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Mc c
1. Bin i hu t v bin i v t ................................................... 2
2. Biu din thp phn ca s t nhin .............................................. 4
3. S chnh phng ............................................................................ 5
4. Phng trnh nghim nguyn ......................................................... 6
5. Phng trnh bc hai v nh l Viete ............................................ 7
6. H phng trnh ............................................................................. 9
7. Bt ng thc v cc tr ............................................................... 11
8. Phng php chng inh phn chng ......................................... 13
9. Nguyn l dirichlet ....................................................................... 14
10. Nguyn l bt bin ....................................................................... 16
11. nh ng hnh hc ..................................................................... 18
12. Thng hng v ng quy .............................................................. 20
13. im thuc ng c nh ng qua im c nh ............... 22
14. t ng thc v cc tr hnh hc ................................................ 24









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MT S CHUYN BI DNG HC SINH GII

1. Bin i hu t v bin i v t
Bi 1. Cho v . Tnh

theo
Bi 2. Cho tha:

Chng minh rng

Bi 3. Cho v

.
Chng minh rng

Bi 4. Cho cc s tha

. Tm
Bi 5. Cho l cc s nguyn tha | |

| |

Tnh gi tr ca biu thc: | | | | | |
Bi 6. Cho

. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc:

Bi 7. (PTNK 2002) Cho cc s thc tha n iu kin

a
c
c
b
b
a
1 1 1
+ = + = +
a) Cho , hy tm .
b) Chng minh rng nu i t khc nhau th

.
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c) Chng minh rng nu dng th .
Bi 8. (PTNK 2009). Cho , , , a b c d l cc s thc tha n iu kin
, . 0
3
a c a c
a c
b d b d
+
= = =

.
Chng minh rng:
2 2
b d = .
Bi 9. (Chuyn Ton TPHCM 2009). Cho cc s nguyn
tha v
a) Chng minh rng

l tng ca ba s chnh
phng.
b) Chng minh
Bi 10. (PTNK 1999)
a) Chng inh ng thc
| | vi mi
b) Chng inh ng thc

)
`

= +

+
+
+

+
+
c b a c ab
b a
ab
b a
c ab
b a
ab
b a 1
,
1
,
1
max 4
2 2
vi mi
= .
Trong ax k hiu s ln nht trong cc s i k.






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2. Biu din thp phn ca s t nhin
Bi 1. Chng minh rng nu

l bi ca 37 th

cng bi ca
37.
Bi 2. Cho s c 6 ch s

sao cho

bng 6 ln

.
Tnh tng
Bi 3. Tm tt c cc s c 3 ch s bng lp phng tng 3 ch s ca
n.
Bi 4. Tm s t nhin n nh nht sao cho tha iu kin sau:
a) S ny c ch s tn cng bng 6.
b) Nu a s 6 n trc s to bi n ch s cn li th c s mi
bng 4 ln s ban u.
Bi 5. Tm s chnh phng c 4 ch s sao cho s c hai ch s to bi
hai ch s u v hai ch s cui l ging nhau.
Bi 6. Tm gi tr ln nht ca t s mt s c 3 ch s v tng cc ch
s ca n.
Bi 7. Chng minh rng mi s trong dy: 12, 1122, 111222, l
tch ca hai s t nhin lin tip.
Bi 8. Tm s chnh phng nh nht sao cho khi xa i hai ch s cui
cng (hai s khng ng thi bng 0) th s cn li cng t s chnh
phng.
Bi 9. Tm s t nhin c hai ch s bit rng n chia ht cho tch hai
ch ca n.
Bi 10. (PTNK 2008)Mt s nguyn dng c gi l s bch kim
nu bng tng bnh phng cc ch s ca n.
a) Chng minh rng khng tn ti s bch kim c 3 ch s
b) Tm tt c cc s nguyn dng l s bch kim

