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Ch nht,ngy05thngtmnm 2012
Lmth no s dngcmmhiu qu lmthc n chn
nui,thc n thy sn
Ngccvphphm> Cmm(Cmlam)

Cmm- Thnhphn,Gitr
dinh dng
4.5/5 138 phiu

Nghincu h iu q u s
dngcmmlmthc n
chnnui:ng vt nhai
li,bsa,btht, cu,d,
ln, th, nga, la
Thc n thy sn: h cr
phi, h cchp,h cchim,
c i,vnhmng vt
gipxc

Cmm

Tn
Mc lc
- Tngi
- Thc n chnnuit Lam
linquan
- Mt
- Phnphi
- Nhng luvCmm
- ThuctnhDinhdng
Danh mcccbng
- S dngcmmlmthc n
chnnui,thc n thy sn
Cmmlmthc n cho ng
vt nhai li
Cmmlmthc nchoBSa
Cmmlmthc nchoBtht
Cmmlmthc n cho Cu
Cmmlmthc nchoD
Cmmlmthc n cho Ln
Cmmlmthc n cho Gia cm
Cmmlmthc n cho Th
Chbin
CmLamcng
Cmmlmthc n cho Nga
vla
II. S dng bttmlmthc n
l
thy sn
Cmlamlmthc nchoC l
Cmmlmthc n cho ng
l
vtgipxc
l
Tiliu tham kho

Tnthng gi:Cmlam,cm
m,cmmy,cmlamy,cmm
th,cmlamth,thc nlam
th
Tnting anh: Wheat bran, fine
wheat bran, coarse wheat bran,
coarse wheat feed, wheat middings
By ng Quc Bu, July 28, 2012

T
h

n
c
h

Cmm
n
nuit Lamlinquan:
Lam(nichung)
Lamngcc
Lamlmthc ngiasc
Mmlam,bt du mm

Viclm

Sitemap

ng nhp

Bmlnmen

Mt:
Cmlam,mt sn phm caqutrnhxayxtlamthngthng (
Triticum aestivumL.)thnhbtkh,lmt trong nhng ph phmchnh
c s dng trong chnnuing vt.Nbaogmcclpngoicng
(cuticle, pericarp and seedcoat) kt hp vi mt lng nhca ni nhtinh
bt (starchy endosperm) ca htnhnlam.Ccngnhcngnghip ch
binlamkhcbaogm mt bc loi bcmcngcthsn xutcm
lamnhlmt phphmringbit: btmsykhvbthnsn xut t
lamcng ( Triticum turgidum L. subsp. cng (Desf.), Husn.), sn xut tinh
btvsn xut ethanol
iu quan trnglcn
lu l c m l a m
thn g c n h
ngha chung. Mcdc
nhiu quc gia quy nh
cth cyucu bt
buc v thnhphn
cm,thnhphn c
bndicitnbao
gm mt lotccph
phmlam. Hiu sut
nghincth lmthay
Cu to htLam
i t l bt,tythuc
vocht lng ca sn phm cuicng. Tlxayxt(tlbt) t100% bt
mnguynnthn 70% cho btbnhngt. Tlkhaithcinhnhdao
ng t75% n 80%, kt qul20-25%cm,bm(Kentetal.,1994).
Cmlamchim khong50%cm,
bmvkhong 10-19nhnht
(kernel),tythucvosa dngv
qutrnhxayxt(Ash,1992WMC,
2008; Prikhodko et al., 2009; Hassan et
al., 2008).Trongqutrnhxayxtcng
nghip,saukhilmsch, loi b tp
cht,ccht csnlc(ngmlm
cho docclpbnngoivni nh
tinh bt mm to iu kintch
chng)vsauch. utinthu
cccht tmlamth,ncm
lamvccbcsaulccph
HtLam
phm (WMC, 2008). Xayxtccsn
phm truyn thn g c ttnsaukhikim cht lng ( mn,mu
sc...)v/hoc giai on caqutrnhmphtsinh,vi nhng bin
i ngkgiaccngnng, quc gia, khu vc,qutrnhxayxtvthm
chccnhmy. ccnccngnghip, s dngccsn phmny
cbnring(cmmth,cmmy,tm,cmmsn2,cmmsn3...),
tythucvomctlcaccphnmcmc cht lngkhcnhau
(McDonald et al, 2002).
Cmlamcbn
lmthc n chnnui
ng vt thnglhn
hp cacmmthv
ccsn phmcmmy
tccgiaionxayxt
sau .Trongqutrnh
xayxttruyn thng, bt
ctchtrc tip t
cmtrongqutrnhxay
xtvsnglc. yl
loicmchmlng
tinh bt cao hnvgi
tr dinh dng cao hn
(Piccioni, 1965).

Tinh btm

Cmlamthchhplmthc n cho chnnui

Cmlamthch
hplmthc n
cho chnnuiv
rt ngon min g
vi hu htcc
l o i n g vt
(Fuller, 2004;
Piccioni, 1965).
Cmlaml
mt ngun thc
nchnhcth
ddngphatrn.
C m m tt
thn g c mt
lp phbng bt,
vykhvkhng
dnh.Cmm
thn g c

bndngthhocnnvin(Ghl,1982).

CmmPhuThinh.Co

Phnphi

Cmlamxut khutrntonthgiivlthc
n chnnuiphbin.Tuynhin,nhgisliu sn xuttrntonthgii
lkhkhn. Sn lnglamchongitiudngcthc ctnh
khong 456.000.000 tn trong nm2007.Khitnhtonbngcchs dng
mt tlsn xutcm10-19% (xem trn),cmlamtrntonth gii
sn xut bao gm t45 n 90 triu tn.Ccnhsn xutchnhlamxay:
Trung Quc, n , Hoa K, LinbangNga,Pakistan,ThNhKvPhp
(khong 75% sn lng) (FAO, 2011).

Nhng luv Cmm

Pentosans
Cmlamcha pentosans ccholchot ng gim dinh dng
gia cmvkt qulhn ch hiu qu s dng cht dinh dngvtng
trngkm(Choctetal.,1992).

Phytaseha
Cmlamcmt enzym phytase cao, lichcpht pho trong khu phn
n ca lnvgiacm.Tuynhin,phytasecthgim ngkkhicmla
m c c h binthnhbtvinbivnhitcth phhy phytase
(Cavalcanti et al., 2004).

Lipase thyphni
Cmlamccha 1 lipase n nh nhitgyi.(Allenetal.,1994).Tuy
nhin,cmlamccha mt lng chtbothpvkhngcvn sc
khe cbocotrongchnnui.

Suy tuyn cn g i p cp
dinh dng
Sdng mt lng lncmcth
gyrathiu ht canxi nga, c
gilsuytuyn cngipth cp
dinh dngcnc gil"bnh
u ln", "bnhcm"nga biv
cccngtyxayxtthngxuyn
cho khu phn nga ca h c
Tmlamvn
cha mt lng lncm(Kohnke
etal.,1999).Chngthngxuyncixng,ginvdgyxng khnng
cha bnhkm.Sngvxng mt mmvququtchnthngxuyn
(Kahn, 2005).

ThuctnhDinhdng
Protein,khongcht, duvcht xchyu ctmthy cclpngoi
cacmgovlamlphongphhntrongcccht dinh dng so vi
ngccnguynht.
Ntng igiuprotein(14-19% DM, ikhicaohn)vkhongcht (47% DM), c bitlcanxi(0,07-0,2%DM)vpht pho (0,9-1,3%DM).Hm

lng du (3-5% DM) cao hn so vi ngccnguynht.

Cht xvtinhbt tng quan nghchvdthay i,vchngphthucvo
slng tng i ca vtru, ni nhvccphnphnonkhcphatrn
vi nhau.
Tuynhin,sn phmcmtrnthtrngnncha mt lng cht xtng
i cao: cht xth7-14 DM, NDF 35-54% DM, ADF 9-16%DMvlng
thp ADL 2-4%DM.Cmlamcng cha khong 15-30% DM tinh bt
(Feedipedia, 2011). Cht xltrngichnhchovic sdng loi btlam
trong dinh dng ng vt, c bitltrongnhmng vtmonogastrics.V
ldo,ccgitrnng lng cacmlam(DE,ME,NE)lunlunthp
hn so vi ngccnguynht cho tt cccloing vt.

