n tt nghip K thut in

cao p
ch ng2:
tnh ton ch tiu bo v chng st ng dy
ng dy trong HT lm nhim v truyn ti in nng
n cc h dng in. ng dy l phn t phi hng chu
nhiu phng in st nht so vi cc phn t khc trong HT.
Khi ng dy b phng in st nu bin dng st ln ti
mc lm cho qu in p xut hin ln hn in p phng
in xung kch ca cch in s dn n phng in v
gy ngn mch ng dy, buc my ct u ng dy
phi tc ng. Nh vy vic cung cp in b gin on. Nu
in p nh hn tr s phng in xung kch ca cch in
ng dy th sng st s truyn t ng dy vo trm bin
p v s dn ti cc s c trm trng ti trm bin p. V vy
bo v chng st cho ng dy phi xut pht t ch tiu
kinh t kt hp vi yu cu k thut v yu cu cung cp in
ca ng dy .
2.1- l thuyt tnh ton.
2.1.1- Phm vi bo v ca mt dy chng st.
Phm vi bo v ca dy chng st c th hin nh ( hnh
2-1 )
Trang 7
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p

h
x
Hnh 2-1: Phmvi bo vca mt dy chng st
.
1,2h
0,6h
h
x
h
0,2h
Dy chng st
Chiu rng ca phm vi bo v mc cao h
2
cng c tnh
theo cng thc sau:
+ Khi h
x
> 2/3h th b
x
= 0,6h (1-h
x
/h )
(2 1)
+ Khi h
x
h th b
x
= 1,2h (1- h
x
/0,8h
(2 2)
Chiu di ca phm vi bo v dc theo chiu di ng dy
nh hnh (2 2 ).
Trang 8
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p

C B
A
2
1
Hnh 2-2: Gc bo vca mt dy chng st.
C th tnh ton c tr s gii hn ca gc l = 31
0
, nhng
trong thc t thng ly khong = 20
0
25
0
.
2.1.2- Xc sut phng in st v s ln ct in do
st nh vo ng dy.
Vi treo cao trung bnh ca dy trn cng (dy dn
hoc dy chng st ) l h, ng dy s thu ht v pha
mnh cc phng in ca st trn di t c chiu rng l 6h
v chiu di bng chiu di ng dy (l). T s ln phng
in st xung t trn din tch 1 km
2
ng vi mt ngy st
l 0,1 0,15 ta c th tnh c tng s ln c st nh thng
vo ng dy (dy dn hoc dy chng st).
N=(0,6 0,9). h .10
-3
.l.n
ng.s
(2 3)
Trong :
+ h: cao trung bnh ca dy dn hoc dy
chng st (m).
Trang 9
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
+ l: chiu di ng dy (km ).
+ n
ng. s
:s ngy st /nm trong khu vc c ng dy
i qua.
V cc tham s ca phng in st : bin dng in (I
s
)
v dc ca dng in (a = di
s
/dt), c th c nhiu tr s
khc nhau, do khng phi tt c cc ln c st nh ln -
ng dy u dn n phng in trn cch in. Ch c
phng in trn cch in ca ng dy nu qu in p
kh quyn c tr s ln hn mc cch in xung kch ca -
ng dy. Kh nng phng in c biu th bi xc sut
phng in ( V
p
). S ln xy ra phng in s l:
N
p
= N. V
p
= ( 0,6 0,9 ). h . 10
-3
. l . n
ng s
. V
p
.
( 2 4 )
V thi gian tc dng ln qu in p kh quyn rt ngn
khong 100 s m thi gian ca cc bo v rle thng khng
b qu mt na chu k tn s cng nghip tc l khong 0,01s.
Do khng phi c c phng in trn cch in l ng
dy b ct ra. ng dy ch b ct ra khi tia la phng in
xung kch trn cch in tr thnh h quang duy tr bi in
p lm vic ca ng dy .
Xc sut hnh thnh h quang ( ) ph thuc vo Gradien
ca in p lm vic dc theo ng phng in :
= (E
lv
) ; E
lv
= U
lv
/l
p
(kV/m ).
Trong :
+ : xc sut hnh thnh h quang.
+ U
lv
: in p lm vic ca ng dy ( kV ).
+ l
p
: chiu di phng in ( m).
Do s ln ct in do st ca ng dy l:
Trang 10
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
N
c
= N
p
. . = (0,6 0,9). h. n
ng .s
. v
p
. .
(2 5)
so snh kh nng chu st ca ng dy c cc tham s
khc nhau, i qua cc vng c cng hot ng ca st khc
nhau ngi ta tnh tr s " sut ct ng dy" tc l s ln
ct do st khi ng dy c chiu di 100km.
n
c
= ( 0,06 0,09). h. n
ng s
. V
p
..
(2 6)
ng dy b tc dng ca st bi ba nguyn nhn sau:
+ St nh thng vo nh ct hoc dy chng st
ln cn nh ct.
+ St nh vng qua dy chng st vo dy dn.
+ st nh vo khong dy chng st gia khong
ct.
Cng c khi st nh xung mt t gn ng dy gy
qu in p cm ng trn ng dy, nhng trng hp ny
khng nguy him bng ba trng hp trn. Khi ng dy b st
nh trc tip s phi chu ng ton b nng lng ca phng
in st, do vy s tnh ton dy chng st cho ng dy vi
ba trng hp trn. Cui cng ta c s ln ct do st ca ng
dy.
n
c
= n
c
+ n
kv
+ n
dd
( 2 7)
Trong :
+ n
c
: s ln ct do st nh vo nh ct.
+n
kv
: s ln ct do st nh vo khong vt.
+ n
dd
: s ln ct do st nh vo dy dn.
Trang 11
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
2.1.2.1 - Cc s liu chun b cho tnh ton.
ng dy tnh ton l = 150km. (Ninh Bnh H ng)
X kiu cy thng, lp trn ct b tng n.
Dy chng st treo ti nh ct.
Dy dn c treo bi chui s - 4,5 gm 7 bt s, mi bt
s cao170mm.
Dy chng st dng dy thp C-70 c d = 11mm ; r =
5,5mm.
Dy dn dng dy AC-120mm c d = 19mm; r = 9,5mm.
Khong vt l 150m.
2.1.2.2 - Xc nh treo cao trung bnh ca dy chng st
v dy dn.
treo cao trung bnh ca dy c xc nh theo cng
thc:
h
dd
= h 2/3f .
(2 8)
Trong :
+ h: cao ca dy ti nh ct hay ti kho no ca
chui s.
+ f: vng ca dy chng st hay dy dn.
f
dd
= . l
2
/ 8. .
(2 9)
= p/s =492/120. 1000 = 0,0041.
(p : khi lng 1km dy AC- 120 ,p=492 Kg/Km ; s: tit
din dy AC-120 , s= 120 mm
2
.)
: h s c ca ng dy nhit trung bnh , =
7,25.
Trang 12
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p

