báo cáo thực tập dung quất

Bo co thc tp tt nghip LI M U
Sau gn 5 nm hc, c cc thy c truyn t cho nhng kin thc chuyn ngnh v trong t thc tp ti Nh my Lc du Dung Qut ny cng c v tng thm cho chng em nhng hiu bit v chuyn mn t kin thc n kinh nghim thc t. y l ln u tin chng em c thc tp ti Nh my lc du ln nht Vit Nam, c tip xc vi cng ngh hin i, vi mi trng lm vic y p lc v tc phong cng nghip cng nh nhng quy nh an ton nghim ngt ca nh my ln .tuy thi gian ch 3 tun nhng n mang li cho chng em rt nhiu kin thc b ch v chuyn mn, v cch nh hng cho cng vic ca mnh sau ny. V vy chng em xin chn thnh cm n b mn Cng Ngh Hu c-Ha du trng HBK H Ni cng ban lnh o v cc anh ch K s lm vic trong Nh my Lc ha du Dung Qut to iu kin cho chng em c t thc tp ny.
H ni, thng 3 nm 2012 Sinh vin thc hin:
La Tin Nam Phm S ng
UOP CCR
Page 1
Bo co thc tp tt nghip
Chng 1: GII THIU CHUNG V NH MY LC DU BNH SN
LCH S HNH THNH NH MY BNH SN Giai on 1977-1991 Nm 1977 d n Lin hp lc ha du u tin c thc hin ti Nghi Sn - Thanh Ha do Cng ty Beicip ca Php trn c s ngun ti tr t qu UNICO, vi cng sut 6 triu tn/nm. Nhng n nm 1979 d n b dng li do gp kh khn v ngun vn. Nm 1980 Vit nam hp tc vi Lin X hai bn quyt nh chn Tuy H- Long Thnh - ng Nai lm ni t d n lin hp lc ha du. u nm 1990, tuy tin hnh san lp 3000 ha mt bng nhng do s thay i tnh hnh chnh tr v th ch ca Lin X nn d n li khng th tip tc. Giai on 1992-1996 Sau khi d n Khu Lin hp lc - ha du ti thnh Tuy H gp tr ngi, vic tip tc chun b xy dng NMLD u tin ca Vit Nam c Chnh ph ch o khn trng hn. Cng tc kho st v nghin cu la chn a im xy dng nh my c tin hnh ti nhiu khu vc dc b bin Vit Nam. Nm 1992, Chnh ph ch trng mi mt s i tc nc ngoi lin doanh u t xy dng nh my lc du, trong c Lin doanh Petrovietnam/Total/CPC/CIDC do Total (Php) ng u; CPC (Chinese Petroleum Corp) v CIDC (Chinese Investment Development Corp) ca i Loan (Trung Quc). Total xut a im xy dng NMLD ti Long Sn, tnh B Ra Vng Tu. Thng 2-1994, Tng cng ty Du kh Vit nam(PV) cng cc i tc trn d kin t nh my ti m Mn Vn Phong Khnh Ha.
UOP CCR
Page 2
Cng trong nm 1994, sau nhng kho st tnh hnh a cht, a hnh cc d n xy dng nh my lc du s 1 c d kin t ti: Nghi Sn Thanh Ha Hn La Qung Bnh Dung Qut Qung Ngi Vn Phong Khnh Ha Long Sn B Ra Vng Tu
Sau khi a ra cc a im t nh my cc nh chc trch bt u phn tch cc u nhc im ca tng a im; Ngy 9 11 1994 Th Tng Chnh Ph V Vn Kit quyt nh chn Dung Qut Qung Ngi lm a im t nh my, v nhng l do sau: bo Do n nm gia hai ngn i to thnh gng km trnh c thin tai, gi
Dung Qut l khu i ni nn gim c kinh ph cho vic san lp mt bng v san lp cng d dng Nhm thc y i sng kinh t khu vc min Trung c bit l Qung Ngi. Thun li cho vic cp cng ca cc tu trng ti ln v y c cng nc su. D n c thc hin vi t hp cc i tc, gm PetroVietnam, Total, CPC v CIDC. Thng 9 1995 Total rt khi d n do khng t c tha thun v v tr t nh my. tip tc trin khai d n, theo ch o ca Th tng Chnh ph, Tng cng ty du kh Vit Nam khn trng son tho v trnh Chnh ph ph duyt hng dn u bi Nh my lc du s I v mi cc i tc khc thay th Total tham gia d n.
UOP CCR
Page 3
Ngy 15/02/1996, Tng cng ty Du kh v cc i tc nc ngoi l LG (Hn Quc), Stone & Webster (M), Petronas (Malaysia), Conoco (M), CPC v CIDC (i Loan) k tt tha thun lp Lun chng kh thi chi tit Nh my lc du s I. Ngy 05/03/1996, l k chnh thc tha thun lp Lun chng kh thi chi tit Nh my lc du s I c tin hnh. n cui nm 1996 cc i tc nc ngoi xin rt khi d n do khng c ph chun mt s yu cu v kinh t.
Giai on 1997-1998 Ngy 3- 1997, c s ng ca Th tng Chnh ph, m bo khch quan v tin cy ca Lun chng nghin cu kh thi, Tng cng ty du kh Vit Nam thu Cng ty Foster Wheeler Energy Limited (Anh) v UOP (M) lm t vn trong qu trnh xy dng Lun chng. Ngy 10- 7-1997 Th tng Chnh ph ra Quyt nh ph duyt d n Nh my lc du s I - Dung Qut theo hnh thc Vit Nam t u t vi cng sut ch bin 6,5 triu tn du th/nm, tng vn u t 1,5 t USD, bao gm c chi ph ti chnh. Tng Cng ty du kh Vit Nam c Chnh ph giao lm Ch u t ca d n. Ngy 08-01-1998, L ng th khi cng xy dng Nh my lc du s I c tin hnh ti x Bnh Tr, huyn Bnh Sn, tnh Qung Ngi. Nm 1998, trong lc PV ang trin khai d n th cuc khng hong kinh t khu vc chu din ra lm nh hng n nn kinh t ca cc nc trong khu vc, v vy vic huy ng vn thc hin d n gp kh khn. Trc tnh hnh , Chnh ph quyt nh chn i tc nc ngoi u t thc hin d n theo hnh thc lin doanh.
UOP CCR
Page 4
Giai on 1999 - 2003 Ngy 25 8 1998 Chnh ph Vit Nam v Chnh ph Nga thit lp hp ng Vit Nga vi vn u t 50 50%. Ngy 28-12-1998, Cng ty Lin doanh Nh my lc du Vit - Nga (Vietross) chnh thc c thnh lp. Song trong qu trnh thc hin, hai bn khng t s ng thun i vi mt s vn quan trng nh vic thu t vn qun l d n, quyt nh s dng cc nh thu ph, cc nh cung cp thit b, phng n phn phi sn phm v mt s gii php hon thin cu hnh cng ngh, nng cao cht lng v chng loi sn phm ca nh my vv. Nn pha Nga chp thun phng n rt khi d n chuyn giao li ton b quyn li v ngha v ca mnh trong Lin doanh sang pha Vit Nam. Ngy 5 1 2003 Cng ty lin doanh Vietross chm dt hot ng. Giai on 2003 n 2005 Sau khi pha Nga rt khi Lin doanh Vieross, d n xy dng NMLD Dung Qut tr li vi phng n t u t. Ngy 12 thng 02 nm 2003, Tng cng ty du kh Vit Nam thnh lp Ban QLDA NMLD Dung Qut trin khai d n xy dng NMLD theo phng n Vit Nam t u t. Ngy 17 5 2005 hp ng EPC 1+4(gm cng ngh, h thng nhp du th ) c k kt gia Petrovietnam v T hp nh thu Technip (Cng ty Technip France (Php), Technip Geoproduction (Malaysia), JGC (Nht Bn), Tecnicas Reunidas (Ty Ban Nha) thc hin, trong Technip France (Php) ng u). Qu trnh thc hin d n, tng thu Technip s dng hn 100 nh thu ph v nh cung cp thit b, dch v ca Vit Nam. Ngy 24-8-2005, Hp ng EPC 2+3 bao gm khu b cha du th, ng ng dn sn phm, khu b cha v cng xut sn phm c Petrovietnam k kt vi T hp nh thu Technip. Tng mc u t ca d n theo Quyt nh l 2,501 t USD (cha bao gm chi ph ti chnh).
UOP CCR
Page 5
Ngy 28-11-2005, L khi cng cc gi thu EPC 1+2+3+4 c T hp Nh thu Technip phi hp vi Petrovietnam t chc ti hin trng xy dng nh my. Giai on 2008 n 2009 Ngy 9 6 2008 ra mt Cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin Lc Ha du Bnh Sn. n ngy 30 11 2008 nh my n chuyn tu du th u tin a vo ch bin. Giai on 2009 n nay Ngy 22 2 2009 nh my n dng du thng mi u tin. Ngy 27 5 2009 nh my giao nhn l sn phm u tin. Ngy 30 5 2010 ban nh thu Technip bn giao cng ngh. Ngy 23 10 2009 cc nh thu thng bo tt c cc phn xng kt ni vn hnh thnh cng 14/14 phn xng. Ngy 14 7 2010 phn xng polypropylene cho ra ht nha u tin. Ngy 6 1 2011 l khnh thnh nh my Lc-Ha du Bnh Sn. Ngy 13 9 2011 tin hnh khi ng li nh my sau 2 thng bo dng.
GII THIU TNG QUAN V NH MY LC DU BNH SN Gii thiu cc gi thu trong Nh my. C nh my chia lm 8 gi thu, trong gi thu s 6 l san lp mt bng do thi cng t u nn b. Gi thu EPC s 1: Cc phn xng cng ngh, nng lng ph tr trong hng ro nh my. Gi thu EPC s 2 : Khu b cha du th.
Page 6
UOP CCR
Gi thu EPC s 3 : H thng ng dn sn phm, khu b cha sn phm, cc bn xut ng bin v ng b. Gi thu EPC s 4 : H thng nhp du th, gm phao rt du mt im neo (SPM) v h thng ng ngm dn du th n khu b cha du th. Gi thu EPC s 5A : chn sng bo v bn xut sn phm. Gi thu EPC s 5B : Bn xut sn phm bng ng bin. Gi thu EPC s 7 : Khu nh hnh chnh, iu hnh.
a im,v tr v din tch s dng ca nh my a im: t ti Khu kinh t Dung Qut, thuc a bn cc x Bnh Thun v Bnh Tr, huyn Bnh Sn, tnh Qung Ngi