Bng
CcThnhphn,gitrdinh dngCmlam

ThnhphnchnhCmm

n v

Trung
bnh

SD

Min

Max

Nb

Vt chtkh

%Ln

87,0

0,8

85,3

88,8 17935

Proteinth

% DM

17,3

0,8

15,6

19,1 17616

Thsi

% DM

10,4

1,1

8,3

12,9 17489

NDF

% DM

45,2

3,8

35,9

52,8

677 *

ADF

% DM

13,4

1,3

10,3

15,7

678 *

Lignin

% DM

3,8

0,5

2,6

4,8

403 *

Ether chit xut

% DM

3,9

0,4

3,0

4,8 8250

Tro

% DM

5,6

0,4

4,7

6,5 10030

Tinh bt

% DM

23,1

3,1

17,0

30,6 15498

ng

% DM

7,2

1,3

4,4

9,5

Tng nng lng

MJ / kg
DM

18,9

0,2

18,6

19,5

KhongchtCmm

n v

Trung
bnh

SD

Calcium

g / kg DM

1,4

0,3

Photpho

g / kg DM

11,1

Kali

g / kg DM

13,7

Sodium

g / kg DM

Magnesium

Min

Max

139
59 *

Nb

0,9

2,6

1,0

9,2

13,6

2,2

10,0

18,4

0,1

0,1

0,0

0,2

116

g / kg DM

4,6

1,0

2,8

7,0

60

Mangan

mg / kg
DM

113

31

50

158

35

Km

mg / kg
DM

89

19

55

136

36

ng

mg / kg
DM

13

19

35

Fe

mg / kg
DM

153

33

111

230

22

AminoaxitCmm

n v

Trung
bnh

SD

Min

Max

614
808 *
72 *

Nb

Alanine

% Protein

4,6

0,2

4,2

5,0

22

Arginine

% Protein

6,7

0,7

4,7

8,3

26

Aspartic acid

% Protein

7,0

0,4

6,0

7,6

22

Cystine

% Protein

2,1

0,2

1,7

2,4

36

Axit glutamic

% Protein

18,9

1,8

16,0

21,9

21

Glycine

% Protein

5,0

0,4

4,4

5,9

24

Histidine

% Protein

2,7

0,2

2,3

3,1

23

Isoleucine

% Protein

3,2

0,2

2,9

3,5

26

Leucin

% Protein

6,0

0,3

5,4

6,5

25

Lysine

% Protein

4,0

0,3

3,3

4,7

65

Methionine

% Protein

1,5

0,1

1,2

1,8

49

Phenylalanine

% Protein

3,9

0,3

3,5

4,4

25

Proline

% Protein

6,3

0,7

5,4

7,7

14

Serine

% Protein

4,2

0,2

3,9

4,6

23

Threonine

% Protein

3,2

0,2

2,9

3,5

25

Tryptophan

% Protein

1,4

0,2

1,0

1,6

17

Tyrosine

% Protein

2,7

0,5

1,7

4,1

16

Valine

% Protein

4,6

0,2

4,0

5,2

24

Gitrdinh dng ng vt
nhai li

n v

Trung
bnh

SD

Min

Max

Nb

Tiuhahu c

73,4

4,1

66,4

81,1

9*

Nng lngtiuha

71,4

3,1

66,8

76,5

8*

Tiuhanng lng

MJ / kg
DM

13,5

Metabolizable nng lng

MJ / kg
DM

11,0

Nittiuha

68,2

(N)

22,0

b (N)

73,6

c (N)

h-1

0,250

Nitphnhy, k = 4%

85

Nitphnhy, k = 6%

81

Gitrdinh dng Ln

n v

Trung
bnh

*
0,6

10,2

11,8

8*
*

*
5
SD

66
Min

84
Max

11 *
Nb

TiuhaNng lng, Tng

trngln

57,1

7,0

46,5

71,0

16 *

Tiuhanng lng, Tng

trng ln

MJ / kg
DM

10,8

1,3

9,0

13,8

17 *

Metabolizable nng lng, Tng

trng ln

MJ / kg
DM

10,2

1,9

8,1

13,3

9*

Net nng lng, Tng trngln

MJ / kg
DM

7,2

Nittiuha,Tng trngln

Gitrdinh dng Gia cm

n v

64,9
Trung
bnh

GTrNg Non

MJ / kg
DM

7,8

Gtht

MJ / kg
DM

7,4

Gitrdinh dng Th

n v

Trung
bnh

*
6,9
SD

1,6

SD

59,9
Min

84,9
Max

13 *
Nb

5,3

10,6

16 *

5,3

7,4

2*

Min

Max

Nb

TiuhaNng lng

62,7

5,2

59,4

69,0

3*

Nng lng Tiuha

MJ / kg
DM

11,9

1,1

10,7

13,7

11 *

TiuhaNit

74,0

2,2

74,0

80,0

3*

Metabolizable nng lng

MJ / kg
DM

11,0

* Du hoa thchra rnggitrtrungbnhthuc bng mtphngtrnh.

