Tuyen BDT

Trn S Tng Tuyn tp Bt ng thc
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PHN I: LUYN TP CN BN

I. Chng minh BT da vo nh ngha v tnh cht c bn:
1. Cho a, b > 0 chng minh:
+ + | |
>
|
\ .
3 3 3
a b a b
2 2

2. Chng minh:
+ +
s
2 2
a b a b
2 2

3. Cho a + b > 0 chng minh:
+ +
>
3 3
3
a b a b
2 2

4. Cho a, b > 0 . Chng minh: + > +
a b
a b
b a

5. Chng minh: Vi a > b > 1: + >
+
+ +
2 2
1 1 2
1 ab
1 a 1 b

6. Chng minh: ( ) + + + > + +
2 2 2
a b c 3 2 a b c ; a , b , c e R
7. Chng minh: ( ) + + + + > + + +
2 2 2 2 2
a b c d e a b c d e
8. Chng minh: + + > + +
2 2 2
x y z xy yz zx
9. a. Chng minh:
+ + + +
> >
a b c ab bc ca
; a,b,c 0
3 3

b. Chng minh:
+ + + + | |
>
|
\ .
2 2 2 2
a b c a b c
3 3

10. Chng minh: + + > +
2
2 2
a
b c ab ac 2bc
4

11. Chng minh: + + > + +
2 2
a b 1 ab a b
12. Chng minh: + + > +
2 2 2
x y z 2xy 2xz 2yz
13. Chng minh: + + + > + +
4 4 2 2
x y z 1 2xy(xy x z 1)
14. Chng minh: Nu a + b > 1 th: + >
3 3
1
a b
4

15. Cho a, b, c l s o di 3 cnh ca 1 tam gic. Chng minh:
a. ab + bc + ca s a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
< 2(ab + bc + ca).
b. abc > (a + b c)(a + c b)(b + c a)
c. 2a
2
b
2
+ 2b
2
c
2
+ 2c
2
a
2
a
4
b
4
c
4
> 0

Tuyn tp Bt ng thc Trn S Tng

II. Chng minh BT da vo BT CSI:

1. Chng minh: + + + > > (a b)(b c)(c a) 8abc ; a,b,c 0
2. Chng minh: + + + + > >
2 2 2
(a b c)(a b c ) 9abc ; a,b,c 0
3. Chng minh: ( )( ) ( ) ( ) + + + > +
3
3
1 a 1 b 1 c 1 abc vi a , b , c > 0
4. Cho a, b > 0. Chng minh:
+ | | | |
+ + + >
| |
\ . \ .
m m
m 1
a b
1 1 2
b a
, vi m e Z
+

5. Chng minh: + + > + + >
bc ca ab
a b c ; a,b,c 0
a b c

6. Chng minh:
+
> >
6 9
2 3
x y
3x y 16 ; x,y 0
4

7. Chng minh: + >
+
4 2
2
1
2a 3a 1
1 a
.
8. Chng minh: ( ) >
1995
a 1995 a 1 , a > 0
9. Chng minh:
( ) ( ) ( )
+ + + + + >
2 2 2 2 2 2
a 1 b b 1 c c 1 a 6abc .
10. Cho a , b > 0. Chng minh:
| |
+ + s + +
|
\ . + + +
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c 1 1 1 1
2 a b c
a b b c a c

11. Cho a , b > 1 , chng minh: > + ab a b 1 b a 1.
12. Cho x, y, z > 1 v x + y + z = 4. Chng minh: xyz > 64(x 1)(y 1)(z 1)
13. Cho a > b > c, Chng minh: ( )( ) >
3
a 3 a b b c c .
14. Cho: a , b , c > 0 v a + b + c = 1. Chng minh:
a) b + c > 16abc.
b) (1 a)(1 b)(1 c) > 8abc
c)
| || || |
+ + + >
| | |
\ .\ .\ .
1 1 1
1 1 1 64
a b c

15. Cho x > y > 0 . Chng minh:
( )
+ >
1
x 3
x y y

16. Chng minh:
a)
+
>
+
2
2
x 2
2
x 1
,x e R b)
+
>
x 8
6
x 1
, x > 1 c)
+
>
+
2
2
a 5
4
a 1

17. Chng minh:
+ +
+ + s >
+ + +
ab bc ca a b c
; a, b, c 0
a b b c c a 2

18. Chng minh: + s
+ +
2 2
4 4
x y 1
4
1 16x 1 16y
, x , y e R

19. Chng minh: + + >
+ + +
a b c 3
b c a c a b 2
; a , b , c > 0
20. Cho a , b , c > 0. C/m:
+ + s
+ + + + + +
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1
abc
a b abc b c abc c a abc

21. p dng BT Csi cho hai s chng minh:
a. + + + >
4
a b c d 4 abcd vi a , b , c , d > 0 (Csi 4 s)
b. + + >
3
a b c 3 abc vi a , b , c > 0 , (Csi 3 s )
22. Chng minh: + + > + +
3 3 3 2 2 2
a b c a bc b ac c ab ; a , b , c > 0
3 9 4
2 a 3 b 4 c 9 abc
24. Cho = +
x 18
y
2 x
, x > 0. nh x y t GTNN.
25. Cho = + >
x 2
y ,x 1
2 x 1
. nh x y t GTNN.
26. Cho = + >
+
3x 1
y , x 1
2 x 1
. nh x y t GTNN.
27. Cho = + >
x 5 1
y ,x
3 2x 1 2
. nh x y t GTNN.
28. Cho = +
x 5
y
1 x x
, 0 < x < 1 . nh x y t GTNN.
29. Cho
+
=
3
2
x 1
y
x
, x > 0 . nh x y t GTNN.
30. Tm GTNN ca
+ +
=
2
x 4x 4
f(x)
x
, x > 0.
31. Tm GTNN ca = +
2
3
2
f(x) x
x
, x > 0.
32. Tm GTLN ca f(x) = (2x 1)(3 5x)
33. Cho y = x(6 x) , 0 s x s 6 . nh x y t GTLN.
34. Cho y = (x + 3)(5 2x) , 3 s x s
5
2
. nh x y t GTLN
35. Cho y = (2x + 5)(5 x) , s s
5
x 5
2
. nh x y t GTLN
36. Cho y = (6x + 3)(5 2x) ,
1
2
s x s
5
2
. nh x y t GTLN
37. Cho =
+
2
x
y
x 2
. nh x y t GTLN

38. Cho
( )
=
+
2
3
2
x
y
x 2
. nh x y t GTLN

III. Chng minh BT da vo BT Bunhiacpxki

1. Chng minh: (ab + cd)
2
s (a
2
+ c
2
)(b
2
+ d
2
) BT Bunhiacopxki
2. Chng minh: + s sinx cosx 2
3. Cho 3a 4b = 7. Chng minh: 3a
2
+ 4b
2
> 7.
2
+ 5b
2
>
725
47
.
2
+ 11b
2
>
2464
137
.
6. Cho a + b = 2. Chng minh: a
4
+ b
4
> 2.
7. Cho a + b > 1 Chng minh: + >
2 2
1
a b
2

Li gii:

I. Chng minh BT da vo nh ngha v tnh cht c bn:
1. Cho a, b > 0 chng minh:
+ + | |
>
|
\ .
3 3 3
a b a b
2 2
(*)
(*)
+ + | |
>
|
\ .
3 3 3
a b a b
0
2 2
( ) ( ) + >
2 3
a b a b 0
8
. PCM.
2. Chng minh:
+ +
s
2 2
a b a b
2 2
()
a + b s 0 , () lun ng.
a + b > 0 , ()
+ + +
s
2 2 2 2
a b 2ab a b
0
4 2

( )
>
2
a b
0
4
, ng.
Vy:
+ +
s
2 2
a b a b
2 2
.
3. Cho a + b > 0 chng minh:
+ +
>
3 3
3
a b a b
2 2

( ) + +
s
3 3 3
a b a b
8 2

( ) ( )
s
2 2
3 b a a b 0 ( ) ( ) + s
2
3 b a a b 0 , PCM.
4. Cho a, b > 0 . Chng minh: + > +
a b
a b
b a
()
() + > + a a b b a b b a ( ) ( ) > a b a a b b 0

( ) ( ) > a b a b 0 ( ) ( ) + >
2
a b a b 0 , PCM.
5. Chng minh: Vi a > b > 1: + >
+
+ +
2 2
1 1 2
1 ab
1 a 1 b
()
+ >
+ +
+ +
2 2
1 1 1 1
0
1 ab 1 ab
1 a 1 b
( )( ) ( )( )

+ >
+ + + +
2 2
2 2
ab a ab b
0
1 a 1 ab 1 b 1 ab

( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )

+ >
+ + + +
2 2
a b a b a b
0
1 a 1 ab 1 b 1 ab

| |
>
|
+
+ + \ .
2 2
b a a b
0
1 ab
1 a 1 b

( ) ( )
| |
+
> |
|
+
+ + \ .
2 2
2 2
b a a ab b ba
0
1 ab
1 a 1 b

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )

>
+ + +
2
2 2
b a ab 1
0
1 ab 1 a 1 b
, PCM.
V : a > b > 1 ab > 1 ab 1 > 0.
6. Chng minh: ( ) + + + > + +
2 2 2
a b c 3 2 a b c ; a , b , c e R
( ) ( ) ( ) + + >
2 2 2
a 1 b 1 c 1 0 . PCM.
7. Chng minh: ( ) + + + + > + + +
2 2 2 2 2
a b c d e a b c d e
+ + + + + + + >
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
a a a a
ab b ac c ad d ae e 0
4 4 4 4

| | | | | | | |
+ + + >
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
2 2 2 2
a a a a
b c d e 0
2 2 2 2
. PCM
8. Chng minh: + + > + +
2 2 2
x y z xy yz zx
+ + >
2 2 2
2x 2y 2z 2xy 2yz 2zx 0
( )
( )
( ) + + >
2 2 2
x y x z y z 0
9. a. Chng minh:
+ + + +
> >
a b c ab bc ca
; a,b,c 0
3 3

+ + > + +
2 2 2
a b c ab bc ca

+ + + + + + + + + | |
= >
|
\ .
2 2 2 2
a b c a b c 2ab 2bc 2ca ab bc ca
3 9 3

+ + + +
>
a b c ab bc ca
3 3

b. Chng minh:
+ + + + | |
>
|
\ .
2 2 2 2
a b c a b c
3 3

( ) ( )
+ + = + + + + +
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 a b c a b c 2 a b c
( ) ( ) > + + + + + = + +
2 2 2 2
a b c 2 ab bc ca a b c

