N TP CHNG IN LI Phn 1: L thuyt cn nm: 1.

Cht in li - Cht in li mnh ( mi tn mt chiu): + Cc axit mnh: HCl, HI, HBr, cc axit c oxi: H2SO4, HNO3, HClO4 ( ly s nguyn t oxi s nguyn t H >= 2 l axit mnh) phn li cho H+ + Cc bazo mnh: LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2 phn li cho OH+ Hu ht cc mui tr cc mui khng tan hoc t tan. - Cht in li yu: ( mi tn 2 chiu) tr cc axit mnh, bazo mnh v mui tan cn li l cht in li yu. Ch : Hidroxit lng tnh: Al(OH)3 , Zn(OH)2, Cr(OH)3, Sn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2, Be(OH)2 phn li theo 2 kiu axit ( cho H+), bazo ( tao OH-) 2. [H+] pH Mi trng dd = 1,0.10-7M > 1,0.10-7M < 1,0.10-7M =7 <7 >7 Trung tnh Axit Baz

Qu tm

pH6

tm 6 < pH <8 khng mu pH < 8,3

xanh pH 8 hng pH 8,3

Phenolphtalein

3. iu kin phn ng trao i ion xy ra: Cht kt ta , cht kh hay cht in li yu. Phn bi tp c bn: T lun: Cu 1: Vit phng trnh in li: a. HCl, H3PO4, H2S, H2CO3, Mg(OH)2, KOH, NH4Cl, Ca(NO3)2 b. NaHSO3, Ca(HSO4)2, K2HPO4, KH2PO4 c. Cc hidroxit lng tnh: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Cr(OH)3, Sn(OH)2 Cu 2: Tnh [H+], [OH-], pH, pOH trong cc trng hp sau: a. Dung dch H2SO4 0,05M b. Dung dch HNO3 0,0001M c. Dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,004M d. 20 gam dung dch NaOH 20%. Bit th tch dung dch l 500 ml e. pha long 5,6 gam KOH vo nc c 400 ml dung dch A. Tnh pH ca dung dch A

Cu 3: Tnh pH a. Dung dch A cha HCl 0,05M v H2SO4 0,025M b. Dung dch B cha KOH 0,0004M v Ca(OH)2 0,0003M c. Cho 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M vo 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,05M thu c dung dch A. Tnh pH ca dung dch A d. Cho 400 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,03M vo 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,02M. Tnh pH ca dung dch e. Cho 200 ml dung dch A cha HCl 0,002M v H2SO4 0,004M. 300 ml Dung dch B cha KOH 0,003M. - Tnh pH ca dung dch A v B - Cho dung dch A vo dung dch B ta thu c dung dch C tnh pH ca dung dch C. f. Cho 400 ml dung dch A gm KOH 0,01M v Ba(OH)2 0,02M v 400 ml dung dch B cha HCl 0,03M. - Tnh pH ca dung dch A v B - Trn 2 dung dch A v B li ta c dung dch C. Tnh pH ca dung dch C. g. Cho 500 ml dung dch A gm HCl 0,002M, HNO3 0,003M v dung dch B cha KOH 0,001M, NaOH 0,002M, Ba(OH)2 0,002M. - Tnh pH ca dung dch A v B - Trn 2 dung dch A v B ta thu c dung dch C. Tnh pH ca dung dch C. Cu 4: