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CC BI TON TRONG TAM GIC

QUA CC K THI I HC
Bi ton 1.(H Dc HN - A1999) Tam gic ABC tho: Chng minh tam gic ABC u. Li gii. Cch 1.

a cos A + b cos B + c cos C 1 = . a+b+c 2

a cos A + b cos B + c cos C 1 = sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = sinA + sinB + sinC a+b+c 2 A B C A B C sinAsinBsinC = cos cos cos 8sin sin sin = 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 A B C A A BC B+C 2 4sin cos 4 cos sin + 1 = 0 cos = 1 4sin 2 2 2 2 2 2 BC 2 cos 2 = 1 A BC 2 B C 2sin cos B = C, A = . =0 + 1 cos 3 2 2 2 sin A = 1 2 2

Cch 2.

a cos A + b cos B + c cos C 1 = sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = sinA + sinB + sinC a+b+c 2 C A B C A B sinAsinBsinC = cos cos cos 8sin sin sin = 1(1) 2 2 2 2 2 2 C A B 1. Du ng Ta chng minh rng trong mi tam gic ABC: 8sin sin sin 2 2 2

thc xy ra khi ch khi A = B = C. Tht vy: 8sin


C A B A B C B+C sin sin 1 4sin cos cos 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2

A B C A A BC 2 B C 4sin 4 cos sin + 1 0 2sin cos 0 + 1 cos 2 2 2 2 2 2 BC cos 2 = 1 Du ng thc xy ra ch khi B = C, A = . 3 sin A = 1 2 2

Cch 3.

a cos A + b cos B + c cos C 1 = sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = sinA + sinB + sinC a+b+c 2 Ta chng minh sin2A + sin2B + sin2C sinA + sinB + sinC (2)

Du ng thc xy ra ch khi A = B = C. Tht vy: sin2A + sin2B = 2sin(A + B)cos(A - B) = 2sinCcos(A - B) 2sinC Du ng thc xy ra ch khi cos(A - B) = 1 A = B. Tng t : sin2B + sin2C 2sinA Du ng thc xy ra ch khi cos(A - B) = 1 B = C. sin2C + sin2A 2sinB Du ng thc xy ra ch khi cos(A - B) = 1 C = A. Cch 4. p dng nh l chiu: a = bcosC + ccosB
a cos A + b cos B + c cos C 1 = a+b+c 2

2(acossA+bcosB +ccosC) = bcosC+ccosB+ccosA+acosC+ acosB + bcosA a(cosA - cosB) + b(cosB - cosC) + c(cosC - cosA) + a(cosC - cosA) +

+ b(cosB - cosA) + c(cosC - cosB) = 0 (a - b)( cosA - cosB) + (b - c) (cosB - cosC) + (c - a) (cosC - cosA) = 0.
(a b)(cos A cos B) = 0 (b c)(cos B cos C ) = 0 a = b = c (c a)(cos C cos A) = 0

2 2 2 4 2 2 C A B C sinA + sinB + sinC = 2 cos cos + sin C 2 cos + sin C 2 + 1 2 2 2

Bi ton 2.(HQG HN - A1999) Trong tam gic ABC. Chng minh rng nu: cos2A + cos2B + cos2C - 1 th : sinA + sinB + sinC 1 + 2 Li gii. cos2A + cos2B + cos2C - 1 - 1 - 4cosAcosBcosC - 1 4cosAcosBcosC 0 ABC khng nhn. C C 2 Gi s C ln nht. Suy ra C < < cos

Bi ton 3.(H Vinh - B1999) Chng minh rng nu tam gic ABC tho :
sin B + sin C = 2sin A th tam gic ABC u. tan B + tan C = 2 tan A

Li gii. sinB + sinC = 2sinA 2 cos cos


cos 2
A 2

BC A 1+cos(B - C) = 4(1 - cosA) (1) = 4sin 2 2 2 sin( B + C ) sin A cosA = 2cosBcosC tanB + tanC = 2tanA =2 cos B cos C cos A cosA = cos(B + C) + cos(B - C) 2cosA = cos(B - C) (2) T (1) v (2) suy ra cosA = 1/2, cos(B - C) = 1 B = C, A = 600.

