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(ph n 1)
Chng I
S d ng BT Cauchy hai s v cc h qu c a n ch ng minh
BT Cauchy hai s c hai d ng th ng c s d ng: D ng 1: a + b 2 ab v i a,b l cc s khng m D ng 2: a 2 + b 2 2ab v i m i a,b Cc h qu c a BT Cauchy hai s l: H qu 1: 2(a 2 + b 2 ) (a + b) 2 4 ab v i m i a,b 1 1 4 H qu 2: + v i a,b dng a b a +b a b H qu 3: + 2 v i a,b dng b a
I.Cc bi ton c b n
Bi 1.1: Cho a,b,c l cc s th c dng. Ch ng minh: 1 1 1) ( a + b ) + 4 2) ( a + b )( b + c )( c + a ) 8abc a b
3) ( 2a + b + c )( 2b + c + a )( 2c + a + b ) 8 ( a + b )( b + c )( c + a )
3 ( a 2 + b2 + c 2 ) ( a + b + c ) 3 ( ab + bc + ca )
1) a + b
3
( a + b)
4 32
2)a + b
4 6
(a + b)
8
3) a 6 + b 6
(a + b)
Bi 1.4: Cho cc s th c dng a,b. Ch ng minh: 1 1 1 2 2 2 1) + + + + a b c a+b b+c c+a b+c c+a a+b b c a 2) + + 4 + + a b c b+c a+c a+b
1 1 1 1) + + ( a + b + c ) 9 a b c a b c 1 1 1 3) + + + + bc ca ab a b c
a 2 b2 1) + a + b b a a 2 b2 3) + 2 2(a 2 + b 2 ) b a
2)
bc ca ab + + a+b+c a b c
a 2 b2 2) + + a + b 3 4(a 3 + b3 ) b a
1 1 25 1) a + + b + 2 a b 1 1 25 3) a + b + a b 4
1 1 25 2) a + + b + 2 b a 1 1 25 4) a + b + b a 4
a2 b2 c2 a 3 + b3 + c3 1) 2 2 + 2 + 2abc b +c c + a 2 a 2 + b2 3 1 1 1 a + b3 + c3 2) 2 2 + 2 +3 b +c c + a 2 a 2 + b2 2abc
Bi 1.9: Cho a,b,c l cc s th c dng. Ch ng minh:
( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1)
1)
ab bc ca a +b+c + + a + b + 2c b + c + 2a c + a + 2b 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2) + + + + a + 3b b + 3c c + 3a 4a 4b 4c 1 1 1 1 1 1 3) + + + + a + b + 2c b + c + 2a c + a + 2b 4a 4b 4c
1)
a b c + + 2 3 ma mb mc
2)
ma mb mc 3 3 + + a b c 2
V i
Chng II
S d ng BT Cauchy n s v cc h qu c a n ch ng minh
Trong ph n ny ph m vi s d ng chnh l BT Cauchy ba s , ph n nh l BT Cauchy b n s v n s .
I.Cc bi ton c b n
Bi 2.1: Cho a,b,c,d,n l cc s th c dng. Ch ng minh: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1) ( a + b + c ) + + 9 2) ( a + b + c + d ) + + + 16 a b c a b c d Bi 2.2: Cho a,b,c l cc s th c dng. Ch ng minh: a b c 3 1) + + b+c a+c a +b 2 2) ( 2a + b + c )( 2b + c + a )( 2c + a + b ) 64abc
1 1 1 3) 1 + 1 + 1 + 64 a b c ( a + b + c = 1)
2)a3 + b3 + c3 a 2 bc + b2 ca + c2 ab
Bi 2.4: Cho a,b,c l cc s th c dng. Ch ng minh:
1)
a 3 b3 c 3 + + ab + bc + ca b c a
2)
a 3 b3 c 3 + + a2 + b2 + c 2 b c a
a3 b3 c3 a b c 3) + + + + b c a b c a
a 3 b3 c 3 1) + + a 2 + b 2 + c 2 b c a a 4 b 4 c 4 a 3 b3 c 3 2) 2 + 2 + 2 + + b c a b c a
Bi 2.6: Cho a,b,c l cc s th c dng. Ch ng minh:
1 a 2 b 2 9 a 9 + b9 + 2 b a 2
1 a 2 b 2 9 a 9 + b9 + 2 b a 2
Bi 2.10: Cho a,b,c,d l cc s th c dng. Ch ng minh:
a 6 + b 6 + c 6 + d 6 a 3b 2 c + b 3c 2 d + c 3 d 2 a + d 3 a 2 b
Chng III
S d ng BT Trbsp ch ng minh BT
Gi i thi u v i cc b n BT Trbsp: Cho m t s nguyn dng n 2 v hai dy s th c a1 , a2 ,..., an v b1 , b2 ,..., bn th a mn i u ki n: a1 a2 ... an v b1 b2 ... bn . Khi ta c: 1 a1b1 + a2b2 + ... + anbn ( a1 + a2 + ... + an )( b1 + b2 + ... + bn ) n Hay
Bi t p:
Bi 3.1: Cho a,b,c l cc s th c dng. Ch ng minh:
1 1 1 9 + + a b c a+b+c
Bi 3.2: Cho a,b,c l cc s th c dng. Ch ng minh:
( BT Nesbit)
Bi 3.4: Cho a,b,c l cc s th c dng th a mn: a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1 a 2 + b2 b2 + c 2 c 2 + a 2 P= + + Tm GTNN c a bi u th c: b+c c+a a+b Bi 3.5: Cho a,b,c l cc s th c khc 0. Ch ng minh: a2 b2 c2 3 + 2 + 2 2 2 2 2 5 a + (b + c ) b + ( c + a ) c + ( a + b) Bi 3.6: Cho a,b,c l cc s th c dng. Ch ng minh: 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 + + + + a b c 1 + a 1 + b 1 + c 1 + abc
Chng IV
S d ng php bi n i ng nh t ch ng minh BT
ch ng minh b t ng th c A B , hay A B 0 , ta tm cch bi n i bi u th c A B thnh t ng c a cc bi u th c c gi tr khng m, thng th ng l cc bi u th c bnh phng.
I.Cc bi ton c b n
Bi 4.1: Cho a,b,c l cc s th c dng. Ch ng minh: 1) a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ab + bc + ca
2) ( a + b + c ) 3 ( ab + bc + ca )
2
3) 3 ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) a + b + c
Bi 4.2: Cho a,b,c l cc s th c dng. Ch ng minh:
1)
bc ca ab + + a+b+c a b c bc ca ab 2) + + 3 ( a 2 + b2 + c2 ) a b c
a +b+c 0
a 2 b2 c 2 + + a+b+c b c a
Bi 4.7: Cho a,b,c l cc s th c dng. Ch ng minh:
a2 b2 c2 a+b+c + + b+c c+a a+b 2 Bi 4.8: Cho a,b,c l cc s th c dng sao cho c a m t tam gic. Ch ng minh:
a , b , c l s o ba c nh
( a + b c )( a b + c ) + ( b + c a )( b + a c ) + ( c + a c )( c + b a ) 0
Bi 4.9: Cho a,b,c l cc s th c dng sao cho a b c . Ch ng minh: