). Vic xem truyn hnh qu IPTV cn mt my tnh hoc thit b set-top-box c kt ni ti TV. Cc ni dung truyn hnh c n n s dng chun MPEG-2 hoc MPEG-4 v c g i i di dng lung truyn ti MPEG qu IP Multic st trong trng hp truyn hnh trc tip hoc qu IP Unic st trong trng hp truyn hnh theo yu cu. IP Multic st l phng php m thng tin c truyn n cc my tnh trong cng thi im. Mt h thng IPTV tiu chun thng s dng cc gi o thc c bn s u: - Gi o thc IGMP (gi o thc qun l nhm Internet) - Gi o thc RTSP (gi o thc lung thi gi n thc) - Gi o thc HTTP - Cc gi o thc IP Multic st Chng t s ln lt tm hiu tng gi o thc nu trn. 4.3.1. Gi o thc IGMP (gi o thc qun l nhm Internet) Truyn hnh trc tip s dng gi o thc IGMP version 2 kt ni ti mt lung multic st (TV ch nnel) hoc dng chuyn cc knh truyn hnh. 4.3.2. Gi o thc RTSP (gi o thc lung thi gi n thc) Giao thc RTSP c s dng trong dch v VoD. 4.3.3. Gi o thc HTTP 4.3.4. Cc giao thc IP Multic st

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

Multic st, cn c gi l multiplex bro dc st, l cch truyn thng tin ti mt nhm cc ch n mt cch ng thi s dng mt phng php hiu qu truyn cc bn tin trn mi kt ni c mng ch mt ln v ch to r cc bn s o khi cc kt ni n cc ch n r nhnh. Thut ng hng (Multic st) thng c s dng m ch n IP Multic st, vn l mt gi o thc c s dng truyn mt cch hiu qu s liu n nhiu ngi nhn cng mt lc trn cc mng s dng gi o thc TCP/IP b ng cch s dng mt ch hng. IP Multic st thng c lin qu n n cc gi o thc udio/video nh RTP. C nhiu k thut hng c s dng trn Internet. Trong khi IP Multic st s dng lp ch hng (lp D) th hng r r ng (cn gi l Xc st) li s dng cc ch n hng c tt c cc ch n th y v cc ch hng c n nh. Do kch thc gi IP nhn chung b gii hn, Ec st khng th c s dng cho cc nhm vi s lng ln cc ch hng. M hnh IP Multic st i hi phi gii quyt nhiu trng thi bn trong mng hn so vi m hnh IP unic st. V c ng ch c mt c ch n o chng t c s cho php m hnh IP multic st c th m rng vi h ng triu ngi g i v h ng triu nhm multic st, do khng th to r cc ng dng multic st ho n to n dng thc t thng mi trn Internet. K t 2003, nhng n lc m rng multic st n cc mng ln tp trung v o mt trng hp multic st mt ngun n gin hn v d kim sot hn. u im c hng: * S dng bng thng c mng hiu qu so vi unic st - vi unic st, tng dung lng bng thng tng tuyn tnh vi s thu b o. * Yu cu s dng my ch l ti thiu so vi unic st - vi unic st, kt ni c mi khch h ng yu cu mt lung ring; vi IP Multic st, ch c mt lung c g i r t my ch. * Yu cu s dng mng l ti thiu - y l hiu qu c vic s dng IP Multicast. Nhc im c hng: * Phn pht gi thiu tin cy - do IP Multic st s dng UDP l m gi o thc truyn ti nn n k th s thiu tin cy c UDP.

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Phm Hng Sn Lp D08HTTT2

* Kh nng lp gi trn mng: trong khi mt gi o thc nh tuyn IP Multic st hi t, c kh nng nhiu bn s o c mt gi multic st s n khch hng. * Khng c kh nng trnh tc ngh n: do IP Multic st s dng UDP l m gi o thc truyn ti nn n khng c cc c ch qu y lui (b ckoff) v c s (window) c TCP. So vi n hng th hng l phng thc truyn s dng t bng thng c mng hn. Mt ng dng unic st s g i mt bn copy c mi gi d liu n mi ngi nhn. Ngc li, multic st ch g i mt bn copy ti nhng ngi dng mun nhn. y l phng thc thng c s dng nht cho hi ngh video v Video-on-Dem nd hin n y. th di y so snh lu lng s dng gi multic st v unic st dng cho udio stre ming v mi ngi dng u nghe nhc cng tc 8 Kbps. Mt s cng ng trong mng Internet cng cng vn thng s dng IP Multicast v IP Multicast c s dng cho nhiu ng dng c bit bn trong mng IP dng ring (priv te IP network). Cc gi o thc IP Multic st: * Gi o thc qun l nhm Internet (IGMP). * Gi o thc hng c lp (PIM). * Gi o thc nh tuyn hng iu khin khong cch (DVMRP). * Multicast OSPF (MOSPF). * Multicast BGP (MBGP). * Gi o thc khi phc ngun hng (MSDP). * Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD). * Gi o thc ghi nhn hng (GMRP).

CHNG IV: KT LUN