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----------

LUN VN Ti: Vn ng gii ta khng n b lm

cng trnh giao thng

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Mc lc
LI NI U...................................................................................................................................3 Phn I.................................................................................................................................................4 Chng I: ..........................................................................................................................................4 I. Nhim v v mc tiu ca bi ton................................................................................................5 II. Kho st bi ton...........................................................................................................................5 Chng II:........................................................................................................................................10 II. Cng c pht trin.......................................................................................................................11 III. Tng quan l thuyt...................................................................................................................12 IV. Tnh hnh hin trng ca khch sn..........................................................................................14 Chng III: ...............................................................................................................................15 IV. M hnh vt l x l..................................................................................................................38 IPO Chart (IPO: Input - Processing - Output).................................................................................39 Chng V:.......................................................................................................................................48 PHN II...........................................................................................................................................50

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LI NI U
qun trit nguyn tc " HC I I VI HNH ", nhm to iu kin cho sinh vin lm quen vi thc t, c c ci nhn tng hp, gip cho sinh vin chng em hn ch c s b ng khi ra trng, hng nm nh trng t chc cho sinh vin i thc tp ti cc c s theo ni dung ngnh ngh o to. y l iu kin thun li gip chng em pht huy c nng lc bn thn cng nh kh nng p dng l thuyt c trang b trng vo thc t. Cng ngh thng tin c nhng bc pht trin mnh m. My tnh in t khng cn l phng tin qu him m ang ngy mt gn gi vi con ngi. ng trc s bng n thng tin, cc t chc v cc doanh nghip u tm mi bin php xy dng hon thin h thng thng tin ca mnh nhm tin hc ho cc hot ng tc nghip ca n v mnh. Mc hon thin tu thuc vo qu trnh phn tch v thit k h thng. T nhu cu nu trn, trong thi gian thc tp tt nghip em s dng vn kin thc t i ca mnh tm hiu v phn tch bi ton qun l khch sn. N ch mang tnh cht th nghim hc hi, trao i kinh nghim v lm quen vi thc t. ti gm cc phn: Phn I: Tng quan bi ton Phn II: Ci t h thng Kt lun v Hng pht trin Ti liu tham kho Ph lc Tuy rt c gng hc hi da trn kin thc hc v thc t ti khch sn nhng do kh nng v thi gian c hn nn cun bo co ca em khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st. Em knh mong qu Thy c cng bn b thng cm v gp em kp thi lp kn nhng l hng kin thc v chng trnh t hiu qu cao hn. Em xin chn thnh cm n C Nguyn Kim Anh ht lng ch bo em hon thnh n ny. Nha Trang, thng 08 / 2003 Sinh vin thc hin Th Lin

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Phn I

TNG QUAN BI TON

Chng I: NHIM V, MC TIU V KHO ST BI TON

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I. Nhim v v mc tiu ca bi ton

1. Nhim v ca bi ton - Tm hiu c cu t chc ca Khch sn Minh Hong - Tm hiu nhim v v qui trnh thc hin cng vic ti Khch sn - Kho st tnh hnh thc t ca Khch sn - p dng cc kin thc v C s d liu v Phn tch - thit k h thng thng tin qun l xy dng chng trnh qun l Khch sn t ng thc hin mt s cng vic bng my tnh c th thay th mt phn cng vic cho con ngi. 2. Mc tiu ca bi ton Nghin cu v th nghim bi ton Phn tch - Thit k h thng thng tin qun l. T phn tch thit k ci t chng trnh Qun l Khch sn.

II. Kho st bi ton

1. Vi nt v khch sn Minh Hong Khch sn Minh Hong xy dng v s dng vo nm 1996 do ng o Hong Hi lm ch. Khch sn nm ti s 2A C chi - ng - Nha Trang. Do kinh ph c hn nn Khch sn i vo hot ng vi qui m tng i nh. Khch sn gm 5 tng ( tng cng 30 phng). Tng trt gm phng tip tn, phng gim c... Tin snh rng ri, c khun vin u xe. Tng trn cng c li th l c ch ngh mt cho khch, khch c th tr chuyn ti . Khch sn c 3 loi phng, tt c cc phng u c y tin nghi nh: Ti vi, t lnh, Telephone... i ng cn b nhn vin rt nhit tnh v lch s, vui v ch dn cho khch khi khch c yu cu (trong gii hn cho php). Khch sn nm gn mt ng thun tin cho vic i li v chnh l tuyn ng xuyn ra bin. Khch n ngh ti khch sn s cm thy thoi mi v d chu. Khch sn lun lun quan tm nng cp cht lng phc v. Cc qu khch v cc n v c nhu cu khch sn th c th lin h trc tip hoc qua s my: 058.832220. Rt hn hnh c phc v v n tip qu v n khch sn chng ti. 2. C cu t chc ca khch sn S T CHC
GIM C

PHNG TIP TN

PHNG BO V

PHNG PHC V

Gim c Khch sn

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C nhim v qun l trc tip khch sn, mi vn ca khch sn u phi thng qua gim c v gim c c quyn quyt nh tt c mi thng tin x l trong khch sn. Phng tip tn C nhim v hon thnh cng vic ng k, giao phng cho khch v nhn li phng, lp phiu thanh ton v thu tin ca khch, nhn nhng yu cu ca khch, gii thiu v gii p nhng thc mc ca khch. Phng bo v Bo v c nhim v gi xe, khun hnh l v gi gn an ninh trt t trong khch sn. Theo di cc thit b ca khch sn v chu trch nhim v h thng nh sng. Phng phc v Kim tra v dn v sinh phng. Phc v n, ung, git i a n khch bng xe ca khch sn khi khch c yu cu. Ghi vo s thu ca khch: Ngy 20/12/2002 M s: A201 M s: A202 Phng: 201 Phng: 202 Nguyn nh Lp Nguyn Trung Khnh CMND: 125001413 CMND125003534 Ng ng ngha L nh Thi CMND: 125006768 CMND:125006554 Qu qun: Thi Bnh Qu qun: Bc Ninh h h 9 15/12/2002 - 18 20/12/2002 09h 14/12/2002 - 15h 20/12/2002

STT 1 2 3

Ghi vo s dch v PHNG DN NGI DN 205 Thu 201 Qi 101 H

TIME DN 15h 9h30

GHI CH Yu cu khng dn C git i

Ghi vo phiu thanh ton S...........

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PHIU THANH TON TIN H tn khch:................................................ Ngy n.:............................ Gi n :.............. S phng:........................................................ Ngy i: ................................ Gi i: .................. NGY Phng TIN Dch v TNG S TIN

TNG CNG Tng s tin bng ch: KHCH (K) 3. c t bi ton Mt khch sn cn t ng ho trong vic qun l. Sau khi tm hiu, kho st hin trng em nm c nhng thng tin sau: Qun l khch hng: Mi khch hng ca khch sn u c khch sn qun l nhng thng tin sau: H tn, gii tnh, a ch, in thoi_Fax(nu c), E_mail(nu c), s CMND_Passport (hoc cc vn bng khc c hnh), quc tch. Nu khch hng l cng chc th qun l thm cc thng tin sau: Tn c quan, a ch c quan, E_mail c quan. Qun l phng: Cc phng ca khch sn c qun l da vo phng s, loi phng, gi c bn. Khch sn gm c ba loi phng 1, 2, 3 tng ng vi gi nh sau 150.000 , 200.000, 250.000 (trong c 10% VAT). Ngoi ra mi phng cn c trang b cc tin nghi, nn tin nghi cng c qun l theo m tin nghi, tn tin nghi. Cn trang b tin nghi theo phng c qun l da vo phng s v s lng tin nghi trong tng phng. Qun l ng k _ thu phng: Tt c cc thng tin ng k thu phng u c qun l da trn s ng k, h tn khch ng k, ngy n, gi n, ngy i, gi i, s lng ngi ln, s lng tr em v s tin t cc. Qun l thng tin nhn phng: Khch sn qun l nhng thng tin sau: S nhn phng, h tn ngi nhn phng, ngy nhn, gi nhn. Tt c thng tin nhn phng u da vo thng tin ng k thu
...................................................................................................................

Ngy................ thng................ nm................. GIM C (K) TIP TN (K)

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phng khai bo trc . V khch hng c ng k mi c nhn phng theo ng thng tin m khch ng k. Qun l vic tr phng: Da trn thng tin ng k thu phng v thng tin nhn phng, vic tr phng c khch sn qun l cc thng tin sau: S tr phng, ngy tr, gi tr, h tn ngi tr (c th tr phng trc thi hn ng k). Nu khch hng mun gia hn thm thi gian ti khch sn th phi tin hnh lm th tc ng k li. Bn cnh vic tr phng ca khch th khch sn s kim tra li tnh trng phng. Qun l thng tin hu ng k: Cng nh vic qun l cc cng vic trn th vic hu ng k c qun l cc thng tin sau: S hu ng k, ngy hu ng k, gi hu ng k, h tn ngi hu ng k. Qun l nhn vin phc v ti khch sn: Tt c nhng nhn vin lm vic ti khch sn u c qun l cc thng tin sau: H nhn vin, Tn nhn vin, Chc v ca nhn vin. Ngoi ra khch sn cn qun l thng tin v dch v: tn dch v; tin nghi. Ti khch sn c nhiu loi dch v nh: in thoi, n ung, git i, a n khch, chuyn ch cho khch (khi khch yu cu)... Quy trnh qun l: Khi khch hng c nhu cu khch sn th khch hng c th lin h vi khch sn tin hnh lm th tc ng k phng hoc khch hng c th lm th tc thu v nhn phng ( trng hp phng cn trng ). C hai hnh thc lin h: n trc tip, qua in thoi. Khi khch hng lm th tc ng k th khch hng phi khai bo y thng tin v mnh cng nh thng tin v c quan (nu c) khi B phn L tn (BPTL) yu cu. Hu ht khch hng u phi t cc mt s tin nht nh da vo loi phng m mnh ng k. Trng hp cc t chc thu phng th t chc s c i din n khch sn lm th tc ng k. Vic qun l thng tin cc t chc s c qun l nh thng tin c quan hoc cng ty, thng tin v ngi i din s c qun l nh thng tin ca cng chc hay nhn vin ca c quan . Trong thi gian trc ngy nhn phng ti thiu l 1 tun cc khch hng ng k theo on phi gi cho khch sn bng b tr phng ca cc thnh vin khch sn phn b phng cho hp l. Khi khch hng n nhn phng th ngoi s tin t cc, khch hng phi gi cho BPLT CMND_Passport ( hoc cc vn bng c hnh cn thi hn s dng ). BPLT cn c vo kim tra li thng tin khi khch ng k phng. Sau khi kim tra xong BPLT s ch tr li cc vn bng ny khi khch hng lm xong th tc tr phng. Sau BPLT s kim tra li tnh trng phng tin hnh giao phng cho khch. Nu khch khng ng th lm th tc i phng cho khch ( nu cn phng trng ). Trong thi gian khch sn, khch c th s dng cc loi dch v, yu cu phc v. Mi yu cu s do BPLT m nhim v p ng trong phm vi hot ng ca khch sn. Khch hng s

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dng dch v cha thanh ton th B phn dch v s ghi ho n n v chuyn n BPLT tnh vo ho n tng. Sau khi t phng khch c th hu ng k v phi bi thng cho khch sn theo quy nh tho thun. V th tin t cc l phi c trc khi nhn phng. trnh ri ro th s tin t cc phi ln hn hay bng s tin phi bi thng. Tuy nhin trc 7 ngy nhn phng khch hu ng k khng phi bi thng. Khi ht thi hn thu phng nh ng k th khch phi tr phng cho khch sn. Khi khch lm th tc tr phng, BPLT s kim tra li tnh trng phng, tng hp li cc ho n s dng dch v cha thanh ton trong thi gian khch khch sn. sau khi tng hp in ra ho n tng khch thanh ton v tr li CMND_Passport cho khch. Hnh thc thanh ton khch sn ch yu bng tin mt (tin Vit nam_VN). Ghi ch: Gi phng c th thay i theo ma, khch quen v tr em. Nu khch hng l v chng th phi c giy ng k kt hn. Cng vic tin hc ho nhm p ng: 1. Cp nht cc thng tin Danh mc khch hng Danh mc phng Danh mc cc dch v Danh mc nhn vin 2. Xem thng tin v in ra nu cn Danh sch khch hng (DSKH) ti khch sn DSKH ng k thu phng DSKH hu ng k Danh sch phng Danh sch nhn vin Phiu thanh ton tin 3. Tra cu thng tin Khch hng theo tiu ch h tn, phng s Ho n s dng dch v Ho n tin phng

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Chng II: C S L THUYT V CNG C PHT TRIN

I. C s l thuyt
1. Cc khi nim c bn - C s d liu: L mt tp hp cc bng d liu c quan h vi nhau sao cho cu trc ca chng cng nh cc mi quan h bn trong gia chng l tch bit vi chng trnh ng dng bn ngoi, ng thi nhiu ngi dng khc nhau cng nh nhiu ng dng khc nhau c th cng khai thc v chia x mt cch chn lc lc cn. - Thc th: L hnh nh c th ca mt i tng trong h thng thng tin qun l. Mt thc th xc nh Tn v cc thuc tnh. - Thuc tnh: L mt yu t d liu hoc thng tin ca thc th y. - Lp thc th: L cc thc th cng thuc tnh. - Lc quan h: Tp cc thuc tnh ca mt quan h. Lc mt quan h gm cc thuc tnh ca thc th cng vi cc mnh rng buc. VD: Lc mt quan h R = <x, w> = ( A1:D1,A2:D2, .., An :Dn , M) Trong : R l mt lc quan h Ai : tn thuc tnh Di : min xc nh ca thuc tnh M : mnh rng buc Ni dung ca mt lc quan h gi l cc b. - Cc php ton ti thiu: * Tn kim d liu theo tiu chun chn, khng lm thay i trng thi c s d liu. * Thay i cu trc c s d liu. * Thay i ni dung c s d liu. * X l, tnh ton trn c s d liu. 2. Khi nim ph thuc d liu v cc dng chun - Mt thuc tnh gi l ph thuc vo cc thuc tnh khc khi gi tr ca thuc tnh ny ph thuc vo gi tr ca thuc tnh kia. S ph thuc ny c th l gin tip hay trc tip. - Mt quan h bao gi cng c mt nhm thuc tnh m gi tr ca chng qui nh gi tr ca cc thuc tnh khc, nhm thuc tnh gi l kho. - Vi mt quan h tu vo cc ph thuc ca cc thuc tnh vo kho c trong m ta phn chia cc quan h thnh cc dng chun khc nhau. Cc dng chun c bn: * Dng chun 1 * Dng chun 2
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* Dng chun 3 Cc d liu lu tr di dng chun 3 trnh c hin tng d tha d liu, to cho d liu c tnh c lp cao. Cc quan h nu cha dng chun 3 s c phn r thnh cc quan h nh hn c dng chun 3. 3. Khi nim ch dn v kho ch dn c th tm kim thng tin nhanh theo mt tiu chun no chng ta to ra cc thng tin ch dn theo tiu chun . Cc thng tin ch dn l cc thng tin gip ta tm kim d liu nhanh. Cc thng tin ny gi l kho ch dn. Kho ch dn c th l 1 trng hoc nhiu trng trong trng hp ny phi ch ra th t. Vi cch to ra kho theo tiu chun no ta c th tm kim d liu nhanh theo tiu chun . 4. Mc tiu v tnh u vit ca m hnh quan h - Cho mt lc d liu d s dng, m hnh n gin, ngi dng khng cn bit cu trc vt l ca d liu. Tin li cho ngi dng cui khng chuyn tin hc. - Tng cng tnh c lp ca d liu, c bit l c lp vt l. - Cho mt kh nng c mt ngn ng thao tc bc cao. - Ti u vic tm kim d liu trong c s d liu, h qun tr t tm cch truy nhp. - Ci thin nng cao ton vn d liu v bo mt d liu. - C th phc v cho nhiu chng trnh ng dng. - C c s ton hc phong ph chc chn: * L thuyt quan h * Dng chun c bn vng v y thng tin

II. Cng c pht trin

1. La chn cng c Do tnh cht ca c s d liu ca bi ton chng trnh ny s dng ngn ng lp trnh Visual Basic 6.0 trong vic to giao din v chng trnh chnh, kt hp vi Microsoft Access 97 to c s d liu. Chng trnh chy trn nn Win95/ Win98. Visual Basic l ngn ng lp trnh thng dng trn Windows. Visual Basic 6.0 h tr qun l C s d liu v Internet, c bit l qun l c s d liu. Visual Basic c nhiu tnh nng mi. Cc iu khin mi cho php ta vit cc chng trnh ng dng kt hp cc giao din, cch x l v tnh nng ca Office 97 v trnh duyt Web Internet Explorer. Mt khc, khi dng Visual Basic s tit kim thi gian v cng sc so vi cc ngn ng lp trnh khc khi xy dng cng mt ng dng. Visual Basic gn lin vi khi nim lp trnh trc quan (Visual), ngha l khi thit k chng trnh ta nhn thy ngay kt qu qua tng thao tc v giao din khi chng trnh thc hin. y l thun li ln so vi cc ngn ng lp trnh khc, Visual Basic cho php ta chnh sa n gin, nhanh chng v mu sc, kch thc v hnh dng ca cc i tng c mt trong ng dng. Bn cnh , Visual Basic cn h tr tnh nng kt ni mi trng d liu Access, SQL,...Vic lin kt d liu c th thc hin bng nhiu cch. Trong thit k DataEnvironment l mt im mi trong VB 6.0. N dng qun l mt cch trc quan vic kt ni mt c s d liu. Ngha l khi ta c mt thit k DataEnvironment trong ng dng th ta c th qun l tt c cc thng tin gn lin vi kt ni mt ni, ch
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khng phi nh nhng k thut c in nhng thng tin kt ni trong CSDL trong chng trnh. Chng trnh "Qun l khch sn" l chng trnh qun l c s d liu (lu tr, tra cu...) ti khch sn. Do vic dng ngn ng VB 6.0 l thch hp. 2. Mi trng lm vic - H thng my tnh ch yu c s dng hin nay ti cc khch sn l my PC. - a s ngi s dng trn thc t lm quen vi tin hc vi h iu hnh Windows. - H thng chng trnh qun l khch sn s rt tin dng khi chy trn mi trng mng. Tuy nhin n vn c th ci trn my l, p dng vi nhng c s cha ng dng mng my tnh trong qun l.

III. Tng quan l thuyt

y l chng trnh qun l thc hin tin hc ho vo trong lnh vc qun l khch sn m trc y h vn qun l theo li th cng. C s d liu ca bi ton ny c phn tch v thit k theo phng php MERISE (Methode pour Rassembler les Idees Sans Effort: Cc phng php tp hp cc tng khng cn c gng ). - Mt s mt mnh ca phng php Merise l c c s khoa hc vng chc, hin ti n l mt trong nhng phng php phn tch c dng nhiu Php v Chu u khi phi phn tch v thit k cc h thng ln. L phng php dung thit k mt h qun tr c s d liu hon ho t nhng yu cu c bn ban u, gip tng bc cm nhn v hon thnh h thng thng tin mt cch logic. Tuy nhin phng php ny cng c mt s nhc im l cng knh, do gii quyt cc p dng nh , vic p dng phng php ny nhiu lc a n vic ko di thi gian, nng n khng ng c. 1. Phng php phn tch Merise L phng php kho st v thc hin tin hc ho cho cc h thng qun l. c trng ca phng php ny l xem xt, tch bit d liu v x l m bo tnh khch quan trong qu trnh phn tch v cung cp y cc m hnh din t cc bc cp nht. H thng bao gm d liu v x l c biu din ba mc: - Mc quan nim - Mc t chc ( logic ) - Mc vt l * Mc quan nim d liu: L mc cm nhn u tin xc nh h thng thng tin, mc ny cn tr li cu hi: H thng thng tin cn nhng yu t g? Chc nng ra sao? Gm nhng d liu no v qui tc nh th no? * Mc t chc: L mc tng hp cc yu t nhn din mc quan nim. Trong mt tng th vn ng cn phi tr li c cc cu hi: Ai lm? Lm u v khi no? * Mc vt l:

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L mc chi tit. V d liu cn c cc quan h c th, c mt ngn ng lp trnh c th. V x l cn c y cc c t cho tng th tc chng trnh, c s tham kho ngn ng trong chng trnh ny. Bng tm tt cc m hnh s dng biu din cho mc cm nhn theo phng php Merise: Mc m t Quan nim Logic Vt l Cc khi nim s dng D liu X l M hnh quan nim d liu M hnh quan nim x l M hnh logic d liu M hnh logic x l M hnh vt l d liu M hnh vt l x l

2. H qun tr c s d liu Microsoft Access Microsoft Access l mt h qun tr c s d liu tng tc vi ngi s dng chy trn mi trng Windows, n tng thm sc mnh trong cng tc t chc v tm kim thng tin. Cc qui tc kim tra d liu , gi tr mc nh, khun nhp d liu... ca MS Access hon ton p ng yu cu. Kh nng kt ni v cng c truy vn mnh ca n gip ta tm kim thng tin mt cch nhanh chng. 3. Mc ch yu cu ngi s dng a. Nhu cu thc t Trn thc t nhu cu xem xt thng tin v mt vn no ti mt thi im i vi ngi qun l, nh lnh o rt cn thit. Cc thng tin ny l mt trong nhiu phn nh trong h thng d liu y . Cc d liu cn xem xt ch c quan tm theo mt kha cnh no m thi. Ti mi lc cc thng tin m ngi s dng cn bit l rt khc nhau. Thng tin c th l nhn gn hoc y tu thuc vo yu cu c th ca ngi s dng. Vic xem xt theo di cc thng tin ti mt thi im bt k c ngha rt ln. Chng cho php ngi qun l theo di c vic qun l thng xuyn i vi cc nhn vin ang lm vic ti khch sn. b. Bi ton t ra Cho php ngi s dng chn v tra cu thng tin khch hng trong khch sn mt cch thn thin v nhanh chng nht. Cho php ngi s dng c th b sung hoc sa i thng tin khch hng mt cch nhanh chng nu c nhn quyn tng ng nh vy. H thng t ng kim tra v tnh tng cc khon tin dch v v tin phng m khch phi tr khi ngi s dng nhp vo ngy - gi tr phng ng thi h thng in ra phiu thanh ton cho khch. Khi n thu phng th h thng s cho bit danh sch cc phng cn trng v tng loi phng trong khch sn.