16,2m
12m
1,5m
3m
3m
C
B
A
9,0m
1,2m
1,75m
Hnh 2-3: cao dy chng st v dy dn.

l: chiu di khong vt ca ng dy = 150m.
f
dd
= 0,0041.150
2
/8. 7,25 = 1,5905 m 1,6 m y ta
ly f
dd
= 1,8 m.
f
cs
= 1,5 m.
treo cao trung bnh ca dy dn theo (2-9) l:
h
dd
cs
= h
cs
2/3 f
cs
= 16,2 2/3.1,5 = 15,2m.
h
dd
tbA
= h
dd
A
2/3 f
dd
= 12 2/3. 1,8 = 10,8 m.
h
dd
tbB
= h
dd
B
2/3 f
dd
= 9 2/3. 1,8 = 7,8 m.
2.1.2.3- Tng tr sng ca dy chng st v dy dn.
Z
dd
= 60.ln (2.h
dd
/ r).
( 2 10 )
Z
dd
A
= 60. ln [ ( 2. 10,8) / (9,5. 10
-3
) ] = 463,75 .
Z
dd
B
= 60. ln [ ( 2. 7,8 ) / ( 9,5. 10
-3
) ] = 444,22 .
Vi dy chng st ta phi tnh tng tr khi c vng quang
v khi khng c vng quang.
+ Khi khng c vng quang:
Z
d
cs
=60. ln [ ( 2. 15,2 ) / ( 5,5. 10
-3
)] = 517
Trang 13
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
+ Khi c vng quang, ta phi chia Z
d
cs
cho h s hiu
chnh vng quang.
= 1,3 ( tra bng 3-3 sch hng dn thit k k thut
in cao p).
Z
dvq
cs
= Z
d
cs
/ = 517/1,3 = 397,69 .
2.1.2.4 - H s ngu hp gia dy dn chng st vi cc dy
pha.
Cng thc (2 11) c xc nh theo hnh (2 4).

2'
h
2
D
12
1 (A;B;C)
d
12
2
Hnh 2-4: Php chiu g ng qua mt t .

) (
r
h
ln
d
D
ln
K 11 2
2
2
2
12
12

Trong :
+ h
2
: cao trung bnh ca dy chng st.
+ D
12
: khong cch gia dy pha v nh ca dy chng
st.
+ d
12
: khong cch gia dy chng st v dy pha.
+ h
1
: cao trung bnh ca dy dn pha.
Trang 14
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
+ : h s hiu chnh vng quang ( = 1,3)
Theo kt qu tnh trc ta c:
h
dd
A
= 10,8m ; h
dd
B
= h
dd
C
= 7,8m ; h
dd
cs
= 15,2m.
p dng nh l Pitago ta c khong cch t dy chng st
n cc dy pha v t dy pha n nh ca dy chng st
nh hnh ( 2 5).
Vi pha A:
m , , , ) IA ( ) ID ( d 46 4 5 1 2 4
2 2 2 2
12
+ +
D

'
K
B C
1,75m
A
D
4
,
2
m
1
2
m
9
m
1
6
,
2
m
1
6
,
2
m
K
1,5m
Hnh 2-5: Xc nh khong cch theo php chiu g ng qua mt t.

m , , ) IE ( ) IA ( D 046 24 24 5 1
2 2 2 2
12
+ +
Vi pha B,C:
m , , , ) IB ( ) ID ( d 41 7 75 1 2 7
2 2 2 2
12
+ +
Trang 15
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
m , , ) IE ( ) IB ( D 08 18 18 75 1
2 2 2 2
12
+ +

H s ngu hp gia pha A v dy chng st : p dng cng
thc (2 11):

19768 0
10 5 5
2 15 2
46 4
5 24
3
,
. ,
, .
ln
,
,
ln
K

Khi c vng quang: K

A-cs
vq
= K
A-cs
. = 1,3. 0,19768 = 0,257.
H s ngu hp pha B (hoc pha C )vi dy chng st:
1 0
10 5 5
2 15 2
41 7
08 18
3
,
. ,
, .
ln
,
,
ln
K K
cs C cs B

Khi c vng quang :
13 0 3 1 1 0 , , . , K K
vq
cs C
vq
cs B


2.1.2.5- Gc bo v ca chng st.
T hnh (2 2 ) ta c:
0
65 19 357 0
2 4
5 1
, ,
,
,
tg
A A

0
66 13 243 0
2 7
75 1
, ,
,
,
tg tg
C B C B

2.1.2.6- S ln st nh vo ng dy.
p dng cng thc (2-4) vi l = 100km ; h
dd
cs
= 15,2 m ; n
ng.s
=
70ngy/ nm ; mt st = 0,15. Ta c:
N = 0,15. 6 . 15,2. 70. 100. 10
-3
= 96 ln/ 100km. nm.
T c s l thuyt v cc kt qu trn ta tin hnh tnh ton
sut ct cho ng dy vi ba kh nng nu i vi ng
110kV.
Trang 16
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
2.2 - tnh sut ct ca ng dy 110kv do st nh
vng qua dy chng st vo dy dn.
ng dy c U 110kV c bo v bng dy chng st,
tuy vy vn c nhng trng hp st nh vng qua dy chng
st vo dy dn. Tuy xc sut ny nh nhng vn c xc nh
bi cng thc sau:
4
90
h
V lg
cs

(2-15)
Trong :
: gc bo v ca dy chng st ( ).
h
cs
: chiu cao ct dy chng st ( m).
Khi dy dn b st nh, dng trn dy dn l I
S
/4, v
mch ca khe st s c ni vi tng tr sng ca dy dn c
tr s nh hnh (2 6 )

Z
dd
/2 Z
dd
/ 2
I
s
/ 4 I
s
/4
I
s
/ 2
I
s
Z
0
Hnh (2 6): Dng in st khi st nh vo dy dn.
C th coi dy dn hai pha ghp song song v Z
dd
=
(400 500) nn dng in st gim i nhiu so vi khi st
Trang 17
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
nh vo ni c ni t tt. Ta c dng in st ni nh
l:

) (
I
Z
Z
Z
I I
s
dd
s
13 2
2
2
0
0

+

Z
0
: Tng tr sng ca khe st.
in p lc trn dy dn l:

4
Z . I
U
dd s
dd

(2-14)
Khi U
dd
U
50%
s
ca chui s th c phng in trn cch
in gy s c
ngn mch 1 pha N
(1 )
t ( 2 14) ta c th vit:

s
%
dd s
U
Z . I
50
4

Hay ln ca dng in st c th gy nn phng in
trn cch in l:

dd
s
%
s
Z
U
I
50
4

Ta c xc sut phng in trn cch in l:

) 15 2 ( e e V
dd
s
% 50
s
Z . 1 , 26
U . 4
1 , 26
I
pd

S ln st nh vng qua dy chng st vo dy dn:

N

= N. V

(2 16)
Trong :
N: tng s ln phng in st ca 100 km ng dy
c xc nh ti mc 2.1.4 l: 96 ln / 100km. nm.
Trang 18
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
V

: Xc sut st nh vng qua dy chng st vo dy dn

c xc nh theo ( 2 12)
Xc sut hnh thnh h quang ph thuc vo gradien ca
in p lm vic dc theo ng phng in ( E
lv
):
) 17 2 ( ) m / kV (
l
U
E
pd
lv
lv

+ l
p
: Chiu di ng phng in ly bng chiu di chui
s ( m ).
+ U
lv
: in p pha ca ng dy.
) m / kV ( ,
, .
E
lv
9 52
2 1 3
110

Da vo bng (21 1) sch gio trnh k thut in cao
p v th v bng phng php ni suy ta c: = 0,63
Bng 2 1: Xc nh hnh thnh h quang:
) m / kV (
l
U
E
pd
lv
lv

50 30 20 10
(n v tng i)
0,6 0,45 0,25 0,1
Ta c sut ct do st nh vng qua dy chng st vo
dy dn:
n
dd
= Nv

. v
p

(2 18)
Trang 19
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p

0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
E
lv
(kV/m)
Hnh (2 7): ni suy xc nh
T ( 2 18) ta thy v

v v
p
u ph thuc t l chiu cao
ct h hay cao dy dn v gc bo v , cao dy dn
tng hoc tng u lm cho n
dd
tng, vy ta chn pha A l
pha c gc bo v ln nht v h
dd
A
ln hn so vi pha B v pha
C tnh sut ct cho ng dy.
Pha A c
A
= 19,65
0
; h
dd
A
= 10,8m.
Z
dd
A
= 463,75 ; h
cs
= 16,2m.
Thay cc s liu trn vo cng thc ( 2 12 ) ta c:
3
10 756 0 12 3 4
90
2 16 65 19

. , V ,
, . ,
V lg
Xc sut phng in trn cch in pha A theo cng thc
( 2 15 )
804 0
75 463 1 26
660 4
1 26
4
1 26
50
, e e e V
, . ,
.
Z . ,
U .
,
I
pd
dd
s
%
s

U
50%c
= 660kV i vi ng dy 110kV [ tra bng ( 9 5) K
thut in cao p ].
Thay s vo (2 18 ) ta c:
Trang 20
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
n
dd
= 96. 0,756.10
-3
. 0,804. 0,63. = 0,03676 ln / 100km.
nm.
2.3- Tnh sut ct ca ng dy 110kV do st nh
vo khong v t.
Theo sch hng dn thit k K thut in cao p th s
ln st nh vo khong vt l:
N
kv
= N / 2
( 2 19)
Trong : N l s ln st nh vo ng dy c tnh
trn mc (2.1.4) N = 96 ln / 100km. nm.
Vy N
kv
= 96 / 2 = 48 ln / 100km. nm.
Trong 48 ln st nh vo khong vt th xc sut hnh
thnh h quang khi phng in c xc nh ti mc [ 2.2 ]
bng phng php ni suy trn hnh (2-7) c = 0,63.
Sut ct ca ng dy 110kV do st nh vo khong vt nh
sau:
n
kv
= N
kv
. V
p
.
(2 20)
tnh V
p
ta phi xc nh xc sut phng in trn cch
in ca ng dy.
2.3.1- Ph ng php xc nh Vp.
Ta coi dng in st c dng xin gcvi bin I
s
= a. t.
Qu in p st xut hin trn cch in ca ng dy
gm hai thnh phn:
lv cd cd
U ) a , I ( U ) t ( U +
Trong :
+
: ) a , I ( U
cd

l thnh phn qu in p do dng st

gy ra ph
Trang 21
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
thuc vo bin (I) v dc st (a).
+ U
lv
: in p lm vic ca ng dy
Xc sut cc dng in st c bin I I
s
v dc a
a
s
l:
)
,
a
,
I
(
a , I
s s
e V
9 10 1 26
+

(2
22)
Ti thi im t
i
no in p trn cch in ln hn
hoc bng in p chu ng cho php ca cch in, ly
theo c tnh vn giy (V- S) ca chui s, th phng in
s xy ra:

'

+
i i i
i pd lv i i cd i cd
t . a I
) t ( U U ) a ; I .( U ) t ( U
( 2 23)
U
p
(t
i
) in p phng in ly theo c tnh vn giy ( V
S ) ti t
i
.
Do coi dng in c dng I = a. t th thnh phn U
c
'
(I,a) t
l vi dc a. c th t: U
c
'
(I,a) = Z.a
(2 24)
Vy: U
p
(t
i
) = Z.a
i
+ U
lv
(2 25)
Hay ta c dc u sng nguy him a
i
ti thi im t
i
:

Z
U ) t ( U
a
lv i pd
i

(2
26)
Z l hng s i vi I v a nn c th tnh c:
a
U ) t ( U
Z
lv i pd

(2
27)
T ( 2 26 ) v ( 2 27 ) ta c:
Trang 22
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
a
) t ( U
U ) t ( U
a
i cd
lv i pd
i

Mt khc ta c :
i i i
t . a I

Da vo cc cp (I
i
,a
i
) v ng cong nguy him hnh (2
8)
Min nguy
him
I
a
Hnh (2 8): ng cong nguy him
Xc sut phng in c tnh theo xc sut xut hin
min bn phi pha trn ng cong nguy him hnh (2 8)
T ng cong nguy him ta c th xc nh c:

1
0
a i pd
dV . V V
, vi:
9 10 1 26 ,
a
a
,
I
i
i i
e V ; e V


Bng phng php gn ng v tuyn tnh ho ng cong
nguy him chia ng cong thnh: n = ( 10 15 ) khong, ta
c:

n
i
a I pd
i i
V . V V
1
Sau khi xc nh c V
p
, thay s vo ( 2 20 ) ta c sut
ct do st nh vo khong vt ca ng dy 110kV.
Trang 23
( 2 28 )
( 2 29 )
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
2.3.2- Trnh t tnh ton.
n gin ho trong tnh ton, coi nh st nh vo
khong gia ca dy chng st trong khong vt, khi dng
in st c chia u cho hai pha ca dy chng st nh
hnh (2 9 ).
a.t/2
a.t/2
Hnh (2 9) : St nh vo dy chng st gia khong v t.
R
C
R
C
R
C
Nh gi thit dng in st c dng xin gc:

<

ds ds
ds
s
t nu . a
t nu t . a
I
Ta s tnh ton I
s
ng vi cc gi tr trong bng (2 1) sau
y:
a(kA / s) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
t (s) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
in p trn dy chng st ti nh ct c tr s U
cs
l:
( )
c c c c c c cs
L t . R
a
L
a
R
t . a
dt
t . a
d
. L R
t . a
U + +

,
_

+
2 2 2
2
2
Trong :
+ R
c
: in tr ni t ct
Trang 24
( 2 30 )
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
+ L
c
: in tr thn ct tnh theo chiu cao v tr dy
chng st.
L
c
= h
cs
. L
0
L
0
: in cm n v di ca ct ( L
0
= 0,6 H/m )
Vi h
cs
= 16,2m ta c L
c
=16,2.0,6 = 9,72 H
in p trn dy dn l U
dd
c k n nh hng ca vng
quang:
U
dd
= - K
vq
.U
cs
+ U
lv
Trong :
+ U
lv
l in p trung bnh ca pha.
kV , . .
,
U
. U .
dt . t . sin . U .
U
lv
lv
17 57
3
2
110
14 3
2
3
2 2
3
2 1
0

K
vq
: h s ngu hp ca dy dn pha vi dy chng st c
k n nh hng ca vng quang.
in p t trn chui cch in l tng i s ca U
dd
v
U
cs
:
U
c
= U
cs
+ U
dd
= U
cs
- K
vq
. U
cs
+ U
lv
( 2 31 )
U
c
= U
cs
. (1- K
vq
) + U
lv
( ) ( )
lv vq c c cd
U K . L t . R .
a
U + + 1
2
T biu thc ( 2 32 ) ta thy khi K
vq
nh th U
c
ln do vy
theo ti liu hng dn thit k tt nghip cao p th khi tnh
ton phi tnh vi pha c h s ngu hp nh nht mc
( 2.1.3.3 ) ta c:
13 0 257 0 , K K ; , K
vq
cs C
vq
cs B
vq
cs A


Trang 25
( 2 32 )
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
Ta tnh U
c
vi K
vq
= 0,13; R
c
= 20 .
U
c
= a/2. (20. t + 9,72 ). (1- 0,257) + 57,17
(kV)
Cho cc gi tr a khc nhau ta tnh c in p t ln
chui cch in ca ng dy nh trn bng ( 2 2 )
Bng ( 2 2 ): Gi tr U
c
khi st nh vo khong vt, khi
dc a thay
i v cc thi im khc nhau vi R
c
= 20

a t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 168 242 316 390 465 539 613 688 762 836
20 278 427 575 724 872 1021 1170 1318 1467 1615
30 388 611 834 1057 1280 1503 1726 1949 2172 2394
40 499 796 1093 1390 1688 1985 2282 2579 2876 3174
50 609 981 1352 1724 2095 2467 2838 3210 3581 3953
60 720 1165 1611 2057 2503 2949 3394 3840 4286 4732
70 830 1350 1870 2390 2910 3431 3951 4471 4991 5511
80 940 1535 2129 2724 3318 3912 4507 5101 5696 6290
90 1051 1720 2388 3057 3726 4394 5063 5732 6400 7069
100 1161 1904 2647 3390 4133 4876 5619 6362 7105 7848
T cc gi tr trn ta v ng U
c
= f(t) v a, trn hnh v cn
th hin ng c tnh (V- S) ca chui cch in
ng c tnh vn giy (V S) ca chui cch in s
ct cc hm U
c
= f(a; t; R
c
) ti cc v tr m t ta c thi
gian xy ra phng in trn chui s nh hnh (2 11).
c tuyn vn giy (V-S) ca chui s c tra trong bng
25 sch hng dn thit k tt nghip k thut in cao p
Bng ( 2 3 ): c tnh vn giy (V-S) ca chui cch
in
t(s) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Trang 26
100
80
60
40
20
0
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
U
p
(kV) 1020 960 900 855 830 810 805 800 797 795
T cc gi tr trn ta v c ng f(t) v a, trn hnh v ny
cn th hin ng c tnh vn giy (V-S) ca chui cch
in. Ta c th hnh (2 11)
T th hnh (2 10 ) ta c:
t
i
= 0,53; 0,61; 0,73; 0,88; 1,13; 1,42; 1,95; 2,9; 4,88; 11,9
Ti thi im phng in t
i
tng ng cc dc u sng
a
i
ta c tr s st nguy him: I
i
= a
i
. t
i
, t cp s ca (I ; a) ta
v c ng cong thng s nguy him hnh (2 10).

10 20 30 40 50 60 70
80 90
a (kA/s)
Hnh(2 10): ng cong thng s nguy him khi st nh
vo khong vt.
Trong hnh 2-11 di y ta lu cc im sau :
- Xc sut phng in V
p
l xc sut m ti c cc cp
thng s (I
i
;a
i
) thuc min nguy him
{ } N ) I ; a ( P V
pd

Trang 27
0 1 2 3
4 5
1 2 3
4 5
Min nguy
him


I

(
k
A
)













Min nguy him
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
- Cc cp s (I
i
; a
i
) nm trong min gii hn nguy him th s
xy ra phng in. Do xc sut phng in trn cch in
chnh l xc sut cho cp s (I
i
; a
i
) thuc min nguy
him.
dV
p
= P (a a
i
) P (I I
i
). (
2 33 )
Trong :
+ P(I I
i
): l xc sut cho dng in I ln hn gi tr
dng in I
i
no .
+ P(a a
i
): l xc sut cho dc a ln hn gi tr a
i
no gy ra phng in
Trang 28
0 1 2 3
4 5
1 2 3
4 5


I

(
k
A
)













n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
Hnh 211: in p t ln cch in ca ng dy khi
st nh vo
khong vt U
c
(a,t) vi R
c
= 20 v c tnh
vn giy (V-S)
ca chui cch in U
p
(t).
+ P(a a
i
) = P( a
i
da a a
i
+ da ) = dVa
Vi:
( )
i
,
a
a
a a P e V
i

9 10
Thay vo biu thc ( 2 34 ) c:
dV
p
= V
i
.dV
a

Trang 29
0 1 2 3
4 5
500
0
400
0
300
0
200
0
100
0
0
c tnh
(v-s)
1 2 3
4 5
a=90kA/
s
a=20kA/
s
a=30kA/
s
a=100kA/
s
a=10kA/
s
a=40kA/
s
a=50kA/
s
a=60kA/
s
a=70kA/
s
a=80kA/
s


