-1TCH CHIT GELATIN T DA C BASA

Abstract
A gelatin is extracted and produced from a raw fish skin through the steps: a salt admixing step for admixing a salt (e.g. NaCl, KCl of the like) with a raw fish skin so at to allow non-collagen substances or portions (including fats and other tissue portions than a collagen portion) to be removed from the fish skin, while simultaneously degreasing and deodorizing the skin under the salt effect, a salt removal step for causing the admixed salt and non-collagen substances or portions to remove from the skin, achieving the fats removal and deodorization; a collagen extraction step for extracting a collagen (gelatinous) from the thus-treated skin ; and a filtration step for filtering and refining the extracted collagen so as to obtain a refined collagen. The refined collagen may be dried and solidified. Thus, since the inexpensive salt is used for effective removal of non-collagen substances or portions to obtain a collagen portion, the method itself is simplified and economical. Further, the fish collagen obtained thereby, be it fluid or dried, is of a highly refined property, i.e. colorless, odorless and degreased, which is suited for food product elements and various industrial uses.

I, T VN : Cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca ngnh nui trng v ch bin thy sn xut khu nc ta th mt lng ln cc ph ph phm b thi ra nh u, da, xngmt cch lng ph dn n nhim mi trng. Trong khi cc ph phm y chnh l nguyn liu to ra mt cht keo sinh hc c nhiu ng dng quan trng l Gelatin. Trong thc phm th Gelatin to ra nht, ng, chc cho sn phm hoc l mt thc phm n king rt tt. Trong dc phm dng lm v nang bo v thuc. Gelatin cng c dng trong phim nh, m phm v ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau nh: keo dn, mi trng cho Vi sinh vt pht trin Mc tiu ca ti l xy dng quy trnh tch chit Gelatin t da c Basa, sn phm to ra an ton vi ngi s dng, r tin, gim lng ln ph thi trnh nhim mi trng v mang thm mt ngun li kinh t mi. II, PHNG PHP NGHIN CU Cc phng php nghin cu s dng: - Phng php phn tch vt l - Phng php phn tch nh lng

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- Phng php quy hoch thc nghim Xy dng quy trnh nghin cu tch chit Gelatin t da c Basa:
Da c

Ra sch

Ct nh 0,2 0,5 cm

Ngm trong dung dch mui bo ha

- T l da c / dung dch NaCl bo ha: 1: ( 2 6) - Thi gian ngm mui:1 5ngy - Nhit 65 750C - Thi gian trch: 4 6h - T l da /nc ct l : 1 : (810)

Trch ly bng nhit

Lc vi cht tr lc celite

C c

Sy kh

Nghin mn

Gelatin sn phm

III, KT QU V BIN LUN 3.1 TH NGHIM TO MC C S 3.1.1 Cng on ngm mui: Mc ch ca cng an ny l kh mi, m, cht nhy v mui c tc dng ct t cc mch polypeptide ca Collagen thnh cc mch peptide ngn hn v lm cho cc mch ny tr nn lng lo to iu kin thun li cho cng on trch ly sau ny. Ta tin hnh lm th nghim vi cc yu t nh hng l t l da : dung dch mui v s ngy ngm dung dch mui Biu 3.1 th biu din s thay i khi lng Gelatin theo t l da:dung dch NaCl

-312.6 12.4 12.2 K hi l ng Gelatin 12 11.8 nht 11.6 11.4 11.2 11 10.8 0 2 4 6 8 10 T l NaCl (da : dd NaCl)

Nh vy, vo bng s liu trn thy rng vi t l da:dung dch nc ct l 1:3 ngm trong 3 ngy l cho kt qu tt nht. Ta ly y lm kt qu tin hnh cc cng on sau. 3.1.2 Cng on trch ly Ta tin hnh trch ly dung dch trong dung dch nc ct nhit cao, cng on ny Collagen s b thy phn thnh Gelatin. Cc yu t nh hng n cng on ny l t l da:nc ct, thi gian trch ly v nhit trch ly Biu 3.2 th biu din s thay i khi lng Gelatin vi nhit trch ly
BIU TH HIN S THAY I KHI LNG GELATIN THEO NHIT
129,500 129,000 Khi lng Gelatin (g) 128,500 128,000 127,500 127,000 126,500 126,000 125,500 0 20 40 60 80 100 Nhit (oC) khi lng gelatin

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Biu 3.3 th biu din s thay i khi lng Gelatin vi thi gian trch ly
BIU TH HIN S THAY I KHI LNG THEO THI GIAN
13.4 Khi lng Gelatin (g) 13.2 13 12.8 12.6 12.4 12.2 12 0 2 4 Thi gian (gi) 6 8 Khi lng gelatin (g)

Theo kt qu trn nhit 750C trong thi gian 6 gi cho khi lng Gelatin cao nht. l do khi tin hnh trch ly Gelatin nhit cao trong thi gian lu th gelatin s b thy phn mnh m to thnh Gelatone v Gelatose. nh hng n cht lng Gelatin 3.2 KHO ST CC YU T NH HNG N CNG AN NGM NACL :[2] 3.2.1 Kho st v khi lng: Cng on ny chng ti chn cc yu t nh hng l: thi gian ngm mui, t l da c/dung dch NaCl. Cc yu t nh hng n cng on ny c m t nh sau:

T l da c/dung dch mui Thi gian ngm

Cng on ngm mui

Khi lng Gelatin

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Biu 3. 4 : th biu din s thay i khi lng Gelatin theo t l ngm mui v s ngy ngm

BIU TH HIN S THAY I KHI LNG GELATIN PH THUC VO T L NGM MUI V S NGY NGM
Khi lng Gelatin (g) 12.6000 12.4000 12.2000 12.0000 11.8000 11.6000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 thi gian ngm (ngy) 1 :2 1:4 1:6

Nhn xt: Da vo biu trn ta nhn thy hm lng gelatin thu c cao mc t l l 1: 2 v thp mc t l l 1:6. Trong khong kho st hm lng gelatin gim dn khi l tng dn. 3.1.2 Xc nh nht: Biu 3. 4 : th biu din s thay i nht theo t l da c vi nng mui v thi gian ngm
BIU TH HIN S THAY I NHT THEO T L NGM MUI V THI GIAN NGM MUI
2.5 2 nht (Cp) 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 1 2 3 Thi gian ngm (ngy) 4 5 6 1 :2 1:4 1:6

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Nh vy theo kt qu khi lng v nht th ta thy rng khi ngm da c vi dung dch NaCl t l 1: 2 trong 3 ngy th cho kt qu tt nht. Ta ly y lm thng s ti u cho cc cng on tip theo 3.3 XY DNG TI U HA CHO CNG ON TRCH LY: 3.2.1 Ti u ha v khi lng: Phng php thc nghim yu t ton phn Thc hin nghin cu ti u giai on ny vi 3 yu t nh hng l: T l da : nc ct, Nhit v thi gian trch ly, Lm 8 th nghim vi mc cao v mc thp nh sau: Yu t T l da : nc ct (ml) (X1) Mc cao Mc thp 1 : 10 1:8 Nhit (0C) (X2) 75 60 Thi gian trch (gi) (X3) 6 4

Thc hin m ha cc bin: STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 X2 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 X3 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 X1X2 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 X1X3 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 X2X3 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 Y 12,8222 13,8065 13,1903 13,7033 12,0048 11,7176 10,6932 11,2826

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Sau khi tnh ton chng ti c phng trnh hi quy nh sau:

y = 12,40381 1,71919*X2 - 0,97927*X3
^

T phng trnh trn thy rng khi lng tch chit khng ph thuc vo t l da c vi nc ct nhng t l nghch vi nhit v thi gian trch. l do khi ta trch Gelatin trong thi gian lu v nhit cao th Gelatin s b thy phn mnh m to thnh Gelatose v Gelatone. Ti u ha thc nghim theo ng dc nht vi bc chuyn j = 5 vi nhit 750C trong thi gian 5,5gi cho kt qu tt nht 3.2.2 Xc nh nht: Biu 3.5: th biu din s thay i nht theo thi gian trch
3 2 nht (Cp) 2 lng gelatin (g) 1 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Thi gian (gi)

