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BO CO TT NGHIP
ti: tng quan v tivi mu SONY KV- 1485MT

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NGUYN TRNG THNG NGUYN THANH TNG

MC LC
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MC LC.................................................................................................................. 1 DANH SCH CC HNH V......................................................................................10 BNG CC T VIT TT..........................................................................................10 PHN I: NGUYN L TRUYN HNH.........................................................................11 I. Nguyn l truyn hnh en trng......................................................................11 1. Nguyn l truyn hnh.................................................................................11 2. Nguyn l truyn hnh nh...........................................................................12 II. Nguyn l truyn hnh mu.............................................................................12 1. H truyn hnh mu c bn .........................................................................12 2. H thng thit b thu mu............................................................................14 3. Kt Lun:.....................................................................................................15 V. H truyn hnh NTSC ......................................................................................18 VI. H truyn hnh SECAM...................................................................................19 PHN II: TNG QUAN V TIVI MU SONY KV-1485..................................................21 II.Gii thch hot ng v nhim v chc nng ca cc khi trn s ...............22 III.Mch ngun.................................................................................................... 23 IV. Mch vi x l................................................................................................. 28 V. Mch to qut dng mnh..............................................................................33 VI. Mch tn hiu chi.........................................................................................36 VII. Mch tn hiu trung tn hnh v trung tn ting............................................40 VIII. B knh...................................................................................................... 44 IX. H mu PAL...................................................................................................46 X.H mu NTSC 4.43...........................................................................................51 XI. H mu NTSC 3.58.........................................................................................52 XII. H mu SECAM.............................................................................................53 PHN 3: MT S LOI MN HNH HIN NAY...........................................................56

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I. Mn hnh CRT...................................................................................................56 II. Mn hnh LCD..................................................................................................57 1. Mt s khi nim.........................................................................................58 nh sng phn cc: theo l thuyt sng nh sng ca Huyghen, Fresnel v Maxwell, nh sng l mt loi sng in t truyn trong khng gian theo thi gian. Phng dao ng ca sng nh sng l phng dao ng ca t trng v in trng (vung gc vi nhau). Dc theo phng truyn sng, phng dao ng ca nh sng c th lch nhau mt gc tu . Xt tng qut, nh sng bnh thng c v s phng dao ng khc nhau. nh sng phn cc l nh sng ch c mt phng dao ng duy nht, gi l phng phn cc.......58 Knh lc phn cc: l loi vt liu ch cho nh sng phn cc i qua. Lp vt liu phn cc c mt phng c bit gi l quang trc phn cc. nh sng c phng dao ng trng vi quang trc phn cc s truyn ton b qua knh lc phn cc. nh sng c phng dao ng vung gc vi quang trc phn cc s b chn li. nh sng c phng dao ng hp vi quang trc phn cc mt gc 0<<90 s truyn mt phn qua knh lc phn cc. Cng nh sng truyn qua knh lc phn cc ph thuc vo gc hp bi phng phn cc ca nh sng v quang trc phn cc ca knh lc phn cc...........................58 Tinh th lng: c pht hin bi mt nh thc vt ngi o nm 1888. Khi ni n khi nim tinh th, ta thng lin tng ti vt cht th rn v c mt cu trc hnh hc trong khng gian nht nh. Tuy nhin vi tinh th lng th khc. Tinh th lng khng c cu trc mng tinh th c nh nh cc vt rn, m cc phn t c th chuyn ng t do trong mt phm vi hp nh mt cht lng. Cc phn t trong tinh th lng lin kt vi nhau theo tng nhm v gia cc nhm c s lin kt v nh hng nht nh, lm cho cu trc ca chng c phn ging cu trc tinh th. Vt liu tinh th lng c mt tnh cht c bit l c th lm thay i phng phn cc ca nh sng truyn qua n, tu thuc vo xon ca cc chm phn t. xon ny c th iu chnh bng cch thay i in p t vo hai u tinh th lng.......................58 Hnh13 2. Cc lp cu to mn hnh LCD.....................................................................59 Quay tr li cu to mn hnh tinh th lng. Mn hnh tinh th lng c cu to bi cc lp xp chng ln nhau. Lp di cng l n nn, c tc dng cung cp nh sng nn (nh sng trng). n nn dng trong cc mn hnh thng thng, c sng di 1000cd/m2 thng l n hunh quang. i vi cc mn hnh cng cng, t ngoi tri, cn sng cao th c th s dng n nn xenon. n nn xenon v mt cu to kh ging vi n pha bi-xenon s

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dng trn cc xe hi cao cp. n xenon khng s dng dy tc nng sng nh n Vonfram hay n halogen, m s dng s pht sng bi nguyn t b kch thch, theo nh lut quang in v mu nguyn t Bo. Bn trong n xenon l hai bn in cc, t trong kh tr xenon trong mt bnh thu tinh thch anh. Khi ng ngun, cp cho hai in cc mt in p rt ln, c 25 000V. in p ny vt ngng in p nh thng ca xenon v gy ra hin tng phng in gia hai in cc. Tia la in s kch thch cc nguyn t xenon ln mc nng lng cao, sau chng s t ng nhy xung mc nng lng thp v pht ra nh sng theo nh lut bc x in t. in p cung cp cho n xenon phi rt ln, th nht vt qua ngng in p nh thng sinh ra tia la in, th hai kch thch cc nguyn t kh tr ln mc nng lng cao nh sng do chng pht ra khi quay tr li mc nng lng thp c bc sng ngn. Lp th hai l lp knh lc phn cc c quang trc phn cc dc, k n l mt lp tinh th lng c kp cht gia hai tm thu tinh mng, tip theo l lp knh lc phn cc c quang trc phn cc ngang. Mt trong ca hai tm thu tinh kp tinh th lng c ph mt lp cc in cc trong sut. ...............60 Ta xt nguyn l hot ng ca mn hnh LCD vi mt im nh con: nh sng i ra t n nn l nh sng trng, c v s phng phn cc. Sau khi truyn qua knh lc phn cc th nht, ch cn li nh sng c phng phn cc dc. nh sng phn cc ny tip tc truyn qua lp tinh th lng. Nu gia hai u lp tinh th lng khng c t mt in p, cc phn t tinh th lng s trng thi t do, nh sng truyn qua s khng b thay i phng phn cc. nh sng c phng phn cc dc truyn ti lp knh lc th hai c quang trc phn cc ngang s b chn li hon ton. Lc ny, im nh trng thi tt...................................................................................................................61 Hnh 14 3.Cu to mt im con..................................................................................61 Nu t mt in p gia hai u lp tinh th lng, cc phn t s lin kt v xon li vi nhau. nh sng truyn qua lp tinh th lng c t in p s b thay i phng phn cc. nh sng sau khi b thay i phng phn cc bi lp tinh th lng truyn n knh lc phn cc th hai v truyn qua c mt phn. Lc ny, im nh c bt sng. Cng sng ca im nh ph thuc vo lng nh sng truyn qua knh lc phn cc th hai. Lng nh sng ny li ph thuc vo gc gia phng phn cc v quang trc phn cc. Gc ny li ph thuc vo xon ca cc phn t tinh th lng. xon ca cc phn t tinh th lng ph thuc vo in p t vo hai u tinh th lng. Nh vy, c th iu chnh cng sng ti mt im nh bng cch iu chnh in p t vo hai u lp tinh th lng. Trc mi im nh con c mt knh lc mu, cho nh sng ra mu , xanh l v xanh lam.Vi mt im

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nh, tu thuc vo cng nh sng tng i ca ba im nh con, da vo nguyn tc phi mu pht x, im nh s c mt mu nht nh. Khi mun thay i mu sc ca mt im nh, ta thay i cng sng t i ca ba im nh con so vi nhau. Mun thay i sng t i ny, phi thay i sng ca tng im nh con, bng cch thay i in p t ln hai u lp tinh th lng. Mt nhc im ca mn hnh tinh th lng, chnh l tn ti mt khong thi gian mt im nh chuyn t mu ny sang mu khc (thi gian p ng response time). Nu thi gian p ng qu cao c th gy nn hin tng bng ma vi mt s cnh c tc thay i khung hnh ln. Khong thi gian ny sinh ra do sau khi in p t ln hai u lp tinh th lng oc thay i, tinh th lng phi mt mt khong thi gian mi c th chuyn t trng thi xon ng vi in p c sang trng thi xon ng vi in p mi. Thng qua vic ti to li mu sc ca tng im nh, chng ta c th ti to li ton b hnh nh.........................................................................................62 III.Mn hnh Plasma.............................................................................................62 Plasma: Plasma l mt trong cc pha (trng thi) ca vt cht. trng thi plasma, vt cht b ion ho rt mnh, phn ln cc phn t hoc nguyn t ch cn li ht nhn, cc electron chuyn ng tng i t do gia cc ht nhn. ng dng c tnh ny ca plasma, ngi ta ch to ra mn hnh plasma............................................................................................................ 63 trng thi bnh thng, cc ion dng v electron chuyn ng hn lon. Vn tc tng i ca chng so vi nhau khng ln. Khi t kh plasma vo gia hai in cc, in trng tc dng ln cc ht mang in s lm cho chng chuyn ng c hng: cc electron b ht v pha cc dng, cc ion dng b ht v pha cc m. Trong qu trnh chuyn ng ngoc chiu nhau nh vy, cc ht mang in va chm vo nhau vi vn tc tng i rt ln. Va chm s truyn nng lng cho cc electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t kh, lm cho cc electron ny nhy ln mc nng lng cao hn, sau mt khong thi gian rt ngn, cc electron s t ng chuyn xung mc nng lng thp hn v sinh ra mt photon nh sng theo nh lut bc x in t. Trong mn hnh plasma, ngi ta s dng kh xenon hoc kh neon. Cc cht kh ny khi b kch thch s pht ra tia cc tm, khng nhn c trc tip bng mt thng, nhng c th gin tip to ra nh sng kh kin.........................63

........................................................................................................................64 Hnh 15:cac lop man plasma............................................................................64 Cng ging nh mn hnh LCD, mn hnh Plasma cng c cu to t cc im nh, trong mi im nh cng c ba im nh con th hin ba mu , xanh l,

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xanh lam. Mi im nh l mt bung kn, trong c cha cht kh xenon hoc neon. Ti mt trc ca bung c ph lp pht pho. Ti hai u bung kh cng c hai in cc. Khi c in p c t vo hai in cc, cht kh bn trong bung kn s b ion ho, cc nguyn t b kch thch v pht ra tia cc tm. Tia cc tm ny p vo lp pht pho ph trn mt trc ca bung kn s kch thch cht pht pho, lm cho chng pht sng. nh sng pht ra s i qua lp knh lc mu t trc mi bung kn v cho ra mt trong ba mu c bn: , xanh l, xanh lam. Phi hp ca ba nh sng ny t ba im nh con trong mi im anh s cho ra mu sc ca im nh. Nhc im ch yu ca mn hnh Plasma so vi mn hnh LCD l chng khng hin th c mt phn gii cao nh mn hnh LCD c cng kch thc. iu ny do trong mn hnh LCD, mi im nh con ch cn mt lp tinh th lng kh b cng c th thay i phng phn cc ca nh sng mt cch d dng, t to iu kin ch to cc im nh vi kch thc b, to nn mt s lng ln im nh trn mt n v din tch ( phn gii cao). Cn vi mn hnh Plasma, mi im nh con thc cht l mt bung kn cha kh. Th tch ca lng kh cha trong mt bung kn ny phi t mt gi tr nht nh c th pht ra bc x t ngoi mnh khi b kch thch ln trng thi plasma. Chnh v th, kch thc mt im nh ca mn hnh Plasma kh ln so vi mt im nh ca mn hnh LCD, dn n vic vi cng mt din tch hin th, s lng im nh ca mn hnh Plasma t hn LCD, ng ngha vi phn gii thp hn................................65 IV.Mn hnh th h mi: LED display v Laser TV.............................................65 Nu nh khong vi nm trc y, mn hnh tinh th lng v mn hnh Plasma c coi l hai nh dng mn hnh th h mi, thay th cho mn hnh CRT qu c k. So vi mn hnh CRT, mn hnh tinh th lng v plasma c nhng u im vt tri: kch thc nh gn, kiu dng n tng, thit k tm phng, v c th ch to c nhng mn hnh vi kch thc khng l. Mn hnh tinh th lng, plasma, kt hp vi cng ngh truyn hnh nt cao HDTV ang m ra mt k nguyn mi trong lnh vc nghe nhn, gii tr. Nhng, khng dng li , trong khi mn hnh tinh th lng v plasma ang tng bc chim lnh th trng, th tin tc v nhng th h mn hnh mi, vi u im vt tri hn xut hin. Mn hnh LED v Laser ang c coi l hai nh dng mn hnh th h mi, sau k nguyn LCD v Plasma. Chim u th so vi mn hnh CRT truyn thng bi nhiu u im, nhng mn hnh LCD v Plasma cng c nhng nhc im khng th chi ci. Thi gian p ng, gc nhn v tng phn lun l im yu cht ngi ca mn hnh LCD trong bt c cuc cnh tranh no vi nhng loi mn hnh khc. Mc d cng ngh sn xut tm panel mn hnh ngy cng pht trin, nhng do c tnh k thut ca mn hnh LCD, s khng c mt ci tin no c th xo b hon ton nhng nhc im ca loi mn hnh ny. Vi mn hnh plasma, phn gii, kh khn khi sn xut nhng mn hnh kch thc b, gi thnh cao l nhng nhc im ln. Mt cch tng qut, ti mng ho cao cp,