Din tch s dng: Mt t khong 338 ha; mt bin khong 471 ha.
Trong : Khu nh my chnh = 110 ha Khu b cha du th = 42 ha Khu b cha sn phm = 43,83 ha Khu tuyn dn du th, cp v x nc bin = 17 ha Tuyn ng dn sn phm = 77,46 ha Cng xut sn phm = 135 ha
H thng phao rt du khng bn, tuyn ng ngm di bin v khu vc vng quay tu = 336 ha
UOP CCR
Page 7
S v tr t nh my
Mt bng d n gm c 4 khu vc chnh: cc phn xng cng ngh v ph tr; khu b cha du th; khu b cha sn phm cng xut sn phm; phao rt du khng bn v h thng ly v x nc bin. Nhng khu vc ny c ni vi nhau bng h thng ng vi ng ph lin k. Cng sut v nguyn liu ca nh my Cng sut ch bin: 6,5 triu tn du th/nm; tng ng 148.000 thng/ngy).
UOP CCR
Page 8
Nguyn liu: du Bch H, du i Hng, Dragon, T Gic Trng, Yellow Tuna, Champion.
UOP CCR
Page 9
Chng 2: GII THIU KHI QUT V CC PHN XNG CA NH MY
Gii thiu cng ngh v mt bng b tr cc phn xng trong nh my Cc phn xng trong Nh my Phn xng cng ngh l phn xng quan trng nht trong cc gi thu, n bao gm 9 khu vc. Cc khu vc c phn chia nh sau: Cc phn xng 12 NHT: naphta hydro treating Khu 1A 13 CCR: reforming xc tc 23 ISOM: isome ha; 2 phn xng 13 v 23 l phn xng thu xng tr s octan cao. 11 CDU: chng ct kh quyn Khu 1B 14 KTU :x l kerosen 37 Fuel-gas: kh nhin liu c t gia nhit cho cc phn xng 15 RFCC: Cracking xc tc tng si 16 TLU : x l kh ha lng Khu 2 17 NTU : X l naphta ca RFCC, y cng l phn xng nhn xng 21 PRU : thu hi propylene, trong thp tch propanpropylene cao 81.3m 18 SWS: x l nc chua 19 ARU : Ti sinh amin 20 CNU : trung ha kim trc khi thi ra mi trng(PH=6.5-7.5) 22 SRU : thu hi lu hunh
UOP CCR
Page 10
Khu vc
Khu 3 24 LCO-HDT: x l diezel bng hydro. 58 ETP : khu x l nc thi 31 water: nc sinh hot, nc deion, nc ung 33 Cooling water 34 Sea water intake: ly nc bin lm mt 35 Instrument/Plant air 36 Nitrogent plant Khu Cold Utility 37 Fuel gas 39 Caustic supply 57 Flare: uc cao 115m 59 Fire water: c 2 b 100 RO: tch silic 32 Steam: - Low pressure steam(LPS): 36
-
kg/cm2
MPS: 14-16 kg/cm2 HPS: 40-42 kg/cm2 HHPS: 100-105 kg/cm2
Hot Utility
40 STG: trm in; c 4 my pht trong 3 my pht chy vi cng sut 50%,50%, 100%, my cn li d phng 38 Fuel oil 51 Intermediate tankge: c 23 b cha trung gian 54 Blending Unit: b phn phi trn 55 Flushing oil: s dng LGO t CDU ra sch ng ng Offsite P1 56 Slops oil: l ni thu gom du thi t cc phn xng sau dng lm nguyn liu cho qu trnh CDU, RFCC 60 Crude oil tankge: gm 8 b, mi b dung tch 65000m3, cao 22.4m, ng knh 69m 52 Product tankge: gm 22 b trong c: 5 b cha xng, 3 b propylene, 5 b cu LPG, 1 slops oil 53 Truck loading: xut ng b, ch xut cho nhng khu vc xung
UOP CCR
Page 11
quanh, mi xe ch c khong 12 m3 81 Jetty Topside: c 6 cu cng: 4 cu cng gn mi tu ch c 1000-5000m3, 2 cu cng xa mi tu ch c 15000-30000m3 Offsite P3/Jetty 82 SPM(single point mooring): d=12m, cao 5m(3,75m di mt bin) 71 Interconnecting pipleline P1 P3: c12 tuyn ng: 8 tuyn ng dn sn phm v 4 tuyn ng ph tr, di 7km. 72 - Interconnecting pipleline P3 Jetty: c 15 tuyn ng: 10 tuyn ng dn sn phm, 5 tuyn ng ph tr dn du thi v nc dn tu, di 3km
UOP CCR
Page 12
S b tr cc phn xng theo mt bng nh my Admin Bin 60 34 32 40 SS1(Trm trung tm) 57 58 KV2 21 17 in KV1B 11 37 14 16 15 Utility Process
CCC(phng iu KV1A 12 khin trung tm) 23 13 38 51 59 36 35 31 RO 39 KVPP KV3 19 20 PP 18 24
UOP CCR
Page 13
UOP CCR
Page 14
CC PHN XNG TRONG NH MY Phn xng Chng ct du th (Unit 011 CDU) Mc ch: Phn xng chng ct du th c nhim v phn tch du th nguyn liu thnh cc phn on thch hp cho cc qu trnh ch bin tip theo trong Nh my. Nguyn liu: Du th: t Khu b cha du th (Unit 060).
UOP CCR
Page 15
Sn phm: (1) LPG: n phn xng Cracking xc tc (Unit 015 RFCC); (2) Naphtha: n phn xng X l naphtha bng hydro (Unit 012-NHT); (3) Kerosene: n phn xng X l kerosene (Unit 014 KTU); (4) LGO: n phn xng Pha trn sn phm (Unit 054); (5) HGO: n phn xng Pha trn sn phm (Unit 054); (6) Cn chng ct: n phn xng Cracking xc tc (Unit 015 RFCC). Phn xng x l Naphtha bng Hydro (Unit 012 NHT) Mc ch: Phn xng x l Naphtha bng Hydro s dng thit b phn ng mt tng xc tc c nh kh cc tp cht Lu hunh, Nit c trong FRN t phn xng CDU, chun b nguyn liu cho phn xng ISOM v CCR. Nguyn liu:
(1) (2)
Naphtha: t phn xng CDU; Hydro: t phn xng CCR.
Sn phm: (1) Naphtha nh: n phn xng Isomer ha (Unit 023 ISOM); (2) Naphtha nng: n phn xng Reforming xc tc (Unit 013-CCR). Phn xng Reforming xc tc (Unit 013 - CCR) Mc ch: Phn xng Reforming s dng thit b phn ng lp xc tc ng chuyn ha cc Parafin trong nguyn liu Naphtha nng t phn xng NHT thnh hp cht thm c ch s octane cao lm phi liu pha trn xng. Nguyn liu: Naphtha nng: t phn xng NHT; Sn phm: (1) Reformate: c ch s Octane cao, l cu t pha trn xng c cht lng cao;
UOP CCR
Page 16
(2) Hydro: hnh thnh t qu trnh thm ha Hydrocacbon, p ng ton b nhu cu Hydro trong nh my;
(3)
LPG: phi trn vi cc ngun LPG khc trc khi c a sang b cha.
Phn xng x l Kerosene (Unit 014 - KTU) Mc ch: phn xng KTU c thit k s dng kim trch ly, lm gim hm lng Mercaptan, H2S, Naphthenic acide trong dng Kerosene n t CDU ng thi tch loi ton b nc c trong Kerosene trc khi a sang b cha. Nguyn liu: Kerosene: t phn xng CDU. Sn phm: Kerosene: p ng tiu chun nhin liu phn lc Jet A1. Ngoi ra mt phn Kerosene thnh phm c th c s dng lm phi liu cho pha trn DO/FO khi cn. Phn xng Cracking xuc tac tng si (Unit 015 - RFCC) Mc ch: phn xng Cracking xc tc c thit k cracking dng nguyn liu nng l cn chng ct thnh nhiu dng sn phm nh c gi tr cao hn nh naphtha, LCO... Nguyn liu: Cn chng ct: t phn xng CDU. Sn phm:
(1) (2)
Off gas: s dng lm kh nhin liu trong nh my;
Hn hp C3/C4: lm nguyn liu cho phn xng LTU trc khi c a sang phn xng thu hi Propylene; RFCC Naphtha: c a i x l phn xng NTU sau a i n b cha trung gian pha trn xng;
(3)
UOP CCR
Page 17
Light Cycle Oil (LCO): c a i x l phn xng LCO HDT sau a i n b cha trung gian pha trn du Diesel;
(4)
Decant Oil (DCO): lm nguyn liu pha trn FO hoc lm du nhin liu cho Nh my.
(5)
Phn xng x l LPG (Unit 016 - LTU) Mc ch: phn xng LTU c thit k s dng kim trch ly, lm gim hm lng Mercaptan, H2S, COS, CO2 khi dng LPG nguyn liu n t Gas Plant ca phn xng RFCC. Qu trnh trch ly c tin hnh trong hai thit b mc ni tip trong dng LPG v dng kim di chuyn ngc chiu. LPG x l c a sang phn xng thu hi Propylene. Kim thi c a sang phn xng trung ha kim thi (CNU). Nguyn liu: LPG: t Gas Plant ca phn xng RFCC. Sn phm: LPG: x l, c a sang phn xng thu hi Propylene (PRU). Phn xng x l Naphtha (Unit 017 - NTU) Mc ch: NTU c thit k loi b cc tp cht ca lu hunh (ch yu l Mercaptan) v phenol ca phn on Naphtha t RFCC da trn nguyn tc trch ly gia dng RFCC Naphtha v dng kim tun hon. Dng Naphtha sn phm c a vo b cha trung gian pha trn xng. Kim thi c a sang phn xng trung ha kim thi (CNU). Nguyn liu: RFCC Naphtha: t phn xng RFCC. Sn phm: RFCC Naphtha: x l, a n b cha trung gian pha trn xng.
UOP CCR
Page 18
Phn xng x l nc chua (Unit 018 - SWS) Mc ch: Phn xng bao gm mt bnh tch s b v hai thp chng ct c nhim v loi b NH3 v H2S khi dng nc chua thi ra t cc phn xng cng ngh trc khi nc thi c a i x l phn xng x l nc thi (ETP). Mt phn nc chua sn phm ca phn xng SWS c a v thit b tch mui trong phn xng CDU. Kh chua c a v phn xng thu hi lu hunh. Kh chua t bnh tch s b c a i t ti uc t kh chua. Nguyn liu: Dng nc chua: thi ra t cc phn xng cng ngh. Sn phm: Nc thi: a i x l phn xng x l nc thi (ETP). Phn xng ti sinh Amin (Unit 019 - ARU) Mc ch: Phn xng c thit k loi b kh chua khi dng Amine bn t phn xng RFCC v LCO HDT. Amine bn c a vo bnh n nh, ti y xy ra qu trnh tch loi Hydrocacbon lng kh, trc khi vo thp ti sinh. Sau khi c loi b kh chua, amine c a tr li cc thp hp th trong phn xng RFCC v LCO HDT. Mt phn dng amine sch ny s i qua thit b lc loi b cc tp cht c hc. Kh chua s c a qua phn xng thu hi lu hunh SRU. Nguyn liu: Dng Amine bn: t phn xng RFCC v LCO HDT. Sn phm: Amine sch: c a tr li cc thp hp th trong phn xng RFCC v LCO HDT.
UOP CCR
Page 19
Phn xng trung ha kim (Unit 020 - CNU) Mc ch: Kim c trung ha bi axit sulfuric n pH nm trong khong 6 8 trc khi a sang x l phn xng x l nc thi. Kh chua to thnh c t Incinerator trong phn xng SRU. Nguyn liu:
(1) (2) (3)
Phenolic Caustic t phn xng NTU v phn xng ETP (gin on); Alkaline water t NHT (gin on); Naphthenic Caustic: t cc phn xng LCO HDT, KTU, LTU.
Sn phm:
(1) (2) (3)
Nc thi: a sang x l phn xng x l nc thi ETP; Kh chua: c t Incinerator trong phn xng SRU; Acid oil/Kerosene: n b cha du nhin liu FO (Unit 038).
Phn xng thu hi Propylene (Unit 021 - PRU) Mc ch: Phn xng PRU c thit k phn tch v thu hi Propylene trong dng LPG n t phn xng LTU. Propylene sn phm phi c lm sch n phm cp Propylene dng cho ha tng hp (99,6 % wt). Nguyn liu: LPG: t phn xng x l LPG (Unit 016 LTU). Sn phm:
(1) (2) (3)
Propylene: n phn xng PP; LPG: n b cha sn phm (Unit 052); Hn hp C4: n b cha trung gian (Unit 051) pha trn xng.
Phn xng thu hi lu hunh (Unit 022 - SRU) Mc ch: Ti phn xng SRU, cc dng kh chua t ARU, SWS, CNU s c x l bng cng ngh Claus thu hi Lu hunh hoc c t Incinerator. Lu hunh sn phm trng thi rn v c xut bn bng xe ti.
UOP CCR
Page 20
Nguyn liu: Cc dng kh chua: t cc phn xng ARU, SWS, CNU. Sn phm: Lu hunh: trng thi rn c xut bn bng xe ti. Phn xng Isome hoa (Unit 023 - ISOM) Mc ch: Phn xng ISOM c thit k chuyn ha dng naphtha nh t phn xng NHT thnh dng naphtha c ch s Octane cao pha trn xng. Nguyn liu: Naphtha nh: t phn xng NHT. Sn phm: Isomerate: n b cha trung gian pha trn xng. Phn xng X l LCO bng Hydro (Unit 024 LCO HDT) Mc ch: phn xng LCO HDT s dng Hydro v xc tc lm sch cc tp cht nh kim loi, Lu hunh, Nit v oxy ng thi lm bo ha cc hp cht olefin trong nguyn liu LCO. Nguyn liu: LCO: t phn xng RFCC. Sn phm: HDT LCO: x l, c a n b cha trung gian pha trn Diesel v FO. Phn xng Du nhin liu Unit 038 H thng bao gm hai b cha du nhin liu dng trong Nh my, bm, thit b gia nhit v h thng ng cung cp, hi lu du nhin liu. Phn xng c thit k cung cp du nhin liu cho cc l gia nhit cc phn xng cng ngh v cho ni hi nh my in b sung cho kh nhin liu.
UOP CCR
Page 21
Do trong Nh my u tin s dng kh nhin liu nn du nhin liu ch c s dng b cho phn cn thiu ca FG. V vy, nhu cu tiu th du nhin liu l khng n nh. Thng thng du nhin liu c s dng l DCO ca phn xng RFCC. Khu b cha trung gian Unit 051 Khu b cha trung gian c thit k tn cha cc sn phm trung gian v cc thnh phm ca nh my, nm trong phm vi nh my, bao gm: Cc b cha cc sn phm khng t tiu chun: Off-spec Propylene, offspec LPG; Cc b cha cc sn phm trung gian: Cn kh quyn, Naphtha tng, Naphtha nng, RFCC Naphtha, LCO; Cc b cha cc cu t pha trn: Isomerate, reformate, Mixed C4s, SR Kerosene, LGO, HGO, HDT LCO;
-
Cc b cha cc sn phm cui (b kim tra): Xng 92, xng 95, du Diesel.
Khu b cha sn phm Unit 052 Khu b cha sn phm nm cch Nh my 7 km v pha Bc v cch cng xut sn phm 3 km. Khu b cha sn phm c thit k tip nhn, tn cha v xut cc sn phm sau ra cng xut v trm xut xe bn: Xng 92 Xng 95/Full Range Naphtha Jet A1/Kerosene Du Diesel Du FO LPG Propylene
UOP CCR
Page 22
Ngoi ra trong Khu b cha sn phm cn c h thng x l nc thi ring, khng ch c nhim v x l nc thi ca khu vc ny m cn x l nc thi t Khu xut xe bn v nc dn tu nhn t cng xut sn phm. Trm Xut xe bn Unit 053 Trm xut xe bn c thit k xut cc sn phm sau t khu b cha sn phm n xe bn: Xng 92 Xng 95 Jet A1/Kerosene Du Diesel Du FO
Phn xng pha trn sn phm Unit 054 Phn xng pha trn sn phm bao gm mt s h thng c lp cung cp cc cu t pha trn vi lu lng c iu khin n cc b trn. T cc b trn cc sn phm i vo cc b kim tra (hay i n b cha sn phm i vi sn phm du FO). C bn b trn tng ng vi bn sn phm sau y: B trn xng 92; B trn xng 95; B trn du Diesel; B trn du FO.
Phn xng Du ra Unit 055 Phn xng du ra bao gm 2 h thng du ra ring bit: (1) Du ra trong nh my cho khu vc cng ngh v khu vc ngoi vi: c cung cp ra cc thit b cng ngh, ng ng, chn thit b iu khin. Cc
UOP CCR
Page 23
ng ng du ra c kt ni ti cc v tr m sn phm c ht xc tc hay c nhit ng c cao. (2) Du ra cho ng ng nhp du th v SPM: c cung cp ngay trc v sau khi nhp du th c nhit ng c cao.
Phn xng du thi Unit 056 Phn xng du thi c thit k thu gom, tn cha v vn chuyn du thi n cc phn xng cng ngh ch bin li. Du thi c chia thnh hai loi: du thi nh v du thi nng: H thng thu gom v tn tr du thi nh sau a i ch bin li phn xng CDU hoc phn xng RFCC;
(1)
(2) H thng thu gom v tn tr du thi nng sau a i ch bin li phn xng CDU hoc phn xng RFCC hoc a i lm du nhin liu cho nh my.
Khu b cha du th Unit 060 Khu b cha du th c thit k thc hin cc nhim v sau: Tip nhn du th t SPM (Unit 082) Tn cha v tch nc khi du th trong cc b c gia nhit Cung cp du th cho phn xng chng ct kh quyn (CDU - unit 011)
Tip nhn cn chng ct t CDU trong trng hp s c phn xng RFCC Tn cha cn chng ct Bm cn chng ct n b cha nguyn liu RFCC (TK-5103).
Khu b cha du th gm c 6 b cha, mi b c th tch cha 65000 m3.
UOP CCR
Page 24
Phao nhp du th Unit 082 (SPM) Mc ch ca phao nhp du th l cung cp im neo cho tu du th v nhp du th vo khu b cha du th. Phao SPM c t trong vnh Vit Thanh v tr cch b khong 3,2km v pha ng vi su mc nc khong 30m. H thng SPM bao gm: phao SPM, h thng ng gp di phao (Pipeline End Manifold PLEM), cc ng mm trung gian, ng ng ngm di y bin ni PLEM vi b cha du th, b phn phng v nhn du th.
Chng 3: PHN XNG CCR
UOP CCR Platforming

