BI DNG VN HA NGY MI - 18A/88 INH VN T - TP.

HI DNG
TP CH HA HC & TUI TR HOAHOC.ORG
Sng lp: Ng Xun Qunh - 0979.817.885 0936.717.885 Ym: netthubuon admin@hoahoc.org
2012 TP CH
VI BN
C
T

p

C
h

a

H

c

&

T
u

i

T
r

w
w
w
.
h
o
a
h
o
c
.
o
r
g

M

i

s

s
a
o

c
h

p

v

n
g

t

i

l
i

u

c

a

h
o
a
h
o
c
.
o
r
g

c

n

g
h
i

r

n
g
u

n

t
r

c
h

d

n

(
T
r

c
h

t
h
e
o
:

w
w
w
.
h
o
a
h
o
c
.
o
r
g
)

TP CH HA HC & TUI TR TR LI


Mt ng nghip c fb: https://www.facebook.com/le.ngoc.3785373, hin nay ang cng tc ti
trng THPT Quang Trung Ninh Giang Hi Dng gi ti chng ti mt vn cn trao i:
Bi ton nh t t hn hp mui cacbonat v hidrocacbonat vo H
+
khi H
+
khng to
lng CO
2
ti a th nn lm th no?

C th ni y l mt dng ton kh hay, n c cc em hc sinh bit t khi hc lp 9 cho ti lp
12. Nhng mi cp bc ca lp hc th mc chng ta xt li khc nhau. Vn m /c hi l vn
chng ta xt cp ha hc 12 , i hi vic hiu ng v bn cht ca qu trnh phn ng.
Vn m nhiu thy c khi ging dy v truyn t ti cc em hc sinh thng l dng ton ngc
li:
CHO T T AXIT VO HN HP MUI
Ban u s l phn ng:
2
3 3
H CO HCO
+
+ phn ng ny din ra cho ti khi lng
2
3
CO

phn
ng ht th s c tip phn ng:
3 2 2
H HCO CO H O
+
+ + .
Phng php gii bi tp dng ny chc chn c nhc v lm bi tp rt nhiu nn chng ti s
khng ng ti y na. Quay tr li vi iu m bn hi .
CHO T T HN HP MUI VO AXIT
Khi cho rt t t dung dch mui cacbonat (hoc hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat) vo dung
dch xy ra nh sau:
2
3 2 2
3 2 2
CO 2H CO H O
HCO H CO H O
+
+
+ | +
+ | +

Trc tin chng ti a ra mt v d sau bn s t nhn v rt ra phng php v cch lm

Bi tp 1: Nh t t 200ml dung dch X (K
2
CO
3
1M v NaHCO
3
0,5M) vo 200ml dung dch HCl 2M th
th tch kh CO
2
thu c (ktc) l:
A. 4,48lt B. 5,376lt C. 8,96lt D. 4,48lt
Bi gii
2
3 3
H
CO HCO
n 0, 2mol n 0,1mol n 0, 4mol
+

= = =

( ) 2
3 3
H
CO HCO
n 2n n
+

< +
nn H
+
ht
Ta c:
2
3
3
CO
HCO
n
2
n

=

Gi s mol ca
3
HCO

phn ng l x, suy ra s mol ca

2
3
CO

phn ng l 2x
2
3
CO

+ 2H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O

(1)
2x mol 4xmol 2xmol

3
HCO

+ H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O (2)
x mol xmol xmol
S mol HCl: 4x+ x = 0,4 x=0,08mol =>
2
CO
V
= 3.0,08.22,4 = 5,376 (lt) Chn p n B.
BI DNG VN HA NGY MI - 18A/88 INH VN T - TP.HI DNG
TP CH HA HC & TUI TR HOAHOC.ORG
Sng lp: Ng Xun Qunh - 0979.817.885 0936.717.885 Ym: netthubuon admin@hoahoc.org
2012 TP CH
VI BN
C
T

p

C
h

a

H

c

&

T
u

i

T
r

w
w
w
.
h
o
a
h
o
c
.
o
r
g

M

i

s

s
a
o

c
h

p

v

n
g

t

i

l
i

u

c

a

h
o
a
h
o
c
.
o
r
g

c

n

g
h
i

r

n
g
u

n

t
r

c
h

d

n

(
T
r

c
h

t
h
e
o
:

w
w
w
.
h
o
a
h
o
c
.
o
r
g
)

Quay tr li vi bn tp ca bn:
Nh t t 100 ml NaHCO
3
1M, K
2
CO
3
1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch HCl 1,6M. Tnh th tch CO
2
sinh ra?
2
3 3
H
CO HCO
n 0,15mol n 0,1mol n 0, 32mol
+

= = =

( ) 2
3 3
H
CO HCO
n 2n n
+

< +
nn H
+
ht
Ta c:
2
3
3
CO
HCO
n
2
n

=

Gi s mol ca
3
HCO

phn ng l x, suy ra s mol ca

2
3
CO

phn ng l 2x
2
3
CO

+ 2H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O

(1)
2x mol 4xmol 2xmol

3
HCO

+ H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O (2)
x mol xmol xmol
S mol HCl: 4x + x = 0,32 x = 0,064 mol =>
2
CO
V
= 3.0,064.22,4 = 4,3 (lt)

MT S BI TP VN DNG

CHO T T HN HP MUI VO AXIT
Cu 1: Nh t t tng git n ht 100ml dung dch X gm K
2
CO
3
1,5M v NaHCO
3
1M vo 200ml dung
dch HCl 1M, sinh ra V lt khi ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A.3,36 B.4,48 C.1.12 D..2,8
Cu 2: Nh t t 200ml dung dch X (K
2
CO
3
1M; NaHCO
3
0,5M) vo 200ml dung dch HCl th V(l) CO
2

(ktc) thuc l:
A. 2,24(l) B.1,68(l) C. 2,688(l) D. 3,36(l)
Cu 3: Cho tht chm dung dch cha hn hp 0,01 mol Na
2
CO
3
v 0,01 mol KHCO
3
vo dung dch cha
hn hp 0,04 mol HCl v 0,03 mol NaHSO
4
. Th tch kh CO
2
sinh ra ktc l
A. 0,448 lit. B. 0,672 lit. C. 0,896 lit. D. 0,224 lit.
Cu 4: Nh t t 100ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
2M v NaHCO
3
1M vo 200ml dung dch HCl 2,25M, sau phn
ng thu c V lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr V l.
A. 5,600. B. 5,824. C. 7,280. D. 6,384.
Cu 5: Nh t t 100ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
2M v NaHCO
3
1M vo 200ml dung dch HCl 3M, sau phn
ng thu c V lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr V l.
A. 6,72. B. 4,48. C. 8,96. D. 3,36.
Cu 6: Nh t t 100ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
3M v NaHCO
3
2M vo 200ml dung dch HCl 3,5M, sau phn
ng thu c V lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr V l.
A. 7,84. B. 9,52. C. 11,20. D. 10,64.
Cu 7: Nh t t 100ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
1M v NaHCO
3
2M vo 200ml dung dch HCl 1,5M, sau phn
ng thu c V lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr V l.
A. 5,04. B. 4,48. C. 3,36. D. 6,72.
Cu 8: Nh t t 100ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
2M v NaHCO
3
2M vo 200ml dung dch HCl 2,5M, sau phn
ng thu c V lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr V l.
A. 6,72. B. 7,28. C. 8,96. D. 5,60.
CHO T T AXIT VO HN HP MUI
Cu 1: Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na
2
CO
3
ng thi khuy u, thu
c V lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c xut hin kt
ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b l:
A. V = 22,4(a - b). B. V = 11,2(a - b). C. V = 11,2(a + b). D. V = 22,4(a + b).
BI DNG VN HA NGY MI - 18A/88 INH VN T - TP.HI DNG
TP CH HA HC & TUI TR HOAHOC.ORG
Sng lp: Ng Xun Qunh - 0979.817.885 0936.717.885 Ym: netthubuon admin@hoahoc.org
2012 TP CH
VI BN
C
T

p

C
h

a

H

c

&

T
u

i

T
r

w
w
w
.
h
o
a
h
o
c
.
o
r
g

M

i

s

s
a
o

c
h

p

v

n
g

t

i

l
i

u

c

a

h
o
a
h
o
c
.
o
r
g

c

n

g
h
i

r

n
g
u

n

t
r

c
h

d

n

(
T
r

c
h

t
h
e
o
:

w
w
w
.
h
o
a
h
o
c
.
o
r
g
)