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IV. Tnh hnh hin trng ca khch sn

Do gii hn v kinh ph u t cng nh c cu t chc ca khch sn tng i nh nn tt c mi cng vic u thao tc bng tay. Khch sn c mt my tnh ch dng son tho vn bn v in cc mu n, mu phiu thanh ton. Nhng hin ti th my tnh rt t c s dng do cc nhn vin trong khch sn cha lm quen nhiu vi my tnh. Cc nhn vin trong khch sn ch yu ghi chp bng tay, ch c k ton lm nhng cng vic lin quan n my tnh nhng rt hn ch. Khch sn khng s dng my tnh thng xuyn nn Gim c cha c k hoch cho nhn vin i hc thm tin hc ng dng v mua thm my tnh mi. Khch sn c mt my in thoi tng i vi ba line c ni vi in thoi tt c cc phng. ng thi my tng i c ni vi mt my in c tc dng in ra cc cuc gi trong khch sn. Phng tip tn cn c vo y cng vo khon tin thanh ton cho khch khi khch tr phng. Vi bi ton qun l ny ti s vit chng trnh iu khin vic qun l khch sn bng my tnh nhm mc ch gim c ti gian cho nhn vin phng tip tn v c th gim c lng nhn vin lm vic phng ny. Bi ton ch yu xoay quanh cc thng tin phng tip tn, cn cc phng khc do thng tin v cng vic khng nhiu nn khng i su vo tng chi tit. Bi ton qun l Khch sn bng my tnh phn no thay th c mt phn cng vic cho nhn vin phng tip tn ng thi to iu kin gip cho nhn vin trong Khch sn tip xc v lm quen vi my tnh. Thc hin c ch t ng ho trong cc khu qun l bng my tnh. Do vy nhn vin khng phi thc hin cng vic ghi chp m ch lm cng vic gii p thc mc ca khch v nghe in thoi. Chnh v vy gip khch sn gim mt khon tin nht nh chi tr lng v gip cho nhn vin tip tn khng phi vt v nh lm bng tay na ng thi tp lm quen vi my tnh, a tin hc vo ng dng rng ri.

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Chng III: M HNH HO D LIU

1. M hnh quan nim d liu M hnh quan nim d liu l s m t ca h thng thng tin c lp vi cc la chn mi trng ci t, l cng c cho php ngi phn tch th hin d liu ca h thng mc quan nim. M hnh ny cng l c s trao i gia nhng ngi phn tch v ngi yu cu thit k h thng. Nhiu kiu m hnh quan nim d liu c nghin cu, phng php Merise s dng m hnh thc th - mi kt hp, l mt m hnh xut pht t l thuyt c s d liu nn t y c th thit k c c s d liu dng chun cao. Vi bi ton "Qun l khch sn" th m hnh quan nim c m t nh sau: Hnh trang sau:

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M HNH QUAN NIM D LIU

(1,1)
NG K

HU K Ngy hu Gi hu

NHN VIN

(1, n)
NV-DV

TNGHI M TN Tn TN

(1,n)

S K Ngy n Gi n Ngy i Gi i Tin cc SLNL SLTE

M NV Tn NV Chc v NV

(1, n) (1, n) (1, n) SDDV S Ngy SD n gi Tin tr trc (1,n)

DCH V

M DV Tn DV

KHCH HNG

TTHB

S lng

(1,1)

NPHNG (1, n) Ngy nhn Gi nhn

M KH H tn KH Ngy sinh Gii tnh a ch in thoi_Fax E_mail SCMND_PP Quc tch

C QUAN

CNG CHC

M CQ Tn CQ CCQ Thoi_F ax CQ E_mail CQ (1, n)

CCCQ

PHNG

(1, n)
TR PHNG

(1,1)
THANHTON

Chc v
M PTT Ngy TT Gi TT S tin

M P Loi P Gi c_ bn

(1,1)

(1,1)

Ngy tr Gi tr

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2. M hnh t chc d liu M hnh t chc d liu ca h thng l lc c s d liu ca h thng. y l bc trung gian chuyn i gia m hnh quan nim d liu (gn vi ngi s dng) v m hnh vt l d liu (m hnh trong my), chun b cho vic ci t h thng. Cc lc quan h trong m hnh t chc d liu c c t s bin i m hnh quan nim d liu. p dng cc qui tc bin i ta c cc lc quan h ca bi ton: KHCH HNG ( M KH, H Tn KH, Gii tnh, a ch, Ngy sinh, thoi_ Fax,E_mail, CMND_PP, Quc tch ). PHNG ( M P, Loi P, Gi c bn ). TNGHI ( M TN, Tn TN ). TTHB ( M P, M TN, S lng ). DCH V ( M DV, Tn DV ). C QUAN ( M CQ, Tn CQ, CCQ, T_Fax CQ, E_mail CQ ). CNG CHC ( M KH, M CQ, Chc v). NHN VIN ( M NV, Tn NV, Chc v NV ). NG K ( S DK, Ngy DK, M KH, Ngy n, Gi n, Ngy i, Gi i, M P, SLNL, SLTE, Tin t cc ). HUK( S DK, M KH, Ngy hu, Gi hu ). NPHNG ( S DK, M KH, M P, Ngy nhn, Gi nhn ). TR PHNG ( S DK, M KH, Ngy tr, Gi tr ). SDDV(S, S DK, M KH, Ngy s dng, M DV, ngi DV, Tin tr trc ). THANHTOAN(M PTT, M KH, S DK, Ngy TT, Gi TT, S tin, M P) 3. M hnh vt l d liu L m hnh ca d liu c ci t trn my vi tnh di mt h qun tr c s d liu no . ng vi mi lc quan h trong m hnh t chc d liu, d liu c ci t thnh mt tp c s d liu gm cc ct: tn trng, kiu d liu, ln v phn rng buc d liu. Vi bi ton "Qun l khch sn" th m hnh ho d liu c ci t trn my di h qun tr c s d liu "Visual Basic 6.0 kt ni vi Microsoft Access97". ng vi mi lc quan h trong m hnh t chc d liu, d liu c ci t di dng bng_Table nh sau:

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KHCH HNG ( M KH, H Tn KH, Gii tnh, a ch, Ngy sinh, thoi_ Fax,E_mail, CMND_PP, Quc tch ). Field Name M KH (K) H tn KH Ngy sinh Gii tnh a ch thoi_Fax E_mail S CMND_PP Quc tch Data Type Text Text Date/Time Yes / No Text Number Text Text Text Fiel Size 9 30 Short date Yes [Nam];[N] 50 10 30 10 30 Validation Rule Len()=9

M KH: M khch hng= Ngy + Thng + Nm (2 s cui ca nm) + 3 k t l S th t. V d: M KH 010203001 H tn KH Trn Th M Trang Gii tnh No a ch Nha Trang _ Khnh Ho thoi_Fax 813602 E_mail mt2000@Yahoo.com SCMND_PP 225461250 Quc tch Vit Nam PHNG (M P, Loi P, Gi c bn). Field Name Data Type Field Size M P (K) Text 3 Loi P Text 1 Gi c bn Number 6

Validation Rule Len()=3

M P: M phng c 3 k t = STT(lu) +STT(phng) V d: M phng Loi phng Gi c bn 101 1 150000 VN 201 2 200000 VN

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TNGHI (M TN, Tn TN) Field Name M TN (K) Tn TN Data Type Text Text Field Size 2 25 Validation Rule Len()=2

M TN: M tin nghi = S th t tin nghi Tn TN: Tn tin nghi V d M tin nghi 01 02 TTHB (M P, M TN, S lng) Field Name Data Type Field Size M P (K) Text 3 M TN (K) Text 2 S lng Number 2 TTHB: Trang thit b trong phng V d: M phng M tin nghi 101 01 202 02 DCH V (M DV, Tn dch v) Field Name M DV (K) Tn dch v Data Type Text Text Field Size 2 25 Validation Rule Len()=2 Validation Rule Lookup(PHNG) Lookup(TNGHI) Tn tin nghi My lnh T lnh

S lng 5 3

M DV: M dch v gm 2 k t l s th t dch v V d: M dch v 01 02 Tn dch v n Git i

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CQUAN (M CQ, tn CQ, CCQ, thoi _Fax CQ, E_mail CQ) Field Name M CQ (K) Tn CQ CCQ T_Fax CQ E_mail CQ Data Type Text Text Text Number Text Field Size 3 30 50 10 30 Validation Rule Len() =3 Len()=10

M CQ: M c quan l s th t c quan trong vng CCQ: a ch c quan V d: M c quan Tn c quan a ch c quan T_Fax C quan E_mail c quan 001 Cng ty TNHH Sao Mai B Ra - Vng Tu 058867298 Saomai@hcm.vnn.vn

CNG CHC (M CQ, M KH, chc v) Field Name M CQ (K) M KH (K) Chc v Data Type Text Text Text Field Size 3 9 30 Validation Rule Lookup(C QUAN) Lookup(KHACHHANG)

Chc v: cng chc i din cho c quan n thu phng c chc v g V d: M c quan 001 002 M khch hng 150203001 160103002 Chc v Ph phng Tr l

NGK (S DK, ngy DK, M KH, ngy n, gi n, ngy i , gi i, M P, SLNL, SLTE, Tin t cc) S DK: S ng k = Ngy + Thng + Nm(y ) + s th t ng k trong ngy. SLNL: s lng ngi ln

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SLTE: s lng tr em Field Name S DK (K) Ngy ng k M KH (K) Ngy n Gi n Ngy i Gi i M P (K) SLNL SLTE Tin t cc Data Type Text Date/Time Text Date/Time Date/Time Date/Time Date/Time Text Number Number Number Field Size 10 Short date 9 Short date Short date Short date Short date 3 1 1 6 1502200301 15/02/2003 150203001 17/02/2003 8:00 22/02/2003 12:00 101 1 0 150000 Validaion Rule Len()=10 >=Date() Lookup(KHCHHNG) >=Date() >=Ngy n Lookup(PHNG)

V d: S ng k Ngy ng k M khch hng Ngy n Gi n Ngy i Gi i M phng S lng ngi ln S lng tr em Tin t cc

1003200302 10/03/2003 100303002 10/03/2003 10:30 15/03/2003 2:30 202 1 1 200000

V CHNG (M CQ, M KH, GDKKH) Field Name M CQ (K) M KH (K) GDKKH (K) Data Type Text Text Date/Time Field Size 3 9 Validation Rule Lookup(CQUAN) Lookup(KHCHHNG) Nm <1985

GDKKH: Giy ng k kt hn.

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NHN VIN (M NV, Tn NV, Chc v NV) Field Name M NV (K) Tn NV Chc v NV Data Type Text Text Text Field Size 2 7 30 Validation Rule Len()=2

M NV: M nhn vin = s th t ca nhn vin trong khch sn. V d: M nhn vin 01 02 Tn nhn vin H Thm Chc v NV Tip tn Phc v

HUK (S DK, M KH, ngy hu, gi hu) Field Name S DK (K) M KH (K) Ngy hu Gi hu Data Type Text Text Date/Time Date/Time Field Size 11 9 Short date Short date Validation Rule Lookup(NGK) Lookup(KHCHHNG) >=Date()

S hu ng k = S ng k. V d: S hu ng k 12012003001 15022003002 M khch hng 120103001 120103002 Ngy hu 15/02/2003 17/02/2003 Gi hu 10:00 12:00

NPHNG (S DK, M KH, ngy nhn, gi nhn) Field Name S DK (K) M KH (K) Ngy nhn Data Type Text Text Date/Time Field Size 10 9 Validation Rule Lookup(NGK) Lookup(KHCHHNG) >= Ngy ng k
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Gi nhn

Date/Time

NPHNG: Nhn phng t vic ng k phng V d: S mg k M khch hng Ngy nhn 1202200301 120203001 15/02/2003 1502200302 120203002 17/02/2003

Gi nhn 10:00 15:30

SDDV (S, S DK, M KH, Ngy s dng, M DV, M NV, n gi DV, Tin tr trc). Field Name S (K) S DK (K) Ngy s dng M DV (K) M NV (K) n gi DV Tin tr trc M KH (K) Data Type Text Text Date/Time Text Text Number Number Text Field Size 10 10 Short date 2 2 6 6 Short date Validation Rule Lookup(NGK) >=Date() Lookup(DCHV) Lookup(NHNVIN) Lookup(KHCHHNG)

