MN HC:

NHIT NG LC HC K THUT

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CHNG 2:

NH LUT NHIT NG TH NHT

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Chng 2

Cng

1. CNG
Trong h thng kn Trong h thng h

Cng thay i th tch

Cng lu ng + cng k thut Cng khng phi l thng s trng thi

3

Ch
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Chng 2

Cng

Cng thay i th tch

p1

1 p 2
p1

- Khi G = 1 kg:
1 b c 2

p2

w tt = p.dv
1

p2 V 1 dV V2

- Khi G 1 kg:
V1 V2

p f
x1 dx x2

Wtt = G pdv
1

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Chng 2

Cng

Cng lu ng
G 1 p1 v1
1 F1

- Khi G = 1 kg:
2 p2 2 v2 F2

w l = d (pv )
1

- Khi G 1 kg:

F G= = const v
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Wl = G d(pv )
1

Chng 2

Cng

Cng k thut
p
p2

- Khi G = 1 kg:
l kt

w kt = vdp
1
V1

p1 V 2 Van thai Van nap CT a

- Khi G 1 kg:

Wkt = G vdp
1
CD

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Chng 2

Cng

Quy c du ca cng
H thng sinh cng: W>0 H thng nhn cng: W < 0 V d: Kho st mt h thng nhit ng ban u c p1, t1, V1. Sau khi cho h thng tin hnh mt qu trnh th ta nhn c mt cng l 500 kJ,
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W = 500 kJ

Chng 2

Nhit lng

2. NHIT LNG
L lng nng lng i xuyn qua b mt ranh gii khi gia cht mi gii v mi trng c s chnh lch nhit .

Quy c du:

H thng nhn nhit: Q > 0 H thng nh nhit: Nhit lng khng phi l thng s trng thi
8

Q<0

Ch
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Chng 2

Nhit lng

Xc nh nhit lng theo bin thin entropy

Theo nh ngha entropy:

q ds = T

q = Tds

Nhit lng trao i trong mt qu trnh hu hn t 1 n 2 ng vi 1 kg cht mi gii:

q = T.ds
1

q = T(s 2 s1 ) , kJ/kg

Ch

Ch p dng cng thc ny tnh nhit lng cho qu trnh thun nghch
9

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Chng 2

Nhit lng

Xc nh nhit lng theo nhit dung ring

Nhit lng trao i trong mt qu trnh khi c s thay i nhit :

q = c.dT

q = c(T2 T1 )

Trong : c Nhit dung ring ca cht mi gii Nhit dung ring l g??? Lm sao xc nh y???
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10

Chng 2

Nhit lng

Nhit dung ring

L nhit lng cn thit lm cho mt n v cht mi gii bin i 1 theo mt qu trnh no . C cc loi nhit dung ring sau: Nhit dung ring khi lng ng tch: cv , kJ/kgK Nhit dung ring khi lng ng p: cp , kJ/kgK Nhit dung ring th tch ng tch: cv Nhit dung ring th tch ng p: cp Nhit dung ring kmol ng tch: cv Nhit dung ring kmol ng p: cp
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, kJ/m3K , kJ/m3K , kJ/kmolK , kJ/kmolK

11

Chng 2

Nhit lng

Nhit dung ring (tt)

Quan h gia cc loi nhit dung ring:

c v = c v = 22,4.cv
kcal/kmolK cv 3 5 7 cp 5 7 9

c p = c p = 22,4.cp
kJ/kmolK cv 12,6 20,9 29,3 cp 20,9 29,3 37,7 cp cv

Bng nhit dung ring ca cht kh:

Kh l tng Kh 1 nguyn t Kh 2 nguyn t Kh 3 nguyn t tr ln k=

1,667 1,4 1,286

12

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Chng 2

Nhit lng

Nhit dung ring ca hn hp kh l tng

c vhh = g1c v1 + g 2 c v 2 + ... + g n c v n = g i c vi , kJ/kgK

i =1
n

c phh = g1c p1 + g 2 c p2 + ... + g n c p n = g i c pi , kJ/kgK

i =1

k hh =
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c phh c vhh
13

Chng 2

nh lut nhit ng th nht

3. NH LUT NHIT NG TH NHT

y l nh lut bo ton v chuyn ha nng lng trong phm v nhit ng. - Khi G 1 kg:

Q = U + Wtt Q = I + Wkt

- Khi G = 1 kg:

q = u + w tt q = i + w kt

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14

Chng 2

nh lut nhit ng th nht

3. NH LUT NHIT NG TH NHT (tt)

- Vit di dng v cng b:

q = du + pdv q = di vdp
- Vit cho kh l tng:

q = c v dT + pdv q = c p dT vdp
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15