TRNG I HC NGOI THNG KHOA KINH T V KINH DOANH QUC T

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TIU LUN
BO H V CH DN A L THEO PHP LUT NHT BN
Ging vin hng dn H v tn sinh vin Nguyn T Linh Phm Hng Dng Nguyn Phng Anh L Tho Trang Lp: TMA408.2_LT

TS. L Th Thu H M sinh vin 0951010483 0951010391 0951010338 0951010597

H Ni, thng 5 nm 2012

MC LC
MC LC ......................................................................................................... 2 LI NI U .................................................................................................. 3 CHNG 1....................................................................................................... 4 Gii thiu chung v h thng php lut S hu tr tu Nht Bn ..................... 4 1) c im chung v h thng php lut Nht Bn ................................... 4 2) Tng quan v h thng php lut S hu tr tu Nht Bn ..................... 8 3) Quy nh v ch dn a l bi cc bin php iu khin hnh chnh .... 13 CHNG 2..................................................................................................... 16 Bo h ch dn a l theo php lut Nht Bn............................................... 16 1) Bo h ch dn a l thng qua lut Chng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh ............................................................................................................. 16 2) Bo h ch dn a l thng qua lut Bo him..................................... 21 3) Bo h ch dn a l thng qua lut ca Hip hi kinh doanh ru .... 23 KT LUN ..................................................................................................... 30 TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................... 31

LI NI U

Cng vi tin trnh ton cu ho v kinh t v t do ha v thng mi, cc quc gia trn th gii ngy cng quan tm hn ti vic bo v sn phm ca mnh khi thm nhp vo th trng cc nc khc thng qua vic s dng ch dn a l. Tuy nhin, thc t minh chng, bn cnh nhng li ch ng k m ch dn a l mang li cho i tng m n phc v , mc ch li nhun c th khin cho cc ch th khc sn sng tm mi cch gy thit hi ng k cho cc quc gia s hu ch dn a l. Bi v th m nhu cu v tng cng bo h cc ch dn a l trong thng mi thng qua cc iu c quc t c cc quc gia c bit ch . Mc d t nhng nc thuc Lin minh Chu u, Hoa K, Australia cho ti nhng quc gia Chu nh Trung Quc, Hn Quc u nhn thc c tm quan trng ca ch dn a l v c nhng h thng lut bo h rt cht ch, nhng ti Nht Bn t nc c nn kinh t pht trin v cng vng mnh, li rt xem nh vn bo h ch dn a l, cng chnh v vy c khng t nhng tranh chp xy ra trong qu trnh t chc v hot ng kinh doanh, nh hng n li ch kinh t quc gia v li ch thng mi ca doanh nghip. Vi ti Bo h v ch dn a l theo php lut Nht Bn, nhm nghin cu mun a n mt ci nhn tng quan v h thng lut php Nht Bn cng vi nhng vn lin quan ti bo h ch dn a l ti Nht Bn. Trong qu trnh hon thin bi tiu lun khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, chng em rt mong c nhn s gp v hng dn nhm c th chnh sa v rt kinh nghim cho nhng bi tiu lun v sau. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n c.

CHNG 1 Gii thiu chung v h thng php lut S hu tr tu Nht Bn

*** 1) c im chung v h thng php lut Nht Bn Nht Bn l mt qun o ng dn c ng Bc , v l nn kinh t ln th hai trn th gii. Mc d tin hnh m ca t gia 19 th k hin i ha nn kinh t, x hi v h thng php lut, ti Nht Bn khi nim hin i, phng Ty ", v php lut ca chnh quc gia vn cn cha r rng. Lut php Nht Bn vay mn t Trung Quc, lc a Chu u t cui th k 19 v t h thng php lut Anh M. Trc s tri dy ca nn kinh t tr tr v s thc y vic bi b quy nh trong nhng nm 1990, mt s nh bnh lun cng b "M ha ca lut php Nht Bn" 1. Tuy nhin, n vn c ng khung bi lut php quc t, ci cch php lut vn cn thu ht tiu chun ton cu rng ln ng thi n c mt truyn thng lut php bn a lu i v mnh m. Theo , lut php Nht Bn c d kin s vn cn mt h thng php lut nguyn mu "lai, khng d dng m t nh l thuc v bt k "gia nh hp php" c th no. Nghin cu php lut ca Nht Bn cng dn n s ra i cc m hnh mi hoc s pht trin cc l thuyt, c bit nhng nh bnh lun nc ngoi vi ngn ng phng Ty, gii thch hin tng rng dng nh quy nh ca php lut vn cn cha thc s quan trng trong trt t kinh t x hi. H thng lut php Nht Bn cung cp mt nn tng th nghim phong ph cho cc phng php tip cn php lut so snh cp khi qut hn.