+ + + + | |
>
|
\ .
2 2 2 2
a b c a b c
3 3

10. Chng minh: + + > +
2
2 2
a
b c ab ac 2bc
4

( ) + + >
2
2 2
a
a b c b c 2bc 0
4
( )
| |
>
|
\ .
2
a
b c 0
2
.
11. Chng minh: + + > + +
2 2
a b 1 ab a b
+ + >
2 2
2a 2b 2 2ab 2a 2b 0
+ + + + + + + >
2 2 2 2
a 2ab b a 2a 1 b 2b 1 0
( ) ( ) ( ) + + >
2 2 2
a b a 1 b 1 0 .
12. Chng minh: + + > +
2 2 2
x y z 2xy 2xz 2yz
+ + + >
2 2 2
x y z 2xy 2xz 2yz 0 (x y + z)
2
> 0.
13. Chng minh: + + + > + +
4 4 2 2
x y z 1 2x(xy x z 1)
+ + + + >
4 4 2 2 2 2
x y z 1 2x y 2x 2xz 2x 0
( ) ( ) ( ) + + >
2
2 2 2 2
x y x z x 1 0 .
14. Chng minh: Nu a + b > 1 th: + >
3 3
1
a b
4

a + b > 1 b > 1 a b
3
= (1 a)
3
= 1 a + a
2
a
3

a
3
+ b
3
=
| |
+ >
|
\ .
2
1 1 1
3 a
2 4 4
.
15. Cho a, b, c l s o di 3 cnh ca 1 tam gic. Chng minh:
a. ab + bc + ca s a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
< 2(ab + bc + ca).
ab + bc + ca s a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
(a b)
2
+ (a c)
2
+ (b c)
2

> > > a b c , b a c , c a b
> +
2 2 2
a b 2bc c , > +
2 2 2
b a 2ac c , > +
2 2 2
c a 2ab b
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
< 2(ab + bc + ca).
b. abc > (a + b c)(a + c b)(b + c a)
( ) >
2 2 2
a a b c ( ) ( ) > + +
2
a a c b a b c
( ) >
2 2 2
b b a c ( ) ( ) > + +
2
b b c a a b c
( ) >
2 2 2
c c a b ( ) ( ) > + +
2
c b c a a c b
( ) ( ) ( ) > + + +
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c a b c a c b b c a
( ) ( ) ( ) > + + + abc a b c a c b b c a
c. 2a
2
b
2
+ 2b
2
c
2
+ 2c
2
a
2
a
4
b
4
c
4
> 0
4a
2
b
2
+ 2c
2
(b
2
+ a
2
) a
4
b
4
2a
2
b
2
c
4
> 0

4a
2
b
2
+ 2c
2
(b
2
+ a
2
) (a
2
+ b
2
)
2
c
4
> 0
(2ab)
2
[(a
2
+ b
2
) c
2
]
2
> 0 [c
2
(a b)
2
][(a + b)
2
c
2
] > 0
(c a + b)(c + a b)(a + b c)(a + b + c) > 0 . ng
V a , b , c l ba cnh ca tam gic
c a + b > 0 , c + a b > 0 , a + b c > 0 , a + b + c > 0.
II. Chng minh BT da vo BT CSI:

1. Chng minh: + + + > > (a b)(b c)(c a) 8abc ; a, b, c 0
p dng bt ng thc Csi cho hai s khng m:
+ > a b 2 ab , + > b c 2 bc , + > a c 2 ac
( )( ) ( ) + + + > =
2 2 2
a b b c a c 8 a b c 8abc .
2. Chng minh: + + + + > >
2 2 2
(a b c)(a b c ) 9abc ; a,b,c 0
p dng bt ng thc Csi cho ba s khng m:
+ + >
3
a b c 3 abc , + + >
3 2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c 3 a b c
( ) ( )
+ + + + > =
3 2 2 2 3 3 3
a b c a b c 9 a b c 9abc .
3. Chng minh: ( )( ) ( ) ( ) + + + > +
3
3
1 a 1 b 1 c 1 abc , vi a , b , c > 0.
( )( ) ( ) + + + = + + + + + + + 1 a 1 b 1 c 1 a b c ab ac bc abc.
+ + >
3
a b c 3 abc , + + >
3 2 2 2
ab ac bc 3 a b c
( )( )( ) ( ) + + + > + + + = +
3
3 2 2 2 3 3
1 a 1 b 1 c 1 3 abc 3 a b c abc 1 abc
4. Cho a, b > 0. Chng minh:
+ | | | |
+ + + >
| |
\ . \ .
m m
m 1
a b
1 1 2
b a
, vi m e Z
+

+
| | | | | | | | | |
+ + + > + + = + +
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
> =
m m m m m
m m 1
a b a b b a
1 1 2 1 . 1 2 2
b a b a a b
2 4 2

5. Chng minh: + + > + + >
bc ca ab
a b c ; a, b, c 0
a b c

p dng BT Csi cho hai s khng m:
+ > =
2
bc ca abc
2 2c
a b ab
, + > =
2
bc ba b ac
2 2b
a c ac
,
+ > =
2
ca ab a bc
2 2a
b c bc

+ + > + +
bc ca ab
a b c
a b c
.

6. Chng minh:
+
> >
6 9
2 3
x y
3x y 16 ; x,y 0
4
()
() + + >
6 9 2 3
x y 64 12x y
( )
( ) + + >
3 3
2 3 3 2 3
x y 4 12x y
p dng BT Csi cho ba s khng m:

( )
( ) + + > =
3 3
2 3 3 2 3 2 3
x y 4 3x y 4 12x y .
7. Chng minh: + >
+
4 2
2
1
2a 3a 1
1 a
()
() + + + + >
+
4 4 2 2
2
1
a a a 1 4a
1 a
.
p dng BT Csi cho 4 s khng m: +
+
4 4 2
2
1
a , a , a 1,
1 a

( )
+ + + + > + =
+ +
4 4 2 4 4 2 2
4
2 2
1 1
a a a 1 4 a a a 1 4a
1 a 1 a

8. Chng minh: ( ) >
1995
a 1995 a 1 () , a > 0
() > + >
1995 1995
a 1995a 1995 a 1995 1995a

+ > + = + + + + > =
1995 1995 1995 1995 1995

1994 so
a 1995 a 1994 a 1 1 ... 1 1995 a 1995a
9. Chng minh:
( ) ( ) ( )
+ + + + + >
2 2 2 2 2 2
a 1 b b 1 c c 1 a 6abc .

( ) ( ) ( )
+ + + + + = + + + + +
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a 1 b b 1 c c 1 a a a b b b c c c a
p dng bt ng thc Csi cho 6 s khng m:
+ + + + + > =
6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 6
a a b b b c c c a 6 a b c 6abc
10. Cho a , b > 0. Chng minh:
| |
+ + s + +
|
\ .
+ + +
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c 1 1 1 1
2 a b c
a b b c a c

s =
+
2 2
a a 1
2ab 2b
a b
, s =
+
2 2
b b 1
2bc 2c
b c
, s =
+
2 2
c c 1
2ac 2a
a c

Vy:
| |
+ + s + +
|
\ .
+ + +
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c 1 1 1 1
2 a b c
a b b c a c

11. Cho a , b > 1 , chng minh: > + ab a b 1 b a 1.
( ) ( ) = + > = + > a a 1 1 2 a 1, b b 1 1 2 b 1
> > ab 2b a 1, ab 2a b 1
> + ab a b 1 b a 1
12. Cho x, y, z > 1 v x + y + z = 4. C/m: xyz > 64(x 1)(y 1)(z 1)

( ) ( ) = + = + + + x x 1 1 x 1 x y z 3
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) = + + + >
2
4
x 1 x 1 y 1 z 1 4 x 1 y 1 z 1
Tng t: ( )
( )
( )
>
2
4
y 4 x 1 y 1 z 1 ; ( )
( )
( )
>
2
4
z 4 x 1 y 1 z 1
xyz > 64(x 1)(y 1)(z 1).
13. Cho a > b > c, Chng minh: ( )( ) >
3
a 3 a b b c c .
( ) ( ) ( )( )
= + + >
3
a a b b c c 3 a b b c c
14. Cho: a , b , c > 0 v a + b + c = 1. Chng minh:
a) b + c > 16abc.

+ | |
>
|
\ .
2
b c
bc
2
( )
+ | | | |
s = =
| |
\ . \ .
2 2
2 b c 1 a
16abc 16a 16a 4a 1 a
2 2

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(
= = s = +
2 2 2
4a 1 a 1 a 4a 4a 1 a 1 1 2a 1 a b c
b) (1 a)(1 b)(1 c) > 8abc
(1 a)(1 b)(1 c) = (b + c)(a + c)(a + b) > = 2 bc.2 ac.2 ab 8abc
c)
| || || |
+ + + >
| | |
\ .\ .\ .
1 1 1
1 1 1 64
a b c

+ + + | | | |
+ = >
| |
\ . \ .
4 2
1 a a b c 4 a bc
1
a a a

+ >
4 2
1 4 ab c
1
b b
+ >
4 2
1 4 abc
1
c c

| || || |
+ + + >
| | |
\ .\ .\ .
1 1 1
1 1 1 64
a b c

15. Cho x > y > 0 . Chng minh:
( )
+ >
1
x 3
x y y

( )
( )
( )
( )
= + + > =

3
x y y 1
VT x y y 3 3
x y y x y y

16. Chng minh:
a)
+
>
+
2
2
x 2
2
x 1
+ > +
2 2
x 2 2 x 1 + + > +
2 2
x 1 1 2 x 1
b)
+
x 8
x 1
=
+
= + > =

x 1 9 9 9
x 1 2 x 1 6
x 1 x 1 x 1

c.
( ) ( )
+ + > + = +
2 2 2
a 1 4 2 4 a 1 4 a 1
+
>
+
2
2
a 5
4
a 1


17. Chng minh:
+ +
+ + s >
+ + +
ab bc ca a b c
; a, b, c 0
a b b c c a 2

V : + > a b 2 ab
s =
+
ab ab ab
a b 2 2 ab
, s =
+
bc bc bc
b c 2 2 bc
, s =
+
ac ac ac
a c 2 2 ac

+ + > + + a b c ab bc ca , da vo: + + > + +
2 2 2
a b c ab bc ca .

+ + + +
+ + s s
+ + +
ab bc ca ab bc ac a b c
a b b c c a 2 2

18. Chng minh: + s
+ +
2 2
4 4
x y 1
4
1 16x 1 16y
, x , y e R

( )
= s =
+ +
2 2 2
4 2 2
x x x 1
8
1 16x 2.4x 1 4x

( )
= s =
+ +
2 2 2
4 2 2
y y y 1
8
1 16y 2.4y 1 4y

+ s
+ +
2 2
4 4
x y 1
4
1 16x 1 16y

+ + +
a b c 3
b c a c a b 2
; a , b , c > 0
t X = b + c , Y = c + a , Z = a + b.
a + b + c =
1
2
(X + Y + Z)

+ + +
= = =
Y Z X Z X Y X Y Z
a , b , c
2 2 2

( | | | | | |
+ + = + + + + +
| | |
(
+ + + \ . \ . \ .
a b c 1 Y X Z X Z Y
3
b c a c a b 2 X Y X Z Y Z

| | > + + =
1 3
2 2 2 3
2 2
.
Cch khc:

| | | | | |
+ + = + + + + +
| | |
+ + + + + + \ . \ . \ .
a b c a b c
1 1 1 3
b c a c a b b c a c a b

( ) ( ) ( ) | |
| |
= + + + + + + +
|
+ + + \ .
1 1 1 1
a b b c c a 3
2 b c a c a b

p dng bt ng thc Csi cho ba s khng m:
( ) ( ) ( ) | |
| |
+ + + + + + + > =
|
+ + + \ .
1 1 1 1 9 3
a b b c c a 3
2 b c a c a b 2 2


20. Cho a , b , c > 0. C/m:
+ + s
+ + + + + +
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1
abc
a b abc b c abc c a abc

( ) ( ) ( ) + = + + > +
3 3 2 2
a b a b a ab a a b ab
( ) ( ) + + > + + = + +
3 3
a b abc a b ab abc ab a b c , tng t
( ) ( ) + + > + + = + +
3 3
b c abc b c bc abc bc a b c
( ) ( ) + + > + + = + +
3 3
c a abc c a ca abc ca a b c

( ) ( ) ( )
+ + | |
s + + =
|
+ + + + + + + + \ .
1 1 1 1 a b c
VT
ab a b c bc a b c ca a b c a b c abc

21. p dng BT Csi cho hai s chng minh:
a. + + + >
4
a b c d 4 abcd vi a , b , c , d > 0 (Csi 4 s)
+ > + > a b 2 ab , c d 2 cd
( ) ( ) + + > + > >
4
a b cd 2 ab cd 2 2 ab. cd 4 abcd
b. + + >
3
a b c 3 abc vi a , b , c > 0 , (Csi 3 s )

+ + + +
+ + + >
4
a b c a b c
a b c 4. abc
3 3

+ + + +
>
4
a b c a b c
abc
3 3

+ + + + | |
>
|
\ .
4
a b c a b c
abc
3 3

+ + | |
>
|
\ .
3
a b c
abc
3
+ + >
3
a b c 3 abc .
22. Chng minh: + + > + +
3 3 3 2 2 2
a b c a bc b ac c ab ; a , b , c > 0
+ >
3 2
a abc 2a bc , + >
3 2
b abc 2b ac , + >
3 2
c abc 2c ab
( ) + + + > + +
3 3 3 2 2 2
a b c 3abc 2 a bc b ac c ab

( ) ( ) + + > + +
3 3 3 2 2 2
2 a b c 2 a bc b ac c ab ,
v : + + >
3 3 3
a b c 3abc
Vy: + + > + +
3 3 3 2 2 2
a b c a bc b ac c ab
3 9 4
2 a 3 b 4 c 9 abc
p dng bt ng thc Csi cho 9 s khng m:
= + + + + + + + + >
3 3 3 9 4 4 4 4
VT a a b b b c c c c 9 abc
24. Cho = +
x 18
y
2 x
, x > 0. nh x y t GTNN.
p dng BT Csi cho hai s khng m: = + > =
x 18 x 18
y 2 . 6
2 x 2 x


Du = xy ra = = =
2
x 18
x 36 x 6
2 x
, chn x = 6.
Vy: Khi x = 6 th y t GTNN bng 6
25. Cho = + >
x 2
y ,x 1
2 x 1
. nh x y t GTNN.

= + +
x 1 2 1
y
2 x 1 2

p dng bt ng thc Csi cho hai s khng m
x 1 2
,
2 x 1
:

= + + > + =

x 1 2 1 x 1 2 1 5
y 2 .
2 x 1 2 2 x 1 2 2

Du = xy ra ( )
=
= =

=

2
x 3 x 1 2
x 1 4
x 1(loai) 2 x 1

Vy: Khi x = 3 th y t GTNN bng
5
2

26. Cho = + >
+
3x 1
y , x 1
2 x 1
. nh x y t GTNN.

+
= +
+
3(x 1) 1 3
y
2 x 1 2

( )
+
+
3 x 1 1
,
2 x 1
:

( ) ( ) + +
= + > =
+ +
3 x 1 1 3 3 x 1 1 3 3
y 2 . 6
2 x 1 2 2 x 1 2 2

Du = xy ra

( )
( )

=
+

= + =
+
=
2
6
x 1
3 x 1 1 2 3
x 1
2 x 1 3
6
x 1( loai )
3

Vy: Khi =
6
x 1
3
th y t GTNN bng
3
6
2

27. Cho = + >
x 5 1
y ,x
3 2x 1 2
. nh x y t GTNN.

= + +
2x 1 5 1
y
6 2x 1 3

2x 1 5
,
6 2x 1
:

+
= + + > + =

2x 1 5 1 2x 1 5 1 30 1
y 2 .
6 2x 1 3 6 2x 1 3 3

Du = xy ra
( )

+
=

= =

+
=
2
30 1
x
2x 1 5 2
2x 1 30
6 2x 1
30 1
x (loai )
2

Vy: Khi
+
=
30 1
x
2
th y t GTNN bng
+ 30 1
3

28. Cho = +
x 5
y
1 x x
, 0 < x < 1 . nh x y t GTNN.

( ) +
= + = + + > + = +

x 5 1 x 5x x x 1 x 1 x
f(x) 5 5 2 5 5 2 5 5
1 x x 1 x x 1 x x

Du = xy ra
| |
= = =
|
\ .
2
x 1 x x 5 5
5 5 x
1 x x 1 x 4
(0 < x < 1)
Vy: GTNN ca y l + 2 5 5 khi
=
5 5
x
4

29. Cho
+
=
3
2
x 1
y
x
, x > 0 . nh x y t GTNN.

+
= + = + + > =
3
3
2 2 2 2 3
x 1 1 x x 1 x x 1 3
x 3
2 2 2 2 4 x x x x

Du = xy ra = =
2
x x 1
2 2
x
=
3
x 2 .
Vy: GTNN ca y l
3
3
4
khi =
3
x 2
30. Tm GTNN ca
+ +
=
2
x 4x 4
f(x)
x
, x > 0.

+ +
= + + > + =
2
x 4x 4 4 4
x 4 2 x. 4 8
x x x

Du = xy ra =
4
x
x
x = 2 (x > 0).
Vy: GTNN ca y l 8 khi x = 2.
31. Tm GTNN ca = +
2
3
2
f(x) x
x
, x > 0.

| |
| |
+ = + + + + > = |
|
\ . \ .
3
2 2 2 2 2
2
5
3 3 3 3 5
2 x x x 1 1 x 1 5
x 5
3 3 3 3 27 x x x x

Du = xy ra = =
2
5
3
x 1
x 3
3
x
x = 2 (x > 0).
Vy: GTNN ca y l
5
5
27
khi =
5
x 3 .
32. Tm GTLN ca f(x) = (2x 1)(3 5x)
f(x) = 10x
2
+ 11x 3 =
| | | |
= + s
| |
\ . \ .
2
2
11x 11 1 1
10 x 3 10 x
10 20 40 40

Du = xy ra =
11
x
20

Vy: Khi =
11
x
20
th y t GTLN bng
1
40
.
33. Cho y = x(6 x) , 0 s x s 6 . nh x y t GTLN.
p dng BT Csi cho 2 s khng m x v 6 x (v 0 s x s 6):
( ) ( ) = + > 6 x 6 x 2 x 6 x x(6 x) s 9
Du = xy ra x = 6 x x = 3
Vy: Khi x = 3 th y t GTLN bng 9.
34. Cho y = (x + 3)(5 2x) , 3 s x s
5
2
. nh x y t GTLN.
y = (x + 3)(5 2x) =
1
2
(2x + 6)(5 2x)
p dng BT Csi cho 2 s khng m 2x + 6 v 5 2x ,
| |
s s
|
\ .
5
3 x
2
:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= + + > + 11 2x 6 5 2x 2 2x 6 5 2x
1
2
(2x + 6)(5 2x) s
121
8

Du = xy ra 2x + 6 = 5 2x =
1
x
4

Vy: Khi =
1
x
4
th y t GTLN bng
121
8
.
35. Cho y = (2x + 5)(5 x) , s s
5
x 5
2
. nh x y t GTLN.
y = (2x + 5)(5 x) =
1
2
(2x + 5)(10 2x)
p dng BT Csi cho 2 s khng m 2x + 5 , 10 2x ,
| |
s s
|
\ .
5
x 5
2
:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + + > + 2x 5 10 2x 2 2x 5 10 2x
1
2
(2x + 5)(10 2x) s
625
8

Du = xy ra 2x + 5 = 10 2x =
5
x
4

Vy: Khi =
5
x
4
th y t GTLN bng
625
8

36. Cho y = (6x + 3)(5 2x) ,
1
2
s x s
5
2
. nh x y t GTLN
y = 3(2x + 1)(5 2x)
p dng BT Csi cho 2 s khng m 2x + 1 , 5 2x ,
| |
s s
|
\ .
1 5
x
2 2
:
( ) ( ) ( )( )
+ + > + 2x 1 5 2x 2 2x 1 5 2x (2x + 1)(5 2x) s 9
Du = xy ra 2x + 1 = 5 2x x = 1
Vy: Khi x = 1 th y t GTLN bng 9.
37. Cho =
+
2
x
y
x 2
. nh x y t GTLN
+ > =
2 2
2 x 2 2x 2x 2 >
+
2
1 x
2 2 2 x
s
1
y
2 2

Du = xy ra =
2
x 2 vx > 0 x= 2
Vy: Khi = x 2 th y t GTLN bng
1
2 2
.
38. Cho
( )
=
+
2
3
2
x
y
x 2
. nh x y t GTLN
+ = + + >
3 2 2 2
x 2 x 1 1 3 x .1.1
( )
( )
+ > s
+
2
3
2 2
3
2
x 1
x 2 27x
27
x 2

Du = xy ra = =
2
x 1 x 1
Vy: Khi = x 1 th y t GTLN bng
1
27
.