Cu 2: Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch cha Na2CO3 0,2M v
NaHCO3 0,2M, sau phn ng thu c s mol CO2 l
A. 0,020. B. 0,030. C. 0,015. D. 0,010.
Cu 3: Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
1,5M v KHCO
3
1M. Nh t t tng git cho n ht 200
ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,12. B. 2,24. C. 4,48. D. 3,36.
Cu 4: Dung dch X c cha a mol Na
2
CO
3
v b mol NaHCO
3
. Nh t t 0,15 mol dung dch HCl vo dung
dch X th sau phn ng thu c dung dch Y v thot ra 0,045 mol kh. Nh tip dung dch nc vi trong
d vo dung dch Y th thu c 15 gam kt ta. Gi tr a v b ln lt l
A.0,105 v 0,09. B. 0,105 v 0,08. C. 0,09 v 0,105. D. 0,08 v 0,105.
Cu 5: Cho tht chm dung dch cha 0,02 mol HCl v 0,02 mol NaHSO
4
vo dung dch cha hn hp
0,02 mol Na
2
CO
3
v 0,012 mol K
2
CO
3
. Th tch kh CO
2
( ktc) sinh ra l
A.0,1792 lit. B. 0,7168 lit. C. 0,448 lit. D. 0,224 lit.
Cu 6: Thm t t dung dch HCl c pH = 0 vo dung dch cha 5,25 gam hn hp mui cacbonnat ca 2
kim loi kim k tip nhau n khi c 0,015 mol kh thot ra th dng li. Cho dung dch thu c tc dng
vi dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d cho 3 gam kt ta. Cng thc ca 2 mui v th tch dung dch HCl dng l
A. Li
2
CO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
; 0,03 lit. C. Li
2
CO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
; 0,06 lit.
B. Na
2
CO
3
v K
2
CO
3
; 0,03 lit. D. Na
2
CO
3
v K
2
CO
3
; 0,06 lit.
Cu 7: Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na2CO3 1,5M v KHCO3 1M. Nh t t tng git cho n ht 450
ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 200 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24. B. 4,48. C. 3,36. D.1,12.
Cu 8: Thm t t 300ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 200ml dung dch hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
1M v NaHCO
3

0,5M c dung dch A v gii phng V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) . Cho thm nc vi vo dung dch A ti d thu
c m gam kt ta trng. Gi tr ca m v V l
A. 15gam v 3,36lt. B. 20gam v 3,36lt. C. 20 gam v 2,24lt. D. 15gam v 2,24lt.
Cu 9: Trn 100ml dd cha KHCO
3
1M v K
2
CO
3
1M vi 100ml dung dch cha NaHCO
3
1M v
Na
2
CO
3
1M c 200ml dung dch X. Nh t t 100ml dung dch Y cha H
2
SO
4
1M v HCl 1M vo dung
dch X c V lt CO
2
(ktc) v dung dch Z. Cho Ba(OH)
2
d vo Z th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca
V v m l:
A.2,24 v 59,1. B.1,12 v 59,1. C.2,24 v 82,4. D.1,12 v 82,4.
Cu 10: Thm t t 70ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
1M vo 100ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
1M thu c dung dch Y.
Cho Ba(OH)
2
d vo dung dch Y th khi lng kt ta thu c l:
A. 22,22g B. 11,82g C. 28,13g D. 16,31g
Cu 11: Nh t t 200ml dung dch X c cha HCl 2M v NaHSO
4
0,5M vo 100 ml dung dch Y c cha
Na
2
CO
3
2M v K
2
CO
3
1M, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c V lit kh CO
2
(ktc) v dung dch Z,
nh Ba(OH)
2
n d vo dung dch Z th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr V v m ln lt l
A. 2,24 v 62,7. B. 2,24 v 39,4. C.4,48 v 19,7. D. 4,48 v 43,0.
Cu 12: Nh t t tng git n ht 100 ml dung dch HCl x M vo 100 ml dung dch cha Na2CO3 2M v
NaHCO3 3M, sau phn ng thu c V lit CO
2
(ktc) v dung dch Y, nh tip dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d vo
dung dch Y th thu c 39,4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 6.
Cu 13: Nh t t tng git n ht 100 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
xM vo 100 ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
y M, sau
phn ng 2,24 lit kh CO
2
(ktc) v dung dch Y, nh tip dung dch Ba(OH)
2
n d vo dung dch Y th
thu c 86 gam kt ta. Gi tr x v y ln lt l
A. 2,5; 4. B. 1,5; 2. C. 2,0; 3. D. 2,5; 3.
BI DNG VN HA NGY MI - 18A/88 INH VN T - TP.HI DNG
TP CH HA HC & TUI TR HOAHOC.ORG
Sng lp: Ng Xun Qunh - 0979.817.885 0936.717.885 Ym: netthubuon admin@hoahoc.org
2012 TP CH
VI BN
C
T

