Bi 1.

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TNG HP 60 BI H PHNG TRNH CA MATH.VN

x3 y3 = 35
(1)
2x2 + 3y2 = 4x 9y (2)

Gii h phng trnh:

ma
th

Gii
Ly phng trnh (1) tr 3 ln phng trnh (2) theo v ta c: "
(x 2)3 = (3 + y)3 x = y + 5
y = 2 x = 3
Th (3) vo phng trnh (2) ca h ta c: y2 + 5y + 6 = 0
y = 3 x = 2
p s: (3; 2), (2; 3) l nghim ca h.
Bi 2.

x3 + y3 = 9
(1)
Gii h phng trnh:
x2 + 2y2 = x + 4y (2)

(3)

ww
.

Gii
Ly phng trnh (1) tr 3 ln phng trnh (2) theo v ta c: "
(x 1)3 = (2 y)3 x = 3 y (3)
y=1x=2
Th (3) vo phng trnh (2) ca h ta c: y2 3y + 2 = 0
y=2x=1
p s: (2; 1), (1; 2) l nghim ca h.
Bi 3.

x3 + y3 = 91
(1)
Gii h phng trnh:
4x2 + 3y2 = 16x + 9y (2)

htt

p:/

/w

Gii
Ly phng trnh (1) tr 3 ln phng trnh (2) theo v ta c: (x" 4)3 = (3 y)3 x = 7 y (3)
y=4x=3
Th (3) vo phng trnh (2) ca h ta c: y2 7y + 12 = 0
y=3x=4
p s: (3; 4), (4; 3) l nghim ca h.
Bi 4.

x2 + y2 = 1
(1)
5
Gii h phng trnh:
57

4x2 + 3x
= y (3x + 1) (2)
25
Gii
Ly phng trnh (1) nhn vi 25 cng theo vi vi phng trnh (2) nhn vi 50 ri nhm li ta c:
7
17
25(3x + y)2 + 50(3x + y) 119 = 0 3x + y = ; 3x + y = .
5
5

x2 + y2 =
2
1
11
2
5
Trng hp 1:
Th ta c: x = y = ; x =
y=
7

5
5
25
25
y = 3x
5

x2 + y2 = 1
5
Trng hp 2:
v nghim.
17

y = 3x

 
5
2 1
11 2
Vy
;
;
;
l nghim ca h.
5 5
25 25
Bi 5.

Gii h phng trnh:

x3 + 3xy2 = 49

(1)

x2 8xy + y2 = 8y 17x (2)

Gii
Ly phng trnh (1) cng vi phng trnh (2) nhn vi 3 c:

.vn

ma
th

"


x = 1
x3 + 3x2 + (3y2 24y + 51)x + 3y2 24y + 49 = 0 (x + 1) (x + 1)2 + 3(y 4)2 = 0
x = 1, y = 4
Ln lt th vo phng trnh (1) ca h ta c (1; 4), (1; 4) l nghim ca h.
Bi 6.
( 2
6x y + 2y3 + 35 = 0
(1)
Gii h phng trnh:
.
5x2 + 5y2 + 2xy + 5x + 13y = 0 (2)

ww
.

Gii
Ly phng trnh (1) cng vi 3 ln phng trnh (2) theo v ta c:
(6y + 15)x2 + 3(2y + 5)x + 2y3 + 15y2 +39y + 35 = 0
5

 
 !
y=
1 2
5 2

2
.
(2y + 5) 3 x +
=0
+ y+
5
1
2
2
x= , y=
2
2

 

1 5
1 5
Ln lt th vo phng trnh (1) ta c:
;
; ;
l nghim ca h.
2 2
2 2
Bi 7.

x2 + y2 = xy + x + y
Gii h phng trnh:
x2 y2 = 3
Gii

/w

1
Ch rng: x2 xy + y2 = 3(x y)2 + (x + y)2
4

a = x + y
3a2 + b2 = 4b
nn ta t
th c h mi:
b = x y
ab = 3

(1)

(2)

p:/

3
em th a = t phng trnh (2) vo phng trnh (1) ri gii tm c b = 3 a = 1
b
T tm li c: x = 2; y = 1 l nghim ca h.
Bi 7.1

x2 + 2x + 6 = y + 1
Gii h phng trnh:
x2 + xy + y2 = 7

htt

Gii
K: y 1 H cho tng ng vi:

x2 + 2x + 6 = y2 + 2y + 1
(x y)(x + y + 2) = 5
()

1 3(x + y)2 + (x y)2 = 7
3(x + y)2 + (x y)2 = 28
4

a = x + y
b(a + 2) = 5
a = 1
a = 3
hay
t
khi () tr thnh

b = x y
3a2 + b2 = 28
b = 5
b = 1

x = 3
x = 1
Gii h trn ta thu c nghim:
hay
y = 2
y = 2
Kt lun: H phng trnh cho c tp hp nghim l: {(3; 2), (1; 2)}
Bi 8.
2

Gii h phng trnh:

x2 + 2y2 = xy + 2y
2x3 + 3xy2 = 2y2 + 3x2 y

.vn

ma
th

Gii
Vi y = 0 x = 0 l nghim ca h.
Vi y 6= 0, nhn phng trnh 1 vi y ri cng theo v vi phng trnh 2 ta c:
2x3 4x2 y + 4xy2 2y3 = 0 x = y
Th li vo phng trnh 1 ca h ta c: 2y2 = 2y y = 1 x = 1
Vy (1; 1), (0; 0) l nghim ca h
Bi 9.

xx y=y = 8x + 2y
Gii h phng trnh:
()
x 3y = 6
Gii

x > 0
k:
y > 0

ww
.