S = Ngy+Thng+Nm+ STT s dng dch v trong ngy. V d: S S ng k M KH Ngy s M n gi dng DV DV 1502200301 15022003001 150203001 15/02/2003 01 100 000 1702200301 17022003002 170203002 17/02/2003 02 200 000 TRPHNG (S DK, M KH, ngy tr, gi tr) Field Name S K (K) M KH (K) Ngy tr Gi tr V d: S ng k 1502200301 1702200302
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Tin tr trc 100 000 0

Data Type Text Text Date/Time Date/Time

Field Size 10 9 Short date Short date

Validation Rule Lookup(NGK) Lookup(KHCHHNG) >=Date()

M khch hng 150203001 170203002

Ngy tr 20/02/2003 22/02/2003

Gi tr 12:00 12:00
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4.T IN D LIU STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 TN TRNG MAKH HOTENKH GIOITINH DIACHI DTHOAI_FAX E_MAIL SOCMNDPP QUOCTICH MANV TENNV MADV TENDV MACQ TENCQ DCCQ DT_FAXCQ E_MAILCQ GDKKH CHUCVU SO NGAYSD DONGIA TIENTTRUOC SODK NGAYDK NGAYDEN GIODEN NGAYDI GIODI SLNL SLTE TIENDATCOC NGAYHUY GIOHUY KIU Text Text Yes/No Text Number Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Number Text Date/Number Text Text Date/Time Number Number Text Date/Time Date/Time Date/Time Date/Time Date/Time Number Number Number Date/Time Date/Time KCH THC 9 40 50 10 30 10 3 2 30 2 7 3 30 50 10 25 30 6 6 11 >=Date() DIN GII M khch hng HTn khch hng Gii tnh a ch in thoi_ Fax E_mail S chng minh nhn dn_Passport Quc tch M nhn vin Tn nhn vin M dch v Tn dch v M c quan Tn c quan a ch c quan in thoi _fax c quan E_mail c quan Giy ng k kt hn Chc v S Ngy s dng n gi Tin tr trc S ng k Ngy ng k Ngy n Gi n Ngy i Gi i S lng ngi ln S lng tr em Tin t cc Ngy hu Gi hu
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1 1 6 >=Date()

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35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47

NGAYNHAN GIONHAN NGAYTRA GIOTRA MATN TENTN SOLUONG MAP LOAIP GIACOBAN NGAYSINH CHUCVUNV SODK

Date/Time Date/Time Date/Time Date/Time Text Text Number Text Text Number Date/Time Text Text

>=Date()

2 25 3 1 6 Short date 30 10

Ngy nhn Gi nhn Ngy tr Gi tr M tin nghi Tn tin nghi S lng M phng Loi phng Gi c bn Ngy sinh Chc v nhn vin S ng k

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Chng IV:M HNH HO X L

Trongmt h thng thng tin bao gm hai thnh phn chnh: D liu v x l d liu. D liu mang sc thi tnh cn x l mang sc thi ng ca h thng.

I. M hnh thng lng

Nhm xcnh cc lung thng tin trao i gia cc b phn trong h thng thng tin qun l. - Tc nhn: L mt ngi hay mt b phn tham gia vo hot ng ca h thng thng tin qun l. C hai loi tc nhn: Tc nhn bn trong h thng gi l tc nhn trong v tc nhn bn ngoi h thng gi l tc nhn ngoi. - Tc nhn trong: c biu din bng mt vng trn, tc nhn ngoi c biu din bng mt hnh ch nht, bn trong ghi tn ca tc nhn. - Thng lng: L dng thng tin truyn gia hai tc nhn, c biu din bng mt mi tn i t tc nhn ny n tc nhn kia.
TC NHN NGOI TC NHN TRONG

M hnh thng lng thng tin ca bi ton ny l ton b cc dng thng lng gia cc tc nhn bn trong h thng. C mt tc nhn ngoi (KHCH HNG) v hai tc nhn trong (B PHN L TN v B PHN DCH V). M hnh thng lng thng tin c th hin nh sau:

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Yu cu ng k phng Tr li yu cu ngk phng Yu cu ng thu phng Tr li yu cu ng thu phng Yu cu nhn phng Tr li yu cu nhn phng Yu cu tr phng Tr li yu cu tr phng Yu cu thanh ton ho n tng Tr li yu cu thanh ton ho n tng B PHN L TN

Tr li yu cu ho n s dng dch v cha thanh ton

Yu cu ho n s dng dch v cha thanh ton

KHCH HNG

Yu cu s dng dch v Tr li yu cu s dng dch v Yu cu thanh ton ho n dch v Tr li yu cu thanh ton ho n B PHN DCH V

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II. M hnh quan nim x l

1. Khi nim M hnh quan nim x l l m hnh nhm xc nh h thng lm nhng cng vic g, chc nng g. Cc chc nng ny c lin h vi nhau nh th no. Ti sao c nhng cng vic ny. Trong m hnh ny tr li cc cu hi WHAT, WHY? 2. Bin c Bin c l mt s kin xy ra cho h thng thng tin, c th xut hin bn trong hay bn ngoi h thng, to phn ng cho h thng thng tin qua mt cng vic no . Mt bin c bao gi cng to ra mt bin c mi hay d liu mi. Ngi ta dng mt hnh elip trong ghi tn bin c ch mt bin c.

Bin c A

Bin c B

CNG VIC NO YES

Bin c C

Bin c D

3. Cng vic Cng vic hay cn gi l mt Quy tc qun l, l mt x l nh nht m h thng thc hin khi xut hin mt bin c trong h thng thng tin qun l. Mt cng vic hot ng c th thnh cng hay khng, trong mi trng hp cng vic sinh ra bin c khc nhau. m t mt cng vic, ngi ta dng mt hnh ch nht trong ghi tn cng vic na trn v na cn li chia lm hai phn, phn ghi ch NO cho trng hp thc hin khng thnh cng, phn ghi ch YES cho trng hp thc hin thnh cng. C hai phng thc kch hot bi nhiu bin c cho mt cng vic: AND, OR. Phng thc AND: Khi tt c cc bin c cng xy ra th mi kch hot cng vic. Phng thc OR: Khi mt trong nhng bin c xy ra th kch hot c cng vic.

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4. Danh sch cc tc v trong bi ton Qun l khch sn 1. Nhn ng k - T.phng 11. Bn giao phng 2. Kim tra phng 12. Yu cu i phng 3. Kim tra thng tin khch hng 13. S dng dch v 4. Nhp thng tin khh hng 14. In ho n s dng dch v (5) C nhu cu 5. Nhp thng tin ng k -thu phng 15. Thanh ton ho n s dng dch v v phng 6. Yu cu hu ng k phng 16. Yu cu tr phng 7. Yu cu nhn phng ng k 17. Kim tra li tnh trng phng 8. Kim tra thng tin ng k phng - THU PHNG tng hp 18. In ho n NG K 9. Nhp thng tin nhn phng NO 19. Thanh ton ho n tng hp YES 10. Kim tra tnh trng phng

ng k b t chi KIM TRA PHNG NO YES Ht phng trng KIM TRA T.TIN KHCH HNG NO YES
Thng tin khch hng cha c

ng k c chp nhn

Cn phng trng

Thng tin khch hng c

NHP T.TIN KHCH HNG YES

Thng tin 5. M hnh quan nim x l khch hng nhp

NHP T.TIN NG K - THU YES

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Gvhd: Nguyn Kim Anh

(1 )

Trc thi hn nhn phng

YU CU HU NG K PHNG YES
Ti thi hn nhn phng Hu ng k c chp nhn

YU CU NHN PHNG YES Yu cu c chp nhn KTTT NG K YES

Thng tin c chp nhn

NHP THNG TIN NHN PHNG YES

Thng tin nhn phng nhp

KIM TRA TNH TRNG PHNG YES

Tnh trng phng kim tra (2 ) Th Lin - Lp TH40 Trang 30

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(2 )

BN GIAO PHNG NO YES

Khng hi lng v phng YU CU I PHNG NO YES

Phng c nhn

(3)

S DNG DCH V YES Dch v c s dng IN HO N S DNG DCH V YES S tin

Ho n s dng dch v in

THANH TON HO N DCH V NO YES Ho n cha thanh ton (4)

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Ht hn s dng phng

(3 )

Cn thi hn s dng phng

YU CU TR PHNG YES
Tr phng c chp nhn

KT LI TNH TRNG PHNG YES Tin thu phng

(4 )

Phng c kim tra

AND

IN HO N TNG HP YES Ho n tng c in THANH TON HO N TNG YES

Ho n tng c thanh ton

(5 ) Trang 32

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III. M hnh t chc x l

Vi m hnh ny, ngi phn tch s t cc cng vic trong m hnh quan nim vo tng ni lm vic c th ca mi trng tht v xc nh r cc cng vic do ai lm, lm khi no v lm theo phng thc no. Mt h thng thng tin c phn chia thnh nhiu b phn, mi b phn ny c gi l ni lm vic (gm: v tr, con ngi, trang thit b ). Phng thc lm vic bao gm th cng (do con ngi trc tip thao tc trn i tng) v t ng ( do my tnh thc hin). 1. Bng cng vic Trc khi thit k m hnh t chc x l, ta phi lp mt bng c gi l bng cng vic ( hay l bng th tc chc nng ). STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 TN CNG VIC Nhn .k - T.phng Kim tra phng Kim tra TT khch hng Nhp TT khch hng Nhp TT k-Tphng Y/c hu ng k Y/c nhn phng k Kim tra TT k phng Nhp TT nhn phng Kim tra tnh trng phng Bn giao phng Y/c i phng S dng dch v In ha n SDDV Thanh ton ho n dch v Y/c tr phng Kim tra li T.trng phng In ho n tng hp Thanh ton ho n tng NI THC HIN B phn l tn B phn l tn B phn l tn B phn l tn Khch hng Khch hng B phn l tn B phn l tn B phn l tn B phn l tn Khch hng Khch hng B phn dch v Khch hng Khch hng B phn l tn B phn l tn Khch hng Khch hng PHNG THC T ng T ng Th cng Th cng Th cng Th cng T ng Th cng Th cng Th cng Th cng Th cng T ng Th cng Th cng Th cng T ng Th cng Th cng CHU K L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay L.ngay

2. M hnh t chc x l L m hnh lin hon cc bin c, th tc chc nng c t ti v tr lm vic c th.

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KHCH HNG

B PHN L TN (5)

B PHN DCH V

C nhu cu v phng

NG K - THU
NO YES

ng k thu b t chi

ng k thu c chp nhn KIM TRA PHNG

NO YES

Ht phng trng

Thng tin khch hng cha c

Cn phng trng KTTTKHCHHNG

NO YES

c thng tin khch hng NHP TT NG K

YES

Thng tin ng k nhp (1)

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KHCH HNG

B PHN L TN

B PHN DCH V

Trc thi hn nhn phng Hu ng k c chp nhn Ti thi hn nhn phng

(1) HU NG K
YES

Y/C NHN PHNG

YES

Yu cu c chp nhn KTTT NG K

YES

Thng tin ng k kim tra NHP TT N. PHNG

YES

Thng tin nhn phng nhp

(2 )

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KHCH HNG

B PHN L TN

B PHN DCH V

(2 ) KTTTR PHNG
YES

Phng kim tra BN GIAO PHNG

NO YES

Cha hi lng v phng Y/C I PHNG

NO YES

(3 ) Phng c nhn

Dch v s dng

S DNG DCH V
YES

IN HO N
YES

S tin

Ho n dch v c in

TTON HO N
NO YES

Ho n Dv thanh ton

Ho n Dv cha thanh ton

(4 )
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KHCH HNG

B PHN L TN

B PHN DCH V

Cn thi hn thu phng

Ht hn thu phng (3 )