p

C
h

a

H

c

&

T
u

i

T
r

w
w
w
.
h
o
a
h
o
c
.
o
r
g

M

i

s

s
a
o

c
h

p

v

n
g

t

i

l
i

u

c

a

h
o
a
h
o
c
.
o
r
g

c

n

g
h
i

r

n
g
u

n

t
r

c
h

d

n

(
T
r

c
h

t
h
e
o
:

w
w
w
.
h
o
a
h
o
c
.
o
r
g
)

LM HAI TH NGHIM NGC NHAU
Cu 1: Cho t t tng git ca dung dch cha b mol HCl vo dung dch cha a mol Na
2
CO
3
thu c V lt
CO
2
. Ngc li, cho t t tng git ca dung dch cha a mol Na
2
CO
3
vo dung dch cha b mol HCl thu
c 2V lt CO
2
. So snh a v b.
A. a = 0,8b. B. a = 0,35b. C. a = 0,75b. D. a = 0,5b.
Cu 2: Cho rt t t 100ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
x M vo 100ml dung dch HCl y M thu c 2,24 lit CO
2

(ktc). Nu lm ngc li thu c 1,12 lit CO
2
(ktc). Ga tr x v y ln lt l
A. 1M v 1,5M. B.1M v 2,5M. C.1M v 2M. D. 1,5M v 2M.
Cu 3: Cho t t 100ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
2M vo 100ml dung dch HCl 3,5M sau phn thu c V
1
lit
kh CO
2
(ktc). Mt khc, nu lm th nghim ngc li th thu c V
2
lit kh CO
2
. T l V
1
: V
2
l
A. 6 : 7. B. 7 : 6. C. 5 : 6. D. 6 : 5.
Cu 4: Nh t t 100ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
1,5M vo 100ml dung dch HCl x M sau phn ng thu c
1,25V lit kh CO
2
(ktc). Nu lm ngc li th thu c V lit kh CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr x l
A. 1,5. B. 2,0. C. 2,5. D. 3,0.
Cu 5: Cho rt t t 100ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
x M vo 100ml dung dch HCl y M thu c 5,6 lit CO
2

(ktc). Nu lm ngc li thu c 4,48 lit CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr x v y ln lt l
A. 2; 4. B. 3; 5. C. 4; 6. D. 5; 7.
Cu 6: Cho rt t t 100ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
x M vo 100ml dung dch HCl 4 M thu c 2V lit CO
2

(ktc). Nu lm ngc li thu c V lit CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr x v V ln lt l
A. 2; 2,24. B. 2; 4,48. C. 3; 4,48. D. 3; 2,24.
Cu 7: Cho rt t t 100ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
2 M vo 100ml dung dch HCl x M thu c 1,5V lit CO
2

(ktc). Nu lm ngc li thu c V lit CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr x v V ln lt l
A. 2,5; 1,12. B. 3,0; 2,24. C. 3,5; 3,36. D. 2,5; 2,24.