7/31/12 Screw Pumps (Pump Handbook)

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High flow and high head pumps Trailer mounted and in stock
www.pioneerpump.co.uk
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7/31/12 Screw Pumps (Pump Handbook)
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3.99
SECTION3.7
SCREWPUMPS
Screwpumpsareaspecialtypeofrotarypositivedisplacementpumpinwhichtheflow
throughthepumpingelementsistrulyaxial. Theliquidiscarriedbetweenscrewthreads
ononeormorerotorsandisdisplacedaxiallyasthescrewsrotateandmesh(seeFigure
1). Inallotherrotarypumps, theliquidisforcedtotravelcircumferentially, thusgivingthe
screwpumpwithitsuniqueaxialflowpatternandlowinternalvelocitiesanumberof
advantagesinmanyapplicationswhereliquidagitationorchurningisobjectionable.
Theapplicationsofscrewpumpscoveradiversifiedrangeofmarketsincludingnavy,
marine, andutilitiesfueloilservices; marinecargo; industrialoilburners; lubricatingoil
services; chemical processes; petroleumand crude oil industries; power hydraulics for
navyandmachinetools; andmanyothers. Thescrewpumpcanhandleliquidsinarange
ofviscosities, frommolassestogasoline, aswellassyntheticliquidsinapressurerange
from50to5000lb/in
2
(3.5to350bar)andflowsupto8000gal/min(1820m
3
/h).
Becauseoftherelativelylowinertiaoftheirrotatingparts, screwpumpsarecapable
ofoperatingathigherspeedsthanotherrotaryorreciprocatingpumpsofcomparabledis-
placement. Someturbine-attachedlubricatingoilpumpsoperateat10,000rpmandeven
higher. Screwpumps, likeotherrotarypositivedisplacementpumps, areself-primingand
haveadeliveryflowcharacteristic, whichisessentiallyindependentofpressure, provided
thereissufficientviscosityintheliquidbeingpumped.
Screwpumpsaregenerallyclassifiedintosingle-ormultiple-rotortypes. Thelatteris
furtherdividedintotimedanduntimedcategories.
Thesingle-screworprogressivecavitypump(seeFigure2)hasarotorthreadthatis
eccentrictotheaxisofrotationandmesheswithinternalthreadsofthestator(rotorhous-
ingorbody). Alternatively, thestatorismadetowobblealongthepumpcenterline.
Multiple-screw pumps are available in a variety of configurations and designs. All
employonedrivenrotorinameshandoneormoresealingrotors. Severalmanufacturers
havetwobasicconfigurationsavailable: single-end(inFigure3)anddouble-end(inFigure
4)construction, ofwhichthelatteristhebetterknown.

3.100 CHAPTERTHREE
Diagramsofscrewandgearelements, showing(a)axialand(b)circumferentialflow.
Thesingle-screworprogressivecavitypump
7/31/12 Screw Pumps (Pump Handbook)
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Multiple-screwsingle-endarrangement.
As with everypump type, certain advantages anddisadvantages can befound in a
screwpumpdesign. Theseshouldberecognizedwhenselectingthebestpumpforapar-
ticularapplication. The ofascrewpumpdesignareasfollows:
Awiderangeofflowsandpressures
Awiderangeofliquidsandviscosities
Highspeedcapability, allowingthefreedomofdriverselection
Lowinternalvelocities
Self-priming, withgoodsuctioncharacteristics
Ahightoleranceforentrainedairandothergases

3.7SCREWPUMPS 3.101
Mutliple-screwdouble-endarrangement.
Lowvelocitiesforminimumchurningorfoaming
Lowmechanicalvibration, pulsation-freeflow, andquietoperation
Arugged, compactdesignthatiseasytoinstallandmaintain
Hightolerancetocontaminationincomparisonwithotherrotarypumps
The areasfollows:
Arelativelyhighcostbecauseofclosetolerancesandrunningclearances
Performancecharacteristicssensitivetoviscositychanges
Highpressurecapabilityrequireslongpumpingelements
THEORY____________________________________________________________
Inscrewpumps, itistheintermeshingofthethreadsontherotorsandtheclosefitofthe
surroundinghousingthatcreatesoneormoresetsofmovingsealsinaseriesbetweenthe
pumpinletandoutlet. Thesesetsofsealsorlocks, astheyaresometimesreferredto, act
asalabyrinthandprovidethescrewpumpwithitspositivepressurecapability. Thesuc-
cessivesetsofsealsformfullyenclosedcavities(seeFigure5)thatmovecontinuouslyfrom
inlettooutlet. Thesecavitiestrapliquidattheinletandcarryitalongtotheoutlet, pro-
vidingasmoothflow.
Delivery Becausethescrewpumpisapositivedisplacementdevice, itwilldeliveradef-
initequantityofliquidwitheveryrevolutionoftherotors. Thisdeliverycanbedefinedin
termsofdisplacementvolume V
D
, whichisthetheoreticalvolumedisplacedperrevolu-
tionoftherotorsandisdependentonlyuponthephysicaldimensionsoftherotors. Itis
generallymeasuredincubicinches(cubicmillimeters)perrevolution. Thisdeliverycan
alsobedefinedintermsoftheoreticalcapacityorflowrate Q
t
measuredinU.S. gallons
perminute(cubicmetersperhour), whichisafunctionofdisplacementandspeedN :
InUSCunits:
InSIunits:
Ifnointernalclearancesexisted, thepumpsactualdeliveredornetflowrate Q would
equalthetheoreticalflowrate. Clearances, however, doexistwiththeresultthatwhen-
everapressuredifferentialoccurs, therewillalwaysbeinternalleakagefromoutletto
inlet. This leakage, commonly called slip S, varies depending upon the pump type or
Q
t
6 10
8
V
D
N
Q
t

V
D
N
231
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