3 xx yy
= 6 4x + y
(1)
. Lc hpt ()
x 3y = 6
(2)

Thay (2) vo (1) c:3 x x y y = (x 3y) 4 x + y x x + xy 12y x = 0

x x 3 y x + 4 y = 0 x = 3 y x = 9y. Thay vo (2) c y = 1 x = 9.

x = 9
Vy hpt c 1 nghim
y = 1
Bi 10.

r
r

2x + 2y = 3
y
x

x y + xy = 3

Gii h phng trnh:

Gii

()

p:/

/w

2x 2y
2x2 + 2y2 5xy = 0
+
=3
y
x

k x.y > 0 . Lc hpt ()

x y + xy = 3

x y + xy = 3

(x 2y) (2x y) = 0
x = 2y
y = 2x

hay
.
x y + xy = 3
2y2 + y 3 = 0
2x2 x 3 = 0




3
3
; (1; 2) ;
;3
Lc kt hp vi k ta c hpt c nghim (x; y) l (2; 1) ; 3;
2
2
Bi 11.

x4 y4 = 240
Gii h phng trnh:
x3 2y3 = 3(x2 4y2 ) 4(x 8y)

htt

Gii
Ly phng trnh 1 tr i phng trnh 2 nhn vi 8 ta c: (x 2)2 = (y 4)4 x = y 2; x = 6 y
Ln lt th vo
phng trnh th nht
ca h ta c
x4 y4 = 240
x = 4
Trng hp 1:

x = y 2
y = 2

x4 y4 = 240
x = 4
Trng hp 2:

x = 6 y
y = 2
Vy (4; 2), (4; 2) l nghim ca h.

Bi 12.
Gii h phng trnh:

.vn

2 (x y) = xy
x2 y2 = 3

Gii

ma
th

"

x = 2y

k: x y. Lc 2 (x y) = xy 2x2 5xy + 2y2 = 0 (x 2y)(2x y) = 0

y = 2x

x = 2
x = 2
Khi x = 2y y = 1
hay
y = 1
y = 1
Khi y = 2x 3x2 = 3 (pt v nghim)
Vy i chiu vi k hpt c mt nghim l (2; 1)
Bi 13.

(x 1)2 + 6(x 1)y + 4y2 = 20

Gii h phng trnh:
x2 + (2y + 1)2 = 2
Gii

ww
.

x2 2x + 1 + 6xy 6y + 4y2 = 20
y = x + 9 (1)
3x 5
h phng trnh

x2 + 4y2 = 1 4y
2
x + 4y2 = 1 4y

2


2x + 18
9
8 2
2
th (1) vo h (2) ta c x +
+1 = 2
. x
= 1 hay x = 1
3x 5
55
3
suy ra x = 1 y = 1
Bi 14.

x2 + 2xy + 2y2 + 3x = 0 (1)

Gii h phng trnh:
xy + y2 + 3y + 1 = 0
(2)

htt

p:/

/w

Gii
Ly (1)+2.(2) ta c :(x + 2y)2 + 3 (x + 2y) + 2 = 0 (x + 2y + 1) (x + 2y + 2) = 0
TH1: x + 2y + 1 = 0 x = 2y 1 thay vo (2)
" ta c

y = 1 + 2 x = 3 2 2
2

y 2y 1 = 0
y = 1 2 x = 3 + 2 2
TH2: x + 2y + 2 = 0 x = 2y 2 thay vo (2) ta c

1 5
y=
x = 3 + 5

2
y2 y 1 = 0

1+ 5
y=
x = 3 5
2
Do hpt cho c 4 nghim
!
!


 


1 5
1+ 5
(x; y) l :
3 2 2; 1 + 2 ; 3 + 2 2; 1 2 ; 3 + 5;
; 3 5;
2
2
Bi 15.

x3 y3 = 3x + 1
Gii h phng trnh:
x2 + 3y2 = 3x + 1
Gii

t = x3 3x 1
h phng trnh
3t + (x2 3x 1)y = 0
ta c D = x2 3x 1,

vi t = y3 .

Dt = (x3 3x 1)(x2 3x 1),

4

Dy = 3(x3 3x 1)

ma
th

.vn

nhn thy nu D = 0 m Dy 6= 0 suy ra pt VN

 3
Dy
Dt
=
Xt D 6= 0 ta c
hay (x2 3x 1)3 = 27(x3 3x 1)
D
D
x = 2 hay 28x5 + 47x4 44x3 151x2 83x 13 = 0 x = 2 hay x 1, 53209
t y suy ra c y
Bi 16.

2x2 + y
(x + y) + x (2x + 1) = 7 2y
Gii h phng trnh:
x (4x + 1) = 7 3y

ww
.

Gii
Cch 1: Th 7 = 4x2 + x + 3y phng trnh (2) vo phng trnh (1) ta c:
(2x2 + y)(x + y)= 2x2 + y y = 2x2 hoc y = 1 x
y = 2x2
v nghim.
Trng hp 1:
x (4x + 1) = 7 3y

1
+
1

17
17

y = 1 x
x =
x =
4
4
Trng hp 2:

hoc
x (4x + 1) = 7 3y

y = 3 17
y = 3 + 17
4

!
4!

1 17 3 + 17
1 + 17 3 17
p s:
;
;
;
l nghim ca h.
4
4
4
4

Cch 2: Phn tch (1) ta c 2x3 + 2x2 y + xy + y2 + 2x2 + x = 7 2y

2x3 + 2x2 (y + 1) + x(y + 1) + (y + 1)2 = 8 2x2 (x + y + 1) + (y + 1)(x + y + 1) = 8

/w

(x + y + 1)(2x2 + y + 1) = 8 (x + y + 1)(4x2 + 2y + 2) = 16

(x + y + 1)(4x2 + 2y + 2) = 16
(x + y + 1) [9 (x + y)] = 16
ta c

suy ra x+y = 1 hay x+y = 7

4x2 = 7 x 3y
4x2 = 7 x 3y


1
Vi x + y = 1 ta tm c x = 1 17 hay y = 1 x
4
Vi x + y = 7 thay vo (2) phng trnh VN
KL
Bi 16.1

x3 + 7y = (x + y)2 + x2 y + 7x + 4 (1)
Gii h phng trnh:
3x2 + y2 + 8y + 4 = 8x
(2)

p:/

Gii
T pt th (2) trong h ta rt 4 = 8x 3x2 y2 8y
Thay vo pt th (1) trong h thu gn ta c (x y)

x2 + 2x 15

x=y

=0 x=3
x = 5

htt

Vi x = y thay vo pt th 2 ta c 4x2 = 4 pt v nghim

"
y = 1
Vi x = 3 thay vo pt th 2 ta c y2 + 8y + 7 = 0
y = 7
2
Vi x = 5 thay vo pt th 2 ta c y + 8y + 119 = 0 pt v nghim
Vy h pt c 2 nghim (x; y) l (3; 1); (3; 7)
Bi 17.