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mn hnh tinh th lng v plasma vn cha th cung cp mt cht lng hnh nh, chn thc mu sc nh nhng mn hnh CRT truyn thng. nh vo nhng im yu ca, mn hnh LED v Laser ra i, kt hp c u im ca mn hnh tinh th lng, plasma l kch thc nh gn, kiu dng p, v ca mn hnh CRT l cht lng hnh nh tuyt ho...................66 Nhc im ca mn hnh LCD v Plasma, bt ngun t chnh cu to ca hai loi mn hnh ny. to ra c mu sc ti mi im nh, cn phi tng hp mu sc t ba im nh con. Mu sc ca ba im nh con ny c c nh lc mu t nh sng trng pht ra t n nn. Vic lc c chnh xc ba mu xanh l, xanh lam, l khng h d dng. Rt kh ch to c nhng knh lc mu hon ho, c th lc c ton b nh sng, ch cho mt nh sng n sc i qua. Bao gi cng c mt lng nh nhng nh sng n sc c mu khc lt qua c knh lc mu. Chnh nhng nh sng lt qua ngoi mong mun ny khin cho mu sc ca mi im nh con khng t chnh xc tuyt i, dn n vic hin th mu sc ti im nh cng khng chnh xc. Hn na, nhc im ny cn khin ph mu m mn hnh LCD cng vi Plasma c kh nng ti to l khng ln. Mt mn hnh LCD vi panel TN ch c kh nng hin th thc 262 000 mu sc, ngay c vi panel PVA cao cp, cng ch hin th c 16.7 triu mu. So vi ph mu m mt ngi cm nhn c, kh nng hin th mu sc ca mn hnh LCD v Plasma ch t 3540%.................................................................................................................67 Hai loi mn hnh th h mi, LED v Laser, v cu to chung cng tng t nh mn hnh LCD v Plasma, bao gm cc im nh, mi im nh cng c ba im nh con, mi im nh con hin th mt mu c bn trong h mu RGB. Tuy nhin, khc vi mn hnh tinh th lng v plasma, mn hnh LED v Laser khng s dng phng php lc nh sng t nh sng n nn cho ra nh sng n sc, m s dng phng php pht trc tip ra nh sng c bc sng mong mun. Nh vic pht ra trc tip nh sng n sc, mi im nh con s cho ra mt mu sc chnh xc, v mu sc tng hp hin th ti mi im nh cng chnh xc. Mn hnh LED v Laser ang trong giai on nghin cu nn hu nh rt t nh sn xut cng b cc c tnh k thut, nguyn l chi tit, nhng v c bn c th phn tch hot ng ca hai loi mn hnh trn nh sau:..........................................................................................................67 1.Mn hnh LED................................................................................................67 Mn hnh LED, hin ang c h tr pht trin bi tp on SAMSUNG. LED Light emitting Diode, it pht quang, l mt loi it bn dn c kh nng pht ra nh sng kh kin, cng nh cc loi bc x hng ngoi v t ngoi. Cu to ca LED gm hai khi bn dn, mt khi loi p, v mt khi loi n ghp vi nhau. Khi t mt in p thun vo hai u LED, l trng trong khi bn dn p v electron trong khi bn dn n chuyn ng v pha nhau. Ti

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mt tip xc xy ra mt s tng tc gia l trng v electron. Trong qu trnh tng tc ny c th gii phng nng lng di dng nh sng kh kin hoc cc bc x in t khc nh tia hng ngoi, t ngoi. Bc sng ca nh sng kh kin pht ra ph thuc vo mc nng lng c gii phng. Mc nng lng c gii phng ph thuc vo cu trc nguyn t ca cht lm bn dn. ........................................................................................................................68 Ngy nay, nh nghin cu v vt liu bn dn, con ngi c th ch to c nhng LED c kh nng pht ra mu sc nh mong mun, trong c ba mu c bn ca h mu RGB l xanh, xanh l, . ..................................68 Hnh 16: 3 mau co ban cua LED1............................................................68 ng dng LED trong vic sn xut mn hnh, mi im nh s c cu to t ba LED: xanh, xanh l, . Nh iu chnh cng sng ca tng LED, c th thay i cng sng t i ca ba LED so vi nhau, nh to ra mu sc tng hp ti mi im nh. Khi mun im nh tt, ch cn tt ton b 3 LED l c th thu c mu en tuyt i, khng gp phi hin tng mu en khng chn thc do l sng t n nn nh vi mn hnh LCD..................................69 2.Mn hnh Laser.............................................................................................69 Mn hnh Laser ang c coi l cng ngh mn hnh th h mi nhiu trin vng nht, c h tr pht trin bi Mitsubishi. Laser l vit tt ca cm: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, khuch i nh sng bng cc pht x kch thch. nh sng laser pht ra cng da trn nguyn l bc x in t, tuy nhin c nhiu tnh cht c bit so vi nh sng thng thng. nh sng laser c cng mnh l laser c to thnh t cht rn. Mt cht rn thch hp, khi nhn c kch thch t bn ngoi, cc electron bn trong s nhy ln mc nng lng cao hn, sau li nhanh chng chuyn v mc nng lng thp hn v gii phng mt photon nh sng. Photon ny bay ra, chuyn ng trong lng khi cht rn, li va chm vi nhng nguyn t khc, kch thch electron ca nguyn t ny ln trng thi cao hn, sau khi nhy xung trng thi thp li tip tc pht ra mt photon khc. C nh vy to ra mt phn ng dy chuyn, cng ngy cng gii phng ra nhiu photon. Ti mt u ca khi cht rn c gn mt gng bn m. Photon gp gng ny s i ra ngoi, to thnh tia Laser. Cc photon ca tia laser, do c cng tn s, cng pha, li chuyn ng song song vi nhau nn tia laser c nng lng rt ln, li c tp trung trong mt din tch nh. Mt c im quan trng ca tia laser, l cc photon ca n sinh ra t phn ng dy chuyn, nn nng lng ca cc photon ging nhau tuyt i, dn n bc sng ca tia laser l ng nht tuyt i.........................................................................................69

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Mt mn hnh laser, yu cu phi c ba tia laser vi ba mu sc xanh, xanh l, . Hin nay, mi ch c tia laser (cn gi l laser hng ngc) l ph bin v c kh nng ng dng trong sn xut mn hnh, cn laser xanh v xanh l, do c nng lng cao hn nn gn nh khng th to c trong iu kin hot ng ca mt mn hnh. Thay vo , phi s dng mt qu trnh bin i tn s thu c laser c tn s cao hn tn s ca tia laser gc. Qu trnh ny gi l Second Harmonic Generation, li dng s tng tc ca cc photon vi vt liu phi tuyn c bit kt hp nng lng vo mt photon mi, c nng lng gp i photon ban u, hay c bc sng nh bng mt na. Second Harmonic Generationi c tm ra vo nm 1961, mt thi gian sau khi cc nh khoa hc tm c phng php to ra tia laser bng hng ngc. Nh phng php ny, c th to ra c laser xanh v laser xanh l.............70 Mn hnh laser, vi nguyn l hot ng da vo vic pht ra cc tia laser thay cho vic dng n cng cao (HID: high intensity discharge) trong cc mn hnh projector, c nhiu u im so vi cc loi mn hnh hin nay nh c kh nng ti to li mt ph mu rt rng vi chnh xc mu sc cao (c th t n hn 90% ph mu m mt ngi c th cm nhn), tiu th t nng lng hn mn hnh LCD hay Plasma, kch thc gn nh, tui th lu (c th ln n hn 50000 gi). Mn hnh Laser ang c nhanh chng hon thin trong vic nghin cu, c kh nng s ra mt vo cui nm 2007, v dn ph bin vo na sau nm 2008 v u 2009. Theo d on, mt khi a vo sn xut quy m ln, gi thnh ca mn hnh Laser s r hn rt nhiu so vi gi mn hnh LCD v Plasma hin ti, c th ch bng mt na.............................70 V.Mn hnh SED.................................................................................................. 70

LI NI U
Ngy nay, cng vi s pht trin ca x hi. Khoa hc k thut ng mt vai tr quan trng.Vi bt k lnh vc hot ng no ca con ngi cng cn n thng tin.V vy trong vi thp k gn y c s bng n v thng tin v ang chuyn sang k nguyn cng ngh thng tin. Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

Bo co tt nghip Vit Nam, trong nhng nm gn y, khng ch thnh th m cn nng thn vng su, vng xa thng tin u n c .Tivi tr thnh mt phng tin gii tr cng nh la phng tin cp nhp thng tin. C th ni lch s pht trin ca tivi i i vi s pht trin trnh ca con ngi. Nhm p ng cc yu cu v thng tin, rt nhiu hng tp trung vo nghin cu v pht trin h thng tivi ngy cng tn tin,mang li s hi lng cho ngi s dng.Trong , SONY, mt hng in t ln Vit Nam, thc s lm hi lng ngi dng bng chnh cng ngh tin tin ca mnh. Qu trnh thc tp v tham kho cc ti liu nghin cu v tivi mu SONY gip em thy r c phn no nhng li ch m ti ti mu SONY mang li cho ngi s dng. Do trong ti ny em ch yu nghin cu tng quan v tivi mu SONY KV1485MT. Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c gio trong khoa in t vin thng, c bit l thy NGUYN TRNG THNG tn tnh ch bo, gip em hon thnh ti ny. Vi thi gian c hn, nn trong n khng trnh khi nhng thiu st nht nh, em rt mong c s ng gp kin ca cc thy c gio cng ca cc bn sinh vin. Em xin chn thnh cm n. Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng

DANH SCH CC HNH V BNG CC T VIT TT

T vit tt NTSC SECAM Tn Ting Anh Nationnal Television System Committee Sequentiel Couluer amemoire
10

Tn ting Vit U ban h truyn hnh quc gia Tun t mu c b nh

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Bo co tt nghip orgaiation Internition Radio and Television Phase Alternative Line Federal Communication Commission Video tape recorder Video Cassette Recorder Ultra high frequency Intermediate frequency liquid crystal display light emitting diode cathode ray tube high intensity discharge Liquid-crystal display Light emitting Diode Surface-conduction electron-emitter display T chc pht thanh v truyn hnh quc t Thay i pha tng dng y ban thng tin bang my ghi bng t my ghi bng video, my ghi hnh Tn s cao Trung tn mn hnh tinh th lng i-t pht quang ng tia catt Tn s cao Mn hnh tinh th lng it pht quang Mn hnh pht x in t dn b mt

OIRT PAL FFC VTR VCR UHF IF LCD LED CRT HID LCD LED SED

PHN I: NGUYN L TRUYN HNH

I. Nguyn l truyn hnh en trng 1. Nguyn l truyn hnh A, Cc tham s hnh nh

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Bo co tt nghip chi trung bnh: Mi im nh u c chi ring cu thnh ton

b nh trong truyn hnh en trng ngi ta truyn i tn hiu c trung co chi ca mi im nh.

Mu sc: Mu sc ca mi phn t nh, tham s ny ch cn thit i vi

truyn hnh mu.

Hnh phng: Truyn hnh l bc hnh phng theo khng gian 2 chiu,

truyn tng im nh ln lt theo chiu ngang v chiu dc, chiu ngang gi l qut dng chiu dc gi l qut mnh. nh ng: Truyn hnh l truyn i cc bc nh ng, mt ngi cm

nhn s chuyn ng l lin tc th truyn i s bc nh sao cho thy mt khng thy s nhp nhy ca nh. 2. Nguyn l truyn hnh nh Ngi ta khng truyn ton b bc hnh m truyn i ln lt tng dng t trn xung nh ta c mt quyn sch. II. Nguyn l truyn hnh mu 1. H truyn hnh mu c bn H thng truyn hnh mu c bn l h thng truyn hnh ng thi truyn ba tn hiu mu ring bit ca tn hiu hnh

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Bo co tt nghip +) H thng pht truyn hnh mu

n quang iu ch FR

Khuych i KR

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iu ch FG
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Hnh 1. H thng thit b pht tn hiu mu.

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fB

DR

DG

DB

Hnh 2. Ph ca tn hiu truyn hnh mu. Hinh 1 l s khi ca thit b tn hiu mu, mt knh truyn i cho c ba tn hiu mu. Mt thu knh thu nhn nh sang ng mu sc ca cnh vt a ti knh lng sc 1. Knh lng sc 1, phn chiu mu l (B) v truyn i mu (R) v mu lc (G). Knh lng sc 3 phn chiu mu (R) v truyn i m lc (G) Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng
13

Lp: TVT _K6

Bo co tt nghip Gng phn chiu 2 v 4: phn chiu nh sng mu l (B) v mu (R) Do h thng knh lng sc v gng phn chiu phn tch nh sng mu sc ca nh thnh ba phn mu c bn a ti 3 knh lc mu, knh lc mu (R) ch cho mu qua (cn cc thnh phn khc th hp th ). Knh lc mu (G) ch cho mu lc qua v knh lc mu (B) ch cho mu l qua. nh sng ca ba mu c bn R, G, B c truyn ti n quang in. n quang in c nhim v bin i tn hiu quang (nh sang mu R, G, B) thnh tn hiu in tng ng vi 3 mu c bn Fr, Fg, Fb. khuych i tn hiu mu ln ln, sau c a vo iu ch bin 3 tn s sng mang cao tn iu bin c ti b cng v c tn ph nh trn. 2. H thng thit b thu mu L s khi ca thit b thu tn hiu, ngten mu thu nhn c tn hiu cn thu c tn sng mang Fov qua cc tng khuych i cao tn. i tn, khuych i trung tn v tch sng. Ta ly ra c di tn ca khuch i truyn hnh mu.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

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Bo co tt nghip

ng ten

Lc fR

Tch sng R

KR
R

Thu knh

KCD i tn KTT tch sng

Lc fG

Tch sng G

KG

Lc fB

Tch sng B

KB

Hnh 3. s khi my thu hnh mu Tn hiu ca knh truyn hnh mu c a ra b lc, khuych i, lc di ly ring ra ba tn s mang mu iu ch Fr, Fg, Fb. Tn s mang mu c a n b tch sng ly ra 3 tn hiu mu ring bit R, G, B. Tn hiu mu c khuych i v cung cp cho 3 n mu tng ng, nh sng ca n mu trn mn nh v ti to li cnh vt mu sc. 3. Kt Lun: H thng truyn hnh mu trn khng c ng truyn chi Y ring bit. Do khng p ng c khi thu chng trnh truyn hnh en trng . Di thng tin ca tn hiu mu kh rng (19MHz) do khng ph hp vi ng truyn en trng (di thng khong 6MHz).

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

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Bo co tt nghip thc hin c tnh kt hp gia truyn hnh mu v truyn hnh en trng ta phi to ra mt ng truyn, chi Y ring bit v nt di thng ca tn hiu mu 6MHz ph hp vi di thng ca tn hiu en trng. III. Tn hiu chi Y: c tnh ca mu gm 2 yu t: sc v chi ca mt im mu thay i nhng t l gia chng khng thay i. Da vo cc ng thc nghim hnh v nhy ca mt i vi nh sng mu, ta nh chi Y (tn hiu chi Y chnh l tn hiu trong truyn hnh en trng) theo cc mu s cp c tnh bng biu thc sau: Y = 0,30R + 0,59G + 0,11 B i vi mu trng th R= G= B= 1 do Y= 1 i vi mu en th R= G= B= 0 do Y= 0 T biu thc trn ta c th to c chi Y t 3 mu c bn bng mch ma trn nh hnh.
R
1

R1 R2 R3

G B

Hnh 4. Mch ma trn to tn hiu chi.

R

thc hin biu thc trn ta phi chn linh kin theo yu cu ca iu kin sau: (R/R1) = 0, 30 (R/R2) =0, 59 (R/R3) = 0, 11 Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

16

Bo co tt nghip * Ghi ch: Trong phn ny n gin cc k hiu trong cng thc ta gi Y l chi, Uy l in p chi. R: l tn hiu mu , in p tn hiu mu (Ur) G: l tn hiu mu lc, in p tn hiu mu lc (Ug) B: l tn hiu mu l, in p mu l (Ub)
IV.

Tn hiu hiu s mu : m bo tnh kt hp gia h thng truyn hnh mu v h thng truyn hnh

en trng, trong h thng truyn hnh mu. n gin ta khng truyn i thng tin tn hiu mu c bn R, G, B m truyn tn hiu Hiu s mu: (R-Y); (G-Y); (B-Y) vi cch truyn ny, khi thu chng trnh en trng th R, G, B v Y c bin nh nhau nu cc tn hiu hiu s mu bng 0, do ch cn thng tin v chi Y. Trong thc t ta khng cn truyn c 3 thng tin tn hiu Hiu s mu vi chi Y m ch cn truyn i thng tin chi Y v tn hiu Hiu s mu (R-Y) v (B Y), vi cch truyn ny nhm gim nhiu do tnh hiu mu sinh ra trn nh truyn hnh n trng hoc trn cc mng trng ca nh mu.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

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Bo co tt nghip

My nh mu
o pha

f(R-Y)

f(B-Y)

My pht Fow

+Y

Ma trn

fy

Hnh 5. H thng my pht tn hiu mu Hnh trn l s khi pht tn hiu Hiu s mu, my nh m Camera thu nhn nh sng mu sc ca nh vt a qua h thng quang hc knh lng sc, gng phn chiu, knh lc mu phn tch mu cnh vt thnh 3 mu c bn R, G, B v sau bin i t tn hiu quang thnh tn hiu in , nh vy u ra ca my nh mu ta ly c in p ca 3 mu s cp R, G, B hay ( UR Ug, Ub ) ba tn hiu ny qua mch ma trn v u ra ca mch ma trn ta ly c in p tn hiu chi Y a tn hiu chi Y v ba tn s cc tn iu ch a t b cng v c tn hiu mu tng hp ( T ). in p tn hiu mu tng hp (T) iu ch vo tn s sng mang do my pht to ra, kt qu ta c tn hiu mu tng hp iu ch cao tn a ti ng ten pht to ra, kt qu c tn hiu mu tng hp iu ch vo tn s sng mang do my pht to ra, kt qu tn hiu mu tng hp iu ch cao tn a ti ng ten pht v pht ra khng gian. V. H truyn hnh NTSC NTSC l ch vit tt ca cm t Nationnal Television System Committee (U ban h truyn hnh quc gia), h NTSC tnh theo tiu chun Fcc. y l h truyn hnh mu ng thi. Hai tn hiu mu E1, EQ u truyn cng mt lc tn hiu chi Ey theo phng thc iu ch vung gc trn mt sng mang ph c hai thnh phn vung gc vi nhau. Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6
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Bo co tt nghip H NTSC l nn tng ca h PAL, SECAM H NTSC ch cn mt song mang ph m c kh nng mang ng thi hai tn hiu mu ny, th pha pht dng cng thc iu ch vung gc v pha thu dng mch tch sng ng b. VI. H truyn hnh SECAM SECAM: Sequentiel Couluer amemoire - Tun t mu c b nh. H ny theo tiu chun OIRT (orgaiation Internition Radio and Television-T chc pht thanh v truyn hnh quc t). H SECAM tri qua nhiu phng php ci tin nng cao cht lng truyn mu do n c cc tn sau: SECAM I, SECAM II, SECAM IIIA, SECAMIIIB, SECAMIV, SECAMIIIB-Optimal, V n tr thnh h truyn hnh mu SECAM chnh thc. n nay h SECAM IIIB c s dng ph bin, h SECAM IIIB tn hiu chi Ey truyn c tt c cc dng, cn hai tn hiu mu DR, DB truyn ln lt theo dng qut trn hai sng mang ph c tn s trung tn l for, fob tng ng theo phng thc iu tn. H SECAM IIB truyn ln lt tn hiu mu DR v DB trnh nhiu giao thoa gia chng trn ng truyn v phng php iu tn DR v DB vo hai song mang ph for v fob do mo pha nh, nhc im ch yu l khng ph c tn s song mang mu ph nn c hin tng nhiu trn khi thu chng trnh truyn hnh en trng, c hin tng nhp nhy cc dng k tip nhau ti cc vng bo ho.

VII. H truyn hnh mu PAL: PAL: L ch vit tt ca cm t Phase Alternative Line- Thay i pha tng dng, h mu PAL ra i Ty c theo tiu chun FFC (Federal Communication Commission) - y ban thng tin bang. Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6
19

Bo co tt nghip u im : - H PAL c mo pha nh hn hn vi h NTSC. - H PAL khng c hin tng xuyn ln. - H PAL thun tin cho vic thu bng hnh (VTR, VCR) hn h NTSC. Nhc im : My thu hnh mu h PAL phc tp hn v ch cn c dy tr 64s v theo yu cu dy tr ny c cht lng cao v tnh kt hp vi truyn hnh en trng km hn so vi h NTSC.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

20

Bo co tt nghip

PHN II: TNG QUAN V TIVI MU SONY KV-1485

* Cc ch tiu k thut ca tivi mu SONY KV-1485 H truyn hnh: M, B/G, I, D/K H mu: PAL, PAL60, NTSC4.43, NTSC3.58, SECAM Di tn s: H tivi VHF-L VHF-L UHF Tr khng u vo ng ten: 75 u vo AV : Video : 1Vp-p, 75 : Audio : 500mV Model KV- 1485 Cng sut ting ra 3W n hnh cm (inch) : 37(14) Trong lng (Kg) : 11kg M A2 A6 A7 A13 B/G E2 E4 E5 E12 I D/K R1 R5 R6 R12

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

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Bo co tt nghip

I: GII THIU CHUNG : Ngay t nhng giai on u ca truyn hnh, hng SONY a ra th trng cc tivi c c im khc hn vi cc tivi ca hng khc. C hai s khc bit c bn gia cc tivi ca hng SONY v cc tivi ca cc hng khc l: n Hnh Tnh lp ln Hng SONY to ra cc thit b thu hnh ring bit ca mnh v lun hon thin nng cao cht lng. Mt trong nhng u im khc vi n hnh khc. Trong nhng nm gn y ca s pht trin my thu hnh mu, hng sony s dng n hnh loi TRINITRON. II.Gii thch hot ng v nhim v chc nng ca cc khi trn s Khi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 gm khuych i cao tn, i tn, tch sng khi 7, 8 khuych i trung tn ting, tch sng khuych i m tn v khuych i cng sut. ng knh mu t 9 16 gm c khuych i video, di m mu, khuych i cng sut hnh mu. Khi ng b, khuych xung ng b to xung qut mnh, dng gm khi 17 22. Dng vi x l gm khi 23 24 iu khin t xa, cc phm trn mt my. Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6
22

Bo co tt nghip Ngun khi 25 26 ngun vo to t ng 90 260 qua chnh lu cu v ri qua b ngun di rng ri h xung t 95 105. Cung cp cho ngun qut dng. * Khuych i cao tn, i tn trung tn, tch sng. Khi 1: L hp knh ca bn UHF (bng UHF l tn s cao, UHF>300Hz III.Mch ngun Mch ngun trong my SONY -1485 ny s dng IC chuyn mch STR-S6307. Mch ngun lm vic to ra 2 cp in p l 115V v 15V n nh vi in p t 110V 240V. Trong mch ngun ny ngi ta khng s dng xung dng

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

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Bo co tt nghip

n nh in p ra m ngi ta s dng s so p gia in p ra vi mt in p chun khng ch bin in p dao ng.

Trong mch ny R617, R602 lm nhim v nh thin cho n cng sut Q1. R615 nh thin cho n Q3. R609 lm nhim v hi tip m, n nh s lm vic cho ton mch .

Xung ly t cc 7 bin p T601 qua R603 v C607 a vo chn 3 IC601 dng duy tr dao ng. Xung ly t cc 7 bin p T601 a ti chn 5 v qua D602, R623, C619 a vo chn 4 IC601 to s ngt m cho n Q2. n Q3 lm nhim v n p khi dng qua n Q1 thay i. Mch IC602, IC603, Q603, Q601 lm nhim v so snh n nh in p ra. IC602 l mt loi IC n p. Khi u vo (chn1) thay i trn di 115V th u ra (chn 2) lun n nh mt mc no y. B phn p R614, R616 trch mt phn in p 115V so snh vi in p chun ca IC602. Khi in p 115V thay i do ti thay i s lm in p trn R616 (chn 1 IC603) thay i. Trong khi chn 2 IC602 c mc in p c nh lm cho dng qua diode quang (chn 1 v 2) trong Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6
24

Bo co tt nghip IC603 thay i dng qua n quang (chn 5 v 4) thay i thin p dn Q603 thay i thin p dn 601 thay i in tr gia chn 9 v 8 ca IC601 thay i iu chnh bin dao ng sao cho in p ra khng thay i. in p 115V qua cu ch PS801 cp ngun nui cho tng cng sut qut dng Q802 v tng kch Q801. in p 115v qua R815 v R814 cung cp ngun nui (chn 25 IC301) cho mch dao ng mnh. in p 115V cn qua R014 n p thnh 33V nh IC004 to in p d bt tn hiu (varicap VC) cho knh. u ra 115V c lp mt diode AVALANCHE D608 dng bo v khi ngun 115V b tng cao. Khi ngun 115V b tng cao do mch ngun b hng chng hn diode ny s thng chp t cu ch ct ngun vo my. IC601

Ngun 15V a vo chn 1 IC251 cung cp ngun nui cho IC cng sut

ting v qua IC005 thnh 5V cung cp ngun nui cho mch IC vi x l.