B C A A = 4sin cos 2 2 2

Bi ton 4.(HThu Li - A1999) Tam gic ABC tho 2cosAsinBsinC + 3 (sinA + cosB + cosC) = 17/4 Hi tam gic ABC c tnh cht g? Chng minh. Li gii. rng cosA = 2cosAsinBsinC = sin2B + sin2C - sin2A (GT) sin2B + sin2C - sin2A + 3 (sinA + cosB + cosC) = 17/4 1 - cos2B + 1 - cos2C - sin2A + 3 (sinA + cosB + cosC) = 17/4
3 3 3 cos B + cos C + sin A =0 2 2 2 3 cos B = cos C = sin A = . Suy ra: B = C = 300, A = 1200. 2
2 2 2

b 2 + c 2 a 2 sin 2 B + sin 2 C sin 2 A = . Suy ra: 2bc 2sin B sin C

Bi ton 5.(H&C- 2002- TK1) Gi x, y, z l cc khong cch t im M thuc min trong tam gic ABC c ba gc nhn n cc cnh BC, CA, AB. Chng minh:
x+ y+ z a 2 + b2 + c2 ; a, b, c l cc cnh , R l 2R

bn knh ng trn ngoi tip. Du = xy ra khi no? Li gii. Ta c :


a 2 + b2 + c2 a b c = a. + b. + c. = asinA + bsinB + csinC 2R 2R 2R 2R 2S 2S 2S a b c = a. + b. + c. = 2 S ( + + ) = bc ca ab bc ca ab a b c 1 b c 1 c a 1 a b = (ax + by + cz )( + + ) = (ax + by + cz )[ ( + ) + ( + ) + ( + )] bc ca ab 2a c b 2b a c 2c b a 1 1 1 (ax + by + cz )( + + ) ( x + y + z )2 a b c
2

Ch :
1 1 1 + by . + cz . i) Bt cui c c do: ( x + y + z ) = ax . a b c a b c 1 1 1 ii) C th chng minh: + + + + nh sau: bc ca ab a b c a b c 1 a b 1 b c 1 c a + + = ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + ) bc ca ab 2 bc ca 2 ca ab 2 ab bc
2

ii) C th gii bi ton nhanh hn:


x+ y+ z=
ax . 1 + a by . 1 + b cz . 1 c

1 1 1 + + (ax + by + cz ) = a b c

= + + .2S = + + . = 2R 2R a b c a b c 2R Bi ton 6. (H&C- 2002- TK2) Xt tam gic ABC c AB = c, BC = a, CA = b. Tnh din tch tam gic bit rng: bsinC(b.cosC + c.cosB) = 20 Li gii. bsinC(b.cosC + c.cosB) = 20 4R2sinB.sinC(sinBcosC + sinCcosB) = 20 4R2sinB.sinCsinA = 20 2.S = 20 ( S = 2R2sinB.sinCsinA) Cch 2: p dng nh l chiu b.cosC + c.cosB = a bsinC(b.cosC + c.cosB) = 20 absinC = 20 2S = 20. Bi ton 7. (H&C- 2002- TK4) Gi A, B, C l ba gc ca tam gic ABC. Chng minh tam gic ABC u th iu kin cn v l:
cos 2 A B C 1 A-B B-C C-A + cos 2 + cos 2 - 2 = cos cos cos 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 cos 2