Theo The Americanization of Japanese law Kelemen & Sibbitt, 2002

 Hin php Nht Bn hin nay a ra ba nguyn tc c bn Th nht, quyn lc nm trong tay nhn dn thay v trong tay Nht Hong. Mc d Nht Hong vn ng vai tr khng th thay th trong mt s cng vic quc gia, chng hn nh vic triu tp Quc hi, nhng vai tr ch mang tnh nghi l v ch c thc hin vi s t vn v chp thun ca ni cc. Nguyn tc th hai ni v s tn trng dnh cho quyn c bn ca con ngi. Hin php bao gm mt d lut quyn di 30 iu, quy nh rng "cc quyn con ngi c bn ghi trong Hin php c ban cho con ngi v cc th h tng lai l quyn vnh c ". Chng khng ch bao gm cc quyn t do dn s nh quyn t do ngn lun, t do thc hin tn gio v cc quyn t tng nhau ca b co; nhng quyn phc li nh: "tt c mi ngi c quyn c duy tr nhng tiu chun ti thiu ca cuc sng lnh mnh v vn ha". Tuy nhin, ni dung c th ca quyn ny c cho l ph thuc vo cc chnh sch phc li ca chnh ph, v vy ngi nhn phc li x hi khng c quyn tuyn b rng mt chnh sch phc li c th l vi hin. Nguyn tc c bn th ba l ha bnh. "Nht Bn vnh vin t b chin tranh nh mt quyn ca quc gia v e da s dng v lc nh l phng tin gii quyt tranh chp quc t" v "lc qun, hi qun, khng qun v cc tim nng chin tranh khc, s khng bao gi c duy tr". Chnh ph lin tc khng nh rng Hin php khng bao gi cm vic duy tr mt lc lng cn thit ti thiu t v. Theo iu tra c thc hin nhng nm 1990, mt phn ln ngi dn ngh rng Nht Bn nn ng gp mt phn do vic duy tr ha bnh th gii, v Lc lng T v Nht Bn (Self-Defense Force SDF) nn c coi nh hin php nu cn thit cho mc ch ny. T tng cng vi p lc t pha Hoa K, chnh ph Nht Bn ban hnh lut cho php SDF tc chin nc ngoi trong mt s trng hp nht nh.
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 Hin php thng qua vic phn chia cc quyn hn nh mt nguyn tc cho h thng Chnh ph Quyn lp php nm trong tay Quc hi. Quc hi bao gm H vin v Thng Vin, vi H Vin nm quyn quan trng hn trong hu ht cc kha cnh. Cc thnh vin ca c hai Vin c bu, v tt c cc cng dn trn 20 tui c quyn b phiu. Quyn hnh c trao cho Ni cc, bao gm Th tng Chnh ph v cc B trng khc. Th tng Chnh ph l ngi ng u ni cc v c la chn t cc thnh vin ca Quc hi. Sau , Th tng Chnh ph b nhim cc B trng trong s cc thnh vin ca Quc hi. Quyn lc t php c trao cho Ta n Ti cao v cc ta n thp hn c thnh lp theo quy nh ca php lut. Tuy Hin php quy nh "Quc hi s l c quan cao nht ca quyn lc nh nc", Quc hi cng tun th cc tng ca nguyn tc phn chia quyn lc, bng cch trao cho Ni Cc quyn gii tn Quc hi v Ta n quyn xc nh tnh hp hin ca o lut c ban hnh bi Quc hi. Cc thnh vin ca Quc hi v Ni cc c th trnh mt d lut ln Quc hi. Trong thc t, trong s nhng d lut c thng qua, s lng trnh bi Ni Cc vt xa s d lut trnh bi Quc hi, mc d c nhiu d lut c trnh bi cc c nhn hn k t nhng nm 1990. D lut do ni cc vn c son tho ch yu bi cc quan chc trong B hoc cc c quan thuc ngnh hnh php. V vy, quyn lp php lc thc s nm trong tay ca cc B. iu ny khc vi Hoa K nhng l ph hp vi truyn thng "Westminister" dn ch ngh vin vn c p dng trong mt phn ca khi Anglo Khi thnh vng chung. Qu trnh lm lut ca Nht Bn cng tr nn a dng v phc tp, c bit l k t cui nhng nm 1990. Ngoi Quc hi, cc b lut c th c son tho bi cc c quan khc. Ngun lut th nht n t Chnh ph, cc B, c quan thuc ngnh hnh
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php. Nhng lut ny ch c hiu lc trong phm vi cc c quan c th quy nh bi cc o lut. Ngun lut th hai n t Ta n ti cao, lin quan n th tc t php, cc vn lin quan n lut s, k lut ni b ca cc ta n, v vic qun l ca ngnh t php. Tuy nhin, Quc hi cng c trao quyn ban hnh lut lin quan n nhng vn ny, v mt o lut c ban hnh bi Quc hi c hiu lc cao hn mt lut c ban hnh bi Ta n Ti cao. Ngun th ba l iu c quc t. Ni cc c trao quyn k cc iu c quc t. sau, hoc trc khi c c s ng thun ca Quc hi, ty vo hon cnh. Mc d nhiu ngi ngh rng iu c quc t c hiu lc cao hn php lut nh nc, tn ti nhiu lung kin khc nhau v mi quan h gia Hin php v cc iu c quc t. Tuy nhin, t trc ti nay khng c tin l t php no lin quan mi quan h gia cc iu c quc t v php lut trong nc. Mt ngun tin th t ca php lut l php lnh c ban hnh bi chnh quyn a phng. Hin php cho php chnh quyn a phng ban hnh php lnh ca mnh trong phm vi tng thch vi php lut ca Quc hi. Trong mt s lnh vc, chng hn nh bo v ngi tiu dng v mi trng, quyn ny m ng cho nhiu tin b hn cp a phng. Nhng trong h thng ti chnh cng ca Nht Bn, sau mt qu trnh xem xt k cng, quyn lp php ny thng b hn ch. Mt cch chnh thc, tin l t php khng phi l ngun ca php lut. Ngay c quyt nh ca Ta n Ti cao cng khng dng ln bt k rng buc no v php lut cho cc trng hp tng t trong tng lai. Ta n cp thp hn c th xt x m khng b ph thuc vo bt k quyt nh trong qu kh no ca Ta n ti cao. Tuy nhin, ta n cp a phng thng tun theo nhng tin l ca Ta n ti cao v bn thn Ta n Ti cao cng rt thn trng trong vic i ngc li nhng tin l xt x ca mnh. V vy, cc tin l l u mi quan trng nht d on kt qu ca nhng v n hin ti, v do tr thnh mt ngun thc t ca php lut.
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 Nht Bn t lu l mt t nc m lut php ng vai tr rt hn ch Hu ht cc tranh chp c gii quyt bng cch m phn gia cc bn hoc thng qua cc dch v ha gii c cung cp bi ta n hoc cc th tc ADR khc, trc khi pht trin thnh cc v kin. Tuy nhin, nh cp ngay t u, cc l thuyt khc nhau v cch gii thch hnh vi vi nhng tc ng khc nhau. Cng nh ta n c thng xuyn s dng gii quyt cc tranh chp c nhn, lut php ng mt vai tr rt hn ch theo mt ngha khc: t php rt min cng thc hin quyn lc c trao thu hi quyt nh ca cc ngnh khc ca chnh ph. iu l c ban hnh bi The Diet hu nh khng bao gi tri vi hin php, v trng hp m quyt nh ca cc c quan thuc ngnh hnh php b nh ch cng rt him. Hu nh tt c cc quyt nh chnh tr quan trng u min dch t s gim st t php. Mt l thuyt "duy l" cho rng n l kt qu t triu i lu di ca LDP, dn n khng ch cc quan chc trong ngnh hnh php m cn l c quan t php thc hin ng vi chnh sch r rng ca ng trong cc tnh hung chnh tr quan trng, ngay c khi khng c s can thip trc tip no.