3.1.1 Nguyn liu ca qu trnh.
UOP CCR
Page 25
Nguyn liu l phn nng ca Hydrotreated Heavy Naphtha (NHT) U12.Vi thnh phn lu hunh v nit nh hn 0.5ppm khi lng.nhit ca nguyn liu i vo thit b phn ng l 549oC vi lu lng l 133255kg/h. Thnh phn ct ca nguyn liu nh hng n hiu sut xng, nh gi cht lng nguyn liu reforming xc tc thng qua thnh phn ho hc ca nguyn liu , hng UOP a ra mt chun s tng quan KUOP c xc nh theo biu thc sau : KUOP = 12,6 - ( N + 2Ar ) /100 N- hm lng % ca naphten; Ar- hm lng % ca hydrocacbon thm. Trong nguyn liu reforming xc tc , K UOP v c bit l tng s N+ 2Ar thay i trong mt khong rng ( tng N + 2A r c th t 30 n 80 ) . Nu KUOP = 10 th nguyn liu cha nhiu hydrocacbon thm hn .Nu KUOP = 11 th nguyn liu cha nhiu naphten v hydrocacbon thm mt vng . Cn nu bng 12 l nguyn liu cha mt hn hp bng nhau gia hydrocacbon vng v hydrocacbon parafin , cn nu bng 13 th nguyn liu cha ch yu l hydrocacbon parafin . Nh vy,nu KUOP thp hay tng s N + 2Ar trong nguyn liu cng cao th nguyn liu cng cha nhiu naphten v nguyn liu cng thun li nhn reformat c tr s octan cao .
3.1.2
Cc phn xy ra trong qu trnh Reforming xc tc.
Bao gm cc phn ng:
Dehydro ha cc hydrocacbon Naphten. Dehydro vng ha cc cc hydrocacbon paraphin ng phn ha v hydrocracking.
UOP CCR
Page 26
Ngoi ra trong iu kin tin hnh qu trnh reforming cn cc phn ng ph, tuy khng lm nh nhiu n cn bng ca phn ng chnh , nhng li nh hng ln n hot ng v bn ca xc tc . l cc phn ng:
Phn ng phn hu v kh cc hp cht c cha oxy, nit ,lu hunh thnh
H2S ,NH3 , H2O.
Phn ng phn hu cc hp cht trung gian khng bn nh
Olefin, diolefin vi cc hydrocacbon thm , dn n to thnh hp cht nha v cc bm trn b mt xc tc .