Tiliu tham kho

A D A S , nm 1 9 8 8A d e r i b i g b e e t a l , 1 9 9 3 .A F Z , 2 0 1 1A l b a r ,
2006,Andersonvcccng s, 1991.Arosemena et al, 1995.Aufrreet
al, 1991.Bach Knudsen nm 1 9 9 7Belibasakis, 1984B h a t t i e t a l ,
1995.Blas et al, 1998.Carretal,1986.Champ et al, 1989Chapoutot et
al, 1990.Cilliers et al, 1998.CIRAD, 1991,CIRAD, 1994,C I R A D ,
2008De Boever et al, 1984DeSilvavcng s, 1990.DePeters et al,
1997.D e P e t e r s e t a l , 2 0 0 0 . D e w a r , nm 1 9 6 7D j o u v i n o v e t a l ,
1998.Donkohetal,2009.Fadel, nm 1992Fekete et al, 1986.Fialho et al,
1995.Forster Jr et al, 1994.Furuyavcn g s, 1988.Guillaume,
1978,Han et al, 1976.Hepburn et al, 1960Huque et al, 1995.Jondreville
et al, 2000Kandylis et al, 1986.Karunajeewa et al, 1987.Kiiskinen nm
1992Krishna, 1985Kuan et al, 1982.Landry et al. 1988Laplace et al,
1989Lekule et al, 1990.Lin et al, 1987.Macgregor et al, 1978Madsen et
al, 1984.Maertens et al, 1985.Maertens et al, 2001.Mariscal Landin nm
1992Maupetit et al, 1992.Melaku et al, 2003Morganvcn g s,
1975.Munguti et al, 2009.Nadeem et al, 2005.Naik, 1967Najar et al,
1990Narang et al, 1985.Noblet et al, 1997.Noblet et al, 2000.Nwokolo,
1986,Perezvcng s, 1984.Ravindran et al, 1994.San Juan et al,
1993.Shi et al, 1993.Skiba et al, 2000.met al, 1990.Sultan Singh et
al, 2006.Taghizadeh et al, 2005.,Van Cauwenberghe et al, 1996.vritet
al, 1990.Vervaeke et al, 1989.Wainman et al, 1979.Wisemanvcng
s, 1992.Wolter et al, 1979.Yamazaki et al, 1986.Yin et al, 1993.Zhu
et al, 1990.

S dngcmmlmthc n chnnui,thc n thy sn

Cmmlmthc
n c h o n g vt
nhai li
Khicth, nndngcm
lamlmtthnhphn
chnhca chn cho
ng vt nhai li,doc
c c c ht d i n h dn g
quan trng: protein, cht
khong,cht x vtinh
bt. Bao gm tlti a
Cmmlmthc n cho ng vt nhai li
c ngh l10%
b,20%bsa, 25% trong chnnuibtht, 5% cho cuv20%chocu
ci(Ewing,1997).Nctcdng nhuntrng,mt phn bivccphn x
cacmmctiuhaddng(Ghl,1982).
Ging nhhtngvbt u tng,cmlamlmt phn quan trng ca
chn cho ng vt nhai li, hu htccthnghimlinquanncm
lamthaythnviccthnhphn a phng. Xem nhngvdgn y
ca vic sdngcmm:

Cmmlmthc nchoBSa
Bangladesh, mtsosnhchn btcvcmlamchobang cho
conb,nc kt lun rng vic s dng loicmlamkt qu li
nhunrngcaohn mtchttbnsadochiphthp hn ca chn
cmlam(Khanetal.,1992). Ti Pakistan, mtsosnhcmng,cmla
mvcmgo sn xut sa cabHolsteinFriesianchothy,cmlam
chophphiu sut thp hn so vicmng,nhng hiu sut cao hn so
vicmgo (Tahir et al., 2002).
Ti n , cmlambsungchobginglaikhtrnmt chn ung
bsung rm chokt qu vt tri hn so vi bsungcmgotrchly
du (Singh et al., 2000).