I

(
k
A
)













n tt nghip K thut in
cao p

1
0
a I pd
dV . V V
Bng phng php sai phn xc nh c:

n
1 i
ai Ii pd
V V V
Vi :
9 , 10
a
a
1 , 26
I
I
i i
e V ; e V


Do trong tnh ton v ng cong thng s nguy him ta
ch tnh vi 10 gi tr ca a v I nn phi tin hnh ngoi suy
ph kn cc gi tr ca chng.
Ta c cc kt qu nh bng (2 4 ). Tnh c V
p.
=
0,00767.
2.3.3- Tnh sut ct tng do st nh vo khong v t
ng dy ti in 110kV.
Sut ct do st nh vo khong vt c xc nh theo
cng thc:
n
kv
= N
kv
. V
p
. (ln / 100km. nm )
( 2 35 )
N
kv
= N/ 2 = 96/ 2 = 48
Vy: n
kv
= 48. 0,00767. 0,63 = 0,204 ( ln / 100km.
nm )
2.4- tnh sut ct ca ng dy110kV do st nh vo
nh ct hoc ln cn nh ct.
i vi ng dy c dy chng st bo v, phn ln th st
nh vo dy chng st khong vt v nh vo khu vc
nh ct hoc ln cn nh ct. n gin ta xt trng
hp st nh ngay nh ct nh hnh (2 12 ):

Trang 30
( 2 34 )
i
c
i
c
I
cs
I
cs
I 0
i
c
R
c
R
c
R
c
Hnh 2-12 : St nh nh ct ng dy c dy
chng st bo v .
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
2.4.1- L thuyt tnh ton.
Khi st nh vo nh ct ng dy c treo dy chng
st, a s dng in st s i vo t qua b phn ni t
ca ct, phn cn li theo dy chng st i vo cc b phn
ni t ca cc ct ln cn.
in p trn cch in ca ng dy khi st nh vo
nh ct c treo dy chng st l:
lv cs
d
cu
is dd iC dd
c c c cd
U ) t ( kU ) t ( U
dt
d
) t ( M
dt
d
L R i ) t ( U + + + +
Trong biu thc trn in p xut hin trn cch in gm:
+ Thnh phn in p ging trn in tr v in
cm ca ct do dng st i trong ct gy ra:
dt
d
L R i
ic
dd
c c c
+
+Thnh phn in ca in p cm ng xut hin trn
dy dn do h cm gia dy dn v knh st gy ra:
dt
d
) t ( M
is dd
+
+Thnh phn t cu in p cm ng xut hin trn dy
dn do h cm gia dy dn v knh st gy ra:
Trang 31
( 2 36
)
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
d
cu
U +
+Thnh phn in p do dng in i trong dy chng
st gy ra, k l h s ngu hp gia dy dn v dy chng
st : kU
cs
+in p lm vic trung bnh ca ng dy : U
lv
Du tr (-) th hin in p ny ngc du vi thnh phn
in p khc trong cng thc (2 36).V vy thnh phn ny
lm gim in p trn cch in khi b st nh.
2.4.1.1- Cc thnh phn in p ging trn in tr v in
cm ca ct do dng in st i trong ct gy ra.
Cc thnh phn in p ging trn in tr v in cm
ca ct do dng in st i trong ct v in p trn dy
chng st lin quan vi nhau v chngph thuc vo in p
i trong ct v dy chng st. tnh ton cc thnh phn
ny c th da vo s tng ng ca mch dn dng
in st. Ta chia lm hai trng hp:
a/ Tr ng hp 1: Khi cha c sng phn x t ct bn tr v:
v
l .
t
kv
2

Trong :
+ l
kv
: l chiu di khong vt
+ = c. vi: c l tc nh sng ;
: tc phng in ngc tng i ca dng st.
S tng ng ca mch dn dng in st nh hnh
( 2 13 )
Trang 32
i
c
i
cs
i
cs
i
s
2
vq
cs
Z
dt
di
t M
s cs
). (
2i
cs
R
c
cs
c
L
i
s
i
c
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
Hnh ( 2 13 ): S tng ng mch n dng st khi
cha c sng
phn x ti
Trong s dng st c coi nh mt ngun dng, cn
thnh phn t ca in p cm ng trn dy chng st nh
mt ngun p.
M
cs
l h cm gia knh st v mch vng " dy chng st -
t ".

,
_

+
+
1
h
H
ln
h 2
h
H ). 1 (
H t . v
ln . h . 2 , 0 ) t ( M
cs
cs
cs
(2-37)
Trong :
+h
cs
: cao dy chng st ; h
dd
: treo cao ca dy
dn ;
h
c
: cao ca ct.
+H = h
dd
+ h
cs
;
+h = h
c
- h
dd
;
+ : tc phng in ngc tng i ca dng st.
Theo sch hng dn thit k k thut in cao p ta c =
0,3.
+ = .c vi c l tc nh sng c = 3.10
8
m/s = 300m/s
+L
c
cs
; L
c
dd
: l in cm ca ct t mt t ti dy chng
st hoc dy dn.
Trang 33
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p

,
_

+ 1
h
H
ln
h 2
h
r
H 2
ln h . 2 , 0 L
dd td
dd
dd
c
( 2 38 )
Khi tnh cho dy chng st ta ch vic thay h
dd
bi h
cs
r
td
: Bn knh tng ng ca dy tip a t ct xung cc
ni t chnh l dy dn dng st trong thn ct.
T s thay th dy chng st c biu th bi tng tr
sng ca dy chng st, c xt n nh hng ca vng
quang. T s hnh ( 2 13 ) ta vit h phng trnh nh
sau:
Phng trnh mch vng(*)
Phng trnh th nt(**)

'

+
+ + +
(**) t . a i i i
(*)
Z
. i ) t ( M . a
dt
di
. L R . i
s cs c
vq
cs
s cs
c cs
c c
2
0
2
2

Gii h phng trnh nyc kt qu l:
1
1
]
1

1
2
vq
cs
cs
vq
cs
vq
cs
c
Z
) t ( M t . Z
Z
a
) t ( i
(2
39 )
c
vq
cs
vq
cs c
cs
c
c
vq
cs
R . Z
Z . a
dt
di
L .
R . Z
2
2
2
1
+