.vn

3
2

x 12z + 48z 64 = 0

y3 12x2 + 48x 64 = 0

z3 12y2 + 48y 64 = 0

Gii h phng trnh:

ma
th

Gii
Cng theo v cc phng trnh ca h ta c: (x 4)3 + (y 4)3 + (z 4)3 = 0 ()
t suy ra trong 3 s hng tng ny phi c t nht 1 s hng khng m,
khng mt tng qut ta gi s (z 4)3 0 z 4
Th th phng trnh th nht ca h tng ng x3 16 = 12(z 2)2 12.22 x 4
Th th phng trnh th hai ca h tng ng y3 16 = 12(x 2)2 12.22 y 4
Do vy t (x 4)3 + (y 4)3 + (z 4)3 = 0 () x = y = z = 4 Th li tha mn.
Vy (4; 4; 4) l nghim ca h.
Bi 18.

x4 + 4x2 + y2 4y = 2
Gii h phng trnh:
x2 y + 2x2 + 6y = 23
Gii

ww
.

t 4y = 2 x4 4x2
h cho tng ng
(x2 + 6)y = 23 2x2

/w

vi t = y2 ta tnh c D = x2 + 6, Dt = x6 10x4 30x2 + 104, Dy = 23 2x2 .

 2
Dy
Dt
=
suy ra (x2 + 6)(x6 10x4 30x2 + 104) = (23 2x2 )2
ta c
D
D
(1 x)(1 + x)(1 + x2 )(x4 + 16x2 + 95) = 0 vy suy ra x = 1 hay x = 1 , t y tm c y
Bi 19.

x2 + xy + y2 = 3
Gii h phng trnh:
x2 + 2xy 7x 5y + 9 = 0

p:/

Gii
Cch 1: Cng theo v 2 phng trnh ca h ta c (2x + y 3)(x + y 2) = 0 T dn n 2 trng
hp:

x2 + xy + y2 = 3
x = 1
x = 2
Trng hp 1:

hoc
y = 3 2x
y = 1
y = 1

x2 + xy + y2 = 3
x = 1
Trng hp 2:

y = 2 x
y = 1
Kt lun: (1; 1),
(2; 1) l nghim ca h.
x = a + 1
a2 + b2 + 3a + 3b + ab = 0
Cch 1: t
h tr thnh
y = b + 1
a2 3a 3b + 2ab = 0

htt

cng (1) v (2) ta c

Bi 20.

2a2 + b2 + 3ab = 0

Gii h phng trnh:

3 x2 + y2 +

(1)
(2)

(2a + b)(a + b) = 0 suy x v y

1
= 2(10 xy)
(x y)2

2x +
=5
xy

Gii

1
= 20
(x y)2

u = x + y

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2(x + y)2 + (x y)2 +

Gii h phng trnh:

ma
th

t
1
v = x y + 1

x + y + x y +
=5
xy
xy

2u2 + v2 2 = 20
v = 5 u
u = 3
u = 1
3
Ta c h sau:

hoc
14
u + v = 5
2u2 + (5 u)2 = 22
v = 2

v =
3

x + y = 3
x = 2
u = 3
x + y = 3

TH 1:

x y = 2
y = 1
v = 2
x y + 1 = 2
x

1
1

u =
x + y =
x + y = 3
x + y = 3

3
3
TH 2:

hoc
14
1
7 + 2 10
7 2 10
14

v =
x y +
x y =
x y =
=
3
3
3

x y 3

x = 4 + 10
x = 4 10
3
3

hoc

y = 3 10
y = 3 + 10
3
3
Bi 21.

a(a + b) = 3

ww
.

b(b + c) = 30

c(c + a) = 12

Gii
Bi 22.

x3 + y3 xy2 = 1
4x4 + y4 4x y = 0

Gii h phng trnh:

/w

Gii
Vi x = 0 y = 1
Vi y = 0 x = 1
Vi x 6= 0; y 6= 0 thay (1) vo (2) ta c:

p:/

4x4 + y4 = (4x + y)(x3 + y3 xy2 ) 3y2 4xy + x2 = 0 3

Vi x = y thay vo (1) ta c x = 1 y = 1
3
1
Vi x = 3y thay vo (1) ta c x =
y=
3
3
25
25

 y 2
x

y
=1
4
+ 1 = 0 xy 1
x
=
x 3
y

htt

3
1
Vy hpt c 4 nghim phn bit (x; y) l (0; 1); (1; 0); (1; 1);
;
3
3
25 25
Bi 23.

x2 y2 = 3
(1)
Gii h phng trnh:
log (x + y) log (x y) = 1 (2)

K:

Gii

x + y > 0
x y > 0

T pt (1) c log3 (x2 y2 ) = 1 log3 (x + y) + log3 (x y) = 1 log3 (x + y) = 1 log3 (x y) ()

7

.vn

Thay () vo pt (2) c
1 log3 (x y) log5
3. log3 (x y) = 1
log3 5) = 0 log3 (x y) = 0 x y = 1
log3 (x y)(1
x2 y2 = 3
x + y = 3
x = 2
Lc ta c hpt mi

x y = 1
x y = 1
y = 1

x = 2
Vy hpt c 1 nghim duy nht
y = 1

ma
th

Bi 24.

log4 (x2 + y2 ) log4 (2x) + 1 = log4 (x + 3y)

 
x
1
2

log4 (xy + 1) log4 (2y + y x + 2) = log4

y
2

Gii h phng trnh:

Gii

ww
.