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3. S chnh phng
Bi 1. Chng minh rng tch ca 4 s t nhin lin tip cng thm 1 l
mt s chnh phng.
Bi 2. C tn ti mt khng mt s chnh phng n hn 10 gm ton
cc ch s ging nhau.
Bi 3. Tm cc ch s bit rng

l mt s chnh phng.
Bi 4. Chng minh rng nu tng hai s chnh phng chia ht cho 3 th
c hai s u chia ht cho 3.
Bi 5. Tm tt c cc s t nhin sao cho

l mt s
chnh phng.
Bi 6. C tn ti hay khng mt s chnh phng khc 0 ch gm cc
ch s 0 v 6.
Bi 7. Tm s nguyn t sao cho tng cc ng dng ca

l mt
s chnh phng.
Bi 8. Cho hai s nguyn dng . Chng minh rng cc s

khng th ng thi l s chnh phng.

Bi 9. Cho l mt s nguyn dng khc 2, 5, v 13. Chng minh
rng c th tm hai s sao cho khng phi l
s chnh phng.
Bi 10. Chng minh rng s

khng phi l s chnh phng

vi mi s nguyn dng .




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4. Phng trnh nghim nguyn
i 1. T tt c cc cp s nguyn tha phng trnh:

i 2. Tm cc s nguyn x, y tho n phng trnh:
2 2 2 2
x xy y x y + + = .
i 3. T ba s nguyn dng sao cho tch ca hai s cng th 1 th
chia ht cho s cn i.
i 4. Tm nghi nguyn dng ca phng trnh
2
6 5 8 x xy x y =
i 5. T cc nghim nguyn khng m (x, y) ca phng trnh
( )
2
2 2
7 xy x y = +


i 6. T tt c cc cp s nguyn sao cho tng cc lp phng ca
chng bng bnh phng ca tng.
i 7. T tt c cc gi tr ca k phng trnh sau c nghim nguyn
dng:
2 2
x y x y kxy + + + =
i 8. T tt c cc b ba s nguyn dng tha phng trnh:
( )
2
2
3 1 x y x y z + + + + =
i 9. T tt c cc tam gic vung c cc cnh l cc s nguyn sao
cho din tch bng chu vi.
i 10. a) Chng minh rng khng tn ti s t nhin a sao cho
2 2009
2010 a a + =
b) Chng minh rng khng tn ti s t nhin a sao cho
2 3 2010
2009 a a a + + =


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5. Phng trnh bc hai v nh l Viete
Bi 1. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca hai phng trnh

c nghim chung, tm cc nghim khc.

Bi 2. Cho phng trnh

c nghim. Tm
Bi 3. Cho ta gic c di mt cnh l s nguyn dng v bng
trung bnh cng ca hai cnh cn li. T di cnh bit rng tng
bnh phng cc cnh ca tam gic bng 84.
Bi 4. Gi v nghim ca phng trnh

. Tnh
gi tr ca biu thc

Bi 5. Chng minh rng nu nghim ca phng trnh

l cc s t nhin th

l hp s.
Bi 6. (PTNK 2007)
a) Cho 11 6 2, 11 6 2 a b = + = . Chng minh rng , l
hai nghim ca mt phng trnh bc 2 vi h s nguyn.
b) Cho
3 3
6 3 10, 6 3 10 c d = + = . Chng t rng

l hai
nghim ca mt phng trnh bc 2 vi h s nguyn.
Bi 7. (PTNK) Cho phng trnh
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 3
3 2 3 12 0 1 m x m m x m + + + + = trong l tham s.
a) Tm s nguyn nh nht sao cho phng trnh (1) c hai
nghim phn bit.
b) K hiu

l hai nghim ca (1). Tm s nguyn ln nht
sao cho
2 2
1 2
x x + l mt s nguyn.
Bi 8. (PTNK 2007) Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng phn bit c tng
bng 3. Chng minh rng trong 3 phng trnh
2 2 2
2 0, 2 0, 2 0 x ax b x bx c x cx a + = + = + = c t nht mt
phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit v t nht mt phng trnh v
nghim.

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Bi 9. Cho l cc s thc tha

. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc

Bi 10. Cho l cc s nguyn v l cc nghim ca
phng trnh

tha n ng thc:

Tm tt c cc cp s nguyn .
