+

Tng tr sng ca dy chng st Z
cs
c xc nh bi:
cs
tb
cs
cs
r
h .
ln . Z
2
60 (2
40 )
Trong :
Trang 34
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
2
3
2
ds
r
f h h
cs
cs cs
tb
cs

in p ging trn dy chng st U
cs
(t) =i
cs
(t).Z
cs
b/ Tr ng hp 2: Khi c sng phn x t ct bn tr v: t >
2l
kv
/ v:
Trng hp ny tnh chnh xc phi p dng phng php c
tnh, y n gin ta tnh gn ng tc l c th
thay dy chng st bng in cm tp trung ni tip vi in
tr ca t ca hai ct bn cnh nh hnh ( 2 14 )
2i
cs
2
cs
L
dt
di
t M
s cs
). (
2i
cs
R
c
cs
c
L
i
s
i
c
2
cs
R
Hnh 214: S tng ng mch dn dng in khi
c sng phn x ti
L
cs
: l in cm ca mt khong vt dy chng st khong
k n nh hng ca vng quang.
c
i . Z
L
kv cs . o
cs

Trong : + Z
o.cs
: l tng tr sng ca dy chng st
khng k n nh hng ca vng quang .
+ l
kv
: chiu di khong vt
+ c : tc nh sng c =300/s
Trang 35
( 2 41 )
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
T s ta xc nh c:
[ ]
[ ]
) ( e . .
R
) t ( M L . a
dt
di
) ( ) e .(
R
) t ( M L . a
) t ( i
t . cs cs c
t . cs cs
c
43 2
2
2
42 2 1
2
2
2
2
2

c
cs cs
L . L
R
2
2
2
+

2.4.1.2-Thnh phn in ca in p cm ng.
Khi khng c dy chng st:
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
) (
H . h .
H t . V . h t . V . h t . V
ln .
a . h . ,
) t ( U
cv dd d
cu
44 2
1
1 0
2

+
+ + +

Khi c dy chng st:

,
_

dd
cs d
o . cu
d
cu
h
h
K 1 ). t ( U ) t ( U
(2-45)
Vi K l h s ngu hp gia dy dn vi dy chng st.
2.4.1.3-Thnh phn t ca in p cm ng:
dc ca dng st a = (di
c
/dt) c th coi l mt hng s
i vi mi dng in st. Do tnh thnh phn t ca
in p cm ng ta phi xc nh M
dd
(t).
) (
h
H
ln .
h
h
H ). (
H t . v
ln h , ) t ( M
dd
dd
dd
46 2 1
2 1
2 0

,
_

+
+

2.4.1.4-Xc nh sut phng in V

p
:
T cc gi tr in p ging trn chui cch in v t c
tuyn vn giy ca chui s ta c cc gi tr thi gian xy ra
phng in (t
i
) . Bin dng in st nguy him s l: I
i
= a
i
. t
i
T y ta c xc sut phng in l:
Trang 36
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
) 47 2 ( V . V V
n
1 i
a I pd
i i

Sut ct do st nh vo nh ct: n
c
= V
p
. N
c
.
2.4.2- Trnh t tnh ton.
S ln st nh vo nh ct hoc ln cn nh ct.
N
c
=N/2 = 96/2 = 48 ln /100km.nm
Xc sut hnh thnh h quang: = 0,63
Xc nh V
p
:
xc nh V
p
ta phi xc nh in p t trn chui
cch in khi st nh vo nh ct hoc ln cn nh
ct.
R
c
= 20
L
c
dd
= L
o
.h
dd
= 0,6.12 = 7,2H vi L
o
l in cm n v
di thn ct.
v = .c = 0,3.300 = 90 m/s l vn tc phng in ngc
ca dng in st (theo sch hng dn thit k k thut in
cao p ta c = 0,3 ; c l vn tc nh sng c = 300m/s).
U
lv
vn tc trung bnh ca ng dy.
kV ,
.
. .
U
lv
17 57
3
110 2 2

Cc thnh phn cn li ca in p trong cng thc ( 2 36 )

u ph thuc vo dc a, thi gian t v cao ca dy
dn.
2.4.2.1- in p ging trn chui cch in ca pha A.
a/ Thnh phn in ca in p cm ng:
Thay cng thc( 2 43 ) vo cng thc ( 2 44 ) ta c:
Trang 37
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
) (
H . h . h . ) (
) H t . v ).( h t . v ( ). h t . v (
ln .
a . h . ,
.
h
h . K
) t ( U
c
c
A
dd
A
dd
cs d
cu
48 2
1
1 0
1
2

1
1
]
1

+
+ + +

,
_

Trong :
+H s ngu hp khi c nh hng ca vng quang pha A :
K
A-cs
vq
= 0,257 ( tnh 2.1.3.3 ).
+ h
cs
=h
c
=16,2m ; h
dd
= h
dd
A
= 12m.
H = h
cs
+ h
dd
= 16,2+12 = 28,8m ;
h = h
cs
h
dd
=16,2 12 = 4,2m.
= 0,3 ;ly a = 10 ; t = 3s.
Ta c bng (2 4 )
b/ Thnh phn t ca in p cm ng:
dt
di
) t ( M
dt
di
. L ) t ( U
s
dd
c dd
c
t
cu
+ ;
L
c
dd
= L
o
.h
dd
A
= 7,2H
p dng cng thc ( 2 46 ) ta c:
95 8 1
2 4
2 28
12 2
2 4
2 28 3 0 1
2 28 3 90
12 2 0 ,
,
,
ln .
.
,
, ). , (
, .
ln . . , ) t ( M
dd

,
_

+
+
+

a =di
s
/dt : dc u sng ca st
di
c
/dt: tc bin thin ca dng in i trong thn ct
c xt ti s thay i trc v sau phn x ca sng st t ct
ln cn tr v.
c/ in p trn dy dn gy ra bi dng in st i trong
dy chng st K.U
cs
(t).:
dt
di
). t ( M
dt
di
. L R . i ) t ( U
c cs c cs
c s s cs
+ +
L
c
cs
= L
o
. h
cs
= 9,72H
- Ta phi tm i
c
v di
c
/dt trong hai trng hp:
Trang 38
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
+ Tr ng hp 1: Trc khi c sng phn x t ct ln cn v
l khong thi gian t 2.l
kv
/c (l
kv
= 150m l chiu di
khong vt ).
t 2.150 /300 =1s.
Theo cng thc ( 2 39 ) v ( 2 40 ) ta c:
1
1
]
1

1
2
vq
cs
cs
vq
cs
vq
cs
c
Z
) t ( M t . Z
Z
a
) t ( i
c
vq
cs
vq
cs c
R . Z
Z . a
dt
di
2 +

trong :
cs
c
c
vq
cs
L .
R . Z
2
2
1
+

Nhn xt: Khi R; a; t thay i th i
c
(t) v di
c
/dt thay i.
+ Trng hp 2: Khi c sng st phn x t ct ln cn tr
v :
l thi gian t > 2.l
kv
hay t > 2.150 /300 = 1s.
Theo cng thc ( 2 42 ) v ( 2 43 ) ta c:
[ ]
) 49 2 ( ) e 1 .(
R 2
) t ( M 2 L . a
) t ( i
t . cs cs
c
2

V :
[ ]
) 50 2 ( e . .
R 2
) t ( M 2 L . a
dt
di
t .
2
cs cs c
2

Trong :
144 0
72 9 2 19 257
20 2
2
2
2
,
, . ,
.
L . L
R .
cs
c cs
c

+

+

Vit li biu thc in p trn chui cch in:
lv cs
d
cu
is dd iC dd
c c c cd
U ) t ( kU ) t ( U
dt
d
) t ( M
dt
d
L R i ) t ( U + + + +
Vi di
s
/ dt = a ta c :
Trang 39
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
) t ( M . a
dt
di
L R i ) t ( U
cs c dd
c c c cs
+ +
Ta c:
lv
d
cu
cs dd cs
c
dd
c
c
c c cd
U ) t ( U ) t ( M . K ) t ( M .( a ) L . K L (
dt
di
) K ( R i ) t ( U + + + + + 1
Vi K l h s ngu hp ca pha A vi dy chng st c k n
nh hng ca vng quang K
A-cs
v q
= 0,254
Thay s vo ta c:
17 , 57 ) t ( U )} t ( M . 257 , 0 ) t ( M .{ a
) 72 , 9 . 257 , 0 2 , 7 (
dt
di
) 257 , 0 1 ( R i ) t ( U
d
cu
cs dd
c
c c cd
+ + +
+ +
(2 51)
2.4.2.2 - in p ging trn chui cch in ca pha B; C.
a/ Thnh phn U
cu

(t) theo cng thc (2-) v (2-)

Vi = 0,3; K
B-cs
vq
= 0,257 ; h
dd
= h
dd
B
= 9 m ;
H = h
cs
+ h
dd
B
= 16,2 + 9 = 25,2m
h = h
cs
- h
dd
B

= 7,2m
) ( , t t . ) , t , ( ln . a . , ) t ( U
, . , . , . ) , (
) , t . ).( , t . ( ). , t . (
ln .
,
. a . , , . ,
) t ( U
d
cu
d
cu
52 2 44 118 2916 8100 054 0 3 0 07 2
2 28 2 4 2 16 3 0 1
2 28 90 2 4 90 2 16 90
3 0
9 1 0
9
2 16 172 0
1
2
2

1
]
1

+ + +
1
1
]
1

+
+ + +

,
_

b /Thnh phn U
cu
t
(t) :
L
c
dd
= L
0
h
dd
B
= 5,4H

) (
dt
di
. L
dt
di
). t ( M ) t ( U
c dd
c
s dd t
cu
53 2 +

[ ] 1 9 3 05 0 77 0 45 2 8 1
54 2 1
2 7
2 28
9 2
2 7
2 28 3 0 1
2 28 90
9 2 0
+ +

1
]
1

+
+
+

, ln , ) , t , ln( , M
) (
,
,
ln
.
,
, ). , (
, t
ln . , M
dd
dd
Trang 40
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
c / Thnh phn in p trn dy dn gy ra bi dng in
st i trong dy chng st: k.U
cs
(t)
dt
di
) t ( M
dt
di
. L R . i ) t ( U
s cs c cs
c c c cu
+ +
Theo tnh ton pha A ta xc nh c
1
;
2
L
cs
Theo cng thc ( 2 3 ) ta c :
[ ] 1 9 3 22 0 77 0 45 2 24 3
55 2 1
2 7
2 28
2 16 2
2 7
2 28 3 0 1
2 28 90
2 16 2 0
+ +

1
]
1

+
+
+

, ln . , ) , t , ln( . , M
) (
,
,
ln
, .
,
, ). , (
, t
ln , . , M
cs
cs
d/ Vi pha B,C ta c :
17 , 57 ) t ( U )} t ( M . 257 , 0 ) t ( M .{ a
) 72 , 9 . 257 , 0 2 , 7 (
dt
di
) 257 , 0 1 ( R i ) t ( U
d
cu
cs dd
c
c c
) C ( B
cd
+ + +
+ +
2.4.2.3- So snh in p ging trn chui cch in pha A v
pha B.
cng mt thi gian tc ng v cng mt dc ca dng
in st, cng mt thi gian tc ng v cng dc
ca dng in st, nu chui cch in ca pha no c in
p ging ln hn th pha c xc sut phng in ln hn.
Chn thng s ca dng in st tnh ton :
t = 3s; a =10kA/s.
a/ Tnh ton vi pha A:
Thay t v a vo cc cng thc ( 2 52 ); ( 2 53 ) ; ( 2 54 ):
kV 5 , 146 ) t ( U
d
cu

23 , 9 1
2 , 4
2 , 28
ln
2 , 16 . 2
2 , 4
2 , 28 ). 3 , 0 1 (
2 , 28 3 . 90
ln 2 , 16 . 2 , 0 ) t ( M
63 , 6 1
2 , 4
2 , 28
ln .
12 . 2
2 , 4
2 , 28 ). 3 , 0 1 (
2 , 28 3 . 90
ln 12 . 2 , 0 ) t ( M
cs
dd

1
]
1

+
+
+

1
]
1

+
+
+

Trang 41
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
Thay t ; a chn v R =20 vo cng thc ( 2 39 ) v ( 2
40 ):
[ ] ( )
s / kA , ) , . , (
, ,
e .
dt
di
kV , e . , ,
.
) t ( i
. ,
c
. ,
c

+

6 5 23 9 2 19 257
72 9 19 257
10
8 30 1 23 9 19 257
20 2
10
3 144 0
3 144 0
Thay cc gi tr U
c
dd
(t); M
dd
(t) ; M
cs
(t) ; i
c
(t) ; di
c
/dt vo ( 2 5
0):
U
c
A
(t) = (1-0,254).20.30,8+5,6.(7,2-0,254.9,72)+
+10. (6,63+0,254. 9,23)+146,5+57,17 =
716,3kV
b/Tnh ton vi pha B:
( )
kV ,
, . , . , . ) , (
, . ).( , . ( . , .
ln .
,
. . ,
.
, . ,
) t ( U
d
cu
15 124
2 25 2 7 2 16 3 0 1
2 25 3 90 2 7 3 90 2 16 3 90
3 0
9 10 1 0
9
13 0 2 16
1
2