3.1.2.1
Phn ng dehydroha naphten thnh hydrocacbon thm.
Phn ng dehydroha l loi phn ng chnh to ra hydrocacbon thm. Phn ng ny xy ra i vi naphten thng l xyclopentan v xyclohexan (xyclopentan thng nhiu hn xyclohexan), xyclohexan b dehydro ha trc tip to ra hp cht thm. CH3 CH3 + 3H2 (+50 KCal/mol) y l phn ng thu nhit mnh. Khi cng tng nhit v gim p sut th hiu sut hydrocacbon thm s tng ln. Theo cc s liu v nghin cu cho thy, vic tng t s H2/RH nguyn liu c nh hng khng nhiu n cn bng ca phn ng dehydro ha naphten v s nh hng ny c th b li bng vic tng nhit ca qu trnh. Khi hm lng hydrocacbon naphten trong nguyn liu cao, qu trnh reforming s lm tng r rng hm lng ca hydrocacbon thm.
UOP CCR
Page 27
3.1.2.2
Phn ng dehydro vng ho n-parafin:
Phng trnh tng qut c dng: R-C-C-C-C-C-C + 4H2 ( Q = 60 cal/mol )
Phn ng dehydro vng ho n-parafin xy ra kh hn so vi phn ng ca R naphten Ch nhit cao mi c th nhn c hiu sut hydrocacbon thm ng k .
3.1.2.3
Phn ng Isomeho:
Ngi ta thng chia phn ng hydroIsome ho thnh hai loi:

a.
Phn ng Isome ho n-parafin : n - parafin iso - parafin + Q = 2 Kcal/mol Vi thit b phn ng reforming xc tc iu kin 500 0C v xc tc Pt/Al2O3 , th cn bng t c trong vng phn ng ca thit b nh sau : Vi n - C6 l 30%; n - C5 l 40%; n - C4 l 60% Cc phn ng ny c vai tr quan trng trong qa trnh reforming xc tc v Vi cc n - parafin nh, s isome ha lm ci thin tr s octan. VD: NO ca n - C5 l 62, trong khi NO ca iso - C5 l trn 80. Vi cc n - parafin cao hn C5, phn ng isomeha d xy ra, nhng n ch lm tng khng nhiu NO v cn c mt cc n - parafin cha bin i trong sn phm phn ng. VD: n - C7 c NO = 0; cn trimetylbutan c NO = 110 v hn hp C7 iu kin cn bng ca phn ng isome ho ch c NO = 55. Do m phn ng isome ha
UOP CCR
Page 28
tt nht nn tin hnh vi n - parafin nh (C5 hoc C6). v khi sn phm c tr s octan cao hn khi tin hnh isome ho vi n-parafin cao hn. b. Phn ng dehyroisome ho alxyl xyclopentan. R R' Q = 4 6 kcal/mol R' + + 3H2 + Q = - 50 kcal/mol.
3.1.2.4
Phn ng hydrocracking v naphten:
Phn ng hydrocracking: y l phn ng cracking vi s c mt ca hydro phn ng d gy mch to thnh hai parafin khc. y l phn ng khng mong mun ca qu trnh . cc iu kin nht nh c th xy ra cracking su to kh v sn phm nh v gim th tch sn phm lng v ng thi cng lm gim hiu sut hydro (v tiu tn trong phn ng). Do vy hiu sut s gim, phn ng ny xy ra kh chm v ch yu c xc tc bi chc nng axit ca xc tc. n - C9H20 + H2 n - C5H12 + C4H10 n - C9H20 + H2 n - CH4 + n - C8H18 CnH2n+2 + H2 CmH2m +2 + CpH2p+2 i vi parafin, thng xy ra cc phn ng hydrocracking v hydrogenolyse. R - C - C - R1 + H2 R - CH3 (iso) + R1 - CH3 (iso) + Q=11 Kcal/mol. R - C - C - R1 + H2 R2 - CH3 + CH4 (phn ng hydro genolyse) .
UOP CCR
Page 29
Naphten cng c kh nng tham gia phn ng hydrocracking. Giai on u tin ca phn ng ny l t vng vi s c mt ca hydro, to thnh parafin
R1
+ H2 R3H
R2
R4H + R3H + Q = 20 KCal/mol
Hydrocacbon thm cng c th b hydrodealkyl ha + H2 C6H6 + RH + Q = 12 13 Kcal/mol RH Sn phm ca qu trnh l cc hp cht iso parafin chim phn ch yu v v phn ng cng xy ra theo c ch ioncacboni nn sn phm kh thng cha nhiu C3, C4 v C5, rt t C1 v C2. Nhng nu tng nhit cao hn na th s tng hm lng C1 v C2, v lc ny tc phn ng hydrogenolyse s cnh tranh vi tc phn ng cracking xc tc. Khi metan s c to ra vi s lng ng k. Tc dng ca phn ng ny trong qu trnh reforming l gp phn lm tng NO cho sn phm v to ra nhiu iso parafin, lm gim th tch sn phm lng v gim hiu sut hydro.
3.1.2.5
Nhm cc phn ng tch cc nguyn t d th:
Nu trong nguyn liu c cc cht cha S,N,O s xy ra cc phn ng tch cc nguyn t d th ra khi phn on . -Tch nit (Hydrodenit):
N
+ 5H2 C5H12 + NH3

C-C-C-C N Page 30
Pyridin
UOP CCR
+ 4H2 Quinolin + NH3
C C
C C
+ 4H2
C-C-C-C + NH3
N Pyrol - Tch lu hunh (Hydrodesunfua):