2
2

(x + y )2 = x + 3y
(1)
x
h phng trnh
x
xy + 1

=
(2)
2
2y + y" x + 2 2y
x = y (3)
(1) x2 3xy + 2y2 = 0
x = 2y (4)
(2), (3) x, y R > 0
(2), (4) x = 2, y = 1
Bi 25.

x2 (y + 1) = 6y 2(1)
Gii h phng trnh:
x4 y2 + 2x2 y2 + y(x2 + 1) = 12y2 1(2)
Gii

9y + 1
4y 4 2
;x +3 =
y+1
y+1
Thay (1) vo (2), ta c: x4 y2 + x2 y2 + y + 6y2 2y = 12y2 1
(x2 2)(x2 + 3)y2 y + 1 = 0

"
2
y
=
1

x
=

2
y
=
1
4(y 1)(9y + 1)y

=
y

1
(y + 1)2
4(9y + 1)y2 = (y + 1)2
y= x=0
3
Bi 26.

x3 y3 + 3y2 3x = 2(1)
Gii h phng trnh:
p

x2 + 1 x2 3 2y y2 = 2(2)

p:/

Gii

/w

D thy y 6= 0 v y 6= 1. T (1) x2 y(y + 1) = 6y2 2y, v x2 2 =

1 x2 0
Cch 1: k:
2y y2 0

1 x 1

0 y 2

t t = x + 1,
0 t 2.Lc hpt cho tr thnh:
t 3 3t 2 + 2 = y3 3y2 + 2
t 3 3t 2 = y3 3y2

p
p

x2 + 1 x2 3 2y y2 = 2
x2 + 1 x2 3 2y y2 = 2

htt

"
a=0
Xt hm s f (a) = a3 3a2 , 0 a 2. C f 0 (a) = 3a2 6a; f 0 (a) = 0 3a2 6a = 0
a=2
3
2
Lp BBT ta c f (a) = a 3a nghch bin vi 0 a 2 Vy f (t) = f (y) t = y x + 1 = y

2 = 2 1 x2 + 2 1 x2 3 = 0
Thay x + 1 = y vo pt (2) c x2 2 1
x
"

1 x2 = 1
( 1 x2 1)( 1 x2 + 3) = 0
x=0y=1
1 x2 = 3
8

ma
th

Phng trnh (1) ca h ny tng ng x + z = 0 hoc x2 + xz + z2 = 3

Th th xy ra 2trng hp:

z = x
x = 0
x = 0
Trng hp 1:

x2 + 1 x2 3 1 z2 = 2
z = 0
y = 1

x2 + xz + z2 = 3
Trng hp 2:

x2 + 1 x2 3 1 z2 = 2

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Vy hpt c 1 nghim (x; y) duy nht l(0; 1)

Cch 2: S xut hin ca 2 cn thc
pt (2) mch bo ta t z = 1 y khi h tr thnh
x3 3x + z3 3z = 0

x2 + 1 x2 3 1 z2 = 2

ww
.

Phng trnh u ca h ny kt hp vi iu kin ca x v z dn n x = z = 1; x = z = 1,

c 2 kh nng ny u khng tha mn phng trnh th 2, nn trng hp ny v nghim.
Kt lun: (0; 1) l nghim ca h.
Bi 27.

x2 y2 y = 0
Gii h phng trnh:
x2 + xy + x = 1
Gii
Bi 28.

9y3 (3x3 1) = 125

45x2 y + 75x = 6y2

Gii h phng trnh:

htt

p:/

/w

Gii
Vi y = 0 h pt v nghim. Vi y 6= 0 chia 2 v pt (1) v pt (2) ln lt cho y3 6= 0; y2 6= 0 ta c hpt

125

3 + 125 = 9

27x

27x3 + 3 = 9
y3
y

()
2
5
5
x
x

3x.
(3x
+
)
=
6
45 + 75 2 = 6
y
y
y
y
5
t u = 3x; v = , v 6= 0
y

u3 + v3 = 9
(u + v)3 3uv(u + v) = 9
(u + v)3 = 27
Lc : ()

uv(u + v) = 6n
uv(u + v) = 6
uv(u + v) = 6

u = 2
u + v = 3
u = 1

hay

v = 1
uv = 2
v = 2

u = 1
3x = 1
x = 1
3
Vi
5

5
v = 2
=2

y =
y
2

u = 2
3x = 2
x = 2
3
Vi
5

v = 1
=1
y = 5
y

 

1 5
2
Vy hpt cho c 2 nghim (x; y) l
;
;
;5
3 2
3
Bi 29.

Gii h phng trnh:

Gii

0 x 32
k:
y 4

. Ly (1) + (2) v theo v ta c

.vn

4
x +
32 x y2 + 3 = 0
(1)

4 x + 32 x + 6y 24 = 0 (2)

x + 32 x + 4 x + 4 32 x = y2 6y + 21 ()

ma
th

C y2 + 6y + 21 = (y 3)2 + 12 12
q
p

4
4
Li c x + 32 x (1 + 1)(x + 32 x) = 8 x + 32 x (1 + 1)( x + 32 x) = 4

+ 4 x + 4 32 x 12
Vy x + 32 x

x
=
32 x

x = 16

Do () nn c hpt 4 x = 4 32 x
y = 3

y 3 = 0
Vy h pt c mt nghim duy nht (x; y) l (16; 3)
Bi 30.

x + y + 1 + 1 = 4(x + y)2 + 3x + 3y
(1)
Gii h phng trnh:
12x(2x2 + 3y + 7xy) = 1 12y2 (3 + 5x) (2)

/w

ww
.

