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KHOA IN T -TRNG H CNG NGHIP HN

Li m u
in t cng sut l mt b phn quan trng ca nghnh in t. N ng vai tr rt ln trong vic nghin cu ch to ra nhng thit b in t phc v cho con ngi trong cuc sng. tm hiu mt phm tr nh ca mn in t cng sut chng em xin phn tch mt ng dng rt thng dng l ti: Thit k mch nghch lu mt pha Bi bo co ca chng em gm nhng phn sau: Phn 1: C s l thuyt Phn 2:Gii thiu v cc linh kin s dng trong mch Phn 3:S nguyn l v phn tch mch in Phn 4: S mch in v mch thc t Do thi gian thc hin mch gp rt , iu kin thi cng mch thiu thn nn ti ca chng em khng trnh khi nhng thiu st ,chng em mong c s gp ca thy hon thin mch in sm ng dng vo thc t cuc sng hng ngy ... Chng em xin trn thnh cm n ! H Ni ngy thng nm 2011 Nhm sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Vn Huy

Mch nghch lu mt pha

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KHOA IN T -TRNG H CNG NGHIP HN

Phn I C s l thuyt
Nh chng ta bit vic to ra dng in l bc tin v i trong lch s loi ngi . sn xut ra dng in xoay chiu c rt nhiu phng php nh thy in,nhit in .Nhn chung cc phng php trn p dng cho sn xut in cng nghip , cn vi cc h gia nh khi ngun in cng nghip b ct phng php ch yu c s dng y l nghch lu dng in mt chiu thnh xoay chiu. Da trn phng php nhm chng em a ra s nguyn l to in p xoay chiu t dng mt chiu.

I,Khi ngun
Ngun in c s dng y l ngun in mt chiu ly t bnh c quy .Thi gian s dng ph thuc ch yu vo dung lng lu tr ca c quy .Cng thc tnh cng sut pht ca acquy nh sau: P=u.i v d: acquy 12v 100Ah th cng sut pht :12.100=1200w Nu chy bng n compac 20w s c 60 gi . Mch nghch lu mt pha
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KHOA IN T -TRNG H CNG NGHIP HN

II, Khi to tn s 50Hz


Nhim v ca khi to ra sng giao ng a vo khi cng sut vi tn s in cng nghip. Sng y thng l hai dng chnh l hnh sin hoc vung .Thng th khi cng sut tr khng u vo rt nh nn trn thc t chng ta cn mt khi khuych i m nhim v n nh khi pht xung giao ng gim tr khng u vo cho tng cng sut.

III,Khi cng sut


T dng sng nhn c t khi pht khi cng sut s khuych i a n bin p to in p xoay chiu. Thng th khi ny s dng cc linh kin cng sut nh thysistor transistor chu dng ln nh D718,2N3055....yu cu cho khi ny hot ng tt cn c h thng tn nhit lm mt.

IV,Bin p nghch lu
Bin p cho mch nghch lu rt quan trng n quyt nh rt ln n cng sut ca ton mch . lm sng r vn ny bi hm nay mnh s a ra cc thng s cch tnh ton lm bin p cho mch nghch lu 500W . li ca my bin p , ci ny rt quan trng Thit din c ch S ca li thp, tnh bng cm2: bng thit din vt l (di * rng) nhn vi h s ghp. S=a*b*kg Kg t 0,85 n 0,95, ty cht lng li thp v ty tay ngh ca bn. Mi lm ln u th tnh thp mt cht cho an ton. Thit din ny dng lm c s tnh cho cc bc sau. Cng sut my bin p : S=1,2 P (cn) suy ra P=S^2/1.44 (S bnh chia 1,44) vy cng sut tm 500W tr ln th li s l S=1,2 x sprt(500)=26,83(cm2) chiu di , chiu rng ca li s l , 3,5 cm v 7,7 cm Dng cun s cp : I=P/Us (U s cp)