Cmmlmthc nchoBtht
Ti M, bsung cabthtviu tit cht lngtiuththp, tallgrass-ng
clmthc ngiascvicmlamcht lng thp hocsnthhai (tinh
btcao)vbt u tng cho thy rng bn cht caxayxtccsn phm
khngnh hng n hiu sut hoc hp thvtiuhathc nthxanh
cht lng thp, lngproteinlphnhycth ngn bt ktcng
tiucc tlng tinh btcngcao(Farmeretal.,2001).
Vic bsungcmlammc 0,48% trng lng sngvochn c
uitrulmtng tng trng lng sng, nhngthn so vi vic bsung
vingmnh (Hess et al., 1996).
Ti n , bsungvothc ngiascbc ging lai t ngnmaxanh
ct nh vi mt hn hp m ccmlam(50%)vht u lng (ph
phm chbin u lng) (50%) dn n hiu sut tt hn vi khnngtiu
ha,lngcccht dinh dngvtng trng hn so vi khi bsung ch
cchacmlamhoc chph phm u lng. iunyc giithch
bngqutrnhlnmendctt hn vi bsungcmlam+phphm u
lng (Gendley et al., 2002; Gendley et al., 2009).

Cmmlmthc n cho Cu
Ti n , rmlamnhlthc n chnnuitng trng duy nht cho
Cu, thay thhtngvicmlamrhnlmgimchiphthc n ca
hn hp m c cng nhchiphthc ntrnmt n vtng trng lng
sng.
Hiu sut chuyn i thc n chnnuikhngbnh hngvnc
kt lun rng mt na ca htngcthlmtcchantonvkinhtthay
th bngcmlamtronghn hp tp trung ca Cungycngtngm
khngcbt knh hng xu n hiu sut cachng,htr85-90ghng
ngy(Dhakadetal.,2002).
cu ln, htlamchcthc thay thbngcmlamlnn 50%

trong chn ung (Singh et al., 1999).

TiEthiopia,khngchiu qu caccthnhphn bsung cpht
hin tngcntrongthc n cu Farta hoc hn hpccbt ht ging niger (
Guizotiaabyssinica)vcmlam(Fentieetal.,2008).

Cmmlmthc nchoD
Ti n , b sungcmlamci thin vic sdngcccht dinh dng
khcnhauchodn rm hn hp nhlngun thc nth(Maityetal.,
1999).
Ti Brazil, tngcnvchuynhathc nkhngbnh hng bi sbao
gm cacmlamthtrongchn ungthayvngtrongkhu phn n
cadthtvnc kt lunlcmlam14%cthc bao gm,
nhchn ung chathn 50% NDF (Dias et al., 2010).

Cmmlmthc n cho Ln
Cmlamlmtthnhphn ph bin trong khu phn n ca ln.N
thnglngonmingvcthclmthc n cho tt cln vivivn
. Hn ch chnhlthnhphn cht xcao,lmgim mt nng lng
can:hmlng nng lngrngcacmlami din cagitrNE
cho ln ang lnvlnnitrngthnhtngcitng ngl60v65%
(Noblet et al., 2002). Nhnggitr nng lngcthc ctnhchnh
xctccthngshahc (EvaPig, 2010).
Khu phn n ca Lncchacmlamcxuhnglmtng khnng
tiuththc n cachngvi mt lng nhvymnng lngtiuth
vnkhngi (Levasseur et al., 1998). iunynh hng n s ph
thucvotlbao gmcm,lamvthi gian ca thi kthchng vi
chn ung cng knh (Kyriazakis et al., 1995).Cmlamgii hn s
dng cantrongchn ungxydngchoccgiaionsinhl,ch
n ung nng lng phi c ti a (heo tp nvln ang ln, lnnicho
conb)v/hoc iu kin v chung, ni cmgicngonming c gii
hn biccyu t mitrng(tnhtrng v sinhkm,khhu mp).
Ngc li,cmlamcthcphalongcholn mang thai gim i
vci thin chmsc(Ramonetetal.,1999),tnhtrng sc khe (MeunierSalanetal.,2001)vnng sut sinh sn (Matte et al., 1994). Chn
ungmangthaicthcha n30%cmm.Vic sdng chngiu
cmlamxungquanhqutrnhsinhikhic nghngn chn
tobncholnnivhi chngvimv(Etienne,1987).
Dliu vviccmlamc sdng mc cao trong khu phn n ln
nichoconbvln trngthnhang khan him.Cmlamc s
dng mc 48,5% trong khu phn n lnchoconbkhngnh hng n
hiu sut ca lnni(Schoenherretal.,1989). iunycthkhngphil
trng hp lnnichoconbcnng sutcaovmc bao gm thp
hn sau nghtrong khu phn n lnchoconb. Trong iu kin nhit
i, hiu sut lnnitrongqutrnhchoconbcduytr mc 36%
cmlamc bao gm trong chn ung (Renaudeau et al., 2003).
Cmlamc sdng mc 0-20% trong khu phn nkhngngk
nh hng n tc tng trng ca lnphttrin gia20v90kg
nhng tng tlchuyn i thc n (Newton et al., 1983). Khi chn ung
vicmlamcxydng duytrcngmtthnhphn NE (vi cht
bo),chai tc tng trngvtlchuynhathc n tng tnhmt
chn ungmkhngcncmlam(Levasseuretal.,1998).Hon
thin chn ungcthcha n30%cmmmkhngcbt ktc
ngtiucc vhiu sut (Hines, 1980).

Cmmlmthc n cho Gia

cm
Ccgitrdinh dng cacm
lamchogiacm ctm
thytrongccbngvccn
phmlrtkhcnhau,donhiu
sn phm ctmthy di
tnny.Tuynhin,thnhphn
KhoCmmlmthc n chnnui tinh bt,proteinvlipidtng i
thp trong khi cht x cao. Kt
qulgitrME thpvcthc ctnhbngccho lng cht x

nhcccht x th(Boudouma,2010a). Khi chn ctnhbng chi

phxydngt,tlcmlamnichungthp. cccnhiu ngcc, sn
phmphongphvrtin, chthc n nng lngccha mt lng
lncmmcthc sdng.Tuynhinsdng mt lng lncmm
cthhn chkchthc tng trng (Soe et al., 2009).
Khi nu trncmmmc tlcao(>13%)gthtcxuhng gim lng
thc n (Boudouma, 2010b). Chn ung dngvincthkhc phccc
tcngchi ca chn mt thpcchacmm.Gmicho
n thc nphalongmt cht dinh dng gim bao gmcmlam45%
lng thc n dngvin.Trongkhigc cho n chnlongnthn
vtrng nhhn (Vilarino et al., 1996).
Cmlamcmt ngun betaine ngt tnhinc bitlctcngtch
cctrnsiuhapsut thm thu, gim m vcholinevti thiu
methionine trong gia cm (Kidd et al., 1997).