1
1
]
1

+
+ + +

,
_

( ) ( )
59 5 46 9 2 19 257
72 9 2 19 257
10
85 20 1 46 9 2 19 257
20 2
10
46 9 1
2 7
2 25
2 16 2
2 7
2 25 3 1
2 25 3 90
2 16 2 0
236 5 1
2 7
2 25
9 2
2 7
2 25 3 1
2 25 3 90
9 2 0
3 144 0
3 144 0
, ) , . , (
, . ,
e .
dt
di
, e . , . ,
.
) t ( i
,
,
,
ln
, .
,
, . ,
, .
ln , . , ) t ( M
,
,
,
ln .
.
,
, ,
, .
ln . , ) t ( M
. ,
c
. ,
c
cs
dd

+

1
]
1

+
+

1
]
1

+
+
+

Thay cc gi tr va tnh ton vo cng thc ta c:

U
c
B
(t) = (1-0,13)20.20,85+5,59(5,4-
0,13.9,72)+10(5,236+0,13.9,46)
Trang 42
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
+124,15+57,17 = 631,9kV.
So snh in p trn cch in khi ng dy b phng
in ta thy:
U
c
A
= 716,3kV > U
c
B
= 631,9kV. Vy vi cng mt tham s
ca dng in st th chui cch in ca pha A phi chu
in p ln hn so vi pha B v Pha C. Do ta s tnh xc sut
phng in khi st nh vo nh ct vi cc thng s k
thut ca pha A.
2.4.3-Tnh xc sut phng in.
Trong biu thc tnh i
c
(t) v di
c
/dt ta phi tnh trc M
cs
(t) vi
cc khong chia nh ca thi gian (vi t = 3s).
41 , 8 1
2 , 4
2 , 28
ln
2 , 16 . 2
2 , 4
2 , 28 ). 3 , 0 1 (
2 , 28 t . 90
ln 2 , 16 . 2 , 0 ) t ( M
63 , 6 1
2 , 4
2 , 28
ln .
12 . 2
2 , 4
2 , 28 ). 3 , 0 1 (
2 , 28 t . 90
ln 12 . 2 , 0 ) t ( M
cs
dd

1
]
1

+
+
+

1
]
1

+
+
+

Bng (2 5): Gi tr tnh ton ca M

cs
(t) v M
dd
(t) "vi t = 3s
"
t(s) 0,5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
M
dd
(t)
3,26 4,41 5,76 6,63 7,26 7,76 8,2 8,53 8,83 9,1 9,4
M
cs
(t)
3,86 5,41 7,24 8,41 9,26 9,94 10 11 11,4 11,7 12
T kt qu trong bng ( 2- 4 ) ta tnh i
c
(t); di
c
/dt theo a v R
vi 2 khong thi gian l t 1s v t 1s.
a/ Vi t 1s ta tnh i
c
(t) ; di
c
/dt theo cng thc (249) v
cng thc (250)
1
]
1

+

1
]
1

5 22
2
397
20 2 387
5 22
72 9 2
20 2 397 2
2
1
1
,
) t ( M .
t .
.
a
) t ( i
,
, .
.
;
) t ( M .
t . Z
R Z
a
) t ( i
cs
c
cs
vq
cs
c
vq
cs
c
Trang 43
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
a . ,
.
. a
R . Z
Z . a
dt
di
c
vq
cs
vq
cs c
908 0
20 2 397
397
2

+

b/ Vi t 1s ta xc nh i
c
(t) v di
c
/dt theo cng thc ( 2
49 ) v (2 50) ta c kt qu bng (2 6 ) v bng (2 7 ):
[ ]
[ ] ) e 1 .( ) t ( M 2 19 , 257
20 . 2
a
) t ( i
144 , 0
) e 1 .( L
R . 2
a
) t ( i
t . 144 , 0
cs c
2
t .
) t ( M . 2 cs
c
c
2
cs

[ ]
72 9 2 19 257
2
2
144 0
2
, . ,
e . a
) t ( M L .
L L
e , a
dt
di
t . ,
cs cs
c
cs cs
t .
c
+

+

Cho bin dng st nhn cc gi tr khc nhau t 10 n
100kA chng ta tnh c in p t ln cch in ca ng
dy. Kt qu tnh c ghi bng (2 8).
T bng (2 8) v d th U
cd
(t , a) v c tnh (v - s) ta dc
cc gi tr T
i
v cc s liu tnh ton bng (2 9).
T bng (2 9) ta tnh c V
p
= 0,0397.
Tnh sut ct do st nh vo nh ct hoc ln cn
nh ct:
n
c
= N
c
. V
p
. (ln / 100km. nm )
N
c
= N / 2 = 96 / 2 = 48
Vy:
n = 48. 0,0397. 0,63 = 1,2 ( ln / 100km. nm ).
2.5- Tnh sut ct tng do st nh vo ng dy ti
in 110kV.
Sut ct ton b ng dy khi c st nh trc tip c
xc nh bi:
n = n
dd
+ n
kv
+ n
c
(ln /100km.nm)
Ta tnh c sut ct n
dd
; n
kv
; n
c
cc phn trn:
Trang 44
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
n = 0,03676 + 0,204 + 1,2 = 1,44 (ln/100km.nm)
2.6- Tnh ch tiu chng st cho ng dy ti
in110kV
H ng Ph L Ninh Bnh.
Ch tiu chng st cho ng dy l s nm vn hnh an
ton gia hai ln s c lin tip, ta tnh c sut ct ng
dy khi b st nh. Ch tiu chng st cho ng dy H
ng Ph L Ninh Bnh c l = 150km l:
04 , 1 5 , 1 . 77 , 0
100
150
.
44 , 1
1
100
150
.
n
1
m
(Nm / ln s c )
Nhn xt:
Sau khi tnh ton sut ct cho ng dy ti in 110kV ta
thy:
- Sut ct ca ng dy do st nh vng qua dy chng
st vo dy dn khng ph thuc vo tr s in tr ni t
ca ct in, nhng li ph thuc vo gc bo v , do
gim s ln ct in do st nh vng qua dy chng st
vo dy dn th phi gim gc bo v .
- Khi st nh vo khong vt th kh nng phng in trn
cch in ca ng dy ph thuc vo tr s ca in tr
ni t. Nu in tr ni t nh th kh nng phng in
l rt t v khi st nh vo dy chng st trong khong vt
s gy ra cc sng qu in p truyn v ct in, sng ny
gp in tr ni t nh nn in p i vo b phn ni t
c gim thp.
- Khi st nh vo nh ct th phn ln dng in st s
i vo h thng ni t ca ct in. Phn cn li s theo
dy chng st i vo h thng ni t ca ct in bn
Trang 45
n tt nghip K thut in
cao p
cnh. Do vy tr s ca in tr ni t nh hng ln n tr
s in p tc dng ln cch in ca ng dy.
Vy gim s ln ct in ng dy do st th phi
gim in tr ni t ca ct in v tng cng cch in
cho ng dy.
Trang 46