1 abc

ab + bc + ca

a 2 + b2 + c2

Li gii.
A B C 1 A-B B-C C-A + cos 2 + cos 2 - 2 = cos cos cos 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 A-B B-C C-A 2(3 + cosA + cosB + cosC) - 8 = cos cos cos 2 2 2 A-B B-C C-A 2(cosA + cosB + cosC - 1) = cos cos cos 2 2 2 A B C A-B B-C C-A 8sin sin sin = cos cos cos 2 2 2 2 2 2 8sinAsinBsinC = (sinA + sinB)(sinB + sinC)(sinC + sinA) sinA = sinB = sinC

Bi ton 8. (H&C- 2002- TK6) Cho tam gic ABC c din tch bng 3/2. Gi a, b, c ln lt l di cc cnh BC, CA, AB v ha, hb, hc tng ng l di cc ng cao k t cc nh A,
B, C ca tam gic. Chng minh: + + + + 3. . a b c ha hb hc Li gii. 1 1 1

1 a = ha 2S 1 1 1 1 + + = Suy ra: (a + b + c) 2S ha hb hc

rng aha = 2S

Bi ton 9. (H&C- A2003- TK2)

4 p( p a) bc Tnh cc gc ca tam gic ABC bit rng: A B C 2 3 3 sin sin sin = 2 2 2 8 a+b+c trong BC = a, CA = b, Ab = c, p = . 2

Li gii.
(1) 4 p( p a) bc A B C 2 3 3 (2) sin sin sin = 2 2 8 2 (b + c) 2 a 2 2bc(1 + cos A) a+b+c b+ca (1) 4. bc 1 1 bc 2 2 bc A A 3 A 3 cos 2 1/4 sin 2 sin 2 2 2 2 4 A B 1 A B C B+C C ) VT(2) = sin sin sin = sin ( cos cos 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 A A 1 A 1 1 sin ( 1 sin ) = (sin ) 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2
2 1 1 3 1 2 3 3 1 1 A 1 = - sin 2 2 = 8 2 8 2 8 2 2

BC =1 cos 2 A = 1200, B = C = 300. Du = khi ch khi: sin A = 3 2 2

Bi ton 10. (H&C- D2003- TK1) Tm cc gc A, B, C ca tam gic ABC biu thc: Q = sin2A + sin2B - sin2C t gi tr nh nht. Li gii. Ta c Q =
1 1 2 2 (1 cos 2 A) + (1 cos 2 B ) - - sin C = 1 - cos(A+B)cos(A-B) - sin C 2 2 1 1 2 = 1 + cosCcos(A-B) - sin2C = [ cos C + cos( A B )] cos 2 ( A B) 4 4 cos( A B ) = 1 1 minQ = - khi ch khi A = B = 300, C = 1200. 1 4 cos C = 2

Bi ton 11. (H&C- D2003- TK2) Xc nh dng tam gic ABC bit rng: (p - a)sin2A + (p - b)sin2B = csinAsinB Li gii.

(p - a)sin2A + (p - b)sin2B = csinAsinB (p - a)a2 + (p - b)b2 = abc

( p a)a ( p b)b p( p a) p ( p b) + =1 .a + .b = p bc ca bc ca (b + c) 2 a 2 (a + c)2 b 2 .a + .b = p a(1 + cosA) + b(1 + cosB) = a + b + c bc ca acosA + bcosB = c sin2A + sin2B = 2sinC sin(A - B) = 1.

Bi ton 12. (H&C- A2004) Cho tam gic ABC khng t, tho mn iu kin: cos2A + 2 2 cosB + 2 2 cosC = 3. Tnh cc gc ca tam gic. Li gii. Cch 1. t M = cos2A + 2 2 cosB + 2 2 cosC - 3 = 2cos2A - 1 + 2 2 .2cos

B+C B C cos 2 2 A B C A - 4 2cos2A + 4 2 .sin - 4 = 2cos2A + 4 2 .sin cos 2 2 2 A 2cosA + 4 2 .sin - 4 2 A A A = 2(1 - 2sin2 ) + 4 2 .sin - 4 = - 2( 2 .sin - 1)2 0 2 2 2 cos 2 A = cos A B C 0 0 M = 0 cos = 1 A = 90 , B = C = 45 . 2 A 1 sin 2 = 2

