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GV: Cao Hong Nam

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Chuyn : NG DNG GII H PHNG TRNH, H BT PHNG TRNH
CHNG MINH BT NG THC
Bi vit trao i mt phng php chng minh bt ng thc di ci nhn ca vic i tm li
gii ca h phng trnh v h bt phng trnh.

V d 1: Cho cc s thc x, y tho mn: x
2
- xy + y
2
= 3.
Tm GTLN, GTNN ca biu thc: G = x
2
+ xy - 2y
2

Gii
Ta c th xt h:
2 2
2 2
3 (1)
2 (2)
x xy y
x xy y G
+ =

+ =

.
Nhn xt: y l h ng cp bc 2. T ta c cch gii bi ton nh sau:
Ly (2) chia (1)
2 2
2 2
2
3
G x xy y
x xy y
+
=
+

Xt
1
0
3 2
G
x = =


Xt 0. x = t y tx =
( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2 2
1 2
1 2
3 1 1
x t t
G t t
t t x t t
+
+
= =
+ +

t
2
2
1 2
( )
1
t t
f t
t t
+
=
+
, t e

2
2
6 2
'( )
1
t t
f t
t t
+
=
+
;
1
2
3 7
'( ) 0
3 7
t
f t
t

= +
=
=


Ta c: lim ( ) 2
t
f t

= ;
1 2
1 2 7 1 2 7
( ) ; ( )
3 3
f t f t
+
= =
Vy
1 2 7 1 2 7
1 2 7 1 2 7
3 3 3
G
G
+
s s s s +
V d 2: Cho a, b l cc s dng tha mn: 3 ab a b + + = . Tm GTLN ca biu thc:
2 2
3 3
1 1
a b ab
A a b
b a a b
= + +
+ + +

Gii
Xt h:
2 2
3 3
(1)
(*) 1 1
3 (2)
a b ab
a b P
b a a b
ab a b

+ + =

+ + +

+ + =


Nhn xt: h dng tng tch. T ta c cch gii bi ton nh sau:
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
3
(*) (**)
( 1)(1 )
3
a a b b
ab
A a b
b a a b
ab a b

+ + +
= +

+ + +

= +


t ; S a b P ab = + = . Ch h c nghim th
2
4 S P >
GV: Cao Hong Nam
Trang 2


( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2
3 2
2
(**)
1
3
a b ab a b
ab
a b ab A
ab a b a b
ab a b

+ + +

+ + + =


+ + + +

+ + =



( )
2
2
3 2
2
1
3
S P S
P
S P A
S P S
P S

+ + =


+ +


( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
3 2 3
3
2 3
3 1
3
1 12
2
4
3
S S S
S
S S A
S
P S
S S A
S
P S

+ + =

| |
+ + + =

\ .


Li c
2
3 2
4
S
P S S = s > (a, b l cc s dng)
Xt hm: ( )
2
12
( ) 2 2 g t t t t
t
= + + + >
2
12
'( ) 2 1 0, 2 g t t t
t
= + < >
2
max ( ) (2) 6 6
t
g t g A
>
= = s
Vy:
3
max
2
P = khi 1 a b = =
Ch : iu kin
2
4 S P >
V d 3: (i hc khi B 2012): Cho cc s thc x, y, z tha mn cc iu kin 0 x y z + + = v
2 2 2
1. x y z + + = Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc
5 5 5
. A x y z = + +
Gii
Xt:
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
0
1
2 2 2 1 1
z x y
z x y x y z
x y z
x y xy x y x y
= +
= + + + =



+ + =
+ + = + + + =


( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
5
5 5 5 5 5
5 5 5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5
3 2 2 3
2 2
2 2
5 10 10 5
5 2 2
5
5 1
2 2
A x y z x y x y
x y x x y x y x y xy y
xy x x y xy y
xy x y x xy y
xy x y do x y xy
= + + = + +
= + + + + + +
= + + +
= + + +
| |
= + + + =
|
\ .