Gii

t x+ y + 1 = a 0; 3x + 3y
=b0

3a2 b2 = 3
3a2 b2 = 3
3a2 b2 = 3
(1)

9a + 9 = 4b4 + 9
9a + 3a2 b2
2 = 4b4 + 9b
9a 9b + 9a4 6a2 b2 3b4 = 0

3a2 b2 = 3
3a2 b2 = 3

(a b) 9a3 + 9a2 b + 3ab2 + 3b3 = 0

a = b

6
2x + 2y = 1. 2x = 1 2y
b=
2 


7 1
5 4
;
,
;
Thay vo (2) ta c : (x, y) =
6 3
10 6
Bi 31.

x3 y (1 + y) + x2 y2 (y + 2) + xy3 = 30
Gii h phng trnh:
x2 y + x 1 + y + y2
+ y 11 = 0

Bi 32.

p:/

Gii

Gii h phng trnh:



1
1

x(1 + x) +
+1 = 4
y y
Gii h

x3 y3 + y2 x2 + xy + 1 = 4y3

(1)
(2)

htt

Gii



1
1
1
1
2
(2) x +
x + 2 = 4 T (1), (2) x + v x2 + 2 l nghim ca pt
y
y
y
y

1
1

x+ = 2
x + = 2
y
2
y
A 4A + 4 = 0

x=y=1
x
1

2
x + = 2

=1
y
y2
Bi 33.

10

Gii h phng trnh:

Gii
Bi 34.
Gii h phng trnh:

ma
th




12

x = 2 (1)
1
y + 3x 

12

y = 6 (2)
1+
y + 3x

.vn

2 + 6y + x 2y = x
y

p
x + x 2y = x + 3y 2

Gii
Cch 1: k: x > 0; y > 0

Bi 35.
Gii h phng trnh:

/w

ww
.

2
6

+ = 2
x
y
T ly (1) + (2); (2) (1) ta c hpt
24
6
2

y + 3x
y
x
12
9 1

= 12xy = (y + 3x)(9 y)
y + 3x y x
y2 + 6xy 27x2 = 0 (y + 9x)(y 3x) = 0 y = 3x do x > 0, y > 0

Thay y = 3x vo pt (1) ta c: x 2 x 2 = 0 x = 1 + 3 x = 4 + 2 3 y = 3(4 + 2 3)

Vy hpt c 1 nghim (x; y) l (4 + 2 3; 3(4 + 2 3))

Cch 2:k: x > 0; y > 0 Nhn pt (1) vi 3 v nhn pt (2) vi h s o i ri cng 2 v ta c:

12

( 3x yi) = 2 3 + 6i
3x + yi
y + 3x

12

t z = 3x + yi th z
= 2 3 + 6i z2 (2 3 + 6i)z 12 = 0
z

z = 3 + 3 + (3 + 3i) (tha
mn)
hoc
z
=
(
3

3)
+
(3

3i)(loi
v
3x < 0)

3x = 3 + 3
x = 4+2 3
Vi z = 3 + 3 + (3 + 3i

y = 3 + 3
y = 12 + 6 3

2y x2 y2
= 3x
x x2 + y2
= 10y

htt

p:/

Gii
Nhn cho ta c:




3x2 x2 + y2 = 20y2 x2 y2 3x4 17x2 y2 + 20y4 = 0 !
3x2 = 5y2 or x2 = 4y2
r
r
3
27
Thay vo ta c cc nghim (x;y)= (0; 0) , 4 ; 4
; (1; 2)
5
125
Bi 36.

2x + 3y + 2 3y = x + 2 (1)
Gii h phng trnh:
y 1 4 x + 8 x2 = 0 (2)
Gii
p

(1) 2 x + 3y + 2 = x + 2 + 3 y 4(x + 3y + 2) = x + 2 + 9y + 6 y(x + 2)

( x + 2 y)2 = 0 y = x + 2

x3
x3
Thay vo (2), ta c: x + 1 4 x + 8 x2 = 0
+
+ (3 x)(3 + x) = 0
4x+1
x+1+2
x=3y=5

11

.vn

1
1

Ta cn cm pt
+
= x + 3() v nghim trn on [1, 4]
x+1+2 1+ 4x
1
1
1
1
3
1

Ta c:

1
+
< m x + 3 2 () v nghim
x+1+2 2 4x+1
x+1+2 1+ 4x 2
Bi 37.

p
(x + 1 + x2 )(y + 1 + y2 ) = 1 (1)
Gii h phng trnh:
x6x 2xy + 1 = 4xy + 6x + 1
(2)

Cch 1:Xt f (t) = t + t 2 + 1,

|t| t
t2 + 1 + t
=
>
0
f 0 (t) = 1 +
t2 + 1
t2 + 1
t2 + 1
t

ma
th

Gii

Gii

/w

ww
.

Do f (t) ng bin trn R

p

(1) x + x2 + 1 = y + 1 + y2 f (x) = f (y) x = y

"

2x2 + 6x + 1 = 3x
x
25
(2) x 6x + 2x2 + 1 = 4x2 + 6x + 1 ( 2x2 + 6x + 1 )2 = x2 2
2
4
2x + 6x + 1 = 2x

7x2 6x 1 = 0
2x2 + 6x + 1 = 9x2

x = 1 y = 1
Vi 2x2 + 6x + 1 = 3x
x 0
x 0

2x2 6x 1 = 0
2
2

2x + 6x + 1 = 4x
3 11
3 + 11
2

x=
y=
Vi 2x + 6x + 1 = 2x
x 0
x 0
2
2
p

Cch 2:Bin i phng trnh th nht ca h thnh: x + 1 + x2 = y + 1 + y2

(1)

R rng (1) khin ta ngh n hm s f (t) = t + t 2 + 1, hm ny ng bin trn R

nn (1) tng ng x = y th vo phng trnh th hai ca h ta c:

x 6x + 2x2 + 1 = 4x2 + 6x + 1
(2) C mtcch hay gii (2) bng n ph, nhng n gin, ta
3 11
ly tha 2 v ta tm c nghim x = 1; x =
2

3 11 3 11
Kt lun: (1; 1); (
;
) l nghim ca h.
2
2
Bi 38.