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6. H phng trnh
i 1. Gii h phng trnh
1 1 1
2
1 1 1
3
1 1 1
4
x y z
y x z
z x y

+ =

+ =

+ =

i 2. Gii h phng trnh
2 2
2 2
2 2
x y z
y z x
z x y
= +

= +

= +

i 3. Gii h phng trnh :
2 2
2 2
1 1
1
1 1 2
x y
x y xy

+ =

+ = +

i 4. Gii h phng trnh:
2
1 1 1
2
2 1
4
x y z
xy z

+ + =

i 5. T tt c cc s t nhin c 3 ch s sao cho tng cc ch s
chia ht cho 11 v tng p phng cc ch s bng 251.
i 6. Mt nhm hc sinh cn chia u mt ng ko thnh cc phn
qu tng cho cc em nh mt n v nui tr m ci. Nu mi phn
qu gim 6 vin ko th cc em s c thm 5 phn qu na, cn nu mi
phn gim 10 vin ko th cc em s c thm 10 phn qu na. Hi nhm
hc sinh trn c bao nhiu ko?
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i 7. T cc cnh gc vung ca t ta gic vung c cnh huyn
bng 10c v ng cao bng 4,8c.
i 8. tng thng cho cc hc sinh t thnh tch cao trong mt k
thi Olympic ton dnh cho hc sinh lp 9, ban t chc trao 30 phn
thng cho cc hc sinh vi tng gii thng l 2.700.000 ng bao
gm: mi hc sinh t gii nht c 150.000 ng; mi hc sinh t
gii nh c 130.000 ng; mi hc sinh t gii ba c thng
100.000 ng; mi hc sinh t gii khuyn khch c thng 10.00
ng. Bit rng c 10 gii ba v t nht mt gii nh c trao. Hi ban
t chc trao bao nhiu gii nht, bao nhiu gii nh v khuyn khch.
i 9. Cho a thc

chia ht cho a thc

. Chng
inh rng

i 10. Lp 9A c 28 hc sinh ng k d thi vo cc lp chuyn Ton,
L, Ho ca trng Ph Thng Nng Khiu. Trong : khng c hc
sinh no ch chn thi vo lp L hoc ch chn thi vo lp Ho; C t
nht 3 hc sinh chn thi vo c ba lp Ton, T, Ho; S hc sinh chn
thi vo lp Ton v L bng s hc sinh ch thi vo lp Ton; C 6 hc
sinh chn thi vo lp Ton v Ho; S hc sinh chn thi vo lp L v
lp Ho gp 5 ln s hc sinh chn thi vo c 3 lp Ton, L, Ho. Hi
s hc sinh thi vo tng lp l bao nhiu.






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7. Bt ng thc v cc tr
i 1. Cho a, b l cc s dng tho ab = 1. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu
thc: ( )( )
2 2
4
1 A a b a b
a b
= + + + +
+
.
i 2. Cho x, y, z, t l cc s thc bt k thuc on [ 0; 1]. Chng minh
rng:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1 1 1 2 x y y z z t t x + + + s .
i 3. Cho a, b, l cc s dng tho mn:
2 2
1 1 1
2 a b
+ = . Tm gi tr nh
nht ca biu thc K = a + b.
i 4.
a) Cho a, b, c, d l cc s thc dng tho mn: ab = cd =1. Chng
minh bt ng thc:
( )( ) ( ) 4 2 a b c d a b c d + + + > + + + .
b) Cho a, b, c, d l cc s dng tho n iu kin abcd = 1. Chng
minh rng bt ng thc:
( )( ) ( )( ) ac bd ad bc a b c d + + > + + .
i 5. Cho x, y l cc s thc tho n iu kin 1, 1 x y < < . Chng
minh rng:
1
x y
x y
xy
+
+ >
+
.
i 6. Cho cc s dng x, y, z tho:
3 3 3
1 x y z + + = .
Chng minh:
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
1 1 1
x y z
x y z
+ + >