III. Chng minh BT da vo BT Bunhiacpxki

1. Chng minh: (ab + cd)
2
s (a
2
+ c
2
)(b
2
+ d
2
) () BT Bunhiacopxki
() + + s + + +
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a b 2abcd c d a b a d c b c d
+ >
2 2 2 2
a d c b 2abcd 0 ( ) >
2
ad cb 0 .
2. Chng minh: + s sinx cosx 2
p dng BT Bunhiacopski cho 4 s 1 , sinx , 1 , cosx :

+ = sinx cosx
( ) ( )
+ s + + =
2 2 2 2
1. sinx 1. cosx 1 1 sin x cos x 2
2
+ 4b
2
> 7.
p dng BT Bunhiacopski cho 4 s 3 , 3 a , 4 , 4 b :
( ) ( )
+ = + s + +
2 2
3a 4b 3. 3a 4. 4b 3 4 3a 4b 3a
2
+ 4b
2
> 7.
2
+ 5b
2
>
725
47
.
=
2 3
2a 3b 3 a 5 b
3 5

p dng BT Bunhiacopski cho 4 s
2 3
, 3 a , , 5b
3 5
:

( )
| |
s + +
|
\ .
2 2
2 3 4 9
3 a 5 b 3a 5b
3 5 3 5
3a
2
+ 5b
2
>
735
47
.
2
+ 11b
2
>
2464
137
.
=
3 5
3a 5b 7 a 11b
7 11

p dng BT Bunhiacopski cho 4 s
3 5
, 7 a , , 11b
7 11
:

( )
| |
s + +
|
\ .
2 2
3 5 9 25
7 a 11b 7a 11b
7 11 7 11
7a
2
+ 11b
2
>
2464
137
.
6. Cho a + b = 2. Chng minh: a
4
+ b
4
> 2.
p dng BT Bunhiacopski:
( )( )
= + s + +
2 2
2 a b 1 1 a b a
2
+ b
2
> 2

( ) ( )( )
s + s + +
2 2 4 4
2 a b 1 1 a b a
4
+ b
4
> 2
7. Cho a + b > 1 Chng minh: + >
2 2
1
a b
2

( )( )
s + s + + + >
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
1 a b 1 1 a b a b
2


PHN II. THI I HC

1. (CGT II 2003 d b)
Cho 3 s bt k x, y, z. CMR: + + + + > +
2 2 2 2 2 2
x xy y x xz+z y yz+z
2. (CBC Hoa Sen khi A 2006)
Cho x, y, z > 0 v xyz = 1. Chng minh rng: x
3
+ y
3
+ z
3
> x + y + z.
3. (CKTKT Cn Th khi A 2006)
Cho 3 s dng x, y, z tho x + y + z s 1. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu
thc: A = x + y + z + + +
1 1 1
x y z

4. (CSPHCM khi ABTDM 2006)
Cho x, y l hai s thc dng v tho x + y =
5
4
. Tm gi tr nh nht ca
biu thc: A = +
4 1
x 4y
.
5. (CKTKT Cn Th khi B 2006)
Cho 4 s dng a, b, c, d. Chng minh bt ng thc:
+ + +
+ + + + + + + +
a b c d
a b c b c d c d a d a b
< 2
6. (CKT Cao Thng khi A 2006)
Chng minh rng nu x > 0 th (x + 1)
2
| |
+ +
|
\ .
2
1 2
1
x
x
> 16.
7. (CKTKTCN1 khi A 2006)
Cho 3 s dng a, b, c. Ch. minh rng:
+ + + + + +
+ + >
a b c a b c a b c
9
a b c

8. (CKTYT1 2006)
Cho cc s thc x, y thay i tho mn iu kin: y s 0; x
2
+ x = y + 12.

Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca biu thc: A = xy + x + 2y + 17
9. (CBC Hoa Sen khi D 2006)
Cho x, y, z > 0; x + y + z = xyz. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc A = xyz.
10. (Hc vin BCVT 2001)
Chng minh rng vi mi s thc a, b, c tho mn iu kin: a + b + c = 1
th:
| |
+ + > + +
|
\ .
a b c a b c
1 1 1 a b c
3
3 3 3 3 3 3

11. (H Nng khi A 2001 t 2)
Cho ba s dng a, b, c tho a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
= 1. Chng minh:
+ + >
+ + +
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c 3 3
2
b c c a a b

12. (H Kin trc HN 2001)
Cho cc s a, b, c tho:
+ + =
+ + =
2 2 2
a b c 2
ab bc ca 1

Chng minh: s s s s s s
4 4 4 4 4 4
a ; b ; c
3 3 3 3 3 3

13. (Hc vin NH TPHCM khi A 2001)
Cho AABC c 3 cnh l a, b, c v p l na chu vi. Chng minh rng:

| |
+ + > + +
|
\ .
1 1 1 1 1 1
2
p a p b p c a b c

14. (H Nng nghip I HN khi A 2001)
Cho 3 s x, y, z > 0. Chng minh rng:
+ + s + +
+ + +
3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2
2 y 2 x 2 z 1 1 1
x y y z z x x y z

15. (H PCCC khi A 2001)
Ch. minh rng vi a 2, b 2, c 2 th:
+ + +
+ + >
b c c a a b
log a log b log c 1
16. (H Quc gia HN khi D 2001)
Ch. minh rng vi mi x 0 v vi mi o > 1 ta lun c: x
o
+ o 1 ox.
T chng minh rng vi 3 s dng a, b, c bt k th:
+ + > + +
3 3 3
3 3 3
a b c a b c
b c a
b c a

17. (H Thi Nguyn khi D 2001)
Cho a 1, b 1. Chng minh rng: + s a b 1 b a 1 ab (*)
18. (H Vinh khi A, B 2001)
Chng minh rng nu a, b, c l di ba cnh ca mt tam gic c chu vi
bng 3 th: 3a
2
+ 3b
2
+ 3c
2
+ 4abc 13
19. (H Y Thi Bnh khi A 2001)
Cho a, b, c l nhng s dng v a + b = c. Ch. minh rng: + >
2 2 2
3 3 3
a b c

20. (HQG HN khi A 2000)
Vi a, b, c l 3 s thc bt k tho iu kin a + b + c = 0. Chng minh
rng: 8
a
+ 8
b
+ 8
c
2
a
+ 2
b
+ 2
c

21. (HQG HN khi D 2000)
Vi a, b, c l 3 s thc dng tho iu kin: ab + bc + ca = abc. Chng
minh rng:
+ + +
+ + >
2 2 2 2 2 2
b 2a c 2b a 2c
3
ab bc ca

22. (H Bch khoa HN khi A 2000)
Cho 2 s a, b tho iu kin a + b 0. Ch. minh rng:
+ + | |
>
|
\ .
3 3 3
a b a b
2 2

23. (HSP TP HCM khi DE 2000)
Cho 3 s a, b, c bt k. Chng minh cc BT:
a) a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
ab + bc + ca b) (ab + bc + ca)
2
3abc(a + b + c)
24. (H Nng nghip I khi A 2000)
Cho 3 s dng a, b, c tho iu kin abc = 1. Tm gi tr nh nht ca
biu thc: P = + +
+ + +
2 2 2 2 2 2
bc ca ab
a b a c b c b a c a c b

25. (H Thu li II 2000)
Chng minh rng vi mi s dng a, b, c ta u c:
(a + 1).(b + 1).(c + 1)
( )
+
3
3
1 abc
26. (H Y HN 2000)
Gi s x, y l hai s dng tho iu kin + =
2 3
6
x y
. Tm gi tr nh nht
ca tng x + y.
27. (H An Giang khi D 2000)
Cho cc s a, b, c 0. Chng minh: a
c + 1
+ b
c + 1
ab(a
c 1
+ b
c 1
)
28. (H Ty Nguyn khi AB 2000)
CMR vi mi x, y, z dng v x + y + z = 1 th xy + yz + zx >
+
18xyz
2 xyz

29. (H An Ninh khi A 2000)
Chng minh rng vi mi s nguyn n 3 ta u c: n
n + 1
> (n + 1)
n

30. (CSP Nha Trang 2000)
Cho 2 s thc a, b tho iu kin: a, b 1 v a + b = 1. Tm gi tr ln
nht ca biu thc: A = + + + a 1 b 1
31. (CSP Nh tr Mu gio T I 2000)
Chng minh BT sau y lun lun ng vi mi s thc x, y, z bt k
khc khng: + + >
+ +
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 9
x y z x y z

BT cui cng lun ng BT cn chng minh ng.

32. (H Y Dc TP HCM 1999)
Cho 3 s a, b, c khc 0. Chng minh: + + > + +
2 2 2
2 2 2
a b c a b c
b c a
b c a

33. (H Hng hi 1999)
Cho x, y, z 0 v x + y + z 3. Chng minh rng:
+ + s s + +
+ + +
+ + +
2 2 2
x y z 3 1 1 1
2 1 x 1 y 1 z
1 x 1 y 1 z

34. (H An ninh HN khi D 1999)
Cho 3 s x, y, z thay i, nhn gi tr thuc on [0;1]. Chng minh rng:
2(x
3
+ y
3
+ z
3
) (x
2
y + y
2
z + z
2
x) 3 (*)
35. (i hc 2002 d b 1)
Gi x, y, z l khong cch t im M thuc min trong ca AABC c 3 gc
nhn n cc cnh BC, CA, AB. Chng minh rng:

+ +
+ + s
2 2 2
a b c
x y z
2R
(a, b, c l cc cnh ca AABC, R l
bn knh ng trn ngoi tip). Du = xy ra khi no?
36. (i hc 2002 d b 3)
Gi s x, y l hai s dng thay i tho mn iu kin x + y =
5
4
. Tm
gi tr nh nht ca biu thc: S = +
4 1
x 4y

37. (i hc 2002 d b 5)
Gi s a, b, c, d l 4 s nguyn thay i tho mn 1 a < b < c < d 50.
Chng minh bt ng thc:
+ +
+ >
2
a c b b 50
b d 50b
v tm gi tr nh nht
ca biu thc: S = +
a c
b d
.
38. (i hc 2002 d b 6)
Cho tam gic ABC c din tch bng
3
2
. Gi a, b, c ln lt l di cc
cnh BC, CA, AB v h
a
, h
b
, h
c
tng ng l di cc ng cao k t
cc nh A, B, C. Chng minh rng:

| |
| |
+ + + + >
| |
\ .
\ . a b c
1 1 1 1 1 1
3
a b c h h h

39. (i hc khi A 2003)
Cho x, y, z l 3 s dng v x + y + z s 1. Chng minh rng:
+ + + + + >
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
x y z 82
x y z


40. (i hc khi A 2003 d b 1)
Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s: y = sin
5
x + 3 cosx
41. (i hc khi A 2003 d b 2)
Tnh cc gc ca tam gic ABC, bit rng:

s
4p(p a) bc (1)
A B C 2 3 3
sin sin sin (2)
2 2 2 8

trong BC = a, CA = b, AB = c, p =
+ + a b c
2
.
42. (i hc khi A 2005)
Cho x, y, z l cc s dng tho mn : + + =
1 1 1
4
x y z
.
Chng minh rng: + + s
+ + + +
1 1 1
1
2x+y+z x 2y z x y 2z