Cch 2. T gi thit suy ra: cos2A + 2 2 cosB + 2 2 cosC - 3 = 0


B+C B C cos -3=0 2 2 A B C sin2A - 2 2 sin cos +1=0 2 2

1 - 2sin2A + 4 2 cos

V tam gic ABC khng t nn 0 < A/2 /4. Suy ra sin Do : sinA = 2 sin

A A > 0, cos 2 /2 2 2

A A A cos 2 sin 2 2 2 A B C A A B C 0 = sin2A - 2 2 sin cos + 1 2sin2 - 2 2 sin cos +1 2 2 2 2 2

A B C 2 BC 2 sin cos 0 + 1 cos 2 2 2 B C A cos = 1 v sin = 1/ 2 . 2 2

Cch 3.
B+C B C A A M = 2cos A - 1 + 4 2 cos cos - 3 2 1 2sin 2 4 2 sin - 4 2 2 2 2 A 2 = 8t4 - 8t2 + 4 2 t - 2, t = sin (0; ] 2 2 2 t g(t) = 8t4 - 8t2 + 4 2 t - 2, t (0; ] 2 6 (do t > 0) Suy ra: g'(t) = 32t3 - 16t + 4 2 , g"(t) = 96t2 - 16 = 0 t = 6
2
2

S bin thin ca g(t): T : ming'(t) = g'( 6 /6) = - 16 6 /9 + 4 > 0. Suy ra g(t) ng bin trn
(0; 2 ] g(t) g( 2 /2) = 0. Vy M 0. 2 B C A = 1 v sin = 1/ 2 . M = 0 cos 2 2

Cch 4. T mt im trong tam gic ABC v cc vc t n v hng ra ngoi v vung gc cc cnh BC, CA, AB ln lt l e1 , e2 , e3 . Xt bnh phng v hng: 0 (2 e1 + 2 e2 + 2 e3 )2 = 8 - 4 2 coC - 4 2 coB - 4cosA
2cosA + 2 2 coC + 2 2 coB 4 2cosA - 1 + 2 2 coC + 2 2 coB 3 Ta c 2cos2A - 1 2cosA - 1 Nn 2cos2A - 1 + 2 2 coC + 2 2 coB 2cosA - 1 + 2 2 coC + 2 2 coB 3 cosA + 2 2 coC + 2 2 coB 3 2 cos A = 0 cos A = cosA (0 < A ) 2 Du = khi ch khi e2 2 = (2e1 + 2 e3 ) 2e + 2 e + 2 e = 0 2 3 1 A = 900 A = 900 2 = 6 4 2 cos B 2 = 6 + 4 2 e1.e3

Cch 5. cos2A + 2 2 cosB + 2 2 cosC - 3 = 0 cos2A = - 2 2 cosB - 2 2 cosC +3

cos2A + 2cos2B + 2cos2C = 2cos2B - 2 2 cosB + 2cos2C - 2 2 cosC +3 cos2A + 1 + cos2B + 1 + cos2C = ( 2 cosB - 1)2 + ( 2 cosC - 1)2 + 1 2 - 1 - 4cosA cosB cosC = ( 2 cosB - 1)2 + ( 2 cosC - 1)2 + 1 - 4cosA cosB cosC = ( 2 cosB - 1)2 + ( 2 cosC - 1)2 - 4cosA cosB cosC 0 ( ABC khng t) Suy ra: ( 2 cosB - 1)2 + ( 2 cosC - 1)2 - 4cosA cosB cosC 0 2 cos B = 2 cos C = 1 cos A cos B cos C = 0

Bi ton 13. (C Y T Ngh An - 2004) Chng minh rng vi mi tam gic ABC ta lun c: cos2A + cos2B + cos2C = 1 - 2 cosAcosBcosC Li gii. Cch 1. cos2A + cos2B + cos2C =