y mch 500W dng in chy qua cun s cp s l : 500/12 =41A Thit din dy s cp: Asc = 2,5/I1 (2,5 l mt dng in). ng knh dy s cp: Asc= dsc^2/4. (n nhn d s cp bnh phng chia 4) dsc= (4Asc/) (=3,14) vi mch 500W ca chng ta th : thit din Asc = 2,5/41=0,061 ng knh ca dy l: sprt((4 x 0,061)/3,14)= 0,279 cm y chng ta chn dy 3mm hay 3 li t mi quan h gia cc i lng I , U v N ta c : suy ra I bn th cp l: (12x 41) /220 = 2,24 A Thit din dy th cp: atc = 2,5/I2 ng knh dy th cp: Atc= dtc^2/4. dtc= (4Atc/) suy ra d=0.8(mm) S vng cn qun cho cun s cp N s = (K x U s) /S +sai s S vng bn th cp: N th = (K x U th) /S +sai s vi K l h s bin p thng ly trong khong 38 n 45 nu l bin p ca nht th chn 38 ring hng vit nam , trung quc th nn dng 45 lu mch nghch lu c s st p trn tran nn in p vo s cp k c 12 V chng ta qun phn s mi bn 11 V l ok . Vy y : bn s cp s vng l : 45/26.83 x 11+ sai s =20( vng) bn th cp l : 45/26.83 x220= 370 vng tng hp phn tnh ton trn th cn bin p 500W ta cn cc thng s sau : chiu di li 7,7cm rng 3,5 cm s cp qun 2 cun mi cun 20 vng dy 3mm th cp qun 370 vng dy 0,8mm trn l nhng tnh ton trn l thuyt , thc t th ty tng vt liu sn xut li , dy qun , s c sai s nht nh

Mc h ngh ch lu mt

pha

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KHOA IN T -TRNG H CNG NGHIP HN

Phn II Cc linh kin s dng trong mch


1, IC CD4047
Chc nng: to sng vung hai na chu k. S chn:

y l ic gm 14 chn ng gi dng dip 100T. in p hot ng trong khong t 3 n 15 V. Chng ta cn quan tm ti chc nng ca cc chn sau: Chn 1 u vo t C Chn 2 u vo in tr R Chn 3 u vo R-C to dao ng vi tn s nh sn Chn 10 u ra xung vung bn chu k dng Chn 11 u ra xung vung bn chu k m Chn 7 cp ngun m Chn 14 cp ngun dng Tn s ca xung vung ra c tnh theo cng thc: T = 2.48RC S khi bn trong IC:

Mch nghch lu mt pha

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KHOA IN T -TRNG H CNG NGHIP HN

Hnh dng thc t:

2; IC LM358
L Ic khuych i thut ton thng dng gm hai b khuych i thut ton ring bit.

S chn: Mch nghch lu mt pha


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KHOA IN T -TRNG H CNG NGHIP HN

L IC 8 chn ng gi dng DIP 100T in p hot ng :+-1,5V+-16V Chn 1 u ra b khuych i thut ton A Chn 2 u vo o b khuych i A Chn 3 u vo khng o b khuych i A Chn 4 cp ngun m Chn 5 u vo khng o b khuych i B Chn 6 u vo o b khuych i B Chn 7 u ra b khuych i thut ton B Chn 8 cp ngun dng Hnh dng thc t:

Mch nghch lu mt pha

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KHOA IN T -TRNG H CNG NGHIP HN

3,Transistor H1061
L transistor cng sut h BJT-NPN,kiu ng v TO220 dng chu c 3A ,in p 50V, cng sut ti a 25W. Bng thng s , iu kin hot ng ca H1061:

S chn:

Trong cc collector c ni vi v tn nhit.

Mch nghch lu mt pha

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KHOA IN T -TRNG H CNG NGHIP HN Hnh dng thc t:

4, Transistor D718
L dng transistor h BJT-NPN cng sut rt ln dng chu ng 8A ,in p 120V , cng sut 80W. Bng thng s, iu kin hot ng :

S chn:

Mch nghch lu mt pha

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KHOA IN T -TRNG H CNG NGHIP HN

Hnh dng thc t:

Phn III S nguyn l ,phn tch mch in


Do c th ca ti ch yu i su vo tm hiu nguyn l hot ng ca mch nghch lu trn c s l thuyt c hc v tham kho mt s mch trn mng internet nhm chng em thng nht thit k mch in mc n gin, d hiu cng sut ra trung bnh . Di y l hnh v s nguyn l: Mch nghch lu mt pha
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KHOA IN T -TRNG H CNG NGHIP HN

phn tch mch in: u tin IC 4047 pht ra sng vung vi hai na chu k. tn s hot ng l 50Hz tnh ton theo cng thc T=2,48RC ta c thng s R,C nh sau: R=47K,C=0,1uF Tn hiu sng vung c xut ra trn cc chn 10,11 qua in tr 4,7K ti Ic lm358 khuych i m vi h s K=1 .Nhim v chnh ca IC ny l gim tr khng u vo cho tng cng sut ,n nh ch lm vic ca b phn pht xung 4047 . Trasistor H1061 l tran cng sut tm trung nhim v trong mch kch m tng tran cng sut ln. C th khi c tn hiu t Ic lm358 a vo tran m khi in p ca tn hiu c khuych i kch m cp tran D718. Diot trong mch c tc dng bo v tran, ngha l nu v tnh t ngc in p th phn in p ny s chy qua diot . in tr 1K tc dng trnh dng Ib bo ha khi mch in chy ch khng ti. Cp tran cng sut D718 hot ng nh mt kha in t ng ngt lin tc vi tn s 50Hz ca b pht xung .T s ng ngt ny dng in qua bin p thay i theo dng tn hiu sng vung . chu k Mch nghch lu mt pha
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KHOA IN T -TRNG H CNG NGHIP HN

dng cun L1 ca phn s cp c cp ngun , in p u ra c khuych i theo t s vng dy ca bin p. Lc ny u ra l chu k dng .Ngc li chu k m cun L2 ca phn s cp c cp in ,in p u ra l chu k m ca tn hiu. Do u ra ca bin p in p l dng in xoay chiu tn s 50Hz ,dng sng vung.

PHN 4:S MCH IN V MCH IN THC T


1: S mch in:

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2 : Cc bc tin hnh :
Bc 1: Thit k nguyn l v la chn cc linh kin trong mch . Hin nay c rt nhiu phn mm chuyn dng thit k mch in t l orcard , protelus ,atium designer Mi phn mm u cung cp cho chng ta nhng cch khc nhau xy dng mt mch in t c s l thuyt cho n phn thit k mch in.Em chn phn mm protelus .Tnh ni bt nht ca phn mm ny l giao din d s dng kh nng m phng vi chnh sc cao ,thit k mch nhanh tit kim thi gian ,cc s dng khng phc tp ,kh nng chuyn i linh hot gia nguyn l v mch in. Trn c s l thuyt trn em xy dng mt mch bin i in p nhng trn cng sut nh hn .Em chn bin p 5 A vi nhiu u ra trong c 0v , 12v v 24v nh vy ta c cng sut ln nht ca mch l 12 x 5 = 75 w Trn c s cng sut em chon tranditor D718 vi dng chu c l 8 A ,cng vi 2 tranditor H1061 C i km theo c cu darlington. Khi mch rung em chn ic chuyn dng to sng vung 2 na chu k l ic 4047 ,cng vi ic LM 358 khuch i tn hiu kch cho tran H1061 C . Bc 2 v mch in . Sau khi xy dng s nguyn l chng ta bt u phn layout mch in .protel us cung cp cho chng ta 1 th vin khng phong ph lm nhng cng y foot pin ca cc linh kin .Sau khi chuyn sang phn layout mch chng ta sp xp cc linh kin trong mch sao cho hp l ri tin hnh ni cc ng dy vi nhau .nh vy chng ta hon thin vic thit k mch in t c s l thuyt n mch in thc t . .

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