.
i 7. Cho , x ye tha iu kin 2008 xy x y + + = . Tm gi tr nh nht
ca biu thc
2 2
x y +
i 8.
a) Cho a, b, c l 3 s khng m tha iu kin (1)
Chng minh bt ng thc ( )
( )
2 a b c ab bc ac + + s + + (2)
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Hi t (2) c th suy ra (1) hay khng? V sao?
b) Cho a, b, c l 3 s khng m tha iu kin (1) v p, q, r l 3 s
thc tha p + q + r = 0. Chng minh bt ng thc
0 apq bqr crp + + s .
i 9. Cho cc s thc , , , x y z t . Chng minh rng:
( )( )( )( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 0 x y y z z t t x x z y t + >
i 10. Cho cc s thc tha

Chng inh rng

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8. Phng php chng inh phn chng
i 1. Chng inh rng nu s t nhin tha

s nguyn t
th cng s nguyn t.
i 2. Chng inh rng tng bnh phng ca hai s t nhin chia ht
cho 3 th i s phi chia ht cho 3.
i 3. Chng inh rng phng trnh

khng c
nghi nguyn dng.
i 4. C tn ti hay khng t dy s g 50 s sao cho tng ca 7 s
in tip bt k dng v tng 11 s in tip bt k
i 5. Cho cc s thc . Chng inh rng c t nht t
trong ba phng trnh sau c nghi:

i 6. Cho 15 s thc tha n tng ca 8 s bt k n hn tng ca 7
s cn i. Chng inh rng cc s cho u dng.
i 7. Chng inh rng trong t ng gic i th c t nht hai gc t.
i 8. T 8 cc s nguyn dng khng n hn 20, chng inh rng c
th chn ra 3 s di 3 cnh ca t ta gic.
i 9. Ngi ta ghi cc ch s 0, 1, 2, , 9 n t ng trn (i s
xut hin t n).
a) C tn ti hay khng t cch ghi sao cho tng hai s k bn n
hn 10.
b) Chng inh rng khng tn ti t cch ghi sao cho hiu hai s k
nhau nhn t trong cc gi tr sau: - 5, -4, - 3, 3, 4, v 5.
i 10. Mt gii bng g 18 i vng trn t t, i i
gp nhau t n. Trong i t u th 18 i chia thnh 9 cp vi
nhau. Gii din ra c 8 t trn. Chng inh rng tn ti 3 i, i
t cha vi nhau.
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9. Nguyn l dirichlet
i 1. Chng inh rng tn ti t s ch ton cc ch s 0, 1 v chia
ht cho 2011.
i 2. Cho 100 s t nhin. Chng inh rng tn ti t s hoc t s
cc s c tng chia ht cho 100.
i 3.
a) Chng minh rng trong 5 s t nhin bt k lun c 3 s c tng
chia ht cho 3.
b) Chng inh rng trong 17 s t nhin bt k c th chn ra 9 s
c tng chia ht cho 9.
i 4. Chng inh rng trong 11 s t nhin, c th chn ra 2 s c hiu
bnh phng chia ht cho 20.
i 5. Cho 69 s nguyn dng phn bit khng vt qu 100. CMR c
th chn c 4 sa, b, c, d sao cho a < b < c v a + b + c = d.
i 6.
a) Mt t cuc hp quc t c 6 ngi tha d. Gia hai ngi bt
k c th giao tip vi nhau bng ting nh hoc ting Php.
Chng inh rng c th chn ra 3 ngi, c th giao tip n
nhau ch bng t ngn ng.
b) Gii bi ton trn trong trng hp 17 ngi v s dng 3 ngn
ng.
i 7. Trong t hnh vung c di bng 2 c 5 i. Chng inh
rng tn ti 2 i c khong cch khng n hn
i 8. Ngi ta t t ng trn c bn knh 1 bng hai u xanh hoc
. it rng tng di cc cung c t u xanh nh hn 3. Chng
inh rng tn ti hai i v trn ng trn t cng u .
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i 9. Cho t hnh vung v 9 ung thng sao cho i ng thng
chia hnh vung ra thnh hai phn c t s din tch 2:3. Chng inh
rng c t nht 3 ng thng cng i qua t i.
i 10. Xt 81 ch s, trong c 9 ch s 1, 9 ch s 2, , 9 ch s 9.
Hi c th xp c hay khng tt c cc ch s ny thnh mt dy, sao
cho vi mi k = 1, 2, , 9 trong i khong gia hai ch s k lin tip
c ng k ch s ?

