2) Tng quan v h thng php lut S hu tr tu Nht Bn Nht Bn k kt hu ht cc Hip c Quc t c lin quan n quyn S hu tr tu. Do , trong phm vi iu chnh ca cc Hip c Quc t ny, nhng nguyn tc chung bo h v khi t thuc quyn S hu tr tu nm trong h thng php lut S hu tr tu Nht Bn hon ton tng t vi cc quc gia k kt khc. Cc Hip c Quc t lin quan n quyn s hu tr tu m Nht Bn k bao gm khng gii hn nhng Hip c sau y:

o Cc kha cnh lin quan n Thng mi ca Quyn s hu tr tu 1994 o Cng c Paris v bo v ti sn cng nghip 1883 o Hip c hp tc v sng ch (PTC) 1970 o Hip c Budapest v s cng nhn quc t i vi vic np lu chng vi sinh nhm tin ti cc th tc v Patent 1997 o Hip nh quc t v bo v ging cy trng mi 1961 o S tha thun tt p lin quan ti vic phn loi hng ha v dch v Quc t ng k nhn hiu hng ha 1991 o iu c Lut nhn hiu 1994 o Ngh nh th Marid lin quan ti ng k nhn hiu quc t 1989 o Cng c Burn v bo h cc tc phm vn hc v ngh thut ( o lut Paris) 1971 o Cng c Bn quyn quc t 1971 o Cng c Rome v bo h ngi biu din, nh sn xut, bn ghi m, t chc pht sng 1961 o Cng c Geneva v bo h nh sn xut bn ghi m chng vic sao chp khng c php bn ghi m ca h 1971 o Hip c bn quyn WIPO 1996 o Hip c ca WIPO v biu din v bn ghi m 1996 o Hip c thnh lp T chc s hu tr tu Th gii 1967 Quyn s hu tr tu Nht Bn cp n cc kha cnh lin quan n cc vn c bn bao gm: (1) sng ch, (2) quyn thit k tin dng, (3) quyn thit k, (4) quyn v nhn hiu, (5) bn quyn, (6) bo v b mt thng mi v (7) bo h chng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh. Cn phi lu thm l Nht Bn khng c vn bn Lut s hu tr tu nh Vit Nam m ch c Quyn s hu tr tu. Nu s hu tr tu c php lut tha nhn th
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s hnh thnh quyn s hu tr tu. Tp hp cc quyn SHTT v cc chnh sch bo h quyn SHTT to thnh mt h thng SHTT.2 Nu nh Nht Bn mun bc vo k nguyn ca s sng to tr tu, iu cp thit lc ny l cn phi hnh thnh ngay mt Lut i cng hay Lut c bn (Basic Law) v S hu tr tu.

Lch s lut Sng ch Nht Bn

Lut u tin cp n vn s hu tr tu ti Nht Bn l o lut v sng ch (Patent Act). o lut ny bt u c thc hin vo nm 1885, c ngha n xut hin trc c Hin php Minh Tr (1889) C vn vin u tin ca Cc sng ch Nht Bn (JPO) l Korekiyo Takahashi ngi tng l phin dch vin ca Tin s Morley trong chuyn i ca ng t M ti Nht gip Nht xy dng h thng gio dc. 120 nm v trc, Takahashi c nhc ti vic Morley tng than phin rng Nht Bn l mt quc gia ca sao chp cc pht minh, nhn hiu v bn quyn nhng th ti sn c xem nh v cng qu gi i vi ngi M lc by gi. Cho rng mnh cha c hiu bit trong lnh vc ny, Takahashi n lc hc hi ht kh nng c th. Sau khi hon thnh cng vic di vai tr l c vn vin JPO, Takahashi tr thnh Thng c Ngn hng Nht Bn, B trng B nng nghip v cng nghip, B trng B Ti chnh v cui cng l Th tng Nht Bn. Ngay khi h thng sng ch i vo hot ng, Nht Bn pht trin nn cng nghip ca mnh, tri qua cuc cch mng v cng nghip v dn dn tr nn vng mnh theo thi gian, snh ngang mnh vi cc cng quc trn Th gii. Cng vi trnh cng ngh cao, Nht Bn sau sa i b sung Lut sng ch vo nm 1921 cho ph hp hn vi thc t tnh hnh lc
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Theo http://thanhtra.most.gov.vn/vi/cac-bai-nghien-cuu-shtt/so-huu-tri-tue-trong-boi-canh-hoi-nhap-kinhte-quoc-te

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by gi. Mi trng php l hon ton tr nn i khc sau chin tranh Th gii II vi s ra i ca Hin php, lut Chng c quyn v s ci t tch cc B lut dn s; v v th, lut Sng ch li mt ln na c xem xt li vo nm 1959. Khi nhn li c th thy Lut Sng ch c chnh sa c 40 nm mt ln. l l do v sao Lut ny li sa i cp nht mt ln na vo nm 1999. Trong nhng thp k sau chin tranh, Nht Bn dn bt kp vi nn cng ngh chu u tin tin v hin nay ang l mt trong s nhng nc i u v lnh vc ny chu . Cng thi k sau chin tranh, phm vi sng ch chuyn dn t dng hu hnh sang nhng dng dch v v tng v hnh. Kt qu l, Nht Bn cn mt Lut Sng ch mi ph hp vi s thay i ny. Th k 21 l Th k ca cng ngh thng tin, v iu cp thit l Nht Bn cn mt Lut sng ch cp n lut v thit k, nhn hiu v cc lnh vc khc c lin quan.

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: Lch s Lut Sng ch Nht Bn 3

Lut Sng ch mi
Hin nay quyn S hu tr tu Nht Bn c chia ra thnh 2 lnh vc l s sng to tr tu (intellectual) v s xc lp kinh doanh (business designations). Nhng lut cn thit bo h nhng ti sn tr tu c th chia ra thnh hai nhm. Nhm th nht bao gm Lut Sng ch, Lut Gii php hu ch (Utility Model Law), Lut Thit k, Lut chng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh v Lut Bn quyn nhm bo v s sng to tr tu. Lut Nhn hiu v Lut chng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh nhm gii quyt vn lin quan ti s xc lp kinh doanh. Tuy nhin nhng Lut ny thng c s dng mt cch kt hp vi nhau. V d nhng pht minh s c bo h da trn Lut Bn quyn, thit k da trn Lut Thit k, b mt thng mi da vo Lut chng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh, bn quyn da vo Lut Bn quyn v nhn hiu da vo Lut Nhn hiu. Lut Sng ch c m rng sang c lnh vc phn mm v cc sn phm v hnh khc, tuy nhin, vic n lin quan nh th no n Lut Bn quyn v ng dng vo thc t bt u t u th cng khng thc s r rng. Cng vi s sa i gn y ca Lut chng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh, vic nhng sng ch cha c bo h, hoc nhng thit k v nhn hiu cha ng k c c s bo h l iu c th xy ra. y c xem nh mt s ci t hu ch. Bi l Lut chng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh a ra quan im c bn rng vic sao chp tc phm ca ngi khc l hnh ng sai tri. S thay i ang dn c thc hin. Nhng pht minh c bo h 20 nm k t ngy c cng nhn nhng bn quyn ko di tn 50 nm sau
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Intellectual Property Law in the 21st century - Hisamitsu Arai

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ngy tc gi qua i. Nhng cu hi lin tc c t ra v s chnh lch thi gian kh di ny. Ngoi ra cn khng t nhng cu hi v vn c s tng quan no khng gia bo h bn quyn cho mt cng ty pht trin phn mm vi mc ch s dng thng mi v mt tc gi ca mt cun tiu thuyt, mt bc v hay mt bc nh. Bi s khng r rng trong lut gy ra nhng vn trong thc t, ton b h thng php lut S hu tr tu Nht Bn cn thit phi c c cu li c p dng trong thi i mi.

3) Quy nh v ch dn a l bi cc bin php iu khin hnh chnh c bit n l nhng vn bn lut php quc t v bo h quyn s hu tr tu, trong Cng c Paris, Hip nh TRIPS u thit lp nhng khung tiu chun quy nh v vn bo h quyn s hu cng nghip v ch dn a l. Nhn thc c tm quan trng ca ch dn a l, cc nc thuc Lin minh chu u cng c hn mt h thng bo h c bit i vi ch dn a l, Hoa K v Australia cng tin hnh ng k bo h ch dn a l di hnh thc chng nhn nhn hiu trn c s lut Nhn hiu. Trung Quc v Hn Quc cng t ra h thng lut bo h ch dn a l rt c o v cn c mt h thng chng nhn nhn hiu, nh c th bo h ch dn a l di c hai h thng lut. Ngay Vit Nam, vn bo h ch dn a l cng c quy nh rt r rng trong lut S hu tr tu Vit Nam nm 2005 (sa i b sung nm 2009) l mt trong nhng i tng bo h thuc quyn s hu cng nghip. Tuy vy, khi nim v quyn s hu cng nghip i vi ngi Nht Bn cn rt hn hp. H quan nim rng quyn s hu cng nghip ch bao gm sng ch, nhn hiu v kiu dng. V h qu tt yu l vn bo h ch dn a l cho n nay vn ch l mt phm tr pht trin di mc cho php trong h thng php lut Nht Bn.

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 Tm quan trng ca cc bin php iu khin hnh chnh ti Nht Bn

Ti Nht Bn, cc quy nh hnh chnh thng dng gii quyt cc tranh chp c nhn, c bit l nhng iu khon c lin quan quan n kinh doanh. Trong vn bo h ch dn a l, c mt s lut c iu chnh bi cc ban ngnh ca chnh ph. V d nh Lut Thng mi Xut nhp khu ( 1952) c ban hnh trong phm vi quyn hn ca B Thng mi v Cng nghip Th gii. Lut ny ngn cm vic xut khu tri php v c bit lit k danh sch nhng hng ha xut khu sai v mt hnh thc trong bao gm sai v ch dn a l.

Bo h ch dn a l thng qua Lut chng c quyn lng on

Lut tip theo c lin quan n bin php iu khin hnh chnh v vn cnh tranh khng lnh mnh l Lut chng c quyn Nht Bn ( 1947), c bit l nhng kha cnh c lin quan n bo h ch dn a l. Vn ny cn c nhc ti trong Lut chng Bo him bt hp l, s th hin v cc vn khc ( sau ny chnh l Lut Bo him) ban hnh vo nm 1962 v l mt lut c th ha cho mc s 19 ca Lut chng c quyn.

Tnh hiu qu ca Cng bng Thng mi vin

Di h thng php lut Nht Bn, s nh hng ca Cng bng Thng mi vin trong cc vn c lin quan n ch dn a l khng lnh mnh trong kinh doanh ang ngy cng gia tng. ng vai tr nh mt c quan hnh chnh u ngnh, Cng bng Thng mi vin tch cc a ra nhng li khuyn ngh, cnh bo; song thc t Vin ny cha i su vo gc r vn t thc t o c kinh doanh ca cc cng ty Nht Bn. Hin nhin Cng bng Thng mi vin ng mt vai tr quan trng, song Nht Bn cn phi tm ra mt con ng nhm thc y mi trng kinh doanh c o
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c, tc l phi tm mt gii php thay th nhng iu m bn thn doanh nghip kinh doanh cn hiu cha ng v cha th no l cng bng v khng cng bng trong h thng ch o hin gi.

Bo h ch dn a l vi vn ng k nhn hiu thng mi

Ti Nht, quy nh v ng k c p dng i vi vn bo h nhn hiu thng mi trong ch dn a l l mt trong s nhng yu t c a ra xem xt bi Cc Sng ch quyt nh liu doanh nghip c c php ng k nhn hiu thng mi hay khng.

Bo h ch dn a l trong iu l hi quan v nhp khu hng ha

Di quy nh ca Lut Hi quan Nht Bn, hng ha nhp khu trc tip hoc gin tip cha cc du hiu ch dn sai lch hoc gy hiu lm v ngun gc xut x s khng c php nhp khu vo lnh th nc ny.

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CHNG 2 Bo h ch dn a l theo php lut Nht Bn

*** Bi lut php Nht Bn khng c h thng quy nh r rng v bo h ch dn a l m ch cp n thng qua mt s vn bn php lut khc, do dn ca phn ny s khng c phn tch theo quy chun thng thng nh: i tng bo h, iu kin bo h, ni dung quyn ... Tng hp t mt s bi nghin cu, phn tch cp Nh nc ca cc gio s, tin s u ngnh v lut s hu tr tu cng nh ca Cc S hu tr tu Nht Bn, nhm ti s phn tch cc kha cnh trong bo h ch dn a l ca Nht Bn thng qua lut Chng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh, lut Bo him, v lut ca Hip hi kinh doanh ru, trn c s phn tch nhm s a thm cc quy nh ca lut Vit Nam cng nh lut quc t so snh v lm r cc vn pht sinh trong cc case-study.

