Dien Tu So - DHBK Ha Noi

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net
Tm kim & download ebook: bookilook.com
Bch Khoa Online: hutonline.net
IN T S
Digital Electronics B mn K thut my tnh Khoa Cng ngh thng tin Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
Bch Khoa Online: hutonline.net Tm kim & download ebook: bookilook.com
a ch lin h ca tc gi
Vn phng:
B mn K thut my tnh Khoa Cng ngh thng tin Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni P322 C1 S 1, i C Vit, H Ni T : 04 8696125
Ging vin: Nguyn Thnh Kin Mobile: +84983588135 Email:

kiennt@it-hut.edu.vn
Mc ch mn hc
Cung cp cc kin thc c bn v:
Cu to Nguyn l hot ng ng dng
ca cc mch s (mch logic, IC, chip) Trang b nguyn l

Phn tch Thit k
cc mch s c bn To c s cho tip thu cc kin thc chuyn ngnh

Ti liu tham kho chnh

Introductory Digital Electronics - Nigel P. Cook Prentice Hall, 1998 Digital Systems - Principles and Applications Tocci & Widmer - Prentice Hall, 1998 http://ktmt.shorturl.com
Thi lng mn hc
Tng thi lng: 60 tit
L thuyt: 45 tit, ti ging ng Thc hnh: 15 tit.
M phng mt s mch in t s trong gio trnh s dng phn mm Multisim v8.0
Hng dn thc hnh ti phng my
C1-325, C Nguyt B mn KTMT lin h
Np bo co thc hnh km bi thi Khng c bo co thc hnh => 0 im.
Ni dung ca mn hc
Chng 1. Gii thiu v in t s Chng 2. Cc hm logic Chng 3. Cc phn t logic c bn Chng 4. H t hp Chng 5. H dy
in t s
Chng 1 GII THIU V IN T S
B mn K thut My tnh, Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
Gii thiu v in t s
in t s
Gii thiu v in t s (tip)

H thng in t, thit b in t
Cc linh kin in, in t (component) Cc mch in t (circuit) Cc thit b, h thng in t (equipment, system)

S v tng t:
Trong khoa hc, cng ngh hay cuc sng i thng, ta thng xuyn phi tip xc vi s lng S lng c th o, qun l, ghi chp, tnh ton nhm gip cho cc x l, c on phc tp hn C 2 cch biu din s lng:
Dng tng t (Analog) Dng s (Digital)
Dng tng t:
VD: Nhit , tc , in th ca u ra micro L dng biu din vi s bin i lin tc ca cc gi tr (continuous)
Dng s:
VD: Thi gian hin trn ng h in t L dng biu Bch Khoa Online: hutonline.net din trong cc gi tr thay i tng nc ri rc (discrete)
10

H thng s v tng t:
H thng s (Digital system)
L t hp cc thit b c thit k x l cc thng tin logic hoc cc s lng vt l di dng s VD: My vi tnh, my tnh, cc thit b hnh nh m thanh s, h thng in thoi ng dng: lnh vc in t, c kh, t
H thng tng t (Analog system)

Cha cc thit b cho php x l cc s lng vt l dng tng t VD: H thng m-ly, ghi bng t
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Cng ngh s - u, nhc im so vi tng t
Dng cng ngh s thc hin cc thao tc ca gii php tng t
u im ca cng ngh s:
Cc h thng s d thit k hn:
Khng cn gi tr chnh xc U, I, ch cn khong cch mc cao thp
Lu tr thng tin d
C cc mch cht c th gi thng tin lu ty
chnh xc cao hn
Vic nng t chnh xc 3 ch s ln 4 ch s n gin ch cn lp thm mch h tng t, lp thm mch s nh hng U, I v thm nhiu
Cc x l c th lp trnh c t b nh hng bi nhiu Bch Khoa Online: hutonline.net Tm chip C th ch to nhiu mch s trong cc kim & download ebook: bookilook.com
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Cng ngh s - u, nhc im so vi tng t
Hn ch: Th gii thc ch yu l tng t
Cc s lng vt l trong thc t, t nhin ch yu l dng tng t. VD: nhit , p sut, v tr, vn tc, rn, tc dng chy
Chuyn i cc u vo thc t dng tng t thnh Bch Khoa Online: hutonline.net dng s
X l thng tin S
Chuyn i cc u ra s v dng tng t thc t

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S kt hp ca cng ngh s v tng t!
14
in t s
Chng 2 CC HM LOGIC
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Ni dung chng 2
2.1. Gii thiu 2.2. i s Boole 2.2. Biu din cc hm logic di dng chnh quy 2.3. Ti thiu ha cc hm logic
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2.1. Gii thiu

Mch logic (mch s) hot ng da trn ch nh phn:
in th u vo, u vo hoc bng 0, hoc bng 1 Vi 0 hay 1 tng trng cho cc khong in th c nh ngha sn VD: 0 0.8V :0 2.5 5V :1
Cho php ta s dng i s Boole nh l mt cng c phn tch v thit k cc h thng s

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Gii thiu (tip)

i s Boole:
Do George Boole sng lp vo th k 19 Cc hng, bin v hm ch nhn 1 trong 2 gi tr: 0 v 1 L cng c ton hc kh n gin cho php m t mi lin h gia cc u ra ca mch logic vi cc u vo ca n di dng biu thc logic L c s l thuyt, l cng c cho php nghin cu, m t, phn tch, thit k v xy dng cc h thng s, h thng logic, mch s ngy nay.
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Gii thiu (tip)