S
+ 4H2 C5H12 + H2S

CH3
Mecaptan R-SH + 2H2 Sunfit R-S-R + 2H2 Disunfit R-S-S-R + 3H2 Thiophen + 4H2
S
RH + H2S 2RH + H2S 2RH + 2H2S C-C-C-C + H2S
-Tch oxy: ROH + H2 RH + H2O
y l nhng phn ng lm gim hm lng lu hunh, nit trong xng, lm gim kh nng mt hot tnh v ko di tui th ca xc tc ,do n l phn ng ph c li. 3.1.2.6 Phn ng to cc
S to cc trong qu trnh reforming l khng mong mun nhng do s tng tc ca olefin, diolefin v cc hp cht thm a vng ngng t trn tm hot tnh xc
UOP CCR
Page 31
tc .
-2H2
-2H2
Cc s kh to ra nu ta thao tc iu kin nhit thp v p sut cao v t l H2/RH cao, s to cc ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh :nhit phn ng , p sut hydro , nng ca nguyn liu v chnh l cc hp cht phi hydrocacbon , olefin v cc hp cht thm a vng l cc hp cht thc y nhanh qu trnh to cc . Phn ng hydrocracking to kh xy ra khi tng p sut hydro c th lm hn ch phn ng ngng t v to cc . Tuy nhin nu p sut hydro qu ln , phn ng hydrocracking li xy ra mnh v cn bng ca phn ng xyclohexan to thnh benzen s chuyn dch v pha tri , tc l gim bt hm lng hydrocacbon thm .V th hn ch s to cc , ngi Ta phi s dng p sut hydro va sao cho cc ch to ra 3-4% so vi trng lng xc tc trong khong thi gian t 6 thng n 1 nm , v cc nh sn xut xc tc phi ch iu khin cc chc hot tnh ca xc tc gp phn iu khin c qu trnh to cc ca qu trnh reforming .
3.1.3
Sn phm
UOP CCR
Page 32
unit 37.
Fuel gas: sau khi ra khi thit b debutanizer s c a n
Make up H2 gas: Compound H2 Methane Ethane Propane i-Butane n-Butane i-Pentane n-Pentane C6+ Make up hydrogen mole % 93.3 2.5 2.4 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.04 0.02 0.04
UOP CCR
Page 33
Make up gas c s dng cho NHT,LCO,HDT,isomerzition.
Compound
Unstabilized LPG Unstabilized LPG (mole %)
H2 H2O Ethane Propane i-Butane n-Butane i-Pentane n-Pentane C6+
0.08 0.006 0.21 36.61 23.64 33.87 0.88 0.05 0.06
UOP CCR
Page 34
Reformate.
Property RONC MON C4-content,% vol
Value 102 min 91 min 1% max
Test Method ASTM D-2699 ASTM D-2700 UOP 880
Compound Ethane Propane i-Butane n-Butane i-Pentane n-Pentane C6+
Reformate (mole %) ppm 0.02 0.32 0.92 1.87 1.25 95.6
3.1.4
Dy chuyn cng ngh Flatforming.
Xem bn PFD nh km
UOP CCR
Page 35
Thuyt trnh dy truyn cng ngh CCR ca nh my lc du Dung Qut. Dng nguyn liu ch yu Naphtha sau khi c x l phn xng Naphtha Hydro Treater (NHT) v dng kh hydro c tun hon li i qua thit b trao i nhit comnined feed exchanger (E-1302) tng nhit ln 481oC tip theo c a vo h thng gia nhit (gia nhit bng fuel gas) ln nhit phn ng l 549oC ri i vo thit b phn ng th nht (R-1301) y xc tc i t trn xung tip xc vi dng nguyn liu thc hin phn ng trong thit b phn ng, sn phm i ra theo ng trung tm.phn ng l thu nhit nn dng sn phm i ra cn c gia nhit trc khi i vo thit b phn ng th 2c nh th cho n khi dng sn phm ra khi thit b phn ng cui cng,dng sn phm ny s i qua thit b trao i nhit E-1301 vi 2 mc ch l cung cp nhit gia nhit cho dng nguyn liu vo ng thi gim nhit trc khi i vo phn thit bi phn tch lng hi.Dng sn phm ra khi thit b phn tch c a qua thit bi lm mt trc khi vo thp tch th dng sn phm c nhit l 46 oC. Sn phm nh ch yu l hydro c nn li 1 phn cho tun hon li E-1301,phn cn li tip tc c lm mt trc khi i vo thit b phn tch X-1301 vi dng lng t thp tch mc ch l thu hi phn lng bi ko theo dng kh t thp phn tch.dng kh tip tc c a sang h thng tch clo.clo trong xc tc b cun theo sn phm.H thng x l clo gm 2 thit b ni tip nhau sn phm thu c l hydro tinh khit ch yu s c a v NHT,LCO,HDT,isomerzition.Nu cn d s c b xung vo dng fuel gas.sn phm lng ra khi X-1301 c a ti thit b debutan T-1301 y l thp chng tch c gia nhit bng hi nc,sn phm nh ch yu l C3-C4 c lm mt,trao i nhit trc khi a vo thit b tch 3 pha D-1303.kh thu c c a ti fuel gas.phn lng t D-1303 tip tc c tch clo trc khi thu hi c LPG.phn sn phm lng ca thp debutan qua thit trao i nhit vi dng nguyn liu vo ,lm mt v thu c cc sn phm xng reformate vi tr s ON theo RON l t 102 tr ln.
3.1.5 Xc tc ca qu trnh. Xc tc 2 chc nng

UOP CCR
Page 36
Platin: Platin l cu t rt tt, l kim loi c dng ch yu trong qu trnh reforming xc tc. Platin khng nhng xc tc cho phn ng dehydro ha cc naphten v phn ng dehydro - vng ho cc parafin to ra hydro cacbon thm m Platin cn c tc dng thc y c phn ng no ha cc hp cht trung gian: olefin, diolefin... lm gim tc to cc trn b mt cht xc tc ,to cc l nguyn nhn chnh dn ti vic gim hot tnh cht xc tc. Hm lng Platin trong cht xc tc reforming chim khong 0,3 0,7 (% khi lng) . Hm lng Pt c nh hng n hot tnh ca xc tc . v d khi nguyn liu cha hm lng parafin ln m dng xc tc cha 0,35 % trng lng Pt trong xc tc th nhn c xng c tr s octan l 102 m khng cn pha thm nc ch . phn tn ca Pt trn cht mang Al2O3 cng nh hng n hot tnh ca xc tc . Trong qu trnh lm vic ca xc tc hm lng Pt hu nh khng thay i nhng ta vn thy hot tnh kh hydro li gim xung l do cc tinh th Pt b thiu kt t li thnh cc tinh th ln . V vy tm hot ng b gim xung . Vy hot tnh ph thuc ch yu vo hm lng kim loi Pt v c bit l phn tn ca n trn cht mang Axt . Ngi ta thy rng nu cc ht phn tn c kch thc nh hn 10A0 th l tm hot ng mnh , cn kch thc ht phn tn ln 70A0 th xc tc khng c hot tnh i vi cc phn ng chnh ca qu trnh reforming . iu chnh tng quan gia hai xc tc th Pt ch nn chim 1% b mt ca cht mang . Khi nghin cu ngi ta thy rng nu cho thm nguyn t Re vo c tc dng km hm s thiu kt ca cc tinh th Pt v nguyn t Re s kt hp vi Pt to thnh hp kim c n nh cao hn Pt nguyn th . Do xc tc ca qu trnh
UOP CCR
Page 37
reforming ngy nay l Al2O3 c thm nguyn t Re c hot tnh cao hn , n nh v bn nhit cao hn. Cht mang: Cht mang trong xc tc reforming y l Al2O3 .y l mt Oxit c b mt ring ln (250 m2/g), chu nhit cao. Bn thn Al 2O3 l mt axt lewis v nguyn t nhm cn c mt lng t t do, cn Al 2O3 cha nc l mt axit Bronsted v mang H+. b mt Al- OH H
Al - O Al Al - O Al b mt
Al - O Al Al - O
Cht mang Al2O3 cn phi tinh khit ( hm lng Fe , Na khng qu 0,02% trng lng ) tng cng tnh axit ngi ta thng halogenua ha ri ch ha nhit. y thng dng clo. Nu s dng cht mang gama- Al2O3 hay beta- Al2O3 vi din tch b mt khong 250 m2/g th c b sung thm cc hp cht halogen nh flo ,clo, hay hn hp ca chng . Axt tng khi tng hm lng ca halogen , thc t cho thy ch nn khng ch hm lng ca halogen khong 1% so vi xc tc trnh phn hu mnh . Halogen c a vo xc tc khi ch to hoc khi ti sinh xc tc . Khi c clo th qu trnh xy ra nh sau : Al - OH O
UOP CCR Al - OH
+ Cl
Al - OH O Al - Cl + OH Page 38
Chc nng Axt c th hin bi cht mang . Axt ca n c vai tr c bit quan trng khi ch bin nguyn liu parafin c trng lng phn t ln : cc tm Axt kch ng phn ng hydrocracking ca cc parafin , phn ng ng phn ho hydrocacbon naphten 5cnh thnh 6 cnh , tip theo l cc naphten 6 cnh b kh hydro to thnh cc hydrocacbon thm . Xc tc ca qu trnh reforming ca nh my lc ha du Dung Qut Xc tc R-234 Hnh cu ng knh 1.6 mm Platinum 0.29% khi lng Thi gian sng 6 nm Lng xc tc tng thit b nh sau:
Trong qu trnh ti sinh ta phi b sung 1 lng xc tc do v vn,thiu kt..l 0.55m3. 3.1.6 Cc thng s nh hng n qu trnh. 3.1.6.1
UOP CCR
nh hng ca nhit :
Page 39
Qu trnh reforming xc tc tin hnh trong iu kin nhit nm trong khong 479 5250c .Khi iu kin p sut v tc th tch khng i .Nu gim nhit th s tng hiu xut xng ,hiu sut kh gim , lng hydrocacbon thm khng nhiu nn tr s octan ca xng khng cao , tuy nhin t to cc bm trn b mt xc tc nn thi gian lm vic ca xc tc di hn . Ngc li khi tng nhit qu trnh th hm lng kh tng ln , thnh phn lng gim xung dn n hiu sut xng gim ,tuy nhin lng hydrocacbon thm tng nn tr s octan ca xng tng .Khi nhit tng th kh nng to cc cao nn d lm mt hot tnh ca xc tc .V vy , iu chnh nhit sao cho ph hp vi cc thng s k thut khc m bo hiu sut , cht lng ca sn phm yu cu .
3.1.6.2
nh hng ca p sut
Phn ln cc phn ng chnh ca qu trnh reforming xc tc u km theo qu trnh tng th tch .Theo quan im nhit ng hc th p sut cao s cn tr qu trnh ca cc phn ng tng th tch c ngha l cn tr qu trnh to hydrocacbon thm. Nhng nu p sut thp th phn ng cracking xy ra mnh, dn n to cc nhiu v vy ngi ta phi duy tr p sut thch hp. Trong nhng h thng nhiu thit b hoc thm ch trong cng mt thit b gim p sut c th thay i theo s thay i t l cp liu v t l kh tun hon. p sut ring phn ca hydro cng nh hng ng k n qu trnh, nh hng ny c minh ho bng s ph thuc vn tc phn ng dehydro ha ng vng ca n - heptan c xc tc bi Pt/Al2O3 vo p sut ring phn hydro . Khi khng c hydro th khng xy ra phn ng v b mt kim loi b che ph bi cc khi tng p sut hydro, b mt kim loi c lm sch mt phn v c phn ng dehydro ho ng vng u xy ra. Nu p sut ring phn ca hydro vt qu
UOP CCR
Page 40
10 atm th c th loi b cc hu nh hon ton. Nhng nu tng hn na th hn ch vn tc phn ng dehydro ha, p sut ring phn cng nh hng n phn ng isomeho v dehydroisome ha. 3.1.6.3 Tc np liu (thi gian lu).
Khi tng lu lng nguyn liu (hay gim cht xc tc trong cc thit b phn ng ) s lm gim thi gian tip xc ca cc cht tham gia phn ng vi cht xc tc dn n lm tng hiu sut xng n nh v tng hm lng hydro trong kh tun hon , gim hiu sut hydrocacbon thm dn n tr s octan gim . Ngha l khi tng tc th tch th cc phn ng kh hydro ca napten , hydro cracking, ng phn ho butan v pentan s chim u th v xy ra nhanh hn. Cn cc phn ng i hi thi gian nh kh hydro , vng ho parafin, kh alkyl ,hydrocracking , hydrocacbon nh xy ra yu hn . v vy tnh ton tc np liu ring sao cho ph hp .Trong qu trnh reforming xc tc th tc np liu ring thng c duy tr trong khong 1,5 gi (h-1) 3.1.6.4 T l hydro/hydrocacbon nguyn liu:
T l mol hydro trong kh tun hon trn mol nguyn liu trong qu trnh reforming xc tc thay i trong mt gii hn rt rng tu theo mc ch ca qu trnh. p sut hydro l yu t rt quan trng trnh s to cc . T l mol H 2/RH xc nh nng ca hydrocacbon trong vng phn ng .t l mol hydro s dng n nh do np kh cha hydro cho tun hon tr li t qu trnh phn ng . Chn t s tun hon kh cha hydro c quyt nh bi cc yu t : thnh phn phn on ca nguyn liu , kht khe ca qu trnh v tr s octan ca sn phm xng . T l hydro trn nguyn liu cng cao th tc to cc trn xc tc
UOP CCR
Page 41
cng nh v thi gian lm vic ca xc tc cng ko di . song nu tng t l s dn ti tiu tn mt lng nhit ng k , ng thi lm tng tr lc thu ng v th tch ca thit b , ng dn.V vy cn phi iu chnh t l hydro trn nguyn liu sao cho ph hp vi yu cu sn phm 3.1.7
3.1.7.1
Cc b phn chnh. B phn reactor:
Thit b phn ng gm 4 thit b chng ln nhau theo kiu xuyn tm,chiu cao tng cng l 55,74m.Thit b th nht cao 11,6m,thit b th 2 cao 11m,thit b th 3 cao 11,7m v thit b th 4 cao 12,1m.c kch thc tng dn t trn xung v vi t l xc tc cng tng dn t trn xung theo t l 1:1,5:2,5:5.Hn hp nguyn liu v kh H2 tun hon c a qua thit b trao i nhit c nng nhit ln 481oC sau i vo l t v c un nng n 549oC vi p sut l 5,0kg/cm2 i vo cc scallops sau i qua cc l tip xc vi lp xc tc chuyn ng t trn xung, theo hng bn knh, sau cc sn phm theo ng trung tm i ln pha trn v ra ngoi. Do y l phn ng thu nhit mnh nn nhit ca
dng sn phm i ra b gim v vy n c a qua l t s 2 gia nhit ln