43. (i hc khi B 2005)
Chng minh rng vi mi x e R, ta c:

| | | | | |
+ + > + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
x x x
x x x
12 15 20
3 4 5
5 4 3

Khi no ng thc xy ra?
44. (i hc khi D 2005)
Cho cc s dng x, y, z tho mn xyz = 1. Chng minh rng:

+ + + + + +
+ + >
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 x y 1 y z 1 z x
3 3
xy yz zx

45. (i hc khi A 2005 d b 1)
Cho 3 s x, y, z tho x + y + z = 0. CMR: + + + + +
x y z
3 4 3 4 3 4 > 6
46. (i hc khi A 2005 d b 2)
Chng minh rng vi mi x, y > 0 ta c: ( )
| |
| |
+ + + |
|
|
\ .
\ .
2
y 9
1 x 1 1
x y
> 256
ng thc xy ra khi no?
47. (i hc khi B 2005 d b 1)
Cho 3 s dng a, b, c tho mn: a + b + c =
3
4
. Chng minh rng:
+ + + + + s
3 3 3
a 3b b 3c c 3a 3
48. (i hc khi B 2005 d b 2)

Chng minh rng nu 0 s y s x s 1 th s
1
x y y x
4
.
ng thc xy ra khi no?
49. (i hc khi D 2005 d b 2)
Cho x, y, z l 3 s dng v xyz = 1. CMR: + + >
+ + +
2 2 2
x y z 3
1 y 1 z 1 x 2

50. (i hc khi A 2006)
Cho 2 s thc x 0, y 0 thay i v tho mn iu kin:
(x + y)xy = x
2
+ y
2
xy.
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc: A = +
3 3
1 1
x y
.
51. (i hc khi B 2006)
Cho x, y l cc s thc thay i. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
A = ( ) ( ) + + + + +
2 2 2 2
x 1 y x 1 y y 2
LI GII

1. (CGT II 2003 d b)
Trong mt phng to Oxy, xt cc im:
A
| |
+ |
|
\ .
y 3
x ; z
2 2
, B
| |
+ |
|
\ .
3 3
0; y z
2 2
, C
| |
|
\ .
y z
;0
2 2

Ta c: AB =
| |
| |
+ + = + + |
|
|
\ .
\ .
2
2
2 2
y 3
x y x xy y
2 2

AC =
| |
| |
+ + = + + |
|
|
\ .
\ .
2
2
2 2
z 3
x z x xz z
2 2

BC =
| |
| |
+ + = + |
|
|
\ .
\ .
2
2
2 2
y z 3
(y z) y yz+z
2 2 2

Vi 3 im A, B, C ta lun c: AB + AC BC
+ + + + > +
2 2 2 2 2 2
x xy y x xz+z y yz+z
2. (CBC Hoa Sen khi A 2006)
x
3
+ y
3
+ z
3
> 3
3 3 3 3
x y z 2(x
3
+ y
3
+ z
3
) > 6

x
3
+ 1 + 1 > 3
3 3
x x
3
+ 2 > 3x (1)
Tng t: y
3
+ 1 + 1 > 3
3 3
y y
3
+ 2 > 3y (2)

z
3
+ 1 + 1 > 3
3 3
z z
3
+ 2 > 3z (3)
Cng (1), (2), (3) v theo v suy ra bt ng thc cn chng minh.
3. (CKTKT Cn Th khi A 2006)
- Cch 1:
Theo BT Csi: 1 > x + y + z > 3
3
xyz > 0
+ + >
3
1 1 1 3
x y z xyz

T : A > 3
3
xyz +
3
3
xyz

t: t =
3
xyz , iu kin: 0 < t s
1
3

Xt hm s f(t) = 3t +
3
t
vi 0 < t s
1
3

f'(t) = 3
2
3
t
=
2
2
3(t 1)
t
< 0, t e
| (
(
\
1
0;
3

Bng bin thin:

1
3

T bng bin thin ta suy ra: A > 10. Du "=" xy ra khi x = y = z =
1
3

Vy Amin = 10 t c khi x = y = z =
1
3
.
- Cch 2:
Theo BT Csi: 1 > x + y + z > 3
3
xyz > 0
3
1
xyz
> 3
x + >
1 2
9x 3
, y + >
1 2
9y 3
, z + >
1 2
9z 3

T : A=
| | | | | | | |
+ + + + + + + +
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
1 1 1 8 1 1 1
x y z
9x 9y 9z 9 x y z
> 2 +
3
8 3
9 xyz
> 10
Du "=" xy ra khi x = y = z =
1
3
.Vy A
min
= 10 t c khi x = y = z =
1
3

4. (CSPHCM khi ABT 2006)
Ta c: x + y =
5
4
4x + 4y 5 = 0

A = +
4 1
x 4y
= + +
4 1
4x+ 4y 5
x 4y
A > 2
4
.4x
x
+ 2
1
.4y
4y
5
A > 5
Du "=" xy ra
+ =
>
4
4x
x
1
4y
4y
5
x y
4
x,y 0

=
x 1
1
y
4
. Vy Amin = 5.
5. (CKTKT Cn Th khi B 2006)
V a, b, c, d > 0 nn ta lun c:
+ < + =
+ + + + + +
a c a c
1
a b c c d a a c a c

+ < + =
+ + + + + +
b d b d
1
b c d d a b b d b d

Cng v theo v cc BT trn ta c pcm.
6. (CKT Cao Thng khi A 2006)
Ta c: (x + 1)
2
| |
+ +
|
\ .
2
1 2
1
x
x
> 16 (1) (x + 1)
2
| |
+
|
\ .
2
1
1
x
> 16
(x + 1)
| |
+
|
\ .
1
1
x
> 4 (do x > 0) (x + 1)
2
> 4x (x 1)
2
> 0 (2)
(2) lun ng nn (1) c chng minh.
7. (CKTKTCN1 khi A 2006)
Xt v tri ca BT cho: VT = + + + + + + + +
b c a c a b
1 1 1
a a b b c c

= 3 +
| | | | | |
+ + + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
b a c a c b
a b a c b c

Do a, b, c > 0 nn theo BT Csi ta c:
+ > =
b a b a
2 . 2
a b a b
; + > =
b c b c
2 . 2
c b c b
; + > =
c a c a
2 . 2
a c a c

Khi : VT > 3 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 9 (pcm).
8. (CKTYT1 2006)
y s 0, x
2
+ x = y + 12 x
2
+ x 12 s 0 4 s x s 3
y = x
2
+ x 12 A = x
3
+ 3x
2
9x 7
t f(x) = A = x
3
+ 3x
2
9x 7 vi 4 s x s 3
f'(x) = 3x
2
+ 6x 9 ; f'(x) = 0 x = 1 hoc x = 3
f(4) = 13, f(3) = 20, f(1) = 12, f(3) = 20

Vy maxA = 20 (x = 3, y = 0), minA = 12 (x = 1, y = 10).
9. (CBC Hoa Sen khi D 2006)
Ta c: x + y + z > 3
3
xyz xyz > 3
3
xyz (xyz)
2
> 27 xyz > 3 3
Du "=" xy ra x = y = z = 3 .
Vy minA = 3 3 .
10. (Hc vin BCVT 2001)
Ta c hm s f(x) =
x
1
3
l hm nghch bin nn:
(a b)
| |
|
\ .
a b
1 1
3 3
0, a, b.
+ s +
a b a b
a b b a
3 3 3 3
, a, b. (1)
Tng t: + s +
b c c b
b c b c
3 3 3 3
(2)
+ s +
c a c a
c a a c
3 3 3 3
(3)
Mt khc: + + = + +
a b c a b c
a b c a b c
3 3 3 3 3 3
(4)
Cng (1), (2), (3), (4) v theo v ta c:

| | | |
+ + s + + + +
| |
\ . \ .
a b c a b c
a b c 1 1 1
3 (a b c)
3 3 3 3 3 3

Hay
| |
+ + s + +
|
\ .
a b c a b c
a b c 1 1 1
3
3 3 3 3 3 3
(v a + b + c = 1)
Du = xy ra a = b = c =
1
3
.
11. (H Nng khi A 2001 t 2)
Do a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
= 1 nn = =
+
2
2 2 2 2
a a a
b c 1 a a(1 a )
(1)
M 2a
2
.(1 a
2
)
2

| |
+ + | |
= |
|
|
\ .
\ .
3
3 2 2 2
2a (1 a ) (1 a ) 2
3 3

a
2
.(1 a
2
)
2

4
27
a(1 a
2
)
2
3 3
(2)
T (1), (2) suy ra: >
+
2
2 2
a 3 3
a
2
b c


Do : + + > + + =
+ + +
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c 3 3 3 3
(a b c )
2 2
b c c a a b

Du = xy ra
2 2
2 2
2 2
2a 1 a
2b 1 b
2c 1 c
a = b = c =
1
3
.
12. (H Kin trc HN 2001)
Ta c:
+ + =
+ + =
2 2 2
a b c 2
ab bc ca 1

+ =
+ + =
2 2
(a b) 2ab 2 c
c(a b) ab 1

Ta xem y l h phng trnh ca a, b v t
+ =
a b S
ab P
(S
2
4P 0)
Ta c h:
2 2
S 2P 2 c (1)
cS+P =1 (2)

T (2) P = 1 cS, thay vo (1) ta c:
S
2
2(1 cS) = 2 c
2
S
2
+ 2cS + c
2
4 = 0
=
= +
S c 2
S c 2

- Vi S = c 2 P = 1 + c(c + 2) = c
2
+ 2c + 1
BT: S
2
4P 0 (c 2)
2
4(c
2
+ 2c + 1) 0
3c
2
4c 0 s s
4
c 0
3
(3)
- Vi S = c + 2 P = 1 c(c + 2) = c
2
2c + 1
BT: S
2
4P 0 (c + 2)
2
4(c
2
2c + 1) 0
3c
2
+ 4c 0 s s
4
0 c
3
(4)
T (3), (4) ta c: s s
4 4
c
3 3

Tng t ta chng minh c: s s
4 4
a,b,c
3 3

13. (Hc vin NH TPHCM khi A 2001)
Trc ht, ta d dng chng minh c nu x, y > 0 th:
+ >
+
1 1 4
x y x y
(1)
Du = xy ra x = y.
p dng (1) ta c: + > =
+
1 1 4 4
p a p b p a p b c


+ > =
+
1 1 4 4
p b p c p b p c a

+ > =
+
1 1 4 4
p c p a p c p a b

Cng 3 BT trn v theo v, ta c:

| | | |
+ + > + +
| |
\ . \ .
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 4
p a p b p c a b c
pcm
Du = xy ra a = b = c.