2x3 4x2 + 3x 1 = 2x3 (2 y)3 2y

Gii h phng trnh:
p
x + 2 = 3 14 x3 2y + 1

2x3 4x2 + 3x 1 = 2x3 (2 y) 3 2y


 
 q

1 3
1
+ 1
= (3 2y)3 + 3 2y
1
x
x

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p:/




1
3 2y = 1
(Do hm s f (t) = t 3 + t ng bin trn R)
x

Thay vo phng trnh th hai ta c:

x + 2 3 3 15 x 2 = 0
x7
x7
111

+q
=
0

x
=
7

y
=

98
3
x+2+3
(15 x)2 + 2 3 15 x + 4
Bi 39.

x2 + 2xy 2x y = 0
Gii h phng trnh:
x4 4(x + y 1)x2 + y2 + 2xy = 0

Gii
T pt (2) ta c x4 4x3 4yx2 + 4x2 + y2 + 2xy = 0
(x4 4x3 + 4x2 ) 4(x2 2x)y + 4y2 3y2 6xy = 0 (x2 2x 2y)2 = 3y2 + 6xy

12

ma
th

.vn

x2 + 2xy 2x y = 0
y = x2 + 2xy 2x
(3)
Lc hpt cho tr thnh:

(x2 2x 2y)2 = 3y2 + 6xy

y2 (1 + 2x)2 = 3y(y + 2x) (4)
"
y=0
T (4) c 2y(2xy + 2x2 3x y) = 0
2xy + 2x2 3x y = 0
"
x=0
+ Vi y= 0 t (3) c x2 2x = 0
x=2

x=0y=0
+Vi 2xy+2x2 3xy = 0 y = 2xy+2x2 y3x thay vo (3) c x(2xyx1) = 0
x+1
(x 6= 0)
y=
2x
x+1
Thay y =
(x 6= 0) vo pt (3) ta c (x 1)(2x2 + 1) = 0 x = 1 y = 1
2x
Vy hpt cho c 3 nghim (x; y) l (0; 0), (2; 0), (1; 1)
Bi 40.

x2 + y2 + 2y = 4
Gii h phng trnh:
(x2 + xy)(y + 1) + x = 6
Gii
Bi 41.

htt

p:/

/w

ww
.

3y m x2 + 1 = 1
Tm m h c nghim duy nht:
1

= m2
x + y +
2
1+ x +1
Gii

y + x2 + 1 = m2
H pt cho tr thnh
(I)

3y m x2 + 1 = 1
* iu kin cn:
gi s hpt c nghim (x0 ; y0 ) th (x0 ; y0 ) cng l nghim ca h
nn hpt c nghim
duy nht x0 = x0 x0 = 0
y = m2 1
4
Lc h (I)
3m2 m 4 = 0 m = 1 m =
3y = 1 + m
3
*iu kin :

y + x2 + 1 = 1
x = 0
+ Vi m= -1 ta c (I)

Vy m= -1 (nhn)

3y + x2 + 1 = 1
y = 0

16

x = 0
y+ x +1 =
4
4
9
+ Vi m = ta c (I)

Vy m = (nhn)

7
4

3
3
y=
3y
x2 + 1 = 1
9
3
4
Do m = 1; m = l cc gi tr cn tm.
3
Bi 42.

x2 y2 2x + y 1 = 0
Gii h phng trnh:
2x2 + y2 4x 5 = 0
Gii

Bi 43.

13

.vn

xy + x 7y = 1
(1)
Gii h:
x2 y2 + xy 13y2 = 1 (2)

ma
th

Gii
T pt (1) xy + 1 = 7y x th xung pt (2)
pt (2) (xy + 1)2 xy 13y2 = 0 (7y x)2 xy 13y2 = 0 x2 15xy + 36y2 = 0
(x 3y)(x 12y) = 0 x = 3y Hoc x = 12y
Ti l ra ri :D
Bi 44.
(2011x + 3) (ln(x 2) ln 2011x) = (2011y + 3) (ln(y 2) ln 2011y) (1)
Gii h:
(x; y Z)
2y6 + 55y2 + 58x 2 = 2011
(2)

/w

Gii

ww
.

Gii
iu kin: x, y > 2, khi t (1), ta xt hm s: f (t) = (2011t + 3)(ln(t 2) ln 2011t) t > 2,
d thy f (t) n iu trn tp xc nh ca n nn : f (x) = f (y) x = y,
Thay vo (2), ta c phng trnh:

2x6 + 55x2 + 58 x 2 = 2011 2x6 + 55x2 1953 + 58 x 2 1 = 0

x3
(x 3)(x + 3)(x4 + 18x2 + 217) + 58
=0
x2+1 

58
(x 3) (x + 3)(2x4 + 18x2 + 217) +
=0
x2+1
58
>0 x>2
x = 3, v: (x + 3)(2x4 + 18x2 + 217) +
x2+1
Kt lun: H phng trnh cho c nghim l:(3; 3)
Bi 45.
8x6 1 xy = y 3x4 (1)
2
Gii h:
x3 4x2 y = y
(2)
8x6 + 3x2
x+2
x3
T phng trnh th hai rt ra: y = 2
4x + 1
8x6 + 3x2
x3
T dn n:
= 2
x3 (64x6 + 16x4 + 23x2 2x + 6) = 0 x = 0 y = 0.
x+2
4x + 1
p s: (0; 0)
Bi 46.
x2 + xy + 2x + 2y 16 = 0 (1)
Gii h:
(x + y)(4 + xy) = 32
(2)
Gii

p:/

T phng trnh th nht rt ra: y =

htt

(x + y)(x + 2) = 16
H pt cho
(x + y)(4 + xy) = 32

(10 )
(20 )

* Vi x = y t pt(1) c x2 + 2x 8 = 0

"

x=2
x = 4

hpt cho tha

hpt cho khng tha

* Vi x = y hpt khng tha.

"
x=0 y=8
(10 )
x+2
1
= x(2 y) = 0
* Vi x 6= y ly 0
(2 )
4 + xy 2
y = 2 x = 2 hay x = 6
14

Gii

ma
th

7y + 1
T phng trnh th nht ca h rt x theo y ta c: x =
y1

2
7y + 1
Th vo phng trnh th hai ca h ta c:
.y2 = 10y2 1
y

y = 1 x = 3
39y4 + 34y3 8y2 2y + 1 = 0
1
y= x=1
3


1
p s: (3; 1), 1;
l nghim ca h.
3
Bi 48.
x3 (3y + 55) = 64
Gii h:
xy(y2 + 3y + 3) = 12 + 51x

.vn

Vy hpt c 3 nghim phn bit (x; y) l (2; 2), (0; 8), (6; 2)
Bi 47.
xy = x + 7y + 1
Gii h:
x2 y2 = 10y2 1

Gii

3y + 55 = t 3
y3 + 3y2 + 3y = 3t + 51

ww
.

