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1014220 1014212
MSSV:
MSTT:
T3 17
I.
1. Mc ch
Xc nh nng Cl- c trong mu bng phng php Mohr t so snh vi
nhng phng php khc.
2.
Nguyn tc
Chun Cl- bng dung dch AgNO3 : 0,010000 0,000056 (N) trong mi trng m
NaHCO3 khi c mt K2CrO4.
Phn ng chun :
(trng)
+ 2 Ag + Ag 2 CrO4 ( gch)
3. Tin hnh
- Rt 10,00 mL dung dch cha ion Cl- cho vo erlen 250mL.
- Thm 2,00 mL dung dch NaHCO3 5% + 10 git K2Cr2O4 6%.
- Nh t t dung dch AgNO3 vo erlen. Trong qu trnh chun lin tc lc mnh
erlen. Khi dung dch trong ra, kt ta trng vn cc li l du hiu gn n im tng
ng. Nh tht chm tng git lc mnh n khi xut hin kt ta mu gch. Ghi
li th tch.
- Lp li th nghim trn ba ln, ta thu c cc gi tr sau:
V1
V2
V3
Vtb
9,85 mL
9,80 mL
9,80 mL
9,82 mL
0,95; N Cl
CN AgNO3 *VAgNO3
VCl
0, 010000*9,84
= 0, 009840 N
10, 00
0,95; N AgNO3
= CN Cl *
C N AgNO
3
1,96* pipet
+
V * n
pipet
t0,95;n 1 * S n ,V
buret
+
Vtb * n
+
0, 010000 10, 00* 3 9,84* 3
= 0, 000093N
nK2CrO4
Vdd
0, 03
194
=
= 0, 0069 M
22,34*103
[ Ag ]cuoi =
TAg 2CrO4
CM CrO 2
4
[Cl ]cuoi =
TAgCl
[ Ag + ]cuoi
10 11,95
= 1, 27*10 5M
0, 0069
10 9,75
= 1,39*10 5M
1,304 10 5
%
CrO
=
42 , Ag +
%
CrO
= 0, 015%
42 , Ag +
5. Nhn xt
chnh xc ca qu trnh chun :
1
0,95; N Cl
C N Cl
= 1
0, 000093
= 99, 05%
0, 009840
Cl- vn cn m khi TAgCr2O4 < [Ag+]2 * [Cr2O42-] lm xut hin kt ta, dng
chun trc im tng ng.
Khng s dng mi trng kim v Ag+ s phn ng ph vi OH- to kt ta
en, kh quan st mu sc ca kt ta. Khng s dng c mi trng acid v CrO42s tn ti di dng HCrO4- hoc H2CrO4 , khng ch th c.
Cht ch th dng trong phng php kt ta khng c i mu cho ti khi
Nguyn tc:
Chun Cl- bng dung dch AgNO3 0,010000 0,000056N trong mi trng m
NaHCO3 khi c mt Fluorescein (HFl) lm ch th.
Phn ng chun :
(trng)
Phn ng ch th: khi cho d mt git Ag+, ht keo (AgCl)m tch in dng s hp
ph anion Fl- v tr thnh mu hng.
{ ( AgCl ) } xNO
+x
+ xFl
{ ( AgCl )
2. Tin hnh
V2
V3
Vtb
9,65 mL
9,65 mL
9,60 mL
9,63 mL
C N Cl =
0,95; N Cl
CN AgNO3 *VAgNO3
VCl
0, 010000*9, 65
= 0, 009650 N
10, 00
0,95; N AgNO3
= CN Cl *
C N AgNO
3
1,96* pipet
+
V * n
pipet
t0,95;n 1 * S n ,V
buret
+
Vtb * n
4. Nhn xt:
0,95; N Cl
C N Cl
= 1
0, 000087
= 99,10%
0, 009650
khi cho d Ag+. Sau khi va qua im tng ng cc ht keo AgCl tch in
dng (v cho d Ag+) nn ht keo s hp ph ion m Fl-. V vy trn b mt kt
ta s xut hin mu hng c trng ca Fluoresceinat bc. Phn ng ch th ch
din ra khi cho d Ag+ .
B mt kt ta cng ln th cng d hp ph, do ta cn lc erlen mnh h
keo AgCl phn tn trong ton b dung dch, dn n din tch b mt hp ph tng
ln, tuy nhin iu ny li dn n kh khn cho vic quan st mu sc ca kt ta.
V Fluoresceinat ch bn trong mi trng c pH > 8, m mi trng kim mnh
1.