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10. Nguyn l bt bin
i 1. C 2011 ng xu trn bn, i ng xu c hai t Hnh v Quc
huy. Lc u 2011 ng xu u c t hnh pha trn. C i n ngi ta
y bn ng xu v t ngc i (i ng xu c th c i nhiu n). Hi
sau t s hu hn cc n i th c ton b 2011 ng xu nga t Quc
huy n trn khng Ti sao
i 2. Mt hnh trn c chia 6 cung, trong vit cc s 1,0,1,0,0,0
(theo chiu ngc chiu quay ca ki ng h). Mi mt ln thc hin, bn c
th cng hai s cnh nhau vi 1. Hi c th xy ra trng hp sau mt s ln
thc hin tt c cc s trn cc cung trn bng nhau hay khng?
i 3. S nguyn dng c 4 ch s trn bng c th bin i thnh mt s c
4 ch s khc theo quy tc sau: hoc cng thm 1 vo hai ch s lin tip ca
n, nu hai ch s ny u khng bng 9; hoc tr i 1 t hai ch s lin tip
ca n, nu hai ch s ny u khng bng 0. Hi bng cc php bin i nh
vy, c th thu c s 2002 t s 1234?
i 4. Cho mt bn c quc t 88. Hi rng qun m c th i nc u tin
t di cng bn tri v kt thc trn cng bn phi hay khng? Vi iu
kin n phi i qua tt c cc trn bn c v mi ch i qua ng t ln.
i 5. Cho mt mnh vung 4 x 4. Trn cc ca hnh vung ny, ban u
ngi ta ghi 9 s 1 v 7 s 0 mt cch tu ( mi mt s). Vi mi php bin
i bng, cho php chn mt hng hoc mt ct bt k v trn hng hoc ct
c chn i ng thi cc s 0 thnh 1, cc s 1 thnh 0. Chng minh rng
sau mt s hu hn cc php bin i nh vy, ta khng th a bng ban u
v ton cc s 0.
i 6. Trn bng ngi ta ghi cc s t 1 n 2010. Mi n ngi ta thay hai
s bt k bng tng hoc hiu ca n. Hi sau 2009 n thay i, iu s cn i
trn bng c th s 0 c khng Ti sao
i 7. vng quc Sc mu k o c 45 hip s: 13 hip s tc , 15 hip
s tc vng v 17 hip s tc xanh. Khi hai hip s gp nhau th mu tc ca h
s i sang mu tc th ba ( v d nu hip s tc xanh gp hip s tc vng th
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mu tc ca h s thnh u ). Hi sau mt hu hn ln gp nhau th Sc
mu k o tt c cc hip s c cng u tc c khng?
i 8. Mt hnh trn c chia thnh 14 hnh qut. Mi hnh t mt vin bi.
Ta thc hin mt nc i nh sau: Mi ln 2 vin bi 2 hnh qut khc nhau di
chuyn sang 2 hnh qut k vi 2 nhng theo chiu ngc nhau. Hi rng
sau mt s ln thc hin nc i ta c th a tt c cc vin bi v cng mt
khng?
Bi 9. Cho dy s {x
n
} v {y
n
} xc nh bi: x
0
=1, y
0
=0 v x
n+1
=(5x
n
-
12y
n
)/13, y
n
=(12x
n
+5y
n
)/13. Tnh x
n
2
+y
n
2
vi n = 10
6
.
Bi 10. Mt bo tng g 16 phng hnh ta gic nh hnh v. Hai
phng c chung cnh th c th i t phng ny qua phng kia. Mt
ngi mun i tha quan ht tt c cc phng v khng mun quay li
phng nh xe, vy hi ngi c th thc hin c khng? Ti
sao?