D thy x = 0 khng tha mn h. Vit li h di dng:

4
Cng v vi v ca h ta c:
x
(y + 1)3 + 3 (y + 1) + 51 = t 3 + 3t + 51 y + 1 = t ( do f (t) = t 3 + 3t + 51 ng bin trn R)


t c: t 3 3 (y (1) 55 = 0 (t 4) t 2 + 4t + 13 = 0 t = 4
x=1
Vy h c nghim
y=3
Bi 49.

log (2x + 1) log (x y) = 4x2 + 4x + 2 p(x y)2 + 1 3x2 + y2 4x 2xy 1

3
3
Gii h phng trnh:

log (2x) + 4x2 4x2 + 1 = 1 2

/w

vi t =

htt

p:/

Gii
Vit phng trnh th nht ca h thnh:
p
p
(2x + 1)2 + 1 (2x + 1)2 log3 (2x + 1) = (x y)2 + 1 (x y)2 log3 (x y) ()
p
Xt hm s: f (t) = (t)2 + 1 (t)2 log3 (t) vi t > 0

t
1
1
C: f 0 (t) = p
(2t + ) 2 2 0 nn f nghch bin Th th () 2x + 1 = x y (1)
t
2
(t)2 + 1

Vi phng trnh th hai, xt hm: f (x) = log3 (2x) + 4x2 4x2 + 1 vi x > 0
1
1
C: f 0 (x) = 4x(2
) + > 0 nn f ng bin
x
4x2 + 1
 

1
1
Th m f
= 1 2 nn x = tha mn phng trnh th hai.
2
2

3
1 3
Kt hp vi (1) cho ta y = Vy
;
l nghim ca h.
2
2 2
Bi 50.
4
2
2
4

x + y ( x + y ) + x + y = 2 (1)
y2 x2
y x
Gii h: y4 x4

x2 + y6 8x + 6 = 0
(2)

15

ww
.

ma
th

.vn

Gii
K: x 6= 0; y 6= 0
x y
x2 y2
x2 y2
Vi pt(1): t + = t t 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 = t 2 2
y x
y
x
y
x
2
 2
2
4
4
y
x
y
x
Mt khc : 2 + 2
= (t 2 2)2 4 + 4 + 2 = t 4 4t 2 + 4
y
x
y
x
4
4
x
y
T : 4 + 4 = t 4 4t 2 + 2
y
x
x2 y2
Theo AM_GM c 2 + 2 2 t 2 4 |t| 2
y
x
Ta c v tri ca pt (1) g(t) = t 4 5t 2 + t + 4, |t| 2 C g0 (t) = 2t(2t 2 5) + 1
Nhn xt:
+ t 2 2t(2t 2 5) 4(8 5) > 0 g0 (t) > 0
+ t 2 2t 4; 2t 2 5 3 2t(2t 2 5) 12 2t(2t 2 5) 12 g0 (t) < 0
Lp BBT c gi tr nh nht ca g(t) =-2 t c ti t = 2
x y
Vy t pt(1) c + = 2 ()
y x
x
y 1
t u = = , u 6= 0
y
x u
1
Lc pt () u + = 2 (u + 1)2 = 0 u = 1 x = y
u
Thay x = y vo pt(2) c :x6 + x2 8x + 6 = 0 (x 1)2 (x4 + 2x3 + 3x2 + 4x + 6) = 0


(x 1)2 x2 (x + 1)2 + 2(x + 1)2 + 4 = 0 x 1 = 0 x = 1 y = 1
Vy hpt c duy nht 1 nghim (x; y) l (1; 1)
Bi 51.

(2x2 1)(2y2 1) = 7 xy
2
Gii h phng trnh:
x2 + y2 + xy 7x 6y + 14 = 0

htt

p:/

/w

Gii
D thy xy = 0 khng tha mn h.



1
7
2x 1
2y
=
x
y
2
Vi: xy 6= 0 vit li h di dng:
2
2
x + y + xy 7x 6y + 14 = 0
2
2
K phng trnh x + y + xy 7x 6y + 14 = 0 ( n x) c nghim l:
7
1 = (y 7)2 4y2 + 24y 56 0 y 1;
3
2
2
K phng trnh x + y + xy 7x 6y + 14 =0 ( n y) c nghim l:
10
2 = (x 6)2 4x2 + 28x 56 0 x 2;
3
1
Xt hm s f (t) = 2t ng bin trn (0; +)
t
7
Nn: f (x) . f (y) f (2) . f (1) =
2
(
x=2
Kt hp vi phng trnh th nht ta c
l nghim ca h
y=1
Bi 52.

x4 + 2y3 x = 1 + 3 3 (1)
4
Gii h phng trnh:

4
3
y + 2x y = 3 3 (2)
4

16

.vn

Gii

ma
th

1
Ly (1)+(2), ta c: x4 + 2x3 x + y4 + 2y3 y =
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
(x + x) (x + x) + + (y + y) (y + y) + = 0
4
4
1 2
1 2
2
2
(x + x ) + (y + y ) = 0
2
2

x =
2

3
1
+
y =
2
Bi 53.
thi th ln 2 chuyn L Qu n_ Bnh inh

log (3x + 1) log y = 3 (1)

4
2
Gii h phng trnh:
2
2 x 4y + 3log9 4 = 10
(2)
Gii

1
x > , y > 0, x2 4y 0
3

T pt(1) c: log2 (3x + 1) = 3 + log2 y 3x + 1 = 4 4y ()

p
2
2
T pt(2) c: 2 x 4y + 2 = 10 2 x 4y = 8 x2 4y = 3 4y = x2 9 ()

19
Thay () vo () ta c: 3 x2 9 = 16(x2 9) 7x2 6x 145 = 0 x = 5 x =
7
Vi x = 5 y = 4. Vy h pt c 1 nghim (x; y) l (5; 4)
Bi 54.