Nh vy theo kt qu khi lng v nht th ta thy rng vi nhit 750C trch trong 5,5 gi th sn phm Gelatin l tt nht. 3.3 Kim nghim gelatin sn phm [1][7]; Bng 3.1 Kim nghim gelatin sn phm Ch tiu nht ca dung dch 2% Kt qu 2,0083 Tiu chun Anh Khng gii hn nh gi t

pH ca dung dch 10% m tro

6,4 8,49% 1,169%

5 6,5 16% 2%

t t t

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3.4 So snh hiu sut quy trnh thu nhn gelatin bng mui vi mt s quy trnh khc: Bng 3.10: So snh hiu sut cc quy trnh thu nhn Gelatin Quy trnh Thu nhn bng enzyme Fermgem Thu nhn bng acid v base Thu nhn bng nc vi Thu nhn bng mui Hiu sut (%) 22,4 18 10,3 28,1

Nh vy, t kt qu trn thy rng hiu sut thu hi Gelatin bng mui kh cao IV, KT LUN KIN NGH 4.1 Kt lun: Qua kt qu nghin cu, chng ti tm c iu kin thch hp cho qu trnh thu nhn Gelatin bng mui nh sau: - T l da c : dung dch mui l 1 : 2, Ngm trong thi gian 72h - Xc nh c nhit v thi gian tch chit ti u l 750C trong 5,5 gi 4.2 Kin ngh: - Trong qu trnh nghin cu do thi gian c hn nn vic thu thp ti liu, tm hiu su rng v quy trnh sn xut gelatin cn nhiu thiu st. - Cc trang thit b trong th nghim cn nhiu hn ch nn vic thc hin ti gp nhiu kh khn. Do , hng xut hon thin ti l:

- Phng th nghim cn c u t cc trang thit b nhiu hn thun li

cho vic nghin cu nh: my xc nh phn t lng, my in ly..... 4.3 Hiu qu kinh t: Chng ti c tnh gi thnh ca 1kg Gelatin t da c Basa theo quy trnh trn

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Loi nguyn liu

Khi lng

n gi (ng)

Thnh tin (ng) 9100 10800 7000 20000 2500 5000 6000 60400

NaCl Da c ti in Nc ct Celite Giy what man 1 Nc ra dng c

1,3 kg 3,6 kg 10 kW 10 lt 50 g 25 t 2 m3 Tng

7 000/1kg 3000/ 1kg 700 2000/lt 50.000/kg 25 t/5000 3.000/1m3

Nh vy, sn xut ra 1kg Gelatin t da c mt khong 60 400 ng. Trong khi gi thnh 1kg Gelatin thng mi trn th trng hin nay l 100 000 ng i vi Vit Nam sn xut, 160 000 ng i vi Gelatin do Php sn xut. iu ny m ra hng pht trin mi th trng tiu th Gelatin, vn c th sn xut ra Gelatin c cht lng tt nhng vi gi thnh r hn rt nhiu so vi Gelatin thng mi

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TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting vit:
[1] Minh Phng ng Vn Hip, Phn tch kim nghim sn phm thy sn, i Hc Thy Sn Nha Trang.1997 [2] Nguyn Cnh, Quy hoch tuyn tnh, NXB HQG TP.HCM, 2004. [3] L Nguyn Bnh, Cng ngh protein & enzyme, i Hc An Giang. 2005. [4] Phan Th Thanh Qu, Cng ngh ch bin thy sn, i Hc Cn Th, 2005. [5] Trn Th Luyn Minh Phng, Cng ngh ch bin mt s sn phm dng trong cng nghip & dc phm Tp 3, Trng i Hc Thy Sn Nha Trang, 1996. [6] Trn Th Luyn Minh Phng Nguyn Anh Tun, Sn xut cc ch phm k thut & y dc t ph liu thy sn, Nh xut bn nng nghip Tp HCM, 1995. [7] V Hong Lm Trc, Kho st cc iu kin ti u ca enzyme Fermgen n s thy phn da c Basa thnh Gelatin, i Hc Khoa Hc T Nhin [8] V Trn Tng, Nghin cu thu nhn Gelatin t da c Basa n tt nghipi Hc Thy Sn Nha Trang, 2005.

Nc ngoi:
[9] http:// www Collagenline.com [10] http:// www Collagen4u.com [11] http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen [12] http:// www.gelatin.co.za/gltnl.htlm GIO VIN HNG DN Th.S L Th Thu Hng SINH VIN THC HIN ng Th Diu Linh Nguyn Th Bch Lan XC NHN CA KHOA CN SINH HC MI TRNG