Cmmlmthc n cho Th
i vi th, cmlamlnguncgitrtiuhanng lng cht x, v
protein.Nc gii thiu rt thngxuyntrongchn thng mi
(Lebasetal.,1984bdeBlasetal.,2010)Vtrongchn tham kho trong
ccth nghimtrnng vt (Lebas et al., 2009). Thngxuynavo
chn th nghiml45-50% hoc nhiu hn,lnn 64-65%, trong
nghincu vcmlamhocccthnhphn thay thmt phn cacm
lamtrongchn ung iu khin (Aduku et al., 1986; Berchiche et al.,
2000; Blas et al., 2000a; Blas et al., 2000b; Fotso et al., 2000; Gidenne, 1987;
Gu et al., 2004; Parigi-Bini et al., 1984; Singh et al., 1997; Villamide et al.,
1989). Nu cn thit,cmlamcthsdng hn 98% chn ung,
mkhngcvn (Robinson et al., 1986). Trong thc ncngnghip, mc
va phivnichungltrongphm vi 15-35% (de Blas et al., 2010).
Trong chn thnghim ctrnhbytrongHi tho Thgii vTH
nm 2008, bao gm mc trungbnhl19,1%(Lebasetal.,2009).
Cmlamcthc sdng trong vic thc nphttrin cho thcng
nhtronglmthc n chnnui,bivccyucu dinh dng c p
ng (Hoffmann et al., 1993; Muir et al., 1995; Salma et al., 2002). Tlcaoc
thlvn do bin i lntronghmlng tinh bttrongcmlam,nh
lng tinh bt trong chn phi c gii hn cho thcon,vthcai sa
(Gidenne et al., 2010).
Cccht xthvtng ng mc ADF loicmlamthp hn mc ti
thiu c ngh cho th (de Blas et al., 2010) N hn g ni d u n g
hemicelluloselquantrng hn (khong 1/3 sn phm)vphn dtiuha
(72% theo Gidenne, 1987) ngmtvaitrquantrng trong vic ngn nga
bnhtiuha(Gidenneetal.,2010).
Cmlamcnglmt ngun tuyt vi ca pht pho. Thc t hu ht
phoshorustrongcmlphytate-boundkhngchu quvvic sdngtiu
haca phosporus thtngtiuhadochot ng quan trng ca
vi khunlmsuygimhmlng phytate (Nelson et al., 1985; Furlan et al.,
1994).Tuynhin,trongchnnui,hmlng phtphocaotrongcmlam
cthgii hn vic sdng tltrungbnhpht pho trnntng i c
hi hn 0,75% hin nay trong chn ung (Lebas et al., 1984a; Lebas et
al., 1990)

Ch bin
Cmlamxay(1%htcnlitrnsng1mmsovi36%chotonbcm
lam)khngthayi tltiuhaprotein,cht xthvci thin chhn (+
3%) vt chtkhvsdng nng lng (Robinson et al., 1986).

CmLamcng
Cmlamcng him khi c sdng(Cmtngnhcngnghip bt
bnhm),nhng slng ln c sn xut viccngnhcngnghip bt
hnhocmng.Ccthnghim thc hin Algeriacmlamcngcth
c sdng trong chnnuithvi nhng hn chtng t, nuc,ph
bin hn so vicmlam(Berchicheetal.,2000Kadietal.,2004LakabiIoualitene et al., 2008).

Cmmlmthc n cho Ngavla

Cmlamcth dngchonga nlnn 2 kg mingy(Ghl,1982).

Nga thy ngon mingvthchn thc n chalnn10%cm(c s
DM). Mcdnc phbin nhlmt thc n nhuntrngchonga,
tcdng nhuntrngnylkhngngknhcon ngatiuthccngun
cht xkhc. Tlbao gm cao cacmmcthgyrathiu ht canxi (
Lutrn). Bsung canxi, kmvstkhngnnc trnvomt lng
lncm,vchngcthhn chphytate trong rutnon,mslmgim tc
hp thu cachng(Kohnkeetal.,1999).

Cmmlmthc
n cho thy sn
Cmmlmthc n
choC
Cccht xtrongcm
lamgii hn sdng
chocn thc vtv
n tp . S ut c h u n g
c ngh l2-5%
vcmlamtt hn
n n c p n
(Hertrampf et al., 2000).
Tmlam
Cmlam c
thnghimvsdng
trong rt nhiuloicvtlbao gm cao hn dng nhcthctrong
mt strng hp nht nh.
l

CrphisngNile(Oreochromisniloticus)Tiuhadinhdng
cacmlamcrphisngNilectmthyltng
i cao cho protein (75-84%)vccaxitamin(78-87%) nhng rt
thp nng lng (37-39%)vnichunglthp hn nhiu so vi
khnngtiuhadinhdng btcvccngunproteinkhc
(Maina et al., 2002; Ribeiro et al., 2011; Sklan et al., 2004).

Trong gingcrphisngNilecmthc n ngcc(ng,lamvgo)

1,5% trng lng cth, tng trng thu c vi vicdngcmlaml
trung gian giacmng(caonht)vcmgo (thp nht).Tuynhin,cm
lamcli nhun hn (Liti et al., 2006).
l

Cmmlmthc n cho HCCyprinids

Cmmlmthc nchoCchp(Cyprinuscarpio L.)