Bi ton tr thnh: Cho 2 s thc
2 2
1
2
x y xy + + = . Tm Max
5
( )
2
A xy x y = +
t , S x y P xy = + = iu kin
2
4 S P > . Theo gi thit ta c:
GV: Cao Hong Nam
Trang 3

2
2 2
1 1 6 6
2 2 4 3 3
S
S P P S S = = s s s
Ta c:
( )
2 3
5 5 1 5
2
2 2 2 4
P SP S S S S
| |
= = =
|
\ .

t: f(S) =
3
5 5
2 4
S S +
f(S) =
2
15 5
2 4
S +
f(S) = 0 S =
6
6

Ta c:
6 6 5 6 6 6 5 6
;
3 6 36 6 3 36
f f f f
| | | | | | | |
= = = =
| | | |
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .

Vy Max A =
5 6
36

V d 4: (i hc khi D nm 2012)Cho cc s thc x, y tha mn (x 4)
2
+ (y 4)
2
+ 2xy s 32.
Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc A = x
3
+ y
3
+ 3(xy 1)(x + y 2)
Gii
t ; S x y P xy = + = iu kin
2
4 S P >
2
4
S
P s
Gi thit:
2 2
( 4) ( 4) 2 32 x y xy + + s ( )
2 2
8 2 0 x y x y xy + + + s

2
( ) 8( ) 0 x y x y + + s
0 8 x y s + s
0 8 S s s
Ta c: A =
3 3
3( 1)( 2) x y xy x y + + +
( ) ( )
3 3
3 3 6 x y xy x y x y = + + + + +
=
3
( ) 6 3( ) 6 x y xy x y + + +

3
6 3 6 S P S = +

2
3
6 3 6
4
S
S S > +
A
3 2
3
3 6
2
S S S > +
Xt f(S) =
3 2
3
3 6
2
S S S + f(S) =
2
3 3 3 S S

f(S) = 0 khi S =
1 5
2
+

f(0) = 6, f(8) = 398, f(
1 5
2
+
) =
17 5 5
4


Vy
17 5 5
4
MinA

=
GV: Cao Hong Nam
Trang 4

Bi tp tham kho:
Bai 1. (B-2011) Cho a v b l cc s thc dng tha mn: ( ) ( )( ). 2 2
2 2
+ + = + + ab b a ab b a
Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
3 3 2 2
3 3 2 2
4 9 .
a b a b
A
b a b a
| | | |
= + +
| |
\ . \ .

Hng dn: t
a b
t
b a
= + . Gi thit tnh S theo P tm k ca n S., tm k ca t ri kho st A.
p s:
23
min
4
A =
Bai 2. (B-2009) Cho cc s thc x, y thay i tha mn ( ) . 2 4
3
> + + xy y x Tm gi tr nh nht ca
biu thc
( ) ( ) . 1 2 3
2 2 2 2 4 4
+ + + + = y x y x y x A
Hng dn: t
2 2
t x y = + . Da vo gi thit kt hp k S, P tm k ca S t tm k ca t
ri kho st A.
p s:
9
min
16
A =
Bai 3. (D-2009) Cho cc s thc khng m x, y thay i v tha mn x + y = 1. Tm gi tr ln nht v
gi tr nh nht ca biu thc A = (4x
2
+ 3y)(4y
2
+ 3x) + 25xy.
Hng dn: t S, P kt hp iu kin gii bnh thng.
p s:
25 191
max , min
2 16
S S = =
Bai 4. (B-2008) Cho hai s thc x, y thay i v tho mn h thc x
2
+ y
2
= 1. Tm gi tr ln nht v
gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
2
2
2(x 6xy)
P
1 2xy 2y
+
=
+ +

Hng dn: Thay
2 2
1 x y = + . Gii tng t VD1
p s: max 3; min 6 P P = =

Bai 5. (A-2006) Cho cc s thc 0 , 0 = = y x thay i tha mn iu kin ( ) .
2 2
xy y x xy y x + = +
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc .
1 1
3 3
y x
A + =
p s: max 16 A=

--------------------------------------------
2h30 ngy 01 thng 8 nm 2012

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