-

IC n p IC005 c u vo (chn 1, 15V) v 2 u ra (chn 5 v chn 4

u c in p xp x 5V). in p 5V chn 5 IC005 cung cp ngun nui chnh cho mch vi x l. in p 5V chn 4 IC005 cung cp ngun cho ring mch RESET (chn 27IC vi x l * V sa cha mch ngun ny ta c nhng nhn xt sau:
Gp trng hp khng c in p ra, cu ch khng t, o in tr ca

D608 thy khng chp. Trng hp ny l do mt mch no y trong mch ngun b hng hoc h mch so p t ngun 115V n chn 8v 9 ca IC601 hoc do lu ngy mi hn b h lm cho in p ra 115V tng cao. Khi gp trng hp ny ta phi kim tra li cc mi hn v kim tra s thng mch t ngun 115V v chn 8 v 9 IC601 (IC602, IC603, Q603, Q601). Dng qua diode qua chn 1 v 2 IC601 cng nh th in p ra Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6
25

Bo co tt nghip cng tng sau khi sa xong trc khi cm in ngun ta phi rt cu ch PS801 ra chnh c s c xy ra. Ch khi o in p 115V cps v khng ln ta mi lp diode D608 tt vo v hn cu ch PS801 vo cp ngun cho mch.
in p 115V tng cao cng nh ngun 15V tng cao thng lm cho IC

cng sut ting IC251 b hng chp chn cp ngun 15V (chn 1) chp chn ta cn phi o in tr ca chn 1 IC251 vi masse, nu o thy in tr xp x mt vi th IC251 b hng. Trong mch ngun ny ta c th i in tr ca cc IC xc nh cc IC c b hng hay khng bng cc cch sau: Vi IC601 (STR-S6307): Chn 1, 2, 3 c ni vi 3 chn ca n cng sut Q1. Nu IC601 hng th chc chn n Q1 hng, cn nu Q1 khng hng, th hu nh IC601 u khng hng, do ta c th o in tr ca 3 chn 1, 2, 3 ca IC601 xc nh IC601 c b hng khng:
1 2 1 1

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

26

Bo co tt nghip

Hnh 6: 1 s chn IC 601

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

27

Bo co tt nghip V c diode D nn o in tr gia chn 1 v chn 2 th c mt chiu kim ng h ln v mt kim ng h khng ln IC bnh thng. Khi Q1 b hng th o in tr gia chn 1 v chn 2 kim ng h u ln c hai chiu o IC601 b hng.

Vi IC603(PC111LS): Mt IC loi ny tt l: + o in tr gia chn 4 v chn 5 c hai ng h u khng ln. + o in tr gia chn 1 v chn 2 th mt chiu kim ng h ln cn 1 chiu

th khng ln, chiu kim ng h ln l chiu thun ca diode quang. Vn truyn quang hc, nu o in tr n gin th khng xc nh c. Vi IC602: Trong cc chiu o c mt chiu que dng pin ng h ni vo chn 3, que m ni vo chn 2 lm kim ng h ln nhiu, cn cc chiu khc th kim ng h khng ln hoc ln rt it IC602 bnh thng.

Ta c th o IC602 bng cch o nng. Cho ngun 110v c thay i c trn di 110v vo chn 1 (chn 3 ni vi m ngun) v o in p chn 2. Nu thay i trn di 10v m in p chn 2 IC602 lun xp x 6V IC tt IV. Mch vi x l Chc nng cc chn nh sau:

Chn 1 Thay i sng ti, tc ng vo chn 41IC301 (CXA1214BS). Khi thay i BRIGHT in p chn ny bin i t 0 8,6V.

Chn 2: Thay i m lng, tc ng vo cc 7 khi trung tn IF201. Khi iu chnh volume in p chn ny bin i t 0V 6,5V.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

28

Bo co tt nghip Khi ang d song v chuyn chng trnh in p chn ny tr thnh 0v.

Chn 3: iu khin tng phn tc ng vo chn 44 IC301. Khi iu chnh PICTURE in p chn ny bin i t 0V 8V.

Chn 4: iu chnh vo bo ho mu tc ng vo chn 43IC301. Khi iu chnh COLOR in p chn ny bin i t 0 7,5V. Ch khi c tn hiu khng k c mu hay khng c mu, iu chnh COLOR

chn ny mi thay i in p. Khi khng c tn hiu iu chnh COLOR hin th c bo nhng in p chn ny lun l 0V.

Chn 5: Nhn tn hiu iu khin t xa (KTX). Bnh thng in p chn ny l 4, 2 V. Khi h mt nhn KTX ra in p chn ny l 0V.

Chn 6: Mch tt ch (tt my bng KTX). Khi my ang chy bnh thng in p chn ny l 0V lm cho n Q004 h mch n Q801 lm vic bnh thng do c tn hiu dao ng t IC301 a vo baz n ny. ch tt ch, chn ny c mc in p vi vn lm cho: + n Q004 thng bo ho in p 5V qua n Q005 t vo baz n Q801, n Q801 khng phn cng sut dong khng lm

Q801 thng bo ho, lc ny cc C n Q801 c in p xp x 0V c kh nng khuych i tn hiu dao ng dng vic my khng lm vic.

+ Mt mt khc n Q251 thng, tn hiu AUDIO i vo chn 5 IC cng sut ting (IC205) b ni masse vo IC cng sut ting). Chn 8: Chuyn mch thay i mc in p AGC khi d bt tn hiu t ng Chn 9: iu chnh in p d bt tn hiu VC. Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6 im ting (phi c mch ny v ngun 15V vn cn a

29

Bo co tt nghip Khi TUNING in p chn ny bin i t 5 knh bin i t 0V 26V. Chn 10: Mch lm ti hnh v cm ting khi chng trnh thu. Bnh thng chn ny c in p l 0V. Mi ln n chuyn chng trnh chn ny xut hin xung in p khong 5V lm cho:

0V. in p bin i ny c cc VC ca

chuyn i qua n Q001 lm cho cc C n Q001 bin i t 0 30V

Chn 33IC301 ang t 0,8V tr thnh 4,3V m hnh ti i.

n Q007 thng, ng th chn 2 IC vi x tr thnh 0V

in p

VOLUME (chn 7 khi trung tn) tc khc thnh 0V im ting.

Chn 11 v chn 12: Thay i cc h ting. Khi n phm thay i cc h

truyn hnh 2 chn ny xut hin cc t hp in p. Cc t hp in p ny s tc ng vo 2 cc 11 v 13 khi trung tn khi trung tn lm vic cc h khc nhau Ta c bng sau:

H Chn 11 IC vi x l Chn 12 IC vi x l Cc 11 khi IF Cc 12 khi IF

D/K 0V 5V 0V 4,9V

I 5V 5V 4,9V 4,9V

B/G 0V 0V 0V 0V

M 5V 0V 4,9V 0V

Chn 13: Thay i TV/AV khi TV l 0V. Khi AV l 5V. Chn 15,16,17,18,19,20,30,31,32,33: Mch ma trn nhn lnh s dng tc ng ln bn phm chc nng. Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

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Bo co tt nghip Chn 24: Phn nh thc hin cc chc nng. Mi mt ln thc hin mt chc nng no y nh iu chnh VOLUME, thay i knh CH th chn ny in p ang t 3,8V tt xung thnh 2V n 005nhy sang. Chn 27: Mch RESET. Ngun 5V to t chn 4 IC005 cp ngun vo chn ny.

Chn 28 v 29: Mch dao ng ch. Mch ny lm vic th mi chc nng khc mi thc hin c. in p chn 2 nay khng ph thuc lp thch anh hay khng lp thch anh CF001.Khi mch CF001 khng lm vic chn 15 v 16 u l 0V, cc chn 17, 18, 19, 20, 30, 31, 32, 33 cng u l 0V.

Chn 34: Dich chuyn hin th ln trn hay xung di. hin th dch ln trn tng ng vi h s mnh

Khi in p chn ny l 5V 60Hz.

Khi in p chn ny xp x 0V 50Hx.

hin th dch xung di tng ng vi h s

Chn 35: Mch AFT. Khi khng c tn hiu in p chn ny l 6V. Khi ang d bt tn hiu in p chn ny bin i t 0 6V. Khi ang thu tn hiu in p chn ny khong 2 5V, trung bnh trn di 3V.

Chn 36: Mch tc ng d d. Khi khng c tn hiu in p chn ny l 1V. Khi bt c tn hiu chn 32IC301 xut hin xung ng b dng, xung dn ny c n vo chn 36 lm dung d. Khi c tn hiu in p chn ny l 0.7V.

Hai chn 35 v 36 l mch tc ng ng d. dng d khi ta bt c tn hiu cn tho mn ng thi hai iu kin: + C t bin in p chn 35. Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6
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Bo co tt nghip + Xut hin xung ng b dng chn 36. Khi my hng khng t ng dng d c ta phi kim tra hai iu kin ny. o in p chn 35 khi thu c hnh xem c thay i vi vn hay khng. o bng oscillo xem c xung dng chn 36 (khi thu c hnh hay khng. Nu khng c oscillo th o xc inh tng i bng ng h vn nng in p chn 36. Khi c tn hiu in p chn 36 thp hn (0,7V) so vi khi khng c tn hiu (1V). in p AFT chn 35 l t cc 6 ca khi IF a n. Mach AFT ca trung tn b hng hay chnh sa sai s lm cho in p AFT ca chn 35 ny khng chun khng t ng dng d.

Chn 38 v chn 39: Ni IC nh. Chn 40: iu chnh trng thi mu h NTSC, tc ng n chn 42 ca IC301. Khi iu chnh HUE (TINT) in p chn ny bin i t 0 8,3V. Chc nng hue ny ch xut hin v thay i c khi chn 14 l 5V tc l khi thu tn hiu h NTSC 60Hz.

Cc chn 41, 42, 43: Chuyn di sng thu I (VL), II (V), UHF.

Thu di sng no th chn tng ng c ni masse (trong IC). 2 chn kia h mch v u t 8,5V do c dng d qua 2 trong 3 dn Q151, Q153, Q154.

Chn 46: ng ra ca tn hiu hin th. Tn hiu hin th mu xanh l cy ly ra chn nay qua n m Q005 a vo n khuych i mu xanh l cy Q704 trong mng ui n hnh to hin th mu xanh l cy trn mn nh,

Chn 48 v chn 49: Mch dao ng to hin th, mch ny khng lm vic khng c hin th trn mn nh.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

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Bo co tt nghip

Chn 50: Nhn xung mnh to hin th .Xung mnh ly t chn 7IC cng sut mnh IC551 c khuych i o pha a vo chn ny. ng ny h mch khng c hin th trn mn nh.

Chn 51: Nhn xung ng b dng to hin th. Xung dng ly t b phn p bng t C809, C815 v C810 a vo chn ny.

Chn 52: Ngun cung cp. Ngun nui 5V ly 5V IC005 a vo chn ny cp ngun nui cho IC xi s l lm vic.

3 1 3 0
H.IN 9 AFC

2 9
VC

2 8
GN

2 7
H

2 6
HP

2 5
VCC

V. Mch to qut dng mnh

VIN VP.H VRAMP VNF V DD

IC301

S tng th mch to qut dng mnh nh sau:

VCC REF HV GN

1 4

1 5

1 6

1 7

1 8

1 9

2 1

2 2

2 3

2 4

IC551 LA783 0

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

Q801 T801

33
Q802
FLYBACK T851

Bo co tt nghip

Hnh7: S tng th mch qut dng mnh.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

34

Bo co tt nghip Ngun nui 115V qua R815 v R814 a vo chn 25 IC301 cung cp ngun nui cho mch dao ng dng mnh. Thch anh X301 (500KHz) lp chn 29 IC301 to ra tn hiu tn s 500KHz. Trong IC c mch chia tn chia thnh tn s dng v tn s mnh. Tn hiu dao ng dng ngc c ly ra chn 27 IC301 a n n kch dng Q801 ri a n tn s cng sut dng Q802 cui cng to ra dng in li tia dng Tn hiu dao ng mnh ly ra chn 18 IC301 c a n chn 4 IC cng sut mnh IC551 (LA7830) cui cng to ra dng in mnh trong cui li mnh (V+, V-). Mch chn 16 l mch to dng in rng ca qut mnh. Mch chn 17 l mch hi tip m ci thin hnh dng dng in qut mnh, chn ny c ni vi mch iu chnh tuyn tnh mnh V. SIZE. Chn 19 cp ngun nui cho mch dao ng lm vic. Trong mch dao ng tao qut mnh dng ca IC301 c mch bo v ct dao ng dng khi c s c. Mch ny c thc hin 2 chn 21 v 22 IC301. Nguyn l ca mch nh sau: Dng in i vo mch cng sut l mch in i qua in tr R815 (1,2V), dng in ny s to ra 1 s st p trn in tr R858, st p ny c th lm tn hiu dng ngt chuyn mch bo v ct dao ng dng khi c s c. Khi my c s c qu ti cho dong qua R858 ln khng lm vic. n Q561 thng, xut hin my

in p dng cc C n ny chn 22 c in p dng ln tt dao ng

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

35

Bo co tt nghip Chn 21 l chn cp ngun nui cho mch chn 22 lm vic. Nu khi chn 21 khng c in p mc d chn 22 c in p dng vi vn tr ln th dao ng vn khng b ct. Trong qu trnh sa cha phn dao ng dng ta phi ch n in p chn 22 ny. Nu chn 22 in p l 0V c dao ng dng bnh thng. Nu in p l vi vn tr ln khng c dao ng dng.

IC801 v n Q821 lm nhim v sa mo gi (PIN). Khi hng dao ng mnh ta ch khim tra cc mch trong hnh trn.

VI. Mch tn hiu chi Mch tn hiu chi c thc hin bi mt phn ca IC301. Ta c s cc chn mch chi ca IC301 nh sau:
Q3 01

4 8

4 8

4 8

4 8 SHAPRP

4 8

4 8

4 8

4 8

4 8

4 8

4 8 GCLAMP

4 4 RCLAMP BCLAMP 8 8

4 8 BLK

4 8

GN

VCC

PIC

BRI

PIC

H.P

IC301 CXA1213BS

IC101 LA7016
5 1 4 3 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Sinh vin:IF201 Nguyn Thanh Tng R220 Lp: TVT _K6

Q201

36

Bo co tt nghip

Hnh 8: S cc chn mch chi Tn hiu video tng hp t chn 4 IC101 i vo chn 3 tr chi YCM301 ch cn li tn hiu chi y i ra chn 5 YCM301 i n n m Q301 ri vo chn 46IC301. Trong IC301 tn hiu chi sau khi i qua nhiu khu s i n mt mch ma trn kt hp vi 2 tn hiu mu R-Y v B-Y to ra 3 tn hiu R G B ly ra 3 chn 37, 38, 39. Nu l tn hiu en trng th 3 u ra 37, 38, 39 s l tn hiu chi ging nhau. Mch s cc chn ca IC301 h. cng l mch to nh sng bnh thng trn mn nh. in p 3 chn 37, 38, 39 to thin p cho 3 n khuych i sc Q703, Q704, Q705 (trong bng ui n hnh) lm vic sng bnh thng trn m nh. Ty theo bin in p ca 3 chn ny m mn nh sng hay ti hoc thin v mt mu no .

Chn 47: Chn cp ngun nui cho mch chi lm vic. Khng c ngun a vo chn ny 3 u ra 37, 38, 39 khng c in p mn nh ti.

Chn 45: Mch iu chnh SHARPNESS, y khng dng n. in p chn ny ln nh gai, in p chn ny thp nh mn.

Chn 44: iu chnh bin tn hiu chi ( tng phn). Khi iu chnh PICTURE in p chn ny bin i t 0 3V.

Chn 41: iu chnh sng ti. Khi iu chnh BRIGHT in p chn ny bin i t 3, 5 4,2V.

Cc chn 34, 35, 36: Cc mch ghim ca 3 ng mu B, R, G. Mt chn vo trong cc chn ny b h hay chp mn nh s thin v mt mu tng ng vi chn mu .

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

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Bo co tt nghip

Chn 33: Lm ti m nh khi chuyn chng trnh .Bnh thng chn ny c in p khong 0,9V. Mi mt ln chuyn chng trnh chn ny c in p vi vn t IC vi x l a n lm ti mn nh.

Chn 26: ng xung dng vo cho mch ma trn trong IC 301 lm vic . Nu khng c xung dng vo chn ny th in p 3 u ra 37, 38, 39 s lch nhau nhiu mn nh tr thnh mu xanh tm rt sng.

Chn 37: 5,5V Chn 38: 0,5V. Chn 38: 3,5V V sa cha mch chi v mch to sng trn mn nh ta c nhng cch khim tra sau:

- Khi gp trng hp nh sng khng bnh thng nh b ti, qu sng, thin v 1 mu no th ta vic u tin l o in p 3 u ra 37, 38, 39. Nu in p 3 u ra ny u xp x trn di 2V th hng hc l mng ui n hnh. Nu 3 in p 3 u ra sai khc nhau nhiu so vi 2V k c khi rt jc CN301 ra th hng hc l phn IC301. - Khi bit hng hc phn IC301 ta c cc hng sa cha sau: + Nu c in p 3 u ra (chn 37, 38, 39) khng c th kim tra ngun nui chn 47IC301. + Nu in p 3 u ra b lch nhau th kim tra ng cung dng vo chn 26 v kim tra s h mch hay chp mch ca 3 chn mch ghim (chn 34, 35, 36).

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

38

Bo co tt nghip Khi mch SECAM dn vo chn 34, 35 IC301 b hng cng lm cho in p 3 u ra lch nhau. loi tr vic hng do khi SECAM a ta n ta c th u tt kim tra bng cch sau: Ht h thic 2 chn 10 v 11 ca IC401 ra Ni chn t C304 v C305 (phn ni vi chn 10 v chn 11 ca IC401 xung masse). Nu trong cch ny m in ap 3 u tr li bnh thng m trc in apc lch nhau nhiu th vic hng IC401.Gp trng hp mn nh qu ti hay sng th ta phi kim tra in p BRIGHT chn 41 v in p chn 33. C th loai tr mch ABL hng nh hng n in p BRIGHT bng cch ht thic h cc C Q306 th vn sang s bnh thng. Khi nh sng qu ti hoc nh sng c tia qut ngc th c th l do hng mng ui n hnh. Cc in tr ni vo chit p sreen cng hay b t. Khi nh sng qu ti hoc qu sng c tia qut ngc th c th l do hng mng ui n hnh. Cc in tr ni vi chit p screen cng hay b t. Gp trng hp nh sng bnh thng m khng bt c hnh (khng c nhiu) hoc hnh m (km nhiu) ta c th kim tra mch chi ca IC 301 nh sau: o kim tra in p PICTURE v SAHARPNASS chn 44 v chn 45

c khng.
-

thang o in p thp v o in p chn 46, nu t que o vo m mch chi ca IC301 tt.

mn nh ti i

Khi nghi ng hng YCM301 lm cho tn hiu chi km ta c th u tt kim tra bng cch sau: Ht h thic 2 chn 3 v 5 ca YCM301 ra. Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

39

Bo co tt nghip Ni phn hn thic ca chn 3 vi phn hn thic ca chn 5 YCM301. Nu hnh p th ICM301 b hng. Khi nghi ng IC chuyn mch (IC 101) b hng dn n hnh m hay khng c hnh ta c th u tt kim tra bng cch sau : Ht h thic chn 4 v chn 7 IC101 Hn phn hn thic ca 2 chn ny vi nhau. Nu hnh khng r nt th IC101 b hng Khi xc nh c ng tn hiu video t cc 12 khi IF n chn 46 IC301 thng sut bnh thng v mch IC301 tt m vn khng c hnh hoc hnh m th vic hng l kh trung tn hoc knh. VII. Mch tn hiu trung tn hnh v trung tn ting Mch tn hiu trung tn hnh v trung tn ting c thc hin trong khi trung tn IF201. T hp in p hai chn: 1 v 12 vi x l tc ng vo hai cc 11 (SYS -1) v cc 13 (SYS -2) ca khi IF201 lm khi trung tn hot ng cc h khc nhau.

Di y l cc s hot ng khc nhau ca mi h.

Chn IC vi x l M34302MB-612SP 11 in 0V p 12 5V

Cc IF201 IF-380A 11 0V 13 4,9V 3 0V 4

Chn IC02LA7910

7 6,8V

1, 2, 8 0V

1,5V

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

40

Bo co tt nghip

in p 6,8V chn 7 IC02 lm cho nQ13 v n Q21 thng bo ho.

-

n Q13 thng bo ho

cc E n Q14 c ni masse qua R32 v

C12// L12

n Q14 lm nhim v khuych i m tn hiu video tng hp.

ng tn hiu hnh qua by thch anh chn ting CT08 (6,5MHz), qua Q15, Q08, Q09 ri qua cc 12 khi trung tn. Tn hiu trung tn ting ph qua thch anh cng hng CF07 (6,5MHz) a vo chn 17 IC01.
-

n Q21 thng bo ho

in tr R46 c ni masse

cun T05 tch

sng tn s 6,5MHz. H I (6,0MHz)

Chn IC vi x l Cc IF201 M34302MB612SP 11 in p 5V 12 5V IF-380A 11 4,9V 13 4,9V 3 1,5V

Chn IC02LA7910

4 1,5V

7 6,8V

1, 2, 7 0V

in p 6,8V chn 8 IC02 lm cho nQ11 v n Q20 thng bo ho. n Q11 thng bo ho lm cho n Q10 lm nhim v khuych i m

tn hiu video tng hp. Tn hiu hnh qua by thch anh chn ting CT06 (6,0MHz)// L10, qua Q12 ri qua cc 12 khi trung tn IF. Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6
41

Bo co tt nghip Tn hiu trung tn ting ph qua by cng hng CF05 (6,0MHz) a vo chn 17 IC01.
-

n Q20 thng bo ho

cun L17 c ni masse

cun T05 lm

vic tch sng tn s 6,0MHz. H B/G (5,5MHz) Chn IC vi x l Cc IF201 M34302MB612SP 11 in p 0V 12 0V IF-380A 11 0V 13 0V 3 0V 4 0V 7 6,8 V 2, 7, 8 0V Chn IC02LA7910

in p 6,8V chn 1 IC02 lm cho nQ06 v n Q19 thng bo ho. n Q06 thng bo ho lm cho n Q05 lm nhim v khuych i m

tn hiu video tng hp. Tn hiu hnh qua by thch anh chn ting CT04 (5,5MHz)// L07, qua Q07, Q08, Q09 ri qua cc 12 khi trung tn IF. Tn hiu trung tn ting ph qua by cng hng CF03 (5,5MHz) a vo chn 17 IC01.
-

n Q19 thng bo ho

cun L16 c ni masse

cun T05 lm

vic tch sng tn s 5,5MHz. H M (4,5MHz) Chn IC vi x l CIF201 Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6
42

Chn IC02LA7910

Bo co tt nghip M34302MB612SP 11 in p 5V 12 0V 11 4,9V 13 0V 3 1,5V 4 0V 2 6,8V 1, 7, 8 0V IF-380A

in p 6,8V chn 2 IC02 lm cho nQ03 v n Q16 thng bo ho. n Q03 thng bo ho lm cho n Q02 lm nhim v khuych i m

tn hiu video tng hp. Tn hiu hnh qua by thch anh chn ting CT02 (4,5MHz)// L04, qua Q04 ri qua cc 12 khi trung tn IF. Tn hiu trung tn ting ph qua by cng hng CF01 (4,5MHz) a vo chn 17 IC01.
-

n Q20 thng bo ho

cun L17 c ni masse

cun T05 lm

vic tch sng tn s 4,5MHz. in p 6,8V chn 2 IC02 cn lm cho 2 n Q17 v Q18 thng bo ho t

C17 v C18 c ni masse thay i di thong u vo trung tn ph hp vi h NTSC M. Cch sa cc h tivi: Khi mt h no y trong 4 h D/K, I, B/G, M b hng nhng khng c hnh, khng c ting hoc hnh xu ting km th ta tin hnh sa cha theo cc bc sau: n phm h trn mt my a v h ang hng.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

43

Bo co tt nghip
-

o in p ca cc chn IC vi x l, cc IF201 v cc chn ca IC02 ri s xc nh hng vi x l hay

so snh vi cc bng 2, bng 3, bng 4, bng 5 IC02 Sa cha thay th cc linh kin hng.

VIII. B knh n Q1 lm nhim v khuych i cao tn di UHF. n Q3 to tn hiu ngoai sai di UHF. n Q2 lm nhim v trn sng di UHF. n Q4 lm nhim v khuch i cao tn di VH v VL. IC1 lm nhim v trn sng v khuch i chng cho 3 di VH, VL, UHF. n Q5 lm nhim v n p, cp ngun nui cho IC1 (chn 1 v chn 3). in p ghi trong s ca n Q4 v IC1 o trong trng hp my ang s dng di VH, VL. di UHF cc chn ca Q4 (tr chn G2) u khng c in p cc chn ca IC1 s khc i. in p cc chn ca n Q1, Q2, Q3 ghi trong s l khi ang u khng c in p (tr chn G2 ca n Q1) di UHF in p cc chn IC nh sau:

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

44

Bo co tt nghip

0v 0v

5v 5v

0v

2.5v

0v

0v

5.1v 4.1v

1 0

3.3V

1 2

1 1

4.1V 0v

0v

1 4

1 3

5.1v

1 6

1 5

0v

Hnh 9: in p cc chn IC in p ca cc K ca cc diode bin dung khi t in p VC l 20V. Khi b khnh b hng ta c th ht thic tho b b knh ra ngoi ri hn cu dy sa cha. Vic sa cha cn kim tra 2 phn:

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

45

Bo co tt nghip Vic cung cp ngun v s lm vic ca cc linh kin tch cc (n

trng, n bn n, diode, IC) Kim tra s sai hng ca cc linh kin th ng nh t in , cun cm,

n n lm sai lch tn s thu tn hiu . Khu ny xc nh rt kh nhng may mn l cc linh kin khu nay t hng. kim tra vic cp ngun v s lm vic ca cc linh kin tch c ta c th o in p cc chn ca n, IC, diode ri so snh i chiu vi cc gi tr in p ghi trong s tm ch hng. c c in p VC20V ta lm nh sau:
-

Hn mt t in 10 f t chn 51 vo chn 36IC vi x l c xung dng

thay cho xung ng b dng c trong tn hiu hnh thu c. t ng h o in p cc VC ca knh ri n cc phm my t ng

d bt tn hiu (khng lp ng ten).

-

Khi thy in p VC c 20V th qut chn 35 IC vi x l xung masse

my s khng d hnh na v in p VC nh 20V. Cch ny cng kim tra s t ng dng d ca IC vi x l. Trong cch ny vic d tin d thc hin dng hn, cn d li th kh dng. kim tra s t ng dng d ca IC vi x l . Trong cc cch ny d tin d thc hin dng hn, cn d li th kh dng. IX. H mu PAL Vic gii m tn hiu mu PAL c thc hin bi mt phn ca IC301 .Mch gii m tn hiu mu PAL gm cc chn ca IC301 nh sau:

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

46

Bo co tt nghip

7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CI N

4 3 COL

3 9

3 8

IC301 CXA-1213BS
AC C

C OUT

PHASE

U 5

V 6

APC 7

X4 8

3/4
9

P/N 1 2

1
YCM302

C 2

T301

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

Q302

47

Bo co tt nghip

Hnh 10 Mch gii m tn hiu mu PAL Tn hiu sng mang mu c trong tn hiu video tng hp ly ra chn 1 b lc tr chi YCM301 a vo chn 3 b lc YCM302. B lc YCM302 s chon lc cc tn hiu c tn s xung quanh tn s 4,43MHz v xung quanh tn s 3,58MHz. Ty theo in p chn 6 YCM302 m b lc chn tn s no. h PAL v NTSC 4,43 in p chn 6 l 0V b lc ra tn s 4,43MHz. h NTSC 3,58 in p chn 6 l vi vn b lc lc ra tn s 3,58MHz. Tn hiu sng mang mu ly ra chn 1 YCM302 a vo chn 1 IC301 gii m. Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

48

Bo co tt nghip Trong IC301 tn hiu sng mang mu vo chn 1c a qua mt b khuch i ri ra chn 3 TC301. Ti y tn hiu sng mang mu i thnh 2 ng: Mt ng qua Q302 i vo dy tr L301. Mt ng i vo im gia ca cun bin p T301.

Bin p T301 lm nhim v l mch cng v tr tch ra 2 tn hiu U(B-Y) v V(R-Y) a vo 2 chn 5 v 6 ca IC301. Vo trong IC hai tn hiu U v V s qua 2 b tch song B-Y v R-Y tch ra 2 tn hiu B-Y v R-Y. Hai tn hiu B-Y v R-Y c tch ra kt hp vi tn hiu chi i vo mch ma trn trong IC301 cui cng tch ra kt hp vi tn hiu chi i vo mch ma trn trong IC301 cui cng to ra 3 tn hiu n sc B, R, G ly ra 3 chn 37, 38, 39 IC301. in p chn 12 IC301 quy nh IC gii m h no. Khi in p chn 12 l 0V my gii m h PAL. Nu in p chn 12 l vi vn (h mch masse) m h NTSC. Chn 2: Mch lc t ng iu chnh khuch i mu. in p chn ny hay i tu theo tn hiu. Khi khng c tn hiu mu in p chn ny thp khong 0,5V. Khi c tn hiu hu mu vo in p chn ny l 7. Do c im ny ta c th o in p chn ny xc nh xem c sng mang mu vo IC301 hay khng.

my gii

Chn 4: Mch iu chnh pha. Chn 7: Mch t ng iu chnh pha. Cc t C323, C317 m b d mu. mt

Chn 8: Mch dao ng tn s 4,43MHz tch song iu bin nn.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

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Bo co tt nghip

Chn 9: Chuyn mch lm thay i b lc sng mang mu. Khi thu tn hiu mu h PALv h NTSC4, 43 in p chn ny l 0V. Khi thu tn hiu mu h NTSC4,58 in p chn ny l 4V.

Chn 13: Thay i h tn s 50/60Hz. Khi thu tn hiu c tn s mnh l 50V in p chn ny l 0V. Khi thu tn hiu c tn s mnh l 60Hz in p chn ny l 3,7V.

Chn 43: iu chnh bo ho. Khi iu chnh COLOR in p chn ny thay i t 0v n vi vn. Ch khi c tn hiu tc l c xung ng b dng vo chn 36 IC vi x l th iu chnh COLOR chn ny mi thay in p

Cch sa h PAL Khi hnh nh en trng r nt bnh thng m h mu PAL mt hoc xu ta tin hnh sa cha nh sau:
-

o in p cc chn ca IC301, so snh i chiu in p o c vi

in p ghi trong s , phn tch tm ra ch hng. Kim tra tn hiu sng mang mu t YCM301 qua YCM302 n chn 1

IC301. Khi nghi ng vic hng YCM301 hay YCM302 ta c th u tt ng tn hi sng mang mu kim tra loi tr hng. Ch n in p chn 12. Khi thu h PAL cn thit phi xoay nm

COLSYS v v tr ni masse in p chn 12 l 0V. Kim tra tn hiu mu vo chn 5 v chn 6 bng vic o in tr ca cc

cun day cun T301.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

50

Bo co tt nghip X.H mu NTSC 4.43 Mch gii m h NTSC 4.43 c nhiu mch trng vi mch gii m h PAL ca IC301. y c iu khc bit chnh l: Chn 12 phi h mch so vi masse. Trong h 4.43 cn c chc nng thay i sc thi mu (HEU) chn 42.

7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CIN

4 3 COL

4 2
HUE

3 9

3 8

IC301 CXA-1213BS

1
YCM302

C 2

PHASE

APC 7

X4 8

3/4
9

P/N
1 2

Q301 Q551

Hnh 11 Mch gii m h NTSC 4.43

Khi thu tn hiu hn NTSC tn s mnh 60Hz chn 13 c in p cao l 3,7V lm cho: Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6
51

5 0\ 6 0
1 3

ACC

Q003

Bo co tt nghip
-

n Q551 thng

n Q553 v Q552 h mch

thay i tuyn tnh mnh

v tm mnh.
-

n Q301 thng

chn 34 IC vi x l c mc in p cao lm hin th trn

mn nh dch ln trn. Khi h PAL m c mu cn h NTSC4.43 khng c mu th ta ch cn quan tm n 2 chn ca IC301 l chn 12 (chuyn mch) v chn 42 (HUE). C th kim tra chn 4. XI. H mu NTSC 3.58 Mch gii m mu h NTSC3.58 u ging nh mch gii m h NTSC4.43 khc ch l h NTSC3.58 mch dao ng n tch song iu bin nn l mch dao ng tn s 3,58MHz do c lp thch anh X358 (3,58MHz) chn 10 IC301.

7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CIN

4 3 COL

4 2
HUE

3 9

3 8

IC301 CXA-1213BS

1
YCM302

C 2

PHASE

APC 7

X3 9

3/4
1 0

P/N
1 2

Q301 Q551

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

52

5 0\ 6 0
1 3

ACC

Q003

Bo co tt nghip

Hnh 12: Mch gii m mu h NTSC3.58

S thay i chn 13 dn n s thay i khc cng ging nh h NTSC4,43. Khi h NTSC4, 43 c mu m h NTSC3, 38 khng c mu th ta cn phi kim tra mch nh sau:
- Mch dao ng 3,58MHz chn 10 YCM301, kim tra thay th X358 nu

nghi ng hng.
- Kim tra sng mang mu ca b lc YCM302, o in o chn 9 IC301. h

NTSC3, 58 in o chn 9 IC301 phi l 4V. XII. H mu SECAM Tn hiu video tng hp qua n m Q401 i vo cun lc chung (BELL) T403. Tn hiu sng mang iu tn h SECAM c tch ra ly trn 2 u cun T403 i vo chn 1 v 2 ca IC401 gii m SECAM. Trong IC401 tn hiu sng mang mu sau khi qua mch khuych i mt phn tn hiu c ly ra chn 24 i n n m Q304 vo dy tr L301. Tn hiu c ly ra chn 24 i n n m Q304 ly ra trn 2 u in tr R315 i vo 2 chn 21 v 22IC401. Hai tn hiu Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng
53

Lp: TVT _K6

Bo co tt nghip mu ny kt hp vi tn hiu mu truyn hnh thng trong IC i n 2 mch tch song R-Y v B-Y. Hai tn hiu (R-Y), (B-Y) sau khi c tch song ly ra 2 chn 10 v 11 IC401 i n chn 35 v chn 34 IC301. Trong IC301 hai tn hiu R-Y v BY kt hp vi tn hiu Y trong mch ma trn cui cng to ra ba tn hiu mu R, G, B ly ra 3 chn 39, 38, 37 TC301. Cc cun T401 v T402 l cc mch tch song. Chn 15 l mch nhn dng. Trong cun ny khng lp cun dy cng hng . Xung dng chn 20 IV301 do mch dao ng dng to ra c a vo chn 13 (BG) ca IC401 phc v cho vic gii m tn hiu mu SECAM. Chn 14 (ACK) l chn chuyn mch. Khi chn ny h mch vi masse (0V) mch gii m SECAM khng lm vic. Khi chn ny h masse SECAM lm vic bnh thng. Ngi ta iu chnh bin tn hiu R-Y, B-Y ly ra chn 10 v chn 11 IC401 bng vic thay i in p COLOR chn 8 IC401 Bin cc tn hiu R-Y v B-Y ra chn 10 v 11 IC401 cn thay i khi iu chnh in p PICTURE chn 9 IC401 cn i gia tn hiu hnh vi tn hiu sc. Khi hnh nh en trng r nt m mt mu SECAM ta phi kim tra cc phn sau:
-

mch gii m

Sng mang mu vo chn 1, 2 v chn 21, 22 IC401. Xung dng chn 13 v chn 12 IC401. in p COLOR chn 8 IC401. Chuyn mch chn 14 (ACK).

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

54

Bo co tt nghip Cc cun tch song T401, T402.

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PHN 3: MT S LOI MN HNH HIN NAY

I. Mn hnh CRT Mn hnh CRT s dng phn mn hunh quang dng hin th cc im nh, cc im nh pht sng theo ng mu sc cn hin th cn cc tia in t tc ng vo chng to ra s pht x nh sng. ng phng CRT s to ra cc tia in t p vo mn hunh quang hin th cc im nh theo mong mun. tm hiu nguyn l hin th hnh nh ca cc mn hnh CRT, ta hy xem nguyn l hin th hnh nh ca mt mn hnh n sc (en trng), cc nguyn l mn hnh CRT mu u da trn nn tng ny. Nguyn l hin th hnh nh ca mn hnh en-trng cc mn hnh CRT c in: Ton b lp hunh quang trn b mt ch hin pht x mt mu duy nht vi cc mc thang xm khc nhau to ra cc im nh en trng. Mt im nh c phn thnh cc cng sng khc nhau s c iu khin bng chm tia in t c cng khc nhau. Chm tia in t c xut pht t mt ng pht ca n hnh. Ti y c mt dy tc (kiu ging dy tc bng n si t) c nung nng, cc in t t do trong kim loi ca si dy tc nhy khi b mt v b ht vo in trng to ra trong ng CRT. to ra mt tia in t, ng CRT c cc cun li tia theo hai phng (ngang v ng) iu khin tia ny n cc v tr trn mn hunh quang. m bo cc tia in t thu hp thnh dng im theo kch thc im nh thit t, ng CRT c cc thu knh in t (hon ton khc bit vi thu knh quang hc) bng cc cun dy hi t chm tia. Tia in t c qut ln b mt lp hunh quang theo tng hng, ln lt t trn xung di, t tri qua phi mt cch rt nhanh to ra cc khung hnh tnh, nhiu khung hnh tnh nh vy thay i s to ra hnh nh chuyn ng. Cng cc tia ny thay i theo im nh cn hin th trn mn hnh, vi cc im nh mu en cc tia ny c cng thp nht (hoc khng c), vi cc im Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

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Bo co tt nghip nh trng th tia ny ln n gii hn, vi cc thang mu xm th tu theo mc sng m tia c cng khc nhau. Nguyn l hin th hnh nh ca mn hnh mu loi CRT ging vi mn hnh en trng trnh by trn. Cc mu sc c hin th theo nguyn tc phi mau pht x. Mi mu c xc nh ghp bi 3 mu c bn. T ba mu ny m my in trc y ch gm ba hp mu c bn trn, in mu en th cc my in ny in c ba mu vi cng cao pha trn sao cho ra mu en (ch khn gphi l mu trng nh trong hnh ny) Trn mn hnh hin th lp hunh quang ca mn hnh en trng c thay bng cc lp pht x mu dc t trn xung di mn hnh (iu ny hon ton c th quan st c bng mt thng). Nh vy, c th thy mn hnh CRT, mi hnh nh c hin th khng tc thi, m t pha trn xung pha di. Nu dng my nh chp nh mn hnh CRT vi tc nhanh s nhn thy cc hnh nh xut hin theo tng khi ngang mn hnh. y chnh l nguyn nhn c s cm nhn v rung hnh. i vi mn hnh tinh th lng, cc hnh nh tnh c hin th gn nh tc thi nn khng c cm gic ny (do tn s lm ti 60 Hz vn khng c cm gic rung hnh. II. Mn hnh LCD Do hnh nh c m ho v hin th di dng bn ma trn im nh, nn mn hnh LCD cng phi c cu to t cc im nh. Mi im nh trn mn hnh LCD s hin th mt im nh ca khung hnh. Trong mi im nh trn mn hnh LCD, c ba im nh con (subpixel), mi im nh hin th mt trong ba mu: , xanh l, xanh lam. nm c nguyn l hot ng ca mn hnh LCD.