Nguyn tc, mc ch
Xc nh Cl- bng phng php Volhard da trn nguyn tc chun ngc. u tin
ta cho cc ion Cl- kt ta vi mt lng d chnh xc dung dch AgNO3, sau ta
chun li lng d AgNO3 bng SCN- vi cht ch th l phn st amoni. T ta xc
nh lng th tch dung dch AgNO3 tiu tn to kt ta vi Cl- bng cch ly
hiu s gia hai ln chun va thc hin.
- Phn ng chun khi cho lng d AgNO3
Cl- + Ag+ AgCl (trng)
- Phn ng chun lng d Ag+
Ag+ + SCN- AgSCN (trng)
Khi cho d 1 git KSCN s xy ra phn ng vi ch th:
Fe3+ + SCN- FeSCN2+ (mu hng)
Do pT AgSCN =12,0 > pT AgCl = 9,75 nn c th s xy ra phn ng:
AgCl + SCN- AgSCN + ClV th ta cho vo dung dch cn chun mt lng dung dch nitrobenzen trc khi
tin hnh chun lng Ag+ d. nitrobenzen bao bc kt ta AgCl li, khng cho
SCN- ph hy AgCl.
2. Tin hnh
a. Chun Cl- bng lng d AgNO3
V2
V3
Vtb
15,00 mL
15,00 mL
15,00 mL
15,00 mL
V2
V3
Vtb
3,30 mL
3,35 mL
3,35 mL
3,33 mL
C N Cl =
0, 010000*15, 02 0, 0174000*3,33
= 0, 009191N
10, 00
1,96 * buret
+
V
AgNO3 * n
0,95; A
0,95; N AgNO3
=A
C N AgNO
3
0,95; A
0, 000056 1,96*0, 05
= 0,1502*
= 0, 0010
+
0, 010000 15, 02* 3
0,95 B
4,30* buret
= B * 0,95 N KSCN +
C N KSCN VKSCN * n
0,95 B
0,95;W
0, 0010 0, 0012
= W * 0,95; A + 0,95;B = 0, 092258*
+
= 0, 0020
0,1502 0, 0579
A B
0,95;Cl
2
0,95;W 1,96* pipet
= CCl *
+
W VCl * n
0,95;Cl
6
[ FeSCN 2+ ]
2,14 6, 4*10
=
10
= 3, 09*106 M
3+
[ Fe ]
0, 015
%
VInSCN
=+
%
VInSCN
= +0, 04%
4.
Nhn xt:
Nhc im:
Lun cho sai s dng (v phn ng ch th ch xy ra khi cho d Ag+)
u im:
a. Mc ch:
-
Phn ng chun :
5C2O42- + 2MnO4- +
16H+ 2Mn2+ +
10 CO2 + 8H2O
b. Tin hnh:
+
1 mL H2SO4 (1 : 1)
un nng n 80oC
Chun bng dung dch KMnO4 n khi dung dch chuyn sang mu
90oC
hng nht.
c. Kt qu:
V1
V2
V3
Vtb
5,80 mL
5,75 mL
5,75 mL
5,77 mL
C N KMnO4 =
0,95; N KMnO4
C N H 2C2O4 VH 2C2O4
VKMnO4
0, 050000*10, 00
= 0, 0865051N
5, 78
0,95; N H 2C2O4
= CKMnO4
CM H C O
2 2 4
2
1, 96* pipet 4, 30* buret
+
V buret * n
*
n
V pipet
Vy nng ca KMnO4 :
a. Nguyn tc:
-
ly d:
Ca2+
C2O42-
CaC2O4
CaC2O4
2H+
H2C2O4
Ca2+
b. Tin hnh:
-
Thm vo khong 40 mL nc ct
Cho HCl vo dung dch n khi mu dung dch trong erlen chuyn sang
hng
5g urea
Lc gn kt ta
c. Kt qu:
V1
V2
V3
Vtb
6,95 mL
6,95 mL
7,00 mL
6,97 mL
0,95; M Ca 2+
C N KMnO4 VKMnO4
2*Vmu
0, 0865*10, 00
= 0, 061874 N
2*6,99
0,95; N KMnO4
= CM Ca 2+
CN KMnO
4
2
1,96* pipet 4,30 * s n;V
+
V pipet * n V buret * n
2
Vy nng ca KMnO4 :
2+
C M Ca = 0,0619 0,0011 M
e. Nhn xt:
Ta dng phng php lc gn (tc l cho dung dch lng vo trc sau
mi n kt ta) nhm tit kim c thi gian v nu cho kt ta vo trc th
kt ta s lm bt giy lc, thi gian lc ko di.
Khng cho giy lc vo erlen lc chun v xenlulozo trong giy lc c
th b oxy ha bi KMnO4 dn n kt qu chun khng chnh xc, sai s tha
ln.