14. (H Nng nghip I HN khi A 2001)
p dng BT Csi cho 2 s dng x
3
, y
2
ta c:
x
3
+ y
2
2 =
3 2
x y 2xy x s =
+
3 2
2 x 2 x 1
xy 2xy x x y

p dng BT Csi cho 2 s dng
2 2
1 1
,
x y
ta c:

| |
s + |
|
\ .
2 2
1 1 1 1
xy 2
x y

| |
s + |
|
+
\ .
3 2 2 2
2 x 1 1 1
2
x y x y

Tng t ta cng c:

| |
s + |
|
+
\ .
3 2 2 2
2 y 1 1 1
2
y z y z
;
| |
s +
|
+ \ .
3 2 2 2
2 z 1 1 1
2
z x z x

Suy ra: + + s + +
+ + +
3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2
2 y 2 x 2 z 1 1 1
x y y z z x x y z

Du = xy ra

= = =

= = =
3 2 3 2 3 2
x y y z z x
va va
x y y z z x
x = y = z = 1
15. (H PCCC khi A 2001)
Trc ht ch rng nu a > 1, x > 1 th hm s y =
a
log x l ng bin
v dng.
Do hm s y = logxa =
a
1
log x
l nghch bin.
V vai tr ca a, b, c l nh nhau, nn ta c th gi thit a b c. Ta
c:
VT=
+ + + + + + +
+ + > + + =
b c c a a b a b a b a b a b
log a log b log c log a log b log c log abc
V a, b, c 2 nn abc 2ab = ab + ab > a + b
Do VT loga+babc > loga+b(a + b) = 1.
16. (H Quc gia HN khi D 2001)
- Xt f(x) = x
o
ox + o 1 (x 0)

f'(x) = o(x
o 1
1); f'(x) = 0 x = 1

Vy vi x 0 v o > 1 th f(x) 0 hay x
o
+ o 1 ox.
- BT cn chng minh:

| | | | | |
+ + > + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
3 3 3
2 2 2 a b c a b c
b c a b c a

p dng BT chng minh vi o =
3
2
, ta c:

| |
+ >
|
\ .
3
2 a 1 3 a
.
b 2 2 b
;
| |
+ >
|
\ .
3
2 b 1 3 b
.
c 2 2 c
;
| |
+ >
|
\ .
3
2 c 1 3 c
.
a 2 2 a

Mt khc, theo BT Csi ta c:

(
| | | | | | (
+ + >
| | |
(
\ . \ . \ .
(

3 3 3
2 2 2 1 a b c 3
2 b c a 2

Cng 4 BT trn, v theo v, ta c:

(
| | | | | | ( (
+ + + > + + +
| | | ( (
\ . \ . \ .
(

3 3 3
2 2 2 3 a b c 3 3 a b c 3
2 b c a 2 2 b c a 2

Suy ra:
| | | | | |
+ + > + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
3 3 3
2 2 2 a b c a b c
b c a b c a

17. (H Thi Nguyn khi D 2001)
BT (*)

+ s
a b 1 b a 1
1
ab ab

| | | |
+ s
| |
\ . \ .
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
b b a a
(1)
Theo BT Csi ta c:
| |
+
|
| | \ .
s =
|
\ .
1 1
1
1 1 1 b b
1
b b 2 2

| |
+
|
| | \ .
s =
|
\ .
1 1
1
1 1 1 a a
1
a a 2 2

Cng 2 BT li ta c BT cn chng minh.

Du = xy ra
= =
= =
1 1 1
1
b b 2
1 1 1
1
a a 2
a = b = 2.
18. (H Vinh khi A, B 2001)
Ta c: 3 2a = a + b + c 2a = b + c a > 0.
Do theo BT Csi ta c:
(3 2a)(3 2b)(3 2c)
+ + | |
|
\ .
3
3 2a 3 2b 3 2c
3
= 1
27 9(2a + 2b + 2c) + 3(4ab + 4bc + 4ca) 8abc 1
27 54 + 12(ab + bc + ca) 8abc 1
4abc 6(ab + bc + ca) 14
3(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
) + 4abc 3(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
) + 6(ab + bc + ca) 14
= 3(a + b +c)
2
14 = 13
ng thc xy ra 3 2a = 3 2b = 3 2c a = b = c = 1.
19. (H Y Thi Bnh khi A 2001)
T gi thit ta c: +
a b
c c
= 1 0 <
a b
,
c c
< 1
| | | |
+ > +
| |
\ . \ .
2 2
3 3 a b a b
c c c c
= 1
T suy ra: + >
2 2 2
3 3 3
a b c
20. (HQG HN khi A 2000)
t x = 2
a
, y = 2
b
, z = 2
c
th x, y, z > 0.
.kin a + b + c = 0 xyz = 2
a+b+c
= 1, do theo BT Csi: x + y + z 3
Mt khc: x
3
+ 1 + 1 3x x
3
3x 2
Tng t: y
3
3y 2; z
3
3z 2
x
3
+ y
3
+ z
3
3(x + y + z) 6 = (x + y + z) + 2(x + y + z 3) x + y + z
8
a
+ 8
b
+ 8
c
2
a
+ 2
b
+ 2
c

21. (HQG HN khi D 2000)
Ta c:
+ +
= = +
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
b 2a b 2a 1 1
2.
ab
a b a b

t x =
1
a
; y =
1
b
; z =
1
c
th
gi thit
>
+ + =
a,b,c 0
ab bc ca abc

>
+ + =
x,y,z 0
x y z 1

v pcm + + + + + >
2 2 2 2 2 2
x 2y y 2z z 2x 3
Theo BT Bunhiacopxki ta c:
3(x
2
+ 2y
2
) = 3(x
2
+ y
2
+ y
2
) (x + y + y)
2


+ > +
2 2
1
x 2y (x 2y)
3

Vit 2 BT tng t, ri cng li, ta c:
+ + + + + > + + =
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
x 2y y 2z z 2x (3x 3y 3z) 3
3

ng thc xy ra x = y = z =
1
3
a = b = c = 3
22. (H Bch khoa HN khi A 2000)
Ta c:
+ + | |
>
|
\ .
3 3 3
a b a b
2 2
4(a
3
+ b
3
) (a + b)
3

(a + b) [4(a
2
+ b
2
ab) (a
2
+ b
2
+ 2ab)] 0
(a + b)(3a
2
+ 3b
2
6ab) 0 (a + b)(a b)
2
0
BT cui cng ny ng, nn BT cn chng minh l ng.
ng thc xy ra a = b.
23. (HSP TP HCM khi DE 2000)
a) a
2
+ b
2
2ab; b
2
+ c
2
2bc; c
2
+ a
2
2ca
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
ab + bc + ca.
ng thc xy ra a = b = c
b) (ab + bc + ca)
2
= (ab)
2
+ (bc)
2
+ (ca)
2
+ 2(abbc + bcca + caab)
abbc + bcca + caab + 2abc(a + b + c) = 3abc(a + b + c)
24. (H Nng nghip I khi A 2000)
Ta c: = = =
| | + +
+ +
|
\ .
2
2 2 2
2
1
bc bc 1
a
1 1 1 1
a b a c a (b c)
a
b c b c

t x =
1
a
; y =
1
b
; z =
1
c
th
gi thit
a, b, c > 0
abc = 1

>
x,y,z 0
xyz=1
v P = + +
+ + +
2 2 2
x y z
y z z x x y

Theo BT Bunhiacopxki ta c:
(y + z + z + x + x + y).P
| |
+ + + + + |
|
+ + +
\ .
2
x y z
y z. z x. x y.
y z z x x y

2(x + y + z).P (x + y + z)
2
P
1
2
(x + y + z) =
3
1 1
.3 xyz .3
2 2

P
3
2

Nu P =
3
2
th x = y = z = 1 a = b = c = 1

o li, nu a = b = c = 1 th P =
3
2
. Vy minP =
3
2

25. (H Thu li II 2000)
(a + 1).(b + 1).(c + 1) = 1 + a + b + c + ab + bc + ca + abc
1 + 3 +
3 2 2 2 3
abc 3 a b c + abc =
( )
+
3
3
1 abc
ng thc xy ra a = b = c > 0.
26. (H Y HN 2000)

( )
| |
| |
+ = + s + + |
|
|
\ .
\ .
2
2
2 3 2 3
2 3 . x . y (x y)
x y x y
= 6(x + y)
x + y
( )
+
2
2 3
6

Gi tr
( )
+
2
2 3
6
t c
( )
+
+ =
2
2 3
: x : y
x y
2 3
x y
6

+
=
+
=
2( 2 3)
x
6
3( 2 3)
y
6

Vy min(x + y) =
+ 5 2 6
6

27. (H An Giang khi D 2000)
Gi s a b 0 a
c
(a b) b
c
(a b) a
c + 1
+ b
c + 1
ab(a
c 1
+ b
c 1
)
28. (H Ty Nguyn khi AB 2000)
p dng BT Csi cho 6 s dng ta c:
2 = x + y + z + x + y + z 6
3
xyz (1)
v xy + yz + zx 3
2 2 2 3
x y z (2)
Nhn cc BT (1) v (2) v theo v ta c:
2(xy + yz + zx) 18xyz (3)
Mt khc ta c: xyz(xy + yz + zx) > 0 (4)
Cng cc BT (3) v (4) v theo v ta c:
(xy + yz + zx)(2 + xyz) > 18xyz xy + yz + zx >
+
18xyz
2 xyz
(v 2 +xyz > 0)
29. (H An Ninh khi A 2000)
Ta c: 3
4
= 81, 4
3
= 64 3
4
> 4
3
BT cn chng minh ng vi n = 3.
Vi n > 3, pcm n >
+ | |
|
\ .
n
n 1
n

| |
+
|
\ .
n
1
1
n
< n (1)

Ta c:
| |
+
|
\ .
n
1
1
n
=
=
n
k
n
k
k 0
1
C
n
=
= 1 +
+
+ + +
2 n
n n(n 1) 1 n(n 1)...(n n 1) 1
. ... .
n 2! n!
n n

= 1 + 1 +
| | | || | | |
+ +
| | | |
\ . \ .\ . \ .
1 1 1 1 2 n 1
1 ... 1 1 ... 1
2! n n! n n n
<
< 1 + 1 + + +
1 1
...
2! n!
< 1 + 1 +
+ +
n 1
1 1
...
2
2
<
< 1 + 1 +
+ +
n 1
1 1
...
2
2
+ = 1 +
1
1
1
2
= 3

| |
+
|
\ .
n
1
1
n
< 3 < n (1)
30. (CSP Nha Trang 2000)
p dng BT Bunhiacopxki cho hai cp s (1, 1), ( + + a 1, b 1), ta c:
A = + + + 1. a 1 1. b 1 + + + + (1 1)(a 1 b 1)
m a + b = 1 nn A 6
Du = xy ra + = + a 1 b 1 a = b a = b =
1
2
( do a + b = 1)
Vy maxA = 6 khi a = b =
1
2