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11. nh ng hnh hc
Bi 1. Cho tam gic c Z .
a) Tnh di cnh v din tch tam gic .
b) Tnh bn knh ng trn ngoi tip v ni tip tam gic .
i 2. Cho ng trn v ng trn tip xc ngoi nhau.
Gi l tip tuyn chung ngoi ca hai ng trn.
a) Tnh di theo .
b) Gi ng trn tip xc ngoi vi v v tip xc
vi . Tnh bn knh ng trn .
Bi 3. Cho tam gic nhn ni tip ng trn . Gi l trc
tm tam gic .
a) Chng minh rng
. .
4
ABC
AB AC BC
S
R
= .
b) Gi s cng thuc mt ng trn. Tnh
OK
BC
vi l
trung im .
Bi 4. (PTNK 2006 2007AB) Cho t gic ni tip ng trnh
tm , c AC BD v ct ti . Bit rng
.
a) Chng minh rng tam gic cn.
b) Gi ln t trung im ca v . Tnh di on
.
c) Gi giao im ca v Tnh di on .
Bi 5. (PTNK 2003) Cho tam gic vung ti , c ng cao
1
.
H

vung gc

vung gc . t

.
a) Gi v bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic , v tam
gic tng ng. Hy tnh t s
r
r
'
theo v . Suy ra gi tr
ln nht ca t s
b) Chng minh rng t gic ni tip trong mt ng trn.
Tnh bn knh ca ng trn theo v .
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i 6. (PTNK 2002) Cho ng trn ng knh v im
thay i trn ( khng trng v ). ng phn gic trong
ca gc ca tam gic ct ng trn ti im (khc ).
H vung gc vi
a) t . Tnh din tch ca tam gic theo v .
Tm sao cho t gi tr ln nht.
b) Chng minh rng khi thay i, tng
2 2
AH HK + lun lun l
mt i ng khng i.
c) Tnh gc ca tam gic bit rng
3
5
AN
HK
= .
Bi 7. (PTNK 2001) Cho t gic li c vung gc vi v
.
a) ng thng ct ti . Tnh .
b) Tnh din tch ca t gic .
Bi 8. Cho tam gic , gi s cc ng phn gic trong v phn gic
ngoi ca gc ca tam gic ln t ct ng thng ti
v c . Chng minh rng , vi l
bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic .
Bi 9. Cho t gic vi
0 0 0
60 , 90 , 120 DAB ABC BCD = = = . ng
cho v ct nhau ti . Nu v . Tnh
din tch t gic .
Bi 10. Cho tam gic cn vi , gi chn ng cao
h t nh . im E trn cnh AB sao cho
0
18 ACE ECB = = . Nu
D = 3, tnh di on thng CE.