1 + y = 2 x + 2(1)
x x
y
Gii h:
p

y( x2 + 1 1) = 3(x2 + 1)(2)

(loi)

ww
.

k:

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p:/

/w

Gii
"

x = y()
y + x 2(y + x)
=

(1)
x
y
y = 2x()
Vi (), ta d thy y < 0 , tc l VT ca (2) < 0, trong khi VP li ln hn 0 nn loi!
p

2 x2 + 1 3(x2 + 1) = 0 ( K: x > 0 )
Vi (), ta c: 2x( x2 + 1 1) = 3(x2 + 1) 4x4 8x

p
7p 2
2
2 +1 =
x

x
x + 1(i)

7
2

4(x2 x2 + 1)2 = (x2 + 1)

p
4
7p 2
x2 x2 + 1 =
x + 1(ii)
2

11
7
11
D thy (ii) v nghim bi v
+ 1 < 0 Cn (i) x4 ( + 7)x2 ( + 7) = 0
2
4
4
11
t =
+ 7
s4
p
+ ()2 + 4
x=
2
Bi 55.
22x + 3y + 5 x y = 7
Gii h:
35 x y 2x + y 3 = 1
Gii

Bi 56.

Bi h hay!

17

.vn

6x2 + y2 5xy 7x + 3y + 2 = 0 (1)

Gii h: x y

= ln(x + 2) ln(y + 2)
(2)
3
Gii
k: x > 2; y > 2

"

T pt (2) c x 3 ln(x + 2) = y 3 ln(y + 2)

y = 3x 2

y = 2x 1

ma
th

T pt (1) c :y2 + (3 5x)y + 6x2 7x + 2 = 0 (y 3x + 2)(y 2x + 1) = 0

Xt hm s y = f (t) = t 3ln(t + 2),t > 2 C f 0 (t) =

t 1
t +2

ww
.

T f 0 (t) = 0 t 1 = 0 t = 1
Lp BBT ta nhn c nhn xt hm s y = f (t) nghch bin trn (2; 1) v ng bin trn (1; +)
T ta i n cc nhn xt sau:
+ Vi x = 1 y = 1 kim tra ta thy x; y tha h
+ Vi x, y (2; +), (x 6= 1) f (y) > f (x)
Tht vy: v y = 3x 2 y = 2x 1 y x = 2(x 1) y x = x 1
Nhn thy
+ x > 1 y > x f (y) > f (x) do hm s ng bin trn khong (1; +)
+x < 1 y < x f (y) > f (x) do hm s nghch bin trn khong (2; 1)
Do h pt cho c 1 nghim (x; y) duy nht l (1; 1).
Bi 57.
Trch hc sinh gii Tha Thin Hu 2008 - 2009 khi chuyn.
2x + 4y = 32
Gii h:
xy = 8

/w

Gii
Ta c x; y phi l s dng. V nu x;
y m th 2x + 4y < 2 < 32

Khi ta c: 2x + 4y 2 2x+2y 2 22 2xy = 32

Du = xy ra khi x = 2y. Khi x = 4 v y = 2
Bi 58.
Trch hc sinh gii H Tnh 2008 - 2009
4 1
4 16
y
x

=
8x
y
Gii h:

x2 2xy + y2 = 8

htt

p:/

Gii
iu kin x 6= 0, y 6= 0
x
Phng trnh th nht ca h c dng f
= f (y) (1)
2
4
t 1
1
Vi f (t) =
,t 6= 0. Ta c f 0 (t) = 3t 2 + 2 > 0
t
t
Suy ra hm s f ng bin trn cc khong (; 0) , (0; +)
? Trn (; 0)

x
(1) = y, thay vo phng trnh th hai ca h thu c: y2 = 8 y = 2 2 x = 4 2
2
? Trn (0; +)

x
(1) = y, thay vo phng trnh th hai ca h thu c: y2 = 8 y = 2 2 x = 4 2
2
  

Vy h c cc nghim (x; y) l 2 2; 4 2 , 2 2; 4 2
Bi 59.

Trch hc sinh gii Cn Th 2008 - 2009 vng 1

18

.vn

y2 xy + 1 = 0
Gii h:
x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y + 1 = 0

ma
th

Gii
Thay y2 + 1 = xy vo phng trnh di ta c: x2 + xy + 2(x + y) = 0 (x + 2)(x + y) = 0
Nu x = 2 th y = 1
1
Nu x = y th y =
2
Bi 60.
Trch hc sinh gii Qung Bnh 2008 - 2009 vng 2
x2 + 2x + 22 y = y2 + 2y + 1
Gii h: p
y2 + 2y + 22 x = x2 + 2x + 1

htt

p:/

/w

ww
.

Gii
iu kin x 0, y 0, x = 0 hoc y = 0 u khng tha h nnx > 0, y > 0.
Tr hai phng trnh ca h theo v ta c
p

x2 + 2x + 22 + x + x2 + 2x + 1 = y2 + 2y + 22 + y + y2 + 2y + 1

Phng trnh ny c dng f (x) = f (y) vi f (t) = t 2 + 2t + 22 + t + t 2 + 2t + 1

t +1
1
Ta c f 0 (t) =
+ + 2t + 2 > 0
t 2 + 2t + 22 2 t
Suy ra f l hm ng bin f (x) = f (y) x = y

Thay vo PT th nht ta c x2 + 2x + 1 x2 + 2x + 22 + x = 0

Phng trnh ny c dng g (x) = g (1) vi g (x) = x2 + 2x + 1 x2 + 2x + 22 + x = 0,

1
x+1
x+1
g0 (x) = 2x + 2 +
> 2
>0
2 x
x2 + 2x + 22
x2 + 2x + 22
|x + 1|
x2 + 2x + 1
x+1
(V

=
< 1) g l hm ng bin nn g (x) = g (1) x = 1
x2 + 2x + 22
x2 + 2x + 22
x2 + 2x + 22
Vy phng trnh c nghim l (x; y) = (1; 1)

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