UOP CCR
Page 42
nhit phn ng. Qu trnh c tip tc nh th cho n thit b phn ng th 4 vi cc thng s ca qu trnh nh sau.
Thi t b
T vo ( C)
o
T ra P vo (oC) (kg/cm2)
P ra (kg/cm2)
Dng vo (kg/h)
Dng ra (kg/h)
Entanpy Entanpy Vo (kw) ra (kw) 59208 65053 68502 71721
1 2 3 4
549 549 549 549
441 479 501 521
5 4.5 4.0 3.5
4.8 4.2 3.8 3.3
133255 133255 73056 133255 133255 74108 133255 133255 74790 133255 133435 75258
Qua bng trn ta thy rng s gim nhit ca dng phm khi ra khi thit b phn ng th 4 l ln nht v thit b s 1 l b nht. s gim p cc thit b
UOP CCR
Page 43
l tng i n nh. Xc tc i t trn xung l qua thit b ti sinh xc tc sau khi phc hi li hot tnh c cho tun hon li nh thp. Nu cng nhiu thit bi phn ng th chuyn ha s cng trit ,tuy nhin khi tnh ton v mt k thut v kinh t th 4 thit b l hp l nht. Lng xc tc cc thit b tng dn iu c gii thch nh sau: trong qu trnh phn ng th tc np liu hay thi gian lu nh hng rt ln n tr s c tan cng nh sn phm ca qu trnh v ngi ta thng phi khng ch t l ny n nh trong sut qu trnh.
y l phn ng tng th tch do m bo thi gian lu khng i th ta phi tng lng xc tc ln tng ng cc thit b pha sau. 3.1.7.2 Thit b debutanizer Thit b debutanizer dng iu chnh p sut hi bo ha ca phn on xng. p sut hi bo ha xc nh da trn hm lng C4 trong xng. Cc sn LPG phi cha t hn 1.1% C5 + v cc sn phm reformate phi khng c cha qu 1% th tch C4,C3y l thp chng ct loi a gm c 30 a v chiu cao ca thp l 31.4m. Dng nguyn liu lng t separator s c bm ln qua thit b trao i nhit trao i nhit vi dng lng i ra t y thit b debutanizer ri i vo a s 21.Dng sn phm C4 v nh hn i ra a s 8 c nhit 61 oC tip tc c lm mt ti 38oC ri cho qua thit b tch 3 pha.lc ny 1 phn pha lng c tun hon li thit b debutanizer.Dng reformate ra y thp 1 phn c tun hon li y thp cn li qua thit b trao i nhit vi dng nguyn liu i vo khi nhit ca n l 214oC gim xung cn 70oC v tip tc lm mt n 38oC trc khi cho vo b cha.
UOP CCR
Page 44
3.1.7.3
H thng l t
UOP CCR
Page 45
H thng l t gm 4 thit b t kh nhin liu (fuel gas) gia nhit cho nguyn liu v sn phm ra khi cc thit b phn ng th 1,2,3 ln nhit phn ng l 549oC. Kh nhin liu c ly t b cha kh nhin liu fuel gas (37) v 1 phn kh H2 tun hon li t chnh phn xng CCR. Ngi ta khng ch nhit ca l t bng cch o hm lng oxi ra khi l v hm lng oxi thng d t 2 n 4%.
3.1
Regeneration
3.2.1 L thuyt qu trnh ti sinh 3.2.1.1 Cc phn ng ha hc ca qu trnh ti sinh Qu trnh ti sinh xc tc phc hi li hot tnh xc tc gm c 4 bc: a. t Coke
Bc th nht:Coke c loi b khi b mt xc tc bi phn ng chy vi Oxygen. Coke + O2 CO2 + H2O +heat
UOP CCR
Page 46
Phn ng t Coke to ra CO2 , H2O v ta nhit, nn xc tc rt d b ph hy trong mi trng c hi nc v nhit cao. V vy qu trnh chy cn khng ch hm lng O2 trong qu trnh chy. Nu hm lng O2 ln s lm nhit chy cao, nu hm lng O2 thp th phn ng li din ra chm. Do trong qu trnh iu khin cn khng ch hm lng O2 trong khong 0.5 0.8 % mol. Khong ny l khong ti u tc t coke ln nht trong khi nhit chy l nh nht. b. Oxi clo ha
Bc th 2 l giai on oxy ha v phn b li kim loi trn b mt cht mang, ng thi b sung li hm lng Clo trn xc tc khi phc li chc axit. C nhiu phn ng phc tp xy ra vi Oxygen v clo hu c(C 2Cl4), nhng c th tng kt thnh cc phn ng sau:
(1) (2) (3)
Hp cht Chloride + O2 HCl + CO2 +H2O HCl + O2 Cl2 + H2O Base OH + HCl Base-Cl + H2O
Hm lng ca Clo trn xc tc nu qu nhiu hay qu t u nh hng khng tt n phn ng Platforming. V vy ngi ta khng ch hm lng Clo bng cch khng ch tc a Clo vo. Khi thp ti sinh hot ng bnh thng , hm lng Clo trn xc tc b oxyha khong 1.1 1.3 wt%. Khong ny l khong ti u m bo cho chc axit ca xc tc. Cn phn ng Oxi ha v phn b li kim loi trn xc tc c th c tng kt nh sau: Metal + O2 Oxidized metal ( sau phn tn li trnb mt cht mang ) phn tn kim loi trn cht mang cng tt th chc kim loi ca xc tc cng cao, cng phc hi li gn vi trng thi xc tc mi. khng ch tt qu trnh ny th cc iu kin quan trng cn m bo l: thi gian lu di, hm lng Oxygen cao ( trong giai on ny oxygen c th ln ti 20 wt%), nhit chnh xc, hm lng Clo thch hp
UOP CCR
Page 47
c. Lm kh
Bc th 3 l giai on loi m khi xc tc. D tha hi nc trn b mt xc tc l do qu trnh t coke. Khng kh kh v nng c thi vo cun i hi nc trn b mt xc tc : Base-H2O + dry gas Base + gas + H2O Bc lm kh c thc hin trong iu kin nhit cao,thi gian lm kh di, v dng khng kh kh cn c phn phi tt quanh xc tc vi tc hp l. d. S kh
Bc th 4 chuyn ha kim loi t dng oxit thnh dng kim loi hot tnh. Phn ng din ra vi H2 vi phn ng sau y: Oxidized Metal + H2 reduced metal + H2O iu kin thch hp cho qu trnh kh ny l: tinh khit ca H 2 cao, nhit vng kh thch hp, v kh kh c phn phi tt n xc tc.
3.2.1.2
Thuyt minh lu trnh ti sinh
Xem PFD-10, 11, 12, 13 nh km Xc tc sau khi tham gia phn ng trong reactor c vo catalyst collector tch Hydrocacbon khi xc tc v lm lnh xung nhit 150 0C, ri xc tc i vo L-valve c kh N2 nng ln trn disengaging hopper D-1353. Ti D-1353 cc xc tc bi, vn, v c tch ra khi dng xc tc bi dng kh nitrogen vo bn sn ca Disengaging hopper D-1353. Cn xc tc tip tc qua cc ng ng dn xung regeneration tower xy ra qu trnh ti sinh xc tc. Ban u xc tc i vo Burn zone t Coke. Dng khng kh 106 nhit 477 0C, p sut 2.5 at i vo burn zone t coke. Sau nh trng lc xc tc chuyn xung vng reheat, vng reheat c thit k nng nhit xc tc ln bng dng khng kh nng nhit 517 0C, p sut 2.4 at trc khi vo vng oxi-clo ha. Xc tc ra khi burn zone v reheat zone phi m bo khng cn coke, v thit b vng oxi-clo ha rt d b ph hy nu xy ra qu trnh chy coke y. Clo hu
UOP CCR
Page 48
c c ha hi bng hi nc sau c a vo vng oxi-clo ha, cng vi oxy i ln t vng drying zone, oxy ha v phn tn li kim loi trn cht mang ng thi b sung lng clo cho xc tc. Ra khi vng oxi-clo ha, nh trng lc xc tc chuyn ng xung vng drying zone. Trong vng drying zone xc tc chuyn ng t trn xung, cn dng khng kh nng i t di ln ri dng kh nng chia lm 2 dng: Mt dng i ln vng oxi-clo ha, dng cn li ra khi thp regeneration. T l chia 2 dng ph thuc vo yu cu oxi cho vng burn zone. Ra khi vng drying zone xc tc i vo vng cooling zone, h nhit xung. Nhit xc tc h xung d dng hn cho qu trnh vn chuyn, v gim chi ph cho ch to cc ng ng vn chuyn xc tc. Ngoi ra c cooling zone cn tit kim nng lng cho heater H-1354 v khng kh sau khi vo lm ngui xc tc c tip tc vo heater H-1354 trc khi lm nhim v lm kh trong drying zone. Xc tc ra khi Cooling zone c tip tc vo Nitrogen seal drum, y xc tc trong mi trng nitrogen. Sau xc tc nh trng lc chy vo thit b Lock hopper. Thit b Lock hopper c nhim v vn chuyn xc tc theo tng m nh v nng p sut quanh xc tc ln. ng thi khng ch c vn tc vn chuyn xc tc. Xc tc ra khi Lock hopper i vo L-valve, c nng ln reduction zone bng kh H2, ti reduction zone H2 vo tham gia phn ng kh c a vo 2 ng, ng trn cao c nhit thp hn cn ng di c nhit cao hn. Xc tc sau khi kh, phc hi li hot tnh c chy bng trng lc vo reactor. Kt thc qu trnh ti sinh xc tc. Dng kh ra khi vng reduction a i hn hp vi dng sn phm trc khi vo separator D-1301. Dng khng kh ra khi thit b regeneration tower c a sang thit b Venturi scrubber M-1351 trn cng vi dung dch kim long ri i vo thit b ra kh T-1352 di tng m. Dng kh i t di i ln tip xc tip vi 2 dng dung dch kim: mt dng trn lp m, mt dng di lp m. Kh sau khi c loi b HCl v hp cht Clo, c ra khi thp trn nh. Dng lng i ra khi thp 1 phn c a sang phn xng x l kim, cn mt phn c trn thm kim c nc quay tr li thp ra. 3.2.2 Procees pressure v Environments C rt nhiu ri ro trong qu trnh vn chuyn xc tc gia 2 khu vc phn ng v ti sinh, do2 khu vc ny hot ng 2 p sut v 2 mi trng hon ton
UOP CCR
Page 49
khc nhau. C th nhn thy hnh di y. u tin l cc thit b chu p sut thp khu vc ti sinh cn phi c gi an ton tuyt i khi mi trng p sut cao hn nh khu vc platforming. Th 2 l mi trng H2/ hydrocarbon ca khu vc phn ng cn c cch li khi mi trng cha Oxygen ca khu vc ti sinh. Cc thit k, cngnh cc chng trnh iu khin ca khu vc ti sinh c thit k hon thnh nhim v ny. H2/Hydrocarbon v oxygen c ngn cch bi Nitrogen bubbles. Nitrogen bubble l mt khu vc cha Nitrogen tinh khit nm gia thit b cha hydrogen v thit b cha Oxygen, c p sut cao hn c 2 pha. V d nh khu vc gia reator v regeneration tower: ng ng vn chuyn xc tc v disengaging hopper. Hay khu vc gia regeneration tower v lock hopper: N2 seal drum.
UOP CCR
Page 50
3.2.3 Cc thit b chnh 3.2.3.1 L- valve
L-valve c nhim v vn chuyn xc tc kiu gi tng si ( to fluidize and transport catalyst using lift gas). C 2 L-valve trong phn xng: spent catalyst L valve vn chuyn xc tc t y thit b phn ng ln nh ca disengaging hopper dng kh nng l N2. Cn regenerated catalyst L-valve vn chuyn xc tc t y ca lock hopper ln nh ca thp reactor.( hnh 11.7 L-valve assembly). L-valve c ch to bi thp-carbon. Cu to nh hnh L-valve di y.