= 1 + cos(A+B)cos(A-B) + cos2C = 1 - cosC[cos(A-B) - cosC] = = 1 - cosC[cos(A-B) + cos(A+B)] = 1 - 2 cosAcosBcosC Cch 2. 1 - 2 cosAcosBcosC = 1 - cosC[cos(A-B) + cos(A+B)] = 1 - cosC[cos(A-B) - cosC] = 1 + cos(A+B)cos(A-B) + cos2C = =1+ = cos2A + cos2B + cos2C. Bi ton 14. (CSP Hi Dng - B2005) Chng minh rng tam gic ABC cn. Li gii. sinC = 2sinBsinAtan

1 + cos 2 A 1 + cos 2 B + + cos2C = 2 2

1 1 1 (cos2A + cos2B) + cos2C = 1+ (2cos2A - 1) + (2cos2B - 1) = 2 2 2

Cho tam gic ABC c cc gc A, B, C tho sinC = 2sinBsinAtan .

C 2

C C C cos 2 = sin A sin B 2 cos 2 = cos( A B ) + cos C 2 2 2

cos(A-B) = 1 A - B = 0.

Bi ton 15. (B Quc phng- A2005) Chng minh rng nu tam gic ABC tho mn iu kin tam gic ABC l tam gic vung. Li gii.
1 a 1+ cosA sinA + cotA = = sinA c-b sinA sinB - sinC A A A 2 cos 2 2sin cos 2 = 2 2 sin A = sin B C A + C = B B = A A A BC 2 2 2 2sin cos 2sin sin 2 2 2 2 1 a th + cotA = sinA c-b

Bi ton 16. (CKTKTHi Dng -A2005)

Cc gc ca tam gic ABC tho mn iu kin : sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 3(cos2A + cos2B + cos2C) Chng minh rng tam gic ABC u. Li gii. sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 3(cos2A + cos2B + cos2C)
sin2A + sin2B + sin2C =

9 1 cos 2 A 1 cos 2 B 9 + + sin 2 C = 2 2 4 4 9 1 + cos(A - B) cosC + 1 - cos2C = 4 2 4cos C - 4cos(A - B)cosC + 1 = 0 [2cosC - cos(A - B)]2 + 1- cos2(A - B) = 0 2 cos C cos( A B) = 0 A = B, C = 6 cos( A B) = 1

Bi ton 17. Tam gic ABC tho (1 - cosA)(1 - cosB)(1 - cosC) = cosAcosBcosC Chng minh tam gic ABC u. Li gii. rng 1 - cosA > 0, 1 - cosB > 0, 1 - cosC > 0. Suy ra cosAcosBcosC > 0 (GT)

C 1 cos A 1 cos B 1 cos C A B . . = 1 . t x = tan , y = tan , z = tan cos A cos B cos C 2 2 2 2y 1 1 cos A 1 cos B 1 cos C 2x 2z . . = =1 . . xyz cos A cos B cos C 1 x2 1 y 2 1 z 2 C A B tanA.tanB.tanC = cot cot cot 2 2 2 C A B tanA + tanB + tanC = cot + cot + cot (1) 2 2 2 C A B Ta chng minh tanA + tanB + tanC cot + cot + cot . Du ng thc xy 2 2 2

ra ch khi A = B = C. Tht vy: tanA + tanB =


sin C 2sin C 2sin C C = 2 cot . = cos A cos B cos( A + B) + cos( A B) 1 cos C 2

Du ng thc khi ch khi A = B Tng t: tanB + tanC 2 cot tanC + tanA 2 cot
A . Du ng thc khi ch khi B = C 2

B . Du ng thc khi ch khi C = A 2 C A B Suy ra: tanA + tanB + tanC cot + cot + cot . 2 2 2

Du ng thc xy ra ch khi A = B = C. BI TP LM THM Bi ton 18.