Y/C TR PHNG
YES Tr phng c chp nhn

KT.TTR. PHNG
YES

TTR phng c kim tra

IN HO N TNG

S tin

YES

Ho n tng c in THANH TON H.N

YES

Ho n tng hp thanh ton

(5 )

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IV. M hnh vt l x l
Vi m hnh t chc x l c , ngi phn tch s tin hnh xem xt, bin cc th tc chc nng thnh cc n v chng trnh. ng vi mi n v chng trnh m ta c t chi tit chun b cho vic ci t chng trnh. Mt chng trnh bao gm cc n v t chc x l ( l mt tp hp cc th tc chc nng c lin quan vi nhau v c thc hin lin mch nhm thc hin mt quy tc qun l no ). C hai cch tip cn t chc cc n v x l: 1. Tip cn theo khng gian ca cc th tc chc nng (v tr lm vic): Cch tip cn ny th cc th tc chc nng cng mt ni lm vic c gom thnh cc n v t chc x l. 2. Tip cn theo tng chc nng: Theo cch ny th cc th tc chc nng ging nhau t chc thnh cc n v t chc x l. Trong bi ton ny t ng ho cng tc qun l bao gm: B phn l tn, B phn dch v. Ta c th t chc theo hai cch khc nhau. Cch 1:
CHNG TRNH QUN L KHCH SN

B PHN L TN - Nhp s liu - In bo co

B PHN DCH V - Nhp s liu - In bo co

Cch 2:
CHNG TRNH QUN L KHCH SN

NHP S LIU - Thng tin khch hng - ng k thu phng - Nhn phng - S dng dch v

IN BO CO - Danh sch khch hng - Danh sch khch ng k - Danh sch khch nhn phng - Ho n thanh ton ....................

..................

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Gvhd: Nguyn Kim Anh

IPO Chart (IPO: Input - Processing - Output)

IPO Chart Mun: NHP THNG TIN KHCH HNG H thng: QUN L KHCH SN Mc tiu: Nhp d liu cho KHACHHANG Input: Thng tin khch hng Output: Thng tin khch hng ghi vo bng KHACHHANG X l: Nhp thng tin ca khch hng Tm thng tin ca khch hng trong bng KHACHHANG If khng tm thy Then Thm thng tin khch hng vo bng KHACHHANG Else Cp nht li thng tin khch hng c trong bng KHACHHANG End If S: 1

IPO Chart Mun: NHP THNG TIN NG K -THU PHNG H thng: QUN L KHCH SN Mc tiu: Nhp d liu cho DANGKY

S: 2

Input: Thng tin ng k - thu phng Output: Thng tin ng k - thu phng ghi vo bng DANGKY X l: Nhp thng tin ca ng k -thu phng Tm thng tin ca ng k - thu phng trong bng DANGKY If khng tm thy Then Thm thng tin ng k - thu phng trong bng DANGKY Else Cp nht li thng tin ng k - thu phng c trong bng DANGKY End If

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IPO Chart Mun: NHP THNG TIN NG K -THU PHNG H thng: QUN L KHCH SN Mc tiu: Nhp d liu cho NHANPHONG

S: 3

Input: Thng tin ng k - thu phng Output: Thng tin nhn phng ghi vo bng NHANPHONG X l: Nhp thng tin ca nhn phng Tm thng tin nhn phng trong bng NHANPHONG If khng tm thy Then Thm thng tin nhn phng trong bng NHANPHONG Else Cp nht li thng tin nhn phng c trong bng NHANPHONG End If

IPO Chart Mun: HU NG K PHNG NG K H thng: QUN L KHCH SN Mc tiu: Hu ng k phng sau khi ng l- thu phng

S: 4

Input: Yu cu hu ng k phng, ng k - thu phng Output: Phng yu cu hu X l: Nhp yu cu hu ng k phng Ly thng tin ng k - thu phng t DANGKY sao cho: Thi gian = Thi gian ng k S phng = S phng yu cu hu ng k phng Khch hng =Khch hng hu ng k phng If khng c c thng tin theo yu cu Then Phng yu cu hu ng k phng c ng k - thu phng hoc nhn Else Phng c i = Phng yu cu i; Cp nht li thng tin DANGKY End if

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IPO Chart Mun: NHP THNG TIN TR PHNG H thng: QUN L KHCH SN Mc tiu: Nhp d liu cho TRAPHONG Input: Thng tin tr phng Output: Thng tin tr phng ghi vo bng TRAPHONG X l: Nhp thng tin tr phng Tm thng tin tr phng trong bng TRAPHONG If khng tm thy Then Thm thng tin tr phng trong bng TRAPHONG Else Cp nht li thng tin tr phng c trong bng TRAPHONG End If

S: 5

IPO Chart Mun: NHP THNG TIN TIN NGHI H thng: QUN L KHCH SN Mc tiu: Nhp d liu cho TIEN NGHI Input: Thng tin tin nghi Output: Thng tin tin nghi ghi vo bng TNGHI X l: Nhp thng tin tin nghi Tm thng tin tr phng trong bng TNGHI If khng tm thy Then Thm thng tin tin nghi trong bng TNGHI Else Cp nht li thng tin tin nghi c trong bng TNGHI End If

S : 6

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IPO Chart Mun: NHP THNG TIN TRANG THIT B H thng: QUN L KHCH SN Mc tiu: Nhp d liu cho T.THIET BI Input: Thng tin v trang thit b Output: Thng tin trang thit b ghi vo bng T.THIET BI

S : 7

X l: Nhp thng tin trang thit b Tm thng tin trang thit b trong bng T.THIET BI If khng tm thy Then Thm thng tin trang thit b trong bng T.THIET BI Else Cp nht li thng tin trang thit b c trong bng T.THIET BI End If

IPO Chart Mun: NHP THNG TIN C QUAN H thng: QUN L KHCH SN Mc tiu: Nhp d liu cho COQUAN Input: Thng tin v c quan Output: Thng tin c quan ghi vo bng COQUAN X l: Nhp thng tin c quan Tm thng tin c quan trong bng COQUAN If khng tm thy Then Thm thng tin c quan trong bng COQUAN Else Cp nht li thng tin c quan c trong bng COQUAN End If

S : 8

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IPO Chart Mun: NHP THNG TIN DCH V H thng: QUN L KHCH SN Mc tiu: Nhp d liu cho DICHVU Input: Thng tin v dch v Output: Thng tin dch v ghi vo bng DICHVU X l: Nhp thng tin dch v Tm thng tin dch v trong bng DICHVU If khng tm thy Then Thm thng tin dch v trong bng DICHVU Else Cp nht li thng tin dch v c trong bng DICHVU End If

S : 9

IPO Chart Mun: NHP THNG TIN S DNG DCH V H thng: QUN L KHCH SN Mc tiu: Nhp d liu cho SDDV

S : 10

Input: Thng tin v dch v Output: Thng tin s dng dch v ghi vo bng SDDV X l: Nhp thng tin dch v Tm thng tin dch v trong bng SDDV If khng tm thy Then Thm thng tin s dng dch v trong bng SDDV Else Cp nht li thng tin s dng dch v c trong bng SDDV End If

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IPO Chart Mun: NHP THNG TIN NHN VIN H thng: QUN L KHCH SN Mc tiu: Nhp d liu cho NHANVIEN

S : 11

Input: Thng tin v nhn vin Output: Thng tin nhn vin ghi vo bng NHANVIEN X l: Nhp thng tin nhn vin Tm thng tin nhn vin trong bng NHANVIEN If khng tm thy Then Thm thng tin nhn vin trong bng NHANVIEN Else Cp nht li thng tin nhn vin c trong bng NHANVIEN End If

IPO Chart Mun: NHP THNG TIN CNG CHC H thng: QUN L KHCH SN Mc tiu: Nhp d liu cho CONGCHUC

S : 12

Input: Thng tin v cng chc Output: Thng tin nhn vin ghi vo bng CONGCHUC X l: Nhp thng tin cng chc Tm thng tin cng chc trong bng CONGCHUC Ly MAKH l kho chnh ca bng KHACHHANG, lm kho ngoi ng thi lm kho chnh ca bng CONGCHUC If khng tm thy Then Thm thng tin cng chc trong bng CONGCHUC Else Cp nht li thng tin cng chc c trong bng CONGCHUC End If

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IPO Chart Mun: NHP THNG TIN V CHNG H thng: QUN L KHCH SN Mc tiu: Nhp d liu cho VOCHONG Input: Thng tin v v chng Output: Thng tin v chng ghi vo bng VOCHONG X l:

S : 13

Nhp thng tin v chng Tm thng tin v chng trong bng VOCHONG Ly MAKH l kho chnh ca bng KHACHHANG, lm kho ngoi ng thi lm kho chnh ca bng VOCHONG If khng tm thy Then Thm thng tin v chng trong bng VOCHONG Else Cp nht li thng tin v chng c trong bng VOCHONG End If IPO Chart Mun: NHP THNG TIN PHNG H thng: QUN L KHCH SN Mc tiu: Nhp d liu cho PHONG Input: Thng tin v phng Output: Thng tin phng ghi vo bng PHONG X l: Nhp thng tin phng Tm thng tin phng trong bng PHONG If khng tm thy Then Thm thng tin phng trong bng PHONG Else Cp nht li thng tin phng c trong bng PHONG End If S : 14

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IPO Chart Mun: NHP THNG TIN PHNG H thng: QUN L KHCH SN Mc tiu: Tnh tin phng Input: S phng, gi tin phng, ngy thu, ngy tr Output: S tin phng khch phi tr X l: Nhp thng tin khch ng k - thu phng Nhp s phng cn tnh tin If S phng=Phng ng k tr Then S ngy = Ngy tr phng - Ngy thu phng S tin phng = gi phng * S ngy Else If C ng k thu Then Nhp thng tin v ng k tr phng Tnh tin phng Else Thng bo li End If End If IPO Chart Mun: NHP THNG PHIU THANH TON H thng: QUN L KHCH SN Mc tiu: a ra phiu thanh ton cho khch

S : 15

S : 16

Input: Thng tin v khch, v tin phng, v dch v Output: In ra phiu thanh ton cho khch X l: Nhp thng tin cn thit v khch, dch v, tin phng Nhp s phng cn thanh ton tin If S phng=Phng ng k tr Then Cho bng thng k cc khon tin dch v v tin phng S tin khch thanh ton = Tng s tin cc khon dch v trong nhng ngy khch thu + tin phng trong cc ngy li. In ra phiu thanh ton tin cho khch Else If L phng c ng k thu Then Nhp thng tin v tr phng
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Cho bng thng k cc khon tin dch v v tin phng S tin khch thanh ton = Tng s tin cc khon dch v trong nhng ngy khch thu + tin phng trong cc ngy li. In ra phiu thanh ton Else Khng in ra phiu thanh ton End If End If

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Chng V: AN TON D LI U
I. Ti sao phi phi t vn an ton d liu
Nhng s c c th xy ra: - a cng b hng - My b nhim Virus - Mt in t ngt - Thay i qun khng lu... i vi h thng c lng ln th vic cp nht li d liu mt tn rt nhiu thi gian v bt tin. khc phc s mt mt d liu do s c th chng ta phi t chc cng tc an ton d liu.

II. Cc phng php t chc an ton d liu

Tu thuc vo cng tc tin hc ho trn thc t tng ni ta c th p dng mt trong cc phng php hoc p dng ng thi cc phng php sau: 1. Backup s liu - Phng php ny rt n gin c th p dng vi bt c ni no. - Cc s liu c ghi lu ra a mm hoc ra cc a cng khc. Cng vic ghi lu c lm theo mt nh k no . nh k cng ngn th lng d liu c m bo cng ln. Vic nh k tu thuc vo lng d liu c c cp nht thng xuyn hay khng. nh k phi m bo lng d liu b mt (khng khi phc c v cha ghi lu) ti mt thi im no cng t cng tt. - Cc d liu b hng s c khi phc li t bn sao nu chng c ghi lu. Nu d liu khng c ghi lu thng xuyn th ln d liu ny l khng nhiu. V vy cng vic ghi lu phi c tin hnh thng xuyn, phi bo qun tt cc a lu tr cc bn sao. 2. Dng hai a theo ch soi gng - Phng php ny p dng vi mng my tnh n i hi hai o a hon ton ging nhau. - Theo c ch ny chng ta cng lm vic vi mt a nh bnh thng. Hai a ny s t ng cp nht d liu ca nhau. Trong mt a s s dng lm vic hng ngy, cn li ch lu tr d liu nh mt bn sao. Khi c s c xy ra a ny th ta vn cn d liu trn khc. - C hai c ch: * C ch MIRRORING: dng hai a ging nhau vi mt Card iu khin. * C ch DUPLEXING: dng hai a ging nhau vi mt Card iu khin cho hai . - Phng php ny, d liu c lu thnh hai bn hon ton t ng, ngi dung khng cn quan tm ti vic sao lu. D liu khi cp nht lun c lu thnh hai bn.

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3. Dng hai file server vi mi trng mng my tnh - D liu c ghi ng thi vo hai file server, 2 file server lun ghi lu d liu ca nhau. Vi phng php ny d liu c cp nht lun c lu thnh hai bn khc nhau. Khi c s c trn mt file ta s lm vic vi file cn li.

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PHN II CI T H THNG

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Chng I: M T H THNG I. Gii thiu ngn ng

Nh cp trong Phn I, vic la chn ngn ng ci t chng trnh em s dng ngn ng lp trnh Visual Basic 6.0. bit nhiu hn v ngn ng ny chng ta hy tm hiu n qua mt s ni dung sau: 1. Tng quan v ngn ng Visual Basic, con ng nhanh nht v n gin nht to nhng ng dng cho Microsoft Windows. Bt k bn l mt nh chuyn nghip hay l ngi mi lp trnh Windows. Visual Basic cung cp cho bn mt tp hp cc cng c hon chnh nhanh chng pht trin cc ng dng. Vy Visual Basic l g? - Thnh phn "Visual" ni n phng thc dng to giao din ho ngi s dng (GUI). Thay v vit nhng dng m m t s xut hin v v tr nhng thnh phn giao din, ta ch cn thm vo nhng i tng nh ngha trc v tr no trn mn hnh. - Thnh phn "Basic" ni n ngn ng "BASIC" _(Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) mt ngn ng c dng bi nhiu nh lp trnh hn bt c mt ngn ng no khc trong lch s my tnh. Visual Basic c pht trin trn ngn ng BASIC. Ngn ng lp trnh Visual Basic khng ch l Visual Basic m h thng lp trnh Visual Basic_ nhng ng dng bao gm Microsoft Exel, Microsoft Access v nhiu ng dng Windows khc u cng s dng mt ngn ng. Mc d mc ch ca chng ta l to ra nhng ng dng nh cho bn thn hay mt nhm, mt h thng cc cng ty ln hoc thm ch phn phi nhng ng dng ra ton cu qua Internet. Visual Basic l cng c l m bn cn. Nhng chc nng truy xut d liu cho php ta to ra nhng c s d liu, nhng ng dng front-end, nhng thnh phn phm vi Server-side cho hu ht cc dng thc c s d liu ph bin, bao gm SQL server v nhng c s d liu mc Enterprise khc. Nhng k thut ActiveX cho php ta dng nhng chc nng c cung cp t nhng ng dng khc nh chng trnh x l vn bn, bng tnh v nhng ng dng Windows khc. Kh nng Internet lm cho n d dng cung cp cho vi thm vo nhng ti liu v ng dng qua Internet hoc Intranet t bn trong ng dng ca bn hoc to nhng ng dng Internet server. ng dng ca bn kt thc l mt file.Exe tht s. N dng mt my o Visual Basic bn t do phn phi ng dng.

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2. Cu trc ca mt ng dng Mt ng dng thc ra l mt tp cc ch dn trc tip n my tnh thi hnh mt hoc nhiu tc v . Cu trc ca mt ng dng l phng php trong cc ch dn c t chc, l ni m ch dn c lu gi v thi hnh theo mt trnh t nht nh. V mt ng dng Visual Basic, trn c bn l mt i tng, cu trc m ng tng trng cho cc m hnh vt l. Bng vic nh ngha nhng i tng cha m v d liu. Form tng trng cho nhng thuc tnh, quy nh, cch xut hin v cch x l. Mi Form trong mt ng dng, c mt quan h Module form (.frm) dng cha m ca n. Mi module cha nhng th tc, s kin, on m. Form c th cha nhiu iu khin. Tng ng vi mi iu khin trn form c mt tp hp cc th tc s kin trong module . Mt th tc p ng nhng s kin trong nhng i tng khc nhau phi c t trong cng module chun ( vi tn c ui.BAS). Mt lp module (.cls) c dng to nhng i tng, c m c th c gi t nhng th tc bn trong ng dng. Coi module chun nh mt iu khin v n ch cha m. 3. Chng ta c th lm g vi Visual Basic 1) To giao din ngi s dng: Giao din ngi s dng c l l thnh phn quan trng nht i vi mt ng dng. i vi ngi s dng, giao din chnh l ng dng; h khng cn quan tm n thnh phn m thc thi bn di. ng dng ca ta c c ph bin hay khng ph thuc vo giao din. 2) S dng nhng iu khin chun ca Visual Basic: S dng nhng iu khin y ly thng tin m ca ngi s dng nhp vo v hin th kt xut trn mn hnh. V d: hp vn bn, nt lnh, hp danh sch... 3) Lp trnh vi i tng: Nhng i tng l thnh phn chnh lp trnh Visual Basic. i tng c th l form, iu khin, c s d liu. 4) Lp trnh vi phn hp thnh: Khi cn s dng kh nng tnh ton ca Microsoft Excel, nh dng mt ti liu s dng thanh cng c ca Microsoft Word, lu tr v x l liung Microsoft Jet...Tt c nhng iu ny c th thc hin bng cch xy dng nhng ng dng s dng thnh phn ActiveX. Tuy nhin ngi s dng c th to ActiveX ring. 5) p ng nhng s kin phm v con chut: S dng phm nng, r v th chut nh tnh nng ca OLE... 6) Lm vic vi vn bn ho: X l vn bn, chn hnh theo mun. 7) G ri v qun l li 8) X l a th mc v file: Qua phng thc c l lnh Open, Write# v mt tp hp nhng cng c mi nh FSO (File System Object). 9) Thit k cho vic thi hnh v tnh tng thch: Chia x hu ht nhng tnh nng ngn ng cho ng dng. 10) Phn phi ng dng: Sau khi to xong mt ng dng ta c th t do phn phi cho bt k ai. Ta c th phn phi trn a, trn CD, trn mng... 4. Tm tt ngn ng
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4.1 Bin: c dng lu tm thi nnhng gi tr tnh ton trong qu trnh x l chng trnh. Cch khai bo: Dim <tn bin> As <kiu bin> C th khng cn khai bo kiu bin. Lc ny bin s c kiu Variant. Quy tc t tn bin: - Tn bin c chiu di ti a 255 k t - Phi bt u bng mt ch ci - Khng t cc khong trng v cc k hiu (+, -...) trong tn bin - Khng c trng vi t kho ca ngn ng - Trnh t tn trng nhau - Nn khai bo bin trc khi dng Phm vi s dng bin: Tu thuc vo cch bn khai bo v ch bn t dng lnh khai bo bin. - Nu bn khai bo trong phn General, bin c th c dng bt k on lnh no trong form v cng ch mt i khi no form c gii phng khi b nh. - Nu bn khai bo gia dng Sub v End Sub ca m lnh th bin ch tn ti v dng c trong phm vi hai dng m thi. Bin nh vy gi l bin ring hay bin ni b (local). Khi kt thc cng vic x l ny bin cng s mt v gi tr ca n cng khng cn na. - Nu bn dng t kho Public thay cho Dim khai bo bin, bin s tn ti trong sut thi gian thc hin chng trnh v c th s dung trong bt k on lnh no trong chng trnh. Bin nh vy c gi l bin chung hay bin ton cc (global). - Bn c th dng t kho Private khai bo cc bin ring nh Dim. C th dung t kho Static thay cho Dim nu bn mun s dng li on lnh m bin vn cn gi li gi tr ca l thc hin trc. 4.2 Cc kiu d liu trong Visual Basic Khi bn khai bo mt bin trong chng trnh tc l bn nh ra mt khong b nh lu gi tr, khong b nh ln hay nh tu thuc vo bin c kiu g. Vy bn phi xc nh kiu bin cho ph hp vi cc gi tr m bn nh t vo.Visual Basic cho php bn khai bo bin vi nhng kiu d liu chun sau: Tn kiu Byte Integer Long Single Double Currency Kch thc 1 byte 2 byte 4 byte 4 byte 8 byte 8 byte Khong gi tr 0 ti 255 (tc ch c th gn cho bin cc gi tr nh nht l 0 v ln nht l 255) -32768 ti 32767 -2.147.483.648 ti 2.147.483.647 -3,402823E38 ti -1,401298E-45 1,401298E-45 ti 3,402823E38 -1,79769313486231E308 ti -4,9406564541247E-324 4,94065645841247E-324 ti 1,79769313486231E308 -922337203685477,5808 ti 922337203685477,5807
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Boolean Date

True or False 1 thng ging nm 100 n 31 thng 12 nm 9999; thi gian t 0:00:00 ti 23:59:59 String 1 cho mi k t C th ln ti 231 k t (khong 2 t) Variant 16 byte + 1 byte Null, Error, bt k kiu s no c gi tr trong khong cho mi k t Double hay bt k ni dung text no K hiu Exx pha sau s c ngha l nhn vi 10xx. Trn y l nhng kiu d liu chun m Visual Basic nh ngha sn. Tuy nhin trong khi lp trnh n cng cho php bn c th nh ngha thm nhng kiu d liu mi. V d: Trong mt chng trnh bn cn lu nhng thng tin v cc nhn vin trong mt c quan no x l. Mi nhn vin cn lu cc thng tin: H tn, Tui, Ngh nghip, a ch. Bn c th khai bo nh sau: Type Nhanvien Hoten As String * 25 Tuoi As Integer Nghenghiep As String * 20 Diachi As String * 40 End Type Kiu d liu nh kiu Nhanvien trn gi l kiu bn ghi ( record ). C php: [Public|Private] Type Tn kiu <Khai bao cc trng> End Type Cch truy xut cc trng trong mt bin kiu bn ghi, cch thc ging nh truy xut cc property trong mt i tng. Chng hn: Dim nguoi As Nhanvien Nguoi.Hoten = "Nguyen Van A" Nguoi.Tuoi = 30 Nguoi.Nghenghiep = "K thut vin" Nguoi.Diachi = " Trung tm tin hc" Cch khai bo mng (Array) Mng l mt dy cc gi tr cng kiu vi nhau, c cng mt ci tn v truy xut thng qua mt con s gi l chc s ca mng ( index). Khai bo: Dim|Private|Public|Static Tn (s phn t) As Kiu Hoc Dim|Private|Public Tn (phn t u To phn t cui ) As Kiu Truy xut theo c php: Tn(ch s)[= gi tr] V d: Dim AInt(10) As Integer ' Mng AInt gm 11 phn t AInt(1) = 100' Gn phn t th hai trong mng Aint gi tr 100

2 byte 8 byte

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Hay cc property List v ItemData ca ListBox v ComboBox cng chnh l cc mng. List l mng chu k t, ItemData l mng cc s nguyn. 4.3 Cc ton t trong Visual Basic 4.3.1 Cc ton t tnh ton Ton t ngha + Cng hai s hng vi nhau C th dng cng hai chui Tr hai s hng * Nhn hai s hng / Chia, tr v kiu s thc \ Mod ^ Chia ly nguyn Chia ly d Ly lu tha

V d X=Y + 1 St = "Visual" + "Basic" X=Y - 1 X=Y * 2 Dim X As Single, Dim Y As Integer X=1 / 2 , Y = 1 / 2 'sai X=3 \ 2 'X s nhn gi tr 1 X= 7 mod 3 ' X s nhn gi tr 4 X=Y ^ 3

4.3.2 Cc ton t so snh ( lun tr v kiu lun l: Boolean) Ton t ngha > So snh xem s th nht c ln hn s th hai khng < So snh s th nht c nh hn s th hai lhng = So snh xem hai s c bng nhau khng <> So snh xem hai s c khc nhau khng >= So snh xem s th nht c ln hn hoc bng s th hai khng <= So snh xem s th nht c nh hn hoc bng s th hai khng 4.3.3 Cc ton t lun l Ton t And Or Not ngha Tr v kiu True nu c hai s hng u l True, tr v False nu mt trong hai s hng l False. Tr v True mu mt trong hai s hng l True, tr v False nu c hai s hng u l False. Tr v True nu s hng l False, tr v False nu s hng l True

4.4 Cu trc tuyn v lp 4.4.1 Cu trc tuyn 1. Cu trc tuyn If C php 1: If <Biu thc lun l> Then

C php 2: If <biu thc lun l>Then

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... 'Nu biu thc lun l l True ... 'th thc hin on lnh ny End If on

... 'nu biu thc lun l l True th thc hin on lnh ny Else 'Ngc li th thc hin lnh sau End If

2.Cu trc tuyn Select Case C php : Select Case <Bin hay biu thc> Case<Cc gi tr> <Cc cu lnh> ... Case <Cc gi tr> <Cc cu lnh> ... [ Case Else 'C th khng cn xt n mnh ny <Cc cu lnh>] ... End Select 4.4.2 Cu trc lp 1. Cu trc Do ... Loop C php 1: Do While <Biu thc iu kin> ' Trong khi biu thc iu kin ng th <Cc cu lnh> ' thc hin cc cu lnh ny Loop ' Quay tr v dng Do While kim tra li C php 2: Do ' Thc hin cc cu lnh n khi no iu kin <Cc cu lnh> Loop Until <iu kin> ' ng (= True hay khc 0) 2.Cu trc For ... Next C php : For Bin = Gi tr u To Gi tr cui [ Step khong tng ] <Cc cu lnh> Next Bin Ch : Trong trng hp ny Gi tr u > Gi tr cui. 4.5 Hng, th tc, hm
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1. Hng (constant) C php: [ Public| Private] Const <Tn hng> [ As Kiu] = <gi tr> Trong : Const l t kho Gi tr cng c th l mt biu thc nhng cc s hng trong biu thc phi l cc hng khai bo hay cc gi tr c th: V d: Const conPi=3.14 Const conPi2 = conPi * 2 Const myDate = #March 8 1997# ' Khaibo hng myDate cha ngy 8/3/97 Hoc t cch canh cho mt nhn (Label) bn phi nh ba gi tr: 0 canh tri, 1 canh phi, 2 canh gia. Tuy nhin cng c th t ra ba hng c tn nh sau: Left bng 0, Right bng 1, Center bng 2. 2. Th tc (module) Cch nh ngha mt th tc Mt th tc trc khi s dng n phi c nh ngha. Dng t kho Sub khai bo nh sau: Private/ Public Sub <Tn th tc> (Tham s) ... <Cc m lnh m th tc thc hin> End Sub - Cc method cng chnh l cc th tc m lun gn vi i tng - Cc phn m vit x l cho mt s kin xy ra l cc th tc trong chng trnh Th tc c truyn tham s Khi mt th tc c gi m c truyn thm mt s gi tr vo, cc gi tr ny c gi l cc tham s ca th tc . lm iu ny, khi khai bo th tc bn cn ghi thm n s nhn bao nhiu tham s bng c php sau: Private/ Public Sub <Tn th tc> (<Tn tng trng cho tham s> As <Kiu>, ...) V d: Cc th tc nh: Xo, Thm, Lu, Thot, Sa hu nh xy ra trn cc Form ca chng trnh. Chng c cng c php: Private Sub Object_Click() <on m lnh> End Sub Hoc th tc: Private Sub Object_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) <on m lnh> End Sub ... 3. Hm (module) Khi nim: Hm l mt n th trong chng trnh, tnh nng ging nh th tc nhng khc ch sau khi thc hin phn lnh ca n s tr v mt gi tr kt qu. Khi mun s dng hm, bn cn bit tn hm, n cn nhng tham s no v n tr v kt qu kiu no. Visual Basic c nh ngha sn mt s hm.

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C php : [ Private| Public] Function <Tn hm>(Tham s As Kiu) As <Kiu tr v> ... Tn hm = Gi tr tr v End Function Dng lnh Exit Sub thot khi th tc, Exit Function thot khi hm. Mt s hm x l tnh ton trong VB Tn hm ngha Abs (s) Tr v gi tr tuyt i ca con s truyn vo Sin (s) Tr v sin ca mt gc, s: Gc cn ly sin, gc tnh bng radian. Radian = *Pi/180 Cos (s) Tr v Cos ca mt gc Tan (s) Tr v tang ca mt gc Atn (s) Tr v artang ca mt gc Int (s) Tr v phn nguyn ca mt con s, nu s l m Int s tr v con s Fix (s) nguyn u tin nh hn hoc bng con s ; Fix tr v con s nguyn ln hn hoc bng con s . VD: Int (-8.4) _ -9, Fix (-8.4) _ -8 Sgn (s) Tr v mt con s nguyn cho bit du ca con s truyn vo. C th: s>0 tr v 1, s = 0 tr v 0, s <0 tr v -1. Sqr (s) Tr v cn bc hai ca s Lu : - C th dng hm nh mt s hng trong mt biu thc - C th dng hm nh mt tham s trong cu lnh gi hm hay th tc khc Hm chuyn i kiu chui v s Tn hm ngha Val (chui) Hm tr v mt con s tng ng vi chui truyn vo. Chui phi l mt chui gm cc k s hp l. Hm t ng b qua cc khong trng. Khi gp k t khng phi k t s th dng ngay. Khi chui ghi mt con s c phn l thp phn. Val ch nhn ra phn thp phn da vo du chm. VD: X = Val (123.5) ' X bng 123.5 Str (s) Hm tr v mt chui k t biu din con s truyn vo. Chui tr v lun c mt k t u tin ghi du trong trng hp s m hoc mt khong trng trong trng hp s dng. Hm chuyn i gia cc kiu d liu Hm chuyn i i sang kiu Hm chuyn i Cbool Boolean Cbyte Byte CLng Ccur Currency CSng

i sang kiu Long Single

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Cdate Cdbl Cint

Date Double Integer

CStr Cvar CVErr

String Variant Error

V d: Mt s Hm c dng trong chng trnh nh 1) Hm MsgBox dng hin hp thng bo ln mn hnh C php: MsgBox (Thng bo, cc button , tiu ) Trong : Thng bo: l mt chui k t ghi ni dung thng bo. C th di ti a 1024 k t v c th c nhiu dng (dng ngt dng Chr(13)) Cc button: dng quy nh thng bo ny gm nhng nt no v trnh by icon no. Phn ny c quy nh bng cc hng t sn. V d: vbOkOnly _ trnh by duy nht nt Ok, vbCritical_trnh by icon

Tiu : Chui quy nh tiu cho hp i thoi, nu khng c tham s ny Visual Basic s mc nhin ly tn chng trnh lm tiu . 2) Function Test_day(ngay As string ) As boolean trong moun c trnh by phn ph lc. 3) Cc hm Ucase(String), Cint(s), Trim(string), IsNumeric(string), Len(string)... 5. ADO i tng khng th thiu trong ng dng c s d liu ADO(D liu i tng ActiveX - ActiveX Data Object) l giao din da trn i tng cho cng ngh d liu mi ni gi l OLED DB. Ta dng ADO khng ch truy cp d liu thng qua trang Web m cn c th dng n ly d liu t ng dng vit bng Visual Basic. i tng Connection ca ADO kt ni vi ngun d liu. Dng phng thc Open ca i tng Connection thit lp kt ni vi ngun d liu. thng bo cho ADO cch ni vi ngun d liu, ta phi cung cp thng tin di dng chui kt ni (dng thuc tnh ConnectionString) ca ODBC. ADO h tr mt s kiu con tr. i tng Recordset ca ADO thao tc vi d liu. L phng php truy cp thng tin c tr v t trnh cung cp d liu. y ta dng trnh cung cp Microsoft Jet OLE DB. i vi trnh cung cp Jet, chui kt ni l ng dn v tp tin MDB.

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II. S thit k
MENU H THNG

CP NHT

BO BIU

TRA CU

THOT

KHCH HNG

C QUAN NG K

HU .K NHN PHNG

SDDV PHNG TR PHNG DCH V

NHN VIN

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Chng II: CI T CH NG TRNH

I. Thit k c s d liu trong Access
- Chng trnh s dng c s d liu ca Microsoft Access 97 c kt ni vi Visual Basic 6.0 bng iu khin Data Environment - Tn File ca c s d liu: "Lien.mdb" 1. Cc Table c to trong bi ton Table_KHACHHANG Table_HUYDK Table_PHONG Table_DANGKY Table_NPHONG Table_DICHVU Table_TRAPHONG Table_TNGHI Table_SDDV Table_CONGCHUC Table_COQUAN Table_TTBI Tuy nhin, do gii hn chng ta ch im qua mt s bng sau Table_KHACHHANG, Table_ DANGKY:

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2. Rng buc I TNG Rng buc kho chnh KHACHHANG COQUAN PHONG DICHVU TNGHI DANGKY HUYDK NPHONG TRAPHONG SDDV NHANVIEN TTHBI CONGCHUC Rng buc kho ngoi CONGCHUC RNG BUC TON VN MAKH l kho chnh MACQ l kho chnh MAP l kho chnh MADV l kho chnh MATN l kho chnh MAKH, SoDK, MAP l kho chnh MAKH, SoDK l kho chnh MAKH, SoDK l kho chnh MaNV l kho chnh MaKH, MaCQ l kho chnh MACQ l kho ngoi tham chiu t bng COQUAN

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3. Mi quan h gia cc bng Dng cng c Relationships ca MS Access thit lp mi quan h gia cc bng

4. Ci t chng trnh Sau y l mt s th tc c thc hin trong chng trnh

Th tc m kt ni d liu

Sub Open_mdb() Dim db_name, str As String db_name = App.Path & "\Lien.mdb" str = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.3.51;Data Source=" & db_name & "" DE1.CN1.ConnectionString = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.3.51;Persist Security Info=False;Data Source=" & db_name & "" DE1.CN1.Open cn.Open str End Sub Hm kim tra ngy thng Public Function Test_Day(ngay As String) As Boolean Dim KTNgay As Integer

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Dim so so = CInt(Val(Trim(Right(ngay, 4)))) KTNgay = CInt(Val(Left(ngay, 2))) If CInt(Val(Trim(Right(ngay, 4)))) < 1000 Then MsgBox "Nam phai co 4 chu so.Vui long nhap lai.", vbOKOnly + vbExclamation, "Thong bao" Test_Day = False Exit Function End If If CInt(Val(Trim(Mid(ngay, 4, 2)))) < 1 Or CInt(Val(Trim(Mid(ngay, 4, 2)))) > 12 Then MsgBox "Ngay thang khong hop le. Vui long nhap lai", vbOKOnly + vbExclamation, "Thong bao" Test_Day = False Else Select Case CInt(Val(Trim(Mid(ngay, 4, 2)))) Case 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12 If KTNgay < 1 Or KTNgay > 31 Then MsgBox " Thang " & Mid(ngay, 4, 2) & " co 31 ngay", vbOKOnly + vbExclamation, "Thong bao" Test_Day = False Else Test_Day = True End If Case 2 If KTNgay < 1 Or KTNgay > 29 Then MsgBox " ngay khong hop le", vbOKOnly + vbExclamation, "Thong bao" Test_Day = False Else If namnhuan(Right(ngay, 4)) = False Then If KTNgay > 28 Then MsgBox "Nam " & Right(ngay, 4) & " thang 2 co 28 ngay. Vui long nhap lai", vbOKOnly + vbExclamation, "Thong bao" Test_Day = False End If Else Test_Day = True End If End If Case Else If KTNgay < 1 Or KTNgay > 30 Then MsgBox "Ngay khong hop le! thang " & (Mid(ngay, 4, 2)) & _
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" chi co 30 ngay. Vui long nhap lai.", vbOKOnly + vbExclamation, "Thong bao" Test_Day = False Else Test_Day = True End If End Select End If End Function Th tc ng k thu phng Input : THNG TIN NG K THU PHNG Output : Thng tin ng k thu phng ghi vo bng DANGKY X l: Private Sub Luu_Du_Lieu() Dim rs As New ADODB.Recordset Dim rs1 As New ADODB.Recordset Dim str If Trim(txtSoDK) = "" Or Trim(txtMaKH) = "" Or Trim(txtMaP) = "" Then MsgBox "Chu y: MaKH, SoDK, MaP khong duoc trong", vbOKOnly + vbExclamation, "Thong bao" Me.MousePointer = 0 Exit Sub End If Test_NULL str = "select*from PHONG where MaP='" & Trim(txtMaP) & "'" rs1.Open str, cn, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic, adCmdText If txtMaP = rs1!MaP Then rs1.Update rs1.Close str = "select*from Dangky where SoDK='" & Trim(txtSoDK) & "' " rs.Open str, cn, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic, adCmdText If rs.EOF = True Then rs.AddNew rs!MaKH = txtMaKH rs!soDK = txtSoDK rs!NgayDK = txtNgayDK rs!MaP = txtMaP rs!Ngayden = txtNgayden rs!Gioden = txtGioden rs!Ngaydi = txtNgaydi rs!Giodi = txtGiodi rs!SLNL = txtSLNL
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rs!SLTE= txtSLTE rs!Giathue = txtGiathue rs!Tiencoc = txtTiencoc rs.Update rs.Close Else Dim kiemtra If txtSoDK = rs! SoDK Then kiemtra = MsgBox(" Khach hang co So dang ky [" & txtSoDK & "]da ton tai. Neu ban muon SUA thong tin khach hang thi bam Yes", vbYesNo + vbQuestion, "Thong bao") If kiemtra = vbNo Then Exit Sub Else rs!MaKH = txtMaKH rs!SoDK = txtSoDK rs!NgayDK = txtNgayDK rs!MaP = txtMaP rs!Ngayden = txtNgayden rs!Gioden = txtGioden rs!Ngaydi = txtNgaydi rs!Giodi = txtGiodi rs!SLNL = txtSLNL rs!SLTE = txtSLTE rs!Giathue = txtGiathue rs!Tiencoc = txtTiencoc rs.Update End If End If End If End If Lock_Text Display_Listview cmdNEW.SetFocus Me.MousePointer = 0 End Sub Hm kim tra ngy n Private Function KTNgayden(Ngayden As String) As Boolean Dim rs As New ADODB.Recordset Dim str str = " select * from Dangky where SoDK='" & Trim(txtSoDK.Text) & "'" rs.Open str, cn, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic, adCmdText If rs.EOF = True Then
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If txtNgayDK = "" Then MsgBox " Ban chua nhap ngay dang ky ! ", vbOKOnly + vbExclamation, "Thong bao" KTNgayden = False txtNgayDK.SetFocus Exit Function Else If CDate(Ngaythang(Ngayden)) < txtNgayDK Then MsgBox " Ngayden phai >= [" & txtNgayDK & "] ", vbOKOnly + vbExclamation, "Thong bao" KTNgayden = False Else KTNgayden = True End If End If Else If CDate(Ngaythang(Ngayden)) < rs!NgayDK Then MsgBox " Ngayden phai >= [" & txtNgayDK & "] ", vbOKOnly + vbExclamation, "Thong bao" KTNgayden = False Else KTNgayden = True End If End If End Function

II. Thit k giao din

C l khu quan trng nht trong lp trnh l thit k. Sau khi thit k giao din, bn cn thit k cu trc chng trnh. Cch thit k khc nhau s dn n cc hot ng khc nhau v bo tr theo cng khc nhau. Code trong VB c t chc theo dng cy phn nhnh. Mt ng dng thng thng cha mt hoc nhiu m-un. Mi biu mu c mt m-un, c tht c thm nhng m-un chun cha nhng on chng trnh dng chung v cng c th c thm m-un lp. C hai loi giao din chnh SDI (giao din n ti liu - single document interface) v MDI (giao din a ti liu - multiple document interface). V d : Notepad l mt v d ca SDI, Microsoft Excel - Microsoft Word l nhng MDI. Di y l mt s Form ca chng trnh

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Form_Main

Form _Khachhang

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Form _DANGKY

Form_NHANPHONG

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Kt lun
Mc d rt c gng tm hiu cng vic " Qun l khch sn " nhng khng sao trnh khi nhng thiu st. Mong qu Thy , C v cc bn ng gp kin em rt ra c nhiu kinh nghim qu bu khi bc vo cuc sng mi. Qu trnh kho st, phn tch - thit k v ci t biton qun l khch sn c bn hon thnh nhng cng vic sau: - Cp nht, lu tr, thm thng tin: * Khch hng ng k thu phng * Khch hng nhn phng * Khch hng hu ng k * Khch hng s dng dch v * Khch hng tr phng * Thng tin nhn vin trong khch sn - Bo biu: * Danh mc phng * Danh sch khch hng ng k thu phng * Danh sch khch hng nhn phng * Danh sch khch hng s dng dch v - Tra cu: * Thng tin khch hng * Thng tin nhn vin ca khch sn * Ho n dch v * Ho n tng hp Bi ton c thit k v ci t bng ngn ng Visual Basic cho php chy trn mi trng Windows do k tha c nhng tnh nng mnh ca Windows nh: - Cho mt giao din thn thin vi ngi s dng - Chy theo ch a nhim - In n nhanh chng v thun li Bi ton qun l khch sn ny ch yu l p dng vi khch sn c quy m tng i nh, do c th ca mi khch sn nn cng tc qun l vi mi khch sn l khc nhau. y em ch tm hiu v cng tc qun l ca khch sn Minh hong nn chng trnh ny ch yu p dng cho cng tc qun l ca khch sn m thi. Do thi gian hn ch v trnh hiu bit ca bn thn cha nhiu nn vic phn tch thit k v ci t bi ton qun l khch sn cha hon thin nh mt phn mm qun l. N mang tnh cht hc hi, trao i v bt u lm quen vi thc t. Nhng qua t thc tp ny, em hc hi c nhiu kinh nghim trong qu trnh phn tch thit k v ci t mt chng trnh qun l, ng thi cng b sung kin thc cho bn thn. Em xin chn thnh cm n C Nguyn Kim Anh tn tnh gip em hon thnh n ca mnh. Em cng by t lng bit n su sc ti qu Thy C khoa Cng ngh thng tin trng i hc Bch khoa H ni, cc Thy C khoa Cng ngh thng tin

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trng i hc Thu sn ch dy trong sut kho hc. Ti cm n cc bn ng gp kin v ng vin ti hon thnh n ny.

Hng pht trin

- Chng trnh ch mi cho php nhn vin trong khch sn tip cn h thng. Nn hng l cn phi phn quyn s dung h thng cho khch c th tip cn vi h thng. - M rng bi ton cho nhiu khch sn ring bit - Thng k danh sch khch hng theo khong thi gian no - a ra doanh thu cho khch sn trong khong thi gian nht nh - Ngoi ra chng trnh c ti u hn, ta c th xy dng thm h thng cung cp thng tin v phng, gi c v cho php t phng qua mng.

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Ti liu tham kho

[1] - " Microsoft Visual Basic & Lp trnh c s d liu 6.0 ", Nguyn Th Ngc Mai (ch bin), Nh xut bn lao ng -X hi. [2] - " Nhng bi thc hnh c s d liu Visual Basic cn bn ", Ks. inh Xun Lm, Nh xut bn thng k. [3] - " Bi ging Microsoft Access ", Ths.Nguyn nh Thun [4] - "Bi ging c s d liu & phn tch v thit k h thng thng tin qun l ", Ths. Nguyn Hu Trng. [5] - " Phn tch thit k h thng thng tin qun l ", Ths. inh Th Hin, Nh xut bn thng k - 2000. [6] - " Mt s bi lun vn tt nghip " ca anh ch cc kho trc.

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Ph lc
1. Ci t Visual Basic 6.0 S dng chng trnh Setup, ta c th ci t Visual Basic trn my tnh. Chng trnh Setup ci t VB v cc thnh phn khc t a CD vo a cng. Chng trnh ny cn ci t cc tp tin cn thit xem ti liu trn a CD MSDN (Microsoft Developer Network). Ta khng th thi hnh VB bng cch ch copy cc tp tin t a CD-ROM vo a cng. Ta phi dng chng trnh Setup gii nn v ci t cc tp tin vo th mc thch hp. a. Cu hnh ci tVB 6.0 - Microsoft Windows 95 tr ln hoc Microsoft Windows NT Workstation 4.0 tr ln. - B vi x l 486DX / 66MHz tr ln - Mt a CD-ROM - Mn hnh VGA hoc mn hnh phn gii cao c h tr bi Microsoft Windows. - 16 MB RAM cho Win95, 32MB RAM cho Win NT Workstation - Mt thit b chut hoc cc thit b tr tng thch b. c tp tin Readme Tp tin ny lit k cc sa i trn ti liu ca VB t khi n c pht hnh. Kim tra phn u ca tp tin ny nm c thng tin mi, chi tit v ci t VB. c. Qu trnh ci t - t a CD-ROM vo a CD-ROM - Dng lnh thch hp vi mi trng h iu hnh thi hnh chng trnh Setup cha trong th mc gc ca a s 1. Chng hn vi Win 98, chn Start Run nhp vo E:\Setup (gi s E l tn a CD trn my ci t). - Chn Install Visual Basic 6.0 - Ln lt lm theo nhng hng dn trn mn hnh d. Khi ng Visual Basic Sau khi hon tt th tc ci t, ta c th khi ng VB bng cch s dng nt Start trn thanh cng vic ca Windows. Nu h thng h tr AutoPlay, ta c th khi ng VB bng cch t a VB vo a. 2. Ci t Microsoft Access 97 Microsoft Acces 97 nm trong b Microsoft Office 97. a a CD cha b Office 97 vo my v thc hin lnh Setup bt u qu trnh ci t. Nn chn mc Custom ci y b Access.

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