31. (CSP Nh tr Mu gio T I 2000)
BT cn chng minh
| | | | | |
+ + + + + + + + | | |
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
y z x z x y
1 1 1
x x y y z z
9
3 +
| | | | | |
+ + + + + | | |
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
y z x z x y
x x y y z z
9
32. (H Y Dc TP HCM 1999)
p dng BT Csi ta c:
* + + > =
2 2 2 2 2 2
3
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c a b c
3 . . 3
b c a b c a
(1)
* + >
2
2
a a
1 2
b
b
; + >
2
2
b b
1 2
c
c
; + >
2
2
c c
1 2
a
a

| |
+ + > + +
|
\ .
2 2 2
2 2 2
a b c a b c
2 3
b c a
b c a
(2)
Kt hp (1) v (2) ta c:

| |
| |
+ + > + + |
|
|
\ .
\ .
2 2 2
2 2 2
a b c a b c
2 2
b c a
b c a

+ + > + +
2 2 2
2 2 2
a b c a b c
b c a
b c a

33. (H Hng hi 1999)
- Do (x 1)
2
0 nn x
2
+ 1 2x
+
2
2x
1 x
1
Tng t ta cng c:
+
2
2y
1 y
1;
+
2
2z
1 z
1
Do :
+
2
2x
1 x
+
+
2
2y
1 y
+
+
2
2z
1 z
3
Hay: + + s
+ + +
2 2 2
x y z 3
2
1 x 1 y 1 z
(1)
- p dng BT Csi cho 3 s khng m ta c:

+ +
+ + +
> =
+ + + + + +
3
3
1 1 1
1 1 1 x 1 y 1 z
3 (1 x)(1 y)(1 z) (1 x)(1 y)(1 z)

s + + +
+ +
+ + +
3
3
(1 x)(1 y)(1 z)
1 1 1
1 x 1 y 1 z

+ + + + + (1 x) (1 y) (1 z)
3
2
s + +
+ + +
3 1 1 1
2 1 x 1 y 1 z
(2)
Kt hp (1) v (2) ta c BT cn chng minh.
34. (H An ninh HN khi D 1999)
V 0 x, y, z 1 nn x
2
x
3
; y
2
y
3
; z
2
z
3
.
Suy ra: 2(x
3
+ y
3
+ z
3
) (x
2
y + y
2
z + z
2
x) 2(x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
) (x
2
y + y
2
z + z
2
x)
Do nu ta chng minh c:
2(x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
) (x
2
y + y
2
z + z
2
x) 3 (1)
th (*) ng.
Ta c: (1 y)(1 + y x
2
) 0 x
2
+ y
2
x
2
y 1 0 (2)
Du = (2) xy ra
=
=

y 1
x 1
y 0

Tng t ta cng c: x
2
+ z
2
z
2
x 1 0 (3)
y
2
+ z
2
y
2
z 1 0 (4)
Cng (2), (3), (4) v theo v ta c:
2(x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
) (x
2
y + y
2
z + z
2
x) 3

Vy (1) ng (*) ng
Nhn xt: Du = (*) xy ra (x; y; z) e { } (1;1;1),(1;1;0),(1;0;1),(0;1;1)
35. (i hc 2002 d b 1)
+ + = + +
1 1 1
x y z . ax . by . cz
a b c

| |
+ +
|
\ .
1 1 1
(ax+by+cz)
a b c

| |
+ +
|
\ .
1 1 1
.2S
a b c
=
| |
+ +
|
\ .
1 1 1 abc
a b c 2R
=
+ + ab bc ca
2R

+ +
2 2 2
a b c
2R

Du = xy ra
= =
= =
a b c
x y z

A
ABC eu
M trung vi trong tam G cua ABC

36. (i hc 2002 d b 3)
- Cch 1: S = + + + + >
5
1 1 1 1 1 5
x x x x 4y x.x.x.x.4y

+ + + +
5.5
x x x x 4y
= 5
minS = 5
+ =
1 1
x 4y
x 4y
5
x y
4

=
x 1
1
y
4

- Cch 2: S = +
4 1
x 5 4x
= f(x), 0 < x <
5
4

f'(x) = +
2 2
4 4
x (5 4x)
; f'(x) = 0
< <
2 2
x (5 4x)
5
0 x
4
x = 1
Lp bng xt du f'(x), suy ra minS = 5.
- Cch 3: 2 + = +
1 2 1
x. y.
2 x 2 y
+ +
4 1
x y.
x 4y
(3)
Du = (3) xy ra
+ =
2 1
x. x 2 y. y
5
x y
4

=
+ =
x 4y
5
x y
4

=
x 1
1
y
4

(3)
| | | |
s +
| |
\ . \ .
2
5 5 4 1
.
2 4 x 4y
+
4 1
x 4y
5
Vy minS = 5.

37. (i hc 2002 d b 5)
V a 1, d 50 v c > b (c, b e N) nn c b + 1 thnh th:
S = +
a c
b d

+
+
1 b 1
b 50
=
+ +
2
b b 50
50b

Vy BT ca ra c chng minh.
Du = xy ra
=
= +
a 1
d 50
c b 1

tm minS, ta t
+ +
2
b b 50
50b
= + +
b 1 1
50 b 50
v xt hm s c bin s
lin tc x:
f(x) = + +
x 1 1
50 x 50
(2 x 48)
f'(x) =
=
2
2 2
1 1 x 50
50
x 50x
; f'(x) = 0
s s
2
x 50
2 x 48
= x 5 2
Bng bin thin:
5 2

Chuyn v biu thc f(b) =
+ +
2
b b 50
50b
(2 b 48, b e N)
T BBT suy ra khi b bin thin t 2 n 7, f(b) gim ri chuyn sang tng
khi b bin thin t 8 n 48. Suy ra minf(b) = min[f(7); f(8)].
Ta c f(7) =
+
=
49 57 53
350 175
; f(8) =
+
= >
64 58 61 53
400 200 175

Vy minS =
53
175
khi
=
a 1
b 7
c 8
d 50

38. (i hc 2002 d b 6)
Ta c din tch tam gic: S = = =
a b c
1 1 1
ah bh ch
2 2 2

h
a
=
2S
a
; h
b
=
2S
b
; h
c
=
2S
c

+ + = + +
a b c
1 1 1 1
(a b c)
h h h 2S


| |
| | | |
+ + + + = + + + +
| | |
\ . \ .
\ . a b c
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(a b c)
a b c h h h 2S a b c

p dng BT Csi ta c: (a + b + c)
| |
+ +
|
\ .
1 1 1
a b c
9
v v S =
3
2
, nn ta c:
| |
| |
+ + + + > =
| |
\ .
\ . a b c
1 1 1 1 1 1 9
3
a b c h h h 3

39. (i hc khi A 2003)
Vi mi

u,v ta c: + s +

u v u v (*)
t
| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

1 1 1
a x; ; b y; ; c z;
x y z

p dng bt ng thc (*), ta c: + + > + + > + +

a b c a b c a b c
Vy P = + + + + +
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
x y z
x y z
>
| |
+ + + + +
|
\ .
2
2
1 1 1
(x y z)
x y z

- Cch 1:
Ta c: P>
| |
+ + + + +
|
\ .
2
2
1 1 1
(x y z)
x y z
>
( )
| |
+ |
|
\ .
2
2
3
3
1
3 xyz 3
xyz
= +
9
9t
t

vi t =
2
3
( xyz) 0 < t s
+ + | |
s
|
\ .
2
x y z 1
3 9

t Q(t) = 9t +
9
t
Q'(t) = 9
2
9
t
< 0, te
| (
(
\
1
0;
9
Q(t) gim trn
| (
(
\
1
0;
9

Q(t) > Q
| |
|
\ .
1
9
= 82. Vy P > > Q(t) 82
Du "=" xy ra x = y = z =
1
3
.
- Cch 2: Ta c:
(x + y + z)
2
+
| |
+ +
|
\ .
2
1 1 1
x y z
= 81(x + y + z)
2
+
| |
+ +
|
\ .
2
1 1 1
x y z
80(x + y + z)
2

> 18(x + y + z).
| |
+ +
|
\ .
1 1 1
x y z
80(x + y + z)
2
> 162 80 = 82
Vy P > 82
Du "=" xy ra x = y = z =
1
3
.
40. (i hc khi A 2003 d b 1)

- Tm max: y = sin
5
x + 3 cosx sin
4
x + 3 cosx (1)
Ta chng minh: sin
4
x + 3 cosx 3 , x e R (2)
3 (1 cosx) sin
4
x 0 3 (1 cosx) (1 cos
2
x)
2
0
(1 cosx).| 3 (1 cosx)(1 + cosx)
2
| 0 (3)
Theo BT Csi ta c:
(1 cosx)(1 + cosx)(1 + cosx) =
1
2
(2 2cosx)(1 + cosx)(1 + cosx)

| |
= <
|
\ .
3
1 4 32
3
2 3 27

Vy BT (3) ng (2) ng y 3 , x. Du = xy ra khi cosx = 1
x = k2t. Vy maxy = 3 .
- Tm min: Ta c y = sin
5
x + 3 cosx sin
4
x + 3 cosx.
Tng t nh trn, ta c miny = 3 , t c khi x = t + k2t.
41. (i hc khi A 2003 d b 2)
(1)
+ + +
s
(a b c)(b c a)
1
bc

+
s
2 2
(b c) a
1
bc

+
s
2bc(1 cosA)
1
bc

s
2
A 1
cos
2 4
>
2
A 3
sin
2 4
>
A 3
sin
2 2
(do 0 < <
A
2 2
) (3)
Bin i v tri ca (2) nh sau:

| |
=
|
\ .
A B C 1 A B-C B+C
sin sin sin sin cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

| |
|
\ .
1 A A
sin 1 sin
2 2 2
=
=
| |
|
\ .
2
1 A A
sin sin
2 2 2
=
(
| |
(
|
\ . (

2
1 A 1 1
sin
2 2 2 4
=
| |

|
\ .
2
1 1 A 1
sin
8 2 2 2

Do (3) suy ra:
| |
s |
|
\ .
2
A B C 1 1 3 1
sin sin sin
2 2 2 8 2 2 2
=
1 1
(4 2 3)
8 8