A A A tan 2 tan 2 2 + 2 + 2 = 18 Tam gic ABC nhn tho A A A sin sin sin 2 2 2 tan 2

Chng minh tam gic ABC u. Li gii.


A C B tan 2 tan 2 2 + 2 + 2 Cch 1. Ta chng minh A C B sin sin sin 2 2 2 tan 2 18. Du ng thc xy ra

ch khi A = B = C. Tht vy:


(a + b + c)2 a2 a2 a2 + + vi a, b, c thc v x, y, z thc dng. x+ y+z x x x a b c Du ng thc xy ra ch khi = = x y z A C B 2 tan 2 tan 2 tan 2 2 2 + 2 + 2 ( tan A + tan B + tan C ) (3 3) = 18 A C B A B C 3 sin sin sin sin + sin + sin 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 tan A tan B tan C Du ng thc xy ra ch khi = = v A = B = C . C A B sin sin sin 2 2 2

Ta c

Cch 2. Ta c:

(tgA + tgB + tgC ) tg 2 A tg 2 B tg 2 C + + A B C A B C sin sin sin sin + sin + sin 2 2 2 2 2 2 A B C 3 ; sin + sin + sin V: tgA + tgB + tgC 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 (tgA + tgB + tgC ) 18 P = tg A + tg B + tg 2C 18 . Do : A B C A B C sin sin sin sin + sin + sin 2 2 2 2 2 2
2

tg 2 A tg 2 B tg 2 C A B C (tgA + tgB + tgC )2 + + sin + sin + sin A B C 2 2 2 sin sin sin 2 2 2

P=

10

ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi tam gic ABC u. Bi ton 19. Chng minh rng trong mi tam gic ABC ta c:
x2 + y 2 + z 2 cos B cos A cos C + + ; x, y, z > 0. 2 xyz y x z

Li gii.
x2 + y 2 + z 2 cos B cos A cos C + + 2 xyz x y z 2yzcosA + 2xzcosB + 2xycosC x2 + y2 + z2 2yzcosA + 2xzcosB - 2xycos(A + B) x2 + y2 + z2 2yzcosA + 2xzcosB - 2xycosAcosB + 2xysinAsinB x2(sin2B + cos2B) +
(xcosB + cosA - z) + (xsinB - ysinA) 0.
2 2

+ y2(sin2A + cos2A)+ z2

Du ng thc xy ra ch khi
x sin A y = sin B x cos B + y cos A z = 0 x sin B y sin A = 0 z = y sin A cos B + y cos A = y sin C sin B sin B x : y : z = sinA : sinB : sinC.

p dng 1: Tnh cc gc ca tam gic ABC bit rng F = 3 cosA + 3(cosB + cosC) t gi tr ln nht. p dng 2: Tnh cc gc ca tam gic ABC bit rng
1 1 1 5 cosA + cosB + cosC = 3 4 5 12

Bi ton 20. Chng minh rng trong mi tam gic ABC ta c:


1 1 + sin A 1 1 + sin B

2 1 1 + 2+ 3 sin C

Li gii. Trc ht ta chng minh: Vi x, y, z > 0 v x + y + z S.


3 1 1 + 2 + S z 1 1 1 Tht vy: VT = 1 + + + x xy xyz 1 9 9 Mt khc: x x S 1 1 Khi 1 + 1 + y x
2

S x 3 3 xyz

1 27 3 xyz S

11

1 1 27 27 xy 3 3 xyz 3 3 S 3 = S 2
9 27 27 3 Suy ra VT 1 + + 2 + 3 = 1 + S S S S
3

By gi ch cn rng x + y = z = sinA + sinB + sinC 3 3 Bi ton 21. Xc nh cc gc ca tam gic ABC bit rng F = cosAsinBsinC + sinA + Li gii. Ta c F = 1 2sin 2
A A A 2 (cos B + cos C ) = sin B sin C + 2 cos sin + 2 2 2 2
2 (cosB + cosC) t gi tr ln nht. 2