1) Bo h ch dn a l thng qua lut Chng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh iu 2 ca lut Chng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh ban hnh nm 1993 a ra mt s quy nh lin quan n bo h ch dn a l. Cnh tranh khng lnh mnh c cp trong lut ny hng n nhng hnh vi sau: hnh vi gy nhm ln vi hng ha hay vic kinh doanh ca ngi khc bng cch s dng mt du hiu ch hng ha hay hot ng kinh doanh (c ngha l tn, tn thng mi, nhn hiu, du hiu, hoc container hoc bao b hng ha c s dng gi lin tng n hot ng kinh doanh ca ngi khc, hay bt c mt du hiu no ca hng ha hay hot ng kinh doanh ca i tng khc) m tng ng hoc c th ging vi du hiu hng ha

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hay hot ng kinh doanh ca mt i tng qu quen thuc vi ngi tiu dng; hoc hnh vi bn giao, vn chuyn, trng by nhm mc ch giao hng, xut khu, nhp khu hoc cung cp qua cc phng tin nhng hng ha s dng nhng du hiu cp trn; 4 in hnh cho sai phm ny c th k ti v bnh nhn tht Kobe. T thng 4/1989, nguyn n l cng ty Rockfield sn xut v bn mt loi bnh nhn tht c tn l Bnh nhn tht Kobe. Loi bnh ny c sn xut Kobe, mt thnh ph vn ni ting vi hnh nh thi thng v vn minh. Nhng chic bnh ny c bit thu ht cc ph n tr thi . Sn phm c bn ti chnh ca hng ca Rockfield v cng c tiu th trc tip ti 26 ca hng i l trn ton Nht Bn. Nm 1988, doanh thu bnh nhn tht ca Rockfield c tnh t 200 triu yn. Tuy nhin, mt thi gian sau , mt cng ty thc phm ng lnh khc l Katokichi ng trong cun catalogue v sn phm mi cho ma thu mt qung co v sn phm bnh nhn tht ng lnh cng vi tn gi Bnh nhn tht Kobe. Tuy nhin nhng chic bnh nhn tht ng lnh ny khng c sn xut ti Kobe. Rockfield cho rng n ng k nhn hiu cho sn phm ca h vn ang c xem xt, v vy sn phm ca Katokichi s gy nhm ln ti khch hng, v Katokichi cng s din gii sai v ni xut x ca sn phm nu h thc s bn bnh nhn tht. Mt khc, Katokichi th li cho rng d l bnh nhn tht ng l c th c sn xut ni khc, nhng h ch s dng hnh nh thng lu ca Kobe t tn cho sn phm m thi.
4

acts of creating confusion with another person's goods or business by using an indication of goods or

business (which means a name, trade name,trademark, mark, or container or package of goods used in relation to a person's business, or any other indication of a person's goods or business; the same shall apply hereinafter) that is identical or similar to said person's indication of goods or business that is well-known among consumers or other purchasers, or by assigning, delivering, displaying for the purpose of assignment or delivery, exporting, importing or providing through an electric telecommunication line the goods using such an indication;

17

D Katokichi bin h nh th no th r rng vic s dng nhn hiu Bnh nhn tht Kobe trong khi sn phm li khng h c sn xut Kobe hon ton c th gy nhm ln v xut x tht ca sn phm bi Kobe l du hiu ch ngun gc a l cho thy sn phm c ngun gc t Kobe. hnh vi s dng mang tnh s hu c nhn du hiu hng ha hay kinh doanh ging vi du hiu hng ha, kinh doanh rt ni ting ca ngi khc, hoc hnh vi chuyn nhng, vn chuyn, trng by nhm mc ch giao hng, xut khu, nhp khu hoc cung cp qua cc phng tin nhng hng ha s dng nhng du hiu cp trn; 5 C th ly v d trng hp v gi mo nhn hiu qut. V n ny, xy ra t nm 1988, dnh dng n rt nhiu nh bun gi mo thng hiu qut ni ting bng cch ng gi vo cc thng giy ging ht vi nhng thng giy vn c s dng bi cc nng h - i tng chu trch nhim phn phi qut tht. Thit k ca chic thng c ng k bo h theo lut Kiu dng thit k. Cc b co trong v n ny cng nh cp hai nhn hiu c ng k ca mt nng h khc phn phi mt nhn hiu qut cng rt ni ting. Cc nhn hiu sao chp c in trn cc thng giy gi. Thc cht, sn phm qut tht c ngun gc t hai khu vc rt c bit ca Nht Bn, v ni ting bi v ngt t nhin. Qut gi l nhng sn phm km cht lng c xut x t nhng khu vc khc Nht Bn. Trong sut hn ba nm, hn 200.000 thng cam gi c tiu th nhiu qun ti Nht Bn thng qua mt ng dy phn phi c lp, khng h lin quan ti bt c hp tc x no, cng bi vy nn vic tiu th qut gi mi c che y trong sut ba nm.
5

acts of using as ones own an indication of goods or business that is identical or similar to another person's famous indication of goods or business, or the act of assigning, delivering, displaying for the purpose of assignment or delivery, exporting, importing or providing through an electric telecommunication line the goods using such an indication;

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Pha cnh st iu tra v vic cho bit nhng ngi bn khc trn th trng hn bit rt r vic lu thng ca qut gi. Nhng b co b khi t v xm phm lut Kiu dng thit k, lut Nhn hiu v lut Chng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh. Hnh vi trn chnh l vic s dng du hiu hng ha hay kinh doanh ging vi du hiu hng ha, kinh doanh rt ni ting ca ngi khc (kiu dng thit k trn chic thng ng qut) gy nhm ln v xut x tht ca hng ha. hnh vi giao hng, cho thu, trng by nhm mc ch giao hng, cho thu, xut khu hoc nhp khu nhng hng ha bt chc tnh nng (ngoi tr tnh nng thc s cn thit m bo s vn hnh ca hng ha nu) ca hng ha ca i tng khc; 6 hnh vi chim ot quyn s dng tn min tng ng hoc c th ging vi ch dn c th ca hng ha hoc dch v ( y l tn, tn thng mi, nhn hiu, du hiu hay bt c du hiu no khc ca hng ha, dch v), hoc hnh vi s dng nhng tn min nh cp nhm mc ch bun bn tri php hay c tnh gy tn hi ti ngi khc; 7 hnh vi din gii sai thng tin xut hin trn hng ha, dch v, hoc trong mt qung co, vn bn c s dng nhm mc ch giao dch, theo cch m c th gy nhm ln v ngun gc xut x, cht lng, ni dung, quy trnh sn xut, mc ch s dng hay s lng ca nhng hng ha, dch v ; hoc hnh vi chuyn nhng, giao hng, trng by nhm mc ch giao
6

acts of assigning, leasing, displaying (iii) for the purpose of assignment or leasing, exporting or importing

goods which imitate the configuration (excluding configuration that is indispensable for ensuring the function of said goods) of another persons goods;
7

acts of acquiring or holding a right to use a domain name(s) that is identical or similar to another persons

specific indication of goods or services (which means a name, trade name, trademark, mark, or any other indication of a persons goods or services), or the acts of using any such domain name(s), for the purpose of acquiring an illicit gain or causing injury to another person;

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hng, xut khu, nhp khu hay cung cp thng qua ng dy thng tin lin lc nhng hng ha, dch v vi ch dn nh trn; 8 Vic din gii sai thng tin v xut x hng ha nhm mc ch kim li nhun khi giao dch c th gy nhng thit hi rt ln. Xin c trch dn v vic ca doanh nghip Toto Industries. Cc nh sn xut ph tng Tokyo nhp khu cc b phn my t cng ty lin doanh ti Hn Quc, sau ng gi li v ng du Made in Japan trc khi xut khu ti th trng chu v Trung ng. Trong sut hn hai nm ri, Toto Industries cc b co xut khu trung bnh t 35.000 n 40.000 b phn mi thng, nhng b phn ny khi mua li t Hn Quc ch c mc gi 2000 yn/b phn nhng khi xut khu th li ln ti 3000 yn/b phn. Tng gi tr hng xut khu c tnh cng phi t nht t 1 t yn. Hnh vi phm php ca cc b co b Tng cc Hi quan vch trn, v theo lut Hi quan Nht Bn, bn xut khu phi cam kt ghi ch li ngun gc xut x ca hng ha xut khu. Hnh vi la o ca Toto Industries hon ton che mt c mi ngi khi c c giy chng nhn ca Phng Thng mi Tokyo rng hng ha c sn xut Nht Bn. Rt nhiu nc nhp khu vn cho rng hng ha c xut x t Nht Bn by t s phn n v h t 100% nim tin vo s trung thc ca cc doanh nghip Nht Bn. Tuy vy, ban iu hnh ca cng ty, d c tha nhn hnh vi phm php vn cho rng ai lm kinh doanh cng s lm iu tng t. Khng ch c vy, gim c cng ty cho bit ngay khi hng ha c mt ti Nht Bn, nhn hiu Made in Japan s lp tc c gn ln hng ha.
8

acts of misrepresenting information on goods or services, or in an advertisement thereof or in a document or

correspondence used for a transaction related thereto, in a manner that is likely to mislead the public as to the place of origin, quality, contents, manufacturing process, use or quantity of such goods, or the quality, contents, purpose or quantity of such services, or the act of assigning, delivering, displaying for the purpose of assignment or delivery, exporting, importing or providing through an electric telecommunication line, goods with such an indication or providing services with such an indication;

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C th thy hnh vi ca Toto Industries xm phm nghim trng ti vn bo h ch dn a l. Khng ch pha doanh nghip i tc bn Hn Quc b thit hi khi hng ha do mnh sn xut li c tiu th cng khai vi ngun gc khng chnh xc, m ngay chnh cc khch hng mua sn phm trn cng b la gt v xut x tht ca sn phm. Vn bo h ch dn a l ch c cp mt s kha cnh trong lut Chng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh. Tuy c ban hnh t nm 1934 nhng thc s lut Chng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh vn cha pht huy ht tnh hiu qu, v trong lut vn tn ti nhng k h doanh nghip c th li dng lch lut. 2) Bo h ch dn a l thng qua lut Bo him L mt b lut c bit c ban hnh vo nm 1962 theo phn 19 ca lut Chng c quyn lng on (1947), lut Bo him hm cha kh nhiu iu khon lin quan n vn bo h ch dn a l ti Nht Bn. Thc hin theo iu 4 khon 3 c quy nh ti lut ny, nm 1973, Cng bng Thng mi vin ni trc tip iu chnh cc thng t ban hnh hiu lc ch th cp n hnh vi din gii sai ngun gc xut x ca hng ha. Theo bt c doanh nghip no vi phm vo mt trong nhng iu khon ca ch th ny s buc phi ngng hot ng v c nguy c phi ng ca. Ch th nu r: s din gii, ch thch c lit k tng mc di y, nu p dng cho hng ha sn xut ni a, c xem l gy kh khn cho ngi tiu dng trong vic nhn bit hng ha l sn xut ni a _ s din gii, ch thch bao gm tn ca mt quc gia nc ngoi, tn ca mt a danh quc gia nc ngoi, quc k hoc quc huy ca mt quc gia nc ngoi, hoc bt c s din gii, ch thch no tng ng hoc c th ging

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_ s din gii, ch thch bao gm tn hoc nhn hiu ca bt k doanh nhn hay nh thit k nc ngoi no _ s din gii, ch thch m tt c hoc mt phn ch o ca phn m t bng li vn c vit bng k t nc ngoi s din gii, ch thch c lit k tng mc di y, nu p dng cho hng ha sn xut nc ngoi, c xem l gy kh khn cho ngi tiu dng trong vic nhn bit hng ha c sn xut ti nc ngoi _ s din gii, ch thch bao gm tn quc gia, tn ca mt a danh thuc quc gia, quc k hoc quc huy ca quc gia m khng phi l quc gia xut x ca hng ha, hay bt c s din gii no tng ng hoc c th ging _ s din gii, ch thch bao gm tn hoc nhn hiu ca bt c doanh nhn hoc nh thit k quc gia m khng phi l nc xut x ca hng ha _ s din gii, ch thch m tt c hoc mt phn ch o phn m t bng li vn c vit bng k t Nht Bn Ch th trn cng a ra mt s ch thch nh nh sau: thut ng ngun gc xut x ca hng ha hm ch quc gia m ti din ra qu trnh nh hng n s thay i thit yu ca bn cht hng ha trong nhng trng hp m vic ch dn a im xut x ca hng ha bng tn quc gia l khng ph hp, l do thng l tn a danh ca quc gia c bit n nhiu hn tn ca quc gia , ni xut x s coi l quc gia xut x ca hng ha

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3) Bo h ch dn a l thng qua lut ca Hip hi kinh doanh ru Theo kh 1 iu 86.6 ca lut Thu ru, Tiu chun ch dn v ch dn a l c thit lp nhm gii quyt mt s sai phm v bo h ch dn a l. i tng bo h Ch dn a l l ch dn v ru vang v ru mnh (s c nh ngha c th di y), bt ngun t lnh th ca mt thnh vin thuc T chc Thng mi Th gii WTO, hoc t mt khu vc hay a phng thuc lnh th , c cht lng, uy tn hoc nhng c tnh nht nh ch yu do xut x a l quyt nh 9. Khi nim Ru vang c nh ngha trong kh 8 iu 3 ca lut Thu ru
10

. Ru mnh gm c ru Shochu, ru Whiskey, ru

Brandy, v nhng loi ru mnh trong s nhng loi ung c nng cn mnh cng c cp r kh 5, 9, 10 iu 3 lut Thu ru (Liquor Tax Law) 11.