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12. Thng hng
i 1. Cho ta gic CD. Cc im M thuc AB, N thuc AC v P, Q
thuc BC sao cho MNPQ l hnh ch nht. Gi I giao im ca MP v
NQ, gi D trung im ca ng cao AH ca tam gic ABC, E l
trung im cnh BC. Chng minh rng D, I, E thng hng.
Bi 2. Cho AABC nhn, ni tip ng trn (O). Cc phn gic ca cc
gc A, B, C ct nhau ti I v ct (O) ln t ti D, E, F.
a) Chng minh rng: ABDI l tam gic cn.
b) Gi P giao im ca v DF, Q giao im ca ca AC v
DE. Chng minh rng: P, I, Q thng hng.
Bi 3. Cho tam gic ABC. ng trn tm O ni tip tam gic ABC
tip xc vi cnh , AB AC ln t ti , D E. BO ct DE ti . F
a) Chng minh t gic OEFC ni tip
b) Gi M, N ln t trung im ca AB, BC. Chng minh rng F,
M, N thng hng.
i 4. Cho ta gic C c cc ng cao AD, BE v CF. Gi P, Q, R,
S ln t l hnh chiu ca D trn cc ng thng AB, DE, CF v AC.
Chng minh rng P, Q, R, S thng hng.
i 5. (PTNK 2009) Cho t gic ABCD ni tip ng trn (O) (Z A >
90
0
). ng thng qua A vung gc vi AB ct CD ti E, ng thng
qua A vung gc vi AC ct BD ti F. Gi P i i xng ca A qua
EF.
a) Chng inh 4 im E, F, P, C cng thuc mt ng trn.
b) Chng minh E, O, F thng hng.
i 6. Cho tam gic ABC nhn. ng trn t O ng knh BC ct
AB, AC ti F v E. Gi H giao im ca BE v CF.
a) Tip tuyn ca (O) ti E v F ct nhau ti I. Chng minh I, A, H
thng hng
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b) T A v tip tuyn M, N n (O) (M, N l cc tip im).
Chng minh M, H, N thng hng.
i 7. Cho ng trn (O) v im P n ngoi ng trn. T P v hai
tip tuyn P v P n (O) (A, B l hai tip im). Mt ct tuyn qua P
ct ng trn ti C, D.
a) Gi H trung im ca AB. Chng minh O, H, C, D cng thuc
mt ng trn.
b) Tip tuyn ti C v D ct nhau ti Q. Chng minh Q thuc ng
thng AB.
i 8. Cho tam gic ABC ngoi tip ng trn I. Gi D l tip im ca
(I) vi BC. Chng minh rng trung i C, trung im AD v I thng
hng.
i 9. (BAMO 2001) Cho JHIZ l hnh ch nht. Ly , C hai im
trn cnh ZI v ZJ. ng thng qua A vung gc vi CH ct HI ti X,
ng thng qua C vung gc vi AH ct HJ ti Y. Chng minh rng X,
Y, Z thng hng.
i 10. Cho hai ng trn (O) v (O') ct nhau ti A v B. Mt ct
tuyn di ng quanh A ct (O), (O') ti P, Q. Gi I, J ln t l trung
im ca AP, AQ.
a) Chng minh rng: ng trung trc ca IJ un i qua t im
c nh.
b) ng vung gc vi PQ ti P v Q ct (O), (O') ti N, M. Chng
minh rng: N, B, M thng hng.




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13. im thuc ng c nh ng qua im c nh
Bi 1. Cho tam gic ABC vung ti . Trn cc tia i ca tia BA v CA
ly cc im D, E sao cho BD = CE. Chng minh rng ng trung trc
ca DE un i qua t im c nh.
Bi 2. (S dng cc bi ton quen thuc) Cho tam gic ABC ni tip
ng trn (O). M l mt im thuc cung BC khng cha A. Gi D, E
l hnh chiu ca A trn MB v MC.
a) Chng minh rng DE un i qua t im c nh.
b) Gi I, K i i xng ca M qua AB, AC. Chng minh rng KI
un i qua t im c nh.
i 3. Cho hai ng trn (O) v (I) ct nhau ti A v B. Mt ct tuyn
thay i qua A ct (O) ti C v ct (I) ti D (A nm gia C v D). Chng
minh rng trung trc ca on CD un i qua t im c nh.
i 4. Cho ng trn t O bn knh R v im A. Dy cung BC ca
(O) thay i nhng c di khng i R3. Chng minh rng trng
tm ca tam gic ABC lun thuc mt ng c nh.
Bi 5. Cho tam gic ABC ni tip trong ng trn (C ) v M l mt
i thay i trn cung nh C, N i i xng ca M qua trung
im I ca AB. Chng minh trc tm K ca tam gic ANB nm trn mt
ng trn c nh.
i 6. Cho ta gic u C. P im nm trong tam gic
a) Tm tp hp cc im P sao cho hnh chiu ca P trn cc cnh to
thnh mt tam gic cn.
b) Gi x, y, z l khong cch t P n cc cnh BC, AC v AB. Tm
qu tch cc i P sao cho x, y, z di ba cnh ca mt tam
gic.
i 7. Cho hai ng trn (O) v (I) ct nhau ti A v B. Mt ct tuyn
thay i qua A ct (O) ti C, ct (I) ti D sao cho A nm gia C v D.
Tip tuyn ti C ca (O) v tip tuyn ti D ca (I) ct nhau ti P.
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a) ng trn ngoi tip ta gic PCD un i qua t im c nh
b) Gi H v K l hnh chiu ca P trn PC v PD. Chng minh rng
HK lun tip xc vi mt ng trn c nh.
i 8. Cho hnh vung CD. M t im thuc cnh CD. V CH
AM v gi K giao im ca BH v AC. Chng minh rng t ng
trn ngoi tip tam gic ADK thuc mt ng c nh.
i 9. Cho ta gic C. M t i thay i trn cnh AB v AC.
Gi D v E ln t i i xng ca M qua AB v AC. Chng minh
rng trung im ca DE thuc mt ng thng c nh.
i 10. Cho hnh vung CD. Trn hai cnh CB v CD ly hai im
M, N sao cho Z MAN = 45
0
. Chng minh rng ng thng MN lun
tip xc mt ng trn c nh.