A A 2 A + 2 cos sin + (cos B + cos C ) + sin B sin C 2 2 2 2 A A A cos cos cos A 2 2 2 = 1 = F t max khi ch khi sin = 2 2sin B sin C cos( B C ) + cos A 1 + cos A 2 cos A 2 sinA 1 sinA = 1 A = 900. Khi cos(B - C) = 1 B = C

= -2sinBsinCsin 2

Bi ton 22. Nhn dng tam gic ABC c ba gc tha mn


17 . 14 b 2 + c 2 a 2 sin 2 B + sin 2 C sin 2 A Li gii: Ta c cos A = = 2 cos A sin B sin C 2bc 2 sin B sin C 17 = sin 2 B + sin 2 C sin 2 A . Do 2 cos A sin B sin C + 3 (sin A + sin B + sin C ) = 14 17 av sin 2 B + sin 2 C sin 2 A + 3 (sin A + sin B + sin C ) = 14 17 2 cos 2 C 3 cos C cos 2 B 3 cos B cos 2 A 3 cos A = 4 2 cos A sin B sin C + 3 (sin A + sin B + sin C ) =

) (

) (
2

3 3 3 cos C = 0 Tam gic cn ti A v + cos B + sin A 2 2 2 2 . A= 3

Bi ton 23. Nhn dng tam gic ABC, bit


1 1 1 + + = 2 + + A B C A B C sin sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin sin 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1

12

HD. p dng bt ng thc BCS ta c


1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + + + A B C 3 2 A 2 B 2 C sin sin sin sin sin sin 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (1) = + + . + + A B C A B C 3 sin sin sin sin sin sin 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 + + 6 (2) Mt khc A B C A B C sin sin sin 3 sin . sin . sin . 2 2 2 2 2 2
2

Thay (2) vo (1) ta c kt qu. Bi ton 24. Tam gic nhn ABC c ba gc tha mn tg 8 A + tg 8 B + tg 8 C = 3tgAtgBtgC , l tam gic g? Li gii. T gi thit 3 gc A,B,C u nhn. Ta c: tgAtgBtgC=tgA+tgB+tgC 33 tgAtgBtgC (tgAtgBtgC )2 27
(tgAtgBtgC ) 27(tgAtgBtgC )
8 6

(tgAtgBtgC) )

3(tgAtgBtgC )

(1)
( 2)

M: tg 8 A + tg 8 B + tg 8 C 33 (tgAtgBtgC ) 8

T (1) v(2) ta c: tg 8 A + tg 8 B + tg 8 C 3tgAtgBtgC . tha mn ton th ng thc xy ra Tam gic ABC u. Bi ton 25. ABC l tam gic bt k. Chng minh rng vi mi s nguyn n 2 ta c :
tg n A B C + tg n + tg n 1 n 2 2 2 3 2 A B C tg + tg + tg 2 2 2

A B C + tg + tg 3 . 2 2 2 A B C Du ng thc xy ra ABC u . T BT c : 3tg + 3tg + 3tg 3 . 2 2 2 A B C R rng : tg , tg , tg > 0 A, B, C (0; ) . 2 2 2 A B C p dng BT cho : a1 = 3tg , a 2 = 3tg , a 3 = 3tg , ta c 2 2 2

Li gii. p dng BT quen thuc : tg

13

A B C A 3tg + 3tg + 3tg 3tg 2 2 2 2 B C A 3 tg + tg + tg 2 2 2

n 1

B + 3tg 2

n 1

C + 3tg 2

n 1

...