Cc phn t logic c bn:
Cn gi l cc cng logic, mch logic c bn L cc khi c bn cu thnh nn cc mch logic v h thng s khc
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Gii thiu (tip)

Mc tiu ca chng: sinh vin c th
Tm hiu v i s Boole Cc phn t logic c bn v hot ng ca chng Dng i s Boole m t v phn tch cch cu thnh cc mch logic phc tp t cc phn t logic c bn
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Ni dung chng 2
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1. Cc nh ngha
Bin logic: l 1 i lng c th biu din bng 1 k hiu no , v mt gi tr ch ly gi tr 0 hoc 1. Hm logic: l biu din ca nhm cc bin logic, lin h vi nhau thng qua cc php ton logic, v mt gi tr cng ly gi tr 0 hoc 1. Php ton logic: c 3 php ton logic c bn:
Php V - "AND" Php Hoc - "OR" Php o - "NOT"
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Cc nh ngha (tip)
Cc gi tr 0, 1 khng tng trng cho cc con s thc m tng trng cho trng thi gi tr in th hay cn gi l mc logic (logic level) Mt s cch gi khc ca 2 mc logic:
Mc logic 0 Sai (False) Tt (Off) Thp (Low) Khng (No) (Ngt) Open switch
Mc logic 1 ng (True) Bt (On) Cao (High) C (Yes) (ng) Closed switch

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2. Biu din bin v hm logic

Dng biu Venn (le):
Mi bin logic chia khng gian thnh 2 khng gian con. Khng gian con th nht, bin nhn gi tr ng (=1), khng gian con th cn li, bin nhn gi tr sai (=0). VD: F = A AND B
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Biu din bin v hm logic (tip)

Dng biu thc i s:
K hiu php V AND: . K hiu php Hoc OR: + K hiu php o NOT: VD: F = A AND B hay F = A.B
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Dng bng tht:
Dng m t s ph thuc u ra vo cc mc in th u vo ca cc mch logic Bng tht biu din 1 hm logic n bin c:
(n+1) ct:
n ct u tng ng vi n bin ct cn li tng ng vi gi tr ca hm
2n hng:
tng ng vi 2n gi tr ca t hp bin
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Dng ba Cc-n:
y l cch biu din tng ng ca bng tht. Trong , mi trn ba tng ng vi 1 dng ca bng tht. Ta ca xc nh gi tr ca t hp bin. Gi tr ca hm c ghi vo tng ng.
27

Dng biu thi gian:
L th biu din s bin i theo thi gian ca bin v hm logic VD: vi F = A . B
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3. Cc php ton logic c bn
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4. Tnh cht ca php ton logic c bn Tn ti phn t trung tnh duy nht trong php ton AND v OR
Ca php AND l 1: A . 1 = A Ca php OR l 0: A + 0 = A
Tnh cht giao hon

A.B = B.A A+B = B+A
Tnh cht kt hp
(A.B).C = A.(B.C) = A.B.C (A + B) + C = A + (B + C) = A + B + C
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Cc tnh cht (tip)

Tnh cht phn phi
(A + B).C = A.C + B.C (A.B) + C = (A + C).(B + C)
Tnh cht khng s m, khng h s

A.A.A. .A = A A+A+A+ +A = A
Php b
A= A A+ A =1
A. A = 0
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5. nh l DeMorgan
o ca mt tng bng tch cc o thnh phn
( a + b) = a . b
o ca mt tch bng tng cc o thnh phn
(a.b) = a + b
Tng qut:
f (.,+, a1 , a2 ,..., an ) = f (+,., a1 , a2 ,..., an )

32
6. Nguyn l i ngu
i ngu:
+ i ngu vi . 0 i ngu vi 1
V d:
(A + B).C = A.C + B.C (A.B) + C = (A + C).(B + C)
33
Ni dung chng 2
34
2.2. Biu din cc hm logic di dng chnh quy
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1. Tuyn chnh quy

nh l Shannon: mt hm logic bt k c th c trin khai theo 1 trong cc bin di dng tng ca 2 tch logic nh sau:
F ( A1 , A2 ,..., An ) = A1.F (1, A2 ,..., An ) + A1.F (0, A2 ,..., An )

V d:
F ( A, B) = A.F (1, B) + A.F (0, B) = A.[ B.F (1,1) + B.F (1,0)] + A.[ B.F (0,1) + B.F (0,0)] = AB.F (1,1) + AB.F (1,0) + AB.F (0,1) + AB.F (0,0)
Mt hm logic bt k u c th chuyn v dng tuyn Bch Khoa Online: chnh quy hutonline.netp dng nh l Shannon cho dngbookilook.com nh tuyn Tm kim & download ebook:
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p dng nhanh nh l Shannon
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2. Hi chnh quy
nh l Shannon: mt hm logic bt k c th c trin khai theo 1 trong cc bin di dng tch ca 2 tng logic nh sau:
F ( A1 , A2 ,..., An ) = [ A1 + F (0, A2 ,..., An )].[ A1 + F (1, A2 ,..., An )]

V d:
F ( A, B) = [ A + F (0, B)].[ A + F (1, B)] = ( A + [ B + F (0,0)].[B + F (0,1)]).( A + [ B + F (1,0)].[B + F (1,1)]) = [ A + B + F (0,0)].[ A + B + F (0,1)].[ A + B + F (1,0)].[ A + B + F (1,1)]
Mt hm logic bt k u c th chuyn v dng hi chnh Bch Khoa Online: hutonline.net quy nh p dng nh l Shannon cho dng hi bookilook.com Tm kim & download ebook:
38
p dng nhanh nh l Shannon
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3. Biu din hm logic di dng s
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Ni dung chng 2
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2.3. Ti thiu ha cc hm logic

Mt hm logic c gi l ti thiu ho nu nh n c s lng s hng t nht v s lng bin t nht. Mc ch ca vic ti thiu ho: Mi hm logic c th c biu din bng cc biu thc logic khc nhau. Mi 1 biu thc logic c mt mch thc hin tng ng vi n. Biu thc logic cng n gin th mch thc hin cng n gin. C hai phng php ti thiu ho hm logic:
Phng php i s Phng php ba Cc-n Bch Khoa Online: hutonline.net
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1. Phng php i s
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Phng php nhm s hng
44
Thm s hng c vo biu thc
45
Loi b s hng tha

Trong v d sau, AC l s hng tha:
Ti thiu ha?
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Bi tp p dng
VD1: Ti thiu ha cc hm sau bng phng php i s: a. F ( A, B, C , D ) = ( A + BC ) + A.( B + C )( AD + C ) b. F ( A, B, C , D ) = ( A + B + C )( A + B + C )( A + B + C )( A + B + C )
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2. Phng php ba Cc-n

Quy tc lp ba Cc-n:
2 lin k nhau ch sai khc nhau 1 gi tr ca 1 bin (tng ng vi t hp bin khc nhau 1 gi tr) Ba Cc-n c tnh khng gian
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Ba Cc-n cho hm 2, 3, 4 bin
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Quy tc nhm (dng tuyn chnh quy)

Nhm cc lin k m gi tr ca hm cng bng 1 li vi nhau sao cho:
S lng cc trong nhm l ln nht c th c, ng thi s lng trong nhm phi l ly tha ca 2, V hnh dng ca nhm phi l hnh ch nht hoc hnh vung
Nhm c 2n loi b c n bin Bin no nhn c gi tr ngc nhau trong nhm th s b loi Cc nhm c th trng nhau mt vi phn t nhng khng c trng hon ton v phi nhm ht cc bng 1 S lng nhm chnh bng s lng s hng sau khi ti thiu ha (mi nhm tng ng vi 1 s hng)
50
V d
F ( A, B, C ) = ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC F ( A, B, C ) = A + BC + BC
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Trng hp c bit
Nu gi tr hm khng xc nh ti mt vi t hp bin no :
K hiu cc khng xc nh bng du Nhm cc vi cc 1 Khng nht thit phi nhm ht cc
F ( A, B, C , D) = BC + BC
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Bi tp p dng
Ti thiu ha cc hm sau bng phng php ba Ccn:
a. F(A,B,C,D) = R(0,2,5,6,9,11,13,14) b. F(A,B,C,D) = R(1,3,5,8,9,13,14,15) c. F(A,B,C,D) = R(2,4,5,6,7,9,12,13) d. F(A,B,C,D) = R(1,5,6,7,11,13) v F khng xc nh vi t hp bin 12,15.
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in t s
Chng 3 CC PHN T LOGIC C BN
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Ni dung chng 3
3.1. Khi nim 3.2. Thc hin phn t AND, OR dng Diode 3.3. Thc hin phn t NOT dng Transistor 3.4. Cc mch tch hp s
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3.1. Khi nim

C 3 php ton logic c bn:
V (AND) HOC (OR) O (NOT)
Phn t logic c bn (mch logic c bn, cng logic) thc hin php ton logic c bn:
Cng V (AND gate) Cng HOC (OR gate) Cng O (NOT inverter)
Cc mch s c bit khc: cc cng NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR

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1. Cng V (AND gate)

Chc nng:
Thc hin php ton logic V (AND) u ra ch bng 1 khi tt c cc u vo bng 1
Cng V 2 u vo:
K hiu: A B out 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 Tm kim & download ebook: bookilook.com 1 1 1
57
Bng tht: Biu thc: out = A . B

2. Cng HOC (OR gate)

Chc nng:
Thc hin php ton logic HOC (OR) u ra ch bng 0 khi tt c cc u vo bng 0
Cng HOC 2 u vo:

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Bng tht: Biu thc: out = A + B

3. Cng O (NOT inverter)

Chc nng:
Thc hin php ton logic O (NOT)
Cng O ch c 1 u vo:
K hiu:
Bng tht: Biu thc: out = A

A 0 1
out 1 0
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4. Cng V O (NAND gate)

Chc nng:
Thc hin php O ca php ton logic V u ra ch bng 0 khi tt c cc u vo bng 1
Cng V O 2 u vo:
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Bng tht: Biu thc: out = A . B

5. Cng HOC O (NOR gate)

Chc nng:
Thc hin php O ca php ton logic HOC u ra ch bng 1 khi tt c cc u vo bng 0
Cng HOC O 2 u vo:

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Bng tht: Biu thc: out = A + B

6. Cng XOR (XOR gate)

Chc nng:
Exclusive-OR Thc hin biu thc logic HOC C LOI TR (php ton XOR - hay cn l php cng module 2) u ra ch bng 0 khi tt c cc u vo ging nhau
Cng XOR 2 u vo:

K hiu: A 0 0 1 1 B out 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
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Bng tht: Biu thc: out = A B = A.B + A.B Bch Khoa Online: hutonline.net
7. Cng XNOR (XNOR gate)

Chc nng:
Exclusive-NOR Thc hin php O ca php ton XOR u ra ch bng 1 khi tt c cc u vo ging nhau
Cng XNOR 2 u vo:

K hiu: A 0 0 1 1 B out 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
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Bng tht: Biu thc:

out = A B = A.B + A.B
8. Bi tp
Cho cc biu thi gian sau, hy cho bit tng biu thi gian biu din hot ng ca cng no? E0 (EA, EB) = ?
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Bi tp (tip)
E0 (EA, EB) = ?
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3.2. Thc hin phn t AND, OR

Diode:
K hiu: Chc nng: cho dng in i qua theo 1 chiu t A n K Hot ng:
Nu UA > UK th IAK > 0, Diode lm vic ch Thng Nu UA UK th IAK = 0, Diode lm vic ch Tt
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Phn t AND 2 u vo dng Diode

Xt mch hnh bn. Gi s ly TTL lm chun cho hot ng ca mch. Ln lt t in p 0V v 5V vo 2 u vo A v B, sau o in p ti u ra S, ta c:
S = A.B
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Phn t OR 2 u vo dng Diode

Xt mch hnh bn. Gi s ly TTL lm chun cho hot ng ca mch. Ln lt t in p 0V v 5V vo 2 u vo A v B, sau o in p ti u ra S, ta c:
S = A+B
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3.3. Thc hin phn t NOT

Transistor lng cc:
C 2 loi: NPN v PNP Transistor c 3 cc:
B: Base cc gc C: Collector cc gp E: Emitter cc pht
Chc nng: Dng khuch i (thng) dng IC bng vic iu khin dng IB Hot ng:
IB = 0, Transistor lm vic ch khng khuch i (tt), IC = 0 IB > 0, Transistor lm vic ch khuch i (thng), IC = .IB, trong l h s khuch i.
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Phn t NOT dng Transistor

Xt mch hnh sau.
Gi s ly TTL lm chun cho hot ng ca mch. Ln lt t in p 0V v 5V vo u vo A v chn Rb nh sao cho Transistor thng bo ha, sau o in p ti u ra S, ta c:
S=A
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3.4. Cc mch tch hp s

Cc phn t logic c cu thnh t cc linh kin in t Cc linh kin in t ny khi kt hp vi nhau thng dng cc mch tch hp hay cn gi l IC (Integrated Circuit). Mch tch hp hay cn gi l IC, chip, vi mch, bo c c im:
u im: mt linh kin, lm gim th tch, gim trng lng v kch thc mch. Nhc im: hng mt linh kin th hng c mch.
C 2 loi mch tch hp:

Mch tch hp tng t: lm vic vi cc tn hiu tng t Mch tch hp s: lm vic vi cc tn hiu s
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Phn loi mch tch hp s

Theo mt linh kin:
Tnh theo s lng cng (gate).
Mt cng c khong 210 transistor VD: cng NAND 2 u vo c cu to t 4 transistor
C cc loi sau:
SSI - Small Scale Integration: cc vi mch c mt tch hp c nh: < 10 cng/chip MSI - Medium Scale Integration: cc vi mch c mt tch hp c trung bnh: 10 100 cng/chip LSI - Large Scale Integration: cc vi mch c mt tch hp c ln: 100 1000 cng/chip VLSI - Very Large Scale Integration: cc vi mch c mt tch hp c rt ln: 103106 cng/chip ULSI - Ultra Large Scale Integration: cc vi mch c mt tch 6 hp hutonline.net Bch Khoa Online:c cc k ln: > 10 cng/chip
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Phn loi mch tch hp s (tip)

Theo bn cht linh kin c s dng:
IC s dng Transistor lng cc:
RTL Resistor Transistor Logic (u vo mc in tr, u ra l Transistor) DTL Diode Transistor Logic (u vo mc Diode, u ra l Transistor) TTL Transistor Transistor Logic (u vo mc Transistor, u ra l Transistor) ECL Emitter Coupled Logic (Transistor ghp nhiu cc emitter)
IC s dng Transistor trng - FET (Field Effect Transistor)

MOS CMOS
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Complementary MOS

73
c tnh in ca IC
Di in p quy nh mc logic VD: vi chun TTL ta c:
5V 5V
2V
Di in p khng xc nh
Di in p khng xc nh
3,5V
0.8V
0,5V
0V Vo
0V Ra
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c tnh in ca IC (tip)
Thi gian truyn: tn hiu truyn t u vo ti u ra ca mch tch hp phi mt mt khong thi gian no . Thi gian c nh gi qua 2 thng s:
Thi gian tr: l thi gian tr thng tin ca u ra so vi u vo Thi gian chuyn bin: l thi gian cn thit chuyn bin t mc 0 ln mc 1 v ngc li.
Thi gian chuyn bin t 0 n 1 cn gi l thi gian thit lp sn dng Thi gian chuyn bin t 1 n 0 cn gi l thi gian thit lp sn m Trong l thuyt: thi gian chuyn bin bng 0 Trong thc t, thi gian chuyn bin c o bng thi gian chuyn bin t 10% n 90% gi tr bin cc i.
75
c tnh in ca IC (tip)
Cng sut tiu th ch ng:
Ch ng l ch lm vic c tn hiu L cng sut tn hao trn cc phn t trong vi mch, nn cn cng nh cng tt. Cng sut tiu th ch ng ph thuc
Tn s lm vic. Cng ngh ch to: cng ngh CMOS c cng sut tiu th thp nht.
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c tnh c ca IC
L c tnh ca kt cu v bc bn ngoi. C 2 loi thng dng:
V trn bng kim loi, s chn < 10 V dt bng gm, cht do, c 3 loi
IC mt hng chn SIP (Single Inline Package) hay SIPP (Single In-line Pin Package) IC c 2 hng chn DIP (Dual Inline Package) IC chn dng li PGA (Pin Grid Array): v vung, chn xung quanh
77
c tnh c ca IC (tip)
Mt s dng IC:
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c tnh nhit ca IC
Mi mt loi IC c ch to s dng mt iu kin mi trng khc nhau ty theo mc ch s dng n.
IC dng trong cng nghip: 0C70C IC dng trong qun s: -55C 125C
79
VD: Phn t AND dng IC
80
VD: Phn t AND dng IC (tip)
81
VD: Phn t OR dng IC
82
VD: Phn t NAND dng IC
83
VD: Phn t NOR dng IC
84
VD: Phn t XOR v XNOR dng IC
85
Cc phn t logic c bn
AND: 74LS08 OR: 74LS32 NOT: 74LS04/05 NAND: 74LS00 NOR: 74LS02 XOR: 74LS136 NXOR: 74LS266
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Bi tp p dng
Biu din cc phn t logic hai u vo AND, OR v phn t logic mt u vo NOT ch dng phn t NAND.
87
in t s
Chng 4 H T HP
88
Ni dung chng 4
4.1. Khi nim 4.2. Mt s h t hp c bn
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4.1. Khi nim

H t hp l h m tn hiu ra ch ph thuc vo tn hiu vo ti thi im hin ti H t hp cn c gi l h khng c nh H t hp ch cn thc hin bng nhng phn t logic c bn
90
Ni dung chng 4
4.1. Khi nim 4.2. Mt s h t hp c bn
91
4.2. Mt s h t hp c bn
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
B m ha B gii m B chn knh B phn knh Cc mch s hc
92
1. B m ha
M ha l vic s dng k hiu biu din c trng cho mt i tng no . K hiu tng ng vi mt i tng c gi l t m. Th d:
93
B m ha (tip)
Chc nng: thc hin vic m ha cc tn hiu tng ng vi cc i tng thnh cc t m nh phn.
i tng tn hiu B m ha tn hiu T m
Th d:
A B C D
B m ha
S0 S1
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V d - B m ha bn phm
M ha bn phm:
Mi phm c gn mt t m khc nhau. Khi mt phm c nhn, b m ha s cho ra u ra l t m tng ng gn cho phm .
Hy thit k b m ha cho mt bn phm gm c 9 phm vi gi thit trong mt thi im ch c duy nht 1 phm c nhn.
95
B m ha bn phm (tip)
S khi:
Mt b 9 phm, phi s dng 4 bit m ha. Vy c 9 u vo, 4 u ra.
M ha u tin:
Nu 2 hoc nhiu phm ng thi c nhn, th b m ha ch coi nh 1 phm c nhn, v phm c m cao nht.
Vcc
P1
A BMH bn phm 9 phm B C D

P2
P9
96
B m ha bn phm (tip)
Bng m ha:
97
B m ha bn phm (tip)
Lp biu thc u ra ph thuc u vo:
A = 1 khi P8 hoc P9 c nhn, tc l khi P8 = 1 hoc P9 = 1 Vy A = P8 + P9 B = 1 khi P4 hoc P5 hoc P6 hoc P7 c nhn, tc l khi P4 = 1 hoc P5 = 1 hoc P6 = 1 hoc P7 = 1 Vy B = P4 + P5 + P6 + P7 C = 1 khi P2 hoc P3 hoc P6 hoc P7 c nhn, tc l khi P2 = 1 hoc P3 = 1 hoc P6 = 1 hoc P7 = 1 Vy C = P2 + P3 + P6 + P7 D = 1 khi P1 hoc P3 hoc P5 hoc P7 hoc P9 c nhn, tc l khi P1 = 1 hoc P3 = 1 hoc P5 = 1 hoc P7 = 1 hoc P9 = 1 Vy D = P1 + P3 + P5 + P7 + P9
V mch:
98
Bi tp v nh
Tm hiu hot ng ca bn phm my tnh n gin
TLTK: www.wikipedia.org
99
2. B gii m
Chc nng:
B gii m thc hin chc nng ngc vi b m ha. Cung cp thng tin u ra khi u vo xut hin t hp cc bin nh phn ng vi 1 hay nhiu t m c chn. T t m xc nh c tn hiu tng ng vi i tng m ha.
100
Hai trng hp gii m

Gii m cho 1 t m:
Nguyn l: ng vi mt t hp cn gii m u vo th u ra bng 1, cc t hp u vo cn li, u ra bng 0. VD: S = 1 nu (AB) = (10), S = 0 nu (AB) (10)
A B B G M S
Gii m cho ton b m:

Nguyn l: ng vi mt t hp no u vo th 1 trong cc u ra bng 1, cc u ra cn li bng 0.
S0 A
B G M
S1 S2 S3
101
V d - B gii m BCD
BCD: m ha s nguyn thp phn bng nh phn
102
B gii m BCD (tip)

Xc nh u vo v u ra:
Vo: t m nh phn 4 bit ( c 16 t hp) Ra: cc tn hiu tng ng vi cc s nh phn m t m m ha
Ta ch s dng 10 t hp, cn 6 t hp khng s dng n c coi l khng xc nh.
BCD Binary Coding Decimal
103
B gii m BCD Bng tht
104
Tm biu thc ca tng u ra
105
Tm biu thc ca tng u ra (tip)
106
107
108
109
V mch
110
3. B chn knh
MultiPlexor MUX C nhiu u vo tn hiu v 1 u ra Chc nng: chn 1 tn hiu trong nhiu tn hiu u vo a ra u ra
111
MUX 2-1
S khi:
E1 S E0 C0
Tn hiu chn:
Tn hiu ra:
S = C0 E0 + C0 E1
112
MUX 4-1
S khi:
E3 E2 E1 E0 C1 C0 S
Tn hiu chn:
Tn hiu ra:
S = C1 C0 E0 + C1C0 E1 + C1 C0 E2 + C1C0 E3
113
V d - Thit k MUX 2-1

Bng tht:
114
V d - Thit k MUX 2-1 (tip)

Biu thc u ra S:
115
V d - Thit k MUX 2-1 (tip)

S mch:
Minh ha
116
4. B phn knh
DeMultiPlexor DeMUX C 1 u vo tn hiu v nhiu u ra Chc nng: a tn hiu t u vo ti 1 trong nhng u ra
117
DeMUX 1-2
S khi:
E S1 C0 S0
Tn hiu chn:
118
DeMUX 1-4
S khi:
E S0 S1 S2 S3 C1 C0
Tn hiu chn:
119
V d - Thit k DeMUX 1-2

Bng tht:
Biu thc u ra:

S0 = C0 E S1 = C0 E
120
5. Cc mch s hc
a. B cng b. B tr c. B so snh
121
a. B cng
Chc nng: thc hin php cng gia 2 s nh phn. Bn tng (Half-Adder):
Thc hin php cng gia 2 bit thp nht ca php cng 2 s nh phn. S khi:
122
Bn tng (tip)
Bng tht:
Biu thc u ra ph thuc u vo:
si = ai bi
S mch:
ri +1 = ai .bi
Minh ha
Mch test
123
B cng y (Full-Adder)
Chc nng: thc hin php cng gia 2 bit bt k ca php cng 2 s nh phn. S khi:
ri: bit nh u vo ri+1: bit nh u ra
124
B cng y (tip)
Bng tht:
si = ai bi ri
ri +1 = ai .bi + ri (ai + bi )
125
B cng y (tip)
S mch:
Minh ha
Mch test
126
B cng nhiu bit

y l b cng 2 s nh phn n bit, kt qu nhn c l 1 s nguyn n+1 bit. S :
Minh ha
Mch test
127
b. B tr
Chc nng: thc hin php tr gia 2 s nh phn. Bn hiu (Half-Subtractor):
Dng thc hin php tr gia 2 bit thp nht trong php tr gia 2 s nh phn S khi:
Di: hiu Bi+1: bit mn
128
Bn hiu (tip)
Bng tht:
Di = ai bi
S mch:
Bi +1 = ai .bi
Minh ha
Mch test
129
B tr y (Full-Subtractor)
Chc nng: dng thc hin php tr gia 2 bit bt k trong php tr 2 s nh phn. S khi:
130
B tr y (tip)
Bng tht:
Di = ai bi Bi
Bi +1 = ai .bi + Bi .(ai bi )
131
B tr y (tip)
S mch:
Minh ha
Mch test
132
c. B so snh
Dng so snh 2 s nh phn C 2 kiu so snh:
So snh n gin:
Kt qu so snh: bng nhau, khc nhau
So snh y :
Kt qu so snh: ln hn, nh hn, bng nhau
C 2 loi b so snh:
B so snh n gin B so snh y
133
B so snh n gin
Gi s cn xy dng b so snh n gin 2 s A v B:
A a3 a2 a1 a0 B b3 b2 b1 b0 u ra S
S = 1 <=> A = B S = 0 <=> A B
134
B so snh n gin (tip)

Ta c:
a3 a 2 A=B a1 a 0
Suy ra:
a3 b3 = 1 a3 b3 = 0 a b = 0 = b2 2 a 2 b2 = 1 2 = b1 a1 b1 = 0 a1 b1 = 1 a0 b0 = 0 a b = 1 = b0 0 0 = b3
S = a3 b3 .a2 b2 .a1 b1 .a0 b0

135
B so snh n gin (tip)

S mch:
136
B so snh y
B so snh 2 bit y :
u vo: 2 bit cn so snh ai v bi u ra: 3 tn hiu bo kt qu ln hn, nh hn, bng nhau ca 2 bit
ai > bi <=> Gi = 1 cn Ei, Li = 0 ai < bi <=> Li = 1 cn Ei, Gi = 0 ai = bi <=> Ei = 1 cn Gi, Li = 0
S khi:
137
B so snh 2 bit y (tip)

Bng tht:
Biu din u ra theo u vo:
Gi = ai .bi Li = ai .bi
S mch:
Ei = ai bi
Minh ha
138
B so snh y 2 s nh phn
Cu to: gm cc b so snh 2 bit C tn hiu CS (Chip Select)
CS = 0, tt c cc u ra = 0 (khng so snh) CS = 1, hot ng bnh thng
Biu din cc u ra ca b so snh 2 bit theo u vo:
Gi = CS .ai .bi Li = CS .ai .bi
Ei = CS .(ai bi )
Minh ha
Mch test
139
VD: B so snh 2 s nh phn 3 bit

S mch b so snh 2 s nh phn 3 bit:
A = a2a1a0 B = b2b1b0
Minh ha
Mch test
140
Bi tp chng 4
Bi 1: Tng hp b chn knh 4-1. Bi 2: Thit k b tr/nhn 2 s 2 bit. Bi 3: Tng hp b chn knh 2-1 ch dng NAND. Bi 4: Tng hp mch t hp thc hin php ton sau : M = N + 3, bit rng N l s 4 bit m BCD cn M l s 4 bit.
141
in t s
Chng 5 H DY
142
Ni dung chng 5
5.1. Khi nim 5.2. M hnh ca h dy 5.3. Cc Trigger 5.4. Mt s ng dng ca h dy
143
5.1. Khi nim

H dy l h m tn hiu ra khng ch ph thuc vo tn hiu vo ti thi im hin ti m cn ph thuc vo qu kh ca tn hiu vo. H dy cn c gi l h c nh. thc hin c h dy, nht thit phi c phn t nh. Ngoi ra cn c th c cc phn t logic c bn.
144
Phn loi h dy
H dy ng b: khi lm vic cn c 1 tn hiu ng b gi nhp cho ton b h hot ng. H dy khng ng b: khng cn tn hiu ny gi nhp chung cho ton b h hot ng. H dy ng b nhanh hn h dy khng ng b tuy nhin li c thit k phc tp hn.
145
Ni dung chng 5
146
M hnh ca h dy
M hnh ca h dy c dng m t h dy thng qua tn hiu vo, tn hiu ra v trng thi ca h m khng quan tm n cu trc bn trong ca h.
147
M hnh ca h dy (tip)
C 2 loi m hnh:
Mealy Moore
Hai loi m hnh trn c th chuyn i qua li cho nhau.
148
a. M hnh Mealy
M hnh Mealy m t h dy thng qua 5 tham s:
X = {x1, x2, ..., xn} Y = {y1, y2, ..., yl} S = {s1, s2, ..., sm} FS(S, X) FY(S, X)
149
M hnh Mealy (tip)

Gii thch cc k hiu:
X l tp hp hu hn n tn hiu u vo Y l tp hp hu hn l tn hiu u ra S tp hp hu hn m trng thi trong ca h FS l hm bin i trng thi. i vi m hnh kiu Mealy th FS ph thuc vo S v X FS = FS(S, X) FY l hm tnh trng thi u ra: FY = FY(S, X)
150
b. M hnh Moore
M hnh Moore ging nh m hnh Mealy, nhng khc ch l FY ch ph thuc vo S: FY = FY(S)
151
Bng chuyn trng thi

M hnh Mealy:
152
Bng chuyn trng thi (tip)

M hnh Moore:
153
V d v m hnh h dy
S dng m hnh Mealy v Moore m t h dy thc hin php cng. V d:
154
V d: M hnh Mealy
X = {00, 01, 10, 11} - do c 2 u vo Y = {0, 1} - do c 1 u ra S = {s0, s1} - s0: trng thi khng nh - s1: trng thi c nh Hm trng thi FS(S, X): FS(s0, 00) = s0 FS(s0, 01) = s0 FS(s0, 11) = s1 FS(s0, 10) = s0 FS(s1, 00) = s0 FS(s1, 10) = s1 FS(s1, 01) = s1 FS(s1, 11) = s1
155
V d: M hnh Mealy (tip)

Hm ra FY(S, X): FY(s0, 00) = 0 FY(s0, 01) = 1 FY(s1, 00) = 1 FY(s1, 11) = 1
FY(s0, 11) = 0 FY(s0, 10) = 1 FY(s1, 10) = 0 FY(s1, 01) = 0
156
Bng chuyn trng thi
157
hnh chuyn trng thi
158
V d: M hnh Moore
X = {00, 01, 10, 11} - do c 2 u vo Y = {0, 1} - do c 1 u ra S = {s00, s01, s10, s11} - sij: i = 0 l khng nh i = 1 l c nh j = tn hiu ra
159
V d: M hnh Moore (tip)

Hm trng thi FS(S, X): FS(s00, 00) = s00 FS(s00, 01) = s01 FS(s01, 00) = s00 FS(s01, 01) = s01 FS(s10, 00) = s01 FS(s10, 01) = s10 FS(s11, 00) = s01 FS(s11, 11) = s11 Hm ra FY(S): FY(s00) = 0 FY(s10) = 0
FS(s00, 10) = s01 FS(s00, 11) = s10 FS(s01, 10) = s01 FS(s01, 11) = s10 FS(s10, 10) = s10 FS(s10, 11) = s11 FS(s11, 01) = s10 FS(s11, 10) = s10 FY(s01) = 1 FY(s11) = 1
160
Bng chuyn trng thi
161
hnh chuyn trng thi
162
Ni dung chng 5
163
Trigger
Phn t c bn ca h dy chnh l cc phn t nh hay cn gi l cc trigger u ra ca trigger chnh l trng thi ca n Mt trigger c th lm vic theo 2 kiu:
Trigger khng ng b: u ra ca trigger thay i ch ph thuc vo tn hiu u vo Trigger ng b: u ra ca trigger thay i ph thuc vo tn hiu vo v tn hiu ng b
164
Cc kiu ng b
ng b theo mc:
Mc cao:
Khi tn hiu ng b c gi tr logic bng 0 th h ngh (gi nguyn trng thi) Khi tn hiu ng b c gi tr logic bng 1 th h lm vic bnh thng.
Mc thp:
Khi tn hiu ng b c gi tr logic bng 1 th h ngh (gi nguyn trng thi) Khi tn hiu ng b c gi tr logic bng 0 th h lm vic bnh thng.
165
Cc kiu ng b (tip)
ng b theo sn:
Sn dng:
Khi tn hiu ng b xut hin sn dng (sn i ln, t 0 1) th h lm vic bnh thng Trong cc trng hp cn li, h ngh (gi nguyn trng thi).
Sn m:
Khi tn hiu ng b xut hin sn m (sn i xung, t 1 0), h lm vic bnh thng Trong cc trng hp cn li, h ngh (gi nguyn trng thi).
166
Cc kiu ng b (tip)
ng b kiu xung:
Khi c xung th h lm vic bnh thng Khi khng c xung th h ngh (gi nguyn trng thi).
167
Cc loi Trigger
C 4 loi Trigger:
RS D JK T Reset - Set Delay Jordan v Kelly Toggle Xa - Thit lp Tr Tn 2 nh pht minh Bp bnh, bt tt
168
a. Trigger RS
S khi:
Trigger RS hot ng c c 2 ch ng b v khng ng b
169
Bng chuyn trng thi ca RS
Q = S + qR
170
V d
Cho Trigger RS ng b mc cao v th cc tn hiu R, S nh hnh v. Hy v th tn hiu ra Q.
171
V d (tip)
172
b. Trigger D
Trigger D c 1 u vo l D v hot ng 2 ch ng b v khng ng b. Ta ch xt trigger D hot ng ch ng b.
173
Trigger D ng b
Trigger D ng b theo mc gi l cht D (Latch)
Trigger D ng b theo sn c gi l xc pht sn (Edge trigged)
174
Bng chuyn trng thi ca D
175
V d 1
Cho cht D kch hot mc cao. Hy v tn hiu ra Q dng trn cng trc thi gian vi tn hiu vo D.
176
V d 1 (tip)
177
V d 2
Cho trigger D xc pht sn dng. Hy v tn hiu ra Q dng trn cng trc thi gian vi tn hiu vo D.
178
V d 2 (tip)
179
c. Trigger JK
Trigger JK ch hot ng ch ng b S khi:
180
Bng chuyn trng thi ca JK
J~S K~R
Q = qJ + q K
181
d. Trigger T
Trigger T ch hot ng ch ng b S khi:
182
Bng chuyn trng thi ca T
Q = qT + qT = q T
183
Ni dung chng 5
184
1. B m v chia tn s
B m c dng m xung B m c gi l module n nu n c th m c n xung: t 0 n n-1 C 2 loi b m:
B m khng ng b: khng ng thi a tn hiu m vo cc u vo ca cc trigger B m ng b: c xung m ng thi l xung ng h clock a vo tt c cc trigger ca b m
185
B m khng ng b module 16
m t 0 n 15 v c 16 trng thi M ha thnh 4 bit A,B,C,D tng ng vi q4,q3,q2,q1 Cn dng 4 trigger (gi s dng trigger JK)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
186
Bng m xung:
187
Biu thi gian:
NX: B m ny ng thi cng l b chia tn s

188
C 10 trng thi cn dng 4 Trigger Gi s dng Trigger JK c u vo CLR (CLEAR: xa) tch cc mc thp
Nu CLR = 0 th q = 0
C mi khi m n xung th 10 th tt c cc q b xa v 0 S : (cc J=K=1)
189
B m ng b module 8
C 8 trng thi cn dng 3 Trigger Gi s dng cc Trigger JK Bng m xung:
190
B m ng b module 8 (tip)
191
B m li khng ng b module 8
Gi s dng Trigger JK c u vo PR (PRESET: thit lp trc) tch cc mc thp
Nu PR = 0 th q = 1
u tin cho PR = 0 th q1q2q3 = 111 Sau cho PR = 1, h hot ng bnh thng

xung 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
q3 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
q2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
q1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
S m 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7
192
B m li khng ng b module 8
193
2. Thanh ghi
Thanh ghi c cu to gm cc trigger ni vi nhau Chc nng:
lu tr tm thi thng tin Dch chuyn thng tin
Lu : c thanh ghi v b nh u dng lu tr thng tin, nhng thanh ghi c chc nng dch chuyn thng tin. Do , thanh ghi c th s dng lm b nh, nhng b nh khng th lm c thanh ghi.
194
Phn loi
Vo ni tip ra ni tip
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
Vo ni tip ra song song

1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
Vo song song ra ni tip

1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
Vo song song ra song song

1
195
V d
Thanh ghi 4 bit vo ni tip ra song song dng Trigger D
196
V d (tip)
Bng s liu kho st:
197
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Bch Khoa Online: hutonline.

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Ging vin: Nguyn Thnh Kin Mobile: +84983588135 Email:

ca cc mch s (mch logic, IC, chip) Trang b nguyn l

cc mch s c bn To c s cho tip thu cc kin thc chuyn ngnh

Ti liu tham kho chnh

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Np bo co thc hnh km bi thi Khng c bo co thc hnh => 0 im.

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Chng 1 GII THIU V IN T S

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Gii thiu v in t s (tip)

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Gii thiu v in t s (tip)

Gii thiu v in t s (tip)

H thng tng t (Analog system)

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Gii thiu v in t s (tip)

Gii thiu v in t s (tip)

Chuyn i cc u ra s v dng tng t thc t

Gii thiu v in t s (tip)

S kt hp ca cng ngh s v tng t!

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2.1. Gii thiu

Cho php ta s dng i s Boole nh l mt cng c phn tch v thit k cc h thng s

Gii thiu (tip)

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Gii thiu (tip)

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Gii thiu (tip)

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Mc logic 1 ng (True) Bt (On) Cao (High) C (Yes) (ng) Closed switch

2. Biu din bin v hm logic

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Biu din bin v hm logic (tip)

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Biu din bin v hm logic (tip)

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Biu din bin v hm logic (tip)

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Biu din bin v hm logic (tip)

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