Cht hot ng b mt

Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia

Mt mixen vi phn u k nc ho tan trong du, trong khi phn a nc hng ra pha ngoi

Cht hot ng b mt (ting Anh: Surfactant, Surface active agent) l mt cht lm t c tc dng lm gim sc cng b mt ca mt cht lng. L cht m phn t ca n phn cc: mt u a nc v mt ui k nc.
Mc lc
[n]

1 c im 2 Phn loi 3 ng dng 4 c thm 5 Lin kt ngoi

[sa]c

im

Cht hot ng b mt c dng gim sc cng b mt ca mt cht lng bng cch lm gim sc cng b mt ti b mt tip xc (interface)ca hai cht lng. Nu c nhiu hn hai cht lng khng ha tan th cht hot ha b mt lm tng din tch tip xc gia hai cht lng . Khi ha cht hot ha b mt vo trong mt cht lng th cc phn t ca cht hot ha b mt c xu hng to m (micelle, c dch l mixen), nng m ti cc phn t bt u to m c gi l nng to m ti hn. Nu cht lng l nc th cc phn t s chm ui k nc li vi nhau v quay u a nc ra to nn nhng hnh dng khc nhau nh hnh cu (0 chiu), hnh tr (1 chiu), mng (2 chiu). Tnh a, k nc ca mt cht hot ha b mt c c trng bi mt thng s l cn bng a k nc (ting Anh: Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance-HLB), gi tr ny c th t 0 n 40. HLB cng cao th ha cht cng d ha tan trong nc, HLB cng thp th ha cht cng d ha tan trong cc dung mi khng phn cc nh du.

[sa]Phn

loi

Ty theo tnh cht m cht hot ha b mt c phn theo cc loi khc nhau. Nu xem theo tnh cht in ca u phn cc ca phn t cht hot ha b mt th c th phn chng thnh cc loi sau:

Cht hot ha ion: khi b phn cc th u phn cc b ion ha.

Cht hot ha dng: khi b phn cc th u phn cc mang in dng, v d:

Cetyl trimtylamni brmua (CTAB).

Cetyl trimetylammonium bromua (CTAB) Cetyl pyridinium clorua (CPC) Polyethoxylated tallow amin (POEA) Benzalkonium clorua (BAC) Benzethonium clorua (BZT) Cht hot ha m: khi b phn cc th u phn cc mang in m Natri dodecyl sulfat (SDS), amoni lauryl sulfat, v cc mui ankyl sulfat khc Natri laureth sulfat, hay natri lauryl ete sulfat (SLES) Ankyl benzen sulfonat X phng v cc mui ca axit bo

Cht hot ha phi ion: u phn cc khng b ion ha, v d: Ankyl poly(tylen xt).

Ankyl poly(etylen oxit) Copolymers ca poly(etylen oxit) v poly(propylen oxit) (trong thng mi gi l cc

Poloxamer hay Poloxamin)

Ankyl polyglucozit, bao gm:

Octyl glucozit Decyl maltosit Cc ru bo Ru cetyl Ru oleyl Cocamit MEA, cocamit DEA

Cht hot ha lng cc: khi b phn cc th u phn cc c th mang in m hoc mang

in dng ty vo pH ca dung mi, v d: Dodecyl imtylamin xt.

[sa]ng
Dodecyl betain Dodecyl dimetylamin xt Cocamidopropyl betain Coco ampho glycinat

dng

Cht hot ha b mt ng dng rt nhiu trong i sng hng ngy. ng dng ph bin nht l bt git, sn, nhum ... Ngoi ra nhng ng dng trong cc lnh vc khc nh

Trong cng nghip dt nhum: Cht lm mm cho vi si, cht tr nhum Trong cng nghip thc phm: Cht nh ha cho bnh ko, b sa v hp Trong cng nghip m phm: Cht ty ra, nh ha, cht to bt Trong ngnh in: Cht tr ngm v phn tn mc in Trong nng nghip: Cht gia cng thuc bo v thc vt, Trong xy dng: Dng nh ha nha ng, tng cng ng rn ca b tng Trong du kh: Cht nh ha dung dch khoan Trong cng nghip khong sn: Lm thuc tuyn ni, cht nh ha, cht to bt lm giu

khong sn

[sa]c

thm

Tnh HLB ca mt cht hot ha b mt Ha hc ngy nay (Ting Vit)