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Bo co tt nghip 1. Mt s khi nim. nh sng phn cc: theo l thuyt sng nh sng ca Huyghen, Fresnel v Maxwell, nh sng l mt loi sng in t truyn trong khng gian theo thi gian. Phng dao ng ca sng nh sng l phng dao ng ca t trng v in trng (vung gc vi nhau). Dc theo phng truyn sng, phng dao ng ca nh sng c th lch nhau mt gc tu . Xt tng qut, nh sng bnh thng c v s phng dao ng khc nhau. nh sng phn cc l nh sng ch c mt phng dao ng duy nht, gi l phng phn cc. Knh lc phn cc: l loi vt liu ch cho nh sng phn cc i qua. Lp vt liu phn cc c mt phng c bit gi l quang trc phn cc. nh sng c phng dao ng trng vi quang trc phn cc s truyn ton b qua knh lc phn cc. nh sng c phng dao ng vung gc vi quang trc phn cc s b chn li. nh sng c phng dao ng hp vi quang trc phn cc mt gc 0<<90 s truyn mt phn qua knh lc phn cc. Cng nh sng truyn qua knh lc phn cc ph thuc vo gc hp bi phng phn cc ca nh sng v quang trc phn cc ca knh lc phn cc. Tinh th lng: c pht hin bi mt nh thc vt ngi o nm 1888. Khi ni n khi nim tinh th, ta thng lin tng ti vt cht th rn v c mt cu trc hnh hc trong khng gian nht nh. Tuy nhin vi tinh th lng th khc. Tinh th lng khng c cu trc mng tinh th c nh nh cc vt rn, m cc phn t c th chuyn ng t do trong mt phm vi hp nh mt cht lng. Cc phn t trong tinh th lng lin kt vi nhau theo tng nhm v gia cc nhm c s lin kt v nh hng nht nh, lm cho cu trc ca chng c phn ging cu trc tinh th. Vt liu tinh th lng c mt tnh cht c bit l c th lm thay i phng phn cc ca nh sng truyn qua n, tu thuc vo xon ca cc chm phn t. xon ny c th iu chnh bng cch thay i in p t vo hai u tinh th lng. Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6
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Hnh13 2. Cc lp cu to mn hnh LCD.

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Bo co tt nghip Quay tr li cu to mn hnh tinh th lng. Mn hnh tinh th lng c cu to bi cc lp xp chng ln nhau. Lp di cng l n nn, c tc dng cung cp nh sng nn (nh sng trng). n nn dng trong cc mn hnh thng thng, c sng di 1000cd/m2 thng l n hunh quang. i vi cc mn hnh cng cng, t ngoi tri, cn sng cao th c th s dng n nn xenon. n nn xenon v mt cu to kh ging vi n pha bi-xenon s dng trn cc xe hi cao cp. n xenon khng s dng dy tc nng sng nh n Vonfram hay n halogen, m s dng s pht sng bi nguyn t b kch thch, theo nh lut quang in v mu nguyn t Bo. Bn trong n xenon l hai bn in cc, t trong kh tr xenon trong mt bnh thu tinh thch anh. Khi ng ngun, cp cho hai in cc mt in p rt ln, c 25 000V. in p ny vt ngng in p nh thng ca xenon v gy ra hin tng phng in gia hai in cc. Tia la in s kch thch cc nguyn t xenon ln mc nng lng cao, sau chng s t ng nhy xung mc nng lng thp v pht ra nh sng theo nh lut bc x in t. in p cung cp cho n xenon phi rt ln, th nht vt qua ngng in p nh thng sinh ra tia la in, th hai kch thch cc nguyn t kh tr ln mc nng lng cao nh sng do chng pht ra khi quay tr li mc nng lng thp c bc sng ngn. Lp th hai l lp knh lc phn cc c quang trc phn cc dc, k n l mt lp tinh th lng c kp cht gia hai tm thu tinh mng, tip theo l lp knh lc phn cc c quang trc phn cc ngang. Mt trong ca hai tm thu tinh kp tinh th lng c ph mt lp cc in cc trong sut.

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Bo co tt nghip Ta xt nguyn l hot ng ca mn hnh LCD vi mt im nh con: nh sng i ra t n nn l nh sng trng, c v s phng phn cc. Sau khi truyn qua knh lc phn cc th nht, ch cn li nh sng c phng phn cc dc. nh sng phn cc ny tip tc truyn qua lp tinh th lng. Nu gia hai u lp tinh th lng khng c t mt in p, cc phn t tinh th lng s trng thi t do, nh sng truyn qua s khng b thay i phng phn cc. nh sng c phng phn cc dc truyn ti lp knh lc th hai c quang trc phn cc ngang s b chn li hon ton. Lc ny, im nh trng thi tt.

Hnh

14

3.Cu to mt im con.

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Bo co tt nghip Nu t mt in p gia hai u lp tinh th lng, cc phn t s lin kt v xon li vi nhau. nh sng truyn qua lp tinh th lng c t in p s b thay i phng phn cc. nh sng sau khi b thay i phng phn cc bi lp tinh th lng truyn n knh lc phn cc th hai v truyn qua c mt phn. Lc ny, im nh c bt sng. Cng sng ca im nh ph thuc vo lng nh sng truyn qua knh lc phn cc th hai. Lng nh sng ny li ph thuc vo gc gia phng phn cc v quang trc phn cc. Gc ny li ph thuc vo xon ca cc phn t tinh th lng. xon ca cc phn t tinh th lng ph thuc vo in p t vo hai u tinh th lng. Nh vy, c th iu chnh cng sng ti mt im nh bng cch iu chnh in p t vo hai u lp tinh th lng. Trc mi im nh con c mt knh lc mu, cho nh sng ra mu , xanh l v xanh lam.Vi mt im nh, tu thuc vo cng nh sng tng i ca ba im nh con, da vo nguyn tc phi mu pht x, im nh s c mt mu nht nh. Khi mun thay i mu sc ca mt im nh, ta thay i cng sng t i ca ba im nh con so vi nhau. Mun thay i sng t i ny, phi thay i sng ca tng im nh con, bng cch thay i in p t ln hai u lp tinh th lng. Mt nhc im ca mn hnh tinh th lng, chnh l tn ti mt khong thi gian mt im nh chuyn t mu ny sang mu khc (thi gian p ng response time). Nu thi gian p ng qu cao c th gy nn hin tng bng ma vi mt s cnh c tc thay i khung hnh ln. Khong thi gian ny sinh ra do sau khi in p t ln hai u lp tinh th lng oc thay i, tinh th lng phi mt mt khong thi gian mi c th chuyn t trng thi xon ng vi in p c sang trng thi xon ng vi in p mi. Thng qua vic ti to li mu sc ca tng im nh, chng ta c th ti to li ton b hnh nh. III.Mn hnh Plasma.

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Bo co tt nghip Plasma: Plasma l mt trong cc pha (trng thi) ca vt cht. trng thi plasma, vt cht b ion ho rt mnh, phn ln cc phn t hoc nguyn t ch cn li ht nhn, cc electron chuyn ng tng i t do gia cc ht nhn. ng dng c tnh ny ca plasma, ngi ta ch to ra mn hnh plasma. trng thi bnh thng, cc ion dng v electron chuyn ng hn lon. Vn tc tng i ca chng so vi nhau khng ln. Khi t kh plasma vo gia hai in cc, in trng tc dng ln cc ht mang in s lm cho chng chuyn ng c hng: cc electron b ht v pha cc dng, cc ion dng b ht v pha cc m. Trong qu trnh chuyn ng ngoc chiu nhau nh vy, cc ht mang in va chm vo nhau vi vn tc tng i rt ln. Va chm s truyn nng lng cho cc electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t kh, lm cho cc electron ny nhy ln mc nng lng cao hn, sau mt khong thi gian rt ngn, cc electron s t ng chuyn xung mc nng lng thp hn v sinh ra mt photon nh sng theo nh lut bc x in t. Trong mn hnh plasma, ngi ta s dng kh xenon hoc kh neon. Cc cht kh ny khi b kch thch s pht ra tia cc tm, khng nhn c trc tip bng mt thng, nhng c th gin tip to ra nh sng kh kin.

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Hnh 15:cac lop man plasma

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Bo co tt nghip Cng ging nh mn hnh LCD, mn hnh Plasma cng c cu to t cc im nh, trong mi im nh cng c ba im nh con th hin ba mu , xanh l, xanh lam. Mi im nh l mt bung kn, trong c cha cht kh xenon hoc neon. Ti mt trc ca bung c ph lp pht pho. Ti hai u bung kh cng c hai in cc. Khi c in p c t vo hai in cc, cht kh bn trong bung kn s b ion ho, cc nguyn t b kch thch v pht ra tia cc tm. Tia cc tm ny p vo lp pht pho ph trn mt trc ca bung kn s kch thch cht pht pho, lm cho chng pht sng. nh sng pht ra s i qua lp knh lc mu t trc mi bung kn v cho ra mt trong ba mu c bn: , xanh l, xanh lam. Phi hp ca ba nh sng ny t ba im nh con trong mi im anh s cho ra mu sc ca im nh. Nhc im ch yu ca mn hnh Plasma so vi mn hnh LCD l chng khng hin th c mt phn gii cao nh mn hnh LCD c cng kch thc. iu ny do trong mn hnh LCD, mi im nh con ch cn mt lp tinh th lng kh b cng c th thay i phng phn cc ca nh sng mt cch d dng, t to iu kin ch to cc im nh vi kch thc b, to nn mt s lng ln im nh trn mt n v din tch ( phn gii cao). Cn vi mn hnh Plasma, mi im nh con thc cht l mt bung kn cha kh. Th tch ca lng kh cha trong mt bung kn ny phi t mt gi tr nht nh c th pht ra bc x t ngoi mnh khi b kch thch ln trng thi plasma. Chnh v th, kch thc mt im nh ca mn hnh Plasma kh ln so vi mt im nh ca mn hnh LCD, dn n vic vi cng mt din tch hin th, s lng im nh ca mn hnh Plasma t hn LCD, ng ngha vi phn gii thp hn. IV.Mn hnh th h mi: LED display v Laser TV.

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Bo co tt nghip Nu nh khong vi nm trc y, mn hnh tinh th lng v mn hnh Plasma c coi l hai nh dng mn hnh th h mi, thay th cho mn hnh CRT qu c k. So vi mn hnh CRT, mn hnh tinh th lng v plasma c nhng u im vt tri: kch thc nh gn, kiu dng n tng, thit k tm phng, v c th ch to c nhng mn hnh vi kch thc khng l. Mn hnh tinh th lng, plasma, kt hp vi cng ngh truyn hnh nt cao HDTV ang m ra mt k nguyn mi trong lnh vc nghe nhn, gii tr. Nhng, khng dng li , trong khi mn hnh tinh th lng v plasma ang tng bc chim lnh th trng, th tin tc v nhng th h mn hnh mi, vi u im vt tri hn xut hin. Mn hnh LED v Laser ang c coi l hai nh dng mn hnh th h mi, sau k nguyn LCD v Plasma. Chim u th so vi mn hnh CRT truyn thng bi nhiu u im, nhng mn hnh LCD v Plasma cng c nhng nhc im khng th chi ci. Thi gian p ng, gc nhn v tng phn lun l im yu cht ngi ca mn hnh LCD trong bt c cuc cnh tranh no vi nhng loi mn hnh khc. Mc d cng ngh sn xut tm panel mn hnh ngy cng pht trin, nhng do c tnh k thut ca mn hnh LCD, s khng c mt ci tin no c th xo b hon ton nhng nhc im ca loi mn hnh ny. Vi mn hnh plasma, phn gii, kh khn khi sn xut nhng mn hnh kch thc b, gi thnh cao l nhng nhc im ln. Mt cch tng qut, ti mng ho cao cp, mn hnh tinh th lng v plasma vn cha th cung cp mt cht lng hnh nh, chn thc mu sc nh nhng mn hnh CRT truyn thng. nh vo nhng im yu ca, mn hnh LED v Laser ra i, kt hp c u im ca mn hnh tinh th lng, plasma l kch thc nh gn, kiu dng p, v ca mn hnh CRT l cht lng hnh nh tuyt ho.