=
2 3 3
8

Du = xy ra
=

=

= =
=
0
0
B-C
cos 1
A 120 2
A 3
B C 30
sin
2 2

42. (i hc khi A 2005)
Vi a, b > 0 ta c:
4ab s (a + b)
2

+
s
+
1 a b
a b 4ab

| |
s +
|
+ \ .
1 1 1 1
a b 4 a b


Du "=" xy ra khi v ch khi a = b.
p dng kt qu trn ta c:

| |
s +
|
+
\ .
1 1 1 1
2x+y+z 4 2x y z
s
( | |
+ +
( |
\ .
1 1 1 1 1
4 2x 4 y z
=
| |
+ +
|
\ .
1 1 1 1
8 x 2y 2z
(1)
Tng t:

| |
s +
|
+ + +
\ .
1 1 1 1
x 2y z 4 2y x z
s
( | |
+ +
| (
\ .
1 1 1 1 1
4 2y 4 x z
=
| |
+ +
|
\ .
1 1 1 1
8 y 2z 2x
(2)

| |
s +
|
+ + +
\ .
1 1 1 1
x y 2z 4 2z x y
s
( | |
+ +
( |
\ .
1 1 1 1 1
4 2z 4 x y
=
| |
+ +
|
\ .
1 1 1 1
8 z 2x 2y
(3)
Vy:
| |
+ + s + +
|
+ + + +
\ .
1 1 1 1 1 1
1
2x+y+z x 2y z x y 2z 4 x yz
= 1
Ta thy trong cc bt ng thc (1), (2), (3) th du "=" xy ra khi v ch
khi
x = y = z. Vy ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi x = y = z =
3
4
.
43. (i hc khi B 2005)
p dng bt ng thc Csi cho 2 s dng ta c:

| | | | | | | |
+ >
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
x x x x
12 15 12 15
2 .
5 4 5 4

| | | |
+
| |
\ . \ .
x x
12 15
5 4
> 2.3
x
(1)
Tng t ta c:

| | | |
+
| |
\ . \ .
x x
12 20
5 3
> 2.4
x
(2)
| | | |
+
| |
\ . \ .
x x
15 20
4 3
> 2.5
x
(3)
Cng cc bt ng thc (1), (2), (3), chia 2 v ca bt ng thc nhn
c cho 2 ta c pcm.
ng thc xy ra (1), (2), (3) l cc ng thc x = 0.
44. (i hc khi D 2005)
p dng bt ng thc Csi cho 3 s dng ta c:
1 + x
3
+ y
3
> 3
3 3 3
1.x .y = 3xy
+ +
>
3 3
1 x y 3
xy xy
(1)
Tng t:
+ +
>
3 3
1 y z 3
yz yz
(2);
+ +
>
3 3
1 z x 3
zx zx
(3)
Mt khc + + > 3
3 3 3 3 3 3
3
xy yz zx xy yz zx

+ + >
3 3 3
3 3
xy yz zx
(4)

Cng cc bt ng thc (1), (2), (3), (4) ta c pcm.
ng thc xy ra (1), (2), (3), (4) l cc ng thc x = y = z = 1.
45. (i hc khi A 2005 d b 1)
Ta c: 3 + 4
x
= 1 + 1 + 1 + 4
x
> 4
4 x
4
+ > =
8 4 x x x
3 4 2 4 2 4
Tng t: + >
8 y y
3 4 2 4 ; + >
8 z z
3 4 2 4
Vy + + + + +
x y z
3 4 3 4 3 4 > 2
(
+ +
(

8 8 8 x y z
4 4 4 >
3 8 x y z
6 4 .4 .4
> 6
+ + 24 x y z
4 = 6
46. (i hc khi A 2005 d b 2)
Ta c: 1 + x = 1 + + + >
3
4
3
x x x x
4
3 3 3
3

1 +
y
x
= 1 + + + >
3
4
3 3
y y y y
4
3x 3x 3x
3 x

1 +
9
y
= 1 + + + >
3
4
3
3 3 3 3
4
y y y
y

| |
+ > |
|
\ .
2
6
4
3
9 3
1 16
y y

Vy: ( )
| |
| |
+ + + |
|
|
\ .
\ .
2
y 9
1 x 1 1
x y
> 256
3 3 6
4
3 3 3 3
x y 3
. .
3 3 x y
= 256
47. (i hc khi B 2005 d b 1)
- Cch 1:
Ta c:
+ + +
+ s = + +
3
a 3b 1 1 1
(a 3b).1.1 (a 3b 2)
3 3

+ + +
+ s = + +
3
b 3c 1 1 1
(b 3c).1.1 (b 3c 2)
3 3

+ + +
+ s = + +
3
c 3a 1 1 1
(c 3a).1.1 (c 3a 2)
3 3

Suy ra: | | + + + + + s + + +
3 3 3
1
a 3b b 3c c 3a 4(a b c) 6
3
s
(
+
(

1 3
4. 6
3 4
= 3
Du "=" xy ra
+ + =
+ = + = +
3
a b c
4
a 3b b 3c c 3a=1
a = b = c =
1
4

- Cch 2:
t x = +
3
a 3b x
3
= a + 3b; y = +
3
b 3c y
3
= b + 3c;

z = +
3
c 3a z
3
= c + 3a
x
3
+ y
3
+ z
3
= 4(a + b + c) = 4.
3
4
= 3. BT cn ch. minh x + y + z s 3
Ta c: x
3
+ 1 + 1 > 3
3 3
x .1.1 = 3x; y
3
+ 1 + 1 > 3
3 3
y .1.1 = 3y;
z
3
+ 1 + 1 > 3
3 3
z .1.1 = 3z
9 > 3(x + y + z) (v x
3
+ y
3
+ z
3
= 3)
Vy x + y + z s 3
Du "=" xy ra
= = =
+ + =
3 3 3
x y z 1
3
a b c
4

+ = + = +
a 3b b 3c c 3a=1
3
a+b+c=
4

a = b = c =
1
4

48. (i hc khi B 2005 d b 2)
Ta c: 0 s x s 1 x > x
2

s
1
x y y x
4
s +
1
x y y x
4
(1)
Theo BT Csi ta c: + > + > =
2 2
1 1 1
y x yx 2 yx . x y
4 4 4
s
1
x y y x
4

Du "=" xy ra
s s s
=

=

=

2
2
0 y x 1
x 1
x x
1
y
1 4
yx
4

49. (i hc khi D 2005 d b 2)
Ta c:
+ +
+ > =
+ +
2 2
x 1 y x 1 y
2 . x
1 y 4 1 y 4

+ +
+ > =
+ +
2 2
y 1 z y 1 z
2 . y
1 z 4 1 z 4

+ +
+ > =
+ +
2 2
z 1 x z 1 x
2 . z
1 x 4 1 x 4

Cng 3 bt ng thc trn, v theo v, ta c:

| | | | | |
+ + +
+ + + + + > + + | | |
| | |
+ + +
\ . \ . \ .
2 2 2
x 1 y y 1 z z 1 x
x y z
1 y 4 1 z 4 1 x 4


+ +
+ + > + + +
+ + +
2 2 2
x y z 3 x y z
x y z
1 y 1 z 1 x 4 4
>
+ +

3(x y z) 3
4 4

> = =
3 3 9 3 3
.3
4 4 4 4 2
(v x + y + z > 3
3
xyz = 3)
Vy: + + >
+ + +
2 2 2
x y z 3
1 y 1 z 1 x 2
.
50. (i hc khi A 2006)
- Cch 1:
T gi thit suy ra: + = +
2 2
1 1 1 1 1
x y xy
x y
.
t
1
x
= a,
1
y
= b, ta c: a + b = a
2
+ b
2
ab (1)
A = a
3
+ b
3
= (a + b)(a
2
ab + b
2
) = (a + b)
2

T (1) suy ra: a + b = (a + b)
2
3ab.
V ab
+ | |
|
\ .
2
a b
2
nn a + b (a + b)
2
+
2
3
(a b)
4

(a + b)
2
4(a + b) 0 0 a + b 4
Suy ra: A = (a + b)
2
16
Vi x = y =
1
2
th A = 16. Vy gi tr ln nht ca A l 16.
- Cch 2:
t S = x + y, P = xy vi S
2
4P > 0. T gi thit S, P = 0.
Ta c: SP = S
2
3P P =
+
2
S
S 3

A = +
3 3
1 1
x y
=
+
3 3
3 3
x y
x y
=
+ +
2 2
3 3
(x y)(x y xy)
x y
=
+
2
3 3
(x y) xy
x y
=
+
2
2 2
(x y)
x y

A =
+ | |
=
|
\ .
2
2
S S 3
S
P

k: S
2
4P > 0 S
2

+
2
4S
S 3
> 0 S
2
| |
|
+ \ .
S 1
S 3
> 0
+
S 1
S 3
> 0 (v S=0)

<
>
S 3
S 1
(*)
t h = f(S) =
+ S 3
S
h' =
2
3
S
< 0, S tho (*)

T bng bin thin, ta c: 0 < h s 4 v h = 1, S tho (*).
M A = h MaxA = 16 khi x = y =
1
2
(S = 1, P =
1
4
).
- Cch 3:
(x + y)xy =
| |
+
|
\ .
2 2
y 3y
x
2 4
> 0
+
+ =
1 1 x y
x y xy
> 0
A = +
3 3
1 1
x y
=
+
3 3
3 3
x y
x y
=
| |
+
|
\ .
2
1 1
x y
= +
1 1
A
x y

D chng minh c:
+ + | |
s
|
\ .
3 3 3
a b a b
2 2
(vi a + b > 0)
du "=" xy ra khi a = b.
p dng vi a =
1
x
, b =
1
y
, ta c:

| | | | | |
+ +
| |
|
\ . \ .
| s
|
|
\ .
3 3 3
1 1 1 1
x y x y
2 2

| |
s |
|
\ .
3
A A
2 2
A s 16.
Du "=" xy ra khi = =
1 1
2
x y
. Vy Max A = 16.
- Cch 4:
A =
2
2
S
P
, suy ra = =
2
S 3S
A
P
S SP

S
2
4P > 0 S
2
4

2
S SP
3
> 0

P
1
S
1 4
3
> 0 >
P 1
S 4
(chia cho S
2
)
Nn: A =
2
2
S
P
s 16. Vy Max A = 16 (khi x = y =
1
2
).
51. (i hc khi B 2006)
Trong mpOxy, xt M(x 1; y), N(x + 1; y).
Do OM + ON MN nn:
( ) ( ) + + + + > + = +
2 2 2 2 2 2
x 1 y x 1 y 4 4y 2 1 y

Do : A 2 + +
2
1 y y 2 = f(y)
- Vi y 2 f(y) = 2 +
2
1 y + 2 y f'(y) =
+
2
2y
y 1
1
f'(y) = 0 2y = +
2
1 y
>
= +
2 2
y 0
4y 1 y
y =
1
3

Do ta c bng bin thin nh trn
- Vi y 2 f(y) 2 +
2
1 y 2 5 > 2 + 3 .
Vy A 2 + 3 vi mi s thc x, y.
Khi x = 0 v y =
1
3
th A = 2 + 3
Nn gi tr nh nht ca A l 2 + 3 .

Tuyen BDT

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