T ta thu c BT . Du bng xy ra ABC u .


sin B = Bi 26. Cho tam gic ABC tha mn iu kin sin C =

( (

2 cos C sin A (1) (2)

) 2 cos B ) sin A

, tam

gic trn l tam gic g ? Li gii. Ly (1) (2) sin B sin C = sin A ( cos B cos C ) B = C V nu B < C cosB > cos C
sin B sin C < 0 sin A ( cos B cos C ) > 0

Tng t B > C u dn n sin B sin C sin A(cos B cos C ) . vo (1) , ta c Th


sin B =

2 cos B sin ( B + C ) =

2 cos 2 B 2

( 2 cos B + 1 = 0 (

) 2 cos B + 1)

2 cos B sin 2 B 1 =
2

2 cos B .2 cos B 1 B = 450 , C = 450 . 2

= 0 cos B =

Tam gic vung cn . Bi ton 27. Gi A, B, C l ba gc ca mt tam gic. Chng minh rng tam gic ABC u th iu kin cn v l: cos 2
A B C 1 A B B C CA . + cos 2 + cos 2 2 = cos cos cos 2 2 2 4 2 2 2

A B BC CA . cos cos 2 2 2 A B C A B B C CA .(1) 8sin sin sin = cos cos cos 2 2 2 2 2 2 A B C Nhn hai v cho 8cos cos cos , ta c 2 2 2 (1) 8sin A sin B sin C = ( sin A + sin B )( sin B + sin C )( sin C + sin A ) 2 ( cos A + cos B + cos C 1) = cos

Li gii. Dng cng thc h bc, bi ton tng ng

sin A = sin B = sin C A = B = C ( do BT Cauchy). 4 p( p a) bc Bi ton 28. Tnh cc gc tam gic ABC, bit rng A B C 2 3 3 sin sin sin = 2 2 8 2 1 HD. Ta c 4 p ( p a ) bc cos A A 1200 . 2

14

sin

A B C 1 B C B+C A 1 A A A 1 1 1 sin sin = cos cos sin 1 sin sin = sin + 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 8


2 0

.
A A 1 1 2 3 3 3 1 (*) Mt khc v A 120 sin sin 600 = sin + 2 2 2 2 2 8 8 A B C 2 3 3 . tha mn yu cu bi ton th BT (*) xy ra Hay sin sin sin 2 2 2 8

ng thc Khi v ch khi


A = 1200 0 B = C = 30

( p a )a ( p b)b p ( p a )a p ( p b)b + =1 + = p (1). bc ac bc ac p( p a)a 1 p ( p b)b 1 Ch = (1 + cos A), = (1 + cos B ) . 2 2 bc ac Do (1) a cos A + b cos B = c A = B . Bi 10. Tam gic ABC c ba gc tha 3 ( cos B + 2sin C ) + 4 ( sin B + 2cos C ) = 15 l

Bi ton 29. Xc nh dng ca tam gic ABC, bit rng ( p a)sin 2 A + ( p b) sin 2 B = c.sin A.sin B . HD. Dng nh l hm sin ta c bi ton tng ng

tam gic g? Li gii. Bi ton tng ng (3cosB + 4sinB) + (8cosC + 6sinC) = 15. p dng bt ng thc BCS trong tng du ngoc , suy ra kt qu. ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi
cos B s inB 3 = 4 cos B = sin C A= . 2 sin B = cos C cos C = sin C 8 6

Bi ton 30 .Nhn dng tam gic ABC, bit


1 1 1 1 + + = sin 2 A sin 2 B sin 2C 2 cos A cos sB cos sC

Li gii. Ta c
2 1 1 2 , , + 2 2 sin 2 A sin 2 B sin 2 A.sin 2 B sin 2 B sin 2C sin 2 B.sin 2C 1 1 2 .Do + 2 2 sin 2 A sin 2C sin 2 A.sin 2C 1 1 1 1 1 1 = + + + + sin 2 A sin 2 B sin 2C sin 2 A.sin 2 B sin 2 B.sin 2C sin 2 A.sin 2C sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2C 1 = sin 2 sin 2 B sin 2C 2 cos A cos sB cos sC
2

1
2

15

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