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Bo co tt nghip Nhc im ca mn hnh LCD v Plasma, bt ngun t chnh cu to ca hai loi mn hnh ny. to ra c mu sc ti mi im nh, cn phi tng hp mu sc t ba im nh con. Mu sc ca ba im nh con ny c c nh lc mu t nh sng trng pht ra t n nn. Vic lc c chnh xc ba mu xanh l, xanh lam, l khng h d dng. Rt kh ch to c nhng knh lc mu hon ho, c th lc c ton b nh sng, ch cho mt nh sng n sc i qua. Bao gi cng c mt lng nh nhng nh sng n sc c mu khc lt qua c knh lc mu. Chnh nhng nh sng lt qua ngoi mong mun ny khin cho mu sc ca mi im nh con khng t chnh xc tuyt i, dn n vic hin th mu sc ti im nh cng khng chnh xc. Hn na, nhc im ny cn khin ph mu m mn hnh LCD cng vi Plasma c kh nng ti to l khng ln. Mt mn hnh LCD vi panel TN ch c kh nng hin th thc 262 000 mu sc, ngay c vi panel PVA cao cp, cng ch hin th c 16.7 triu mu. So vi ph mu m mt ngi cm nhn c, kh nng hin th mu sc ca mn hnh LCD v Plasma ch t 35-40%. Hai loi mn hnh th h mi, LED v Laser, v cu to chung cng tng t nh mn hnh LCD v Plasma, bao gm cc im nh, mi im nh cng c ba im nh con, mi im nh con hin th mt mu c bn trong h mu RGB. Tuy nhin, khc vi mn hnh tinh th lng v plasma, mn hnh LED v Laser khng s dng phng php lc nh sng t nh sng n nn cho ra nh sng n sc, m s dng phng php pht trc tip ra nh sng c bc sng mong mun. Nh vic pht ra trc tip nh sng n sc, mi im nh con s cho ra mt mu sc chnh xc, v mu sc tng hp hin th ti mi im nh cng chnh xc. Mn hnh LED v Laser ang trong giai on nghin cu nn hu nh rt t nh sn xut cng b cc c tnh k thut, nguyn l chi tit, nhng v c bn c th phn tch hot ng ca hai loi mn hnh trn nh sau: 1.Mn hnh LED.

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Bo co tt nghip Mn hnh LED, hin ang c h tr pht trin bi tp on SAMSUNG. LED Light emitting Diode, it pht quang, l mt loi it bn dn c kh nng pht ra nh sng kh kin, cng nh cc loi bc x hng ngoi v t ngoi. Cu to ca LED gm hai khi bn dn, mt khi loi p, v mt khi loi n ghp vi nhau. Khi t mt in p thun vo hai u LED, l trng trong khi bn dn p v electron trong khi bn dn n chuyn ng v pha nhau. Ti mt tip xc xy ra mt s tng tc gia l trng v electron. Trong qu trnh tng tc ny c th gii phng nng lng di dng nh sng kh kin hoc cc bc x in t khc nh tia hng ngoi, t ngoi. Bc sng ca nh sng kh kin pht ra ph thuc vo mc nng lng c gii phng. Mc nng lng c gii phng ph thuc vo cu trc nguyn t ca cht lm bn dn. Ngy nay, nh nghin cu v vt liu bn dn, con ngi c th ch to c nhng LED c kh nng pht ra mu sc nh mong mun, trong c ba mu c bn ca h mu RGB l xanh, xanh l, .

Hnh 16: 3 mau co ban cua LED1

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Bo co tt nghip ng dng LED trong vic sn xut mn hnh, mi im nh s c cu to t ba LED: xanh, xanh l, . Nh iu chnh cng sng ca tng LED, c th thay i cng sng t i ca ba LED so vi nhau, nh to ra mu sc tng hp ti mi im nh. Khi mun im nh tt, ch cn tt ton b 3 LED l c th thu c mu en tuyt i, khng gp phi hin tng mu en khng chn thc do l sng t n nn nh vi mn hnh LCD. 2.Mn hnh Laser. Mn hnh Laser ang c coi l cng ngh mn hnh th h mi nhiu trin vng nht, c h tr pht trin bi Mitsubishi. Laser l vit tt ca cm: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, khuch i nh sng bng cc pht x kch thch. nh sng laser pht ra cng da trn nguyn l bc x in t, tuy nhin c nhiu tnh cht c bit so vi nh sng thng thng. nh sng laser c cng mnh l laser c to thnh t cht rn. Mt cht rn thch hp, khi nhn c kch thch t bn ngoi, cc electron bn trong s nhy ln mc nng lng cao hn, sau li nhanh chng chuyn v mc nng lng thp hn v gii phng mt photon nh sng. Photon ny bay ra, chuyn ng trong lng khi cht rn, li va chm vi nhng nguyn t khc, kch thch electron ca nguyn t ny ln trng thi cao hn, sau khi nhy xung trng thi thp li tip tc pht ra mt photon khc. C nh vy to ra mt phn ng dy chuyn, cng ngy cng gii phng ra nhiu photon. Ti mt u ca khi cht rn c gn mt gng bn m. Photon gp gng ny s i ra ngoi, to thnh tia Laser. Cc photon ca tia laser, do c cng tn s, cng pha, li chuyn ng song song vi nhau nn tia laser c nng lng rt ln, li c tp trung trong mt din tch nh. Mt c im quan trng ca tia laser, l cc photon ca n sinh ra t phn ng dy chuyn, nn nng lng ca cc photon ging nhau tuyt i, dn n bc sng ca tia laser l ng nht tuyt i.

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Bo co tt nghip Mt mn hnh laser, yu cu phi c ba tia laser vi ba mu sc xanh, xanh l, . Hin nay, mi ch c tia laser (cn gi l laser hng ngc) l ph bin v c kh nng ng dng trong sn xut mn hnh, cn laser xanh v xanh l, do c nng lng cao hn nn gn nh khng th to c trong iu kin hot ng ca mt mn hnh. Thay vo , phi s dng mt qu trnh bin i tn s thu c laser c tn s cao hn tn s ca tia laser gc. Qu trnh ny gi l Second Harmonic Generation, li dng s tng tc ca cc photon vi vt liu phi tuyn c bit kt hp nng lng vo mt photon mi, c nng lng gp i photon ban u, hay c bc sng nh bng mt na. Second Harmonic Generationi c tm ra vo nm 1961, mt thi gian sau khi cc nh khoa hc tm c phng php to ra tia laser bng hng ngc. Nh phng php ny, c th to ra c laser xanh v laser xanh l. Mn hnh laser, vi nguyn l hot ng da vo vic pht ra cc tia laser thay cho vic dng n cng cao (HID: high intensity discharge) trong cc mn hnh projector, c nhiu u im so vi cc loi mn hnh hin nay nh c kh nng ti to li mt ph mu rt rng vi chnh xc mu sc cao (c th t n hn 90% ph mu m mt ngi c th cm nhn), tiu th t nng lng hn mn hnh LCD hay Plasma, kch thc gn nh, tui th lu (c th ln n hn 50000 gi). Mn hnh Laser ang c nhanh chng hon thin trong vic nghin cu, c kh nng s ra mt vo cui nm 2007, v dn ph bin vo na sau nm 2008 v u 2009. Theo d on, mt khi a vo sn xut quy m ln, gi thnh ca mn hnh Laser s r hn rt nhiu so vi gi mn hnh LCD v Plasma hin ti, c th ch bng mt na V.Mn hnh SED. Mn hnh SED, mt thi gian tng c coi l cng ngh mn hnh th h mi trin vng nht, so vi cc cng ngh khc nh mn hnh Laser, mn hnh OLED... Tuy nhin, t sau nm 2004, vi v rc ri gia nano-proprietary (hng pht Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

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Bo co tt nghip minh ra cng ngh SED) v Canon (hng mua bn nguyn sn xut mn hnh SED) do Canon t chia s cng ngh vi Toshiba, cc hot ng nghin cu v a vo sn xut mn hnh SED chm hn li. Ban u, Canon d nh tung ra mu trng by chnh thc mn hnh SED vo trin lm CES 2006 v sn xut i tr vo cui nm 2006, u nm 2007. Sau k hoch ny b hu b. Vic cng b mn hnh SED c di sang trin lm CES 2007. Tuy nhin, mt nm sau, thm mt ln na, k hoch cng b mn hnh SED b tr hon, rt ng tic khi m cng ngh mn hnh v truyn hnh nt cao chnh l tiu im nng nht ca hi ch CES 2007. Mn hnh SED nh mt v th l cng ngh mn hnh th h mi trin vng nht vo mn hnh Laser. Nguyn nhn ch yu l gi ca mn hnh SED khi sn xut hng lot s khng th cnh tranh c trn th trng, sau cn st gim gi chng mt hai loi mn hnh LCD v Plasma. Mn hnh SED: Surface-conduction electron-emitter display: mn hnh pht x in t dn b mt. Cng ngh SED thc cht c nghin cu t rt lu, vo nm 1986. Ngay sau khi mn hnh CRT tr nn ph bin, gii khoa hc nhn ra mt s im yu ca loi mn hnh ny, trong r rt nht l tn s qut qu thp vi mt s sn phm c kch thc khung hnh ln. Mt tng ban u c a ra, l s dng nhiu sng phng in t thay cho mt sng phng in t ci thin tn s qut. chnh l tng bt ngun cho vic nghin cu cng ngh mn hnh SED, mt ci tin ln t mn hnh CRT. Cu to c bn ca mn hnh CRT bao gm mt sng phng in t, mt h thng to t trng bin i qu o electron, v mt mn hunh quang. ng phng in t da theo hiu ng pht x nhit electron. Khi cung cp nng lng cho mu kim loi di dng nhit, cc electron s c truyn nng lng bt ra khi lin kt mng tinh th kim loi. Cc electron ny sau khi bt ra c tng tc bi mt in trng. Sau khi c tng tc bi in trng, electron c qu o thng hng v pha mn hunh quang. Trc khi p vo mn hunh quang, electron s phi bay qua mt vng t trng c to bi hai cun dy, mt cun to t trng ngang v Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng
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Lp: TVT _K6

Bo co tt nghip mt cun to t trng dc. Tu theo cng ca hai t trng ny, qu o ca electron trong t trng s b lch i v p vo mn hunh quang ti mt im c nh trc. To ca im ny trn mn hnh c th c iu khin bi vic iu chnh cng dng in trong hai ng dy, qua iu chnh cng t trng tc dng ln electron. Electron p vo mn hunh quang (thng l ZnS) s khin im pht sng. to ra ba mu c bn trong h mu RGB, ngi ta s dng ba sng phng in t ring, mi sng tng ng vi mt mu. Cng ngh mn hnh SED, v c bn kh ging vi mn hnh CRT, cng da vo s pht sng ca cht hunh quang khi b electron p vo. Tuy nhin, mn hnh SED c mt ci tin vt bc so vi mn hnh CRT, l thay v s dng mt sng phng in t iu khin s pht sng ca ton b im nh, mn hnh SED s dng ring mt sng phng in t cho tng im nh. Vi mn hnh CRT, c th iu khin mt chm tia electron qut khp chiu ngang v chiu dc mn hnh, yu cu u tin l qu o ca chm tia electron trong t trng phi di, tng ng vi ln ca mn hnh. iu ny gy ra nhc im ca mn hnh CRT l chiu dy qu ln. Nhc im th hai ca mn hnh CRT, l tn s qut. Do ch vi mt chm tia electron, li phi qut sut ton b cc im nh trn mn hnh hin th mt khung hnh, nn thi gian hin th mt khung hnh s cng ln khi s im nh cng ln. iu ny gy tr ngi cho vic sn xut cc mn hnh c kch thc ln. Mt nhc im na ca mn CRT l do chm tia electron phi qut xung quanh mt tm, nn b mt mn hnh l b mt cong ( l hi trc, cn gi y th c mn CRT phng). Bng vic s dng mt sng phng in t cho mt im nh ring bit, mn hnh SED khc phc hon ton ba nhc im ni trn ca mn hnh CRT. Do mi im nh c mt sng phng in t ring, nn chm electron sau khi c tng tc bi in trng s ti p thng vo mn hunh quang m khng cn bay qua vng t trng, nn b dy ca mn hnh SED rt b, ch ngang nga vi mn hnh LCD v Plasma. Mi im nh c iu khin c lp bi mt sng phng nn ton b im nh trn khung hnh s hin th cng mt lc, tn s hin th s ln Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6
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Bo co tt nghip hn nhiu so vi tn s qut ca mn hnh CRT. V cui cng, khng h c bt c mt qu trnh "qut" no vi mn hnh SED, nn hin nhin b mt mn hnh s l b mt phng. Nh vy, nh da trn cng ngh truyn thng ca mn hnh CRT nn mn hnh SED s c cht lng hnh nh ngang nga mn hnh CRT, tuy nhin c kch thc mn hnh ln hn, phn gii cao hn, v nh gn hn.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Thanh Tng Lp: TVT _K6

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