UOP CCR
Page 51
Kh nng c chia lm 2 dng: dng s cp nng xc tc ln. Cn dng th cp y xc tc t ng thng ng xung ng nm ngang. ng ng dn kh s cp v th cp u c li chn ngn khng cho xc tc lt vo ng dn kh nng. Nhng ring i vi spent catalyst L-valve th ng ng dn kh th cp khng c li, v nu c s lm sai lch cc tn hiu n h thng isolation system controler. Tc ca kh nng phi c iu khin, nu qu chm s khng nng c xc tc, nu qu nhanh th s d ph hy xc tc v v vn xc tc. Cn nhit th s lm thay i t trng ca kh v tc v vy nhit kh nng ti u l rt quan trng. L-valve cng cn phi c gi sch khi cc mnh vn, hydrocabon lng v cc tp cht v n c th nh hng n vic vn chuyn xc tc. V vy c cc bch ni vic tho Valve ra v sinh mt cch d dng.
UOP CCR
Page 52
3.2.3.2
Lift lines
C 2 lift line vn chuyn xc tc bng kh nng. Mt ci vn chuyn Spent catalyst t Spent catalyst L-valve ln nh ca disengaging hopper. Ci khc vn chuyn regenered catalyst t regenered catalyst L-valve ln nh ca thp phn ng Platforming. hn ch ti thiu xc tc b v v hn ch tt p bin ng nhiu (minimize fluctions in lift line presure drop) th kt cu ca lift line cn phi rt chnh xc. Khi m xc tc i hng chuyn ng th c b phn Impactless elbow c thit k c bit nh hnh 2.3.7 hn ch vic v xc tc. Khi vn chuyn xc tc th trn Lift line khng s dng cc bch ni, m dng Dur-O-Lok c ch to c bit khong cch khe gia 2 on ng ni l nh nht.
UOP CCR
Page 53
3.2.3.3
Regeneration tower Burn zone / reheat zone
a.
t Coke xy ra trn nh ca thp regeneration. Xc tc i vo v chy t trn xung khong c gii hn bi li hnh tr bn ngoi (outer screen) v li bn trong c bn knh nh dn theo hng t trn xung. Kh ti sinh nng c cha hm lng Oxygen thp i theo hng bn knh t ngoi vo trong tip xc vi xc tc chuyn ng t trn xung. Qu trnh t coke phi c hon thnh trc khi i ra khi vng Burn zone. Kh giu oxygen t vng chlorination i ln cung cp oxygen cho qu trnh t Coke. Hn hp kh sau khi i ra khi vng t coke i vo Regeneration Blower B-1352. Kh ra khi Blower c chia lm 3 ng: Mt dng l direct seal gas c tc dng lm kn ngn khng cho xc tc b ri ra ngoi outer screen. Mt dng i vo vng reheat gia nhit cho xc tc ln nhit thch hp trc khi i vo vng chlorination. Cn dng cn li c qua thit b trao i nhit regeneration cooler Blower B-1353 ri vo heater (electric) H-1354 trc khi vo vng t Coke (heater ch c dng khi start up hoc lng nhit ca dng kh mt mt trn ng ng nhiu hn lng nhit sinh ra do t Coke th cn phi dng heater nng n nhit thch hp cho dng kh trc khi vo thp). Trn dng kh vo Burn zone c oxygen analyzer 013-Al-502
UOP CCR
Page 54
iu khin hm lng oxygen. Hm lng Oxygen khng ch trong khong 0.50.8 mol % oxygen. Xc tc ra khi vng burn zone c i vo vng reheat. Trong vng ny xc tc c xc tc vi dng kh nng c nhit 517 0C, p sut 2.5 at t regeneration Blower B-1352 theo hng bn knh. Tc dng ca reheat gas chim khong 10% tng dng lng kh ti sinh. V vng reheat ny cng c thm nhim v t sch nhng coke cn li nu cha t ht Burn zone. Trong vng ny c 8 thermocouples o nhit dc trong vng t trn xung. V cn phi khng ch nhit ca thermocouple th 2 c nhit cao nht th qu trnh t coke n nh v hon ton nht.
b.
Chlorination zone
UOP CCR
Page 55
Oxy ha v phn b li kim loi trn xc tc v thay i li hm lng clo trn cht mang xc tc hi phc li chc axit cho xc tc trong vng clo ha. Xc tc chy bng trng lc t trn xung di, khng kh nng t di vng dry zone i ngc ln. Cn Chloride hu c c ha hi bng hi nc sau i vo thit b phn phi i u vo lp xc tc. Hn hp khng kh v Clo hu c cn li i ln hn hp vi kh vng burn zone.
UOP CCR
Page 56
UOP CCR
Page 57
c. Drying zone
Drying zone nm di vng Chlorination zone, v xc tc chy t vng trn xung nh trng lc vo ci phu hnh nn v c phn b trong tng xc tc hnh tr c mng ngn hnh khuyn ( annular baffle ). Kh vo Drying zone inlet v nh c annular baffle c thit k c bit dng kh vo phi i xung di ht mng ngn, mi i ngc t di ln tip xc vi xc tc i t trn xung. Dng kh ra khi drying zone c chia lm 2 dng. Mt dng kh i tip ln vng chlorination, y clo hu c khuch tn vo trong drying gas ri vo vng chlorination zone. Cn mt dng khc i theo ng dn khc ra ngoi khi thp.
UOP CCR
Page 58
d.
Cooling zone
Cu to vng ny ging vng drying trn. Kh sau khi lm ngui xc tc c i ra khi thp vo hn hp vi khng kh t Air Dryer A-1353, i vo Heater H-1354 cung cp cho vng Drying.
UOP CCR
Page 59
3.2.3.4 Nitrogen seal drum Vt liu ch to: thp carbon Xc tc vo trn nh ca thit b vng disengaging, sau xc tc c chy qua ng standpipe vo vng purge, ri sau ra khi thit b. Cn dng kh N2 vo vng purge sau chia lm 2 ng ra ngoi. Mt dng i qua standpipe ngc ln vng disengaging v ra theo ng xc tc vo. Cn 1 ng ra cng vi xc tc di purge. Chc nng ca thit b ch ngn cch gia 2 mi trng cha Oxygen v Hydrogen.
UOP CCR
Page 60
3.2.3.5
Lock hopper
Vt liu bn trong l : killed carbon steel Chia lm 3 vng: Disengaging zone, lock hopper zone, Surge zone
UOP CCR
Page 61
Cc zone c operate di mi trng ca kh Hydro nhng 2 p sut khc nhau. Cc zone c thit k vn chuyn xc tc ny theo m nh v nng p sut xung quanh xc tc ln. Disengaging zone hot ng ti p sut gn vi thp regeneration tower T-1351. Surge zone hot ng ti p sut ca Regenerated catalyst L-valve. p sut ca Lock hopper zone lun phin chn gia 2 p sut y. Disengaging zone c 2 nozzle: Mt ci equalization nozzle cho kh t vng lock hopper n v mt ci vent noozle c li (screen) x cc kh d. Lock hopper zone c mt nozzle equalization nozzle c screen cho kh t surge zone ln
UOP CCR
Page 62
vng disengaging. Vng Surge cng c 2 nozzle: Equalization nozzle c screen cho kh ln Lock hopper. Cn ci nozzle cn li cho kh make up ln Lock hopper. Thit b o mc xc tc 013-LE-508 c treo bn ngoi lock hopper zone iu khin qu trnh loading v unloading cho lock hopper. Cn thit b o mc xc tc 013-LE-507 ngoi Surge zone o mc xc tc trong surge zone. ( Hnh 2.3.5 )
Hot ng ca Lock hopper c th c m t nh sau ( Nhn hnh 1.2 di):
UOP CCR
Page 63
0. Ready
Lock hopper zone y xc tc v c p sut bng p sut Disengaging zone. i tn hiu bt u chu trnh. 1. Pressure
Valve XV-25 ng hon ton, valve XV-26 m ht c, cn van XV-27 m t t sau ng 1 phn cho kh make up vo nng dn p sut ca lock hopper zone ln bng p sut vng purge zone 2. Unload
Khi p sut gia 2 vng lock hopper v purge zone bng nhau th xc tc chy bng trng lc t lock hopper zone xung vng purge zone 3. Depressure
Ht xc tc lock hopper zone th valve XV 26 ng hon ton, valve XV-25 m ht c, valve XV-27 t t ng li sau m 1 phn, p sut cu lock hopper zone x dn dn bng p sut disengaging zone. 4. Load
Xc tc c chy t disengaging zone xung lock hopper zone n khi y.Tip tc quay tr li trng thi ready
3.2.3.6
Reduction Zone
Vt liu bn trong :Cr-Mo alloy steel t trn nh thit b reactor. Xc tc vo nh ca thit b qua ng ng nng xc tc ti sinh bng kh nng Reduction zone gm c 2 vng: vng kh pha trn v vng kh pha di. C 2 vng u l dng tng xc tc hnh tr.
UOP CCR
Page 64
Kh H2 vo thit b qua 2 nozzles trn tng ca thit b: Kh vo phn vng kh trn i vo pha trn tng xc tc i xuyn qua lp xc tc t trn xung di v i ra nozzle nm pha di ca annular baffle ca tng xc tc trn; tng xc tc pha di dng kh li c i t pha di ca annular baffle ca tng nyv i xuyn lp xc tc t di ln. Kh thot ra cng ng vi dng kh ca tng xc tc trn. Phi chia ra lm 2 vng kh nh vy qu trnh kh thu c hiu qu tt nht. Kh nhit thp c tin hnh tng trn v nc to ra tng ny c kh cun theo v mang ra ngoi. Nu trong iu kin nhit cao v hm lng m ln th xc tc d dng b ph hy. Cn tng di nhit cao nhng trong mi trng kh hn nn kim loi khng b ngng kt (metal agglomeration) xc tc khng b ph hy v qu trnh kh c thc hin hon ton.
UOP CCR
Page 65
3.2.3.7
Disengaging hopper
c ch to bi thp carbon. Disengaging hopper l thng hnh tr c elutriation pipe cm trn nh ca Disengaging hopper. ng dn xc tc qua
UOP CCR
Page 66
s dng c a vo bn cnh sn ca elutriation pipe. V kh elutriation i vo bn cnh sn ca disengaging hopper v i ra elutriation pipe. Cc xc tc v, vn v vi ht xc tc c dng kh mang ra khi thit b nh elutriation pipe. Cc ht xc tc cn nguyn vn c ri xung y ca thit b disengaging hopper v qua cc ng dn dn sang thit b regeneration tower.
3.2.3.8 Dust collector
UOP CCR
Page 67
Thit b Dust collector A-1352 loi b xc tc vn, v t kh elutriation. Kh elutriation vo cnh sn ca thit b i qua lc ti o (the felted cloth filter element) v i ra nh. Cc xc tc vn v c gi li trn ti lc hoc ri xung y thit b. Nu xc tc bm trn ti lc qu nhiu th tt p quanh ti lc tng. Khi 013-PDH-508 bo ng chnh p cao th s dng kh N2 thi vo Reverse jet gas inlet lm sch ti lc.
UOP CCR
Page 68
Bo co thc tp tt nghip S thu hi bi xc tc:
UOP CCR
Page 69
Bo co thc tp tt nghip KT LUN CHUNG