Geographical indications mean indications which identify a liquor as originating in the territory of a

member of the World Trade Organization, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the liquor is essentially attributable to its geographical origin.
10

(a) Liquors produced in whole or in part from malted cereals or fruit (including dried fruit or boiled-down

or concentrated must, but excluding dates or other fruit as stipulated in government ordinances. The same shall apply hereafter). (b) Liquors produced by filtering it through white birch charcoal or other substances specified in government ordinances. (c) Liquors produced in whole or in part from saccharized substances (e.g: molasses, sugar, syrup and honey; excluding sugar as defined by government ordinances) and by the distillation at less than 95% vol. (d) Liquors produced by flavouring alcohol by way of steeping ingredients of other substances during distillation.
11

Shochu shall mean liquors produced by the distillation of alcohol containing substances. Included in this

definition are those produced by adding water, sugar or other substances stipulated in government ordinances to the abovementioned

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Nh vy i tng c bo h ch dn a l y l ru vang v ru mnh c quy nh rt c th trong iu 3 lut Thu ru. i vi lut S hu tr tu Vit Nam nm 2005, i tng bo h khng c quy nh c th l nhng loi hng ha no, nhng iu 80 ch r nhng i tng khng c bo h vi danh ngha ch dn a l. Theo cc i tng sau y khng c bo h vi danh ngha ch dn a l: tn gi, ch dn tr thnh tn gi chung ca hng ho Vit Nam ch dn a l ca nc ngoi m ti nc ch dn a l khng c bo h, b chm dt bo h hoc khng cn c s dng ch dn a l trng hoc tng t vi mt nhn hiu ang c bo h, nu vic s dng ch dn a l c thc hin th s gy nhm ln v ngun gc ca sn phm ch dn a l gy hiu sai lch cho ngi tiu dng v ngun gc a l thc ca sn phm mang ch dn a l iu kin bo h Nu ch dn a l ca cc loi ru vang hoc ru mnh sn xut ti Nht Bn hoc cc nc thnh vin WTO c chng nhn bi Tng cc Thu, c s dng cho nhng loi ru vang hoc ru mnh khng bt ngun t lnh th tng ng vi ch dn a l , th ch dn a l trn s b ngn cm s dng chnh cc quc gia . Khng nh trn s c p dng k c khi ch dn v xut x tht ca ru vang hoc ru mnh c nu, hoc ch dn a l c s dng di dng dch hoc c s dng km theo
liquors. They must have an alcoholic strength of 45% vol or less. The liquor must be less than 36% vol in case distilled by a continuous still, the definition of which is as follows: a machine that removes fusel oil, aldehyde and other impurities during the process of continuous distillation. The definition of the type of sugar which can be added is given by government ordinances. In case produced by adding substances other than water, the extract of the product ought to be less than 2g/100 ml.

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cc t nh loi, kiu, dng, phng theo hoc nhng t tng t nh vy. C th thy quy nh v bo h ch dn a l i vi ru vang v ru mnh ca Nht Bn nh hng kh nhiu t iu 23 ca Hip nh TRIPS: Mi Thnh vin phi quy nh nhng bin php php l cc bn lin quan ngn nga vic s dng mt ch dn a l ca cc ru vang cho nhng loi ru vang khng bt ngun t lnh th tng ng vi ch dn a l hoc s dng ch dn a l ca ru mnh cho nhng loi ru mnh khng bt ngun t lnh th tng ng vi ch dn a l , k c trng hp c nu ch dn v xut x tht ca hng ho hoc ch dn a l c s dng di dng dch hoc c s dng km theo cc t nh "loi", "kiu", "dng", "phng theo" hoc nhng t tng t nh vy. Lut S hu tr tu Vit Nam cng quy nh ch dn a l ch c bo h nu p ng hai iu kin: sn phm mang ch dn a l c ngun gc a l t khu vc, a phng, vng lnh th hoc nc tng ng vi ch dn a l sn phm mang ch dn a l c danh ting, cht lng hoc nc tng ng vi ch dn a l quyt nh c hai iu lut u cp n sn phm c ngun gc t khu vc, a phng, vng lnh th hoc nc tng ng vi ch dn a l. Vy nn hiu cm t ny nh th no? Mt sn phm mang ch dn a l c ngun gc a l t khu vc, a phng, vng lnh th hoc nc tng ng nu sn phm c sn xut t khu vc, a phng, vng lnh th hoc nc . Tc l tt c cc khu to nn sn phm u c thc hin ti ni m sn phm mang ch dn a l. Bi i tng bo h trong lut Vit Nam c phm vi rng hn nn cn c th xc nh ngun gc ca hng ha theo hai trng hp:

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 i vi sn phm mang ch dn a l to ra t ngnh ngh truyn thng m khng phi l lng thc sn phm v d nh gm Bt Trng. Cht lng c tnh ring bit ca sn phm gm Bt Trng khng nhng c to nn bi nguyn liu ca a phng, m cn c k thut quy trnh ch to ca ngi dn a phng . Nn d c mang nguyn liu t lng Bt Trng i ni khc sn xut th sn phm cng khng c cht lng nh sn xut ti Bt Trng. V th sn phm c coi l gm Bt Trng khi tt c cc cng on lm ra t sn phm din ra Bt Trng. i vi sn phm mang ch dn a l to ra t ngnh ngh truyn thng l lng thc thc phm v d nh nc mm Ph Quc: Nu nguyn liu l c cm c ngi dn o Ph Quc nh bt bng phng php truyn thng, quy trnh ch bin c ngi dn o Ph Quc nh bt bng phng php truyn thng, quy trnh ch bin ra nc mm u c thc hin bi ngi dn trn o theo ng quy trnh truyn thng th cho d vic ng chai, dn nhn c thc hin u th sn phm vn c coi l nc mm Ph Quc. Nh vy d mt s cng on c thc hin ni khc nhng nhng cng on to nn c tnh ring bit ca sn phm c thc hin ni sn phm mang ch dn a l th sn phm vn c xem l c ngun gc t ni . Mt vn na l khu vc, a phng, vng lnh th c ch dn c xc nh nh th no? Theo iu 83 Lut S hu tr tu 2005 ca Vit Nam th khu vc mang ch dn a l c ranh gii c xc nh mt cch chnh xc bng t ng v bn . Vn ny c th hiu theo nhiu cch, tuy nhin ch c coi l c mi lin h gia sn phm v iu kin a l nu sn phm c ba yu t danh ting, cht lng v c tnh ch yu l cch xc nh khu vc a l m cc tiu chun bo h ch dn a l ca Nht Bn cng p dng. Trong mt s trng hp ch dn a l s khng c hiu lc:
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 trong trng hp ti ni m mt ch dn a l c bit ca mt thnh vin thuc WTO xc nh ru vang hoc ru mnh c s dng lnh th ca thnh vin t nht l 10 nm k t trc ngy 15/04/1994 hoc l ngy c tin l trc thi im ; trong trng hp mt ch dn a l khng c hoc b ngng bo h quc gia xut x hoc dn khng c s dng ti quc gia ; Nhn chung, cc quy nh v bo h ch dn a l ca Vit Nam do c iu lut c th nn chi tit v quy nh r rng hn nhiu so vi Nht Bn. Xm phm quyn Mi hnh vi s dng ch dn a l mt cch tri php u b ngn cm. S dng c nh ngha bi cc hnh vi thc hin bi ngi sn xut hoc ngi bn di y: hnh vi gn ch dn a l ln container hoc cc kin ru hnh vi chuyn nhng, giao hng, trng by nhm mc ch chuyn nhng hoc giao hng hoc nhp khu cc container hay kin hng m trn c ch dn a l hnh vi trng by hoc phn phi cc t qung co, danh sch d k gi hoc giy t giao dch cho nhng loi ru mnh m trn c gn ch dn a l T nhng v vic c dn trn c th rt ra c mt s nhn xt nh sau: th nht, cc v vic trn u xm phm cc nguyn tc bo h ch dn a l v c bit u l nhng hnh vi cnh tranh khng lnh mnh th hai, ngi Nht Bn kh xem nh vn ch dn a l, cc v vic thng c che giu trong mt thi gian di, em li li nhun ng k ri mi b pht gic, khng ch th phm vi hot ng li kh rng ri ch khng ch b hp mt khu vc nht nh. Qua y thy nhn thc v vn bo
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h ch dn a l ca ngi Nht Bn cn rt m h, h thng cho rng nhng v la o nh trn mang tnh cht dn s cn c truy t vi cnh st hn l nh gi di gc v s hu tr tu v bn thn ngi tiu dng l i tng chu thit. th ba, s phi hp gia cc cc, ban ngnh cha pht huy hiu qu nhanh chng gii quyt sai phm Vi lut Vit Nam, tt c cc hnh vi gy nhm ln v ngun gc a l, xm phm quyn bo h ch dn a l ca cc sn phm c ng k bo h u b coi l xm phm quyn s hu tr tu v d nh hnh vi nhiu c s sn xut hng nhi, hng gi vn in trn bao b sn phm tn v k hiu gy nhm ln ngun gc sn phm vi sn phm ni ting nh bi oan Hng, nc mm Phan Thit, vi thiu Lc Ngn Di y xin lit k nhng hnh vi b coi l xm phm quyn i vi ch dn a l: s dng ch dn a l c bo h cho sn phm khng p ng tiu chun v tnh cht, cht lng c th ca sn phm mang ch dn a l cho d c ngun gc xut x t khu vc a l mang ch dn s dng ch dn a l c bo h cho sn phm tng t nhm mc ch li dng danh ting, uy tn ca ch dn a l s dng bt k du hiu no trng hoc tng t vi ch dn a l cho hng ho khng c ngun gc t khu vc a l mang ch dn a l, lm hiu sai l hng ho c ngun gc t khu vc a l s dng ch dn a l c bo h i vi ru vang, ru mnh khng c xut x t khu vc a l tng ng vi ch dn a l , k c trng hp c nu ch dn v ngun gc xut x tht ca hng ho hoc ch dn a l c s dng di dng nh ngha, phin m hoc c s dng km theo cho tng loi, kiu, dng, phng theo hoc nhng t tng t nh vy

28

Ba v vic qut gi mo, Toto Industries v bnh nhn tht Kobe nu nu x l theo lut Vit Nam th chc chn xm phm khng ch quyn i vi ch dn a l (iu 129.3b, 129.3c) m cn l hnh vi cnh tranh khng lnh mnh (iu 130.1a, 130.1b).

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KT LUN

T vic tm hiu v phn tch mt s case-study v hnh vi xm phm quyn i vi ch dn a l, c th thy rng bo h ch dn a l vn cn l mt vn rt m h vi ngi Nht. V cha c tm nhn thc ng n, nh gi ng mc tm quan trng ca vn nn ch dn a l cha c xem trng v t dn ng cho cc hnh vi sai phm lin tip din ra. Thit ngh vi mt cng quc kinh t nh Nht Bn vi tim nng v v th vng mnh v mi mt kinh t, x hi, an ninh quc phng th vic cng c h thng lut php cht ch l mt iu rt cn thit. Bi hng ha c xut x t Nht Bn thng rt c tin tng v a chung, do gi vng nim tin ca ngi tiu dng vi hng ha Nht Bn th nhng hnh vi la o, phm php nhm lm gim uy tn nn c hn ch cng sm cng tt. V vy Nht Bn nn c mt s nhn thc r rng v tm quan trng ca ch dn a l v sm ban hnh lut bo h ch dn a l. Trc ht y l mt vn rt c coi trng cc nc trn th gii nhng hn th na mt khung lut php c nh s gip nh hnh li thng hiu ca cc sn phm v doanh nghip trong nc v gim bt thit hi cho ngi tiu dng.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

Ti liu ting Vit o Lut S hu tr tu Vit nam 2005 o Hip nh TRIPS Ti liu nc ngoi o Japanese Law: An overview Masaki Abe & Luke Nottage o Protection of Trademarks for Geographical Indications and Geographic Terms Japan Patent Office o Intellectual Property Policies for the Twenty-First Century: The Japanese Experience in Wealth Creation (2000) Hisamitsu Arai o Intellectual Property Rights in Japan (2003) Asahi Koma Law Offices o Standard for Indication in relation to Geographical Indications (Notification No. 4 of National Tax Agency of December 28, 1994) o Japanese Antitrust Law and the competitive mix Andrew R. Dick o Unfair Competition Prevention Act, Act No.47 of 1993 o The Protection of Geographical Indications in Japan Professor Junichi Eguchi, Kyoto University

Mt s trang web tham kho http://thanhtra.most.gov.vn/vi/cac-bai-nghien-cuu-shtt/so-huu-tri-tue-trongboi-canh-hoi-nhap-kinh-te-quoc-te/

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