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14. t ng thc v cc tr hnh hc
i 1. Cho di 3 cnh ca t ta gic. Chng inh rng

cng di ba cnh ca t ta gic,

i 2. C tn ti hai khng t ng cao c di n t
?
i 3. Cho t gic i CD c ZBAD = ZBCD = 90
0
, v tia K
phn gic ZD. Nu K C, K CD v K giao vi D ti E.
chng inh E CD.
i 4. Cho tam gic C trng t G. Chng inh rng t ng
thng bt k qua G chia ta gic thnh hai phn c hiu din tch khng
n hn 19 din tch ta gic C.
i 5. Chng inh rng trong t t gic tch hai ng cho khng n
hn tng tch hai ng cho.
i 6. Cho tam gic ABC c din tch S v mt im P nm trong tam
gic.
a) Gi S
1
, S
2
, S
3
ln t l din tch ca cc tam gic PBC, PCA v
P. Hy xc nh gi tr nh nht ca
2 2 2
1 2 3
S S S + +
i 7. Gi P
1
, P
2
, P
3
ln t cc i i xng ca P qua BC, CA v
. ng thng i qua P
1
v song song vi BC ct AB v AC ti B
1
v
C
1
. ng thng i qua P
2
v song song vi AC ct BC v BA ti C
2
v
A
2
. ng thng i qua P
3
v song song vi AB ct CA v CB ti A
3
v
B
3
. Hy xc nh v tr i P tng din tch 3 hnh thang BCC
1
B
1
,
CAA
2
C
2
v ABA
3
B
3
t gi tr nh nht v tnh gi tr .
i 8. Cho ta gic C ngoi tip ng trn (I). ng thng d
1

song song vi C tip xc vi (I) v ct , C ti
1
v
2
, cc cp
i (
1
, B
2
) v (C
1
, C
2
) c xc nh tng t. T gi tr nh nht
ca biu thc:
1 2 1 2 1 2
AA A BB B CC C
ABC
S S S
P
S
+ +
=
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i 9. Cho tam gic nhn C. i D di ng trn cnh BC. Gi O
1
,
O
2
ln t t ng trn ngoi tip cc tam gic ABD v ACD.
a) Chng minh rng ng trn ngoi tip tam gic AO
1
O
2
un i
qua mt im c nh khc A.
b) Gi O t ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC v I l tm
ng trn ngoi tip tam gic AO
1
O
2
. Hy xc nh v tr ca
im D trn BC sao cho IO l nh nht.
i 10. Cho gc xy vung v hai im B, C ln t trn cc tia Ay,
y. Hnh vung MNPQ c cc nh M thuc cnh , nh N thuc
cnh C v cc nh P, Q thuc cnh BC.
a) Tnh cnh hnh vung MNPQ theo cnh C = a v ng cao AH
= h ca tam gic ABC.
b) Cho , C thay i ln t trn cc tia Ax, Ay sao cho tch AB.
AC = k
2
( k khng i). Tm gi tr ln nht ca din tch hnh
vung MNPQ.