Sau t thc tp va qua ti nh my lc du Dung Qut chng em thu c nhng kt qu rt thit thc m ch c i thc tp chng em mi c c:
Tng quan v nh my Cch thc hot ng ca nh my Dy chuyn Cng ngh UOP CCR Nm c cu to ca cc thit b chnh V thi gian thc tp ngn nn nhng g chng em tm hiu c cn rt hn
ch, knh mong thy c gio xem v cho kin nh gi em cng c li ln na nhng kin thc ca mnh. Cui cng, em xin chn thnh cm n C Phm Thanh Huyn v Cng ty lc ha du Bnh Sn to iu kin cho chng em hon thnh t thc tp ny.
UOP CCR
Page 70

báo cáo thực tập dung quất

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

báo cáo thực tập dung quất

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bo co thc tp tt nghip LI M U

H ni, thng 3 nm 2012 Sinh vin thc hin:

La Tin Nam Phm S ng

MPS: 14-16 kg/cm2 HPS: 40-42 kg/cm2 HHPS: 100-105 kg/cm2

CCC(phng iu KV1A 12 khin trung tm) 23 13 38 51 59 36 35 31 RO 39 KVPP KV3 19 20 PP 18 24

Naphtha: t phn xng CDU; Hydro: t phn xng CCR.

Off gas: s dng lm kh nhin liu trong nh my;

Khu b cha du th gm c 6 b cha, mi b c th tch cha 65000 m3.

Chng 3: PHN XNG CCR

UOP CCR Platforming

Cc phn xy ra trong qu trnh Reforming xc tc.

Bao gm cc phn ng:

Dehydro ha cc hydrocacbon Naphten. Dehydro vng ha cc cc hydrocacbon paraphin ng phn ha v hydrocracking.

Phn ng phn hu v kh cc hp cht c cha oxy, nit ,lu hunh thnh

H2S ,NH3 , H2O.

Phn ng phn hu cc hp cht trung gian khng bn nh

Olefin, diolefin vi cc hydrocacbon thm , dn n to thnh hp cht nha v cc bm trn b mt xc tc .

Phn ng dehydroha naphten thnh hydrocacbon thm.

Phn ng dehydro vng ho n-parafin:

Phng trnh tng qut c dng: R-C-C-C-C-C-C + 4H2 ( Q = 60 cal/mol )

Ngi ta thng chia phn ng hydroIsome ho thnh hai loi:

Phn ng hydrocracking v naphten:

R4H + R3H + Q = 20 KCal/mol

Nhm cc phn ng tch cc nguyn t d th:

+ 5H2 C5H12 + NH3

N Pyrol - Tch lu hunh (Hydrodesunfua):

+ 4H2 C5H12 + H2S

RH + H2S 2RH + H2S 2RH + 2H2S C-C-C-C + H2S

-Tch oxy: ROH + H2 RH + H2O

Fuel gas: sau khi ra khi thit b debutanizer s c a n

Unstabilized LPG Unstabilized LPG (mole %)

H2 H2O Ethane Propane i-Butane n-Butane i-Pentane n-Pentane C6+

0.08 0.006 0.21 36.61 23.64 33.87 0.88 0.05 0.06

Property RONC MON C4-content,% vol

Value 102 min 91 min 1% max

Test Method ASTM D-2699 ASTM D-2700 UOP 880

Compound Ethane Propane i-Butane n-Butane i-Pentane n-Pentane C6+

Reformate (mole %) ppm 0.02 0.32 0.92 1.87 1.25 95.6

Dy chuyn cng ngh Flatforming.

3.1.5 Xc tc ca qu trnh. Xc tc 2 chc nng

Cc b phn chnh. B phn reactor:

dng sn phm i ra b gim v vy n c a qua l t s 2 gia nhit ln

Entanpy Entanpy Vo (kw) ra (kw) 59208 65053 68502 71721

549 549 549 549

441 479 501 521

5 4.5 4.0 3.5

4.8 4.2 3.8 3.3

Thuyt minh lu trnh ti sinh

3.2.3 Cc thit b chnh 3.2.3.1 L- valve

Regeneration tower Burn zone / reheat zone

Hot ng ca Lock hopper c th c m t nh sau ( Nhn hnh 1.2 di):

3.2.3.8 Dust collector

Bo co thc tp tt nghip S thu hi bi xc tc:

Bo co thc tp tt nghip KT LUN CHUNG

You might also like