Cmlamncchpphbin 3% trng lng cth 3 ln

mingythctng trng tt hn, chuyn i thc n, DM trong
tht,proteinvnng lngduytrhn so vicchpncmgo
(phaykhng),nhng hiu sut thp hn so vicchpn ph
phmbnhquyvlam-tm (Shalaby et al., 1989). Trong mt
chn ungcchpccha 48,5% cathnhphn th
nghim, tltiuhaproteincaohnchocmlam(81%)so
vi htlamin, nhng thp hn i vilamch en.Tiuha
Lipidcmlam(82%)(Degani,2006). Mt chn cac
chpccha10%cmmchohiu sut tt hn so vi khi s
dng20%cmlam(Rahmanetal.,1989,ctrchdn bi
Hertrampf et al., 2000).
Cmmlmthc nchoCcloicchpkhc

Cmlammc 30% trong chn ging ca3loicchp

n ( catla catla , Labeo rohita , Cirrhinus mrigala ) ctm
thylmtthnhphnthchhp, vi khnngtiuhatng i
c a o i viprotein(93%)vnn g lng(80%).Tiuha
Carbohydrate thp hn(68%)vthp hnngnuchn,nhng
vn cao hn so vicmgovcmgo nhbng(Erfanullahet
al., 1998).CchpLabeorohita n khu phn chalnn 515%cmlamtngcntt hn trong 3 tun utintl15%
trong khi tng trng ging ht nhau sau 3 tun. Pht pho gim
trongccmccmmchim10v15%(Mitra,1988).ChoC
chpCirrhinusmrigalancmlam 4% trng lng cth
hai ln mtngy,chotrng lng c th thp hnvt l
chuyn i thc n cao hn so vi thc ngutenngvbt

hng dng (Shabir et al., 2003).

Cmmlmthc n cho hcchimCharacids

Nam M, cchimcharacidsPacuen(tambaqui,gamitana)c
chim Colossoma macropomumvcchimPiaractusPacu
brachypomus sn, chui,tricyvtrio,peach-palm tree (
Bactris gasipaes ) cho hiu sut tng trng tt hn so vi tm
lamvcmlamtrongkhu phn nccha30%thnhphn
(Lochmann et al., 2009). cchpColossomamacropomum,
mt chn bao gmcmlam23-25%cngthcccha
25%proteinvmt DE 11,3 MJ / kg tng trng tt hnv
chuynhathc n hn so vi chnccha protein 35%,
hoc hn so vi chncchaprotein25%vthp hn DE
(Gutierrez et al., 2009). Vt chtkhvkhnngtiuhaprotein
thcchimPacuPiaractusbrachypomusctmthyl
cmlamthp hn so vi bt ngcc,cvu tngvng
DEcmlamc ctnhl7,5MJ/kg,mt na cang
(14,0 MJ / kg), 2/3 ca bt u tng(10,0MJ/kg)vthp hn
nhiu so vi btc(16,0MJ/kg)(Fernandesetal.,2004).

Cmmlmthc nchoCCichlids

V thnhninloicichlidSarotherodonmelanotheron,cmnglthc n
phhp hn hn so viphngvcmlam.Tlsnglunthp hn so
vi thc ncngnghip (Ouattara et al., 2005).
l

Cmmlmthc nchoCi ( Mugil auratus )

Ci btcthcnuitrnmt chn ungcchacvcmla

mticcsut n ca3:01vn 10% trng lng c th(Enbayah et al.,
1987trchdn Hertrampf et al., 1989).
Cmmlmthc n cho ng vtgipxc
Khngthytiliu vvic sdng loicmlamtrongchnnuing vt
gipxc.Hertrampfetal.,2000khuyncotlbao gm ti al2-5%, mc
dtlcao hncthlcthtythucvoloi. tmxanhpostlarval(
Penaeus stylirostris ), mt chn ungccha 30% bt hn, bt mc
15%, bt u tng 5%, 20% btcvcmlam22%bsung trc tip u
trngArtemiachophttrin tt nhtvtlsng cao (Fenucci et al., 1984).
Cmlamchonringr, khngkp hplkhngthchhpchotmbin
Artemia Salina (Hertrampf et al., 2000).

Loi
Triticum spp. [Poaceae]
Loi Thc n
Ht ngccvccphphm
Ghirnguntcgi: ng Quc Bu
Bn quynbivit thuc v PhuThinh.Co, mi ssaochp,trchdn
phi cghirbn quynvphi t ng link nbivitny

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